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Gene Information
Gene symbol: EGF
Gene name: epidermal growth factor
HGNC ID: 3229
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 1698166 | Monoclonal antibodies to myc, c-erbB-2 and epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R) were raised using a synthetic peptide approach. |
| 2 | 1698166 | The monoclonal antibodies to c-erbB-2 and EGF-R immunostained subpopulations of tumour cells on sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin wax embedded human infiltrating and invasive ductal carcinomas of breast. |
| 3 | 1698166 | This staining was shown to be peptide blockable and may reveal a true localisation for the EGF-receptor protein, a closely-related (erbB) protein or a degradation product. |
| 4 | 2679063 | Recombinant communicator proteins include interferons alfa-2a and alfa-2b and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (immune system modulators); epidermal growth factor and erythropoietin (tissue repair promoters); and human insulin, growth hormone, and atrial peptide (metabolism modulators). |
| 5 | 2679063 | Recombinant structural proteins include hepatitis B virus vaccine and CD4 protein, and recombinant modifier proteins include tissue plasminogen activator and superoxide dismutase (agents that split or splice organic molecules). |
| 6 | 3897183 | Insulin, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor were required for DBS-FRhL-2 cell proliferation in serum-free medium but were inhibitory for virus propagation. |
| 7 | 4054942 | The product was covalently coupled to a nonimmunogenic oligopeptide, representing an extracytoplasmic sequence of the receptor for the epidermal growth factor (EGF-R amino acids 516-529: Asn-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gly-Glu-Pro-Arg-Glu-Phe-Val-Glu-Asn-Ser). |
| 8 | 8698500 | This result suggests that the fine specificity of IgG3 antibodies differentiates among variant-specific natural B-cell determinants in the second epidermal growth factor domain (KNG and TSR) of the antigen. |
| 9 | 9108438 | The type III EGF receptor (EGFRvIII) is the result of an in-frame deletion from nucleotides 275 to 1075 in the EGF receptor cDNA sequence creating a novel epitope at the fusion junction. |
| 10 | 10705918 | A series of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)3 directed against the EGF (ErbB1) receptor and the closely related HER2/Neu (ErbB2) receptor are currently under evaluation. |
| 11 | 10816614 | Il-1, EGF, and HGF suppress the antiviral activity of interferon in primary monkey hepatic parenchymal cells. |
| 12 | 10816614 | Interleukin-1 alpha, EGF, and HGF showed suppressive effects on the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha, -beta in primary monkey hepatic cells when examined by the yield reduction method using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). |
| 13 | 10816614 | In contrast, 50 ng/ml of TNF and IL-6 had no suppressive effect on the IFN-induced antiviral state in the hepatic cells. |
| 14 | 10816614 | Il-1, EGF, and HGF suppress the antiviral activity of interferon in primary monkey hepatic parenchymal cells. |
| 15 | 10816614 | Interleukin-1 alpha, EGF, and HGF showed suppressive effects on the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha, -beta in primary monkey hepatic cells when examined by the yield reduction method using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). |
| 16 | 10816614 | In contrast, 50 ng/ml of TNF and IL-6 had no suppressive effect on the IFN-induced antiviral state in the hepatic cells. |
| 17 | 11024120 | Hybrid proteins consisting of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) or the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) linked to the extracellular (carboxyl) terminus of the MV-Edm attachment protein hemagglutinin (H) were produced. |
| 18 | 11024120 | The standard H protein gene was replaced by one coding for H/EGF or H/IGF1 in cDNA copies of the MV genome. |
| 19 | 11024120 | MV displaying EGF or IGF1 efficiently entered CD46-negative rodent cells expressing the human EGF or the IGF1 receptor, respectively, and the EGF virus caused extensive syncytium formation and cell death. |
| 20 | 11024120 | Hybrid proteins consisting of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) or the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) linked to the extracellular (carboxyl) terminus of the MV-Edm attachment protein hemagglutinin (H) were produced. |
| 21 | 11024120 | The standard H protein gene was replaced by one coding for H/EGF or H/IGF1 in cDNA copies of the MV genome. |
| 22 | 11024120 | MV displaying EGF or IGF1 efficiently entered CD46-negative rodent cells expressing the human EGF or the IGF1 receptor, respectively, and the EGF virus caused extensive syncytium formation and cell death. |
| 23 | 11024120 | Hybrid proteins consisting of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) or the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) linked to the extracellular (carboxyl) terminus of the MV-Edm attachment protein hemagglutinin (H) were produced. |
| 24 | 11024120 | The standard H protein gene was replaced by one coding for H/EGF or H/IGF1 in cDNA copies of the MV genome. |
| 25 | 11024120 | MV displaying EGF or IGF1 efficiently entered CD46-negative rodent cells expressing the human EGF or the IGF1 receptor, respectively, and the EGF virus caused extensive syncytium formation and cell death. |
| 26 | 11030150 | Oncogenes and tumor angiogenesis: the HPV-16 E6 oncoprotein activates the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene promoter in a p53 independent manner. |
| 27 | 11030150 | Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is known to be one of the most important inducers of angiogenesis and is upregulated in carcinoma of the cervix. |
| 28 | 11030150 | Because several oncogenes including mutant ras, EGF receptor, ErbB2/Her2, c-myc and v-src upregulate VEGF expression, we asked whether HVP-16 E6 oncoprotein could act in a similar fashion. |
| 29 | 11030150 | Furthermore, co-expression of the VEGF promoter-Luc (luciferase) reporter gene with E6 in both human keratinocytes and mouse fibroblast showed that E6 oncoprotein upregulates VEGF promoter activity, and does so in a p53 independent manner. |
| 30 | 11030150 | An E6 responsive region which comprises four Sp-1 sites, between -194 and -50 bp of the VEGF promoter, is also necessary for constitutive VEGF transcription. |
