Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: FGF21

Gene name: fibroblast growth factor 21

HGNC ID: 3678

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ADIPOQ	1 hits
2	ALB	1 hits
3	COG2	1 hits
4	CS	1 hits
5	HBB	1 hits
6	HIST3H2A	1 hits
7	INS	1 hits
8	MAPK1	1 hits
9	PPARA	1 hits
10	PPARG	1 hits
11	PPARGC1A	1 hits
12	PRKAA1	1 hits
13	PTPN11	1 hits
14	RPS6KB1	1 hits
15	SIRT1	1 hits
16	STAT3	1 hits
17	UBASH3B	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	21926274	Plasma FGF21 levels were significantly negatively correlated with plasma adiponectin.
2	17063460	While the early actions of FGF-21 on 3T3-L1 adipocytes involve rapid accumulation of intracellular calcium and phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3, p70(S6K), SHP-2, MEK1/2, and Stat3, continuous treatment for 72 h induces an increase in PPARgamma protein expression.
3	17063460	Moreover, chronic activation of the PPARgamma pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the PPARgamma agonist and anti-diabetic agent, rosiglitazone (BRL 49653), enhances FGF-21 action to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of FGF receptor-2.
4	17601491	Fasting or treatment of mice with the PPARalpha agonist Wy-14,643 induced FGF21 mRNA by 10-fold and 8-fold, respectively.
5	17601491	The potential importance of PPARalpha for FGF21 expression also in human liver was shown by Wy-14,643 induction of FGF21 mRNA in human primary hepatocytes, and PPARalpha response elements were identified in both the human and mouse FGF21 promoters.
6	18252893	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic regulator with multiple beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in animal models.
7	18252893	Serum FGF21 correlated positively with adiposity, fasting insulin, and triglycerides but negatively with HDL cholesterol, after adjusting for age and BMI.
8	19401423	Given that FGF-21 has been suggested to be a peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR) alpha-dependent regulator of fasting metabolism, we hypothesized that free fatty acids (FFAs), natural agonists of PPARalpha, might modify FGF-21 levels.
9	19401423	Oleate and linoleate increased FGF-21 expression and secretion in a PPARalpha-dependent fashion, as demonstrated by small-interfering RNA-induced PPARalpha knockdown, while palmitate had no effect.
10	19819944	Expressed primarily in liver and adipose tissue, FGF21 is induced via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathways during states requiring increased fatty acid oxidation including fasting and consumption of a ketogenic diet.
11	19720803	Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) is a potent metabolic regulator, which in animal models has been shown to improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
12	19720803	Recently, FGF-21 was shown to be expressed and secreted from murine muscle cells in response to insulin stimulation.
13	19720803	Furthermore, we investigated systemic levels and muscle FGF-21 expression in humans with or without insulin resistance and chronic elevated insulin.
14	19720803	After 3 or 4 h of insulin infusion during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, muscular FGF-21 expression increased significantly.
15	19720803	In individuals with chronic elevated insulin, muscular FGF-21 expression was associated with hyperinsulinemia in men but not in women.
16	19699495	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
17	19699495	Fibroblast growth factor 21 significantly and positively correlated with markers of insulin resistance (increased homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, decreased adiponectin) and dyslipidemia (increased triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) in univariate and multivariate analyses.
18	20424140	Interestingly, a mild elevation of FFAs resulting from complete insulin deficiency also increased FGF-21 levels.
19	20424140	These results from two independent human RCTs suggest that FFAs increase circulating FGF-21, while insulin is only of minor importance under physiological conditions.
20	20357365	Despite unchanged body fat content, rats treated with intracerebroventricular FGF21 displayed a robust increase of insulin sensitivity due to increased insulin-induced suppression of both hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenic gene expression, with no change of glucose utilization.
21	20452080	However, a use of thiazolidinediones did not affect serum FGF21 levels while it induced higher serum adiponectin levels.
22	20616029	Here we demonstrate that FGF21 regulates energy homeostasis in adipocytes through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), resulting in enhanced mitochondrial oxidative function.
23	20616029	FGF21 treatment increased cellular NAD(+) levels, leading to activation of SIRT1 and deacetylation of its downstream targets, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and histone 3.
24	20616029	Activation of AMPK and SIRT1 by FGF21 in adipocytes enhanced mitochondrial oxidative capacity as demonstrated by increases in oxygen consumption, citrate synthase activity, and induction of key metabolic genes.
25	20616029	The effects of FGF21 on mitochondrial function require serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11/LKB1), which activates AMPK.
26	20616029	Inhibition of AMPK, SIRT1, and PGC-1alpha activities attenuated the effects of FGF21 on oxygen consumption and gene expression, indicating that FGF21 regulates mitochondrial activity and enhances oxidative capacity through an AMPK-SIRT1-PGC1alpha-dependent mechanism in adipocytes.
27	21525989	Furthermore, plasma FGF21 level correlated positively with creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ?2 microglobulin, systolic pressure, adiponectin, phosphate, proteinuria, CRP and triglyceride, but negatively with creatinine clearance rate (CCR), estimated glomerular filtrate rate (eGFR), HDL-c, LDL-c, albumin and LVH after adjusting for BMI, gender, age and the presence of diabetes mellitus.
28	19906798	Pharmacologic studies show that FGF21 has broad metabolic actions in obese rodents and primates that include enhancing insulin sensitivity, decreasing triglyceride concentrations, and causing weight loss.
29	21372207	Furthermore, in wild-type cells, TGF-?1 mainly stimulated the Smad pathways, whereas in double-knockout cells, it activated the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways and induced expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21).
30	21309058	FGF21 exposure increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in human myotubes, coincident with increased glucose transporter 1 mRNA, and enhanced glucose transporter 1 abundance at the plasma membrane.
31	21309058	In isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle, FGF21 potentiated insulin-stimulated glucose transport, without altering phosphorylation of Akt or AMP-activated protein kinase.
32	18840786	FGF21 also reduced blood glucose, insulin, and lipid levels and reversed hepatic steatosis.
33	18460341	Via reduced release of fatty acids into the circulation, the anti-lipolytic effect could be a mechanism through which FGF21 promotes insulin sensitivity in man.
34	22046277	The changes in plasma FGF-21 levels (?FGF-21) were positively associated with the amelioration of insulin resistance shown by the changes in M value.
35	21956711	Hepatic FGF21 correlated inversely with hepatic AMPK phosphorylation In type 2 diabetes mellitus, combined pioglitazone and exenatide therapy is associated with a reduction in plasma FGF21 levels, as well as a greater decrease in hepatic fat than that achieved with pioglitazone therapy.
36	21973233	Fasting serum FGF-21 was found to correlate positively and significantly with age, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance, and hsCRP, but negatively with HOMA of ?-cell insulin secretion.