Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: CXCL10

Gene name: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10

HGNC ID: 10637

Synonyms: IFI10, IP-10, crg-2, mob-1, C7, gIP-10

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ARPC2	1 hits
2	CCL2	1 hits
3	CCL3	1 hits
4	CCL5	1 hits
5	CCL7	1 hits
6	CCT7	1 hits
7	CD47	1 hits
8	CD69	1 hits
9	CLEC11A	1 hits
10	CSF2	1 hits
11	CSF3	1 hits
12	CXCL11	1 hits
13	CXCL12	1 hits
14	CXCL5	1 hits
15	CXCL9	1 hits
16	CXCR3	1 hits
17	FCN1	1 hits
18	GADD45G	1 hits
19	GORASP1	1 hits
20	HSPH1	1 hits
21	IFI27	1 hits
22	IFI6	1 hits
23	IFNA1	1 hits
24	IFNA2	1 hits
25	IFNAR1	1 hits
26	IFNB1	1 hits
27	IFNG	1 hits
28	IL10	1 hits
29	IL12A	1 hits
30	IL12B	1 hits
31	IL12RB1	1 hits
32	IL13	1 hits
33	IL1A	1 hits
34	IL1B	1 hits
35	IL2	1 hits
36	IL4	1 hits
37	IL5	1 hits
38	IL6	1 hits
39	IL8	1 hits
40	IRF6	1 hits
41	IRF9	1 hits
42	ISG15	1 hits
43	MX1	1 hits
44	NFKBIA	1 hits
45	NOS2A	1 hits
46	OAS2	1 hits
47	PID1	1 hits
48	PPARA	1 hits
49	SARS	1 hits
50	SCARB2	1 hits
51	SOCS1	1 hits
52	STAT1	1 hits
53	STAT2	1 hits
54	STAT4	1 hits
55	TGFB1	1 hits
56	TH1L	1 hits
57	TLR3	1 hits
58	TNF	1 hits
59	TNFAIP6	1 hits
60	XCL1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	12508169	Cytokines produced by type 2 Th (Th2) lymphocytes, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13), predominate in membranous GN and in minimal change disease.
2	12508169	Interactions between IP-10/CXCL10, Mig/CXCL9 and I-TAC/CXCL11 and their shared receptor, CXCR3, seem to be responsible not only for Th1 cell infiltration in acute allograft rejection and in proliferative GN, but also for mesangial cell proliferation typical of the latter condition.
3	12508169	Moreover, in the kidneys of subjects suffering from chronic allograft nephropathy, IP-10/CXCL10, Mig/CXCL9 and I-TAC/CXCL11 have been found to be produced by and to act on the proxymal tubular epithelial cells, endothelial cells and smooth muscle vessel cells, suggesting their possible role in both the genesis of tubular atrophy and allograft artheriosclerosis.
4	12508169	Cytokines produced by type 2 Th (Th2) lymphocytes, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13), predominate in membranous GN and in minimal change disease.
5	12508169	Interactions between IP-10/CXCL10, Mig/CXCL9 and I-TAC/CXCL11 and their shared receptor, CXCR3, seem to be responsible not only for Th1 cell infiltration in acute allograft rejection and in proliferative GN, but also for mesangial cell proliferation typical of the latter condition.
6	12508169	Moreover, in the kidneys of subjects suffering from chronic allograft nephropathy, IP-10/CXCL10, Mig/CXCL9 and I-TAC/CXCL11 have been found to be produced by and to act on the proxymal tubular epithelial cells, endothelial cells and smooth muscle vessel cells, suggesting their possible role in both the genesis of tubular atrophy and allograft artheriosclerosis.
7	15661146	The most noteworthy changes in gene expression mainly affected the transcriptional network regulated by interferons (IFNs), including both IFN-alpha/beta-inducible genes (STAT1, STAT2, ISGF3G/IRF9, IFI27, G1P3, G1P2, OAS2, MX1) and IFN-gamma-inducible genes (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11).
8	15661146	Interesting, upregulation of IFN-alpha/beta-inducible genes (but not IFN-gamma-inducible genes) was independent of histological scores (grade and stage of fibrosis) and HCV characteristics (hepatic HCV mRNA levels and the HCV genotype), and was specific to HCV (as compared to hepatitis B virus (HBV)).