| 31 | 11378044 | Markers that correlate with specific bladder biopsy features include 1,4-methylimidazole acetic acid and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), which correlate with mast cell density, and interleukin (IL)-6, which correlates with mononuclear inflammation. |
| 32 | 11378044 | Markers that changed after treatment were as follows: (1) nitric oxide synthase and cyclic guanosine monophosphate increased with oral L-arginine; (2) ECP decreased with subcutaneous heparin; (3) prostaglandin E(2) and kallikrein decreased after bladder distention; (4) neutrophil chemotactic activity decreased after dimethyl sulfoxide; (5) IL-2 inhibitor decreased after oral nifedipine; (6) IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 decreased after bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine; and (7) APF and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor changed to or toward normal levels after bladder distention or sacral nerve stimulation. |
| 33 | 11378201 | Antibodies to the EGF-like domains of the novel protein are highly specific and do not cross-react with the EGF-like domains of MSP1, MSP4 or MSP5 expressed as GST fusion proteins. |
| 34 | 11393278 | The HER2/neu gene product, a transmembrane protein kinase member of the EGF receptor family, has significant potential as a tumor antigen for vaccination. |
| 35 | 11393278 | Our preclinical data indicate that therapeutic vaccination of patients with ELVIS-neu may reduce metastasis from HER2/neu-expressing breast and ovarian tumors. |
| 36 | 11421354 | Based on these results, we endeavored to find out the cell biological significance of GSL changes, focused on (i) cell adhesion, e.g., the compaction process of preimplantation embryo in which Le(x)-to-Le(x), Gb4-to-GalGb4 or -nLc4 play major roles; and (ii) modulation of signal transduction through interaction of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase with ganglioside, e.g., EGF receptor tyrosine kinase with GM3. |
| 37 | 11890870 | Animal studies have confirmed efficacy in the use of specific targeting of molecules regulating cancer growth (EGF receptor [EGFR], super oxide dismutase [SOD], cyclin D1, E1A and Bcl-2). |
| 38 | 11897127 | Two recently described P. falciparum merozoite surface antigens, MSP4 and MSP5, are GPI-anchored proteins that each contain a single EGF-like domain and appear to have arisen by an ancient gene duplication event. |
| 39 | 12375030 | Examples of new agents are: trastuzumab (Herceptin), a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in combination with cytotoxic agents, is used in a percentage of breast cancer patients; signal transduction inhibitor of abl tyrosine kinase STI 571 (Glivec) has been shown to be an active treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia and GISTs; epidermal growth factor receptors in certain tumors have been targeted with agents such as C225 (Cetuximab) and ZD 1839 (IRESSA); an adenosine deaminase analogue of deoxyadenosine, Cladribine (2-chloro-2 deoxy-adenosine) has shown high effectiveness in hairy-cell leukemia and the multitargeted antifolate (Premetrexed) and several vaccines have been studied and are in clinical trials for resistant cancers. |
| 40 | 12960310 | Most of these genes encoded proteins important for DC effector functions including cytokines, chemokines, and receptors, such as IL-12p40, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and IL-6; Ag presentation, such as carboxypeptidase D and H2-DM; cell adhesion (e.g., EGF-like module containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like sequence 1, rhoB); and T cell activation. |
| 41 | 14528282 | Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) oncogene in human breast carcinomas has been associated with a more aggressive course of disease. |
| 42 | 14528282 | HER2 has also been associated with sensitivity to anthracyclins and resistance to endocrine therapy, suggesting that tyrosine kinase receptor and hormone receptor pathways represent two major proliferation pathways exclusively active in breast carcinomas, one sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs and the other to antiestrogens. |
| 43 | 14685781 | HER-2/neu (also known as HER2 or c-erb-B2) is a 185-kDa protein receptor with tyrosine kinase activity and extensive homology to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. |
| 44 | 14976193 | An understanding of structural and functional constraints on the C-terminal double epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like modules of merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1 and related proteins is of importance to the development of these molecules as malaria vaccines and drug targets. |
| 45 | 15005518 | Specific inhibitors for tyrosine kinase receptors (such as EGF receptor) are currently used with success as anti-tumor drugs. |
| 46 | 15005518 | Three RTK have been identified in S. mansoni: an EGF receptor, an insulin receptor and a third receptor with an original structure probably belonging to a new class of RTK never identified. |
| 47 | 15005518 | Specific inhibitors for tyrosine kinase receptors (such as EGF receptor) are currently used with success as anti-tumor drugs. |
| 48 | 15005518 | Three RTK have been identified in S. mansoni: an EGF receptor, an insulin receptor and a third receptor with an original structure probably belonging to a new class of RTK never identified. |
| 49 | 15035435 | Inhibition of bFGF/EGF-dependent endothelial cell proliferation by the hyaluronan-binding protease from human plasma. |
| 50 | 15035435 | We found that HABP efficiently prevented the basic fibroblast growth factor/epidermal growth factor (bFGF/EGF)-dependent proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. |
| 51 | 15035435 | In vitro studies revealed a growth factor-directed activity of HABP, resulting in complexation and partial hydrolysis and, thus, inactivation of basic fibroblast growth factor, a potent mitogen for endothelial cells. |
| 52 | 15035435 | Inhibition of bFGF/EGF-dependent endothelial cell proliferation by the hyaluronan-binding protease from human plasma. |
| 53 | 15035435 | We found that HABP efficiently prevented the basic fibroblast growth factor/epidermal growth factor (bFGF/EGF)-dependent proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. |
