Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: INS

Gene name: insulin

HGNC ID: 6081

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	CD4	1 hits
2	CHAT	1 hits
3	IDDM2	1 hits
4	IFNA1	1 hits
5	IFNG	1 hits
6	IGF1	1 hits
7	IRS2	1 hits
8	NGF	1 hits
9	PDX1	1 hits
10	PDXP	1 hits
11	PIK3CA	1 hits
12	SELL	1 hits
13	SOCS1	1 hits
14	TGFA	1 hits
15	TGFB1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	9058314	Analysis of an interferon-gamma gene (IFNG) polymorphism in Danish and Finnish insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and control subjects.
2	9058314	This polymorphism was recently demonstrated to be associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Japanese subjects.
3	9058314	Analysis of data according to HLA-DQB1 susceptibility status did not reveal heterogeneity of risk at the IFN-gamma locus in either of the populations.
4	9058314	Thus, the modest significance level observed in the Finnish case-control study and the failure to replicate it by the TDT provide little support for the hypothesis that the IFN-gamma gene microsatellite is associated with IDDM.
5	9058314	Analysis of an interferon-gamma gene (IFNG) polymorphism in Danish and Finnish insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and control subjects.
6	9058314	This polymorphism was recently demonstrated to be associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Japanese subjects.
7	9058314	Analysis of data according to HLA-DQB1 susceptibility status did not reveal heterogeneity of risk at the IFN-gamma locus in either of the populations.
8	9058314	Thus, the modest significance level observed in the Finnish case-control study and the failure to replicate it by the TDT provide little support for the hypothesis that the IFN-gamma gene microsatellite is associated with IDDM.
9	10588826	PDX-1 and Msx-2 expression in the regenerating and developing pancreas.
10	10588826	Importantly, we have found that PDX-1, a transcription factor required for insulin gene transcription as well as for pancreatic development during embryogenesis, is expressed in the duct cells of IFNg mice.
11	10588826	This striking observation suggests an important role for PDX-1 in the marked regeneration observed in IFNg mice, paralleling its critical function during ontogeny.
12	10588826	Also demonstrated was elevated expression of the homeobox-containing protein Msx-2 in the pancreata of fetal mice as well as in adult IFNg mice, identifying this molecule as a novel marker associated with pancreatic development and regeneration as well.
13	10588826	The identification of PDX-1 and Msx in the ducts of the IFNg transgenic pancreas but not in the ducts of the non-transgenic pancreas suggests that these molecules are associated with endocrine precursor cells in the ducts of the IFNg transgenic mouse.
14	15983045	Socs1 deficiency enhances hepatic insulin signaling.
15	15983045	In hyperinsulinemic clamp studies, however, Socs1-/- Ifng-/- mice had enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity demonstrated by greater suppression of endogenous glucose production compared with controls with no difference in glucose disposal.
16	15983045	Socs1-/- Ifng-/- mice had elevated liver insulin receptor substrate 2 expression (IRS-2) and IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation.
17	15983045	Hepatic insulin sensitivity and IRS-2 levels play central roles in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
18	15983045	Socs1 deficiency increases IRS-2 expression and enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity in vivo indicating that inhibition of SOCS1 may be a logical strategy in type 2 diabetes.
19	15983045	Socs1 deficiency enhances hepatic insulin signaling.
20	15983045	In hyperinsulinemic clamp studies, however, Socs1-/- Ifng-/- mice had enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity demonstrated by greater suppression of endogenous glucose production compared with controls with no difference in glucose disposal.
21	15983045	Socs1-/- Ifng-/- mice had elevated liver insulin receptor substrate 2 expression (IRS-2) and IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation.
22	15983045	Hepatic insulin sensitivity and IRS-2 levels play central roles in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
23	15983045	Socs1 deficiency increases IRS-2 expression and enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity in vivo indicating that inhibition of SOCS1 may be a logical strategy in type 2 diabetes.
24	15983045	Socs1 deficiency enhances hepatic insulin signaling.
25	15983045	In hyperinsulinemic clamp studies, however, Socs1-/- Ifng-/- mice had enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity demonstrated by greater suppression of endogenous glucose production compared with controls with no difference in glucose disposal.