9	15661146	Other genes dysregulated in F1-CH-C, albeit less markedly than IFN-alpha/beta- and IFN-gamma-inducible genes, were mainly involved in the activation of lymphocytes infiltrating the liver (IFNG, TNF, CXCL6, IL6, CCL8, CXCR3, CXCR4, CCR2), cell proliferation (p16/CDKN2A, MKI67, p14/ARF), extracellular matrix remodeling (MMP9, ITGA2), lymphangiogenesis (XLKD1/LYVE), oxidative stress (CYP2E1), and cytoskeleton microtubule organization (STMN2/SCG10).
10	17337057	Seven genes identified by suppression subtractive hybridization as up-regulated in the mesenteric lymph nodes at 24h (h) post-inoculation (p.i.) in serovar Choleraesuis-infected pigs (ARPC2, CCT7, HSPH1, LCP1, PTMA, SDCBP, VCP) and three genes in serovar Typhimurium-infected pigs (CD47/IAP, CXCL10, SCARB2) were analyzed by real-time PCR at 8h, 24 h, 48 h, 7 days (d) and 21 d p.i.
11	17337057	(IFNG, IL12A, IL4, IL8, CSF2) coincided with extended transcriptional activation throughout the 21 d infection (IFNG, INDO, SOCS1, STAT1, IL1B, IL6, IL8, SLC11A1).
12	17337057	The serovar Typhimurium-infected swine presented a more transient induction of immune-related genes (IFNG, INDO, IRF1, SOCS1, STAT1, IL1B, IL8, SLC11A1) early in the infection (24-48 h) followed by a significant repression of IL12A, IL12B, IL4, IL8 and CSF2.
13	18632870	Interestingly, in SARS-CoV-infected aged mice, a subset of genes, including Tnfa, Il6, Ccl2, Ccl3, Cxcl10, and Ifng, was induced in a biphasic pattern that correlated with peak viral replication and a subsequent influx of lymphocytes and severe histopathologic changes in the lungs.
14	19139386	Interferon-gamma and the interferon-inducible chemokine CXCL10 protect against aneurysm formation and rupture.
15	19800444	Using real-time PCR array analysis, we could show that a group of 13 common cytokine genes are activated in the vagina within 24h after vaginal administration of these adjuvants, including Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl12, Ccl19, Ccl20, Ccl22, Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Il10 and the Th1-inducing molecules Ifng, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Cxcl11.
16	20027288	Allergen challenge induces Ifng dependent GTPases in the lungs as part of a Th1 transcriptome response in a murine model of allergic asthma.
17	20027288	Consistent with our hypothesis, RWE challenge concurrently upregulated Th1-associated early target genes of the Il12/Stat4 pathway, such as p47 and p65 GTPases (Iigp, Tgtp and Gbp1), Socs1, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Gadd45g with the Th2 genes Il4, Il5, Ccl2 and Ccl7.
18	20027288	Augmentation of the local Th1 milieu by administration of Il12 or CpG prior to RWE challenge further upregulated these Th1 genes.
19	20027288	Abolition of the Th1 response by disrupting the Ifng gene increased allergic airway inflammation and abrogated RWE challenge-induced upregulation of GTPases, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Socs1, but not Gadd45g.
20	20027288	Our data demonstrate that allergen challenge induces two sets of Th1-associated genes in the lungs: 1) Ifng-dependent genes such as p47 and p65 GTPases, Socs1, Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 and 2) Ifng-independent Th1-inducing genes like Gadd45g.
21	20027288	Allergen challenge induces Ifng dependent GTPases in the lungs as part of a Th1 transcriptome response in a murine model of allergic asthma.
22	20027288	Consistent with our hypothesis, RWE challenge concurrently upregulated Th1-associated early target genes of the Il12/Stat4 pathway, such as p47 and p65 GTPases (Iigp, Tgtp and Gbp1), Socs1, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Gadd45g with the Th2 genes Il4, Il5, Ccl2 and Ccl7.
23	20027288	Augmentation of the local Th1 milieu by administration of Il12 or CpG prior to RWE challenge further upregulated these Th1 genes.
24	20027288	Abolition of the Th1 response by disrupting the Ifng gene increased allergic airway inflammation and abrogated RWE challenge-induced upregulation of GTPases, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Socs1, but not Gadd45g.
25	20027288	Our data demonstrate that allergen challenge induces two sets of Th1-associated genes in the lungs: 1) Ifng-dependent genes such as p47 and p65 GTPases, Socs1, Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 and 2) Ifng-independent Th1-inducing genes like Gadd45g.
26	20027288	Allergen challenge induces Ifng dependent GTPases in the lungs as part of a Th1 transcriptome response in a murine model of allergic asthma.