| 54 | 15035435 | In vitro studies revealed a growth factor-directed activity of HABP, resulting in complexation and partial hydrolysis and, thus, inactivation of basic fibroblast growth factor, a potent mitogen for endothelial cells. |
| 55 | 15071612 | This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: Activated protein C concentrate, Ad-CD154, Adeno-Interferon gamma, alemtuzumab, APC-8024, 9-aminocamptothecin, aprepitant, l-arginine hydrochloride, aripiprazole, arsenic trioxide, asimadoline; O6-Benzylguanine, bevacizumab, Bi-20, binodenoson, biphasic insulin aspart, bivatuzumab, 186Re-bivatuzumab, BMS-181176, bosentan, botulinum toxin type B, BQ-123, bryostatin 1; Carboxy- amidotriazole, caspofungin acetate, CB-1954, CC-4047, CDP-860, cerivastatin sodium, clevidipine, CTL-102; 3,4-DAP, darbepoetin alfa, decitabine, desloratadine, DHA-paclitaxel, duloxetine hydrochloride; Efalizumab, EGF vaccine, eletriptan, eniluracil, ENMD-0997, eplerenone, eplivanserin, erlosamide, ertapenem sodium, escitalopram oxalate, esomeprazole magnesium, eszopiclone, everolimus, exatecan mesilate, exenatide, ezetimibe; Fondaparinux sodium, FR-901228, FTY-720; Gefitinib, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, gepirone hydrochloride; Hexyl insulin M2, human insulin; Imatinib mesylate, insulin detemir, insulin glargine, iodine (I131) tositumomab, ISV-205, ivabradine hydrochloride, ixabepilone; Levetiracetam, levocetirizine, linezolid, liposomal NDDP, lonafarnib, lopinavir, LY-156735; Mafosfamide cyclohexylamine salt, magnesium sulfate, maxacalcitol, meclinertant, melagatran, melatonin, MENT, mepolizumab, micafungin sodium, midostaurin, motexafin gadolinium; Nesiritide, NS-1209, NSC-601316, NSC-683864; Osanetant; Palonosetron hydrochloride, parecoxib sodium, pegaptanib sodium, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, pegylated OB protein, pemetrexed disodium, perillyl alcohol, picoplatin, pimecrolimus, pixantrone maleate, plevitrexed, polyglutamate paclitaxel, posurdex, pramlintide acetate, prasterone, pregabalin; Rasburicase, rimonabant hydrochloride, rostaporfin, rosuvastatin calcium; SDZ-SID-791, sibrotuzumab, sorafenib, SU-11248; Tadalafil, targinine, tegaserod maleate, telithromycin, TheraCIM, tigecycline, tiotropium bromide, tipifarnib, tirapazamine, treprostinil sodium; Valdecoxib, Valganciclovir hydrochloride, Vardenafil hydrochloride hydrate; Ximelagatran; Zofenopril calcium, Zoledronic acid monohydrate. |
| 56 | 15349141 | This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: ABI-007, Ad.Egr.TNF.11D, adefovir dipivoxil, AdPEDF.11, AES-14, albumex, alefacept, alemtuzumab, aliskiren fumarate, alvimopan hydrate, aAminolevulinic acid hydrochloride, aminolevulinic acid methyl ester, anakinra, anti-IL-12 MAb, aprepitant, atazanavir sulfate, atrasentan, avanafil; Banoxantrone, BG-12, bimatoprost, bortezomib, bosentan; Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate, caspofungin acetate, CBT-1, ciclesonide, clofarabine, conivaptan hydrochloride, CpG-7909, C-Vax, Cypher; DA-8159, DAC:GLP-1, darbepoetin alfa, darifenacin, duloxetine hydrochloride; Eculizumab, efalizumab, efaproxiral sodium, EGF vaccine, eletriptan, epratuzumab, erlotinib hydrochloride, escitalopram oxalate, ETC-642, etoricoxib, everolimus, exenatide; Gefitinib, IV gamma-globulin; Human insulin, gamma-hydroxybutyrate sodium; IDN-6556, iguratimod, imatinib mesylate, indiplon, ixabepilone; Laquinimod, LB-80380, lidocaine/prilocaineliraglutide, lopinavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, lucinactant; MAb-14.18, melatonin, MLN-591-DM1; NC-531, neridronic acid, nesiritide, neutrophil-inhibitory factor, niacin/lovastatin; Oblimersen sodium, olcegepant, oral Insulin, ORV-105; Palonosetron hydrochloride, PAmAb, pegaptanib sodium, peginterferon alfa-2a, pegvisomant, perifosine, pexelizumab, phenoxodiol, phenserine tartrate, pimecrolimus, pramlintide acetate, pregabalin, PRO-542, prostate cancer vaccine, PT-141; Ramelteon, rasagiline mesilate, rDNA insulin, reslizumab, rh-Lactoferrin, ribamidine hydrochloride, rosuvastatin calcium; S-8184l, SC-1, sorafenib, St. |
| 57 | 15687705 | Hyperplasia and neoplasia are thus a likely consequence of alterations in their number and type, or the number and function of their receptors. p185neu, a member of the epidermal growth factor family, is coded by the ErbB-2 oncogene. |
| 58 | 15820753 | Three MSP-10 protein High Activity Binding Peptides (HABPs) were identified, whose binding to erythrocytes became saturable and sensitive on being treated with neuraminidase, trypsin and chymotrypsin. |
| 59 | 15820753 | In addition to above results, the high homology in amino-acid sequence and superimposition of both MSP-10, MSP-8 and MSP-1 EGF-like domains and HABPs 31132, 26373 and 5501 suggest that tridimensional structure could be playing an important role in the invasion process and in designing synthetic multi-stage anti-malarial vaccines. |
| 60 | 16248802 | We summarise and discuss vaccination strategies with tumour-specific proteins or peptides, pulsed dendritic cells, and modified tumour cells as well as antibody-based therapeutic concepts to target HER-2/neu, EGF receptor, MUC-1, uPA/uPAR, and VEGF. |
| 61 | 16328386 | Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) is a potent ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). |
| 62 | 16328386 | EGFR is frequently over-expressed in epithelial tumors and endogenous ligands, mostly TGFalpha, are frequently co-expressed with EGFR, potentially resulting in autocrine stimulation of tumor cell growth. |
| 63 | 16328386 | Therefore, different therapeutic approaches aim for the inactivation of TGFalpha/EGF/EGFR signaling system, but no approach is based on TGFalpha as a target. |
| 64 | 16328386 | The principal goal of this work was to assess the potential of an active specific immunotherapy approach to block the TGFalpha/EGFR autocrine loop. |
| 65 | 16328386 | They inhibited the binding of (125)I-TGFalpha to the EGFR, EGFR-autophosphorylation, and downstream activation of MAP kinases as well as proliferation of two EGFR-expressing human carcinoma cell lines. |
| 66 | 16754857 | We further demonstrate that a combination of DNA vaccines encoding Amot and the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the human EGF receptor 2 (Her-2)/neu oncogene inhibited breast cancer progression and impaired tumor vascularization in Her-2/neu transgenic mice. |
