Ignet

Gene Pair Information

Gene Pair: GCK, INS

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	164620	The endocrine system plays a paramount role in glucokinase adaptation, since insulin is essential for glucose-dependent glucokinase induction and, on the other hand, glucagon, catecholamines and cyclic AMP prevent the induction.
2	729537	Insulin appeared to have a specific effect on the activities of glucokinase, ATP-citrate lyase, malic enzyme, and glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase.
3	6271617	The possible physiologic significance of these results is discussed, emphasizing the idea of dual control of glycolysis and insulin release by glucokinase and hexokinase.
4	6192127	Administration of insulin to diabetic rats produced an increase in the level of mRNA coding for glucokinase within 20 min and reached a maximum 13-fold increase 1 h following insulin treatment.
5	6364828	Decreased islet glucokinase would diminish islet glycolysis and would result in a higher set point of beta-cells for glucose-induced insulin release.
6	6323405	These data indicate that insulin regulates hepatic glucokinase synthesis in vivo by increasing glucokinase mRNA; its effect is reduced by the absence of glucocorticoids or thyroid hormones and is rapidly antagonized by cyclic AMP.
7	2662183	In addition, we determined that transcription of the glucokinase gene increased at least 20-fold when diabetic rats were treated with insulin for 2 hr.
8	2185104	Expression of this enzyme is differentially regulated; hepatic glucokinase is stimulated by insulin and repressed by cAMP, whereas beta-cell glucokinase activity is increased by glucose.
9	2189759	Glucokinase explains the capacity, hexose specificity, affinities, sigmoidicity, and anomeric preference of pancreatic islet glycolysis, and because stimulation of glucose metabolism is a prerequisite of glucose stimulation of insulin release, glucokinase also explains many characteristics of this beta-cell function.
10	2192715	Pioglitazone also corrected the abnormality in hepatic enzyme regulation by insulin of the fatty rats: glucose-6-phosphatase decreased and glucokinase increased, suggesting the increased response of the liver to insulin and the resultant suppression of HGP.
11	2210070	This conclusion supports the view that glucokinase is a key enzyme in the recognition of glucose as an insulin secretagogue in pancreatic islets.
12	2132182	It is proposed, therefore, that insulin deficiency may lead to a perturbation in either the intrinsic kinetic behaviour of glucokinase or the participation of its regulatory protein, independently of any change in glycemia.
13	1999433	We conclude that glucokinase expression in AtT20ins cells may be necessary, but is not sufficient to confer glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
14	1570017	Glucokinase is an enzyme that catalyses the formation of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose and may be involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and integration of hepatic intermediary metabolism.
15	1354782	These results suggest that mutant GCK may lead to chronic hyperglycaemia by raising the threshold of circulating glucose level which induces insulin secretion.
16	1360036	These findings suggest that the glucokinase mutation raises the set-point of pancreatic beta cells for glucose-induced insulin secretion, leading to abnormal glucose tolerance in some patients with late-onset NIDDM.
17	8446612	The glycolytic enzyme glucokinase plays an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion and recent studies have shown that mutations in the human glucokinase gene are a common cause of an autosomal dominant form of non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) that has an onset often during childhood.
18	7688320	However, the induction of glucokinase mRNA and repression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA by dietary glucose or insulin were impaired in the fatty rats, whereas fructose caused a similar decrease in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA in both types of rats.
19	8325892	Glucokinase plays a key role in the regulation of glucose metabolism in insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells and in the liver.
20	8111860	Insulin also stimulates the synthesis of glucokinase and moderates the degree of gluconeogenesis.
21	7510884	Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate by glucokinase (GK; EC 2.7.1.2) serves as a glucose-sensing mechanism for regulating insulin secretion in beta cells.
22	8168650	In two subjects with glucokinase mutations, which resulted in only a small reduction in enzymatic activity, the decrease in insulin secretion was directly proportional to the decrease in GK flux predicted using a Michaelis-Menten model for both mutant and wild-type glucokinase.
23	8168650	However, in four subjects with glucokinase mutations, which resulted in severe reductions in enzymatic activity, insulin secretion was reduced compared with control subjects but less than predicted.