27	20027288	Consistent with our hypothesis, RWE challenge concurrently upregulated Th1-associated early target genes of the Il12/Stat4 pathway, such as p47 and p65 GTPases (Iigp, Tgtp and Gbp1), Socs1, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Gadd45g with the Th2 genes Il4, Il5, Ccl2 and Ccl7.
28	20027288	Augmentation of the local Th1 milieu by administration of Il12 or CpG prior to RWE challenge further upregulated these Th1 genes.
29	20027288	Abolition of the Th1 response by disrupting the Ifng gene increased allergic airway inflammation and abrogated RWE challenge-induced upregulation of GTPases, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Socs1, but not Gadd45g.
30	20027288	Our data demonstrate that allergen challenge induces two sets of Th1-associated genes in the lungs: 1) Ifng-dependent genes such as p47 and p65 GTPases, Socs1, Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 and 2) Ifng-independent Th1-inducing genes like Gadd45g.
31	21176971	MHYO infection significantly (P<0.05) stimulated innate cytokines, IL1B and IL8.
32	21176971	PCV2 infection significantly stimulated expression of IFNG, IL8, NOS2A and chemokines CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10.
33	21176971	IFNB, IL1B and IL12 were slightly increased with PCV2 infection and IFNA and IL4 were significantly downregulated.
34	21176971	Compared to NEG pigs, coinfection resulted in a significant increase in expression of IFNG, IL1B, IL8, CCL5, CXCL10, and weak stimulation of IFNB, IL6 and IL10; IL13 and IFNA were significantly downregulated.
35	21176971	Overall MHYO potentiated PCV2 infection by increasing IFNG and IL10 mRNA expression levels.
36	21176971	MHYO infection significantly (P<0.05) stimulated innate cytokines, IL1B and IL8.
37	21176971	PCV2 infection significantly stimulated expression of IFNG, IL8, NOS2A and chemokines CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10.
38	21176971	IFNB, IL1B and IL12 were slightly increased with PCV2 infection and IFNA and IL4 were significantly downregulated.
39	21176971	Compared to NEG pigs, coinfection resulted in a significant increase in expression of IFNG, IL1B, IL8, CCL5, CXCL10, and weak stimulation of IFNB, IL6 and IL10; IL13 and IFNA were significantly downregulated.
40	21176971	Overall MHYO potentiated PCV2 infection by increasing IFNG and IL10 mRNA expression levels.
41	21404309	Genes identified in these functional categories, such as Ccl21c, Cxcl9, Cxcl10, Ifng and Il12rb1, were found to have functional relevance.
42	21628330	Improved host defense against septic peritonitis in mice lacking MyD88 and TRIF is linked to a normal interferon response.
43	21628330	The signaling adapters MyD88 and TRIF are engaged by TLRs and/or receptors of the IL-1 family and are considered important for innate immune responses that combat bacterial infections.
44	21628330	Here, the consequences of a combined MyD88 and TRIF deficiency for the innate immune response against severe septic peritonitis was examined.
45	21628330	We demonstrate that Myd88(-/-);Trif(Lps2/Lps2) mice had markedly reduced bacterial numbers in the peritoneal cavity and peripheral blood, indicating that bacterial clearance in this model is improved in the absence of MyD88/TRIF signals.
46	21628330	The lack of MyD88/TRIF signaling prevented the excessive production of inflammatory cytokines and of IL-10.
47	21628330	In contrast, Ifng mRNA was expressed at WT levels, and induction of Ifnb mRNA was reduced only by one-half.
48	21628330	Consistent with these findings, numerous IFN-regulated genes, including p47 and p65 GTPases, as well as CXCL10, were expressed in a MyD88/TRIF-independent manner.
49	21628330	The production of p47 GTPases and CXCL10 in septic peritonitis was found to be dependent on the presence of IFNAR1, but not IFN-γ, indicating a normal induction of the type I IFN response in Myd88(-/-);Trif(Lps2/Lps2) mice, despite attenuated IFN-β production.
50	21628330	Together, these results provide evidence that in severe septic peritonitis, the absence of MyD88 and TRIF balances the innate immune response in a favorable manner by attenuating deleterious responses such as excessive cytokine release, while leaving intact protective IFN responses.
51	21628330	Improved host defense against septic peritonitis in mice lacking MyD88 and TRIF is linked to a normal interferon response.
52	21628330	The signaling adapters MyD88 and TRIF are engaged by TLRs and/or receptors of the IL-1 family and are considered important for innate immune responses that combat bacterial infections.
53	21628330	Here, the consequences of a combined MyD88 and TRIF deficiency for the innate immune response against severe septic peritonitis was examined.
