Gene Information
Gene symbol: PTEN
Gene name: phosphatase and tensin homolog
HGNC ID: 9588
Synonyms: MMAC1, TEP1, PTEN1
Related Genes
| # | Gene Symbol | Number of hits |
| 1 | ATM | 1 hits |
| 2 | BRCA1 | 1 hits |
| 3 | BRCA2 | 1 hits |
| 4 | MLH1 | 1 hits |
| 5 | TP53 | 1 hits |
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 9345101 | The role of MMAC1 mutations in early-onset breast cancer: causative in association with Cowden syndrome and excluded in BRCA1-negative cases. |
| 2 | 9509273 | Within the past few years, a number of genes associated with a high risk of breast cancer have been identified, including BRCA1, BRCA2, p53, and the Cowden disease gene PTEN/MMAC1. |
| 3 | 9509273 | These genes appear to function as tumor suppressors, and although their mutation frequency in the general population is low, certain populations have a carrier frequency of up to 1% for particular BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. |
| 4 | 9579377 | Two genes, called BRCA-1 and BRCA-2, have been identified that appear to be responsible for the majority of familial breast cancer syndromes. |
| 5 | 9579377 | Additional genes, PTEN (Cowden disease), MSH1 or MLH2 (HNPCC), and p53 (Li-Fraumeni syndrome) are responsible for other breast cancer syndromes but have not yet entered the clinical arena on a large scale. |
| 6 | 9579377 | The cancer risks associated with BRCA-2 mutations appear to be somewhat lower than those of BRCA-1. |
| 7 | 9699648 | The tumor cell line is marked by multiple additional genetic changes including a high degree of aneuploidy, an acquired mutation of TP53 with wild-type allele loss, an acquired homozygous deletion of the PTEN gene, and loss of heterozygosity at multiple loci known to be involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. |
| 8 | 9973246 | We review many of the molecular events important in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, including inherited abnormalities in BRCA-1 and BRCA-2, p53, ATM, and PTEN and sporadic alterations in growth factors and their receptors, signal transduction, cell cycle control, DNA repair, cell death, angiogenesis, and invasion and metastasis. |
| 9 | 10030809 | Recent advances in molecular biology, however, have shown that hereditary breast cancer may eventuate as a result of mutations on several specific gene loci including BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM gene, PTEN and p53. |
| 10 | 10030809 | Several other less frequently occurring predisposition genes such as the androgen receptor gene (AR), the HNPCC genes and the oestrogen receptor gene may also be involved, but to a lesser extent. |
| 11 | 10030809 | Overall, approximately 5-10% of all breast cancers are thought to involve one of these inherited predisposition genes, with BRCA1 and BRCA2 being responsible for as much as 90% of this group. |