Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: CD46

Gene name: CD46 molecule, complement regulatory protein

HGNC ID: 6953

Synonyms: TRA2.10, MGC26544, TLX

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	AD5	1 hits
2	C4B	1 hits
3	C4BPA	1 hits
4	CCL2	1 hits
5	CCL3	1 hits
6	CD4	1 hits
7	CD55	1 hits
8	CD59	1 hits
9	CEACAM5	1 hits
10	CEBPB	1 hits
11	CFH	1 hits
12	CR1	1 hits
13	CR2	1 hits
14	CSF2	1 hits
15	CXADR	1 hits
16	EGF	1 hits
17	EGFR	1 hits
18	EIF2AK2	1 hits
19	ENPEP	1 hits
20	ERVWE1	1 hits
21	IFI44L	1 hits
22	IFN1	1 hits
23	IFNA1	1 hits
24	IFNAR1	1 hits
25	IFNAR2	1 hits
26	IFNG	1 hits
27	IGF1	1 hits
28	IGF1R	1 hits
29	IL12A	1 hits
30	IL13	1 hits
31	IL1R1	1 hits
32	IL2RB	1 hits
33	IL4	1 hits
34	IL6	1 hits
35	IL6R	1 hits
36	IL8	1 hits
37	IL8RA	1 hits
38	IL9	1 hits
39	IV	1 hits
40	MAP3K7	1 hits
41	MSN	1 hits
42	MX1	1 hits
43	NFKBIA	1 hits
44	OAS2	1 hits
45	PRKAR1A	1 hits
46	PVR	1 hits
47	PVRL4	1 hits
48	SLAMF1	1 hits
49	SLC5A5	1 hits
50	TLR2	1 hits
51	TLR9	1 hits
52	TMED3	1 hits
53	VCP	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	7526538	Complement control proteins, CD46, CD55, and CD59, as common surface constituents of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and possible targets for vaccine protection.
2	7526538	Three complement control proteins, CD46 (membrane cofactor protein), CD55 (decay accelerating protein), and CD59 (HRF20), were found by flow cytometry to be expressed on the surface of CD4+ cell lines commonly used for HIV-1 and SIV synthesis.
3	7526538	Monoclonal antibodies to each of these proteins precipitated HIV-1 IIIB and SIV delta/B670 synthesized in CEM x 174 cells and two primary HIV-1 isolates synthesized in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are physically associated with the virus membrane after the virus has been released from the surface of infected cells.
4	7526538	Evidence that CD46 and CD59 are immunogenic in macaques was found when anti-cell antibodies in plasmas from macaques immunized with human cell-grown SIV blocked anti-CD46 and anti-CD59 from binding to the surface of CEM x 174 cells.
5	7526538	These results demonstrate that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are common surface constituents of HIV-1 and SIV.
6	7526538	Complement control proteins, CD46, CD55, and CD59, as common surface constituents of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and possible targets for vaccine protection.
7	7526538	Three complement control proteins, CD46 (membrane cofactor protein), CD55 (decay accelerating protein), and CD59 (HRF20), were found by flow cytometry to be expressed on the surface of CD4+ cell lines commonly used for HIV-1 and SIV synthesis.
8	7526538	Monoclonal antibodies to each of these proteins precipitated HIV-1 IIIB and SIV delta/B670 synthesized in CEM x 174 cells and two primary HIV-1 isolates synthesized in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are physically associated with the virus membrane after the virus has been released from the surface of infected cells.
9	7526538	Evidence that CD46 and CD59 are immunogenic in macaques was found when anti-cell antibodies in plasmas from macaques immunized with human cell-grown SIV blocked anti-CD46 and anti-CD59 from binding to the surface of CEM x 174 cells.
10	7526538	These results demonstrate that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are common surface constituents of HIV-1 and SIV.
11	7526538	Complement control proteins, CD46, CD55, and CD59, as common surface constituents of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and possible targets for vaccine protection.
12	7526538	Three complement control proteins, CD46 (membrane cofactor protein), CD55 (decay accelerating protein), and CD59 (HRF20), were found by flow cytometry to be expressed on the surface of CD4+ cell lines commonly used for HIV-1 and SIV synthesis.
13	7526538	Monoclonal antibodies to each of these proteins precipitated HIV-1 IIIB and SIV delta/B670 synthesized in CEM x 174 cells and two primary HIV-1 isolates synthesized in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are physically associated with the virus membrane after the virus has been released from the surface of infected cells.
14	7526538	Evidence that CD46 and CD59 are immunogenic in macaques was found when anti-cell antibodies in plasmas from macaques immunized with human cell-grown SIV blocked anti-CD46 and anti-CD59 from binding to the surface of CEM x 174 cells.
15	7526538	These results demonstrate that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are common surface constituents of HIV-1 and SIV.
16	7526538	Complement control proteins, CD46, CD55, and CD59, as common surface constituents of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and possible targets for vaccine protection.
17	7526538	Three complement control proteins, CD46 (membrane cofactor protein), CD55 (decay accelerating protein), and CD59 (HRF20), were found by flow cytometry to be expressed on the surface of CD4+ cell lines commonly used for HIV-1 and SIV synthesis.
18	7526538	Monoclonal antibodies to each of these proteins precipitated HIV-1 IIIB and SIV delta/B670 synthesized in CEM x 174 cells and two primary HIV-1 isolates synthesized in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are physically associated with the virus membrane after the virus has been released from the surface of infected cells.
19	7526538	Evidence that CD46 and CD59 are immunogenic in macaques was found when anti-cell antibodies in plasmas from macaques immunized with human cell-grown SIV blocked anti-CD46 and anti-CD59 from binding to the surface of CEM x 174 cells.
20	7526538	These results demonstrate that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are common surface constituents of HIV-1 and SIV.
21	7526538	Complement control proteins, CD46, CD55, and CD59, as common surface constituents of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and possible targets for vaccine protection.
22	7526538	Three complement control proteins, CD46 (membrane cofactor protein), CD55 (decay accelerating protein), and CD59 (HRF20), were found by flow cytometry to be expressed on the surface of CD4+ cell lines commonly used for HIV-1 and SIV synthesis.
23	7526538	Monoclonal antibodies to each of these proteins precipitated HIV-1 IIIB and SIV delta/B670 synthesized in CEM x 174 cells and two primary HIV-1 isolates synthesized in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are physically associated with the virus membrane after the virus has been released from the surface of infected cells.
24	7526538	Evidence that CD46 and CD59 are immunogenic in macaques was found when anti-cell antibodies in plasmas from macaques immunized with human cell-grown SIV blocked anti-CD46 and anti-CD59 from binding to the surface of CEM x 174 cells.
25	7526538	These results demonstrate that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are common surface constituents of HIV-1 and SIV.
26	7732009	Recently, two cell surface molecules, CD46 and moesin, have been found to be functionally associated with measles virus (MV) infectivity of cells.
27	9862331	Cell cultures responding to either ESAT6 or synthetic peptides thereof showed mRNA transcripts for macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 or IL-8 and production of IFN-gamma and MIP-1alpha.
28	11024120	Hybrid proteins consisting of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) or the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) linked to the extracellular (carboxyl) terminus of the MV-Edm attachment protein hemagglutinin (H) were produced.
29	11024120	The standard H protein gene was replaced by one coding for H/EGF or H/IGF1 in cDNA copies of the MV genome.
30	11024120	MV displaying EGF or IGF1 efficiently entered CD46-negative rodent cells expressing the human EGF or the IGF1 receptor, respectively, and the EGF virus caused extensive syncytium formation and cell death.
31	11160713	This protein induced extensive syncytia in cells expressing the normal virus receptor CD46 and also in CD46-negative cells expressing the targeted receptor, human CEA.
32	11160713	Replication-competent MV with H replaced by H displaying the long-linker form of scAb was recovered and replicated efficiently in both CD46-positive and CD46-negative, CEA-positive cells.
33	11160713	This protein induced extensive syncytia in cells expressing the normal virus receptor CD46 and also in CD46-negative cells expressing the targeted receptor, human CEA.
34	11160713	Replication-competent MV with H replaced by H displaying the long-linker form of scAb was recovered and replicated efficiently in both CD46-positive and CD46-negative, CEA-positive cells.
35	11312320	The data indicate that proliferation inhibition induced by MV contact is independent of the presence or absence of the virus-binding receptors SLAM and CD46.
36	11398102	MV specifically ablates IL-12 production by monocyte/macrophages in vitro through binding to CD46, a complement regulatory protein that is an MV receptor.
37	11714966	Induction of the measles virus receptor SLAM (CD150) on monocytes.
