Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: REN

Gene name: renin

HGNC ID: 9958

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ACE	1 hits
2	ACTB	1 hits
3	ADIPOQ	1 hits
4	ADRB2	1 hits
5	AGT	1 hits
6	AGTR1	1 hits
7	AGTR2	1 hits
8	ALB	1 hits
9	ANG	1 hits
10	AOF2	1 hits
11	AVP	1 hits
12	BEST1	1 hits
13	C20orf181	1 hits
14	CD2AP	1 hits
15	CD40	1 hits
16	CNBP	1 hits
17	COX8A	1 hits
18	CRP	1 hits
19	DBH	1 hits
20	GNAS	1 hits
21	HBB	1 hits
22	IDDM2	1 hits
23	IGF1	1 hits
24	IL1B	1 hits
25	INS	1 hits
26	MAPK1	1 hits
27	MCAT	1 hits
28	NAMPT	1 hits
29	NFKB1	1 hits
30	NOS1	1 hits
31	NOS3	1 hits
32	NPPA	1 hits
33	POMC	1 hits
34	PPARG	1 hits
35	PPRC1	1 hits
36	PTGS2	1 hits
37	PTH	1 hits
38	PTPRN	1 hits
39	PTPRN2	1 hits
40	RETN	1 hits
41	SUCNR1	1 hits
42	SULT2A1	1 hits
43	TGFB1	1 hits
44	USF1	1 hits
45	VEGFA	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	1244223	Serum DBH activity was also significantly lower in seven patients with low renin essential hypertension than in 17 patients with normal renin hypertension (19.9 +/- 4.3 vs. 43.9 +/- 5.0 IU, P less than 0.05).
2	1244223	Plasma renin activity increased more than 3-fold in these same subjects, and did not correlate with serum DBH activity.
3	45468	Normal human plasma contains "inactive renin," whose ability to generate angiotensin I increases after exposure to pH 3.3.
4	6989547	After 6 wk renin and aldosterone responses were again determined, as were oral glucose tolerance and serum potassium and serum insulin levels.
5	6993194	With regard to plasma renin activity (PRA) and PRC, no significant difference was found between normal and diabetic groups.
6	7040751	Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) were measured under conditions of bed rest and after administration of furosemide and/or angiotensin II to adult-onset diabetics and age-matched controls.
7	6364673	In diabetic rats with 26.51 +/- 1.89 mmol/l of serum glucose, the plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were all significantly lower than in control rats, but the plasma potassium and renal function were not significantly different.
8	3881775	It is concluded that there were multiple defects in the renin-angiotensin system in this diabetic model, namely, a depletion of renin storage with subsequent loss of maximal responsiveness to the adrenergic agonist in renin release, an elevation of intrarenal renin degradation together with a deficiency in ACE which would possibly lead to a decrease in intrarenal formation of angiotensin II.
9	3884238	Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH), plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured immediately before and 60 min after intravenous administration of frusemide and passage from lying to standing.
10	3908320	Pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II also may sometimes be increased relative to plasma renin levels.
11	2868056	Both i.c.v. methoxamine (10 micrograms/kg) and phenylephrine (30 micrograms/kg) also increased plasma levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in LE rats from 2.6 +/- 0.4 (n = 9) to 22.4 +/- 3.5 (n = 6, P less than 0.01) and 37.0 +/- 4.0 pg/ml (n = 6, P less than 0.01), respectively, without affecting plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma angiotensin II (ANG II) levels.
12	3518445	The effect of acute and chronic expansion of the extracellular fluid volume on plasma renin concentration (PRC) was studied in normal Long-Evans rats (LE rats) and in rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI rats).
13	3549258	Glomerular angiotensin II receptors were measured by Scatchard analysis; insulin, renin activity, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were measured by RIA.
14	2957476	Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), arginine vasopressin (AVP), renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, norepinephrine, and cortisol, and renal functions were investigated in nine children with diabetic ketoacidosis.
15	2959466	Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin concentration (PRC) and brain serotonin content were investigated 48 h after i.p. administration of central serotonin depletor p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) (300 mg kg-1) in male Wistar (Wi) and diabetes insipidus Brattleboro (DI) rats.
16	2959466	The results indirectly show that pCPA-induced suppression of renal renin secretion observed in Wi rats may be due to prevailing inhibitory action of antidiuretic hormone.
17	2977818	Diabetic subjects and normal ones showed a twofold rise in ANP during immersion and a marked suppression of both plasma renin activity and aldosterone.
