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Gene Information
Gene symbol: ERVWE1
Gene name: endogenous retroviral family W, env(C7), member 1 (syncytin)
HGNC ID: 13525
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 1316682 | Truncated and full-length versions of the hepatitis C virus protein domain encoding a presumptive envelope glycoprotein designated E2/NS1 were stably expressed in CHO cell lines. |
| 2 | 1351088 | Production of transmembrane and secreted forms of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by HIV-1-specific CD4+ cytolytic T lymphocyte clones. |
| 3 | 1351088 | Candidate AIDS vaccines consisting of recombinant forms of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein induce, in seronegative human volunteers, an env-specific T cell response that includes CD4+, MHC class II-restricted CTL capable of lysing HIV-1-infected target cells. |
| 4 | 1351088 | In this study, we have analyzed the production of the cytokines TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin (LT) by a set of env-specific CD4+ human CTL clones. |
| 5 | 1351088 | TNF-alpha and LT are of interest because of their potential role in target cell destruction by CD4+ CTL. |
| 6 | 1351088 | We found that, upon interaction with target cells expressing env epitopes in the context of the appropriate MHC class II molecules, CD4+ CTL released TNF-alpha with kinetics that were rapid, compared with other cytokines, and that were generally similar to the kinetics of target cell destruction. |
| 7 | 1351088 | A novel flow cytometric assay was used to show that physiologic activation of CD4+ CTL with target APC induced expression by the CTL of cell surface forms of TNF-alpha. |
| 8 | 1351088 | For a subset of CD4+ CTL, we found that treatment of CTL with cyclosporin A inhibited Ag-induced production of both transmembrane and secreted forms of TNF-alpha but had no effect on cytolysis. |
| 9 | 1351088 | Thus, although transmembrane and secreted TNF-alpha produced by HIV-1-specific CD4+ CTL may have important effects in vivo, the rapid destruction of target APC by the set of CD4+ CTL clones described here occurs through a TNF-alpha-independent mechanism. |
| 10 | 1360328 | The synthetic peptide elicited a strong antibody response to the HTLV-I envelope protein gp46; however, these antibodies failed to inhibit HTLV-I-mediated cell fusion. |
| 11 | 1372650 | Identification of overlapping HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T cell epitopes in a conserved region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein: definition of minimum epitopes and analysis of the effects of sequence variation. |
| 12 | 1383339 | Heterogeneity in the recognition of the simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein by CD4+ T cell clones from immunized macaques. |
| 13 | 1469368 | Only six of the nucleotide differences resulted in amino acid substitutions: one change in each of non-structural proteins nsP1 and nsP3, two in the E2 envelope glycoprotein, one in the 6K polypeptide and one in the E1 envelope glycoprotein. |
| 14 | 1588493 | Cooperativity of neutralizing antibodies directed against the V3 and CD4 binding regions of the human immunodeficiency virus gp120 envelope glycoprotein. |
| 15 | 1588493 | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection elicits neutralizing antibodies directed against two discrete regions of the gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein: the third variable (V3) loop and the CD4 binding region. |
| 16 | 1588493 | Cooperativity of neutralizing antibodies directed against the V3 and CD4 binding regions of the human immunodeficiency virus gp120 envelope glycoprotein. |
| 17 | 1588493 | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection elicits neutralizing antibodies directed against two discrete regions of the gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein: the third variable (V3) loop and the CD4 binding region. |
| 18 | 1689366 | We have observed that a peptide corresponding to an immunodominant epitope of the HIV-1 envelope protein recognized by class I MHC-restricted CD8+ CTL can also induce T cell help for itself. |
| 19 | 1689366 | The help is necessary for restimulation of CTL precursors in vitro with peptide alone in the absence of exogenous lymphokines, can be removed by depletion of CD4+ T cells, and can be replaced by exogenous IL-2. |
| 20 | 1689366 | Spleen cells of immune B10.A mice behave like CD4-depleted BALB/c spleen cells in that they cannot be restimulated in vitro by the peptide alone, but can with peptide plus IL-2. |
| 21 | 1690832 | HIV envelope glycoprotein, antigen specific T-cell responses, and soluble CD4. |
| 22 | 1691226 | Analysis of the site in CD4 that binds to the HIV envelope glycoprotein. |
| 23 | 1691226 | The first step in infection of human mononuclear cells with HIV involves the high affinity binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to the cell-surface receptor, CD4. |
| 24 | 1691226 | Analysis of the site in CD4 that binds to the HIV envelope glycoprotein. |
| 25 | 1691226 | The first step in infection of human mononuclear cells with HIV involves the high affinity binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to the cell-surface receptor, CD4. |
| 26 | 1715718 | As a first step towards this goal we have identified potential T-cell epitopes, without B-cell activity against the native protein, from the first and second conserved sequences, and from three functionally important regions of the HIV-1 envelope protein gp160. |