| 67 | 16826166 | Ganglioside GM3 promotes carcinoma cell proliferation via urokinase plasminogen activator-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase-independent p70S6 kinase signaling. |
| 68 | 16826166 | Overexpression of NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4Glcbeta1-Cer (GM3), a major ganglioside of cutaneous tumor cell membranes, inhibits ligand-dependent and ligand-independent activation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in normal and neoplastic epithelial cells. |
| 69 | 16826166 | This leads to the suppression of Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and, in the presence of EGF or fibronectin, inhibits cell proliferation. |
| 70 | 16826166 | We report that in the presence of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), overexpression of GM3 paradoxically increases the proliferation of carcinoma cells by augmenting ERK-independent p70S6 kinase activation. |
| 71 | 16826166 | Functional blockade of uPA receptor (uPAR) or inhibition of p70S6 kinase, but not inhibition of Ras/ERK signaling, suppresses this GM3-induced stimulation of cell proliferation. |
| 72 | 16826166 | The ERK-independent activation of p70S6 kinase involves phosphorylation at threonine-389, threonine-421/serine-424, and serine-411 sites with intermediate phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and protein kinase C-zeta activation. |
| 73 | 16826166 | These studies implicate gangliosides as enhancers of uPAR-related signaling and suggest that the response to GM3 depends on the local concentration of uPA. |
| 74 | 16826166 | Therapeutic modalities that target or supplement gangliosides may require concomitant treatment that suppresses EGFR or uPAR signaling, respectively, to control neoplastic cell proliferation. |
| 75 | 16826166 | Ganglioside GM3 promotes carcinoma cell proliferation via urokinase plasminogen activator-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase-independent p70S6 kinase signaling. |
| 76 | 16826166 | Overexpression of NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4Glcbeta1-Cer (GM3), a major ganglioside of cutaneous tumor cell membranes, inhibits ligand-dependent and ligand-independent activation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in normal and neoplastic epithelial cells. |
| 77 | 16826166 | This leads to the suppression of Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and, in the presence of EGF or fibronectin, inhibits cell proliferation. |
| 78 | 16826166 | We report that in the presence of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), overexpression of GM3 paradoxically increases the proliferation of carcinoma cells by augmenting ERK-independent p70S6 kinase activation. |
| 79 | 16826166 | Functional blockade of uPA receptor (uPAR) or inhibition of p70S6 kinase, but not inhibition of Ras/ERK signaling, suppresses this GM3-induced stimulation of cell proliferation. |
| 80 | 16826166 | The ERK-independent activation of p70S6 kinase involves phosphorylation at threonine-389, threonine-421/serine-424, and serine-411 sites with intermediate phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and protein kinase C-zeta activation. |
| 81 | 16826166 | These studies implicate gangliosides as enhancers of uPAR-related signaling and suggest that the response to GM3 depends on the local concentration of uPA. |
| 82 | 16826166 | Therapeutic modalities that target or supplement gangliosides may require concomitant treatment that suppresses EGFR or uPAR signaling, respectively, to control neoplastic cell proliferation. |
| 83 | 17142759 | Our findings indicate that three members of the SR family (lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1; fasciclin, epidermal growth factor-like, laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like, and link domain-containing scavenger receptor-1; and SR expressed by endothelial cells-1) are able to bind Hsp70-peptide complexes and mediate its efficient internalization. |
| 84 | 17142759 | Curiously, Hsp70 internalization occurs independently of the intracellular domains of the SR, and Hsp70 uptake could be detected when the entire intracellular domain of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 or SR expressed by endothelial cells-1 was truncated. |
| 85 | 17170297 | We show that T helper 2 cells (T(H)2), but not other T cell subsets, express amphiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. |
| 86 | 17170297 | EGF receptor ligands directly induce epithelial cell proliferation, and lack of amphiregulin delayed expulsion of the nematode Trichuris muris. |
| 87 | 17170297 | We show that T helper 2 cells (T(H)2), but not other T cell subsets, express amphiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. |
| 88 | 17170297 | EGF receptor ligands directly induce epithelial cell proliferation, and lack of amphiregulin delayed expulsion of the nematode Trichuris muris. |
| 89 | 17302189 | Approximately 10% of ovarian cancers are familial and relate to mutations of BRCA1, BRCA2, and mismatch repair genes. |
| 90 | 17302189 | Recent candidates include: HE4, mesothelin, M-CSF, osteopontin, kallikrein(s) and soluble EGF receptor. |
| 91 | 17472413 | INGN 201: Ad-p53, Ad5CMV-p53, adenoviral p53, p53 gene therapy--introgen, RPR/INGN 201. |
| 92 | 17472413 | Intratumoral injection of RPR/INGN 201 in patients with recurrent glioblastomas was safe and resulted in expression of the p53 protein. |
| 93 | 17472413 | Based on these interim findings, Introgen has decided to continue making the therapy available through a compassionate use programme to eligible LFS patients who have relapsed after standard treatment as part of physician-sponsored protocols at qualifying institutions in the US.A worldwide, exclusive license to a family of US patents covering a combination therapy comprised of INGN 201 in combination with several inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFr) such as Erbituxtrade mark Vectibixtrade mark and Tarcevatrade mark was granted to Introgen by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in November 2006. |
| 94 | 17504120 | Clinical trials have been initiated using immunization with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), gastrin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) / gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). |
| 95 | 17557120 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances protection against tumors and infections, but GM-CSF-deficient mice develop inflammatory disease. |
