Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: CYP3A5

Gene name: cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 5

HGNC ID: 2638

Synonyms: PCN3, P450PCN3, CP35

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	CCL5	1 hits
2	CYP2B6	1 hits
3	ICAM1	1 hits
4	IFNG	1 hits
5	IFNGR1	1 hits
6	LOH19CR1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	608533	There followed a progressive increase in liver weight and in the duration of hexobarbitone sleeping time, accompanied by a marked decrease in liver microsomal protein and in cytochrome P-450/mg microsomal protein.
2	608533	That is to say, content of cytochrome P-450 was reduced out of proportion to the apparent loss of endoplasmic reticulum.
3	608533	There followed a progressive increase in liver weight and in the duration of hexobarbitone sleeping time, accompanied by a marked decrease in liver microsomal protein and in cytochrome P-450/mg microsomal protein.
4	608533	That is to say, content of cytochrome P-450 was reduced out of proportion to the apparent loss of endoplasmic reticulum.
5	762660	The decrease in phenytoin hydroxylation and elimination rate resulted from depressed levels of cytochrome P-450 in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum of rats treated with B. pertussis vaccine or poly(rI.rC).
6	1500188	Furthermore, cytochrome P-450 levels were decreased 30 to 40% 24 h after DTP vaccine administration in both R and NR mice, while after LPS administration they were decreased 30% in R mice and less than 10% in NR mice.
7	1500188	Levels of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 in plasma of R mice were markedly increased after DTP and LPS treatment, while NR mice had reduced increases.
8	2242403	Effect of cytochrome P-450 inhibition and stimulation on intensity of polyethylene degradation in microsomal fraction of mouse and rat livers.
9	2242403	The inhibition and stimulation of cytochrome P-450 in mouse livers affected the formation of oxidative groups on PE.
10	2242403	Phenobarbital doses of 3 x 0.05 mg per mouse increased the concentration of cytochrome P-450 and ketone groups on PE, whereas the vaccine Propionibacterium acnes (0.5 mg) and its pyridine fraction (0.5 and 1 mg) had the opposite effect.
11	2242403	The coherence of cytochrome P-450 with oxidative changes on PE is compared and discussed with findings on implants in man.
12	2242403	Effect of cytochrome P-450 inhibition and stimulation on intensity of polyethylene degradation in microsomal fraction of mouse and rat livers.
13	2242403	The inhibition and stimulation of cytochrome P-450 in mouse livers affected the formation of oxidative groups on PE.
14	2242403	Phenobarbital doses of 3 x 0.05 mg per mouse increased the concentration of cytochrome P-450 and ketone groups on PE, whereas the vaccine Propionibacterium acnes (0.5 mg) and its pyridine fraction (0.5 and 1 mg) had the opposite effect.
15	2242403	The coherence of cytochrome P-450 with oxidative changes on PE is compared and discussed with findings on implants in man.
16	2242403	Effect of cytochrome P-450 inhibition and stimulation on intensity of polyethylene degradation in microsomal fraction of mouse and rat livers.
17	2242403	The inhibition and stimulation of cytochrome P-450 in mouse livers affected the formation of oxidative groups on PE.
18	2242403	Phenobarbital doses of 3 x 0.05 mg per mouse increased the concentration of cytochrome P-450 and ketone groups on PE, whereas the vaccine Propionibacterium acnes (0.5 mg) and its pyridine fraction (0.5 and 1 mg) had the opposite effect.
19	2242403	The coherence of cytochrome P-450 with oxidative changes on PE is compared and discussed with findings on implants in man.
20	2242403	Effect of cytochrome P-450 inhibition and stimulation on intensity of polyethylene degradation in microsomal fraction of mouse and rat livers.
21	2242403	The inhibition and stimulation of cytochrome P-450 in mouse livers affected the formation of oxidative groups on PE.
22	2242403	Phenobarbital doses of 3 x 0.05 mg per mouse increased the concentration of cytochrome P-450 and ketone groups on PE, whereas the vaccine Propionibacterium acnes (0.5 mg) and its pyridine fraction (0.5 and 1 mg) had the opposite effect.