| 27 | 1715718 | None of these seven peptides produced antibodies that could recognize the envelope protein gp160. |
| 28 | 1715718 | As a first step towards this goal we have identified potential T-cell epitopes, without B-cell activity against the native protein, from the first and second conserved sequences, and from three functionally important regions of the HIV-1 envelope protein gp160. |
| 29 | 1715718 | None of these seven peptides produced antibodies that could recognize the envelope protein gp160. |
| 30 | 1723735 | The outer envelope glycoprotein gp51 and the core protein p24 of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), were purified from culture media of FLK-BLV cells by a single-step procedure, using immunoaffinity chromatography based on monoclonal antibodies to the respective proteins. |
| 31 | 1723735 | The p24 antigen is therefore useful for discriminating between BLV-infected animals and those immunized with a gp51 subunit vaccine. |
| 32 | 1742947 | Induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells by immunization with purified HIV-1 envelope protein in ISCOMs. |
| 33 | 1846505 | These findings suggest that the mature NS1/E2 polypeptide starts about amino acid 380 and that the NS1/E2 domain may correspond to a second envelope glycoprotein as in the case of the pestivirus. |
| 34 | 1862103 | Sequences of the principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of the external envelope protein, gp120, from 245 isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are analyzed. |
| 35 | 1925584 | A titer for homologous viral neutralization activity (greater than 1:19,683) was observed after a 3.5-year immunization period with an octameric, branching peptide representing the principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of the human immunodeficiency virus-1IIIB envelope protein. |
| 36 | 1975193 | A proposal for immunotherapy of HIV seropositive healthy individuals using an HIV envelope protein devoid of CD4 binding activity. |
| 37 | 1993354 | An investigation was undertaken to determine whether a recombinant gp160 envelope protein, which is currently being evaluated as a vaccine for AIDS, induces or modulates the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). |
| 38 | 1993354 | Incubation of monocytes from healthy, HIV-seronegative persons with 0.0001-1.0 micrograms of the recombinant vaccine did not result in the secretion of TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta, nor did the recombinant product augment or suppress monokine production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated monocytes. |
| 39 | 1993354 | The vaccine was also without a stimulatory or modulatory effect upon TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta secretion by monocytes from a patient with the AIDS-related complex (ARC) and from the monocytic THP-1 cell line. |
| 40 | 2144016 | The region of the 17D yellow fever virus (YFV) genome encoding the C terminus of envelope glycoprotein and extending to the N terminus of non-structural protein NS3 (NS1-NS2a-NS2b; nucleotides 2030 to 4940) was expressed in vaccinia virus and physical and immunogenic properties of the NS1 moiety were studied. |
| 41 | 2184369 | Induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells by immunization with purified HIV-1 envelope protein in ISCOMs. |
| 42 | 2184369 | However, although most non-living intact protein preparations induce antibodies and CD4+ major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted helper and/or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), they do not elicit CD8+ MHC class I restricted CTL. |
| 43 | 2184369 | We show here that a single subcutaneous immunization in mice with immunostimulating complexes containing either purified intact gp160 envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 or influenza haemagglutinin results in reproducible and long-lasting priming of HIV specific or influenza-specific CD8+, MHC class I restricted CTL. |
| 44 | 2184369 | Induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells by immunization with purified HIV-1 envelope protein in ISCOMs. |
| 45 | 2184369 | However, although most non-living intact protein preparations induce antibodies and CD4+ major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted helper and/or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), they do not elicit CD8+ MHC class I restricted CTL. |
| 46 | 2184369 | We show here that a single subcutaneous immunization in mice with immunostimulating complexes containing either purified intact gp160 envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 or influenza haemagglutinin results in reproducible and long-lasting priming of HIV specific or influenza-specific CD8+, MHC class I restricted CTL. |
| 47 | 2191918 | The infectivity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is related to the structure of its envelope protein, gp160, which is responsible for viral entry. |
| 48 | 2191918 | We considered the possibility that a structural homology between gp160 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules might be associated with the extraordinary affinity that gp120 has for its receptor, CD4. |
| 49 | 2339113 | The N-terminal region of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 contains potential binding sites for CD4. |
| 50 | 2422192 | Pre-S gene coded domains of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope protein are highly immunogenic in experimental animals and humans. |
