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PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
15181282
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CD137 (4-1BB), is an inducible T-cell costimulatory receptor and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily.
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2 |
15181282
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The natural counter receptor for CD137 is 4-1BB ligand, a member of the TNF superfamily that is weakly expressed on naïve or resting B cells, macrophages, and DCs.
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3 |
15181282
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In T cells CD137-induced signals lead to the recruitment of TRAF family members and activation of several kinases, including ASK-1, MKK, MAPK3/ MAPK4, p38, and JNK/SAPK.
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4 |
15181282
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Kinase activation is then followed by the activation and nuclear translocation of several transcription factors, including ATF-2, Jun, and NF-kappaB.
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5 |
15181282
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In addition to augmenting suboptimal TCR-induced proliferation, CD137-mediated signaling protects T cells, and in particular, CD8+ T cells from activation-induced cell death (AICD).
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6 |
20006311
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ESAT-6 also inhibited T-cell production of IL-17 and TNF-a, but not IL-2.
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7 |
20006311
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ESAT-6 reduced IFN-gamma mRNA levels by inhibiting the expression of the transcription factors, ATF-2, c-Jun and CREB, which upregulate IFN-gamma gene expression in T cells through binding to the IFN-gamma proximal promoter.
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8 |
22278222
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Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) suppresses the induction of interferon by measles virus.
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9 |
22278222
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ADAR1, the interferon (IFN)-inducible adenosine deaminase acting on RNA, catalyzes the C-6 deamination of adenosine (A) to produce inosine (I) in RNA substrates with a double-stranded character.
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10 |
22278222
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Because double-stranded RNA is a known inducer of IFN, we tested the role of ADAR1 in IFN induction following virus infection.
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11 |
22278222
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HeLa cells made stably deficient in ADAR1 (ADAR1(kd)) were compared to vector control (CON(kd)) and protein kinase PKR-deficient (PKR(kd)) cells for IFN-β induction following infection with either parental (wild-type [WT]) recombinant Moraten vaccine strain measles virus (MV) or isogenic knockout mutants deficient for either V (V(ko)) or C (C(ko)) protein expression.
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12 |
22278222
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We observed potent IFN-β transcript induction in ADAR1(kd) cells by all three viruses; in contrast, in ADAR1-sufficient CON(kd) cells, only the C(ko) mutant virus was an effective inducer and the IFN-β RNA induction was amplified by PKR.
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13 |
22278222
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The enhanced IFN-β transcript-inducing capacity of the WT and V(ko) viruses seen in ADAR1-deficient cells correlated with the enhanced activation of PKR, IFN regulatory factor IRF3, and activator of transcription ATF2, reaching levels similar to those seen in C(ko) virus-infected cells.
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14 |
22278222
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These results suggest that ADAR1 functions as an important suppressor of MV-mediated responses, including the activation of PKR and IRF3 and the induction of IFN-β RNA.
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15 |
22278222
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Our findings further implicate a balanced interplay between PKR and ADAR1 in modulating IFN-β protein production following virus infection.
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16 |
22904313
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Peripheral blood monocytes were treated with GM-CSF and IL-4 to yield immature DCs, which were matured by addition of LPS and CD40 ligand (CD40L), with or without ESAT-6.
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17 |
22904313
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ESAT-6 inhibited LPS/CD40L-induced DC expression of costimulatory molecules, reduced DC-stimulated allogeneic T cell proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-γ production, and enhanced IL-17 production.
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18 |
22904313
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ESAT-6 inhibited LPS/CD40L-induced DC production of IL-12 and enhanced that of IL-23 and IL-1β, without affecting secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-8 through specific interaction with immature DCs.
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19 |
22904313
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Medium from ESAT-6-conditioned DCs increased IL-17 and reduced IFN-γ production by T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, and ESAT-6-induced IL-17 production was blocked by neutralizing both IL-23 and IL-1β.
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20 |
22904313
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ESAT-6 reduced LPS/CD40L-stimulated transcription of IL-12p35 and enhanced that of IL-23p19 through inhibition of IFN regulatory factor-1 and upregulation of activating transcription factor-2 and c-Jun, transcriptional regulators of IL-12p35 and IL-23p19, respectively.
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21 |
22904313
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We conclude that ESAT-6 increases DC production of IL-23 and IL-1β while inhibiting that of IL-12, thus enhancing Th17 at the expense of protective Th1 responses.
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22 |
25895972
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AP-1 Transcription Factor Serves as a Molecular Switch between Chlamydia pneumoniae Replication and Persistence.
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23 |
25895972
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Here we focused on the interaction of chlamydiae with the host cell transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) and its consequence on chlamydial development.
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24 |
25895972
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During Chlamydia pneumoniae infection, the expression and activity of AP-1 family proteins c-Jun, c-Fos, and ATF-2 were regulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
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25 |
25895972
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Furthermore, inhibition of the c-Jun-containing AP-1 complexes using tanshinone IIA changed the replicative infection phenotype into a persistent one.
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26 |
25895972
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In all, these data demonstrate that the AP-1 transcription factor is involved in C. pneumoniae development, with tanshinone IIA treatment resulting in persistence.
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