38	11714966	Wild-type strains of measles virus (MV) isolated in B95a cells use the signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM; also known as CD150) as a cellular receptor, whereas the Edmonston strain and its derivative vaccine strains can use both SLAM and the ubiquitously expressed CD46 as receptors.
39	11714966	Induction of the measles virus receptor SLAM (CD150) on monocytes.
40	11714966	Wild-type strains of measles virus (MV) isolated in B95a cells use the signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM; also known as CD150) as a cellular receptor, whereas the Edmonston strain and its derivative vaccine strains can use both SLAM and the ubiquitously expressed CD46 as receptors.
41	11757799	Expression of the complement-regulatory proteins CD55, CD46 and CD59 are deregulated in cancer with tumors showing loss of one or more inhibitors and strong overexpression of others.
42	11757799	Similar vaccines targeting CD46 and CD59 would eliminate any cell overexpressing a complement inhibitor.
43	11757799	Expression of the complement-regulatory proteins CD55, CD46 and CD59 are deregulated in cancer with tumors showing loss of one or more inhibitors and strong overexpression of others.
44	11757799	Similar vaccines targeting CD46 and CD59 would eliminate any cell overexpressing a complement inhibitor.
45	11950898	An immunohistochemical study of the distribution of the measles virus receptors, CD46 and SLAM, in normal human tissues and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
46	11950898	We have compared the expression of the known measles virus (MV) receptors, membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and the signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (SLAM), using immunohistochemistry, in a range of normal peripheral tissues (known to be infected by MV) as well as in normal and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) brain.
47	11950898	In lymphoid tissues and blood, subsets of cells were positive for SLAM, in comparison to CD46, which stained all nucleated cell types.
48	11950898	None of the cell types most commonly infected by MV show detectable expression of SLAM, whereas CD46 is much more widely expressed and could fulfill a receptor function for some wild-type strains.
49	11950898	An immunohistochemical study of the distribution of the measles virus receptors, CD46 and SLAM, in normal human tissues and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
50	11950898	We have compared the expression of the known measles virus (MV) receptors, membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and the signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (SLAM), using immunohistochemistry, in a range of normal peripheral tissues (known to be infected by MV) as well as in normal and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) brain.
51	11950898	In lymphoid tissues and blood, subsets of cells were positive for SLAM, in comparison to CD46, which stained all nucleated cell types.
52	11950898	None of the cell types most commonly infected by MV show detectable expression of SLAM, whereas CD46 is much more widely expressed and could fulfill a receptor function for some wild-type strains.
53	11950898	An immunohistochemical study of the distribution of the measles virus receptors, CD46 and SLAM, in normal human tissues and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
54	11950898	We have compared the expression of the known measles virus (MV) receptors, membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and the signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (SLAM), using immunohistochemistry, in a range of normal peripheral tissues (known to be infected by MV) as well as in normal and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) brain.
55	11950898	In lymphoid tissues and blood, subsets of cells were positive for SLAM, in comparison to CD46, which stained all nucleated cell types.
56	11950898	None of the cell types most commonly infected by MV show detectable expression of SLAM, whereas CD46 is much more widely expressed and could fulfill a receptor function for some wild-type strains.
57	11950898	An immunohistochemical study of the distribution of the measles virus receptors, CD46 and SLAM, in normal human tissues and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
58	11950898	We have compared the expression of the known measles virus (MV) receptors, membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and the signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (SLAM), using immunohistochemistry, in a range of normal peripheral tissues (known to be infected by MV) as well as in normal and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) brain.
59	11950898	In lymphoid tissues and blood, subsets of cells were positive for SLAM, in comparison to CD46, which stained all nucleated cell types.
60	11950898	None of the cell types most commonly infected by MV show detectable expression of SLAM, whereas CD46 is much more widely expressed and could fulfill a receptor function for some wild-type strains.
61	11967306	SLAM (CDw150), a recently identified cellular receptor for wild-type MV, was not expressed in Vero cells, and a monoclonal antibody against CD46, a cellular receptor for Ed, did not block replication or syncytium formation of Ed/IC-H in Vero cells.
62	12029158	Analysis of receptor (CD46, CD150) usage by measles virus.
63	12029158	In order to investigate which measles virus (MV)-strains use CD46 and/or CD150 (signalling lymphocytic activation molecule, SLAM) as receptors, CHO cells expressing either recombinant CD46 or SLAM were infected with a panel of 28 MV-strains including vaccine strains, wild-type strains with various passage histories and recombinant viruses.
64	12029158	Predominantly vaccine and laboratory adapted strains, but also a minor fraction of the wild-type strains tested, could utilize both CD46 and SLAM.
65	12029158	This amino acid alteration has no affect on the usage of SLAM as receptor, and as such demonstrates that the binding sites for SLAM and CD46 are distinct.
66	12029158	Analysis of receptor (CD46, CD150) usage by measles virus.
67	12029158	In order to investigate which measles virus (MV)-strains use CD46 and/or CD150 (signalling lymphocytic activation molecule, SLAM) as receptors, CHO cells expressing either recombinant CD46 or SLAM were infected with a panel of 28 MV-strains including vaccine strains, wild-type strains with various passage histories and recombinant viruses.
68	12029158	Predominantly vaccine and laboratory adapted strains, but also a minor fraction of the wild-type strains tested, could utilize both CD46 and SLAM.
69	12029158	This amino acid alteration has no affect on the usage of SLAM as receptor, and as such demonstrates that the binding sites for SLAM and CD46 are distinct.
70	12029158	Analysis of receptor (CD46, CD150) usage by measles virus.
71	12029158	In order to investigate which measles virus (MV)-strains use CD46 and/or CD150 (signalling lymphocytic activation molecule, SLAM) as receptors, CHO cells expressing either recombinant CD46 or SLAM were infected with a panel of 28 MV-strains including vaccine strains, wild-type strains with various passage histories and recombinant viruses.
72	12029158	Predominantly vaccine and laboratory adapted strains, but also a minor fraction of the wild-type strains tested, could utilize both CD46 and SLAM.
73	12029158	This amino acid alteration has no affect on the usage of SLAM as receptor, and as such demonstrates that the binding sites for SLAM and CD46 are distinct.
74	12029158	Analysis of receptor (CD46, CD150) usage by measles virus.
75	12029158	In order to investigate which measles virus (MV)-strains use CD46 and/or CD150 (signalling lymphocytic activation molecule, SLAM) as receptors, CHO cells expressing either recombinant CD46 or SLAM were infected with a panel of 28 MV-strains including vaccine strains, wild-type strains with various passage histories and recombinant viruses.
76	12029158	Predominantly vaccine and laboratory adapted strains, but also a minor fraction of the wild-type strains tested, could utilize both CD46 and SLAM.
77	12029158	This amino acid alteration has no affect on the usage of SLAM as receptor, and as such demonstrates that the binding sites for SLAM and CD46 are distinct.
78	12050387	Wild-type measles virus (MV) strains use human signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) as a cellular receptor, while vaccine strains such as the Edmonston strain can use both SLAM and CD46 as receptors.
79	12050387	These results indicate that MV can infect a variety of cells, albeit with a low efficiency, by using an as yet unidentified receptor(s) other than SLAM or CD46, in part explaining the observed MV infection of SLAM-negative cells in vivo.
80	12050387	Wild-type measles virus (MV) strains use human signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) as a cellular receptor, while vaccine strains such as the Edmonston strain can use both SLAM and CD46 as receptors.
81	12050387	These results indicate that MV can infect a variety of cells, albeit with a low efficiency, by using an as yet unidentified receptor(s) other than SLAM or CD46, in part explaining the observed MV infection of SLAM-negative cells in vivo.
82	12163593	The ability to activate cells via TLR2 by wild-type MV H protein is abolished by mutation of a single amino acid, asparagine at position 481 to tyrosine, as is found in attenuated strains, which is important for interaction with CD46, the receptor for these strains.
83	12163593	TLR2 activation by MV wild-type H protein stimulates induction of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human monocytic cells and surface expression of CD150, the receptor for all MV strains.
84	12163593	Confirming the specificity of this interaction, wild-type H protein did not induce IL-6 release in macrophages from TLR2-/- mice.
85	12410346	Whereas all MV strains are able to use CD150 (SLAM) for binding and entry into target cells, only certain, mainly vaccine, strains, can use both CD46 and CD150.
86	12410346	Whereas down-regulation of CD46 could be linked to enhanced sensitivity to complement-mediated lysis, and may thus represent an attenuation marker for vaccine strains, pathogenetic consequences of CD150 down-regulation are unknown as yet.
