Ignet

Gene Pair Information

Gene Pair: GCG, DPP4

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	9519708	The short duration of action of GLP-1 may be accounted for in part by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-IV), which cleaves GLP-1 at the NH2-terminus; hence GLP-1 analogs or the lizard peptide exendin-4 that are resistant to DPP-IV cleavage may be more potent GLP-1 molecules in vivo.
2	11289473	The effects of metformin on GLP-1(7-36)amide degradation in human plasma and in a buffer solution containing dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) were also studied.
3	11980629	Inhibitors of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-degrading enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), are being explored in the treatment of diabetes.
4	12675249	Even the effects of GLP-1 effects on the pancreatic islets may be partly neurally mediated and therefore uninfluenced by DPP-IV inhibition.
5	12808880	Hormone action is rapidly terminated by the N-terminal cleavage of GLP-1 at Ala2 by the aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).
6	12808880	The inhibition of endogenous GLP-1 degradation by reducing DPPIV activity is an alternative strategy for improving the incretin action of GLP-1 in vivo.
7	14514604	However, native GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by DPP-IV after parenteral administration; hence, degradation-resistant, long-acting GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are preferable agents for the chronic treatment of human diabetes.
8	15604213	In this study, we explored whether DPP-4 inhibition by valine-pyrrolidide (val-pyr; 100 micromol/kg administered through gastric gavage at t = -30 min) affects the insulin and glucose responses to iv glucose (1 g/kg) together with GLP-1 (10 nmol/kg), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; 10 nmol/kg), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38 (PACAP38; 1.3 nmol/kg), or gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP; 20 nmol/kg) given at t = 0 in anesthetized C57BL/6J mice.
9	15604213	We conclude that DPP-4 inhibition augments the insulin response not only to GLP-1 but also to GIP, PACAP38, and GRP.
10	15786905	A problem in developing this novel therapy is that GLP-1 is rapidly inactivated by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which results in a short half-life of the hormone requiring continuous infusion.
11	15770466	Their development is based on the observation that DPP-IV rapidly inactivates the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is released postprandially from the gut and increases insulin secretion.
12	15770466	DPP-IV inhibitors stabilise endogenous GLP-1 at physiological concentrations, and induce insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner; therefore, they do not demonstrate any hypoglycaemic effects.
13	15770466	In addition to their ability to protect GLP-1 against degradation, DPP-IV inhibitors also stabilise other incretins, including gastric inhibitory peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide.
14	15852457	The therapeutic utility of the native GLP-1 molecule is limited by its rapid enzymatic degradation by a serine protease termed dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV).
15	16050953	Unfortunately, the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP in the circulation brought about by dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) degradation makes their biological actions short-lived.
16	16050953	The results reveal that glycation of the N-terminus of GLP-1 or GIP stabilized both peptides against DPP-IV degradation.
17	16629719	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) or agents that bind to its receptor (exenatide, Byetta) or agents that inhibit its destruction [dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, Vildagliptin] improve insulin secretion, delay gastric emptying, and suppress glucagon secretion while decreasing food intake without increasing hypoglycemia.
18	16912128	Sitagliptin dose-dependently inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity over 24 h, enhanced active GLP-1 and GIP levels, increased insulin/C-peptide, decreased glucagon, and reduced glycemic excursion after OGTTs administered at 2 and 24 h after single oral 25- or 200-mg doses of sitagliptin.
19	17596103	Vildagliptin is likely to be a useful therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes based on the inhibition of DPP-4 and the subsequent increase in incretin hormones, GLP-1 and GIP, and the decrease in glucose and glucagon levels.
20	17904681	These data indicate decreased DPP-IV activity and GLP-1 degradation in type 2 diabetes.
21	18068977	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is an enzyme responsible for the inactivation of the glucoregulatory incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).
22	18284437	Plasma GLP-1 levels stimulated by meals were augmented by DPP-IV inhibition.
23	18284437	However, the increase in GLP-1 with DPP-IV inhibition was non-linear and maximized at 10 mg, a dose which resulted in about 75% weighted average DPP-IV inhibition over 24 h and a 2.3-fold increase in GLP-1 over placebo.
24	18284437	Moreover, even with near complete inhibition of DPP-IV for over 24 h at the highest PF-00734200 dose levels, the GLP-1 levels actually declined during the night compared with postdinner levels.
25	18427132	Studies using a DPP-4-resistant GLP-1R agonist and inhibitors of DPP-4 and nitric oxide synthase showed that the effects of GLP-1(7-36) were partly mediated by GLP-1(9-36) through a nitric oxide synthase-requiring mechanism that is independent of the known GLP-1R.
26	18331607	It is unclear whether increased GLP-1 concentrations achieved by inhibition of the inactivating enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) alter gastric volumes and satiation in people with type 2 diabetes.
27	19170358	Indeed, oral incretin enhancers acting as antagonists of the enzyme DPP-4 (dipeptidylpeptidase-4), which inactivates natural GLP-1,and injectable incretin mimetics (exenatide) or analogues (liraglutide), which reproduce the actions of GLP-1 while resisting to DPP-4, represent new opportunities to stimulate insulin secretion, without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia and weight gain.
28	19208898	Likewise, 1-day treatment with voglibose did not change plasma DPP-4 activity; however, it increased plasma active GLP-1 by 1.6- to 3.4-fold.
29	19418936	Vildagliptin (Galvus) is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted by L cells of the intestine.
30	19427871	Alogliptin dose dependently suppressed plasma DPP-4 activity leading to an increase in the plasma active form of GLP-1 and improved glucose excursion in N-STZ-1.5 rats.
31	19940419	Incretin-based therapy is either delivered orally (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPP-4]) inhibitors or injected subcutaneously (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] mimetics and analogues).
32	19952298	The administration of GLP-1 improves glycemic control, but GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).