18	2527679	Patients with elevated albumin excretion rates had elevated median plasma renin activity (macroalbuminuric 2.2, range 0.5-8.2, p less than 0.05; microalbuminuric 2.3, 0.7-7.1, p less than 0.001; vs normoalbuminuric 1.0, 0.2-4.5 nmol l-1 h-1) and higher systolic blood pressure (macroalbuminuric 141 +/- 27 vs normoalbuminuric 116 +/- 13 mmHg, mean +/- SD, p less than 0.01) compared with those with normal albumin excretion rates.
19	2527703	Plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin II were lower in both groups of diabetic patients than in the normal control subjects (p less than 0.01).
20	2569653	The mechanism of hypotension appears independent of effects on a variety of hormones including insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and components of the renin-angiotensin system including renin activity, plasma angiotensin converting enzyme, and aldosterone.
21	2691128	At 3 months, the angiotensin converting enzyme activity was markedly inhibited, while plasma renin activity was increased.
22	2559238	We recently showed that the administration of the antidiuretic V2 specific agonist, 1-desamino[8-D-arginine]vasopressin (dDAVP), to seven male patients with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) did not cause a decrease in blood pressure nor an increase in plasma renin activity or factor VIIIc or von Willebrand factor release.
23	2559238	Factor VIIIc and tissue plasminogen activator augmented by 75 to 100% and von Willebrand Factor multimers were increased; plasma renin activity and plasma cyclic AMP concentration increased by 200%.
24	2188897	Elevated serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and plasma renin activity, expressed as generated angiotensin I, were unaffected by the lower dose of insulin, but were reduced by 26% and 40%, respectively at the higher dose.
25	2188897	These data suggest that elevated serum ACE and plasma renin activity, commonly found in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat, may not be primarily responsible for hypertension in this model.
26	2167193	Endogenous elevation of plasma renin activity and exogenous corticotropin were used to study steroidogenesis.
27	2167193	In 1977, potassium, baseline cortisol, aldosterone, and renin activity were normal; renin activity increased normally with posture; and cortisol responded normally to ACTH infusion.
28	2170215	The interrelationships of sodium and volume status, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plasma renin activity (PRA), insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I), and kidney weight and their influence on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were investigated in rats during the first 4 wk of streptozocin-induced diabetes (STZ-D).
29	2148776	The effects of insulin treatment on plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and body fluid volume were studied in 16 hospitalized patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus.
30	1827874	In patients with high basal hANP levels due to elevated systolic blood pressure renin responses to postural changes were decreased in comparison to those patients with low basal hANP levels.
31	1953259	The main purpose of this randomized controlled study was to assess the effects of postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy on blood pressure (BP) and plasma renin substrate (PRS) in non insulin-dependent diabetic patients (DNID).
32	1770018	Supine and ambulant plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone were measured in ten IDDM patients with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), in ten IDDM patients with elevated GFR and in ten nondiabetic controls.
33	1685705	Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels decreased during volume expansion in both IDDM and control subjects.
34	1815656	In our model, the role of renin I (prorenin) is to generate localized high concentrations of angiotensin II, eg, in the afferent arteriole of the kidney and in other vital organs, causing regional dilation by rendering tissues insensitive (tachyphylactic) to the vasoconstrictor effect of circulating angiotensin II or by releasing vasodilator substances.
35	1313528	There was no difference in plasma glucose or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) between NKDM and HKDM patients.
36	1619503	Insulin-induced hypokalaemia increases plasma renin and angiotensin II levels while decreasing the serum aldosterone concentration.
37	1386818	Insulin (0.1-1.0 mu/ml) and IGF-I (10(-9) to 4 x 10(-9) M) stimulated renin secretion in normal tissue (control, 95 +/- 3%; insulin [0.5 mu/ml], 134 +/- 7%; IGF-I [4 x 10(-9) M], 149 +/- 7%).
38	1386818	IGF-I stimulated renin secretion in perifusions as early as 30 min, whereas IGF-II had no effect.
39	1386818	This study suggests that the low renin state in DM may be explained by the enhanced inhibitory effect of ANG II and the resistance to the secretogogue actions of insulin and IGF-I.
40	1513101	However, renal renin concentration was increased (1.49 +/- 0.27 micrograms Ang I/mg protein/hr) compared to C rats (P less than 0.05). beta-actin mRNA levels were unchanged in either diabetic rat group.