87	12410346	Whereas all MV strains are able to use CD150 (SLAM) for binding and entry into target cells, only certain, mainly vaccine, strains, can use both CD46 and CD150.
88	12410346	Whereas down-regulation of CD46 could be linked to enhanced sensitivity to complement-mediated lysis, and may thus represent an attenuation marker for vaccine strains, pathogenetic consequences of CD150 down-regulation are unknown as yet.
89	12477820	Using virus pairs which, due to passage on fibroblasts versus lymphoid cells or due to a point mutation in the hemagglutinin (N481 --> Y), differed in their usage of the two receptor molecules CD46 and CD150 on human cells, it was found that viruses using exclusively CD150 in vitro spread to mediastinal lymph nodes and induced strong immune suppression.
90	12610126	To better evaluate the role of hSLAM in MV pathogenesis and MV-induced immunosuppression, we created transgenic (tg) mice that expressed the hSLAM molecule under the control of the lck proximal promoter. hSLAM was expressed on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the blood and spleen and also on CD4(+), CD8(+), CD4(+) CD8(+), and CD4(-) CD8(-) thymocytes.
91	12610126	Therefore, these tg mice provide the opportunity for analyzing and comparing MV-T cell interactions and MV pathogenesis in cells expressing only the hSLAM MV receptor with those of tg mice whose T cells selectively express another MV receptor, CD46.
92	12750267	Ifnar(ko) CD46 Ge transgenic mice, susceptible to MV infection, were used to assess central nervous system toxicity of MV-CEA.
93	12750267	Intracranial administration of MV-CEA into the caudate nucleus of Ifnar(ko) CD46 Ge did not result in clinical neurotoxicity.
94	12750267	Ifnar(ko) CD46 Ge transgenic mice, susceptible to MV infection, were used to assess central nervous system toxicity of MV-CEA.
95	12750267	Intracranial administration of MV-CEA into the caudate nucleus of Ifnar(ko) CD46 Ge did not result in clinical neurotoxicity.
96	12867645	The vaccine or Vero cell-adapted strains of measles virus (MV) have been reported to use CD46 as a cell entry receptor, while lymphotropic MVs preferentially use the signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM or CD150).
97	12867645	Such pseudotype viruses could use SLAM but not CD46 for entry.
98	12867645	Furthermore, the unknown receptor(s), distinct from SLAM and CD46, may be present on cell lines derived from lymphoid and neural cells.
99	12867645	The vaccine or Vero cell-adapted strains of measles virus (MV) have been reported to use CD46 as a cell entry receptor, while lymphotropic MVs preferentially use the signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM or CD150).
100	12867645	Such pseudotype viruses could use SLAM but not CD46 for entry.
101	12867645	Furthermore, the unknown receptor(s), distinct from SLAM and CD46, may be present on cell lines derived from lymphoid and neural cells.
102	12867645	The vaccine or Vero cell-adapted strains of measles virus (MV) have been reported to use CD46 as a cell entry receptor, while lymphotropic MVs preferentially use the signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM or CD150).
103	12867645	Such pseudotype viruses could use SLAM but not CD46 for entry.
104	12867645	Furthermore, the unknown receptor(s), distinct from SLAM and CD46, may be present on cell lines derived from lymphoid and neural cells.
105	14671112	Selectively receptor-blind measles viruses: Identification of residues necessary for SLAM- or CD46-induced fusion and their localization on a new hemagglutinin structural model.
106	14671112	Measles virus (MV) enters cells either through the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule SLAM (CD150) expressed only in immune cells or through the ubiquitously expressed regulator of complement activation, CD46.
107	14671112	We identified seven amino acids important for SLAM- and nine for CD46 (Vero cell receptor)-induced fusion.
108	14671112	The MV H three-dimensional model suggests (i) that SLAM- and CD46-relevant residues are located in contiguous areas in propeller beta-sheets 5 and 4, respectively; (ii) that two clusters of SLAM-relevant residues exist and that they are accessible for receptor contact; and (iii) that several CD46-relevant amino acids may be shielded from direct receptor contacts.
109	14671112	Indeed, we were able to recover recombinant viruses, and we showed that these replicate selectively in cells expressing SLAM or CD46.
110	14671112	Selectively receptor-blind measles viruses: Identification of residues necessary for SLAM- or CD46-induced fusion and their localization on a new hemagglutinin structural model.
111	14671112	Measles virus (MV) enters cells either through the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule SLAM (CD150) expressed only in immune cells or through the ubiquitously expressed regulator of complement activation, CD46.
112	14671112	We identified seven amino acids important for SLAM- and nine for CD46 (Vero cell receptor)-induced fusion.
113	14671112	The MV H three-dimensional model suggests (i) that SLAM- and CD46-relevant residues are located in contiguous areas in propeller beta-sheets 5 and 4, respectively; (ii) that two clusters of SLAM-relevant residues exist and that they are accessible for receptor contact; and (iii) that several CD46-relevant amino acids may be shielded from direct receptor contacts.
114	14671112	Indeed, we were able to recover recombinant viruses, and we showed that these replicate selectively in cells expressing SLAM or CD46.
115	14671112	Selectively receptor-blind measles viruses: Identification of residues necessary for SLAM- or CD46-induced fusion and their localization on a new hemagglutinin structural model.
116	14671112	Measles virus (MV) enters cells either through the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule SLAM (CD150) expressed only in immune cells or through the ubiquitously expressed regulator of complement activation, CD46.
117	14671112	We identified seven amino acids important for SLAM- and nine for CD46 (Vero cell receptor)-induced fusion.
118	14671112	The MV H three-dimensional model suggests (i) that SLAM- and CD46-relevant residues are located in contiguous areas in propeller beta-sheets 5 and 4, respectively; (ii) that two clusters of SLAM-relevant residues exist and that they are accessible for receptor contact; and (iii) that several CD46-relevant amino acids may be shielded from direct receptor contacts.
119	14671112	Indeed, we were able to recover recombinant viruses, and we showed that these replicate selectively in cells expressing SLAM or CD46.
120	14671112	Selectively receptor-blind measles viruses: Identification of residues necessary for SLAM- or CD46-induced fusion and their localization on a new hemagglutinin structural model.
121	14671112	Measles virus (MV) enters cells either through the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule SLAM (CD150) expressed only in immune cells or through the ubiquitously expressed regulator of complement activation, CD46.
122	14671112	We identified seven amino acids important for SLAM- and nine for CD46 (Vero cell receptor)-induced fusion.
123	14671112	The MV H three-dimensional model suggests (i) that SLAM- and CD46-relevant residues are located in contiguous areas in propeller beta-sheets 5 and 4, respectively; (ii) that two clusters of SLAM-relevant residues exist and that they are accessible for receptor contact; and (iii) that several CD46-relevant amino acids may be shielded from direct receptor contacts.
124	14671112	Indeed, we were able to recover recombinant viruses, and we showed that these replicate selectively in cells expressing SLAM or CD46.
125	14671112	Selectively receptor-blind measles viruses: Identification of residues necessary for SLAM- or CD46-induced fusion and their localization on a new hemagglutinin structural model.
126	14671112	Measles virus (MV) enters cells either through the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule SLAM (CD150) expressed only in immune cells or through the ubiquitously expressed regulator of complement activation, CD46.
127	14671112	We identified seven amino acids important for SLAM- and nine for CD46 (Vero cell receptor)-induced fusion.
128	14671112	The MV H three-dimensional model suggests (i) that SLAM- and CD46-relevant residues are located in contiguous areas in propeller beta-sheets 5 and 4, respectively; (ii) that two clusters of SLAM-relevant residues exist and that they are accessible for receptor contact; and (iii) that several CD46-relevant amino acids may be shielded from direct receptor contacts.
129	14671112	Indeed, we were able to recover recombinant viruses, and we showed that these replicate selectively in cells expressing SLAM or CD46.
130	15248250	Measles virus receptors: SLAM and CD46.
131	15248250	Two cell surface receptors, CD46 and signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (SLAM), have been identified as measles virus receptors.
132	15248250	SLAM is selectively expressed on some T and B cells and is utilised by the Edmonston strain and wild-type strains that cannot use CD46 for cell entry.
133	15248250	Measles virus receptors: SLAM and CD46.
134	15248250	Two cell surface receptors, CD46 and signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (SLAM), have been identified as measles virus receptors.
135	15248250	SLAM is selectively expressed on some T and B cells and is utilised by the Edmonston strain and wild-type strains that cannot use CD46 for cell entry.
136	15248250	Measles virus receptors: SLAM and CD46.
