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PMID |
Sentence |
| 1 |
18653623
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Insulin-like growth factor-1 delays Fas-mediated apoptosis in human neutrophils through the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway.
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| 2 |
18653623
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We previously showed that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) delays spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis without influencing the secretion of cytokines by these cells.
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| 3 |
18653623
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We show that IGF1 delays neutrophil apoptosis triggered by the agonistic anti-Fas antibody CH11 and that the effect of IGF1 is comparable in magnitude to that of the acknowledged anti-apoptotic cytokines interferon-gamma (IFNG) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; now known as CSF2).
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| 4 |
18653623
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IGF1 did not affect Fas expression or activation by anti-Fas of caspase-8, but inhibited the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane.
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| 5 |
18653623
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Inhibitor studies indicate that the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway, but not the MEK-ERK pathway, mediates the effects of IGF1.
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| 6 |
18653623
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However, in contrast to CSF2, IGF1 did not induce phosphorylation and translocation to the membrane of AKT, the canonical downstream target of PI3K.
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| 7 |
18653623
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We therefore speculate that other downstream targets of PI3K are involved in the delay of neutrophil apoptosis by IGF1, possibly through stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane.
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| 8 |
23071669
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These included five that were common to both ages (TNF, HNF4A, IL15, Progesterone, and YWHAZ), and others that were unique to 2 weeks (e.g.
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| 9 |
23071669
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MYC/MYCN, TGFB1, and IL2) and to 4 weeks (e.g.
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| 10 |
23071669
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IFNG, beta-estradiol, p53, NFKB, AKT, PRKCA, IL12, and HLA-C).
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| 11 |
23071669
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Based on the literature, genes that may play a role in regulating metabolic pathways at 2 weeks include Myc and HNF4A, and at 4 weeks, beta-estradiol, p53, Akt, HNF4A and AR.
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| 12 |
23071669
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These included five that were common to both ages (TNF, HNF4A, IL15, Progesterone, and YWHAZ), and others that were unique to 2 weeks (e.g.
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| 13 |
23071669
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MYC/MYCN, TGFB1, and IL2) and to 4 weeks (e.g.
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| 14 |
23071669
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IFNG, beta-estradiol, p53, NFKB, AKT, PRKCA, IL12, and HLA-C).
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| 15 |
23071669
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Based on the literature, genes that may play a role in regulating metabolic pathways at 2 weeks include Myc and HNF4A, and at 4 weeks, beta-estradiol, p53, Akt, HNF4A and AR.
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| 16 |
23668260
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The infected mice displayed a significant up-regulation in the expression of chemokines (Cxcl1, Cxcl2 and Ccl2), numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines (Ifng, Il1b, Il6, and Il17f), as well as Il22 and a number of anti-microbial peptides (Defa1, Defa28, Defb1, Slpi and Reg3g) at the site(s) of infection.
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| 17 |
23668260
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However, CD4 T cells of the untreated and C. difficile-infected mice expressed similar levels of CD69 and CD25.
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| 18 |
23668260
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Neither tissue had up-regulated levels of Tbx21, Gata3 or Rorc.
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| 19 |
23668260
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They also displayed significantly higher phosphorylation of AKT and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an indication of pro-survival signalling.
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| 20 |
23668260
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These data underscore the local, innate, pro-inflammatory nature of the response to C. difficile and highlight eIF2α phosphorylation and the interleukin-22-pSTAT3-RegIIIγ axis as two of the pathways that could be used to contain and counteract the damage inflicted on the intestinal epithelium.
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| 21 |
24012778
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In addition, primary porcine trophectoderm (pTr) cells treated with EGF exhibited increased abundance of phosphorylated (p)-AKT1, p-ERK1/2 MAPK and p-P90RSK over basal levels within 5min, and effect that was maintained to between 30 and 120min.
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| 22 |
24012778
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Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed abundant amounts of p-ERK1/2 MAPK and p-AKT1 proteins in the nucleus and, to a lesser extent, in the cytoplasm of pTr cells treated with EGF as compared to control cells.
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| 23 |
24012778
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Furthermore, the abundance of p-AKT1 and p-ERK1/2 MAPK proteins was inhibited in control and EGF-treated pTr cells transfected with EGFR siRNA.
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| 24 |
24012778
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Compared to the control siRNA transfected pTr cells, pTr cells transfected with EGFR siRNA exhibited an increase in expression of IFND and TGFB1, but there was no effect of expression of IFNG.
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| 25 |
24012778
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Further, EGF stimulated proliferation and migration of pTr cells through activation of the PI3K-AKT1 and ERK1/2 MAPK-P90RSK cell signaling pathways.
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