41	1513111	Whereas plasma renin activity rose in both the perindopril and triple therapy groups, it is likely that the effects on angiotensin II levels were opposite since perindopril but not triple therapy was associated with a significant reduction in plasma angiotensin converting enzyme activity.
42	1516945	Research defining the pivotal role of vascular cytosolic calcium for transducing sodium or renin-mediated vasoconstriction explains the selective value of calcium antagonists for correcting the sodium-volume-mediated, and beta-blockers or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for correcting renin-mediated, arteriolar vasoconstriction.
43	1330463	We report here the alterations of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (S-ACE) and of active renin plasma concentrations (ARPC) in 41 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients compared with those of 26 control subjects.
44	1330463	These data show that S-ACE activity is elevated in IDDM patients with nephropathy-proteinuria and/or with retinopathy and the circulating renin may not represent the renal renin-angiotensin vascular system.
45	1468310	During the semitriathlon race, serum insulin, C-peptide, glucagon cortisol, growth hormone ACTH, prolactin, and plasma renin activity increased two- to ninefold, whereas serum testosterone fell.
46	1468310	Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations rose similarly in diabetic and healthy subjects, whereas the rise in antidiuretic hormone was slightly greater in diabetic patients.
47	8241672	Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, plasma and urinary cyclic 3'5'-guanosine monophosphate and urinary prostaglandin E2 were measured in eight patients (aged 3-21 y) with central diabetes insipidus.
48	8241672	Water-balance is not detectably different from normal in correctly treated diabetes insipidus patients in terms of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels.
49	8287649	The responses of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma renin activity and salivary aldosterone concentration were similar between the two groups.
50	8130360	In this study, the tissue-specific regulation of renin and angiotensinogen mRNA levels and the abundance of glomerular angiotensin II receptors were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats (160 to 240 g) made diabetic with streptozotocin.
51	8130360	Plasma renin concentration did not differ between control, diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic groups.
52	8187317	In the diabetes insipidus group, water deprivation caused a twofold increase in plasma renin activities (48 +/- 13.8 ng/l min) while in the control group plasma renin activity levels were not significantly altered (10.2 +/- 1.2 ng/l min).
53	8187317	There is a dissociation between renin and aldosterone in patients with diabetes insipidus under basal conditions, which is exaggerated during water deprivation.
54	7645406	The renal excretory function and plasma renin activity (PRA) were studied in conscious rats on a low sodium diet (25 mmol/kg) after atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) infusion (100 ng/kg b.w.
55	7533733	Similarly, ANG II (10(-8) mol/l) inhibition of renin was significantly enhanced in diabetic rats (P < 0.001).
56	7533733	Insulin reversed the inhibitory effects of ANG II on renin in normal rats, but it blunted the effect of ANG II in diabetic rats.
57	9392495	Three weeks after induction of diabetes, we measured renal kallikrein and renin mRNA levels, renal kallikrein and renal renin activity, and plasma renin activity in control and diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with insulin or IGF-I for 2 or 5 h.
58	9392495	IGF-I, at a dosage that stimulated kallikrein mRNA levels in control rats, had no effect on renal kallikrein and renin content or mRNA levels in diabetic rats.
59	9392495	These data suggest that 1) diabetes suppresses kallikrein and renin gene expression, and these abnormalities are reversed by insulin or IGF-I; and 2) the diabetic state produces resistance to IGF-I induction of kallikrein and renin gene expression.
60	10792607	Diabetic renal pathology was associated with intense renin mRNA and protein in the proximal tubules and juxtaglomerular cells along with overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and collagen IV mRNA in glomeruli and tubules.
61	10977776	Evidence suggests that intrarenal RASs within glomeruli and proximal tubules may be activated with hyperglycemia, leading to stimulation of local ANG II production, which may exert feedback inhibition of systemic renin release.
62	12693071	ARB are recommended in patients who cannot take ACE inhibitors as a plausible alternative for modulating the renin angiotensin system.
63	12692747	Since renin catalyses the first and rate-limiting step of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascade, interruption of the generation of angiotensin II (Ang II) by renin inhibitors at this highly specific initial step of the cascade has long been a therapeutic goal.
64	12692747	Due to the lack of effective alternative enzyme pathways, blockade of Ang II production may be more effective with renin inhibition than with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition.
65	12817909	Plasma noradrenaline (NA, pmol/L), adrenaline (A, pmol/L), plasma renin activity (PRA, angiotensin I, nmol/L/h) and aldosterone (ALD, pmol/L) were measured in the supine position (baseline) and after 2, 5, and 20 min O in 10 healthy subjects (C), 9 T2D patients without AN (D), 14 T2D patients with AN and without PH (DAN), and 7 T2D patients with AN and PH (DAN-PH).