24	8040280	In summary, the beta-cell sensitivity for glucose was increased in these normoglycemic insulin resistant rats by an enhanced catalytic activity of glucokinase.
25	8040280	We have identified a regulatory system for glucokinase in the beta-cell which entails variable catalytic activity of the enzyme, is modulated in response to variations in whole-body insulin sensitivity, and is not dependent on sustained changes in the plasma glucose level.
26	7926284	It remains unclear whether decreased pancreatic glucokinase activity will produce defects of insulin secretion similar to those observed in NIDDM.
27	7926284	Glucosamine (5 mmol/l) reduced glucokinase activity in islet homogenate and diminished the insulin response to glucose (200 mg/dl) by isolated islets, whereas the response to arginine (20 mmol/l at 100 mg/dl glucose) was unaffected.
28	7664533	These findings suggested that thyroid hormone and glucagon-cyclic AMP suppress, and glibenclamide increases the GKmRNA level in cultured rat islet cells, and that insulin, cyclic GMP and vanadate differentially affect glucokinase gene expression in pancreatic islet cells and in the liver.
29	7885286	Although flux through gluconeogenic/glycolytic pathways involves regulation of many enzymes, we presently report the effects of insulin on expression of two key enzymes in these metabolic pathways, ie, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucokinase (GK).
30	8692940	Liver glucokinase catalyzes the first committed step in the disposal of glucose, and beta-cell glucokinase catalyzes a rate-limiting step required for glucose-regulated insulin release.
31	10990085	Altered fetal insulin secretion caused by fetal or maternal glucokinase mutations influence birth weight.
32	11289470	Unexpectedly, a variant in the 3' untranslated region of the GCK gene interacted significantly with BMI to predict insulin sensitivity.
33	11833461	In the liver, when the diet is rich in carbohydrates, insulin is secreted and stimulates the expression of genes involved in glucose utilization (glucokinase, L-pyruvate kinase, lipogenic enzymes) and inhibits genes involved in glucose production (phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase).
34	12697773	Second, this normalization occurred despite very low levels of liver glucokinase expression in the insulin-deficient STZ-injected rats.
35	14517946	Given its central role in the regulation of insulin release, it is understandable that mutations in the gene encoding glucokinase (GCK) can cause both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
36	14500548	Since glucokinase expression in skeletal muscle of transgenic mice increases glucose phosphorylation, we examined whether such mice counteract the obesity and insulin resistance induced by 12 wk of a high-fat diet.
37	14505487	Previous work showed that acute stimulation of a conditionally active protein kinase B (PKB or cAKT) was sufficient to elicit insulin-like induction of GCK (glucokinase) and SREBP1 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1) in hepatocytes [Iynedjian, Roth, Fleischmann and Gjinovci (2000) Biochem.
38	14505487	This resulted in the inhibition of insulin-dependent increases in GCK and SREBP1 mRNAs.
39	14505487	A PKB-CaaX fusion protein, which can act as a dominant-negative inhibitor of PKB activation in other cells, was shown to be constitutively activated in hepatocytes and to trigger insulin-like induction of GCK and SREBP1.
40	14505487	The stimulation of gene expression by constitutively active PKB-CaaX and inhibition of the insulin effect by ceramide are compatible with a role for PKB in the insulin-dependent induction of GCK and SREBP1.
41	16173921	Glucokinase acts as the pancreatic glucose sensor and plays a critical role in the regulation of insulin secretion by the beta-cell.
42	16822955	Although beta-cell-related gene expression (PDX-1, proinsulin I, GLUT2, glucokinase, amylin) and function (insulin content and secretion) are slightly reduced during p8 overexpression, removal of IPTG reverses beta-cell function within 24 h to normal levels.
43	16980436	The glucose sensor enzyme glucokinase plays a pivotal role in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells.
44	17264162	Insulin activates the glucokinase gene from plasma membrane-standing IR-B, while c-fos gene activation is dependent on clathrin-mediated IR-B-endocytosis and signaling from early endosomes.
45	17287461	A higher glucokinase enzyme activity accompanied by an improved glucose-induced insulin secretion indicated the integration of ECFP-glucokinase into the functional pool of glucokinase protein in MIN6-ECFP-glucokinase cells.
46	17287461	Interestingly, glucokinase was also colocalized with kinesin, a motor protein involved in insulin secretory granule movement.