23	2242403	The coherence of cytochrome P-450 with oxidative changes on PE is compared and discussed with findings on implants in man.
24	2410095	Interferon (IFN) and IFN inducers are known to depress hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 levels, and the liver toxicity of IFN was reported to be lethal in newborn mice.
25	2410095	We have observed that administration to mice of IFN and IFN inducers caused a marked increase in liver xanthine oxidase activity.
26	2410095	Because this enzyme is well known to produce reactive oxygen intermediates and cytochrome P-450 was reported to be sensitive to the oxidative damage, we have tested the hypothesis that a free radical mechanism could mediate the depression of cytochrome P-450 levels by IFN.
27	2410095	Administration to mice of the IFN inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (2 mg/kg i.p.) caused a 29 to 52% decrease in liver cytochrome P-450.
28	2410095	Concomitant p.o. administration of the free radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (as a 2.5% solution in drinking water), or the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol (100 mg/kg), protected against the IFN-mediated depression of P-450 kg), protected against the IFN-mediated depression of P-450 levels.
29	2410095	The results suggest that an increased endogenous generation of free radicals, possibly due to the induction of xanthine oxidase, is implicated in the IFN-mediated depression of liver drug metabolism.
30	2410095	Interferon (IFN) and IFN inducers are known to depress hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 levels, and the liver toxicity of IFN was reported to be lethal in newborn mice.
31	2410095	We have observed that administration to mice of IFN and IFN inducers caused a marked increase in liver xanthine oxidase activity.
32	2410095	Because this enzyme is well known to produce reactive oxygen intermediates and cytochrome P-450 was reported to be sensitive to the oxidative damage, we have tested the hypothesis that a free radical mechanism could mediate the depression of cytochrome P-450 levels by IFN.
33	2410095	Administration to mice of the IFN inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (2 mg/kg i.p.) caused a 29 to 52% decrease in liver cytochrome P-450.
34	2410095	Concomitant p.o. administration of the free radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (as a 2.5% solution in drinking water), or the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol (100 mg/kg), protected against the IFN-mediated depression of P-450 kg), protected against the IFN-mediated depression of P-450 levels.
35	2410095	The results suggest that an increased endogenous generation of free radicals, possibly due to the induction of xanthine oxidase, is implicated in the IFN-mediated depression of liver drug metabolism.
36	2410095	Interferon (IFN) and IFN inducers are known to depress hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 levels, and the liver toxicity of IFN was reported to be lethal in newborn mice.
37	2410095	We have observed that administration to mice of IFN and IFN inducers caused a marked increase in liver xanthine oxidase activity.
38	2410095	Because this enzyme is well known to produce reactive oxygen intermediates and cytochrome P-450 was reported to be sensitive to the oxidative damage, we have tested the hypothesis that a free radical mechanism could mediate the depression of cytochrome P-450 levels by IFN.
39	2410095	Administration to mice of the IFN inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (2 mg/kg i.p.) caused a 29 to 52% decrease in liver cytochrome P-450.
40	2410095	Concomitant p.o. administration of the free radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (as a 2.5% solution in drinking water), or the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol (100 mg/kg), protected against the IFN-mediated depression of P-450 kg), protected against the IFN-mediated depression of P-450 levels.
41	2410095	The results suggest that an increased endogenous generation of free radicals, possibly due to the induction of xanthine oxidase, is implicated in the IFN-mediated depression of liver drug metabolism.
42	3157461	[Effects on the lymphreticular system and inhibition of liver microsomaal cytochrome P-450 in mice administered Priopionibacterium acnes (Corynebacterium parvum) bacterin].
43	3780149	In patients who are receiving phenytoin, phenobarbital, or other drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 system, serum concentrations of these drugs may increase as a result of influenza vaccination, and dosage adjustments may be necessary.
44	3841363	A sustained increase of microsomal heme oxygenase activity following treatment of rats with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and Corynebacterium parvum: its possible relation to the decrease of cytochrome P-450 content.
45	3841363	Hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities and microsomal cytochrome P-450 and b5 content were significantly decreased for up to 15 and 10 d by a single i.v. administration of BCG and CP, respectively.