66	15010356	Plasma renin activity was significantly reduced in nNOS -/- mice on a mixed genetic background and in COX-2 -/- mice on either BALB/c or C57/BL6 congenic backgrounds.
67	15010356	Therefore, these findings reveal that the absence of either COX-2 or nNOS is associated with suppressed renin secretion.
68	16103259	A novel assay was developed for measurement of renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in plasma.
69	16179893	The dual blockade of the renin angiotensin system with an ACE inhibitor and an angiotensin II receptor antagonist is a new and promising approach to control UAE in hypertensive patients.
70	17508916	Hyperglycemia, elevated circulating fatty acids, inadequate local activation of renin angiotensin system, and chronic low grade inflammation are conditions that coexist in the CMS and DM2 that turn out to be deleterious for the beta-cell functioning and existance.
71	17533199	To explore the impact of angiotensin II on insulin signaling, NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species formation, vascular inflammation, apoptosis, and remodeling, we used transgenic TG(mRen2)27 (Ren2) rats, which harbor the mouse renin transgene and exhibits elevated tissue angiotensin II levels.
72	17676311	There were no significant changes in plasma renin activity, ACE, AI, AII or aldosterone during the study.
73	17828524	Using diabetic transgenic (mRen-2)27 rats, a rodent model of advanced diabetic nephropathy, we compared the efficacy of the renin inhibitor, aliskiren (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) by osmotic mini-pump), with the ACE inhibitor, perindopril (0.2 mg kg(-1) day(-1) in drinking water), over a 16 week period.
74	17897017	Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a key enzyme in the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and converts angiotensin (Ang) I to the vasoconstrictor Ang II, which is thought to be responsible for most of the physiological and pathophysiological effects of the RAS.
75	18326228	General clinical and hormonal (renin, AII, aldosteron, endothelin-1) examinations were conducted in 62 patients (37 males and 25 females) with DM-2 and DN on long-term ACE inhibitors.
76	18305124	Regarding potential mediators of these differences, offspring of diabetic mice had increased expression of intrarenal angiotensinogen and renin mRNA, upregulation of NF-kappaB isoforms p50 and p65, and activation of the NF-kappaB pathway.
77	18794727	Gene expression studies revealed that renin and endothelin-1 were regulated by PPARgamma in Calu-6 cells.
78	18794727	Our results implicate a key role for renin and endothelin-1 in the edema caused by PPARgamma agonists and demonstrate how knowledge gained from pharmacogenetic studies can be applied in drug discovery.
79	18829990	In the present study, we determined whether hyperglycemia activates the cardiac intracellular renin-Ang system (RAS) in vivo and whether ARBs, ACE, or renin inhibitors block synthesis and effects of intracellular Ang II (iAng II).
80	18829990	Diabetic rats were treated with insulin, candesartan (ARB), benazepril (ACE inhibitor), or aliskiren (renin inhibitor).
81	18829990	Renin inhibition has a more pronounced effect than ARBs and ACE inhibitors on these diabetes complications and may be clinically more efficacious.
82	19183745	The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can be inhibited through inhibition of angiotensin I (Ang I) generation from angiotensinogen by direct renin inhibitors, inhibition of angiotensin II (Ang II) generation from angiotensin I by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and finally by direct inhibition of the action of Ang II receptor level.
83	19196886	Ramipril decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, ACE activity, and angiotensin II and increased plasma renin activity.
84	19389848	Genetic deletion of GPR91 (GPR91(-/-) mice) or pharmacologic inhibition of MAPK or COX-2 blocked succinate-induced renin release.
85	19776718	When the succinate receptor (SUCNR1) is activated in the afferent arterioles of the glomerulus it increases renin release and induces hypertension.
86	19861503	The results showed that D-glucose treatment up-regulates prorenin, renin, angiotensin II, PRR, IL-1beta, and COX-2 mRNA and protein expression and increases phosphorylation of ERK1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, c-Jun, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) p65 (serine 276,468 and 536), respectively.
87	19861503	We conclude that glucose induces the up-regulation of PRR and its ligands prorenin and renin, leading to increased IL-1beta and COX-2 production via the angiotensin II-dependent pathway.
88	18413493	Ang II type 1 receptor blockade with Olmesartan reduced CD renin to control levels but significantly increased juxtaglomerular renin.