137	15248250	Two cell surface receptors, CD46 and signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (SLAM), have been identified as measles virus receptors.
138	15248250	SLAM is selectively expressed on some T and B cells and is utilised by the Edmonston strain and wild-type strains that cannot use CD46 for cell entry.
139	15308701	Measles virus (MV) hemagglutinin: evidence that attachment sites for MV receptors SLAM and CD46 overlap on the globular head.
140	15961518	CTCL cell lines and infiltrating lymphocytes in CTCL expressed MV receptors CD150 and CD46.
141	15961518	Evaluation of biopsies, before and at 11 days after injection, by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated local viral activity with positive staining for MV nucleoprotein (NP), an increase of the interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)/CD4 and IFN-gamma/CD8 mRNA ratios and a reduced CD4/CD8 ratio.
142	16023794	The human complement RCA proteins analyzed were factor H (FH), C4 binding protein alpha chain, membrane cofactor protein (MCP), decay accelerating factor (DAF), and complement receptors type 1 (CR1) and 2 (CR2).
143	16023794	Sequences of key poxvirus regulators of complement activation, vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), smallpox inhibitor of complement enzymes (SPICE), and cowpox inflammation modulatory protein (IMP) were similar to SCRs 1 through 5 of C4 binding protein, alpha chain, and they were also clustered with other homologous repeats of MCP, DAF, CR1, CR2, and FH.
144	16023794	The human complement RCA proteins analyzed were factor H (FH), C4 binding protein alpha chain, membrane cofactor protein (MCP), decay accelerating factor (DAF), and complement receptors type 1 (CR1) and 2 (CR2).
145	16023794	Sequences of key poxvirus regulators of complement activation, vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), smallpox inhibitor of complement enzymes (SPICE), and cowpox inflammation modulatory protein (IMP) were similar to SCRs 1 through 5 of C4 binding protein, alpha chain, and they were also clustered with other homologous repeats of MCP, DAF, CR1, CR2, and FH.
146	16103178	The majority of adenovirus serotypes utilize the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) for virus-host cell attachment, but subgroup B and subgroup D (adenovirus type 37 [Ad37]) viruses recognize CD46.
147	16103178	CD46 is a ubiquitously expressed receptor that serves as a cofactor for the inactivation of the complement components C3b and C4b, and it also serves as a receptor for diverse microbial pathogens.
148	16103178	A reported consequence of CD46 engagement is a reduced capability of human immune cells to express interleukin-12 (IL-12), a cytokine involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses.
149	16103178	Subgroup B (Ad16 and -35) and Ad37, but not Ad2 or -5, significantly reduced IL-12 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide.
150	16103178	IL-12 mRNA (p35 and p40 subunits) levels as well as other cytokine mRNA levels (IL-1alpha and -beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-6) were decreased upon interaction with CD46-utilizing Ads.
151	16103178	Analysis of transcription factor activity required for cytokine expression indicated that CD46-utilizing Ads preferentially inhibited IFN-gamma-induced C/EBPbeta protein expression, consequently reducing its ability to form DNA complexes.
152	16103178	Interference with IFN-gamma signaling events by CD46-utilizing Ads, but not CAR-utilizing Ads, reveals a potentially critical difference in the host immune response against distinct Ad vectors, a situation that has implications for gene delivery and vaccine development.
153	16103178	The majority of adenovirus serotypes utilize the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) for virus-host cell attachment, but subgroup B and subgroup D (adenovirus type 37 [Ad37]) viruses recognize CD46.
154	16103178	CD46 is a ubiquitously expressed receptor that serves as a cofactor for the inactivation of the complement components C3b and C4b, and it also serves as a receptor for diverse microbial pathogens.
155	16103178	A reported consequence of CD46 engagement is a reduced capability of human immune cells to express interleukin-12 (IL-12), a cytokine involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses.
156	16103178	Subgroup B (Ad16 and -35) and Ad37, but not Ad2 or -5, significantly reduced IL-12 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide.
157	16103178	IL-12 mRNA (p35 and p40 subunits) levels as well as other cytokine mRNA levels (IL-1alpha and -beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-6) were decreased upon interaction with CD46-utilizing Ads.
158	16103178	Analysis of transcription factor activity required for cytokine expression indicated that CD46-utilizing Ads preferentially inhibited IFN-gamma-induced C/EBPbeta protein expression, consequently reducing its ability to form DNA complexes.
159	16103178	Interference with IFN-gamma signaling events by CD46-utilizing Ads, but not CAR-utilizing Ads, reveals a potentially critical difference in the host immune response against distinct Ad vectors, a situation that has implications for gene delivery and vaccine development.
160	16103178	The majority of adenovirus serotypes utilize the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) for virus-host cell attachment, but subgroup B and subgroup D (adenovirus type 37 [Ad37]) viruses recognize CD46.
161	16103178	CD46 is a ubiquitously expressed receptor that serves as a cofactor for the inactivation of the complement components C3b and C4b, and it also serves as a receptor for diverse microbial pathogens.
162	16103178	A reported consequence of CD46 engagement is a reduced capability of human immune cells to express interleukin-12 (IL-12), a cytokine involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses.
163	16103178	Subgroup B (Ad16 and -35) and Ad37, but not Ad2 or -5, significantly reduced IL-12 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide.
164	16103178	IL-12 mRNA (p35 and p40 subunits) levels as well as other cytokine mRNA levels (IL-1alpha and -beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-6) were decreased upon interaction with CD46-utilizing Ads.
165	16103178	Analysis of transcription factor activity required for cytokine expression indicated that CD46-utilizing Ads preferentially inhibited IFN-gamma-induced C/EBPbeta protein expression, consequently reducing its ability to form DNA complexes.
166	16103178	Interference with IFN-gamma signaling events by CD46-utilizing Ads, but not CAR-utilizing Ads, reveals a potentially critical difference in the host immune response against distinct Ad vectors, a situation that has implications for gene delivery and vaccine development.
167	16103178	The majority of adenovirus serotypes utilize the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) for virus-host cell attachment, but subgroup B and subgroup D (adenovirus type 37 [Ad37]) viruses recognize CD46.
168	16103178	CD46 is a ubiquitously expressed receptor that serves as a cofactor for the inactivation of the complement components C3b and C4b, and it also serves as a receptor for diverse microbial pathogens.
169	16103178	A reported consequence of CD46 engagement is a reduced capability of human immune cells to express interleukin-12 (IL-12), a cytokine involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses.
170	16103178	Subgroup B (Ad16 and -35) and Ad37, but not Ad2 or -5, significantly reduced IL-12 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide.
171	16103178	IL-12 mRNA (p35 and p40 subunits) levels as well as other cytokine mRNA levels (IL-1alpha and -beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-6) were decreased upon interaction with CD46-utilizing Ads.
172	16103178	Analysis of transcription factor activity required for cytokine expression indicated that CD46-utilizing Ads preferentially inhibited IFN-gamma-induced C/EBPbeta protein expression, consequently reducing its ability to form DNA complexes.
173	16103178	Interference with IFN-gamma signaling events by CD46-utilizing Ads, but not CAR-utilizing Ads, reveals a potentially critical difference in the host immune response against distinct Ad vectors, a situation that has implications for gene delivery and vaccine development.
174	16103178	The majority of adenovirus serotypes utilize the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) for virus-host cell attachment, but subgroup B and subgroup D (adenovirus type 37 [Ad37]) viruses recognize CD46.
175	16103178	CD46 is a ubiquitously expressed receptor that serves as a cofactor for the inactivation of the complement components C3b and C4b, and it also serves as a receptor for diverse microbial pathogens.
176	16103178	A reported consequence of CD46 engagement is a reduced capability of human immune cells to express interleukin-12 (IL-12), a cytokine involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses.
177	16103178	Subgroup B (Ad16 and -35) and Ad37, but not Ad2 or -5, significantly reduced IL-12 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide.
178	16103178	IL-12 mRNA (p35 and p40 subunits) levels as well as other cytokine mRNA levels (IL-1alpha and -beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-6) were decreased upon interaction with CD46-utilizing Ads.
179	16103178	Analysis of transcription factor activity required for cytokine expression indicated that CD46-utilizing Ads preferentially inhibited IFN-gamma-induced C/EBPbeta protein expression, consequently reducing its ability to form DNA complexes.
180	16103178	Interference with IFN-gamma signaling events by CD46-utilizing Ads, but not CAR-utilizing Ads, reveals a potentially critical difference in the host immune response against distinct Ad vectors, a situation that has implications for gene delivery and vaccine development.