46	3841363	These results suggest that the decrease of cytochrome P-450 and b5 content and drug metabolizing enzyme activities by BCG and CP could be related, at least in part, to the prolonged increase of heme oxygenase activity, that may lead to the increased breakdown of heme available for the synthesis of these hemoproteins.
47	3841363	A sustained increase of microsomal heme oxygenase activity following treatment of rats with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and Corynebacterium parvum: its possible relation to the decrease of cytochrome P-450 content.
48	3841363	Hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities and microsomal cytochrome P-450 and b5 content were significantly decreased for up to 15 and 10 d by a single i.v. administration of BCG and CP, respectively.
49	3841363	These results suggest that the decrease of cytochrome P-450 and b5 content and drug metabolizing enzyme activities by BCG and CP could be related, at least in part, to the prolonged increase of heme oxygenase activity, that may lead to the increased breakdown of heme available for the synthesis of these hemoproteins.
50	3841363	A sustained increase of microsomal heme oxygenase activity following treatment of rats with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and Corynebacterium parvum: its possible relation to the decrease of cytochrome P-450 content.
51	3841363	Hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities and microsomal cytochrome P-450 and b5 content were significantly decreased for up to 15 and 10 d by a single i.v. administration of BCG and CP, respectively.
52	3841363	These results suggest that the decrease of cytochrome P-450 and b5 content and drug metabolizing enzyme activities by BCG and CP could be related, at least in part, to the prolonged increase of heme oxygenase activity, that may lead to the increased breakdown of heme available for the synthesis of these hemoproteins.
53	3979001	The alleged mechanism is the formation of interferon and the resulting decrease in cytochrome P-450 available for drug oxidation.
54	3990039	The loss of drug-metabolizing activity by the treatment with lentinan agreed with the loss of cytochrome P-450 content in many cases.
55	3990039	That is to say, the loss of cytochrome P-450 content by the treatment with lentinan was observed in the ddY, C57BL/6 and BDF1 strain mice, but was not observed in the DBA/2, C3H/He and C57BL/10 strain mice.
56	3990039	The loss of drug-metabolizing activity by the treatment with lentinan agreed with the loss of cytochrome P-450 content in many cases.
57	3990039	That is to say, the loss of cytochrome P-450 content by the treatment with lentinan was observed in the ddY, C57BL/6 and BDF1 strain mice, but was not observed in the DBA/2, C3H/He and C57BL/10 strain mice.
58	6180105	Effects of passive transfer and induction of gamma (type II immune) interferon preparations on the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin by murine cytochrome P-450.
59	6180105	Induction of gamma (Type II) interferon results in depression of the cytochrome P-450 system of mice.
60	6180105	The degree of depression of the cytochrome P-450 system correlates with the levels of interferon induced. passive transfer of exogenous gamma interferon also results in depression of the murine cytochrome P-450 system.
61	6180105	In the present study the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin, a drug metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 system, was examined in mice in which gamma interferon was induced.
62	6180105	Passive transfer of gamma interferon also depressed the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin by the murine cytochrome P-450 system.
63	6180105	Effects of passive transfer and induction of gamma (type II immune) interferon preparations on the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin by murine cytochrome P-450.
64	6180105	Induction of gamma (Type II) interferon results in depression of the cytochrome P-450 system of mice.
65	6180105	The degree of depression of the cytochrome P-450 system correlates with the levels of interferon induced. passive transfer of exogenous gamma interferon also results in depression of the murine cytochrome P-450 system.
66	6180105	In the present study the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin, a drug metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 system, was examined in mice in which gamma interferon was induced.
67	6180105	Passive transfer of gamma interferon also depressed the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin by the murine cytochrome P-450 system.
68	6180105	Effects of passive transfer and induction of gamma (type II immune) interferon preparations on the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin by murine cytochrome P-450.
69	6180105	Induction of gamma (Type II) interferon results in depression of the cytochrome P-450 system of mice.
70	6180105	The degree of depression of the cytochrome P-450 system correlates with the levels of interferon induced. passive transfer of exogenous gamma interferon also results in depression of the murine cytochrome P-450 system.
71	6180105	In the present study the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin, a drug metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 system, was examined in mice in which gamma interferon was induced.
72	6180105	Passive transfer of gamma interferon also depressed the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin by the murine cytochrome P-450 system.
73	6180105	Effects of passive transfer and induction of gamma (type II immune) interferon preparations on the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin by murine cytochrome P-450.
74	6180105	Induction of gamma (Type II) interferon results in depression of the cytochrome P-450 system of mice.
75	6180105	The degree of depression of the cytochrome P-450 system correlates with the levels of interferon induced. passive transfer of exogenous gamma interferon also results in depression of the murine cytochrome P-450 system.
76	6180105	In the present study the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin, a drug metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 system, was examined in mice in which gamma interferon was induced.
77	6180105	Passive transfer of gamma interferon also depressed the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin by the murine cytochrome P-450 system.
78	6180105	Effects of passive transfer and induction of gamma (type II immune) interferon preparations on the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin by murine cytochrome P-450.
79	6180105	Induction of gamma (Type II) interferon results in depression of the cytochrome P-450 system of mice.
80	6180105	The degree of depression of the cytochrome P-450 system correlates with the levels of interferon induced. passive transfer of exogenous gamma interferon also results in depression of the murine cytochrome P-450 system.
81	6180105	In the present study the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin, a drug metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 system, was examined in mice in which gamma interferon was induced.
82	6180105	Passive transfer of gamma interferon also depressed the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin by the murine cytochrome P-450 system.
83	6383754	The underlying mechanism of the interaction is thought to be due to the vaccine (as an interferon-inducer) inactivating the hepatic cytochrome P-450 system; this results in depressed drug metabolism and reduced clearance.
84	6940467	Effects of interferon-inducing agents on hepatic cytochrome P-450 drug metabolizing systems.
85	6940467	The loss of cytochrome P-450 elicited by IF-inducing agents is accompanied by a perturbation of heme metabolism associated with the dissociation of heme from cytochrome P-450.
86	6940467	The agents also cause losses of hepatic catalase and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase.
87	6940467	Effects of interferon-inducing agents on hepatic cytochrome P-450 drug metabolizing systems.
88	6940467	The loss of cytochrome P-450 elicited by IF-inducing agents is accompanied by a perturbation of heme metabolism associated with the dissociation of heme from cytochrome P-450.
89	6940467	The agents also cause losses of hepatic catalase and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase.
90	7351278	The cytochrome P-450 content was not significantly altered; its activity (ethoxycoumarin O-dealkylation) was inhibited in both the intravenous and intracutaneous group.
91	7351278	The inhibitory effects of BCG treatment on the drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat liver can only partly be explained by changes in the cytochrome P-450 system.
92	7351278	The cytochrome P-450 content was not significantly altered; its activity (ethoxycoumarin O-dealkylation) was inhibited in both the intravenous and intracutaneous group.
93	7351278	The inhibitory effects of BCG treatment on the drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat liver can only partly be explained by changes in the cytochrome P-450 system.
94	7523268	Administration of whole-cell diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed (DTP vaccine) caused marked depression in the expression of mRNA for isozymes of cytochrome P-450 in the livers of endotoxin-responsive and nonresponsive mice.
95	7523268	The levels of expression of mRNA for a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible (CYP1A2) and an ethanol-inducible (CYP2E1) form of P-450 were reduced by 70% to 80% 8 to 12 hr after vaccination or Bordetella pertussis endotoxin administration.
96	7523268	These effects are preceded by marked increases (threefold to sixfold) in mRNA expression for interleukin-6, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in both strains of mice, with maximal increases 1 to 2 hr after injection.
97	7523268	The finding of increased cytokine mRNA in the livers of mice injected with vaccine supports a role for cytokines as mediators of the decreased levels of cytochrome P-450.
98	7523268	The temporal relationship of the increased cytokine mRNA expression, increased nitric oxide synthase and decreased expression of P-450 mRNAs suggests a mechanism by which cytokines mediate the induction of nitric oxide synthase, which increases nitric oxide and decreases the activities of some cytochromes P-450.
99	7523268	Administration of whole-cell diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed (DTP vaccine) caused marked depression in the expression of mRNA for isozymes of cytochrome P-450 in the livers of endotoxin-responsive and nonresponsive mice.
100	7523268	The levels of expression of mRNA for a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible (CYP1A2) and an ethanol-inducible (CYP2E1) form of P-450 were reduced by 70% to 80% 8 to 12 hr after vaccination or Bordetella pertussis endotoxin administration.
101	7523268	These effects are preceded by marked increases (threefold to sixfold) in mRNA expression for interleukin-6, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in both strains of mice, with maximal increases 1 to 2 hr after injection.
102	7523268	The finding of increased cytokine mRNA in the livers of mice injected with vaccine supports a role for cytokines as mediators of the decreased levels of cytochrome P-450.
103	7523268	The temporal relationship of the increased cytokine mRNA expression, increased nitric oxide synthase and decreased expression of P-450 mRNAs suggests a mechanism by which cytokines mediate the induction of nitric oxide synthase, which increases nitric oxide and decreases the activities of some cytochromes P-450.
104	7959430	Peptidoglycan and Pex-residue induced significant depression of cytochrome P-450 in mouse liver microsomes after application of 0.1 mg per mouse.
105	8262641	A 24-h pretreatment of mice with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis vaccines depressed liver cytochrome P-450 and therefore prolonged hexobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice.
106	8406812	Cytochrome P-450 (P-450) levels were inhibited more than 50% at 7 days following a single injection of PT mixed with either vaccine.
107	8406812	Alterations of P-450 levels were accompanied by increased activities of quinone reductase but not with changes in plasma interleukin-6 or tumor necrosis factor levels.
108	8406812	Endotoxin or preparations containing endotoxin caused alterations in hepatic drug metabolism within 24 h, concomitant with increased interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor levels, but these effects had resolved by 1 week.
109	8841489	We have studied the duration of sleep induced by hexenalum in immunized mice, since it is known that rodent sleep induced by barbiturates depends on cytochrome P-450 activity.
110	8841489	We propose that the anticlastogenic effect observed in our experiment is due to a reduction in the cytochrome P-450 activity induced by TLV immunization.
111	8841489	We have studied the duration of sleep induced by hexenalum in immunized mice, since it is known that rodent sleep induced by barbiturates depends on cytochrome P-450 activity.
112	8841489	We propose that the anticlastogenic effect observed in our experiment is due to a reduction in the cytochrome P-450 activity induced by TLV immunization.
113	9431391	The drug is metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 3A system, thus antimicrobials that inhibit or induce these enzymes can alter levels of tacrolimus in the bloodstream.
114	9431391	Increased tacrolimus levels and subsequent toxicity have been produced by a number of antimicrobial agents that inhibit the cytochrome P-450 3A system.
115	9431391	Conversely, drugs with the potential to induce the cytochrome P-450 3A system can reduce the levels of tacrolimus in the blood, leading to increased risk of acute rejection in transplant recipients.
116	9431391	The drug is metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 3A system, thus antimicrobials that inhibit or induce these enzymes can alter levels of tacrolimus in the bloodstream.
117	9431391	Increased tacrolimus levels and subsequent toxicity have been produced by a number of antimicrobial agents that inhibit the cytochrome P-450 3A system.
118	9431391	Conversely, drugs with the potential to induce the cytochrome P-450 3A system can reduce the levels of tacrolimus in the blood, leading to increased risk of acute rejection in transplant recipients.
119	9431391	The drug is metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 3A system, thus antimicrobials that inhibit or induce these enzymes can alter levels of tacrolimus in the bloodstream.
120	9431391	Increased tacrolimus levels and subsequent toxicity have been produced by a number of antimicrobial agents that inhibit the cytochrome P-450 3A system.
121	9431391	Conversely, drugs with the potential to induce the cytochrome P-450 3A system can reduce the levels of tacrolimus in the blood, leading to increased risk of acute rejection in transplant recipients.
122	12044064	The inhibition of carcinogenic and clastogenic effects of NNM in rats immunized with TLV are probably due to a decrease in cytochrome P-450 activity.
123	15168752	Enrofloxacin was given ad libitum in the drinking water at concentrations of 50, 100 and 250 mg/L from 8 days to 13 days of age when the animals were killed and the activities of cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver were measured.
124	15356430	Urinary tract diseases revealed after DTP vaccination in infants and young children: cytokine irregularities and down-regulation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes induced by the vaccine may uncover latent diseases in genetically predisposed subjects.
125	15356430	It is suggested that the whole-cell pertussis present in DTP vaccine, acting as an excessive stimulus in these patients, produced symptoms reminiscent of biologic responses to circulating proinflammatory monokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 because earlier it was reported that in vitro the whole-cell vaccine induced significantly more such cytokine production than did the acellular pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus-only vaccine.
126	15356430	Analysis of the cellular immune disturbances previously reported in urinary tract infection/inflammation (increased serum and/or urinary IL-1alpha, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6 and IL-8), steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (increased IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and decreased or increased IL-4, depending on the cells studied), and atopic dermatitis (decreased IFN-gamma and increased IL-4 production), may suggest that similar subclinical chronic cytokine-mediated abnormalities produced in the course of latent diseases revealed in our patients, combined with those caused by DTP vaccination stimulus, were responsible for the pathomechanism of these clinical entities.
127	15356430	This speculation is in agreement with the reports on the long-lasting induction of cytokine release and down-regulation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme activities after administration of DTP vaccine to mice and may be supported by the fact that TH1 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and RANTES, whereas TH2 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of the vascular cell adhesion molecule and P-selectin, which are key players in the migration into inflamed tissues and localization of lymphocytes and other allergic effector and inflammatory cells.
128	15356430	Because several inflammatory cytokines down-regulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 and/or other enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, thus affecting the metabolism of several endogenous lipophilic substances such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and exogenous substances, their irregularities in the body may eventually lead to the flare of latent diseases in some predisposed subjects.
129	15356430	Also, interleukin genetic polymorphisms, especially the constellation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 genetic variants, might predispose some infants with infection to a more than usually intense inflammatory response in the kidneys after vaccination.
130	15356430	Urinary tract diseases revealed after DTP vaccination in infants and young children: cytokine irregularities and down-regulation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes induced by the vaccine may uncover latent diseases in genetically predisposed subjects.
131	15356430	It is suggested that the whole-cell pertussis present in DTP vaccine, acting as an excessive stimulus in these patients, produced symptoms reminiscent of biologic responses to circulating proinflammatory monokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 because earlier it was reported that in vitro the whole-cell vaccine induced significantly more such cytokine production than did the acellular pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus-only vaccine.
132	15356430	Analysis of the cellular immune disturbances previously reported in urinary tract infection/inflammation (increased serum and/or urinary IL-1alpha, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6 and IL-8), steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (increased IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and decreased or increased IL-4, depending on the cells studied), and atopic dermatitis (decreased IFN-gamma and increased IL-4 production), may suggest that similar subclinical chronic cytokine-mediated abnormalities produced in the course of latent diseases revealed in our patients, combined with those caused by DTP vaccination stimulus, were responsible for the pathomechanism of these clinical entities.
133	15356430	This speculation is in agreement with the reports on the long-lasting induction of cytokine release and down-regulation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme activities after administration of DTP vaccine to mice and may be supported by the fact that TH1 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and RANTES, whereas TH2 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of the vascular cell adhesion molecule and P-selectin, which are key players in the migration into inflamed tissues and localization of lymphocytes and other allergic effector and inflammatory cells.
134	15356430	Because several inflammatory cytokines down-regulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 and/or other enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, thus affecting the metabolism of several endogenous lipophilic substances such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and exogenous substances, their irregularities in the body may eventually lead to the flare of latent diseases in some predisposed subjects.
135	15356430	Also, interleukin genetic polymorphisms, especially the constellation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 genetic variants, might predispose some infants with infection to a more than usually intense inflammatory response in the kidneys after vaccination.
136	15356430	Urinary tract diseases revealed after DTP vaccination in infants and young children: cytokine irregularities and down-regulation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes induced by the vaccine may uncover latent diseases in genetically predisposed subjects.
137	15356430	It is suggested that the whole-cell pertussis present in DTP vaccine, acting as an excessive stimulus in these patients, produced symptoms reminiscent of biologic responses to circulating proinflammatory monokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 because earlier it was reported that in vitro the whole-cell vaccine induced significantly more such cytokine production than did the acellular pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus-only vaccine.