89	20505658	Beyond the effect on parathyroid hormone suppression, the pleiotropic effect of vitamin D has been associated with improvement of cardiovascular risk factors, including increased renin activity, hypertension, inflammation, insulin resistance, diabetes, and albuminuria.
90	20543712	In this study, the effects of renin inhibition on insulin resistance and adipose tissue dysfunction were explored in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice.
91	20543712	These results suggest that renin inhibition by aliskiren improved insulin resistance and adipose tissue dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice through an increase in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and adipocyte differentiation, and a reduction of oxidative stress.
92	20812878	Aliskiren, the first approved renin inhibitor to reach the market, is a low-molecular-weight, orally active, hydrophilic non-peptide molecule that blocks angiotensin I generation.
93	19882253	Hormonal evaluation included 8.00 a.m. cortisol, DHEA-S, ACTH and in hypertensive subjects, plasma renin activity, and serum aldosterone.
94	20861827	These include the triggering of renin release in early diabetes via both vascular (endothelial) and tubular (macula densa) sites in the juxtaglomerular apparatus as well as the activation of MAP kinases in the distal nephron-collecting duct, which are important signaling mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and renal fibrosis.
95	20861827	Also, the distal nephron-collecting duct system, which is the major source of (pro)renin in diabetes and has the highest level of GPR91 expression in the kidney, may have an important, active, and early role in the pathogenesis of DN in contrast to the existing glomerulus-centric paradigm.
96	20615910	Baseline urinary angiotensinogen levels were positively correlated with renal angiotensinogen gene expression and AngII immunoreactivity but not with plasma renin activity or the urinary protein excretion rate.
97	19765632	These data show that: (1) HG increases AGT synthesis and activation of renin and ACE by MCTs, leading to local production of Ang I and Ang II. (2) Ang II activates endogenous AT1 and stimulates synthesis of VEGF. (3) HG activation of ERK starts within minutes and lasts for up to 24h.
98	21050256	Resistin levels were significantly higher in LS, where RAAS activity was high, when compared with HS balance, where RAAS activity was suppressed (6.36 vs 5.86 ?g/l, P < 0.0001); however, resistin concentrations were not associated with plasma renin activity or serum aldosterone on either diet. 25(OH)D levels were positively and independently associated with resistin in both dietary conditions (HS: ?=0.400, P-trend=0.027; LS: ?=0.540, P-trend=0.014).
99	20945395	Moreover, HG induced gene expression of angiotensinogen, renin, AT(1) R, and angiotensin II (Ang II) synthesis were inhibited by RAR? agonists and promoted by silencing RAR?.
100	20945395	Activation of RXR?, downregulated the expression of AT(1) R; and RXR? silencing accelerated HG induced expression of angiotensinogen and Ang II synthesis, whereas there was no significant effect on renin gene expression.
101	11053041	Renin activity, afferent arteriolar granularity, and renin mRNA were determined in wild-type mice and in COX-2-knockout mice on control and low-NaCl diets.
102	11053041	Renin activity in microdissected glomeruli assessed as angiotensin I formation in the presence of excess substrate and afferent arteriolar granularity determined by direct visualization and immunostaining were significantly reduced in COX-2 -/- compared with wild-type animals.
103	11053041	In contrast, renin mRNA and renin granularity did not significantly increase in low-salt-treated COX-2 -/- mice, whereas the increase in juxtaglomerular renin enzyme activity was markedly attenuated, but not fully blocked.
104	15075180	Increases in plasma renin concentration (PRC) in response to a 3-day infusion of bumetanide (50 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) or an acute injection of furosemide (50 mg/kg ip) were not markedly altered in nNOS-/- mice.
105	15075180	In the isolated kidney preparation, bumetanide caused similar relative increases in renin secretion in kidneys of wild-type, nNOS-/-, and eNOS-/- mice.
106	15075180	Our data suggest that NO generated by macula densa nNOS does not play a specific mediator role in macula densa-dependent renin secretion.
107	16597606	COX-2 inhibition attenuated high protein-induced hyperfiltration but had no effect on high protein-induced intrarenal renin elevation.
108	16597606	Therefore, induction of cortical COX-2 contributed to high protein-induced hyperfiltration but not intrarenal renin elevation.
109	16822937	Compared with wild-type animals, mice with conditional Gsalpha deficiency had markedly reduced basal levels of renin expression and very low plasma renin concentrations.
