Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: CTBS

Gene name: chitobiase, di-N-acetyl-

HGNC ID: 2496

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	CAV1	1 hits
2	CD4	1 hits
3	CD79A	1 hits
4	CD8A	1 hits
5	CD9	1 hits
6	IFNG	1 hits
7	IL4	1 hits
8	INS	1 hits
9	LTA	1 hits
10	LTB	1 hits
11	PGRMC1	1 hits
12	PYCARD	1 hits
13	TFPI	1 hits
14	VIPR1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	9607039	Vaccination induced high levels of CTB-specific IgA ASCs in 100% of the volunteers, and significant IgA ASC responses (9- to 36-fold) were noted in 84% of them against CFA/I, in 87% against CFA/II subcomponents CS1-CS3 and in 91% against CFA/IV subfactors CS4 and/or CS5.
2	9607039	The frequencies and magnitudes of CFA IgA ASC responses were similar when giving the vaccine with a 1 or 2 week interval.
3	10752686	However, since these molecules are toxic and cannot be used in human vaccines, it is important to study whether their non-toxic mucosa-binding B subunits, CTB and LTB, can be used as alternative safe mucosal adjuvants and/or carrier molecules.
4	10752686	We have as a model protein antigen used human gammaglobulin (HGG) for admixture with or chemical conjugation to recombinantly produced CTB and LTB, respectively, and measured antigen-specific local secretory IgA antibodies in saponin extracts from intestine and lung tissue by ELISA following intra-nasal (i.n.) or per-oral (p.o.) immunization.
5	10752686	However, since these molecules are toxic and cannot be used in human vaccines, it is important to study whether their non-toxic mucosa-binding B subunits, CTB and LTB, can be used as alternative safe mucosal adjuvants and/or carrier molecules.
6	10752686	We have as a model protein antigen used human gammaglobulin (HGG) for admixture with or chemical conjugation to recombinantly produced CTB and LTB, respectively, and measured antigen-specific local secretory IgA antibodies in saponin extracts from intestine and lung tissue by ELISA following intra-nasal (i.n.) or per-oral (p.o.) immunization.
7	11205105	A tobamoviral vector was engineered to encode a consensus sequence of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), a potential neutralizing epitope of HCV, genetically fused to the C-terminal of the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB).
8	11205105	Plants infected with recombinant tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) engineered to express the HVR1/CTB chimeric protein, contained intact TMV particles and produced the HVR1 consensus peptide fused to the functionally active, pentameric B subunit of cholera toxin.
9	11205105	Plant-derived HVR1/CTB reacted with HVR1-specific monoclonal antibodies and immune sera from individuals infected with virus from four of the major genotypes of HCV.
10	11205105	Intranasal immunization of mice with a crude plant extract containing the recombinant HVR1/CTB protein elicited both anti-CTB serum antibody and anti-HVR1 serum antibody which specifically bound to HCV virus-like particles.
11	11205105	A tobamoviral vector was engineered to encode a consensus sequence of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), a potential neutralizing epitope of HCV, genetically fused to the C-terminal of the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB).
12	11205105	Plants infected with recombinant tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) engineered to express the HVR1/CTB chimeric protein, contained intact TMV particles and produced the HVR1 consensus peptide fused to the functionally active, pentameric B subunit of cholera toxin.
13	11205105	Plant-derived HVR1/CTB reacted with HVR1-specific monoclonal antibodies and immune sera from individuals infected with virus from four of the major genotypes of HCV.
14	11205105	Intranasal immunization of mice with a crude plant extract containing the recombinant HVR1/CTB protein elicited both anti-CTB serum antibody and anti-HVR1 serum antibody which specifically bound to HCV virus-like particles.
15	11205105	A tobamoviral vector was engineered to encode a consensus sequence of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), a potential neutralizing epitope of HCV, genetically fused to the C-terminal of the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB).
16	11205105	Plants infected with recombinant tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) engineered to express the HVR1/CTB chimeric protein, contained intact TMV particles and produced the HVR1 consensus peptide fused to the functionally active, pentameric B subunit of cholera toxin.
17	11205105	Plant-derived HVR1/CTB reacted with HVR1-specific monoclonal antibodies and immune sera from individuals infected with virus from four of the major genotypes of HCV.
18	11205105	Intranasal immunization of mice with a crude plant extract containing the recombinant HVR1/CTB protein elicited both anti-CTB serum antibody and anti-HVR1 serum antibody which specifically bound to HCV virus-like particles.
19	11205105	A tobamoviral vector was engineered to encode a consensus sequence of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), a potential neutralizing epitope of HCV, genetically fused to the C-terminal of the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB).