26	15983045	Socs1-/- Ifng-/- mice had elevated liver insulin receptor substrate 2 expression (IRS-2) and IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation.
27	15983045	Hepatic insulin sensitivity and IRS-2 levels play central roles in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
28	15983045	Socs1 deficiency increases IRS-2 expression and enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity in vivo indicating that inhibition of SOCS1 may be a logical strategy in type 2 diabetes.
29	15983045	Socs1 deficiency enhances hepatic insulin signaling.
30	15983045	In hyperinsulinemic clamp studies, however, Socs1-/- Ifng-/- mice had enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity demonstrated by greater suppression of endogenous glucose production compared with controls with no difference in glucose disposal.
31	15983045	Socs1-/- Ifng-/- mice had elevated liver insulin receptor substrate 2 expression (IRS-2) and IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation.
32	15983045	Hepatic insulin sensitivity and IRS-2 levels play central roles in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
33	15983045	Socs1 deficiency increases IRS-2 expression and enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity in vivo indicating that inhibition of SOCS1 may be a logical strategy in type 2 diabetes.
34	18653623	Insulin-like growth factor-1 delays Fas-mediated apoptosis in human neutrophils through the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway.
35	18653623	We previously showed that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) delays spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis without influencing the secretion of cytokines by these cells.
36	18653623	We show that IGF1 delays neutrophil apoptosis triggered by the agonistic anti-Fas antibody CH11 and that the effect of IGF1 is comparable in magnitude to that of the acknowledged anti-apoptotic cytokines interferon-gamma (IFNG) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; now known as CSF2).
37	18653623	IGF1 did not affect Fas expression or activation by anti-Fas of caspase-8, but inhibited the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane.
38	18653623	Inhibitor studies indicate that the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway, but not the MEK-ERK pathway, mediates the effects of IGF1.
39	18653623	However, in contrast to CSF2, IGF1 did not induce phosphorylation and translocation to the membrane of AKT, the canonical downstream target of PI3K.
40	18653623	We therefore speculate that other downstream targets of PI3K are involved in the delay of neutrophil apoptosis by IGF1, possibly through stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane.
41	18653623	Insulin-like growth factor-1 delays Fas-mediated apoptosis in human neutrophils through the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway.
42	18653623	We previously showed that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) delays spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis without influencing the secretion of cytokines by these cells.
43	18653623	We show that IGF1 delays neutrophil apoptosis triggered by the agonistic anti-Fas antibody CH11 and that the effect of IGF1 is comparable in magnitude to that of the acknowledged anti-apoptotic cytokines interferon-gamma (IFNG) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; now known as CSF2).
44	18653623	IGF1 did not affect Fas expression or activation by anti-Fas of caspase-8, but inhibited the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane.
45	18653623	Inhibitor studies indicate that the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway, but not the MEK-ERK pathway, mediates the effects of IGF1.
46	18653623	However, in contrast to CSF2, IGF1 did not induce phosphorylation and translocation to the membrane of AKT, the canonical downstream target of PI3K.
47	18653623	We therefore speculate that other downstream targets of PI3K are involved in the delay of neutrophil apoptosis by IGF1, possibly through stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane.
48	19129516	The present study was conducted to explore the source of acetylcholine (ACH) in the corpus luteum (CL) and to test our hypothesis of an antiapoptotic role of ACH in the bovine CL and, further, to investigate whether nerve growth factor (NGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFB1) influence the expression of choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), the biosynthetic enzyme of ACH, in cultured bovine luteal cells.
49	19129516	Cell viability and TUNEL assays were performed on cultured midluteal cells treated with or without tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)/interferon gamma (IFNG) in the presence of ACH and its muscarinic (atropine) and nicotinic (mecamylamine) receptor antagonists.
50	19129516	ACH increased cell viability and prevented cell death induced by TNF/IFNG.
51	19129516	TNF/IFNG treatment downregulated CHAT expression, whereas NGF, IGF1, and TGFB1 upregulated CHAT expression, in cultured luteal cells.
52	19129516	Locally produced ACH appears to be regulated by NGF, IGF1, and TGFB1.
53	20811799	IFNG-inducible KYN/pteridines inflammation cascade is characterized by up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (induced by KYN) and decreased formation of NOS cofactor, BH4, that results in uncoupling of NOS that shifting arginine from NO to superoxide anion production.
54	20811799	IFNG-induced up-regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), rate-limiting enzyme of TRY-KYN pathway, decreases TRY conversion into serotonin (substrate of antidepressant effect) and increases production of KYN associated with diabetes [xanthurenic acid (XA)], anxiety (KYN), psychoses and cognitive impairment (kynurenic acid).
55	20811799	In addition to literature data on KYN/TRY ratio (IDO activity index), we observe neopterin levels (index of activity of rate-limiting enzyme of guanine-BH4 pathway) to be higher in carriers of high (T) than of low (A) producers alleles; and to correlate with AAMPD markers (e.g., insulin resistance, body mass index, mortality risk), and with IFN-alpha-induced depression in hepatitis C patients.
56	21321581	Protection against diabetes was accompanied by histone hyperacetylation in pancreas and spleen, enhanced frequency of CD4(+) CD62L(+) cells in the spleen, reduction in cellular infiltration of islets, restoration of normoglycemia and glucose-induced insulin release by beta cells.
57	21321581	Activation of splenic T lymphocytes derived from protected mice in vitro with pharmacological agents that bypass the antigen receptor or immobilized anti-CD3 antibody resulted in enhanced expression of Ifng mRNA and protein without altering the expression of Il4, Il17, Il18, Inos and Tnfa genes nor the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-17 and TNF-α proteins.
58	21321581	Consistently, expression of the transcription factor involved in Ifng transcription, Tbet/Tbx21 but not Gata3 and Rorgt, respectively, required for the transcription of Il4 and Il17, was upregulated in activated splenocytes of protected mice.
59	22308202	Neopterin, a Marker of Interferon-Gamma-Inducible Inflammation, Correlates with Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate, Waist Circumference, HDL-Cholesterol, Insulin Resistance and Mortality Risk in Adult Boston Community Dwellers of Puerto Rican Origin.
60	22308202	Neopterin concentrations correlated with abdominal obesity (waist circumference, r = 0.085, p < 0.038), HDL cholesterol (r = -0.15, p < 0.0001), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, r = 0.08, P < 0.03), and plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP (r = -0.13, P = 0.002).
61	22308202	PLP is a cofactor of IFNG-induced key enzymes of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism.
62	22308202	Since PLP deficiency is associated with the increased production of diabetogenic kynurenine derivative, xanthurenic acid, our results suggest that up-regulated IFNG production might contribute to the development of insulin resistance.
63	22308202	Neopterin, a Marker of Interferon-Gamma-Inducible Inflammation, Correlates with Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate, Waist Circumference, HDL-Cholesterol, Insulin Resistance and Mortality Risk in Adult Boston Community Dwellers of Puerto Rican Origin.
64	22308202	Neopterin concentrations correlated with abdominal obesity (waist circumference, r = 0.085, p < 0.038), HDL cholesterol (r = -0.15, p < 0.0001), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, r = 0.08, P < 0.03), and plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP (r = -0.13, P = 0.002).
65	22308202	PLP is a cofactor of IFNG-induced key enzymes of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism.
66	22308202	Since PLP deficiency is associated with the increased production of diabetogenic kynurenine derivative, xanthurenic acid, our results suggest that up-regulated IFNG production might contribute to the development of insulin resistance.
67	22308202	Neopterin, a Marker of Interferon-Gamma-Inducible Inflammation, Correlates with Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate, Waist Circumference, HDL-Cholesterol, Insulin Resistance and Mortality Risk in Adult Boston Community Dwellers of Puerto Rican Origin.
68	22308202	Neopterin concentrations correlated with abdominal obesity (waist circumference, r = 0.085, p < 0.038), HDL cholesterol (r = -0.15, p < 0.0001), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, r = 0.08, P < 0.03), and plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP (r = -0.13, P = 0.002).
69	22308202	PLP is a cofactor of IFNG-induced key enzymes of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism.
70	22308202	Since PLP deficiency is associated with the increased production of diabetogenic kynurenine derivative, xanthurenic acid, our results suggest that up-regulated IFNG production might contribute to the development of insulin resistance.