138	15356430	Analysis of the cellular immune disturbances previously reported in urinary tract infection/inflammation (increased serum and/or urinary IL-1alpha, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6 and IL-8), steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (increased IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and decreased or increased IL-4, depending on the cells studied), and atopic dermatitis (decreased IFN-gamma and increased IL-4 production), may suggest that similar subclinical chronic cytokine-mediated abnormalities produced in the course of latent diseases revealed in our patients, combined with those caused by DTP vaccination stimulus, were responsible for the pathomechanism of these clinical entities.
139	15356430	This speculation is in agreement with the reports on the long-lasting induction of cytokine release and down-regulation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme activities after administration of DTP vaccine to mice and may be supported by the fact that TH1 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and RANTES, whereas TH2 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of the vascular cell adhesion molecule and P-selectin, which are key players in the migration into inflamed tissues and localization of lymphocytes and other allergic effector and inflammatory cells.
140	15356430	Because several inflammatory cytokines down-regulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 and/or other enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, thus affecting the metabolism of several endogenous lipophilic substances such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and exogenous substances, their irregularities in the body may eventually lead to the flare of latent diseases in some predisposed subjects.
141	15356430	Also, interleukin genetic polymorphisms, especially the constellation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 genetic variants, might predispose some infants with infection to a more than usually intense inflammatory response in the kidneys after vaccination.
142	15543094	The elevated levels of immunoglobulins, about 20% more muscle in the pulmonary arteries, increased airway smooth muscle cells, and increased fetal hemoglobin and erythropoietin are evidence of chronic hypoxia before death.
143	15543094	These proinflammatory cytokines down-regulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 and/or other enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, thus affecting metabolism of several endogenous lipophilic substances, such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and exogenous substances.
144	15543094	PEPCK deficit found in SIDS infants (caused also by vitamin A deficiency) and eventually enhanced by PACAP lipolysis of adipocyte triglycerides resulted in an increased FA level in blood because of their impaired reesterification to triacylglycerol in adipocytes.
145	15543094	Pulmonary edema and petechial hemorrhages often present in SIDS victims may be the result of the vascular leak syndrome caused by IL-2 and IFN-alpha.
146	15543094	Chronic hypoxia with the release of proinflammatory mediators IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, and overloading of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems due to the narrowing airways and small pulmonary arteries of these children could also contribute to the development of these abnormalities.
147	15543094	Moreover, chronic hypoxia of SIDS infants induced also production of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha), which stimulated synthesis and release of different growth factors by vascular endothelial cells and intensified subclinical inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system, perhaps potentiated also by PACAP and VIP gene mutations.
148	24576399	At 24wk after the primary immunisation, testes were severely atrophied, spermatogenesis was arrested and steroidogenesis was suppressed, as evidenced by lesser amounts of testicular cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 and 17α-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 mRNA (P<0.05).
149	24576399	Furthermore, the amounts of mRNA for GnRH in the arcuate nucleus (Arc), of the hypothalamus and GnRH receptor and LH-β in the pituitary and genes in sex-hormone negative feedback loops (androgen receptor, oestrogen alpha receptor, kisspeptin encoded gene and kisspeptin receptor) in the Arc were decreased in pregnenolone-immunised rabbits compared to controls (P<0.05).
150	24906938	Compared with controls, antitestosterone immunization triggered: a substantial and sustained antibody response (P < 0.01); increases in serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone and testis weight and volume (P < 0.05); hyperplasia of testicular interstitial tissue with clustered and hypertrophic Leydig cells; and greater (P < 0.05) enzyme protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels for testicular cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450, 17α-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450, and 3β-dydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
151	24906938	Furthermore, immunoneutralization of testosterone upregulated mRNA expressions for genes in sex steroid negative feedback loops, including androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α), kisspeptin encoded gene (kiss-1) and kisspeptin receptor (G-coupled receptor 54) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, GnRH receptor and LH-β in pituitary, and AR, inhibin-α and βA subunits in testes (P < 0.05).