181	16103178	The majority of adenovirus serotypes utilize the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) for virus-host cell attachment, but subgroup B and subgroup D (adenovirus type 37 [Ad37]) viruses recognize CD46.
182	16103178	CD46 is a ubiquitously expressed receptor that serves as a cofactor for the inactivation of the complement components C3b and C4b, and it also serves as a receptor for diverse microbial pathogens.
183	16103178	A reported consequence of CD46 engagement is a reduced capability of human immune cells to express interleukin-12 (IL-12), a cytokine involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses.
184	16103178	Subgroup B (Ad16 and -35) and Ad37, but not Ad2 or -5, significantly reduced IL-12 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide.
185	16103178	IL-12 mRNA (p35 and p40 subunits) levels as well as other cytokine mRNA levels (IL-1alpha and -beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-6) were decreased upon interaction with CD46-utilizing Ads.
186	16103178	Analysis of transcription factor activity required for cytokine expression indicated that CD46-utilizing Ads preferentially inhibited IFN-gamma-induced C/EBPbeta protein expression, consequently reducing its ability to form DNA complexes.
187	16103178	Interference with IFN-gamma signaling events by CD46-utilizing Ads, but not CAR-utilizing Ads, reveals a potentially critical difference in the host immune response against distinct Ad vectors, a situation that has implications for gene delivery and vaccine development.
188	16114109	New chimeric adenovirus vectors expressing fibre protein from group B adenoviruses (rAd5/11), which utilise CD46 rather than the Coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR), have been developed as vaccines to improve transduction and overcome problems of pre-existing vector immunity.
189	16254351	In vitro studies demonstrated that rAd35k5 vectors utilized the Ad5 receptor CAR rather than the Ad35 receptor CD46.
190	16642271	All breast cancer lines overexpressed the measles virus receptor CD46 and supported robust viral replication, which correlated with CEA production.
191	16887980	The high transduction efficiency is in line with high expression levels of CD46 detected on migratory cutaneous DC, which proved to be further increased upon intradermal administration of GM-CSF and IL-4.
192	16960554	All cell lines expressed the receptors CD150 and CD46 and were easily infected by rMV and induced complete cell lysis.
193	17108047	While the majority of serotypes utilize coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) as their primary attachment receptor, subgroup B and subgroup D Ad37 serotypes use CD46.
194	17108047	We found that CD46 Ads were capable of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) induction by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were the principal producers of this cytokine.
195	17108047	IFN-alpha induction correlated with the permissivity of pDCs to CD46- but not CAR-utilizing Ad serotypes.
196	17108047	A role for Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognition of Ad was supported by the requirement for viral DNA and efficient endosomal acidification and by the ability of a TLR9-inhibitory oligonucleotide to attenuate IFN-alpha induction.
197	17108047	Cell lines expressing TLR9 that are permissive to infection by both CAR- and CD46-utilizing serotypes showed a preferential induction of TLR9-mediated events by CD46-utilizing Ads.
198	17108047	Specifically, the latter virus types induced higher levels of cytokine expression and NF-kappaB activation in HeLa cells than CAR-dependent Ad types, despite equivalent infection rates.
199	17108047	While the majority of serotypes utilize coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) as their primary attachment receptor, subgroup B and subgroup D Ad37 serotypes use CD46.
200	17108047	We found that CD46 Ads were capable of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) induction by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were the principal producers of this cytokine.
201	17108047	IFN-alpha induction correlated with the permissivity of pDCs to CD46- but not CAR-utilizing Ad serotypes.
202	17108047	A role for Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognition of Ad was supported by the requirement for viral DNA and efficient endosomal acidification and by the ability of a TLR9-inhibitory oligonucleotide to attenuate IFN-alpha induction.
203	17108047	Cell lines expressing TLR9 that are permissive to infection by both CAR- and CD46-utilizing serotypes showed a preferential induction of TLR9-mediated events by CD46-utilizing Ads.
204	17108047	Specifically, the latter virus types induced higher levels of cytokine expression and NF-kappaB activation in HeLa cells than CAR-dependent Ad types, despite equivalent infection rates.
205	17108047	While the majority of serotypes utilize coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) as their primary attachment receptor, subgroup B and subgroup D Ad37 serotypes use CD46.
206	17108047	We found that CD46 Ads were capable of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) induction by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were the principal producers of this cytokine.
207	17108047	IFN-alpha induction correlated with the permissivity of pDCs to CD46- but not CAR-utilizing Ad serotypes.
208	17108047	A role for Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognition of Ad was supported by the requirement for viral DNA and efficient endosomal acidification and by the ability of a TLR9-inhibitory oligonucleotide to attenuate IFN-alpha induction.
209	17108047	Cell lines expressing TLR9 that are permissive to infection by both CAR- and CD46-utilizing serotypes showed a preferential induction of TLR9-mediated events by CD46-utilizing Ads.
210	17108047	Specifically, the latter virus types induced higher levels of cytokine expression and NF-kappaB activation in HeLa cells than CAR-dependent Ad types, despite equivalent infection rates.
211	17178881	We have previously shown that attenuated vaccine strains of measles virus have potent antitumor activity against gliomas, and identified H protein mutations, which ablate recognition of the natural measles virus receptors CD46 and SLAM.
212	17178881	Two different H mutants were employed: H(SNS) (V451S, Y481N, and A527S)-CD46 blind, and H(AA) (Y481A and R533A)-CD46 and SLAM blind.
213	17178881	We have previously shown that attenuated vaccine strains of measles virus have potent antitumor activity against gliomas, and identified H protein mutations, which ablate recognition of the natural measles virus receptors CD46 and SLAM.
214	17178881	Two different H mutants were employed: H(SNS) (V451S, Y481N, and A527S)-CD46 blind, and H(AA) (Y481A and R533A)-CD46 and SLAM blind.
215	17182683	Wild-type MV strains isolated in B-lymphoid cell lines use signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM), but not CD46, as a cellular receptor, whereas MV vaccine strains of the Edmonston lineage use both SLAM and CD46 as receptors.
216	17235318	Moreover, Ad5:CaPi-treated DCs were activated to express the maturation surface molecules CD40 and CD86, and to secrete proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6.
217	17235318	Ad5:CaPi also transduced human DC more efficiently than Ad5 alone, similar to a genetically modified vector (Ad5f35) targeted to the CD46 receptor.
218	17299404	A retargeted measles virus strain MV-GFP-H(AA)-scEGFR was generated by engineering the MV-NSe Edmonston vaccine strain to incorporate both CD46 (Y481A) and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) (R533A) ablating mutations in the hemagglutinin protein in combination with the display of a single-chain antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at the C terminus of hemagglutinin.
219	17299404	Specificity of the EGFR retargeted virus was demonstrated in non-permissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected to express either the natural receptors CD46 or SLAM or the target receptors EGFR and EGFRvIII.
220	17299404	In contrast to MV-GFP, central nervous system administration of the targeted MV-GFP-H(AA)-scEGFR virus in measles replication-permissive Ifnar(ko) CD46 transgenic mice resulted in no neurotoxicity.
221	17299404	A retargeted measles virus strain MV-GFP-H(AA)-scEGFR was generated by engineering the MV-NSe Edmonston vaccine strain to incorporate both CD46 (Y481A) and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) (R533A) ablating mutations in the hemagglutinin protein in combination with the display of a single-chain antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at the C terminus of hemagglutinin.
222	17299404	Specificity of the EGFR retargeted virus was demonstrated in non-permissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected to express either the natural receptors CD46 or SLAM or the target receptors EGFR and EGFRvIII.
223	17299404	In contrast to MV-GFP, central nervous system administration of the targeted MV-GFP-H(AA)-scEGFR virus in measles replication-permissive Ifnar(ko) CD46 transgenic mice resulted in no neurotoxicity.
224	17299404	A retargeted measles virus strain MV-GFP-H(AA)-scEGFR was generated by engineering the MV-NSe Edmonston vaccine strain to incorporate both CD46 (Y481A) and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) (R533A) ablating mutations in the hemagglutinin protein in combination with the display of a single-chain antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at the C terminus of hemagglutinin.
225	17299404	Specificity of the EGFR retargeted virus was demonstrated in non-permissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected to express either the natural receptors CD46 or SLAM or the target receptors EGFR and EGFRvIII.
226	17299404	In contrast to MV-GFP, central nervous system administration of the targeted MV-GFP-H(AA)-scEGFR virus in measles replication-permissive Ifnar(ko) CD46 transgenic mice resulted in no neurotoxicity.