54	21628330	We demonstrate that Myd88(-/-);Trif(Lps2/Lps2) mice had markedly reduced bacterial numbers in the peritoneal cavity and peripheral blood, indicating that bacterial clearance in this model is improved in the absence of MyD88/TRIF signals.
55	21628330	The lack of MyD88/TRIF signaling prevented the excessive production of inflammatory cytokines and of IL-10.
56	21628330	In contrast, Ifng mRNA was expressed at WT levels, and induction of Ifnb mRNA was reduced only by one-half.
57	21628330	Consistent with these findings, numerous IFN-regulated genes, including p47 and p65 GTPases, as well as CXCL10, were expressed in a MyD88/TRIF-independent manner.
58	21628330	The production of p47 GTPases and CXCL10 in septic peritonitis was found to be dependent on the presence of IFNAR1, but not IFN-γ, indicating a normal induction of the type I IFN response in Myd88(-/-);Trif(Lps2/Lps2) mice, despite attenuated IFN-β production.
59	21628330	Together, these results provide evidence that in severe septic peritonitis, the absence of MyD88 and TRIF balances the innate immune response in a favorable manner by attenuating deleterious responses such as excessive cytokine release, while leaving intact protective IFN responses.
60	22345648	The production of M. tuberculosis and purified protein derivative-induced IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was reduced in a DEP dose-dependent manner.
61	22345648	Furthermore, DEP stimulation prior to M. tuberculosis infection altered the expression of TLR3, -4, -7, and -10 mRNAs and of a subset of M. tuberculosis-induced host genes including inhibition of expression of many NF-κB (e.g., CSF3, IFNG, IFNA, IFNB, IL1A, IL6, and NFKBIA) and IFN regulatory factor (e.g., IFNG, IFNA1, IFNB1, and CXCL10) pathway target genes.
62	22345648	We propose that DEP downregulate M. tuberculosis-induced host gene expression via MyD88-dependent (IL6, IL1A, and PTGS2) as well as MyD88-independent (IFNA, IFNB) pathways.
63	22378921	β (CCL2) and α (CXCL10) chemokine modulations by cytokines and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
64	22378921	No data are present in the literature about the effect of cytokines on the prototype β chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) or of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα (PPARA)) activation on CCL2 and CXCL10 chemokines secretion in fibroblasts or preadipocytes in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).
65	22378921	We have tested the effect of interferon γ (IFNγ (IFNG)) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) on CCL2, and for comparison on the prototype α chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), and the possible modulatory role of PPARα activation on secretion of these chemokines in normal and GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes in primary cell cultures.
66	22378921	PPARα activators were able to inhibit the secretion of CXCL10 and CCL2, while PPARγ activators were confirmed to be able to inhibit CXCL10 but had no effect on CCL2.
67	22378921	In conclusion, CCL2 and CXCL10 are modulated by IFNγ and TNFα in GO.
68	22378921	PPARα activators inhibit the secretion of the main prototype α (CXCL10) and β (CCL2) chemokines in GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes, suggesting that PPARα may be involved in the modulation of the immune response in GO.
69	22378921	β (CCL2) and α (CXCL10) chemokine modulations by cytokines and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
70	22378921	No data are present in the literature about the effect of cytokines on the prototype β chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) or of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα (PPARA)) activation on CCL2 and CXCL10 chemokines secretion in fibroblasts or preadipocytes in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).
71	22378921	We have tested the effect of interferon γ (IFNγ (IFNG)) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) on CCL2, and for comparison on the prototype α chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), and the possible modulatory role of PPARα activation on secretion of these chemokines in normal and GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes in primary cell cultures.
72	22378921	PPARα activators were able to inhibit the secretion of CXCL10 and CCL2, while PPARγ activators were confirmed to be able to inhibit CXCL10 but had no effect on CCL2.
73	22378921	In conclusion, CCL2 and CXCL10 are modulated by IFNγ and TNFα in GO.
74	22378921	PPARα activators inhibit the secretion of the main prototype α (CXCL10) and β (CCL2) chemokines in GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes, suggesting that PPARα may be involved in the modulation of the immune response in GO.
75	22378921	β (CCL2) and α (CXCL10) chemokine modulations by cytokines and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
76	22378921	No data are present in the literature about the effect of cytokines on the prototype β chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) or of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα (PPARA)) activation on CCL2 and CXCL10 chemokines secretion in fibroblasts or preadipocytes in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).
77	22378921	We have tested the effect of interferon γ (IFNγ (IFNG)) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) on CCL2, and for comparison on the prototype α chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), and the possible modulatory role of PPARα activation on secretion of these chemokines in normal and GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes in primary cell cultures.