20	11205105	Plants infected with recombinant tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) engineered to express the HVR1/CTB chimeric protein, contained intact TMV particles and produced the HVR1 consensus peptide fused to the functionally active, pentameric B subunit of cholera toxin.
21	11205105	Plant-derived HVR1/CTB reacted with HVR1-specific monoclonal antibodies and immune sera from individuals infected with virus from four of the major genotypes of HCV.
22	11205105	Intranasal immunization of mice with a crude plant extract containing the recombinant HVR1/CTB protein elicited both anti-CTB serum antibody and anti-HVR1 serum antibody which specifically bound to HCV virus-like particles.
23	12034092	When administered by EPI, CTB, LTR72 and LTK63 significantly augmented antibody responses to the influenza vaccine and protection against a lethal challenge in a mouse model.
24	12496431	Previous studies have shown that nCT as mucosal adjuvant requires IL-4 and induces CD4-positive (CD4+) Th2-type responses, while nLT up-regulates Th1 cell production of IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses.
25	12496431	To address the relative importance of the A or B subunits in CD4+ Th cell subset responses, chimeras of CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B were constructed.
26	12496431	Mice nasally immunized with CT-A/LT-B or LT-A/CT-B and the weak immunogen OVA developed OVA-specific, plasma IgG Abs titers similar to those induced by either nCT or nLT.
27	12496431	Both CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B promoted secretory IgA anti-OVA Ab, which established their retention of mucosal adjuvant activity.
28	12496431	The CT-A/LT-B chimera, like nLT, induced OVA-specific mucosal and peripheral CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses, with plasma IgG2a anti-OVA Abs.
29	12496431	Further, LT-A/CT-B, like nCT, promoted plasma IgG1 more than IgG2a and IgE Abs with OVA-specific CD4+ Th2 cells secreting high levels of IL-4, but not IFN-gamma.
30	12496431	The LT-A/CT-B chimera and nCT, but not the CT-A/LT-B chimera or nLT, suppressed IL-12R expression and IFN-gamma production by activated T cells.
31	12496431	Previous studies have shown that nCT as mucosal adjuvant requires IL-4 and induces CD4-positive (CD4+) Th2-type responses, while nLT up-regulates Th1 cell production of IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses.
32	12496431	To address the relative importance of the A or B subunits in CD4+ Th cell subset responses, chimeras of CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B were constructed.
33	12496431	Mice nasally immunized with CT-A/LT-B or LT-A/CT-B and the weak immunogen OVA developed OVA-specific, plasma IgG Abs titers similar to those induced by either nCT or nLT.
34	12496431	Both CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B promoted secretory IgA anti-OVA Ab, which established their retention of mucosal adjuvant activity.
35	12496431	The CT-A/LT-B chimera, like nLT, induced OVA-specific mucosal and peripheral CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses, with plasma IgG2a anti-OVA Abs.
36	12496431	Further, LT-A/CT-B, like nCT, promoted plasma IgG1 more than IgG2a and IgE Abs with OVA-specific CD4+ Th2 cells secreting high levels of IL-4, but not IFN-gamma.
37	12496431	The LT-A/CT-B chimera and nCT, but not the CT-A/LT-B chimera or nLT, suppressed IL-12R expression and IFN-gamma production by activated T cells.
38	12496431	Previous studies have shown that nCT as mucosal adjuvant requires IL-4 and induces CD4-positive (CD4+) Th2-type responses, while nLT up-regulates Th1 cell production of IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses.
39	12496431	To address the relative importance of the A or B subunits in CD4+ Th cell subset responses, chimeras of CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B were constructed.
40	12496431	Mice nasally immunized with CT-A/LT-B or LT-A/CT-B and the weak immunogen OVA developed OVA-specific, plasma IgG Abs titers similar to those induced by either nCT or nLT.
41	12496431	Both CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B promoted secretory IgA anti-OVA Ab, which established their retention of mucosal adjuvant activity.
42	12496431	The CT-A/LT-B chimera, like nLT, induced OVA-specific mucosal and peripheral CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses, with plasma IgG2a anti-OVA Abs.
43	12496431	Further, LT-A/CT-B, like nCT, promoted plasma IgG1 more than IgG2a and IgE Abs with OVA-specific CD4+ Th2 cells secreting high levels of IL-4, but not IFN-gamma.
44	12496431	The LT-A/CT-B chimera and nCT, but not the CT-A/LT-B chimera or nLT, suppressed IL-12R expression and IFN-gamma production by activated T cells.
45	12496431	Previous studies have shown that nCT as mucosal adjuvant requires IL-4 and induces CD4-positive (CD4+) Th2-type responses, while nLT up-regulates Th1 cell production of IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses.