| 51 | 2434662 | Visna virus undergoes antigenic drift during persistent infection in sheep and thus eludes neutralizing antibodies directed against its major envelope glycoprotein, gp135. |
| 52 | 2434662 | To localize the changes in the viral proteins of antigenic mutants, we isolated 35 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the envelope glycoprotein gp135 or the major core protein p27 of visna virus. |
| 53 | 2434662 | Visna virus undergoes antigenic drift during persistent infection in sheep and thus eludes neutralizing antibodies directed against its major envelope glycoprotein, gp135. |
| 54 | 2434662 | To localize the changes in the viral proteins of antigenic mutants, we isolated 35 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the envelope glycoprotein gp135 or the major core protein p27 of visna virus. |
| 55 | 2450351 | A synthetic peptide (SP-10-IIIB) with an amino acid sequence [Cys-Thr-Arg-Pro-Asn-Asn-Asn-Thr-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ile-Arg-Ile-Gln-Arg-Gly-Pro -Pro-Gly-(Tyr); amino acids 303-321] from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolate human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) HTLV-IIIB envelope glycoprotein gp120 was coupled to tetanus toxoid and used to raise goat antibodies to HIV gp120. |
| 56 | 2452443 | The facts that CTL responses were detected in the context of only one of four class I MHC molecules tested and that the response was limited predominantly to a single epitope indicate that the CTL repertoire elicited by the HIV envelope protein in association with murine class I MHC molecules may be very limited. |
| 57 | 2477490 | A number of recent studies have localized the high affinity binding site of the HIV envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to the NH2-terminal (V1) domain of CD4, a region with sequence and predicted structural homology with Ig kappa chain V domains (V kappa). |
| 58 | 2479705 | In H-2d mice, the immunodominant determinant of the HIV-1-IIIB gp160 envelope glycoprotein recognized by CD8+ CTL is represented by a 15-residue synthetic peptide (315-329: RIQRGPGRAFVTIGK). |
| 59 | 2484961 | Here, we use 44 peptides, including ones predicted and not predicted on the basis of amphipathicity to be potential T cell sites, to locate T cell antigenic determinants recognized by mice of four MHC haplotypes immunized with the whole gp 160 envelope protein. |
| 60 | 2526861 | The membranes of hepatocytes and the pre-S2 envelope protein of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) contain binding sites for polymerized human albumin, which is thought to act as a link between HBV and hepatocytes. |
| 61 | 2537355 | The HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 binds with high affinity to CD4 and is responsible for the tropism of HIV for CD4+ T cells and monocytes. |
| 62 | 2541747 | Antibody capable of immunoprecipitating the glycosylated envelope protein precursor gp160 was detected in all animals within 3 weeks after the primary intradermal vaccination. |
| 63 | 2547820 | The distribution between the phases of two FeLV proteins, the outer envelope protein, gp70, and the gag protein, p27, was determined. |
| 64 | 2677311 | The resulting immunodeficiency syndrome has the characteristics of graft vs. host disease, consistent with chronic allogeneic and semiallogeneic GVHD in mouse-models. since these syndromes are believed to result from triggering the established immunoregulatory mechanisms necessary to maintain self-tolerance, vaccination to prevent AIDS should aim to correct the inability of the HIV host mount an immune response against CD4 binding epitopes on HIV gp120, preferably without exposing the vaccine to intact envelope glycoprotein. |
| 65 | 2789061 | However the conservation of binding of different virus strains to CD4 suggests that the HIV envelope glycoprotein (gp120) should have a conserved site for CD4. |
| 66 | 2789433 | For the IIIB isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the immunodominant determinant of the envelope protein gp160 for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) of H-2d mice is in a region of high sequence variability among HIV-1 isolates. |
| 67 | 2822272 | As the initial step to produce a second-generation vaccine, recombinant DNA technology was utilized to express the JE virus envelope glycoprotein V3 (E) gene in yeast cells.This report describes the construction of a yeast expression vector in which a cDNA clone covering the V3 gene was connected to the acid-phosphatase promoter of a yeast vector plasmid. |
| 68 | 2850890 | Characterization of CD4 glycoprotein determinant-HIV envelope protein interactions: perspectives for analog and vaccine development. |
| 69 | 2850890 | Soluble HIV (HTLV IIIB) envelope protein (gp120) binds native or recombinant CD4 with equal affinity estimated to be 4 to 8 nM kDa. |
| 70 | 2850890 | All human tissue sources of CD4 bind radiolabeled gp120 to the same relative degree; however, the murine homologous protein, L3T4, does not bind the HIV envelope protein. |
| 71 | 2850890 | Peptide T analogs or synthetic cogeners of Neuroleukin proposed to bind the CD4 determinant involved in gp120 binding had no competitive displacement of native gp120 binding as assessed by two independent methods that measure gp120 interaction with CD4. |
| 72 | 2850890 | Characterization of CD4 glycoprotein determinant-HIV envelope protein interactions: perspectives for analog and vaccine development. |
| 73 | 2850890 | Soluble HIV (HTLV IIIB) envelope protein (gp120) binds native or recombinant CD4 with equal affinity estimated to be 4 to 8 nM kDa. |