110	16954340	In the current experiments, we determined the response of plasma renin concentration (PRC) to acute intraperitoneal administration of furosemide (40 mg/kg), hydralazine (2 mg/kg), isoproterenol (10 mg/kg), candesartan (50 microg), or quinaprilate (50 microg) in conscious wild-type (WT) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-/- mice on three different genetic backgrounds (mixed, C57BL/6, 129J).
111	16954340	COX-2 activity does not appear to be a mandatory and specific requirement for furosemide-stimulated renin secretion.
112	18216149	Exposure to high glucose resulted in a 2.1-fold increase ANG II levels mediated through increased renin activity, as exposure to high glucose increased renin levels and preincubation with Aliskiren abrogated glucose-induced ANG II production.
113	18400871	We also used a graded ANG II infusion to determine whether gender-based differences were mediated by effects of COX2 inhibition on the renin angiotensin system (RAS).
114	19019914	The present experiments were performed to examine whether IA-2 and IA-2beta modulate the release of renin from dense-core vesicles of juxtaglomerular granular cells in the kidney.
115	19019914	Plasma renin concentration (PRC; ng angiotensin I.ml(-1).h(-1)) was significantly reduced in mice with null mutations in IA-2, IA-2beta, or both IA-2 and IA-2beta compared with wild-type mice (876 +/- 113, 962 +/- 130, and 596 +/- 82 vs. 1,367 +/- 93; P < 0.01, P < 0.02, and P < 0.001).
116	19019914	IA-2 and IA-2beta expression did not colocalize with renin but showed overlapping immunoreactivity with tyrosine hydroxylase.
117	19019914	We conclude that IA-2 and IA-2beta are required to maintain normal levels of renin expression and renin release, most likely by permitting normal rates of catecholamine release from sympathetic nerve terminals.
118	21241234	An incomplete inhibition of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) may be responsible for the residual organ damage and event rate that still occur in spite of an apparent blood pressure control in patients with hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and heart failure treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB).
119	20948237	Renin exhibits profibrotic actions independent of angiotensin II, which is regulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2).
120	20948237	These data suggest that the addition of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) to therapy with ARB further reduced proteinuria by suppressing the compensatory increase in renin expression in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
121	20814220	In addition, high glucose stimulated angiotensinogen and renin expression, increased renin activity, and resulted in increased angiotensin II formation.
122	21314328	We used real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect mRNA expression of renin, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1), and Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2); western blot analysis for expression of ANG and AT1; and radioimmunoassay to measure Ang II production from MCs in the supernatants of culture media.
123	21314328	Visfatin treatments increased renin, angiotensinogen (AGT), AT1 mRNA, and AGT, AT1 protein expression, as well as Ang II levels in a dose-dependent manner but did not affect ACE and AT2 mRNA levels in cultured rat MCs.
124	19348236	Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) in the central nervous system (CNS) and therapeutical effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have been highlighted.
125	20519561	Beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) is a susceptibility locus for hypertension, and polymorphisms at this site relate to salt sensitivity and low plasma renin activity (PRA).
126	21543418	TGF-?1 and renin gene expression and protein were substantially increased in the WT diabetic mice but not in USF1 -/- diabetic mice.
127	21502972	Whether direct renin inhibitors will overcome some of the limitations of ACE-inhibitor and ARB therapy by blocking the deleterious effects of the RAAS remains to be proven.
128	21949629	Direct renin inhibitors (DRIs) inhibit plasma renin activity (PRA), thereby preventing the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I; consequently, the levels of both Ang I and Ang II are reduced.
129	21124341	RAS activity was assessed by plasma renin activity, and evaluation of the vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II (AngII) using the mean arterial pressure (MAP) response to an infusion of AngII.
130	21945916	The rate limiting enzyme is renin, which in the circulating RAS derives from the kidney to generate Ang II, which in turn regulates cardiovascular function by binding to AT(1) and AT(2) receptors on cardiac, renal and vascular cells.
131	21716327	In the setting of RAS activation by a low salt diet, multivariate regression analysis adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), gender, race, and hypertension status demonstrated an independent positive association of plasma renin activity (PRA) with CRP (? = 0.199, P < 0.001).
132	21873498	Further examination of the mechanisms of this salt-sensitive hypertension in LSD1(+/-) mice on the HS diet demonstrated that plasma renin activity and plasma levels and urinary excretion of aldosterone were less in LSD1(+/-) than WT, suggesting suppressed renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
133	21941204	Urinary renin, therefore, more closely reflects renal RAAS activity than urinary angiotensinogen or aldosterone.