227	17368662	Vero/hSLAM cells express both CD46 and SLAM receptors and are highly sensitive to both vaccine and wild measles virus strains.
228	17442724	MVs also infect, albeit inefficiently, SLAM(-) cells, via a SLAM- and CD46-independent pathway.
229	17560639	Variations in measles vaccine-specific humoral immunity by polymorphisms in SLAM and CD46 measles virus receptors.
230	17624839	Because the Edmonston vaccine strain can enter cells through CD46 in addition to the primary MV receptor signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM or CD150), we asked whether and how its tropism is altered.
231	17624839	In human tonsillar tissue, this vaccine strain infects naive (CD45RA(+)CD62L(+)) T lymphocytes, which express SLAM very infrequently, with much higher efficiency than do wild-type strains.
232	17947687	Receptor usage of CD46 or CD150 and nucleocapsid (N) protein variations barely affected the strain-to-strain difference in IFN-inducing abilities.
233	17947687	By gene-silencing analysis, DI RNA activated the RIG-I/MDA5-mitochondria antiviral signaling pathway, but not the TLR3-TICAM-1 pathway.
234	18097567	To obtain genetically modified cells, 123IA cells were transfected with bicistronic plasmid vectors carrying the herpes simplex type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV TK) gene and either the gene for the mouse B7.1 (CD80) co-stimulatory molecule or the gene for the monocyte-chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1).
235	18097567	On the other hand, nearly all mice inoculated with MCP-1-producing cells developed tumours, though considerably later than animals inoculated with the same dose of the parental MK16 cells.
236	18287234	In this study, we show that wild-type MV can infect and produce syncytia in human polarized epithelial cell lines independently of SLAM and CD46 (a receptor for the vaccine strains of MV).
237	18287234	All of these residues have aromatic side chains and may form a receptor-binding pocket located in a different position from the putative SLAM- and CD46-binding sites on the MV attachment protein.
238	18287234	In this study, we show that wild-type MV can infect and produce syncytia in human polarized epithelial cell lines independently of SLAM and CD46 (a receptor for the vaccine strains of MV).
239	18287234	All of these residues have aromatic side chains and may form a receptor-binding pocket located in a different position from the putative SLAM- and CD46-binding sites on the MV attachment protein.
240	18665158	The majority of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors (80%) overexpress interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2), but there is no expression of IL-13Ralpha2 in normal brain.
241	18665158	MV-GFP-H(AA)-IL-13 was generated from the Edmonston-NSe vaccine strain, by displaying human IL-13 at the C-terminus of the H protein, and introducing CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-ablating mutations in H.
242	18665158	The IL-13 retargeted virus showed significant cytopathic effect (CPE) against IL-13Ralpha2 overexpressing glioma lines, and lack of CPE/viral replication in normal human astrocytes and normal human fibroblasts not expressing IL-13Ralpha2.
243	18665158	In contrast to MV-GFP-treated mice, administration of the retargeted strain in the central nervous system of measles replication-permissive Ifnar(ko) CD46 Ge mice resulted in lack of neurotoxicity.
244	18665158	The majority of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors (80%) overexpress interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2), but there is no expression of IL-13Ralpha2 in normal brain.
245	18665158	MV-GFP-H(AA)-IL-13 was generated from the Edmonston-NSe vaccine strain, by displaying human IL-13 at the C-terminus of the H protein, and introducing CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-ablating mutations in H.
246	18665158	The IL-13 retargeted virus showed significant cytopathic effect (CPE) against IL-13Ralpha2 overexpressing glioma lines, and lack of CPE/viral replication in normal human astrocytes and normal human fibroblasts not expressing IL-13Ralpha2.
247	18665158	In contrast to MV-GFP-treated mice, administration of the retargeted strain in the central nervous system of measles replication-permissive Ifnar(ko) CD46 Ge mice resulted in lack of neurotoxicity.
248	18789996	In this study we have used an immunisation/challenge model of transplacental transmission, based on the Qs mouse with an Nc-Liverpool challenge, to investigate the vaccine potential of a number of formulations based on four recombinant proteins of N. caninum (GRA1, GRA2, MIC10, and p24B).
249	18789996	In one experiment, a mixture of MIC10 and p24B produced partial protection against transplacental transmission of N. caninum in this mouse model; in contrast a live infection of tachyzoites of NC-Nowra given before pregnancy always induces very high levels of protective immunity.
250	18789996	In this study we have used an immunisation/challenge model of transplacental transmission, based on the Qs mouse with an Nc-Liverpool challenge, to investigate the vaccine potential of a number of formulations based on four recombinant proteins of N. caninum (GRA1, GRA2, MIC10, and p24B).
251	18789996	In one experiment, a mixture of MIC10 and p24B produced partial protection against transplacental transmission of N. caninum in this mouse model; in contrast a live infection of tachyzoites of NC-Nowra given before pregnancy always induces very high levels of protective immunity.
252	19025121	However, high expression levels of membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs) such as CD46, CD55 and CD59 on tumors significantly limit the anti-tumor mAb therapeutic efficacy.
253	19198560	The crystal structure of the H protein indicates that the putative binding sites for SLAM, CD46, and the epithelial cell receptor are strategically located in different positions of the H protein.
254	19198562	The wild-type virus primarily uses the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM, CD150) expressed on certain lymphatic cells, while the vaccine strain has gained the ability to also use the ubiquitous membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46), a regulator of complement activation.
255	19212424	The particles entered the lymphatic cells exclusively through the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM, CD150), whereas particles pseudotyped with the MV vaccine strain glycoproteins also recognized the ubiquitous membrane cofactor protein (CD46) as receptor and had less specific cell entry.
256	19388169	Binding of the complement regulatory proteins factor H, factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1), C4b-binding protein (C4BP), or CD46 is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of these infections.
257	19570960	In contrast with the vaccine strain, MV wild-type virus does not use CD46 but CD150/SLAM and a not clearly identified molecule on epithelial cells as receptors.
258	20181691	In vitro, attenuated MV has a much wider tropism than clinical isolates, as it can use both CD46 and CD150 as cellular receptors.
259	20600391	While the antiviral response during measles virus (MeV) infection is documented, the contribution of the hosting cell type to the type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) response is still not clearly established.
260	20600391	Here, we report that a signature heterogeneity of the IFN-alpha/beta response according to the cell type.
261	20600391	In response to both wild type MeV isolates and laboratory/vaccine strains, immature cDCs produced higher levels of IFN-alpha than mature cDCs, despite the reduced expression levels of both CD46 and CD150 receptors by the former ones.
262	20600391	While in epithelial cells and cDCs the MeV transcription was required to activate the IFN-alpha/beta response, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) rapidly produced large amounts of IFN-alpha mostly independently of the viral infection cycle.
263	21502499	Adenovirus type-35 vectors block human CD4+ T-cell activation via CD46 ligation.
264	21502499	Whereas rAd5 binds coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR), rAd35 binds the complement regulatory protein CD46.
265	21502499	Although rAd35 infected and phenotypically matured human blood dendritic cells (DCs) more efficiently than rAd5, we show here that rAd35 markedly suppressed DC-induced activation of naive CD4(+) T cells. rAd35 specifically blocked both DCs and anti-CD3/CD28 mAb-induced naive T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production.
266	21502499	Our findings provide insights into the basic biology of adenoviruses and indicate that CD46 binding may have an impact on the generation of primary CD4(+) T-cell responses by Ad35.
267	21502499	Adenovirus type-35 vectors block human CD4+ T-cell activation via CD46 ligation.
268	21502499	Whereas rAd5 binds coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR), rAd35 binds the complement regulatory protein CD46.
269	21502499	Although rAd35 infected and phenotypically matured human blood dendritic cells (DCs) more efficiently than rAd5, we show here that rAd35 markedly suppressed DC-induced activation of naive CD4(+) T cells. rAd35 specifically blocked both DCs and anti-CD3/CD28 mAb-induced naive T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production.
270	21502499	Our findings provide insights into the basic biology of adenoviruses and indicate that CD46 binding may have an impact on the generation of primary CD4(+) T-cell responses by Ad35.
271	21502499	Adenovirus type-35 vectors block human CD4+ T-cell activation via CD46 ligation.
272	21502499	Whereas rAd5 binds coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR), rAd35 binds the complement regulatory protein CD46.
273	21502499	Although rAd35 infected and phenotypically matured human blood dendritic cells (DCs) more efficiently than rAd5, we show here that rAd35 markedly suppressed DC-induced activation of naive CD4(+) T cells. rAd35 specifically blocked both DCs and anti-CD3/CD28 mAb-induced naive T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production.