| 74 | 2850890 | All human tissue sources of CD4 bind radiolabeled gp120 to the same relative degree; however, the murine homologous protein, L3T4, does not bind the HIV envelope protein. |
| 75 | 2850890 | Peptide T analogs or synthetic cogeners of Neuroleukin proposed to bind the CD4 determinant involved in gp120 binding had no competitive displacement of native gp120 binding as assessed by two independent methods that measure gp120 interaction with CD4. |
| 76 | 2850890 | Characterization of CD4 glycoprotein determinant-HIV envelope protein interactions: perspectives for analog and vaccine development. |
| 77 | 2850890 | Soluble HIV (HTLV IIIB) envelope protein (gp120) binds native or recombinant CD4 with equal affinity estimated to be 4 to 8 nM kDa. |
| 78 | 2850890 | All human tissue sources of CD4 bind radiolabeled gp120 to the same relative degree; however, the murine homologous protein, L3T4, does not bind the HIV envelope protein. |
| 79 | 2850890 | Peptide T analogs or synthetic cogeners of Neuroleukin proposed to bind the CD4 determinant involved in gp120 binding had no competitive displacement of native gp120 binding as assessed by two independent methods that measure gp120 interaction with CD4. |
| 80 | 2904885 | In vitro T cell responses to a candidate Epstein-Barr virus vaccine: human CD4+ T cell clones specific for the major envelope glycoprotein gp340. |
| 81 | 2904885 | Limiting dilution culture of the activated T lymphoblasts in interleukin 2-containing medium generated stable CD3+CD4+CD8- T cell clones. |
| 82 | 2969058 | We have constructed a recombinant baculovirus containing a 4.0-kilobase dengue virus cDNA sequence that codes for the three virus structural proteins, capsid (C) protein, premembrane (PreM) protein, and envelope glycoprotein (E), and nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2a. |
| 83 | 3024169 | Sequence homology between acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus envelope protein and interleukin 2. |
| 84 | 3063806 | Selective infectivity and selective cytotoxicity of HIV-1 are primarily the consequences of the properties of the envelope glycoprotein and its interactions with the surface CD4 molecule. |
| 85 | 3141552 | These results indicate that proliferative T cells recognize a limited number of epitopes on F-MuLV envelope protein in the context of I-Ab, hybrid I-Ak/b, and/or hybrid I-Ek/b class II MHC molecules but fail to recognize the same envelope protein in the context of I-Ak or I-Ek molecules. |
| 86 | 3264307 | There is evidence that the initial interaction between HIV-1 and the host that is essential for infection is the specific binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to the CD4 molecule found on certain T cells and monocytes. |
| 87 | 7483809 | They include the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (S-antigen), the HIV-1 gp160 envelope protein, and a chimeric HIV-1 Pr55-gag/V3-3 retrovirus-like particle. |
| 88 | 7488118 | By coupling an endogenous plasma proteinase inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) to a synthetic peptide having a partial sequence of HIV-1 envelope protein, alpha 2M was made to carry the peptide into APCs as a part of the normal alpha 2M cycle, which resulted in an increased production of specific antibodies against the peptide (Mitsuda, S., Nakagawa, T., Osada, T., Shimamoto, T., Nakazato, H. and Ikai, A. (1993) Biochem. |
| 89 | 7523139 | Priming of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses with recombinant proteins has been facilitated by the development of novel adjuvants that deliver antigens into the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) pathway. |
| 90 | 7523139 | Envelope-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes were detected in BALB/c mice immunized with env 2-3, a 55-kDa yeast-derived envelope protein that is not glycosylated and lacks a native conformation. |
| 91 | 7525524 | Hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), located in the N-terminal region of a putative second envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of hepatitis C virus (HCV), contains immunological B-cell epitopes which might be neutralizing epitopes. |
| 92 | 7525524 | To clarify whether B-cell epitopes within HVR1 are common among virus isolates or specific for the homologous virus isolate, we examined the reactivities of sera from 53 patients with chronic hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma/liver cirrhosis against two different HVR1 peptides (HVR1 I-1 and HVR1 Y-1) derived from patient I with sporadic acute hepatitis and an asymptomatic carrier Y, respectively, using our original assay system for the detection of anti-HVR1 antibody. |
| 93 | 7525524 | Most sera showed no reactivity with either HVR1 I-1 or HVR1 Y-1 peptide. |
| 94 | 7525524 | Only seven and fourteen serum samples reacted significantly, although weakly, with HVR1 I-1 and HVR1 Y-1 peptides, respectively, compared with the serum from patient I or asymptomatic carrier Y. |
| 95 | 7525524 | Six cases reacted with both HVR1 I-1 and HVR1 Y-1 peptides, but further analysis revealed that only three cases reacted weakly with the peptide for either epitope I or II, identified within HVR1 I-1. |
| 96 | 7527817 | We have recently identified the principal linear neutralizing B cell epitopes of human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) on the envelope protein gp46, amino acids (aa) 187-199, by using a number of human mAbs. |