| 96 | 17557120 | Here we show that GM-CSF is required for the expression of milk fat globule EGF 8 (MFG-E8) in antigen-presenting cells, and that MFG-E8-mediated uptake of apoptotic cells is a key determinant of GM-CSF-triggered tolerance and immunity. |
| 97 | 17557120 | Upon exposure to apoptotic cells, GM-CSF-deficient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) produce an altered cytokine profile that results in decreased Tregs and increased Th1 cells, whereas concurrent ablation of IFN-gamma promotes Th17 cells. |
| 98 | 17557120 | In wild-type mice, MFG-E8 attenuates the vaccination activity of GM-CSF-secreting tumor cells through Treg induction, whereas a dominant-negative MFG-E8 mutant potentiates GM-CSF-stimulated tumor destruction through Treg inhibition. |
| 99 | 18214475 | Many molecules have been demonstrated as positive regulators of angiogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and others. |
| 100 | 18245547 | Effective inhibition of the epidermal growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor binding by anti-epidermal growth factor antibodies is related to better survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with the epidermal growth factor cancer vaccine. |
| 101 | 18281500 | We have artificially addressed the antigen to secreted vesicles by coupling it to the factor VIII-like C1C2 domain of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-factor VIII (MFG-E8)/lactadherin. |
| 102 | 18364009 | Enhancing the clinical activity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting tumor cell vaccines. |
| 103 | 18364009 | A comparative analysis of vaccination with irradiated, murine tumor cells engineered to express a large number of immunostimulatory molecules established the superior ability of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to evoke potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. |
| 104 | 18364009 | These include milk fat globule epidermal growth factor protein-8 expansion of forkhead box protein 3+ regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4-mediated negative costimulation, and soluble major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A suppression of NKG2D-dependent innate and adaptive anti-tumor cytotoxicity. |
| 105 | 19057932 | A very large C-loop in EGF domain IV is characteristic of the P28 family of ookinete surface proteins. |
| 106 | 19057932 | Together with P25 proteins, P28 proteins protect the parasite from the harsh proteolytic environment prevailing inside the mosquito midgut. |
| 107 | 19057932 | The purpose of this study was to structurally characterise six members of the P28 family of ookinete surface proteins with the help of homology modelling, to compare these proteins in terms of transmission blocking and host parasite interactions, and to analyse phylogenetic relationships within the P28 family and with the P25 family. |
| 108 | 19057932 | Our results indicate that all the members of the P28 family studied have four EGF domains arranged in triangular fashion with a very big C loop present in EGF domain IV, which could serve as a diagnostic feature of the P28 family as this loop is absent in the P25 family of ookinete surface proteins. |
| 109 | 19057932 | A very large C-loop in EGF domain IV is characteristic of the P28 family of ookinete surface proteins. |
| 110 | 19057932 | Together with P25 proteins, P28 proteins protect the parasite from the harsh proteolytic environment prevailing inside the mosquito midgut. |
| 111 | 19057932 | The purpose of this study was to structurally characterise six members of the P28 family of ookinete surface proteins with the help of homology modelling, to compare these proteins in terms of transmission blocking and host parasite interactions, and to analyse phylogenetic relationships within the P28 family and with the P25 family. |
| 112 | 19057932 | Our results indicate that all the members of the P28 family studied have four EGF domains arranged in triangular fashion with a very big C loop present in EGF domain IV, which could serve as a diagnostic feature of the P28 family as this loop is absent in the P25 family of ookinete surface proteins. |
| 113 | 19246985 | Generated antibodies following non-emulsive formulation immunization recognized membrane EGFR; avoid EGF and TGFalpha coupling to EGFR leading to a marked abrogation of EGFR phosphorylation levels. |
| 114 | 19307998 | High percentages of EGF/EGF receptor binding inhibition were observed, which significantly positively correlated with the increased antibody response against the EGF immunodominant region. |
| 115 | 19428907 | Further analysis of protection induced by the MIC3 DNA vaccine against T. gondii: CD4 and CD8 T cells are the major effectors of the MIC3 DNA vaccine-induced protection, both Lectin-like and EGF-like domains of MIC3 conferred protection. |
| 116 | 19428907 | We performed the adoptive transfer of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes from pMIC3i immunized mice to naive ones and the role of humoral immunity was evaluated by in vitro invasion assays. |
| 117 | 19428907 | Furthermore, the adjuvant effect of the GM-CSF-expressing vector (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) required the precise temporal and spatial codelivery of GM-CSF with antigen, thus, we constructed a bicistronic plasmid expressing MIC3 and GM-CSF. |
| 118 | 19428907 | In conclusion, the protection induced by pMIC3i was mainly mediated by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes and both EGF and Lectin domains of MIC3 conferred protection. |
| 119 | 19428907 | Further analysis of protection induced by the MIC3 DNA vaccine against T. gondii: CD4 and CD8 T cells are the major effectors of the MIC3 DNA vaccine-induced protection, both Lectin-like and EGF-like domains of MIC3 conferred protection. |
| 120 | 19428907 | We performed the adoptive transfer of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes from pMIC3i immunized mice to naive ones and the role of humoral immunity was evaluated by in vitro invasion assays. |
| 121 | 19428907 | Furthermore, the adjuvant effect of the GM-CSF-expressing vector (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) required the precise temporal and spatial codelivery of GM-CSF with antigen, thus, we constructed a bicistronic plasmid expressing MIC3 and GM-CSF. |