46	12496431	To address the relative importance of the A or B subunits in CD4+ Th cell subset responses, chimeras of CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B were constructed.
47	12496431	Mice nasally immunized with CT-A/LT-B or LT-A/CT-B and the weak immunogen OVA developed OVA-specific, plasma IgG Abs titers similar to those induced by either nCT or nLT.
48	12496431	Both CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B promoted secretory IgA anti-OVA Ab, which established their retention of mucosal adjuvant activity.
49	12496431	The CT-A/LT-B chimera, like nLT, induced OVA-specific mucosal and peripheral CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses, with plasma IgG2a anti-OVA Abs.
50	12496431	Further, LT-A/CT-B, like nCT, promoted plasma IgG1 more than IgG2a and IgE Abs with OVA-specific CD4+ Th2 cells secreting high levels of IL-4, but not IFN-gamma.
51	12496431	The LT-A/CT-B chimera and nCT, but not the CT-A/LT-B chimera or nLT, suppressed IL-12R expression and IFN-gamma production by activated T cells.
52	12496431	Previous studies have shown that nCT as mucosal adjuvant requires IL-4 and induces CD4-positive (CD4+) Th2-type responses, while nLT up-regulates Th1 cell production of IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses.
53	12496431	To address the relative importance of the A or B subunits in CD4+ Th cell subset responses, chimeras of CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B were constructed.
54	12496431	Mice nasally immunized with CT-A/LT-B or LT-A/CT-B and the weak immunogen OVA developed OVA-specific, plasma IgG Abs titers similar to those induced by either nCT or nLT.
55	12496431	Both CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B promoted secretory IgA anti-OVA Ab, which established their retention of mucosal adjuvant activity.
56	12496431	The CT-A/LT-B chimera, like nLT, induced OVA-specific mucosal and peripheral CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses, with plasma IgG2a anti-OVA Abs.
57	12496431	Further, LT-A/CT-B, like nCT, promoted plasma IgG1 more than IgG2a and IgE Abs with OVA-specific CD4+ Th2 cells secreting high levels of IL-4, but not IFN-gamma.
58	12496431	The LT-A/CT-B chimera and nCT, but not the CT-A/LT-B chimera or nLT, suppressed IL-12R expression and IFN-gamma production by activated T cells.
59	16013476	A fusion gene CTB-PROIN, in which Proinsulin gene was fused to the 3' end of CTB gene by a hinge peptide 'GPGP', was constructed and cloned into pET-30a(+) to obtain a prokaryotic expression vector pETCPI.
60	16493030	Using adoptive transfer models, we demonstrate that ivag application of CTB-OVA activates OVA-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells in draining lymph nodes (DLN).
61	16493030	Moreover, ivag CTB induces an expansion of IFN-gamma-secreting CD8+ T cells in DLN and genital mucosa and promotes Ab responses to OVA.
62	16493030	Furthermore, genital CD11b+ CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs), but not CD8+ CD11c+ or CD11c- APCs, present MHC class I epitopes acquired after ivag CTB-OVA, suggesting a critical role of this DC subset in the priming of genital CTLs.
63	18198938	In contrast with maize-expressed LTB, the DT50 for bacterially produced LTB and CTB was less than 4 d both in pond water and soil.
64	19269688	On the other hand, the role of their non-toxic B-subunits, CTB or LTB, in enhancing mucosal immune response is not clear.
65	22905240	DC rapidly bind SVLP within min, co-localised with CTB and CD9, but not caveolin-1.
66	23306362	Clinical trial to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of an oral inactivated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli prototype vaccine containing CFA/I overexpressing bacteria and recombinantly produced LTB/CTB hybrid protein.
67	25295172	CTB-MPR is a fusion protein between the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) and the membrane-proximal region of gp41 (MPR), the transmembrane envelope protein of Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), and has previously been shown to induce the production of anti-HIV-1 antibodies with antiviral functions.
68	25295172	The first variant contained a flexible GPGP linker between CTB and MPR, and yielded crystals that diffracted to a resolution of 2.3 Å, but only the CTB region was detected in the electron-density map.
69	25295172	A third construct containing a polyalanine linker between CTB and MPR proved to stabilize the pentameric form of the protein during purification.
70	25295172	CTB-MPR is a fusion protein between the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) and the membrane-proximal region of gp41 (MPR), the transmembrane envelope protein of Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), and has previously been shown to induce the production of anti-HIV-1 antibodies with antiviral functions.
71	25295172	The first variant contained a flexible GPGP linker between CTB and MPR, and yielded crystals that diffracted to a resolution of 2.3 Å, but only the CTB region was detected in the electron-density map.
72	25295172	A third construct containing a polyalanine linker between CTB and MPR proved to stabilize the pentameric form of the protein during purification.