| 97 | 7532670 | To facilitate such studies in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque model for AIDS, we have defined a rhesus monkey SIVmac CTL epitope carboxy terminus to both the CD4-binding and V4 regions of the envelope glycoprotein. |
| 98 | 7532670 | Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding this rhesus monkey MHC class I molecule demonstrated that it is a newly described HLA-B homologue, Mamu-B*01. |
| 99 | 7540488 | CD4+ T cell lines and clones specific for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens have been generated from peripheral lymphocytes of naive individuals by priming with the envelope protein gp120, the enzyme reverse transcriptase (p66), and their synthetic peptides. |
| 100 | 7545241 | Chimeric and beta-template peptide constructs incorporating known human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) B- and T-cell epitopes from the surface envelope protein gp46 (SP2 [aa 86 to 107] and SP4a [aa 190 to 209]) and promiscuous T-cell peptides were synthesized, and their immunogenicities were evaluated in both rabbits and mouse strains of divergent haplotypes (C3H/HeJ [H-2k], C57BL/6 [H-2b], and BALB/c [H-2d]). |
| 101 | 7576033 | Our previous reports established that immunization of mice in the footpad with a 15-amino acid synthetic peptide (R15K) from the V3 loop region in the envelope protein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) resulted in rapid induction of major histocompatability complex (MHC) class I-restricted, CD8+ HIV-1 envelope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the proximal popliteal lymph node. |
| 102 | 7594651 | Immunization with the vaccinia-env construct, followed by a boost with an envelope protein, also induces neutralizing antibodies, and anti-HIV-1 CTL activity (CD8, major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted) has been observed. |
| 103 | 7598771 | The safety and the immunogenicity of a recombinant canarypox live vector expressing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp160 gene from the MN isolate, ALVAC-HIV (vCP125), followed by booster injections of a soluble recombinant hybrid envelope glycoprotein MN/LAI (rgp160), were evaluated in vaccinia-immune, healthy adults at low risk for acquiring HIV-1 infection. |
| 104 | 7598771 | An envelope-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte activity was found in 39% of the volunteers and characterized for some of them as CD3+, CD8+, MHC class I restricted. |
| 105 | 7688170 | Envelope protein and p18(IIIB) peptide recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes from humans immunized with human immunodeficiency virus envelope. |
| 106 | 7688170 | Our results show that immunization with recombinant virus is able to generate virus-specific CTLs to the HIV-1 gp160 envelope protein and to a 15-residue synthetic peptide corresponding to a highly variable region of the envelope p18(IIIB). |
| 107 | 7688170 | Envelope protein and p18(IIIB) peptide recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes from humans immunized with human immunodeficiency virus envelope. |
| 108 | 7688170 | Our results show that immunization with recombinant virus is able to generate virus-specific CTLs to the HIV-1 gp160 envelope protein and to a 15-residue synthetic peptide corresponding to a highly variable region of the envelope p18(IIIB). |
| 109 | 7801087 | The vaccine consisted of the non-glycosylated FeLV envelope protein p45, aluminium hydroxide and a saponin adjuvant. |
| 110 | 7848685 | Fine analysis of humoral antibody response to envelope glycoprotein of SIV in infected and vaccinated macaques. |
| 111 | 7848685 | To characterize the serological response to SIV envelope, induced by vaccination with different envelope immunogens or by SIV infection, plasma samples from 11 cynomolgus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and from 16 macaques vaccinated with three different recombinant envelope proteins were analyzed by (1) ELISA, using a variety of antigens including overlapping peptides encompassing the entire sequence of the envelope protein of SIV, and (2) competition assays, using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to SIV gp120. |
| 112 | 7848685 | Fine analysis of humoral antibody response to envelope glycoprotein of SIV in infected and vaccinated macaques. |
| 113 | 7848685 | To characterize the serological response to SIV envelope, induced by vaccination with different envelope immunogens or by SIV infection, plasma samples from 11 cynomolgus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and from 16 macaques vaccinated with three different recombinant envelope proteins were analyzed by (1) ELISA, using a variety of antigens including overlapping peptides encompassing the entire sequence of the envelope protein of SIV, and (2) competition assays, using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to SIV gp120. |
| 114 | 8002030 | The HIV-1 envelope protein contains several regions with amino acid homology to HLA class I and class II molecules. |
| 115 | 8002030 | Independent measures of autoantibodies to Ro/SS-A and La/SS-B remained undetectable. |
| 116 | 8013961 | The synthetic peptide antigen (Ag) (the primary structure Tyr-Leu-Lys-Asp-Gln-Gln-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ile-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ser-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ile- Cys-Thr derived from the envelope glycoprotein gp41 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and exerting specificity with all HIV-1-positive sera available in the Czech Republic (and also in a panel of 10,000 sera from WHO)) was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and encapsulated into liposomes. |
| 117 | 8016092 | In this study, a human CD4+ T lymphocyte line was transduced to secrete Fab fragments of a broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody F105 that reacts with the CD4-binding site of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein. |
| 118 | 8021814 | Effect of MTP-PE liposomes and interleukin-7 on induction of antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to a recombinant HIV-envelope protein. |
| 119 | 8021814 | We investigated the ability of human recombinant interleukin-7 (IL-7) to enhance the immune responses of mice vaccinated with either the alum-associated or liposome-formulated recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-envelope protein, env-2-3SF2 (a nonglycosylated denatured gp 120 of HIV-1SF2 produced in genetically engineered yeast). |
| 120 | 8021814 | Effect of MTP-PE liposomes and interleukin-7 on induction of antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to a recombinant HIV-envelope protein. |
| 121 | 8021814 | We investigated the ability of human recombinant interleukin-7 (IL-7) to enhance the immune responses of mice vaccinated with either the alum-associated or liposome-formulated recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-envelope protein, env-2-3SF2 (a nonglycosylated denatured gp 120 of HIV-1SF2 produced in genetically engineered yeast). |
| 122 | 8046353 | Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for SIV envelope protein were detected in three of four protected animals vs. one of four unprotected animals, suggesting a possible role of MHC class I-restricted CTL in protection from infected blood cells. |
| 123 | 8057491 | A dominant CD8(+)-mediated, major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CTL response to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp160, was noted in four of the five patients studied. |
| 124 | 8095059 | Twelve vaccinia-naive volunteers were inoculated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain IIIB (HIV-1IIIB) envelope glycoprotein gp160 and subsequently immunized with 640 micrograms of recombinant (r) gp160 protein produced in baculovirus. |
| 125 | 8097759 | An HIV-1 envelope protein vaccine elicits a functionally complex human CD4+ T cell response that includes cytolytic T lymphocytes. |
| 126 | 8097759 | Antibody blocking and single cell cloning experiments demonstrated that the vaccine-induced cytolytic activity was mediated by CD4+, MHC class II-restricted T cells. |
| 127 | 8097759 | Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies revealed that the CD4+ CTL response was regulated in a complex manner and was not clearly correlated with MHC class II genotype, Ag dose, or number of immunizations. |
| 128 | 8097759 | Analysis of cytokine secretion by gp160-specific CD4+ T cell clones revealed Th0-, Th1-, and Th2-like patterns, with CD4+ CTL clones showing Th0- or T'1-like patterns. |
| 129 | 8097759 | Interestingly, many Th0- and Th1-like CTL clones produced very little IL-2, a finding that may explain the complicated regulation of this response. |
| 130 | 8178557 | The interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp120 with CD4 CDR3-related peptide derivatives showing anti-HIV-1 activity has been studied. |
| 131 | 8178557 | Conformational changes in gp120, which could affect its interaction with CD4 and its shedding from virions, were detected by fluorescence spectrum analysis of tryptophan residues after addition of peptide representative of the CD4 CDR3-related region, but not the CD4 CDR2-related region. |
| 132 | 8179960 | An immunodominant CTL epitope from the HIV-1 IIIB envelope protein gp160 comprising 15 amino acids (residues 315-329: RIQRGPGRAFVTIGK) (P18IIIB) has been identified that is recognized by class I MHC molecule H-2d-restricted murine CD8+ CTLs. |
| 133 | 8282780 | We have investigated the systemic anti-HIV antibody response in chimpanzees who were immunized with live vaccinia containing either the HIV envelope glycoprotein (gp160IIIB) or a control antigen (herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D) and then challenged with either a high dose (300,000 TCID50) or low dose (100 TCID50) of HIVIIIB. |
| 134 | 8460155 | HIV-seronegative volunteers were immunized with vaccinia expressing HIV-1LAV-1/Bru 160-kDa envelope glycoprotein (vaccinia gp160) and subsequently given booster injections of recombinant gp160 protein (rgp160). |
| 135 | 8470333 | Involvement of CD8+ T cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity responses against bovine leukemia virus (BLV) induced in sheep vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing BLV envelope glycoprotein. |
| 136 | 8470333 | Immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that the lymphocytic infiltrates consisted mainly of CD8+ T cells (53.7-55.8% at 48 hours post-challenge of BLV), CD4+ T cells (24.7-26.7%), and B cells (11.5-16.9%). |
| 137 | 8470333 | The role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in suppressing BLV growth in RVV-vaccinated animals is discussed. |
| 138 | 8515081 | Peptide constructs comprised of multideterminant Th peptides from the envelope glycoprotein of HIV previously identified to induce proliferative responses in four different haplotypes of mice and IL-2 responses in 52 to 73% of HIV positive, Ag-responsive patients, were colinearly synthesized with the peptide 18 of the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp 160, corresponding to the principal neutralizing determinant of HIV-IIIB. |
| 139 | 8578803 | Immunization studies in rats showed that this protein was also less efficient in inducing antibodies against this antigenic site, and that it induced significantly lower levels of virus neutralizing antibodies than the other SIV-envelope glycoprotein. |
| 140 | 8578803 | The immunogenicity of the SIV-envelope glycoprotein incorporated into immune stimulating complexes (iscoms) was compared to that of the same protein presented with Quil A or MDP-tsl. |
| 141 | 8578803 | Immunization studies in rats showed that this protein was also less efficient in inducing antibodies against this antigenic site, and that it induced significantly lower levels of virus neutralizing antibodies than the other SIV-envelope glycoprotein. |
| 142 | 8578803 | The immunogenicity of the SIV-envelope glycoprotein incorporated into immune stimulating complexes (iscoms) was compared to that of the same protein presented with Quil A or MDP-tsl. |
| 143 | 8578812 | A gene fragment encoding the C-terminal 204 amino acids (AA) from the structural envelope glycoprotein (E) and the N-terminal 65 AA from non-structural protein one (NS1) of dengue type 2 virus (DEN-2) was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a fusion protein with staphylococcal protein A. |
| 144 | 8648205 | Of subjects receiving rgp160, 98% developed lymphocyte-proliferative responses to the immunogen, 33% to a different envelope protein, and 56% and 60% to p24 and p66, respectively. |
| 145 | 8700831 | A quantitative test to estimate neutralizing antibodies to the hepatitis C virus: cytofluorimetric assessment of envelope glycoprotein 2 binding to target cells. |
| 146 | 8700831 | Envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2) expressed in mammalian cells, but not in yeast or insect cells, binds human cells with high affinity (Kd approximately 10(-8) M). |
| 147 | 8700831 | A quantitative test to estimate neutralizing antibodies to the hepatitis C virus: cytofluorimetric assessment of envelope glycoprotein 2 binding to target cells. |
| 148 | 8700831 | Envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2) expressed in mammalian cells, but not in yeast or insect cells, binds human cells with high affinity (Kd approximately 10(-8) M). |
| 149 | 8735546 | The N-terminal 303 amino acids of the human cytomegalovirus envelope glycoprotein B (UL55) and the exon 4 region of the major immediate early protein 1 (UL123) induce a cytotoxic T-cell response. |
| 150 | 8801439 | The specific binding of the viral external envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1, gp120, to the CD4 molecules initiates viral entry. |
| 151 | 8801439 | In the past few years, several studies have indicated that the interaction of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein with cells and molecules of the immune system leads to pleiotropic biological effects on immune functions, which include effects on differentiation of CD34+ lymphoid progenitor cells and thymocytes, aberrant activation and cytokine secretion patterns of mature T cells, induction of apoptosis, B-cell hyperactivity, inhibition of T-cell dependent B-cell differentiation, modulation of macrophage functions, interactions with components of complement, and effects on neuronal cells. |
| 152 | 8801439 | The specific binding of the viral external envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1, gp120, to the CD4 molecules initiates viral entry. |
| 153 | 8801439 | In the past few years, several studies have indicated that the interaction of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein with cells and molecules of the immune system leads to pleiotropic biological effects on immune functions, which include effects on differentiation of CD34+ lymphoid progenitor cells and thymocytes, aberrant activation and cytokine secretion patterns of mature T cells, induction of apoptosis, B-cell hyperactivity, inhibition of T-cell dependent B-cell differentiation, modulation of macrophage functions, interactions with components of complement, and effects on neuronal cells. |
| 154 | 8892853 | A source of glycosylated human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 envelope protein: expression of gp46 by the vaccinia virus/T7 polymerase system. |
| 155 | 8906815 | We have observed and analyzed an unexpected cross-reactivity of CD8+ CTL between two nonhomologous peptides of the HIV-1 IIIB gp160 envelope protein, P18 (residues 315-329) and HP53 (834-848, also called TH4.1), in the context of four different class I MHC molecules, Dd, Dp, Dq (or Lq), and H-2u. |
| 156 | 8906815 | Cross-reactivity was also shown in immunization in vivo and with target cells endogenously expressing viral protein in vitro using two different recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing only the N-terminal portion of gp160, containing P18 but not HP53. |
| 157 | 8906815 | A comparison of these peptide sequences and recent data on residues of P18 interacting with H-2Dd provided us with clues to residues involved in the interaction of the CTL with the MHC-peptide complex. |
| 158 | 8985336 | Plasmid vectors encoding the major (S) or middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were constructed and compared for their potential to induce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific immune responses with a vector encoding the middle envelope and IL-2 fusion protein or with a bicistronic vector separately encoding the middle envelope protein and IL-2. |