| 122 | 19428907 | In conclusion, the protection induced by pMIC3i was mainly mediated by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes and both EGF and Lectin domains of MIC3 conferred protection. |
| 123 | 19582431 | To see whether GL261 cells could mimic the growth of human GBM-CSC we let them grow in EGF/bFGF without serum. |
| 124 | 19944969 | Epidermal growth factor variant III (EGFRvIII) is the most common alteration of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor found in human tumors. |
| 125 | 19944969 | EGFRvIII results from an in-frame deletion of exons 2 to 7 resulting in the fusion of exon 1 to exon 8 of the EGF receptor gene creating a novel glycine at the junction in the extracellular amino terminal domain. |
| 126 | 19944969 | Epidermal growth factor variant III (EGFRvIII) is the most common alteration of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor found in human tumors. |
| 127 | 19944969 | EGFRvIII results from an in-frame deletion of exons 2 to 7 resulting in the fusion of exon 1 to exon 8 of the EGF receptor gene creating a novel glycine at the junction in the extracellular amino terminal domain. |
| 128 | 20021303 | The EGF receptor family is a group of receptor tyrosine kinases that have been implicated in the development of a variety of malignancies. |
| 129 | 20021303 | Furthermore, it shows that agents targeting the EGF receptor family can reduce the proliferation of melanoma cells harboring these mutations. |
| 130 | 20021303 | The EGF receptor family is a group of receptor tyrosine kinases that have been implicated in the development of a variety of malignancies. |
| 131 | 20021303 | Furthermore, it shows that agents targeting the EGF receptor family can reduce the proliferation of melanoma cells harboring these mutations. |
| 132 | 20067829 | The desired protein can be a pharmaceutically important polypeptide (e.g. hirudin, insulin and epidermal growth factor), a neutraceutical polypeptide (somatotropin), a commercially important enzyme (e.g. xylanase), a protein important for improvement of crops (e.g. chitinase) or a multimeric protein. |
| 133 | 20190820 | Mutant p53 initiates a feedback loop that involves Egr-1/EGF receptor/ERK in prostate cancer cells. |
| 134 | 20190820 | This study shows that in prostate cell lines in culture, Egr-1 overexpression correlated with an alteration of p53 activity because of the expression of SV40 large T-antigen or because of a mutation in the TP53 gene. |
| 135 | 20190820 | In cells containing altered p53 activity, Egr-1 expression was abolished by pharmacological inhibition or RNAi silencing of p53. |
| 136 | 20190820 | Although forced expression of wild-type p53 was not sufficient to trigger Egr-1 transcription, four different mutants of p53 were shown to induce Egr-1. |
| 137 | 20190820 | Direct binding of p53 to the EGR1 promoter could not be detected. |
| 138 | 20190820 | Instead, Egr-1 transcription was driven by the ERK1/2 pathway, as it was abrogated by specific inhibitors of MEK. |
| 139 | 20190820 | Egr-1 increased the transcription of HB-EGF (epidermal growth factor), amphiregulin and epiregulin, resulting in autocrine activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) and downstream MEK/ERK cascade. |
| 140 | 20190820 | Thus, mutant p53 initiates a feedback loop that involves ERK1/2-mediated transactivation of Egr-1, which in turn increases the secretion of EGFR ligands and stimulates the EGFR signaling pathway. |
| 141 | 20190820 | Finally, p53 may further regulate this feedback loop by altering the level of EGFR expression. |
| 142 | 20190820 | Mutant p53 initiates a feedback loop that involves Egr-1/EGF receptor/ERK in prostate cancer cells. |
| 143 | 20190820 | This study shows that in prostate cell lines in culture, Egr-1 overexpression correlated with an alteration of p53 activity because of the expression of SV40 large T-antigen or because of a mutation in the TP53 gene. |
| 144 | 20190820 | In cells containing altered p53 activity, Egr-1 expression was abolished by pharmacological inhibition or RNAi silencing of p53. |
| 145 | 20190820 | Although forced expression of wild-type p53 was not sufficient to trigger Egr-1 transcription, four different mutants of p53 were shown to induce Egr-1. |
| 146 | 20190820 | Direct binding of p53 to the EGR1 promoter could not be detected. |
| 147 | 20190820 | Instead, Egr-1 transcription was driven by the ERK1/2 pathway, as it was abrogated by specific inhibitors of MEK. |
| 148 | 20190820 | Egr-1 increased the transcription of HB-EGF (epidermal growth factor), amphiregulin and epiregulin, resulting in autocrine activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) and downstream MEK/ERK cascade. |
| 149 | 20190820 | Thus, mutant p53 initiates a feedback loop that involves ERK1/2-mediated transactivation of Egr-1, which in turn increases the secretion of EGFR ligands and stimulates the EGFR signaling pathway. |
| 150 | 20190820 | Finally, p53 may further regulate this feedback loop by altering the level of EGFR expression. |
| 151 | 20518349 | Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands (EGF and TGFalpha) are over-expressed in a variety of tumors. |
| 152 | 20518349 | Immunization EGF-carrier protein inhibits tumor growth through abrogating binding of EGF to EGFR. |
| 153 | 20518349 | Here, a chimeric protein of EGF and TGFalpha (E5T) was genetically fused to Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), a bacterial superantigenic protein which promotes humoral B cell response through enhancement of Ag-specific CD4 T cells activity. |
| 154 | 20518349 | Immunization of E5T-mSEA fusion protein in mice induced production of high titers antibodies, which recognize both EGF and TGFalpha. |
| 155 | 20518349 | Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands (EGF and TGFalpha) are over-expressed in a variety of tumors. |
| 156 | 20518349 | Immunization EGF-carrier protein inhibits tumor growth through abrogating binding of EGF to EGFR. |
| 157 | 20518349 | Here, a chimeric protein of EGF and TGFalpha (E5T) was genetically fused to Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), a bacterial superantigenic protein which promotes humoral B cell response through enhancement of Ag-specific CD4 T cells activity. |
| 158 | 20518349 | Immunization of E5T-mSEA fusion protein in mice induced production of high titers antibodies, which recognize both EGF and TGFalpha. |