274	21502499	Our findings provide insights into the basic biology of adenoviruses and indicate that CD46 binding may have an impact on the generation of primary CD4(+) T-cell responses by Ad35.
275	21890164	A chimeric measles virus with a lentiviral envelope replicates exclusively in CD4+/CCR5+ cells.
276	21890164	The presence of SIV gp160 as the only envelope protein on chimeric particles surface altered the cell tropism of the new virus from CD46+ to CD4+ cells.
277	21901103	However, wild type isolates of measles virus cannot use CD46, and they infect activated lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages via the receptor CD150/SLAM.
278	21948475	Here, we describe the construction, rescue, amplification, and titration of fully retargeted MV-Edm derivatives displaying tumor specific receptor binding ligands on the viral surface in combination with H protein CD46 and SLAM entry ablating mutations.
279	22238320	Wild-type H proteins recognize the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) (CD150), which is expressed on certain cells of the immune system, whereas vaccine H proteins recognize CD46, which is ubiquitously expressed on all nucleated human and monkey cells, in addition to SLAM.
280	22238320	In vitro, MV-EdH replicated in SLAM(+) as well as CD46(+) cells, including primary cell cultures from cynomolgus monkey tissues, whereas the wild-type MV replicated only in SLAM(+) cells.
281	22238320	Wild-type H proteins recognize the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) (CD150), which is expressed on certain cells of the immune system, whereas vaccine H proteins recognize CD46, which is ubiquitously expressed on all nucleated human and monkey cells, in addition to SLAM.
282	22238320	In vitro, MV-EdH replicated in SLAM(+) as well as CD46(+) cells, including primary cell cultures from cynomolgus monkey tissues, whereas the wild-type MV replicated only in SLAM(+) cells.
283	22265947	In the current study we report the findings of a multigenic analysis of measles vaccine immunity, indicating a role for the measles virus receptor CD46, innate pattern-recognition receptors (DDX58, TLR2, 4, 5, 7 and 8) and intracellular signaling intermediates (MAP3K7, NFKBIA), and key antiviral molecules (VISA, OAS2, MX1, PKR) as well as cytokines (IFNA1, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL12B) and cytokine receptor genes (IL2RB, IL6R, IL8RA) in the genetic control of both humoral and cellular immune responses.
284	22319511	The measles virus (MV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, enters cells through a cellular receptor, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM), CD46 or nectin-4.
285	22319511	Recently determined crystal structures of the MV-H protein unbound and bound to SLAM or CD46 have provided insights into paramyxovirus entry and the effectiveness of measles vaccine.
286	22319511	The measles virus (MV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, enters cells through a cellular receptor, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM), CD46 or nectin-4.
287	22319511	Recently determined crystal structures of the MV-H protein unbound and bound to SLAM or CD46 have provided insights into paramyxovirus entry and the effectiveness of measles vaccine.
288	22347873	In addition to SLAM, vaccine strains of MV also use a ubiquitously expressed complement regulatory protein, CD46, as a receptor, whereas wild-type (wt) MV strains do not use this receptor.
289	22347873	It is now clear that MV specifically targets two cell types, immune cells and epithelial cells, using SLAM and nectin4, respectively.
290	22347873	MV loses the ability to use either SLAM or nectin4 when it possesses specific mutations in the H protein.
291	22347873	However, nectin4-blind MV still infects SLAM-positive immune cells efficiently (SLAM-tropic), and conversely, SLAM-blind MV infects nectin4-positive epithelial cells efficiently (nectin4-tropic).
292	22568156	Recent structural studies of measles virus hemagglutinin and its complexes with receptors (the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM, CD150) and CD46) have provided many insights into measles virus entry mechanism.
293	22717740	We showed that, unlike the MV vaccine strains, rMV-SLAMblind used PVRL4 (polio virus receptor-related 4) as a receptor to infect breast cancer cells and not the ubiquitously expressed CD46.
294	22787208	Vaccination with adenovirus serotype 35 (Ad35), Ad26, and Ad48 induced substantially higher levels of antiviral (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], 10-kDa gamma interferon-induced protein [IP-10]) and proinflammatory (interleukin 1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA], IL-6) cytokines than vaccination with Ad5 on day 1 following immunization.
295	22787208	These data demonstrate that Ad35, Ad26, and Ad48, which utilize CD46 as their primary cellular receptor, induce significantly greater innate cytokine responses than Ad5, which uses the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR).
296	22790962	Western blotting analysis confirmed that a panel of eight anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC)-derived cell lines do not express NIS protein, but do express CD46, the MV receptor.
297	22973037	To confirm whether the incorporation of regulators of complement activity (RCA) into the viral envelope afforded complement resistance, we grew NDV in CHO cells stably transfected with CD46 or HeLa cells, which strongly express CD46 and CD55.
298	22973037	NDV grown in RCA-expressing cells was resistant to complement by incorporating CD46 and CD55 on virions.
299	22973037	Mammalian CD46 and CD55 molecules on virions exhibited homologous restriction, since chicken sera devoid of neutralizing antibodies to NDV were able to effectively neutralize these virions.
300	22973037	To confirm whether the incorporation of regulators of complement activity (RCA) into the viral envelope afforded complement resistance, we grew NDV in CHO cells stably transfected with CD46 or HeLa cells, which strongly express CD46 and CD55.
301	22973037	NDV grown in RCA-expressing cells was resistant to complement by incorporating CD46 and CD55 on virions.
302	22973037	Mammalian CD46 and CD55 molecules on virions exhibited homologous restriction, since chicken sera devoid of neutralizing antibodies to NDV were able to effectively neutralize these virions.
303	22973037	To confirm whether the incorporation of regulators of complement activity (RCA) into the viral envelope afforded complement resistance, we grew NDV in CHO cells stably transfected with CD46 or HeLa cells, which strongly express CD46 and CD55.
304	22973037	NDV grown in RCA-expressing cells was resistant to complement by incorporating CD46 and CD55 on virions.
305	22973037	Mammalian CD46 and CD55 molecules on virions exhibited homologous restriction, since chicken sera devoid of neutralizing antibodies to NDV were able to effectively neutralize these virions.
306	23760251	The measles virus hemagglutinin β-propeller head β4-β5 hydrophobic groove governs functional interactions with nectin-4 and CD46 but not those with the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule.
307	23760251	Wild-type measles virus (MV) strains use the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM; CD150) and the adherens junction protein nectin-4 (poliovirus receptor-like 4 [PVRL4]) as receptors.
308	23760251	The results highlighted a strong overlap between the functional footprints of nectin-4 and CD46 but not those of SLAM.
309	23760251	A soluble form of nectin-4 abolished vaccine MV entry in nectin-4- and CD46-expressing cells but only reduced entry through SLAM.
310	23760251	Analyses of the binding kinetics of an H mutant with the three receptors revealed that a single substitution in the β4-β5 groove drastically reduced nectin-4 and CD46 binding while minimally altering SLAM binding.
311	23760251	Introduction of a single substitution into the hydrophobic pocket affected entry through both nectin-4 and CD46 but not through SLAM.
312	23760251	Thus, while nectin-4 and CD46 interact functionally with the H protein β4-β5 hydrophobic groove, SLAM merely covers it.
313	23760251	The measles virus hemagglutinin β-propeller head β4-β5 hydrophobic groove governs functional interactions with nectin-4 and CD46 but not those with the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule.
314	23760251	Wild-type measles virus (MV) strains use the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM; CD150) and the adherens junction protein nectin-4 (poliovirus receptor-like 4 [PVRL4]) as receptors.
315	23760251	The results highlighted a strong overlap between the functional footprints of nectin-4 and CD46 but not those of SLAM.
316	23760251	A soluble form of nectin-4 abolished vaccine MV entry in nectin-4- and CD46-expressing cells but only reduced entry through SLAM.
317	23760251	Analyses of the binding kinetics of an H mutant with the three receptors revealed that a single substitution in the β4-β5 groove drastically reduced nectin-4 and CD46 binding while minimally altering SLAM binding.
318	23760251	Introduction of a single substitution into the hydrophobic pocket affected entry through both nectin-4 and CD46 but not through SLAM.
319	23760251	Thus, while nectin-4 and CD46 interact functionally with the H protein β4-β5 hydrophobic groove, SLAM merely covers it.
320	23760251	The measles virus hemagglutinin β-propeller head β4-β5 hydrophobic groove governs functional interactions with nectin-4 and CD46 but not those with the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule.
321	23760251	Wild-type measles virus (MV) strains use the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM; CD150) and the adherens junction protein nectin-4 (poliovirus receptor-like 4 [PVRL4]) as receptors.