47	17938503	In mature beta-cells, PDX-1 transactivates the insulin and other genes involved in glucose sensing and metabolism such as GLUT2 and glucokinase.
48	18034843	We also investigated the in vitro efficacy of a glucokinase activator (GKA) on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in gk(del/wt)mouse islets.
49	20161845	Glucokinase (GK) is expressed in multiple organs and plays a key role in hepatic glucose metabolism and pancreatic insulin secretion.
50	17768029	Alloxan-induced diabetes is thus a multifactor-promoted diabetes model which still could be used to examine the antidiabetic effects of compounds prompting insulin secretion and increasing liver-specific glucokinase activity.
51	19790256	Given its central role in the regulation of insulin release it is understandable that mutations in the gene encoding glucokinase (GCK) can cause both hyper- and hypoglycemia.
52	19741163	Our data suggest that variation in GCK and G6PC2 have additive effects on both fasting glucose and insulin secretion.
53	19576699	An impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion--reflecting decreased glucokinase expression--and a moderate decrease in beta cell mass attributable to increased apoptosis, constitute the key features of beta cell failure in type 2 diabetes.
54	20061534	Knockdown of PI3K-C2alpha expression and subsequent reduction of PKBalpha/Akt1 activity in the pancreatic beta-cell impaired glucose-stimulated insulin release, at least in part, due to reduced glucokinase expression and increased AS160 activity.
55	19779253	Gck and COX7A1 are the 2 examples in the present review to elucidate the epigenetic influence on the onset of diabetes. miRNAs are additional promising cellular components influencing both at transcriptional and translational levels and promoting either in favour or against (i.e., feed back) TFs, signaling factors and proteins through their pliotropic effects and thus are reported to regulate cellular physiology. miR-124a and miR-9 are primarily endemic to nervous tissue and they are now being exploited in islets for their function in executing exocytosis of insulin, which of course is one of the fundamental canons of diabetes. miR-375 persuades beta cells for glucose-induced insulin gene expression.
56	20878480	Glucokinase is a key enzyme involved in regulating insulin secretion from the pancreatic �-cell.
57	19486109	Glucokinase (GK) in pancreatic beta cells is thought to be involved in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.
58	21484579	Consequently, they stimulate insulin biosynthesis and secretion, enhance hepatic glucose uptake, and augment glucose metabolism and related processes in other glucokinase-expressing cells.
59	20185807	Abnormalities in early insulin secretion were suggested in glucose-raising allele carriers at MTNR1B, GCK, FADS1, DGKB, and PROX1 (lower insulinogenic index; no association with proinsulin or insulin sensitivity).
60	21115832	Here, we identify 9cRA in mouse pancreas by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), and show that 9cRA decreases with feeding and after glucose dosing and varies inversely with serum insulin. 9cRA reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in mouse islets and in the rat ?-cell line 832/13 within 15 min by reducing glucose transporter type 2 (Glut2) and glucokinase (GK) activities. 9cRA also reduces Pdx-1 and HNF4? mRNA expression, ?8- and 80-fold, respectively: defects in Pdx-1 or HNF4? cause maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY4 and 1, respectively), as does a defective GK gene (MODY2).
61	20817212	Glucokinase regulates insulin secretion via phosphorylation of glucose.
62	16936209	RNA of Pdx-1, Glut-2, and Gck was detectable by RT-PCR in whole thymus but not in the clones, suggesting thymic proinsulin expression is Pdx-1 independent and that Pdx-1, Glut-2, and Gck are likely expressed in the thymus as antigens, not as regulatory molecules.
63	21395400	Forced expression (between days 16 and 25) of MafA, a pancreatic maturation factor, resulted in enhanced expression of insulin genes, glucose transporter 2 and glucokinase, and glucose-responsive insulin secretion.
64	21519329	OSM in turn attenuated insulin-dependent Akt activation and, as a downstream target, glucokinase induction in hepatocytes, most likely by inducing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3).
65	21571864	Glucokinase (GK) plays a critical role in controlling blood glucose; GK activators have been shown to stimulate insulin secretion acutely both in vitro and in vivo.
66	21994424	OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of MK-0941, a glucokinase activator (GKA), when added to stable-dose insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes.