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Gene Information
Gene symbol: APC
Gene name: adenomatous polyposis coli
HGNC ID: 583
Synonyms: DP2, DP3, DP2.5, PPP1R46
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 1379185 | Here we show that infection of B cell lines as APC with viruses of two different families, namely, influenza A or vaccinia, completely block processing and presentation of an exogenous globular protein antigen pigeon cytochrome c. |
| 2 | 1379185 | Only live infectious virus, not UV-inactivated virus blocks APC function, indicating that there is no competition of viral particles with cytochrome c for the class II processing machinery. |
| 3 | 1379185 | Here we show that infection of B cell lines as APC with viruses of two different families, namely, influenza A or vaccinia, completely block processing and presentation of an exogenous globular protein antigen pigeon cytochrome c. |
| 4 | 1379185 | Only live infectious virus, not UV-inactivated virus blocks APC function, indicating that there is no competition of viral particles with cytochrome c for the class II processing machinery. |
| 5 | 1834737 | Characterization of streptococcal antigen-specific CD8+, MHC class I-restricted, T cell clones that down-regulate in vitro antibody synthesis. |
| 6 | 1834737 | The function of the CD8+ cloned cells was examined in vitro for their effect on antibody synthesis by Ag-stimulated CD4+ cells and B cells from immunized animals. |
| 7 | 1834737 | Indeed, four of the five clones suppressed SAI/II-specific IgG antibody synthesis when activated with SAI/II and the appropriate MHC-matched APC. |
| 8 | 7499830 | Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-modified variants of murine B7-1 and B7-2 cell surface costimulators were produced via chimerization with alternative GPI-modification signal sequences from decay-accelerating factor (DAF). |
| 9 | 7499830 | GPI anchorage was verified by demonstrating phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) sensitivity of the chimeric polypeptides in both immunofluorescence/flow-cytometric and immunoprecipitation analyses. |
| 10 | 7499830 | The various GPI-modified chimeric B7-1:DAF and B7-2:DAF polypeptides were shown to retain costimulator function, in both an in vitro proliferation assay and an in vivo triggering of cytotoxicity assay. |
| 11 | 7499830 | Moreover, the functionality of the GPI-modified variants in enhancing the immunogenicity of the murine T lymphoma line EL-4 suggests a novel route for generating APC-centered immunotherapeutics, including cellular cancer vaccines, that is based upon protein transfer of GPI-modified costimulators. |
| 12 | 7533857 | To increase the inherently weak immunogenicity of synthetic peptide vaccines, we used recombinant DNA techniques to generate chimeras between immunogenic determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 and antibody Fab fragments reactive with surface structures displayed specifically on human antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including surface immunoglobulin D (sIgD) and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. |
| 13 | 7533857 | Furthermore, such recombinant immunotargeted HIV-1 peptide antigens demonstrated improved immunogenicity over equivalent nonimmunotargeted control antigens, as shown by their ability to stimulate interleukin-2 production by CD4+ T-helper cells from human donors exposed to HIV-1 antigens. |
| 14 | 7533857 | These data suggest that immunotargeting of recombinant peptide antigens via the attached Fab fragments facilitates uptake by human APCs with subsequent access to the MHC class II processing pathway, thereby validating the immunotargeting concept for such recombinant subunit vaccines in an in vitro human system. |
| 15 | 7533857 | To increase the inherently weak immunogenicity of synthetic peptide vaccines, we used recombinant DNA techniques to generate chimeras between immunogenic determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 and antibody Fab fragments reactive with surface structures displayed specifically on human antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including surface immunoglobulin D (sIgD) and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. |
| 16 | 7533857 | Furthermore, such recombinant immunotargeted HIV-1 peptide antigens demonstrated improved immunogenicity over equivalent nonimmunotargeted control antigens, as shown by their ability to stimulate interleukin-2 production by CD4+ T-helper cells from human donors exposed to HIV-1 antigens. |
| 17 | 7533857 | These data suggest that immunotargeting of recombinant peptide antigens via the attached Fab fragments facilitates uptake by human APCs with subsequent access to the MHC class II processing pathway, thereby validating the immunotargeting concept for such recombinant subunit vaccines in an in vitro human system. |
| 18 | 7636236 | Because the env protein associates tightly with CD4 shortly after synthesis, we first targeted the env protein using a chimeric CD4 protein consisting of the extracellular domain of CD4 and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of LAMP-1. |
| 19 | 7636236 | The enhanced stimulatory capacity of APC expressing LAMP-1-targeted Ags has important implications for vaccine design. |
| 20 | 7901150 | This is recognized by immune CD4 T cells which function as essential helper cells in the generation of the CD8 CTL response. |
| 21 | 7901150 | The existence of two types of cognate T cell responses in a syngeneic anti-tumour response was directly proved by the establishment of two types of tumour specific T cell lines which required as co-stimulator either MHC class II positive APC or IL-2. |
| 22 | 7901150 | The generation of the tumour specific CTL response could be blocked by monoclonal antibodies against all the molecules involved in the cognate interactions (i.e. class I MHC, CD8, class II MHC, CD4 and TCR) but not by anti-CD2 or anti-IgG. |
| 23 | 7901150 | The strict requirement for helper cells and APC could be bypassed by the addition of recombinant IL-2 but optimal triggering of CD8 CTL-precursor required viable tumour stimulator cells. |
| 24 | 7901150 | This well characterized in vitro assay may be useful (i) for monitoring the immune status of CD4 and CD8 immune T cells separately, for instance of tumour bearing and/or treated animals and (ii) for the development and testing of potent tumour cell vaccines with T cell stimulatory and/or co-stimulatory activities. |
| 25 | 8361775 | Antibody-dependent MIA titres were much lower than for APC-dependent MIA. |
| 26 | 8732694 | Effective immunization against neuroblastoma using double-transduced tumor cells secreting GM-CSF and interferon-gamma. |
| 27 | 8732694 | Murine neuroblastoma, neuro-2a, was transduced with the retroviral vector MFG-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), to examine immune stimulation conferred by localized GM-CSF production. |
| 28 | 8732694 | Because both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were necessary during priming to this MHC class Ilo, II-tumor, these data indicate that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I+, II+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were required for the T-cell antitumor response. |
| 29 | 8732694 | Co-expression of GM-CSF and IFN-gamma, both of which have immunostimulatory activities on antigen-presenting cells, abrogated the tumorigenic potential of this tumor and increased immunogenicity over N-2a/IFN but not N-2a/GM. |
| 30 | 9005958 | To address this issue we attempted to generate 'artificial' APC able to stimulate CD4+ T cell responses when tumor cells were infected with a single, recombinant, vaccinia virus (rVV) containing the two genes encoding murine MHC class II I-Ak and a third gene encoding the murine B7-1 (mB7-1) costimulatory molecule. |
| 31 | 9325017 | To identify factors relevant to the unique property of iscoms to mediate CTL responses, we analysed the capacity of different defined Quillaja triterpenoid components in various formulations to stimulate production of IL-6 by APC in vitro and in vivo. |
| 32 | 9548476 | Heat-killed Sendai virus Ags were efficiently processed by normal B6 as well as by TAP-1(-/-) splenic APC. |
| 33 | 9548476 | Presentation was MHC class I restricted, since no presentation was seen by APC from TAP-1/beta2m-/- mice that lack expression of MHC class I. |
| 34 | 9548476 | Finally, B6 as well as TAP-1(-/-) splenic APC, loaded with heat-killed Sendai virus Ag in vitro, primed naive CD8+ T cells in vivo. |
| 35 | 9548476 | Heat-killed Sendai virus Ags were efficiently processed by normal B6 as well as by TAP-1(-/-) splenic APC. |
| 36 | 9548476 | Presentation was MHC class I restricted, since no presentation was seen by APC from TAP-1/beta2m-/- mice that lack expression of MHC class I. |
| 37 | 9548476 | Finally, B6 as well as TAP-1(-/-) splenic APC, loaded with heat-killed Sendai virus Ag in vitro, primed naive CD8+ T cells in vivo. |
| 38 | 9548476 | Heat-killed Sendai virus Ags were efficiently processed by normal B6 as well as by TAP-1(-/-) splenic APC. |
| 39 | 9548476 | Presentation was MHC class I restricted, since no presentation was seen by APC from TAP-1/beta2m-/- mice that lack expression of MHC class I. |
| 40 | 9548476 | Finally, B6 as well as TAP-1(-/-) splenic APC, loaded with heat-killed Sendai virus Ag in vitro, primed naive CD8+ T cells in vivo. |
| 41 | 9550372 | Immunostimulatory effects of a plasmid expressing CD40 ligand (CD154) on gene immunization. |
| 42 | 9550372 | Interaction of CD40 with its ligand (CD154) can induce CD40-bearing APCs to express immune stimulatory accessory molecules that facilitate immune recognition. |
| 43 | 9554257 | Further, iscoms induce APC to produce IL-1, IL-6 and IL-12 and a TH1 type of response with enhanced IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 44 | 9626347 | The generation of MUC1-specific CTLs required only a 6-day in vitro stimulation of patients' T-cells with synthetic MUC1-peptide-pulsed autologous APCs. |
| 45 | 10092787 | Proliferative responses and production of the Th1 cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, were reduced in T cells responsive to PLP139-151. |
| 46 | 10092787 | In the brains of mice that were successfully vaccinated, mRNA for IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-gamma were reduced. |
| 47 | 10092787 | DNA immunization with the myelin minigene for PLP-altered expression of B7.1 (CD80), and B7.2 (CD86) on APCs in the spleen. |
| 48 | 10228040 | These noncytolytic CD4+ T cells synthesize large quantities of type 2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 on stimulation with the autologous APC or tumor cells in an MHC class II-restricted manner. |
| 49 | 10228040 | The supernatant factor also exhibits a marked inhibitory effect on the expression of the costimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86, by APC. |
| 50 | 10607750 | However, upon re-stimulation with fresh APC and antigen, tolerized T(h)1 cells failed to proliferate or to produce T(h)1 cytokine message or secreted protein, had decreased expression of CD25, CD28 and B7 and increased expression of MHC class II molecules, and demonstrated an enhanced commitment to apoptosis. |
| 51 | 10640735 | Interaction between B7 on APC and CD28 on naive T cells is necessary for priming the T cells. |
| 52 | 10640735 | On the other hand, interaction between B7 on APC and CTLA-4 on activated T cells transduces a negative regulatory signal to the activated T cells. |
| 53 | 10640735 | Interaction between B7 on APC and CD28 on naive T cells is necessary for priming the T cells. |
| 54 | 10640735 | On the other hand, interaction between B7 on APC and CTLA-4 on activated T cells transduces a negative regulatory signal to the activated T cells. |
| 55 | 10770625 | Enhanced antitumoral effect of adenovirus-mediated cytosine deaminase gene therapy by induction of antigen-presenting cells through stem cell factor/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene transfer. |
| 56 | 10770625 | We preinjected the mice with murine stem cell factor (SCF)-encoding adenovirus (AdSCF) and murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-encoding adenovirus (AdGM-CSF); after 7 days, the mice were inoculated with CT26 colon adenocarcinoma. |
| 57 | 10770625 | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity was induced efficiently after the combined therapy, and mRNA of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-4, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-2 was present in the tumor mass after combined therapy, suggesting that a more potent antitumoral response was induced by enhanced APCs. |
| 58 | 10915558 | LFA-3 plasmid DNA enhances Ag-specific humoral- and cellular-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus-2 in vivo: involvement of CD4+ T cells in protection. |
| 59 | 10915558 | Adhesion molecules lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 and CD2 on T cells recognize intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and LFA-3 on APCs, respectively. |
| 60 | 10915558 | To investigate specific roles of adhesion molecules in immune induction we coimmunized LFA-3 and ICAM-1 cDNAs with a gD plasmid vaccine and then analyzed immune modulatory effects and protection against lethal herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 challenge. |
| 61 | 10915558 | LFA-3 also enhanced Th cell proliferative responses and production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 from splenocytes. |
| 62 | 10915558 | In contrast, ICAM-1 showed slightly increasing effects on T-cell proliferation responses and cytokine production. beta-Chemokine production (RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MCP-1) was also influenced by LFA-3 or ICAM-1. |
| 63 | 10915558 | When animals were challenged with a lethal dose of HSV-2, LFA-3-coimmunized animals exhibited an enhanced survival rate, as compared to animals given ICAM-1 or gD DNA vaccine alone. |
| 64 | 10915558 | These studies demonstrate that adhesion molecule LFA-3 can play an important role in generating protective antigen-specific immunity in the HSV model system through increased induction of CD4+ Th1 T-cell subset. |
| 65 | 11043379 | CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) have been implicated as important molecules for the transformation of nonactivated antigen-presenting cells (APC) into cells that are potent inducers of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity. |
| 66 | 11043379 | The onset of a successful immune response lies within the control of the CD4+ T helper cells which, after specific antigen recognition, can up-regulate CD40L and subsequently activate APC through CD40 signaling. |
| 67 | 11043379 | Triggering of CD40 with antibodies in vivo can replace the need for CD40L-expressing CD4+ T helper cells for cross-priming of CTL. |
| 68 | 11043379 | Interestingly, differential involvement of CD40/CD40L in immune responses can be observed between various immunological sites in the body. |
| 69 | 11050151 | Regulation of beta -catenin transformation by the p300 transcriptional coactivator. |
| 70 | 11050151 | The beta-catenin protein plays a critical role in embryonic development and mature tissue homeostasis through its effects on E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and Wnt-dependent signal transduction. |
| 71 | 11050151 | In colon and other cancers, mutations of beta-catenin or the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor appear to stabilize beta-catenin and enhance its interaction with T cell factor (TCF) or lymphoid enhancer factor (Lef) transcription factors. |
| 72 | 11050151 | At present, a complete picture of the means by which beta-catenin's interactions with TCF/Lef proteins contribute to neoplastic transformation is lacking. |
| 73 | 11050151 | We report that the transcriptional coactivator p300 interacts with beta-catenin in vitro and in vivo and is critical for beta-catenin-mediated neoplastic transformation. p300 synergistically activates beta-catenin/TCF transcription, and their biochemical association requires the CH1 domain of p300 and a region of beta-catenin that includes its NH(2)-terminal transactivation domain and the first two armadillo repeats. |
| 74 | 11050151 | Lowering of cellular p300 levels by using a ribozyme directed against p300 reduced TCF transcriptional activity and inhibited the neoplastic growth properties of a beta-catenin-transformed rat epithelial cell line and a human colon carcinoma line with a beta-catenin mutation. |
| 75 | 11050151 | These findings demonstrate a critical role for p300 in beta-catenin/TCF transcription and in cancers arising from defects in beta-catenin regulation. |
| 76 | 11123322 | This study represents the first time CD8(+) T cells generated against Mtb-infected APC have been used to elucidate an Mtb-specific CD8(+) T cell Ag. |
| 77 | 11212260 | Some colorectal adenomas express cholecystokinin B/gastrin receptor mRNA, and thus hypergastrinemia may increase progression through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. |
| 78 | 11212260 | Serum gastrin levels in APC(Min-/+) mice were elevated 5-6-fold by oral administration of omeprazole (75 mg/kg). |
| 79 | 11223075 | An integral and necessary part of a T-cell immune response involves triggering of CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APC) by its ligand, CD154, on responding T helper (Th) cells. |
| 80 | 11223075 | Furthermore, cytotoxic responses to tumours may fail because the Th-cell response is inadequate and unable to provide CD40 stimulation of APC. |
| 81 | 11223075 | Growing evidence shows that stimulating APC with soluble CD40L or an agonistic anti-CD40 mAb can, at least in part, replace the need for Th cells and generate APC that are capable of priming cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). |
| 82 | 11223075 | In addition, depletion of CD8(+) cells abrogated protection whilst depletion of CD4(+) cells had no effect. |
| 83 | 11223075 | An integral and necessary part of a T-cell immune response involves triggering of CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APC) by its ligand, CD154, on responding T helper (Th) cells. |
| 84 | 11223075 | Furthermore, cytotoxic responses to tumours may fail because the Th-cell response is inadequate and unable to provide CD40 stimulation of APC. |
| 85 | 11223075 | Growing evidence shows that stimulating APC with soluble CD40L or an agonistic anti-CD40 mAb can, at least in part, replace the need for Th cells and generate APC that are capable of priming cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). |
| 86 | 11223075 | In addition, depletion of CD8(+) cells abrogated protection whilst depletion of CD4(+) cells had no effect. |
| 87 | 11223075 | An integral and necessary part of a T-cell immune response involves triggering of CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APC) by its ligand, CD154, on responding T helper (Th) cells. |
| 88 | 11223075 | Furthermore, cytotoxic responses to tumours may fail because the Th-cell response is inadequate and unable to provide CD40 stimulation of APC. |
| 89 | 11223075 | Growing evidence shows that stimulating APC with soluble CD40L or an agonistic anti-CD40 mAb can, at least in part, replace the need for Th cells and generate APC that are capable of priming cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). |
| 90 | 11223075 | In addition, depletion of CD8(+) cells abrogated protection whilst depletion of CD4(+) cells had no effect. |
| 91 | 11251876 | Both LT and CT induce B7-2 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for subsequent co-stimulatory signalling to CD4+ T cells. |
| 92 | 11251876 | CT directly affects CD4+ T cells activated via the TCR-CD3 complex with selective inhibition of Th1 responses whereas LT maintains Th1 cytokine responses with inhibition of interleukin (IL)-4 production. |
| 93 | 11251876 | Nontoxic mutant (m)CTs (S61F and E112K) retain adjuvant properties by inducing CD4+ Th2 cells, which provided effective help for the Ag-specific mucosal immunoglobulin (Ig)A, as well as serum IgG1, IgE and IgA Ab responses. |
| 94 | 11251876 | Firstly, mCT enhanced the B7-2 expression of APCs. |
| 95 | 11251876 | Both LT and CT induce B7-2 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for subsequent co-stimulatory signalling to CD4+ T cells. |
| 96 | 11251876 | CT directly affects CD4+ T cells activated via the TCR-CD3 complex with selective inhibition of Th1 responses whereas LT maintains Th1 cytokine responses with inhibition of interleukin (IL)-4 production. |
| 97 | 11251876 | Nontoxic mutant (m)CTs (S61F and E112K) retain adjuvant properties by inducing CD4+ Th2 cells, which provided effective help for the Ag-specific mucosal immunoglobulin (Ig)A, as well as serum IgG1, IgE and IgA Ab responses. |
| 98 | 11251876 | Firstly, mCT enhanced the B7-2 expression of APCs. |
| 99 | 11517321 | Targeting of antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) increases CD4(+) T cell activation, and this observation can be exploited in the development of new vaccines. |
| 100 | 11731437 | A new murine model of human colorectal cancer was generated by crossing human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) transgenic mice (H-2K(b)) with adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc1638N) knockout mice (H-2K(b)). |
| 101 | 11738738 | Enhanced activation of rhesus T cells by vectors encoding a triad of costimulatory molecules (B7-1, ICAM-1, LFA-3). |
| 102 | 11738738 | Several molecules normally found on the surface of professional human APCs are capable of providing the second signals critical for T cell activation: B7-1 (CD80), ICAM-1 (CD54), and LFA-3 (CD58). |
| 103 | 11738738 | We have recently designed and characterized both recombinant vaccinia and recombinant avipox vectors containing the transgenes for a triad of human T cell costimulatory molecules (B7-1, ICAM-1, LFA-3; designated TRICOM). |
| 104 | 12384803 | Th1-type responses which comprise cell-mediated immunity are characterised by the secretion of interferon-gamma by T cells, which is induced by antigen-presenting cell (APC)-derived IL-12. |
| 105 | 12460911 | CEA.Tg mice were crossed with mice bearing a mutation in the Apc gene (MIN mice), and the CEA.Tg/MIN progeny developed multiple intestinal neoplasms, which overexpress CEA to levels that are reminiscent of those reported for tubulovillous intestinal adenomas from patients. |
| 106 | 12460911 | CEA.Tg/MIN mice were vaccinated with an aggressive diversified prime/boost vaccine regimen: (a) a primary vaccine consisting of recombinant vaccinia virus-expressing CEA and a triad of costimulatory molecules (TRICOM): B7.1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3 (rV-CEA-TRICOM); and (b) a booster vaccine using CEA-TRICOM in a recombinant avipox (fowlpox) virus (rF-CEA-TRICOM). |
| 107 | 12517965 | The objective of this study was to test the ability of bovine CD154 to target a plasmid-encoded Ag to CD40-expressing APCs. |
| 108 | 12517965 | To achieve this, a plasmid coding for bovine CD154 fused to a truncated secreted form of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D (tgD), pSLIAtgD-CD154, was constructed. |
| 109 | 12517965 | The chimeric tgD-CD154 was expressed in vitro in COS-7 cells and reacted with both glycoprotein D- and CD154-specific Abs. |
| 110 | 12536236 | The ability of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells to acquire dendritic cell (DC)-like characteristics in vitro with a rapid culture method based either on the phorbol ester PMA or calcium ionophores has been studied in comparison to conventional AML-DC cultures with the cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-3 (IL-3), SCF, FLT3-L and IL-4. |
| 111 | 12536236 | The most mature APC were generated by calcium ionophore A23187 plus IL-4, as evidenced by the higher expression of CD40, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR. |
| 112 | 12562324 | APC from CD40 knockout mice were as effective as wild-type APC for the induction of non-specific and GXM-specific responses. |
| 113 | 12562324 | Blocking activity of B7-1 and B7-2 by treatment of immunized mice with monoclonal antibodies specific for these molecules just before and for 6 days following GXM-APC immunization decreased the splenic interferon-gamma response of mice subsequently infected with NU-2, but only in mice that were treated with both antibodies. |
| 114 | 12922111 | Differential requirements for CTL generation by novel immunostimulants: APC tropism, use of the TAP-independent processing pathway, and dependency on CD80/CD86 costimulation. |
| 115 | 12922111 | All three immunostimulants also elicited CD86-dependent TH1 cytokine responses. |
| 116 | 14734740 | Escherichia coli expressing recombinant antigen and listeriolysin O stimulate class I-restricted CD8+ T cells following uptake by human APC. |
| 117 | 14734740 | These results demonstrate that recombinant E. coli can be engineered to direct Ags to the cytosol of human phagocytic APCs, and suggest possible vaccine strategies for generating CD8(+) T cell responses against pathogens or tumors. |
| 118 | 14734740 | Escherichia coli expressing recombinant antigen and listeriolysin O stimulate class I-restricted CD8+ T cells following uptake by human APC. |
| 119 | 14734740 | These results demonstrate that recombinant E. coli can be engineered to direct Ags to the cytosol of human phagocytic APCs, and suggest possible vaccine strategies for generating CD8(+) T cell responses against pathogens or tumors. |
| 120 | 15100266 | Bacterial heat shock proteins promote CD91-dependent class I MHC cross-presentation of chaperoned peptide to CD8+ T cells by cytosolic mechanisms in dendritic cells versus vacuolar mechanisms in macrophages. |
| 121 | 15100266 | APCs process mammalian heat shock protein (HSP):peptide complexes to present HSP-chaperoned peptides on class I MHC (MHC-I) molecules to CD8(+) T cells. |
| 122 | 15100266 | HSP-enhanced MHC-I peptide presentation occurred only if peptide was complexed to the prokaryotic HSP and was dependent on CD91, establishing CD91 as a receptor for prokaryotic as well as mammalian HSPs. |
| 123 | 15100266 | Prokaryotic HSPs are a potential source of microbial peptide Ags during phagocytic processing of bacteria during infection and could potentially be incorporated in vaccines to enhance presentation of peptides to CD8(+) T cells. |
| 124 | 15150127 | The present study was designed to determine whether: (a) chronic administration of dietary celecoxib (Celebrex), a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which targets the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, negatively impacts host immunity; and (b) celecoxib can be coupled with a poxvirus-based vaccine to impact tumor burden in a murine tumor model of spontaneous adenomatous polyposis coli. |
| 125 | 15150127 | Responses of splenic T, B, and natural killer cells to broad-based and antigen-specific stimuli were, for the most part, unchanged in those mice as well as COX-2 knockout mice; exceptions included: (a) reduced IFN-gamma production by concanavalin A- or antigen-stimulated T cells; and (b) heightened lipopolysaccharide response of naive B cells from mice fed a diet supplemented with 1000 ppm of celecoxib. |
| 126 | 15150127 | When transgenic mice that express the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene (CEA transgenic) were bred with mice bearing a mutation in the Apc(Delta850) gene (multiple intestinal neoplasia mice), the progeny (CEA transgenic/multiple intestinal neoplasia) spontaneously develop multiple intestinal neoplasms that overexpress CEA and COX-2. |
| 127 | 15150127 | The present study was designed to determine whether: (a) chronic administration of dietary celecoxib (Celebrex), a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which targets the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, negatively impacts host immunity; and (b) celecoxib can be coupled with a poxvirus-based vaccine to impact tumor burden in a murine tumor model of spontaneous adenomatous polyposis coli. |
| 128 | 15150127 | Responses of splenic T, B, and natural killer cells to broad-based and antigen-specific stimuli were, for the most part, unchanged in those mice as well as COX-2 knockout mice; exceptions included: (a) reduced IFN-gamma production by concanavalin A- or antigen-stimulated T cells; and (b) heightened lipopolysaccharide response of naive B cells from mice fed a diet supplemented with 1000 ppm of celecoxib. |
| 129 | 15150127 | When transgenic mice that express the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene (CEA transgenic) were bred with mice bearing a mutation in the Apc(Delta850) gene (multiple intestinal neoplasia mice), the progeny (CEA transgenic/multiple intestinal neoplasia) spontaneously develop multiple intestinal neoplasms that overexpress CEA and COX-2. |
| 130 | 15336780 | Using tetramer staining and limiting dilution analyses as monitors of CTL responses, we found significant increases in the number of antigen-specific CTL in circulation after vaccination with the MART-1(27-35) peptide (AAGIGILTV)-pulsed autologous APC, the MAGE-1(161-169) peptide (EADPTGHSY)-pulsed APC, or with autologous tumor lysate-pulsed APC. |
| 131 | 15336780 | The decline in the CTL response was associated by a concomitant expansion of CD4(+) CD25(+)T cells. |
| 132 | 15336780 | Analysis of postvaccine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients showed an increased amount of interleukin (IL)-10 secretion on in vitro stimulation with IL-2 after successive vaccination. |
| 133 | 15336780 | Triple color flow cytometric analyses revealed cytoplasmic IL-10 in the CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cell fraction and the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) IL-10(+) T cells were found to increase significantly in postvaccine PBL. |
| 134 | 15470057 | APCs process heat shock protein (HSP):peptide complexes to present HSP-chaperoned peptides on class I MHC molecules, but the ability of HSPs to contribute chaperoned peptides for class II MHC (MHC-II) Ag processing and presentation is unclear. |
| 135 | 15470057 | Bacterial HSPs enhanced MHC-II presentation only if peptide was complexed to the HSP, suggesting that the key HSP function was enhanced delivery or processing of chaperoned peptide Ag rather than generalized enhancement of APC function. |
| 136 | 15470057 | Bacterial HSPs are a potential source of microbial peptide Ags during phagocytic processing of bacteria during infection and could potentially be incorporated in vaccines to enhance presentation of peptides to CD4+ T cells. |
| 137 | 15470057 | APCs process heat shock protein (HSP):peptide complexes to present HSP-chaperoned peptides on class I MHC molecules, but the ability of HSPs to contribute chaperoned peptides for class II MHC (MHC-II) Ag processing and presentation is unclear. |
| 138 | 15470057 | Bacterial HSPs enhanced MHC-II presentation only if peptide was complexed to the HSP, suggesting that the key HSP function was enhanced delivery or processing of chaperoned peptide Ag rather than generalized enhancement of APC function. |
| 139 | 15470057 | Bacterial HSPs are a potential source of microbial peptide Ags during phagocytic processing of bacteria during infection and could potentially be incorporated in vaccines to enhance presentation of peptides to CD4+ T cells. |
| 140 | 15585869 | APCs expressing the activation markers MHC class II, CD80, and CD40 increased in number in the lung. |
| 141 | 15585869 | LTK63 treatment increased the pathogen-specific IgA response in the nasal mucosa and simultaneously decreased inflammatory cytokine production (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) after infection. |
| 142 | 15585869 | The number of activated CD8(+)CD44(+) T cells and the respiratory syncytial virus- or influenza-specific CD8-proliferative responses increased, although the total inflammatory infiltrate was reduced. |
| 143 | 15787741 | Abstract Heat shock proteins (Hsp) can deliver antigen into the major histocompatibility complex class I presentation pathway of antigen-presenting cells (APC), a process called cross priming, thus stimulating antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell reactions. |
| 144 | 15787741 | Both processes require interaction of Hsp with APC via specific receptors. |
| 145 | 15787741 | This study describes the interaction of recombinant Hsp70 (rHsp70) of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis with bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells that was restricted to CD14+ cells. |
| 146 | 16178769 | In particular, modulation of the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on the targeted APC; CD80, CD86, CD83 and B7RP-1, play important roles for the effect of the ADP-ribosylating CTA1-based adjuvants for the development of tolerance or active IgA immunity. |
| 147 | 16186817 | Recently activated, but not resting, CD4(+) T cells express CD154, providing costimulatory signals to B cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). |
| 148 | 16186817 | Therefore, de novo CD154 expression after stimulation identifies antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells. |
| 149 | 16186817 | Using this assay, we found that stimulated cells expressing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2 or interferon (IFN)-gamma were predominantly CD154(+). |
| 150 | 16186817 | For vaccine- or pathogen-specific responses, we found substantial heterogeneity in expression of CD154 and cytokines, suggesting previously unrecognized diversity in abilities of responding cells to stimulate APCs through CD40. |
| 151 | 16424054 | In this study, we determine the ability of grp170 and its structural domains to (a) bind to and present melanoma-associated antigen gp100 to the immune system and (b) to bind to receptors on APCs. |
| 152 | 16585571 | Engagement of CD28 outside of the immunological synapse results in up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA stability but not IL-2 transcription. |
| 153 | 16585571 | During T cell activation by APC, CD28 is colocalized with TCR in the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC) region of the immunological synapse. |
| 154 | 16585571 | CD28 signaling through PI3K results in the recruitment of protein kinase C (PKC)theta to the cSMAC, activation of NF-kappaB, and induction of IL-2 transcription. |
| 155 | 16585571 | To test this model we have examined the mechanism of CD28-mediated induction of IL-2 secretion when CD28 is engaged outside of the immunological synapse. |
| 156 | 16585571 | CD4 T cells were stimulated with Ag presented by B7-negative APC and CD28 costimulation was provided in trans by anti-CD28-coated beads or by class II-negative, B7-positive cells. |
| 157 | 16585571 | We show that induction of IL-2 secretion under these conditions did not require expression of PKCtheta and did not induce NF-kappaB activation or IL-2 transcription. |
| 158 | 16585571 | In contrast, CD28 costimulation in trans did induce IL-2 mRNA stability, accounting for the up-regulation of IL-2 secretion. |
| 159 | 16585571 | These data indicate that the ability of CD28 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription requires colocalization of TCR and CD28 at the plasma membrane, possibly within the cSMAC of the immunological synapse. |
| 160 | 16585571 | In contrast, the ability of CD28 to promote IL-2 mRNA stability can be transduced from a distal site from the TCR, suggesting that signal integration occurs downstream from the plasma membrane. |
| 161 | 16585571 | Engagement of CD28 outside of the immunological synapse results in up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA stability but not IL-2 transcription. |
| 162 | 16585571 | During T cell activation by APC, CD28 is colocalized with TCR in the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC) region of the immunological synapse. |
| 163 | 16585571 | CD28 signaling through PI3K results in the recruitment of protein kinase C (PKC)theta to the cSMAC, activation of NF-kappaB, and induction of IL-2 transcription. |
| 164 | 16585571 | To test this model we have examined the mechanism of CD28-mediated induction of IL-2 secretion when CD28 is engaged outside of the immunological synapse. |
| 165 | 16585571 | CD4 T cells were stimulated with Ag presented by B7-negative APC and CD28 costimulation was provided in trans by anti-CD28-coated beads or by class II-negative, B7-positive cells. |
| 166 | 16585571 | We show that induction of IL-2 secretion under these conditions did not require expression of PKCtheta and did not induce NF-kappaB activation or IL-2 transcription. |
| 167 | 16585571 | In contrast, CD28 costimulation in trans did induce IL-2 mRNA stability, accounting for the up-regulation of IL-2 secretion. |
| 168 | 16585571 | These data indicate that the ability of CD28 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription requires colocalization of TCR and CD28 at the plasma membrane, possibly within the cSMAC of the immunological synapse. |
| 169 | 16585571 | In contrast, the ability of CD28 to promote IL-2 mRNA stability can be transduced from a distal site from the TCR, suggesting that signal integration occurs downstream from the plasma membrane. |
| 170 | 16893998 | Immunotargeting with CD154 (CD40 ligand) enhances DNA vaccine responses in ducks. |
| 171 | 16893998 | Engagement of CD154 on activated T cells with CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) potentiates adaptive immune responses in mammals. |
| 172 | 16893998 | Thus, targeting of antigens to APCs with CD154 is an effective strategy to enhance DNA vaccine responses not only in mammalian species but also in avian species. |
| 173 | 16942487 | In this study, we developed a novel strategy for the APC to efficiently cross-present a fusion tumour antigen, which contains both MHC class I-restricted and class II-restricted T-cell epitopes from Her-2/neu and p53 in a cognate manner. |
| 174 | 16942487 | The N-terminus of the fusion Her-2/neu, p53 protein was linked to the sequence encoding for human secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine for secretion and chemokinesis, and the C-terminus of the fusion protein was linked to a cell-binding domain of IgG (Fc portion, the cell-binding domain of IgG) for receptor-mediated internalization. |
| 175 | 17339467 | Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) targets the cytoplasm of APC and is a strong CD8 and CD4 Th1-promoting vaccine vehicle in adult mice. |
| 176 | 17339467 | We found that neonatal mice immunized only once with the attenuated strain DeltaactA-Lm developed robust primary and secondary CD8 and CD4 Th1 responses and were fully protected from lethal challenge with virulent wild-type Lm without the need for a booster immunization. |
| 177 | 17339467 | Furthermore, DeltaactA-Lm expressing a heterologous recombinant Ag induced a strong CD8 and Th1 memory response to that Ag. |
| 178 | 17540847 | Here we compare monomeric and dimeric forms of MIP-1alpha and RANTES that target Id to APCs in a mouse B lymphoma (A20) and a multiple myeloma model (MOPC315). |
| 179 | 17540847 | MIP-1alpha was more potent than RANTES. |
| 180 | 17540847 | When delivered in vivo by intramuscular injection of plasmids followed by electroporation, dimeric proteins efficiently primed APCs in draining lymph nodes for activation and proliferation of Id-specific CD4(+) T cells. |
| 181 | 17540847 | Here we compare monomeric and dimeric forms of MIP-1alpha and RANTES that target Id to APCs in a mouse B lymphoma (A20) and a multiple myeloma model (MOPC315). |
| 182 | 17540847 | MIP-1alpha was more potent than RANTES. |
| 183 | 17540847 | When delivered in vivo by intramuscular injection of plasmids followed by electroporation, dimeric proteins efficiently primed APCs in draining lymph nodes for activation and proliferation of Id-specific CD4(+) T cells. |
| 184 | 17548590 | To determine the mechanism by which the IFN-gamma-inducible proteasome (immuno) subunits enhance the ability of specific pathogen-derived peptides to elicit CD8 T cell responses, we generated a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes strain (rLM-E1) that secretes a model Ag encompassing the immunoproteasome-dependent E1B(192-200) and immunoproteasome-independent E1A(234-243) epitope. |
| 185 | 17548590 | Analyses of Ag presentation showed that infected gene-deficient professional APCs, lacking the immunosubunits LMP7/ibeta5 and MECL-1/ibeta2, processed and presented the rLM-E1-derived E1B(192-200) epitope but with delayed kinetics. |
| 186 | 17548590 | Accordingly, infected gene-deficient mice failed to respond to the otherwise immunodominant E1B(192-200) epitope but mounted normal CD8 T cell responses to E1A(234-243) which was processed by the same professional APCs, from the same rLM-E1 Ag. |
| 187 | 17548590 | To determine the mechanism by which the IFN-gamma-inducible proteasome (immuno) subunits enhance the ability of specific pathogen-derived peptides to elicit CD8 T cell responses, we generated a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes strain (rLM-E1) that secretes a model Ag encompassing the immunoproteasome-dependent E1B(192-200) and immunoproteasome-independent E1A(234-243) epitope. |
| 188 | 17548590 | Analyses of Ag presentation showed that infected gene-deficient professional APCs, lacking the immunosubunits LMP7/ibeta5 and MECL-1/ibeta2, processed and presented the rLM-E1-derived E1B(192-200) epitope but with delayed kinetics. |
| 189 | 17548590 | Accordingly, infected gene-deficient mice failed to respond to the otherwise immunodominant E1B(192-200) epitope but mounted normal CD8 T cell responses to E1A(234-243) which was processed by the same professional APCs, from the same rLM-E1 Ag. |
| 190 | 17804688 | CD14+ antigen-presenting cells in human dermis are less mature than their CD1a+ counterparts. |
| 191 | 17804688 | We recently demonstrated that three antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets exist in the healthy human dermis, CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs and migratory dermal Langerhans cells. |
| 192 | 17804688 | Here, we extend these findings by defining CD208 as an exclusive marker of migratory dermal Langerhans cells, confirming that migratory dermal Langerhans cells (CD1a(high) CD207(+) CD208(+)) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs (CD1a(mid) CD207(-) CD208(-)) are two distinct APC populations. |
| 193 | 17804688 | Using flow cytometry and multicolor fluorescence immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that there were striking differences between CD1a(+) and CD14(+) dermal APCs in their expression of pattern recognition receptors and maturation markers. |
| 194 | 17804688 | Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, CD206 and CD209 was largely restricted to CD14(+) dermal APCs. |
| 195 | 17804688 | Consistent with these observations, most CD14(+) dermal APCs expressed an immature phenotype when compared with CD1a(+) dermal APCs, which expressed high levels of the maturation marker CD83 on their cell surface. |
| 196 | 17804688 | However, a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs also expressed cell-surface CD83, associated with a loss of cell-surface TLR2, suggesting that they have the capacity to mature. |
| 197 | 17804688 | CD14(+) dermal APCs are therefore the dominant cutaneous APC population capable of sensing ligands recognized by CD206, CD209 and TLR2 and subsequently may have the potential to mature. |
| 198 | 17804688 | CD68 expression was largely restricted to a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs, while both CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs expressed CD11b and CD11c. |
| 199 | 17804688 | CD14+ antigen-presenting cells in human dermis are less mature than their CD1a+ counterparts. |
| 200 | 17804688 | We recently demonstrated that three antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets exist in the healthy human dermis, CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs and migratory dermal Langerhans cells. |
| 201 | 17804688 | Here, we extend these findings by defining CD208 as an exclusive marker of migratory dermal Langerhans cells, confirming that migratory dermal Langerhans cells (CD1a(high) CD207(+) CD208(+)) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs (CD1a(mid) CD207(-) CD208(-)) are two distinct APC populations. |
| 202 | 17804688 | Using flow cytometry and multicolor fluorescence immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that there were striking differences between CD1a(+) and CD14(+) dermal APCs in their expression of pattern recognition receptors and maturation markers. |
| 203 | 17804688 | Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, CD206 and CD209 was largely restricted to CD14(+) dermal APCs. |
| 204 | 17804688 | Consistent with these observations, most CD14(+) dermal APCs expressed an immature phenotype when compared with CD1a(+) dermal APCs, which expressed high levels of the maturation marker CD83 on their cell surface. |
| 205 | 17804688 | However, a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs also expressed cell-surface CD83, associated with a loss of cell-surface TLR2, suggesting that they have the capacity to mature. |
| 206 | 17804688 | CD14(+) dermal APCs are therefore the dominant cutaneous APC population capable of sensing ligands recognized by CD206, CD209 and TLR2 and subsequently may have the potential to mature. |
| 207 | 17804688 | CD68 expression was largely restricted to a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs, while both CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs expressed CD11b and CD11c. |
| 208 | 17804688 | CD14+ antigen-presenting cells in human dermis are less mature than their CD1a+ counterparts. |
| 209 | 17804688 | We recently demonstrated that three antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets exist in the healthy human dermis, CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs and migratory dermal Langerhans cells. |
| 210 | 17804688 | Here, we extend these findings by defining CD208 as an exclusive marker of migratory dermal Langerhans cells, confirming that migratory dermal Langerhans cells (CD1a(high) CD207(+) CD208(+)) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs (CD1a(mid) CD207(-) CD208(-)) are two distinct APC populations. |
| 211 | 17804688 | Using flow cytometry and multicolor fluorescence immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that there were striking differences between CD1a(+) and CD14(+) dermal APCs in their expression of pattern recognition receptors and maturation markers. |
| 212 | 17804688 | Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, CD206 and CD209 was largely restricted to CD14(+) dermal APCs. |
| 213 | 17804688 | Consistent with these observations, most CD14(+) dermal APCs expressed an immature phenotype when compared with CD1a(+) dermal APCs, which expressed high levels of the maturation marker CD83 on their cell surface. |
| 214 | 17804688 | However, a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs also expressed cell-surface CD83, associated with a loss of cell-surface TLR2, suggesting that they have the capacity to mature. |
| 215 | 17804688 | CD14(+) dermal APCs are therefore the dominant cutaneous APC population capable of sensing ligands recognized by CD206, CD209 and TLR2 and subsequently may have the potential to mature. |
| 216 | 17804688 | CD68 expression was largely restricted to a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs, while both CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs expressed CD11b and CD11c. |
| 217 | 17804688 | CD14+ antigen-presenting cells in human dermis are less mature than their CD1a+ counterparts. |
| 218 | 17804688 | We recently demonstrated that three antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets exist in the healthy human dermis, CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs and migratory dermal Langerhans cells. |
| 219 | 17804688 | Here, we extend these findings by defining CD208 as an exclusive marker of migratory dermal Langerhans cells, confirming that migratory dermal Langerhans cells (CD1a(high) CD207(+) CD208(+)) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs (CD1a(mid) CD207(-) CD208(-)) are two distinct APC populations. |
| 220 | 17804688 | Using flow cytometry and multicolor fluorescence immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that there were striking differences between CD1a(+) and CD14(+) dermal APCs in their expression of pattern recognition receptors and maturation markers. |
| 221 | 17804688 | Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, CD206 and CD209 was largely restricted to CD14(+) dermal APCs. |
| 222 | 17804688 | Consistent with these observations, most CD14(+) dermal APCs expressed an immature phenotype when compared with CD1a(+) dermal APCs, which expressed high levels of the maturation marker CD83 on their cell surface. |
| 223 | 17804688 | However, a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs also expressed cell-surface CD83, associated with a loss of cell-surface TLR2, suggesting that they have the capacity to mature. |
| 224 | 17804688 | CD14(+) dermal APCs are therefore the dominant cutaneous APC population capable of sensing ligands recognized by CD206, CD209 and TLR2 and subsequently may have the potential to mature. |
| 225 | 17804688 | CD68 expression was largely restricted to a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs, while both CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs expressed CD11b and CD11c. |
| 226 | 17804688 | CD14+ antigen-presenting cells in human dermis are less mature than their CD1a+ counterparts. |
| 227 | 17804688 | We recently demonstrated that three antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets exist in the healthy human dermis, CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs and migratory dermal Langerhans cells. |
| 228 | 17804688 | Here, we extend these findings by defining CD208 as an exclusive marker of migratory dermal Langerhans cells, confirming that migratory dermal Langerhans cells (CD1a(high) CD207(+) CD208(+)) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs (CD1a(mid) CD207(-) CD208(-)) are two distinct APC populations. |
| 229 | 17804688 | Using flow cytometry and multicolor fluorescence immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that there were striking differences between CD1a(+) and CD14(+) dermal APCs in their expression of pattern recognition receptors and maturation markers. |
| 230 | 17804688 | Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, CD206 and CD209 was largely restricted to CD14(+) dermal APCs. |
| 231 | 17804688 | Consistent with these observations, most CD14(+) dermal APCs expressed an immature phenotype when compared with CD1a(+) dermal APCs, which expressed high levels of the maturation marker CD83 on their cell surface. |
| 232 | 17804688 | However, a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs also expressed cell-surface CD83, associated with a loss of cell-surface TLR2, suggesting that they have the capacity to mature. |
| 233 | 17804688 | CD14(+) dermal APCs are therefore the dominant cutaneous APC population capable of sensing ligands recognized by CD206, CD209 and TLR2 and subsequently may have the potential to mature. |
| 234 | 17804688 | CD68 expression was largely restricted to a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs, while both CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs expressed CD11b and CD11c. |
| 235 | 17804688 | CD14+ antigen-presenting cells in human dermis are less mature than their CD1a+ counterparts. |
| 236 | 17804688 | We recently demonstrated that three antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets exist in the healthy human dermis, CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs and migratory dermal Langerhans cells. |
| 237 | 17804688 | Here, we extend these findings by defining CD208 as an exclusive marker of migratory dermal Langerhans cells, confirming that migratory dermal Langerhans cells (CD1a(high) CD207(+) CD208(+)) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs (CD1a(mid) CD207(-) CD208(-)) are two distinct APC populations. |
| 238 | 17804688 | Using flow cytometry and multicolor fluorescence immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that there were striking differences between CD1a(+) and CD14(+) dermal APCs in their expression of pattern recognition receptors and maturation markers. |
| 239 | 17804688 | Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, CD206 and CD209 was largely restricted to CD14(+) dermal APCs. |
| 240 | 17804688 | Consistent with these observations, most CD14(+) dermal APCs expressed an immature phenotype when compared with CD1a(+) dermal APCs, which expressed high levels of the maturation marker CD83 on their cell surface. |
| 241 | 17804688 | However, a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs also expressed cell-surface CD83, associated with a loss of cell-surface TLR2, suggesting that they have the capacity to mature. |
| 242 | 17804688 | CD14(+) dermal APCs are therefore the dominant cutaneous APC population capable of sensing ligands recognized by CD206, CD209 and TLR2 and subsequently may have the potential to mature. |
| 243 | 17804688 | CD68 expression was largely restricted to a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs, while both CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs expressed CD11b and CD11c. |
| 244 | 17804688 | CD14+ antigen-presenting cells in human dermis are less mature than their CD1a+ counterparts. |
| 245 | 17804688 | We recently demonstrated that three antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets exist in the healthy human dermis, CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs and migratory dermal Langerhans cells. |
| 246 | 17804688 | Here, we extend these findings by defining CD208 as an exclusive marker of migratory dermal Langerhans cells, confirming that migratory dermal Langerhans cells (CD1a(high) CD207(+) CD208(+)) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs (CD1a(mid) CD207(-) CD208(-)) are two distinct APC populations. |
| 247 | 17804688 | Using flow cytometry and multicolor fluorescence immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that there were striking differences between CD1a(+) and CD14(+) dermal APCs in their expression of pattern recognition receptors and maturation markers. |
| 248 | 17804688 | Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, CD206 and CD209 was largely restricted to CD14(+) dermal APCs. |
| 249 | 17804688 | Consistent with these observations, most CD14(+) dermal APCs expressed an immature phenotype when compared with CD1a(+) dermal APCs, which expressed high levels of the maturation marker CD83 on their cell surface. |
| 250 | 17804688 | However, a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs also expressed cell-surface CD83, associated with a loss of cell-surface TLR2, suggesting that they have the capacity to mature. |
| 251 | 17804688 | CD14(+) dermal APCs are therefore the dominant cutaneous APC population capable of sensing ligands recognized by CD206, CD209 and TLR2 and subsequently may have the potential to mature. |
| 252 | 17804688 | CD68 expression was largely restricted to a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs, while both CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs expressed CD11b and CD11c. |
| 253 | 17804688 | CD14+ antigen-presenting cells in human dermis are less mature than their CD1a+ counterparts. |
| 254 | 17804688 | We recently demonstrated that three antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets exist in the healthy human dermis, CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs and migratory dermal Langerhans cells. |
| 255 | 17804688 | Here, we extend these findings by defining CD208 as an exclusive marker of migratory dermal Langerhans cells, confirming that migratory dermal Langerhans cells (CD1a(high) CD207(+) CD208(+)) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs (CD1a(mid) CD207(-) CD208(-)) are two distinct APC populations. |
| 256 | 17804688 | Using flow cytometry and multicolor fluorescence immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that there were striking differences between CD1a(+) and CD14(+) dermal APCs in their expression of pattern recognition receptors and maturation markers. |
| 257 | 17804688 | Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, CD206 and CD209 was largely restricted to CD14(+) dermal APCs. |
| 258 | 17804688 | Consistent with these observations, most CD14(+) dermal APCs expressed an immature phenotype when compared with CD1a(+) dermal APCs, which expressed high levels of the maturation marker CD83 on their cell surface. |
| 259 | 17804688 | However, a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs also expressed cell-surface CD83, associated with a loss of cell-surface TLR2, suggesting that they have the capacity to mature. |
| 260 | 17804688 | CD14(+) dermal APCs are therefore the dominant cutaneous APC population capable of sensing ligands recognized by CD206, CD209 and TLR2 and subsequently may have the potential to mature. |
| 261 | 17804688 | CD68 expression was largely restricted to a subset of CD14(+) dermal APCs, while both CD14(+) and CD1a(+) dermal APCs expressed CD11b and CD11c. |
| 262 | 17892515 | In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of the HSP105-pulsed BM-DC vaccine on tumor regression in the Apc(Min/+) mouse. |
| 263 | 17892515 | Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the tumors of the Apc(Min/+) mice endogenously overexpressed HSP105. |
| 264 | 17892515 | Immunization of the Apc(Min/+) mice with a HSP105-pulsed BM-DC vaccine at 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age significantly reduced the number of small-intestinal polyps accompanied by infiltration of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the tumors. |
| 265 | 17892515 | Cell depletion experiments proved that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells play a critical role in the activation of antitumor immunity induced by these vaccinations. |
| 266 | 17892515 | These findings indicate that the HSP105-pulsed BM-DC vaccine can provide potent immunotherapy for tumors that appear spontaneously as a result of the inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene, such as in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model. |
| 267 | 17892515 | In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of the HSP105-pulsed BM-DC vaccine on tumor regression in the Apc(Min/+) mouse. |
| 268 | 17892515 | Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the tumors of the Apc(Min/+) mice endogenously overexpressed HSP105. |
| 269 | 17892515 | Immunization of the Apc(Min/+) mice with a HSP105-pulsed BM-DC vaccine at 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age significantly reduced the number of small-intestinal polyps accompanied by infiltration of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the tumors. |
| 270 | 17892515 | Cell depletion experiments proved that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells play a critical role in the activation of antitumor immunity induced by these vaccinations. |
| 271 | 17892515 | These findings indicate that the HSP105-pulsed BM-DC vaccine can provide potent immunotherapy for tumors that appear spontaneously as a result of the inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene, such as in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model. |
| 272 | 17892515 | In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of the HSP105-pulsed BM-DC vaccine on tumor regression in the Apc(Min/+) mouse. |
| 273 | 17892515 | Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the tumors of the Apc(Min/+) mice endogenously overexpressed HSP105. |
| 274 | 17892515 | Immunization of the Apc(Min/+) mice with a HSP105-pulsed BM-DC vaccine at 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age significantly reduced the number of small-intestinal polyps accompanied by infiltration of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the tumors. |
| 275 | 17892515 | Cell depletion experiments proved that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells play a critical role in the activation of antitumor immunity induced by these vaccinations. |
| 276 | 17892515 | These findings indicate that the HSP105-pulsed BM-DC vaccine can provide potent immunotherapy for tumors that appear spontaneously as a result of the inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene, such as in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model. |
| 277 | 17892515 | In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of the HSP105-pulsed BM-DC vaccine on tumor regression in the Apc(Min/+) mouse. |
| 278 | 17892515 | Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the tumors of the Apc(Min/+) mice endogenously overexpressed HSP105. |
| 279 | 17892515 | Immunization of the Apc(Min/+) mice with a HSP105-pulsed BM-DC vaccine at 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age significantly reduced the number of small-intestinal polyps accompanied by infiltration of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the tumors. |
| 280 | 17892515 | Cell depletion experiments proved that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells play a critical role in the activation of antitumor immunity induced by these vaccinations. |
| 281 | 17892515 | These findings indicate that the HSP105-pulsed BM-DC vaccine can provide potent immunotherapy for tumors that appear spontaneously as a result of the inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene, such as in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model. |
| 282 | 17980936 | The mechanism of stimulation of the immune system by this kind of vaccine is likely to be through the augmentation of APC maturation (a significantly increased proportion of CD86+ CD11c+ was determined in vaccinated mice), consequent activation of T lymphocytes (the proportions of CD25+ and CD69+ splenic lymphocytes increased after the exposure to activated DCs) and establishment of memory cells. |
| 283 | 18056388 | Improved protection against disseminated tuberculosis by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin secreting murine GM-CSF is associated with expansion and activation of APCs. |
| 284 | 18056388 | BCG-derived GM-CSF stimulated the in vitro generation of functional APCs from murine bone marrow precursors, as demonstrated by the infection-induced secretion of IL-12 by differentiated APCs, and the ability of these cells to present Ag to mycobacterium-specific T cells. |
| 285 | 18056388 | The increased APC number was associated with an increase in the frequency of anti-mycobacterial IFN-gamma-secreting T cells generated after BCG:GM-CSF vaccination compared with vaccination with control BCG, and this effect was sustained up to 17 wk in the spleens of immunized mice. |
| 286 | 18056388 | Improved protection against disseminated tuberculosis by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin secreting murine GM-CSF is associated with expansion and activation of APCs. |
| 287 | 18056388 | BCG-derived GM-CSF stimulated the in vitro generation of functional APCs from murine bone marrow precursors, as demonstrated by the infection-induced secretion of IL-12 by differentiated APCs, and the ability of these cells to present Ag to mycobacterium-specific T cells. |
| 288 | 18056388 | The increased APC number was associated with an increase in the frequency of anti-mycobacterial IFN-gamma-secreting T cells generated after BCG:GM-CSF vaccination compared with vaccination with control BCG, and this effect was sustained up to 17 wk in the spleens of immunized mice. |
| 289 | 18381820 | Earlier studies showed that depolymerization of polysaccharide A (PSA) from Bacteroides fragilis in the endosome depends on the APC's having an intact inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene; the chemical mechanism underlying depolymerization of a carbohydrate within the endosome/lysosome is described here. |
| 290 | 18381820 | Examining the ability of the major RNSs to degrade PSA, we determined that deamination is the predominant mechanism for PSA processing in APCs and is a required step in PSA presentation to CD4(+) T cells by MHCII molecules. |
| 291 | 18381820 | Unlike native PSA, PSA-NO is presented by iNOS-deficient APCs to induce CD4(+) T cell proliferation. |
| 292 | 18686103 | Since T-regulatory cells and other T-cell subsets express TLR2, and TLR2 engagement modifies functionality and activation state of these cells, we speculate that most effects induced by natural and chemically derived ZPS may be explained by their TLR2 agonist properties, presumably through the combined action on TLR2-expressing APCs and T cells. |
| 293 | 19017952 | During T cell interaction with APC, CD28 is recruited to the central region (cSMAC) of the immunological synapse. |
| 294 | 19017952 | CD28-mediated signaling through PI3K results in the recruitment of protein kinase C-theta (PKCtheta) to the cSMAC, activation of NF-kappaB, and up-regulation of IL-2 transcription. |
| 295 | 19017952 | In this report, we show that CD28 recruitment and persistence at the immunological synapse requires TCR signals and CD80 engagement. |
| 296 | 19017952 | Addition of mAb to either MHC class II or CD80 results in the rapid displacement of CD28 from the immunological synapse. |
| 297 | 19017952 | Ligand binding is not sufficient for CD28 localization to the immunological synapse, as truncation of the cytosolic tail of CD28 disrupts synapse localization without effecting the ability of CD28 to bind CD80. |
| 298 | 19017952 | Mutation of tyrosine 188 also results in diminished activation of NF-kappaB, suggesting that CD28-mediated localization of PKCtheta to the cSMAC is important for efficient signal transduction. |
| 299 | 19124733 | The magnitude and quality of the CD8+ T cell response are regulated by the interplay between the size of the APC population and duration of Ag presentation. |
| 300 | 19404546 | Here, we present novel insights into the participation of DV in the downregulation of the thrombomodulin-thrombin-protein C complex formation at the endothelial surface, with a reduction in activated protein C (APC). |
| 301 | 19404546 | APC is the most important vasoprotective protein because it downregulates thrombin generation (by the inactivation of procoagulant factors Va and VIIIa) and has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and barrier protection properties. |
| 302 | 19404546 | These biological functions of APC are associated with the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) signalling pathways, which link the coagulation-inflammation responses. |
| 303 | 19404546 | Here, we present novel insights into the participation of DV in the downregulation of the thrombomodulin-thrombin-protein C complex formation at the endothelial surface, with a reduction in activated protein C (APC). |
| 304 | 19404546 | APC is the most important vasoprotective protein because it downregulates thrombin generation (by the inactivation of procoagulant factors Va and VIIIa) and has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and barrier protection properties. |
| 305 | 19404546 | These biological functions of APC are associated with the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) signalling pathways, which link the coagulation-inflammation responses. |
| 306 | 19404546 | Here, we present novel insights into the participation of DV in the downregulation of the thrombomodulin-thrombin-protein C complex formation at the endothelial surface, with a reduction in activated protein C (APC). |
| 307 | 19404546 | APC is the most important vasoprotective protein because it downregulates thrombin generation (by the inactivation of procoagulant factors Va and VIIIa) and has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and barrier protection properties. |
| 308 | 19404546 | These biological functions of APC are associated with the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) signalling pathways, which link the coagulation-inflammation responses. |
| 309 | 19494321 | Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) possess an immune plasticity manifested by either an immunosuppressive or, when activated with IFN-gamma, an APC phenotype. |
| 310 | 19494321 | We observed that human MSC and macrophages expressed TLR3 and TLR4 at comparable levels and TLR-mediated activation of MSC resulted in the production of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, and CCL5. |
| 311 | 19494321 | IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma priming up-regulated production of these inflammatory mediators and expression of IFNB, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and TRAIL upon TLR activation in MSC and macrophages, but failed to induce IL-12 and TNF-alpha production in MSC. |
| 312 | 19494321 | In addition, IFN priming combined with TLR activation may increase immune responses induced by Ag-presenting MSC through presentation of Ag in an inflammatory context, a mechanism that could be applied in a cell-based vaccine. |
| 313 | 19776199 | In this study, we directly compared murine CD11c+ APCs isolated from colon, lung, and spleen and found that APCs isolated from these tissues differ considerably in Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and responses to in vitro TLR ligand stimulation. |
| 314 | 19776199 | We also provide evidence that tissue microenvironments dictate distinct patterns of TLR expression by CD11c+ APCs in different mucosal tissues. |
| 315 | 19776199 | In this study, we directly compared murine CD11c+ APCs isolated from colon, lung, and spleen and found that APCs isolated from these tissues differ considerably in Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and responses to in vitro TLR ligand stimulation. |
| 316 | 19776199 | We also provide evidence that tissue microenvironments dictate distinct patterns of TLR expression by CD11c+ APCs in different mucosal tissues. |
| 317 | 19882154 | A culture of isolated tumor-infiltrated CD11b cells in the presence of AZA and GM-CSF promoted their differentiation into mature F4/80/CD11c/MHC class II-positive APCs. |
| 318 | 19882154 | These tumor-derived myeloid APCs produced substantially reduced amounts of immunosuppressive (IL-13, IL-10, PGE(2)), pro-angiogenic (VEGF, MMP-9) and pro-inflammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, MIP-2) mediators than their precursors, freshly isolated tumor-infiltrated CD11b cells. |
| 319 | 19882154 | A culture of isolated tumor-infiltrated CD11b cells in the presence of AZA and GM-CSF promoted their differentiation into mature F4/80/CD11c/MHC class II-positive APCs. |
| 320 | 19882154 | These tumor-derived myeloid APCs produced substantially reduced amounts of immunosuppressive (IL-13, IL-10, PGE(2)), pro-angiogenic (VEGF, MMP-9) and pro-inflammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, MIP-2) mediators than their precursors, freshly isolated tumor-infiltrated CD11b cells. |
| 321 | 19962962 | Here we described a method for delivering whole protein antigens to APCs via carbohydrate-mediated targeting of Dectin-1, which is a C-type lectin and mainly expresses on subpopulations of dendritic cells and macrophages. |
| 322 | 19962962 | Taken together, our data suggest that APCs targeting based on glucan-Dectin-1 interaction is a promising approach to improve vaccines. |
| 323 | 19962962 | Here we described a method for delivering whole protein antigens to APCs via carbohydrate-mediated targeting of Dectin-1, which is a C-type lectin and mainly expresses on subpopulations of dendritic cells and macrophages. |
| 324 | 19962962 | Taken together, our data suggest that APCs targeting based on glucan-Dectin-1 interaction is a promising approach to improve vaccines. |
| 325 | 21149605 | Antibody-targeted NY-ESO-1 to mannose receptor or DEC-205 in vitro elicits dual human CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses with broad antigen specificity. |
| 326 | 21149605 | Immunization of cancer patients with vaccines containing full-length tumor Ags aims to elicit specific Abs and both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 327 | 21149605 | Vaccination with protein Ags, however, often elicits only CD4(+) T cell responses without inducing Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells, as exogenous protein is primarily presented to CD4(+) T cells. |
| 328 | 21149605 | Recent data revealed that Ab-mediated targeting of protein Ags to cell surface receptors on dendritic cells could enhance the induction of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 329 | 21149605 | We generated two novel targeting proteins consisting of the full-length NY-ESO-1 fused to the C terminus of two human mAbs against the human mannose receptor and DEC-205, both internalizing molecules expressed on APC. |
| 330 | 21149605 | These targeting proteins were evaluated for their ability to activate NY-ESO-1-specific human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in vitro. |
| 331 | 21149605 | Whereas nontargeted and Ab-targeted NY-ESO-1 proteins similarly activated CD4(+) T cells, cross-presentation to CD8(+) T cells was only efficiently induced by targeted NY-ESO-1. |
| 332 | 21149605 | In addition, both mannose receptor and DEC-205 targeting elicited specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from PBLs of cancer patients. |
| 333 | 21149605 | Receptor-specific delivery of NY-ESO-1 to APC appears to be a promising vaccination strategy to efficiently generate integrated and broad Ag-specific immune responses against NY-ESO-1 in cancer patients. |
| 334 | 21483862 | In fact, injection of α-GalCer-loaded CD1d-/- BM-DCs resulted in potent iNKT cell activation, suggesting that this glycolipid antigen can also be transferred to resident CD1d+ APCs. |
| 335 | 22006508 | Complexes with biotinylated antibodies targeting cell surface receptors are formed and used to deliver the Ags of choice for processing and presentation by APCs and induction of Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. |
| 336 | 22573738 | We demonstrated that direct exposure of porcine APCs to L. jensenii in the absence of inflammatory signals increased expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β in CD172a(+) APCs and caused them to display tolerogenic properties. |
| 337 | 22573738 | In addition, pretreatment of CD172a(+) APCs with L. jensenii resulted in differential modulation of the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to TLR4 activation. |
| 338 | 22573738 | The immunomodulatory effect of strain TL2937 was not related to a downregulation of TLR4 but was related to an upregulation of the expression of three negative regulators of TLRs: single immunoglobulin IL-1-related receptor (SIGIRR), A20, and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M). |
| 339 | 22573738 | Our results also indicated that TLR2 has an important role in the anti-inflammatory activity of L. jensenii TL2937, since anti-TLR2 antibodies blocked the upregulation of SIGIRR and IRAK-M in CD172a(+) APCs and the production of IL-10 in response to TLR4 activation. |
| 340 | 22573738 | We demonstrated that direct exposure of porcine APCs to L. jensenii in the absence of inflammatory signals increased expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β in CD172a(+) APCs and caused them to display tolerogenic properties. |
| 341 | 22573738 | In addition, pretreatment of CD172a(+) APCs with L. jensenii resulted in differential modulation of the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to TLR4 activation. |
| 342 | 22573738 | The immunomodulatory effect of strain TL2937 was not related to a downregulation of TLR4 but was related to an upregulation of the expression of three negative regulators of TLRs: single immunoglobulin IL-1-related receptor (SIGIRR), A20, and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M). |
| 343 | 22573738 | Our results also indicated that TLR2 has an important role in the anti-inflammatory activity of L. jensenii TL2937, since anti-TLR2 antibodies blocked the upregulation of SIGIRR and IRAK-M in CD172a(+) APCs and the production of IL-10 in response to TLR4 activation. |
| 344 | 22595444 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70 (mHSP70) have been found to promote immunogenic APCs function, elicit a strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, and prevent the induction of tolerance. |
| 345 | 22875619 | We isolated phenotypically defined CD4(+) T-cell subpopulations from circulating lymphocytes of DR52b(+) healthy donors by flow cytometry cell sorting and stimulated them in vitro with peptide ESO(119-143), autologous APC and IL-2. |
| 346 | 22875619 | We isolated ESO-tetramer(+) cells by flow cytometry cell sorting and expanded them with PHA, APC and IL-2 to generate ESO-specific T(H) lines. |
| 347 | 22875619 | Using this approach, we could consistently generate ESO-tetramer(+) T(H) lines from conventional CD4(+)CD25(-) naïve and central memory populations, but not from effector memory populations or CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg. |
| 348 | 22875619 | We isolated phenotypically defined CD4(+) T-cell subpopulations from circulating lymphocytes of DR52b(+) healthy donors by flow cytometry cell sorting and stimulated them in vitro with peptide ESO(119-143), autologous APC and IL-2. |
| 349 | 22875619 | We isolated ESO-tetramer(+) cells by flow cytometry cell sorting and expanded them with PHA, APC and IL-2 to generate ESO-specific T(H) lines. |
| 350 | 22875619 | Using this approach, we could consistently generate ESO-tetramer(+) T(H) lines from conventional CD4(+)CD25(-) naïve and central memory populations, but not from effector memory populations or CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg. |
| 351 | 24041689 | Co-stimulatory signaling pathway triggered by the binding of B7.1/B7.2 (CD80/86) of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to CD28 of T cells is required for optimal T-cell activation. |
| 352 | 24041689 | Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a negative regulator of T cell activation, which competes with CD28 for B7.1/B7.2 binding with a greater affinity. |
| 353 | 24041689 | To develop a novel therapeutics specifically targeting CTLA-4, we constructed a DNA vaccine by cloning the sequence of CTLA-4 fused with a transmembrane domain sequence of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) into a mammalian expression plasmid, pVAC-1. |
| 354 | 24778318 | We explored the interaction of the tumor-derived heat shock proteins (HSP) with their common receptor (CD91) on antigen-presenting cells (APC) as a mechanism for host-priming of T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. |
| 355 | 24778318 | Using targeted genetic disruption of the interaction between HSPs and CD91, we demonstrated that specific ablation of CD91 in APCs prevented the establishment of antitumor immunity. |
| 356 | 24778318 | The antitumor immunity was also inhibited when the transfer of tumor-derived HSPs to APCs was prevented using an endogenous inhibitor of CD91. |
| 357 | 24778318 | We explored the interaction of the tumor-derived heat shock proteins (HSP) with their common receptor (CD91) on antigen-presenting cells (APC) as a mechanism for host-priming of T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. |
| 358 | 24778318 | Using targeted genetic disruption of the interaction between HSPs and CD91, we demonstrated that specific ablation of CD91 in APCs prevented the establishment of antitumor immunity. |
| 359 | 24778318 | The antitumor immunity was also inhibited when the transfer of tumor-derived HSPs to APCs was prevented using an endogenous inhibitor of CD91. |
| 360 | 25175154 | In this study, a solid-liquid interfacial shear device was used to investigate the shear response of aluminum phosphate adjuvant alone and two adjuvant containing vaccine drug products (DP1 and DP2). |
| 361 | 26148331 | We observed that at d 3-4 post vaccination, 6 genes were down-regulated, namely APC, CD3G, FASLG, IL7, CD8A and TLR1. |
| 362 | 26148331 | Meanwhile at 6-7 days post vaccination, 9 genes were significantly up-regulated, including RIPK2, TGFB1, MICB, SOCS1, IL2RA, MS4A1, PTPRC, IL2 and IL8. |
| 363 | 26148331 | By days 12-15 the genes RIPK2, IL4, IL12B and TLR2 were overexpressed. |
| 364 | 26231333 | Expression of surface markers on APCs (CD80, CD86) and T-cells (CD4+, CD8+) was also evaluated. |