| 159 | 20518349 | Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands (EGF and TGFalpha) are over-expressed in a variety of tumors. |
| 160 | 20518349 | Immunization EGF-carrier protein inhibits tumor growth through abrogating binding of EGF to EGFR. |
| 161 | 20518349 | Here, a chimeric protein of EGF and TGFalpha (E5T) was genetically fused to Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), a bacterial superantigenic protein which promotes humoral B cell response through enhancement of Ag-specific CD4 T cells activity. |
| 162 | 20518349 | Immunization of E5T-mSEA fusion protein in mice induced production of high titers antibodies, which recognize both EGF and TGFalpha. |
| 163 | 20518349 | Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands (EGF and TGFalpha) are over-expressed in a variety of tumors. |
| 164 | 20518349 | Immunization EGF-carrier protein inhibits tumor growth through abrogating binding of EGF to EGFR. |
| 165 | 20518349 | Here, a chimeric protein of EGF and TGFalpha (E5T) was genetically fused to Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), a bacterial superantigenic protein which promotes humoral B cell response through enhancement of Ag-specific CD4 T cells activity. |
| 166 | 20518349 | Immunization of E5T-mSEA fusion protein in mice induced production of high titers antibodies, which recognize both EGF and TGFalpha. |
| 167 | 20716221 | Elevation of serum epidermal growth factor and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in active psoriasis vulgaris. |
| 168 | 20817012 | Surprisingly, this immunomodulatory property of modulin-derived peptides was TLR2 independent and partially dependent upon the EGF-receptor signalling pathway. |
| 169 | 22156658 | In NSCLC, ongoing phase III trials are investigating this approach in different treatment settings: the Melanoma AntiGEn A3 vaccine in resected early-stage NSCLC, the L-BLP25 vaccine in locally advanced NSCLC after chemoradiotherapy, and belagenpumatucel-L, the epidermal growth factor and the TG4010 vaccine in advanced stage, either as an adjunct to chemotherapy or as maintenance after completion of chemotherapy. |
| 170 | 22342917 | Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) like Panitumumab binding and blocking the EGF-receptor are in routine clinical use for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). |
| 171 | 22720031 | We showed previously that the epidermal growth factor family member Amphiregulin is expressed by T cell receptor-activated mouse CD4 T cells, particularly Th2 cells, and helps eliminate helminth infection. |
| 172 | 22720031 | Signaling through the T cell receptor induced Amphiregulin expression by most or all T cell subsets in human peripheral blood, including naive and memory CD4 and CD8 T cells, Th1 and Th2 in vitro T cell lines, and subsets of memory CD4 T cells expressing several different chemokine receptors and cytokines. |
| 173 | 22720031 | In these different T cell types, Amphiregulin synthesis was inhibited by an antagonist of protein kinase A, a downstream component of the cAMP signaling pathway, and enhanced by ligands that increased cAMP or directly activated protein kinase A. |
| 174 | 22720031 | Prostaglandin E2 and adenosine, natural ligands that stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, also enhanced Amphiregulin synthesis while reducing synthesis of most other cytokines. |
| 175 | 23323149 | Preclinical models have shown that immunotherapy and targeted therapies like vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor inhibitors work synergistically. |
| 176 | 23401435 | Blocking inhibitory pathways via monoclonal antibodies, such as the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody (ipilimumab), anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody (BMS-936558), and anti-programmed cell death-1 ligand antibody (BMS-936559), has the ability to break down the shield that tumors co-opt for their defense. |
| 177 | 23401435 | Newer vaccines, particularly the tumor cell vaccine, belagenpumatucel-L, and the antigen-specific vaccines, melanoma-associated antigen-A3, liposomal BLP-25, TG4010, and recombinant human epidermal growth factor, are being evaluated in some of the largest trials ever attempted in lung cancer therapy. |
| 178 | 23698748 | We designed three peptides based on the contact sites between EGF and EGFR. |
| 179 | 23877363 | EGFRvIII is a truncated extracellular mutant of the EGF receptor (EGFR) found in about a third of GBMs. |
| 180 | 24793154 | The increased proportion of T regs and high expression of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 on lung cancer cells and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes were observed. |
| 181 | 24793154 | Other components of immune response inhibition and tumour promotion are: Th17 cell population, M2 macrophage polarisation, the presence of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and a significantly elevated concentration of cytokines: TGF-b and IL-10 in the tumour microenvironment. |
| 182 | 24793154 | Lung cancer immunotherapy has two main directions: the first goal is to improve the cytotoxic effect (for example by inhibition of CTLA-4, stimulation of dendritic cell function, inhibition of lymphocyte apoptosis), and the second way is the production of anti-cancer vaccines using known cancer antigens: MAGE A3, MUC1, EGF and TGF-b. |
| 183 | 25062832 | Since antibodies against that epitope should block its interactions with cellular receptor (heparin-binding epidermal growth factor), the SF23 peptide can be considered as a promising candidate for synthetic vaccine development. |
| 184 | 25183305 | Currently, there is a progressive implementation of targeted therapies based on specific molecular characteristics such as the EGF receptor sensitizing mutations and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements. |
| 185 | 25183305 | A new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for EGF receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase targeting acquired resistance mechanisms have been recently investigated. |
| 186 | 25183305 | Several promising tyrosine kinase inhibitors that hit other targets are also in clinical development, including: rat sarcoma gene/MEK, BRAF1, PIK3A, c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition, c-ros oncogene 1, rearranged during transfection, human EGFR 2, FGFR, VEGFR, PDGFR and discoidin death receptor 2. |