322	23760251	The results highlighted a strong overlap between the functional footprints of nectin-4 and CD46 but not those of SLAM.
323	23760251	A soluble form of nectin-4 abolished vaccine MV entry in nectin-4- and CD46-expressing cells but only reduced entry through SLAM.
324	23760251	Analyses of the binding kinetics of an H mutant with the three receptors revealed that a single substitution in the β4-β5 groove drastically reduced nectin-4 and CD46 binding while minimally altering SLAM binding.
325	23760251	Introduction of a single substitution into the hydrophobic pocket affected entry through both nectin-4 and CD46 but not through SLAM.
326	23760251	Thus, while nectin-4 and CD46 interact functionally with the H protein β4-β5 hydrophobic groove, SLAM merely covers it.
327	23760251	The measles virus hemagglutinin β-propeller head β4-β5 hydrophobic groove governs functional interactions with nectin-4 and CD46 but not those with the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule.
328	23760251	Wild-type measles virus (MV) strains use the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM; CD150) and the adherens junction protein nectin-4 (poliovirus receptor-like 4 [PVRL4]) as receptors.
329	23760251	The results highlighted a strong overlap between the functional footprints of nectin-4 and CD46 but not those of SLAM.
330	23760251	A soluble form of nectin-4 abolished vaccine MV entry in nectin-4- and CD46-expressing cells but only reduced entry through SLAM.
331	23760251	Analyses of the binding kinetics of an H mutant with the three receptors revealed that a single substitution in the β4-β5 groove drastically reduced nectin-4 and CD46 binding while minimally altering SLAM binding.
332	23760251	Introduction of a single substitution into the hydrophobic pocket affected entry through both nectin-4 and CD46 but not through SLAM.
333	23760251	Thus, while nectin-4 and CD46 interact functionally with the H protein β4-β5 hydrophobic groove, SLAM merely covers it.
334	23760251	The measles virus hemagglutinin β-propeller head β4-β5 hydrophobic groove governs functional interactions with nectin-4 and CD46 but not those with the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule.
335	23760251	Wild-type measles virus (MV) strains use the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM; CD150) and the adherens junction protein nectin-4 (poliovirus receptor-like 4 [PVRL4]) as receptors.
336	23760251	The results highlighted a strong overlap between the functional footprints of nectin-4 and CD46 but not those of SLAM.
337	23760251	A soluble form of nectin-4 abolished vaccine MV entry in nectin-4- and CD46-expressing cells but only reduced entry through SLAM.
338	23760251	Analyses of the binding kinetics of an H mutant with the three receptors revealed that a single substitution in the β4-β5 groove drastically reduced nectin-4 and CD46 binding while minimally altering SLAM binding.
339	23760251	Introduction of a single substitution into the hydrophobic pocket affected entry through both nectin-4 and CD46 but not through SLAM.
340	23760251	Thus, while nectin-4 and CD46 interact functionally with the H protein β4-β5 hydrophobic groove, SLAM merely covers it.
341	23760251	The measles virus hemagglutinin β-propeller head β4-β5 hydrophobic groove governs functional interactions with nectin-4 and CD46 but not those with the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule.
342	23760251	Wild-type measles virus (MV) strains use the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM; CD150) and the adherens junction protein nectin-4 (poliovirus receptor-like 4 [PVRL4]) as receptors.
343	23760251	The results highlighted a strong overlap between the functional footprints of nectin-4 and CD46 but not those of SLAM.
344	23760251	A soluble form of nectin-4 abolished vaccine MV entry in nectin-4- and CD46-expressing cells but only reduced entry through SLAM.
345	23760251	Analyses of the binding kinetics of an H mutant with the three receptors revealed that a single substitution in the β4-β5 groove drastically reduced nectin-4 and CD46 binding while minimally altering SLAM binding.
346	23760251	Introduction of a single substitution into the hydrophobic pocket affected entry through both nectin-4 and CD46 but not through SLAM.
347	23760251	Thus, while nectin-4 and CD46 interact functionally with the H protein β4-β5 hydrophobic groove, SLAM merely covers it.
348	23827880	Additionally, infection of K562, U937 or Jurkat cells by Ad5/F11p-SFV-GFP was significantly inhibited by blocking CD46 receptor; however, other factors may affect the gene-transfer efficiency of Ad5/F11p-SFV-GFP in primary leukemia cells.
349	23913184	In addition to ubiquitous CD46, vaccine MV retains cell entry through its immune cell-specific receptor signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM).
350	23948230	Here we present data about characterization of the humoral immune response against NAP-tagged antigens, encoded by attenuated measles virus (MV) vector platform, in MV infection susceptible type I interferon receptor knockout and human CD46 transgenic (Ifnarko-CD46Ge) mice.
351	24238277	The cytolytic activity of CD150-tropic WT MV was akin to that of CD46- and CD150-tropic CAM-70, suggesting that CD150 is critical for the susceptibility to MV-induced cytolysis.
352	24335299	Ablation of nectin4 binding compromises CD46 usage by a hybrid vesicular stomatitis virus/measles virus.
353	24335299	To determine whether ablating nectin4 tropism from VSVFH might prevent shedding, increasing its safety profile as an oncolytic, or might have any effect on CD46 binding, we generated VSVFH viruses with H mutations that disrupt attachment to SLAM and/or nectin4.
354	24335299	However, because nectin4 and CD46 have substantially overlapping receptor binding surfaces on H, disruption of nectin4 binding compromised CD46 binding and greatly diminished the oncolytic potency of these viruses on human cancer cells.
355	24335299	Ablation of nectin4 binding compromises CD46 usage by a hybrid vesicular stomatitis virus/measles virus.
356	24335299	To determine whether ablating nectin4 tropism from VSVFH might prevent shedding, increasing its safety profile as an oncolytic, or might have any effect on CD46 binding, we generated VSVFH viruses with H mutations that disrupt attachment to SLAM and/or nectin4.
357	24335299	However, because nectin4 and CD46 have substantially overlapping receptor binding surfaces on H, disruption of nectin4 binding compromised CD46 binding and greatly diminished the oncolytic potency of these viruses on human cancer cells.
358	24335299	Ablation of nectin4 binding compromises CD46 usage by a hybrid vesicular stomatitis virus/measles virus.
359	24335299	To determine whether ablating nectin4 tropism from VSVFH might prevent shedding, increasing its safety profile as an oncolytic, or might have any effect on CD46 binding, we generated VSVFH viruses with H mutations that disrupt attachment to SLAM and/or nectin4.
360	24335299	However, because nectin4 and CD46 have substantially overlapping receptor binding surfaces on H, disruption of nectin4 binding compromised CD46 binding and greatly diminished the oncolytic potency of these viruses on human cancer cells.
361	24725950	Using chimeric H proteins, with and without mutations that ablate MV receptor binding, we show that retargeted MVs escape mAbs that target the H receptor-binding surface by virtue of mutations that ablate infection via SLAM and CD46.
362	25171206	Use of SLAM and PVRL4 and identification of pro-HB-EGF as cell entry receptors for wild type phocine distemper virus.
363	25171206	Signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) has been identified as an immune cell receptor for the morbilliviruses, measles (MV), canine distemper (CDV), rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants (PPRV) viruses, while CD46 is a receptor for vaccine strains of MV.
364	25171206	Utilisation of PVRL4 as a receptor by phocine distemper virus (PDV) remains to be demonstrated as well as confirmation of use of SLAM.
365	25171206	We show that wtPDV replicates in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing SLAM and PVRL4.
366	25171206	Common use of SLAM and PVRL4 by morbilliviruses increases the possibility of cross-species infection.
367	25344690	Two loci were distinctly associated with MMR-related febrile seizures, harboring the interferon-stimulated gene IFI44L (rs273259: P = 5.9 × 10(-12) versus controls, P = 1.2 × 10(-9) versus MMR-unrelated febrile seizures) and the measles virus receptor CD46 (rs1318653: P = 9.6 × 10(-11) versus controls, P = 1.6 × 10(-9) versus MMR-unrelated febrile seizures).
368	25344690	Furthermore, four loci were associated with febrile seizures in general, implicating the sodium channel genes SCN1A (rs6432860: P = 2.2 × 10(-16)) and SCN2A (rs3769955: P = 3.1 × 10(-10)), a TMEM16 family gene (ANO3; rs114444506: P = 3.7 × 10(-20)) and a region associated with magnesium levels (12q21.33; rs11105468: P = 3.4 × 10(-11)).
369	25398436	MV receptor CD46 and nectin-4 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in patient tumors.