78	22378921	PPARα activators were able to inhibit the secretion of CXCL10 and CCL2, while PPARγ activators were confirmed to be able to inhibit CXCL10 but had no effect on CCL2.
79	22378921	In conclusion, CCL2 and CXCL10 are modulated by IFNγ and TNFα in GO.
80	22378921	PPARα activators inhibit the secretion of the main prototype α (CXCL10) and β (CCL2) chemokines in GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes, suggesting that PPARα may be involved in the modulation of the immune response in GO.
81	22378921	β (CCL2) and α (CXCL10) chemokine modulations by cytokines and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
82	22378921	No data are present in the literature about the effect of cytokines on the prototype β chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) or of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα (PPARA)) activation on CCL2 and CXCL10 chemokines secretion in fibroblasts or preadipocytes in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).
83	22378921	We have tested the effect of interferon γ (IFNγ (IFNG)) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) on CCL2, and for comparison on the prototype α chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), and the possible modulatory role of PPARα activation on secretion of these chemokines in normal and GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes in primary cell cultures.
84	22378921	PPARα activators were able to inhibit the secretion of CXCL10 and CCL2, while PPARγ activators were confirmed to be able to inhibit CXCL10 but had no effect on CCL2.
85	22378921	In conclusion, CCL2 and CXCL10 are modulated by IFNγ and TNFα in GO.
86	22378921	PPARα activators inhibit the secretion of the main prototype α (CXCL10) and β (CCL2) chemokines in GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes, suggesting that PPARα may be involved in the modulation of the immune response in GO.
87	22378921	β (CCL2) and α (CXCL10) chemokine modulations by cytokines and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
88	22378921	No data are present in the literature about the effect of cytokines on the prototype β chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) or of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα (PPARA)) activation on CCL2 and CXCL10 chemokines secretion in fibroblasts or preadipocytes in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).
89	22378921	We have tested the effect of interferon γ (IFNγ (IFNG)) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) on CCL2, and for comparison on the prototype α chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), and the possible modulatory role of PPARα activation on secretion of these chemokines in normal and GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes in primary cell cultures.
90	22378921	PPARα activators were able to inhibit the secretion of CXCL10 and CCL2, while PPARγ activators were confirmed to be able to inhibit CXCL10 but had no effect on CCL2.
91	22378921	In conclusion, CCL2 and CXCL10 are modulated by IFNγ and TNFα in GO.
92	22378921	PPARα activators inhibit the secretion of the main prototype α (CXCL10) and β (CCL2) chemokines in GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes, suggesting that PPARα may be involved in the modulation of the immune response in GO.
93	22378921	β (CCL2) and α (CXCL10) chemokine modulations by cytokines and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
94	22378921	No data are present in the literature about the effect of cytokines on the prototype β chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) or of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα (PPARA)) activation on CCL2 and CXCL10 chemokines secretion in fibroblasts or preadipocytes in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).
95	22378921	We have tested the effect of interferon γ (IFNγ (IFNG)) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) on CCL2, and for comparison on the prototype α chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), and the possible modulatory role of PPARα activation on secretion of these chemokines in normal and GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes in primary cell cultures.
96	22378921	PPARα activators were able to inhibit the secretion of CXCL10 and CCL2, while PPARγ activators were confirmed to be able to inhibit CXCL10 but had no effect on CCL2.
97	22378921	In conclusion, CCL2 and CXCL10 are modulated by IFNγ and TNFα in GO.
98	22378921	PPARα activators inhibit the secretion of the main prototype α (CXCL10) and β (CCL2) chemokines in GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes, suggesting that PPARα may be involved in the modulation of the immune response in GO.
99	23874546	Of these transcripts, six (TNFAIP6, FCN1, CXCL10, GBP1, CXCL5 and PID1) were differentially expressed in septic patients' blood compared to healthy blood upon ex vivo LPS stimulation and were restored by IFN-γ.
100	23874546	Along with the previously identified markers TNFa, IL10 and HLA-DRA, the potential value of these markers should now be evaluated in a larger cohort of patients.
101	24055089	Statistical analysis indicated 6 genes, namely IFNG, IL2, XCL1, CD69, CSF2 and CXCL10, as significantly upregulated by PTx which was also demonstrated at the protein level for genes encoding secreted proteins.
102	24084096	The gene expression of cytokines/chemokines in skin biopsies from the CL group showed higher transcript levels of modulatory (IL10 and TGFB1), anti-inflammatory (IL4), and pro-inflammatory (TNF, IFNG, IL12B, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL10) biomarkers in recent lesions than in late lesions.