| 187 | 25183305 | Currently, there is a progressive implementation of targeted therapies based on specific molecular characteristics such as the EGF receptor sensitizing mutations and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements. |
| 188 | 25183305 | A new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for EGF receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase targeting acquired resistance mechanisms have been recently investigated. |
| 189 | 25183305 | Several promising tyrosine kinase inhibitors that hit other targets are also in clinical development, including: rat sarcoma gene/MEK, BRAF1, PIK3A, c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition, c-ros oncogene 1, rearranged during transfection, human EGFR 2, FGFR, VEGFR, PDGFR and discoidin death receptor 2. |
| 190 | 25186601 | Rindopepimut consists of a 14-mer peptide that spans the length of EGF receptor variant III, a mutant variant of EGF receptor found on approximately 30% of primary GBM, conjugated to the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin. |
| 191 | 25186601 | Vaccination with rindopepimut has been shown to specifically eliminate cells expressing EGF receptor variant III. |
| 192 | 25186601 | Phase II clinical trials have suggested that vaccination of newly diagnosed GBM patients with rindopepimut plus adjuvant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor results in prolonged progression-free and overall survival with minimal toxicity. |
| 193 | 25186601 | Rindopepimut consists of a 14-mer peptide that spans the length of EGF receptor variant III, a mutant variant of EGF receptor found on approximately 30% of primary GBM, conjugated to the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin. |
| 194 | 25186601 | Vaccination with rindopepimut has been shown to specifically eliminate cells expressing EGF receptor variant III. |
| 195 | 25186601 | Phase II clinical trials have suggested that vaccination of newly diagnosed GBM patients with rindopepimut plus adjuvant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor results in prolonged progression-free and overall survival with minimal toxicity. |
| 196 | 25201410 | CRM197 is a naturally nontoxic diphtheria toxin mutant that binds and inhibits heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor. |
| 197 | 25201410 | Activation of cleaved caspase-3, 8, and 9, activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9), and expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were also checked. |
| 198 | 25201410 | The activation of cleaved caspase-3, 8, 9 was promoted, activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and expression of p-Akt were inhibited significantly by the treatment of CRM197 and shRNA-VCAM-1 alone or in combination, indicating that the combination of CRM197 with shRNA-VCAM-1 additively inhibited the malignant behavior of human glioblastoma cells via activating caspase-3, 8, 9 as well as inhibiting MMP-2, MMP-9, and Akt pathway. |
| 199 | 25522971 | Moreover, under mitogenic stimuli (EGF and hFGF-2), most cells in this 3D culture retained their NSC phenotype. |
| 200 | 25706719 | Interestingly, KWV enhanced neuronal differentiation and decreased NSC proliferation even in the presence of mitogens such as epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2. |
| 201 | 25706719 | KWV treatment of NSCs reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, increased mRNA expression levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, down-regulated Notch/Hairy expression levels and up-regulated microRNA miR-9, miR-29a and miR-181a. |
| 202 | 25865255 | The rat ErbB2 tyrosine kinase receptor produced in plants is immunogenic in mice and confers protective immunity against ErbB2(+) mammary cancer. |
| 203 | 25865255 | The rat ErbB2 (rErbB2) protein is a 185-kDa glycoprotein belonging to the epidermal growth factor-related proteins (ErbB) of receptor tyrosine kinases. |
| 204 | 25870800 | It is accomplished by M2 macrophage polarization, the activity of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and a significantly elevated concentration of cytokines: transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and IL-10 in the tumor microenvironment. |
| 205 | 25870800 | Very active suppression of immune protection is the predominant role of the programmed death 1 (PD-1)-PD-L1 pathway. |
| 206 | 25870800 | Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is the molecule capable of inhibiting the activation signal. |
| 207 | 25870800 | The second way in lung cancer immunotherapy is production of anti-cancer vaccines using recognized cancer antigens: MAGE-A3, membrane associated glycoprotein (MUC-1), and EGF. |
| 208 | 25892508 | Comparison for sera biomarkers between narcolepsy (n = 84, 54 males, median age: 15.5 years old) and healthy controls (n = 41, 13 males, median age: 20 years old) revealed an increased stimulation of the immune system with high release of several pro- and anti-inflammatory serum cytokines and growth factors with interferon-γ, CCL11, epidermal growth factor, and interleukin-2 receptor being independently associated with narcolepsy. |
| 209 | 25892508 | Comparison for sera biomarkers between patients with narcolepsy who developed the disease post-pandemic flu vaccination (n = 36) to those without vaccination (n = 48) revealed an increased stimulation of the immune system with high release of three cytokines, regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted, CXCL10, and CXCL9, being independently and significantly increased in the group exposed to the vaccine. |
| 210 | 25987009 | Based on in-depth reviews of serological diagnosis of HCC, in addition to AFP, there are other biomarkers: Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), des- carboxyprothrombin (DCP), tyrosine kinase with Ig and eprdermal growth factor (EGF) homology domains 2 (TIE2)-espressing monocytes (TEMs), glypican-3 (GPC3), Golgi protein 73 (GP73), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) have been proposed as biomarkers for the early detection of HCC. |
| 211 | 26011014 | Among the products are tumour-directed monoclonal antibodies with enhanced antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), complement factor H (FH), keratinocyte growth factor (FGF7/KGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), asialo-erythropoietin (asialo-EPO, AEPO), alpha-galactosidase (aGal) and beta-glucocerebrosidase (GBA). |