33	20444936	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity by NVP-DPP728, a DPP-IV inhibitor, improves the therapeutic efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).
34	20470376	Novel glycemic control drugs, the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, work by inhibiting the inactivation of incretin hormones, GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).
35	19878257	However, GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which limits the clinical relevance of GLP-1 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
36	20151999	Alogliptin, voglibose and combination treatment decreased plasma DPP-4 activity by 72, 15 and additively by 80%, respectively, and increased plasma active GLP-1 levels by 4.5-, 1.8- and synergistically by 9.1-fold respectively.
37	20526441	Saxagliptin, a potent, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor specifically designed for extended inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme, causes increased endogenous GLP-1 concentration.
38	20519806	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, such as sitagliptin, increase active GLP-1 and GIP levels and improve hyperglycemia in a glucose-dependent fashion.
39	20708812	Since the launch of sitagliptin in 2006, a compelling body of evidence has accumulated showing that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which augment endogenous GLP-1 and GIP levels, represent an important advance in the management of T2DM.
40	20852989	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is rapidly cleaved by widely expressed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) enzyme.
41	20852989	DPP4-deficient rats had better preservation of cardiovascular function than wild-type rats during endotoxemia, which was correlated with a more prominent elevation of GLP-1 signaling.
42	20852989	In summary, this study demonstrated that the resistance to LPS in DPP4-deficient rats seems to be derived from the higher GLP-1 production, and exendin-4 prevents cardiac dysfunction in wild-type rats with endotoxemia.
43	20152998	The therapeutic potential of GLP-1 in diabetes is limited by rapid inactivation by the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4).
44	21264154	Hence, to prolong the duration of action of endogenous GLP-1, compounds have been synthesized which inhibit the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for metabolic degradation of GLP-1.
45	20043037	Incretin-based analogues have been developed to extend endogenous GLP-1 action (GLP-1 receptor agonists) and to hamper its degradation (DPP-4 inhibitors).
46	20043037	For example, GLP-1 receptor agonists deliver supraphysiologic levels of GLP-1 analogues designed to resist inactivation by DPP-4, whereas DPP-4 inhibition conserves native GLP-1 resulting in concentrations within the physiologic range.
47	21437074	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) prevents the inactivation of glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1).
48	21437082	DPP-4 inhibitors elevate plasma concentrations of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).
49	21437091	Advantages of these therapies include glucose-dependent enhancement of insulin secretion, infrequent instances of hypoglycemia, weight loss with GLP-1 receptor agonists, weight maintenance with DPP-IV inhibitors, decreased blood pressure, improvements in dyslipidemia, and potential beneficial effects on CV function.
50	21437121	Oral inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) raise the level of endogenous GLP-1 by inhibiting its clearance thereby lowering fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations.
51	21437125	Inhibition of DPP-4 elevates levels of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) by preventing their degradation.
52	21484567	Incretin-based therapies consist of two classes: (1) the injectable GLP-1 receptor agonists solely acting on the GLP-1 receptor and (2) dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) as oral medications raising endogenous GLP-1 and other hormone levels by inhibiting the degrading enzyme DPP-4.
53	21484567	GLP-1 receptor agonists allow weight loss; DPP-4 inhibitors are weight neutral.
54	21517657	Incretin-based treatments may improve beta cell function, and, while not indicated for these effects, GLP-1 receptor agonists may also promote satiety, reduce weight, slow gastric emptying, and possibly improve hypertension and triglyceride levels; these characteristics are absent with DPP-4 inhibitors.
55	21237153	Furthermore, GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce body weight, whereas DPP-4 inhibitors are body weight neutral.
56	21610015	GLP-1 agonists mimic the effect of this incretin, whereas DPP-4 inhibitors prevent the inactivation of the endogenously released hormone.
57	21233599	While GLP-1 agonists produce a weight loss, the DPP-4 inhibitors, conversely, appear to have a weight-neutral effect.
58	21332446	GLP-1, GIP, Liraglutide, N-AcGIP(Lys(37)Myr) (N-acetylGIP with myristic acid conjugated at Lys(37)), a simple combination of both peptides and a Lira-AcGIP preparation [overnight preparation of Liraglutide and N-AcGIP(Lys(37)Myr)] were incubated with DPP-IV (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV) to assess peptide stability, and BRIN-BD11 cells were used to evaluate cAMP production and insulin secretion.
59	21755761	By inhibiting DPP-4, vildagliptin causes an increase in GLP-1, an intestinal hormone that aids in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion.
60	21595280	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were available in Japan since the end of 2009, and incretin-based therapies including glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) mimetics are currently expected to be effective to Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
61	21665041	Incretin therapies are premised on 1 of 2 approaches: (1) augmenting the activity of the hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 (GLP-1 receptor agonists) and (2) inhibiting the degradation of GLP-1 by dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 (DPP-4 inhibitors).
62	21692471	Because native GLP-1 is degraded rapidly by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a more stable agonist of GLP-1 such as Exendin-4 is a preferred imaging agent.
63	21507182	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) by vildagliptin prevents degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and reduces glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with low risk for hypoglycaemia and no weight gain.
64	21641071	However, in vivo, the half-life of GLP-1 is short, which is caused by the degradation of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and renal clearance.
65	20887302	However, DPP-4 inhibitors appear to have less effect on beta-cell function than glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists.
66	22104467	In contrast, DPP-4 inhibitors work indirectly by inhibiting the enzymatic inactivation of native GLP-1, resulting in a modest increase in endogenous GLP-1 levels.