| 159 | 8985336 | The use of plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein in the fusion or nonfusion context resulted in enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses. |
| 160 | 8985336 | When restimulated with antigen in vitro, splenocytes from mice that received plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein produced much stronger T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses than did those from mice that had been given injections of plasmids encoding the envelope protein alone. |
| 161 | 8985336 | Plasmid vectors encoding the major (S) or middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were constructed and compared for their potential to induce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific immune responses with a vector encoding the middle envelope and IL-2 fusion protein or with a bicistronic vector separately encoding the middle envelope protein and IL-2. |
| 162 | 8985336 | The use of plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein in the fusion or nonfusion context resulted in enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses. |
| 163 | 8985336 | When restimulated with antigen in vitro, splenocytes from mice that received plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein produced much stronger T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses than did those from mice that had been given injections of plasmids encoding the envelope protein alone. |
| 164 | 8985336 | Plasmid vectors encoding the major (S) or middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were constructed and compared for their potential to induce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific immune responses with a vector encoding the middle envelope and IL-2 fusion protein or with a bicistronic vector separately encoding the middle envelope protein and IL-2. |
| 165 | 8985336 | The use of plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein in the fusion or nonfusion context resulted in enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses. |
| 166 | 8985336 | When restimulated with antigen in vitro, splenocytes from mice that received plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein produced much stronger T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses than did those from mice that had been given injections of plasmids encoding the envelope protein alone. |
| 167 | 9032886 | A putative second envelope glycoprotein (E2) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was constitutively produced in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line stably transformed with a plasmid expressing E2 protein under the control of an exogenous promoter and a signal sequence. |
| 168 | 9091063 | Lymphoproliferative response to synthetic V3 loop P18 peptide and HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein among individuals immunized with gp160 candidate vaccines. |
| 169 | 9091063 | Because T-cell responses are critical for defense against viral infections, the synthetic P18 peptide (RIQRGPGRAFVTIGK) and active component of gp160 protein has previously been shown to induce cytotoxic and helper T-lymphocyte responses. |
| 170 | 9091063 | We found a PBMC proliferative response to synthetic P18 peptide in healthy immunized individuals induced by gp160 antigen with or without vaccinia virus. |
| 171 | 9091063 | There was correlation between the proliferative response to P18 peptide and other antigens such as HIV-like proteins and gp160 molecule. |
| 172 | 9158092 | Expansion of restricted cellular immune responses to HIV-1 envelope by vaccination: IL-7 and IL-12 differentially augment cellular proliferative responses to HIV-1. |
| 173 | 9158092 | In a randomized cohort of HIV-infected patients, there was striking in vitro restriction of the proliferative response to HIV-1 envelope protein (Env), gp160; only 34% of patients recognized Env. |
| 174 | 9158092 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-infected vaccine recipients, placebo recipients, and seronegative volunteers were cultured with exogenous IL-7 or IL-12 and either tetanus toxoid (TT) or gp160. |
| 175 | 9158092 | IL-7 significantly augmented proliferative responses to TT and gp160, whereas IL-12 only affected proliferation to gp160. |
| 176 | 9158092 | Modification of restricted proliferative responses to Env by vaccination or cytokines in vitro suggests that strategies incorporating IL-7 or IL-12 as adjuvants may selectively boost cellular reactivity to HIV-1. |
| 177 | 9178085 | NMR study of the peptide present in the principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. |
| 178 | 9178465 | Peptides which bind to human HLA-DRB1 class II molecules in an allele-specific fashion were derived from the immunodominant E1 envelope protein of rubella virus. |
| 179 | 9178470 | Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein D (gD), an envelope glycoprotein, engenders mucosal and systemic immunity protecting cattle from viral infection. |
| 180 | 9266981 | Complementary DNA encoding the ORF5 gene of a Quebec reference isolate (IAF-Klop) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vectors pGEX-4T and pET21a to produce ORF5-glutathione S-transferase and ORF5-polyhistidine fusion proteins. |
| 181 | 9266981 | Five hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the 25 kDa viral envelope glycoprotein (GP5) were obtained from BALB/c mice immunized with the affinity chromatography-purified GST-ORF5 fusion protein. |
| 182 | 9281853 | Linear epitope mapping of humoral responses induced by vaccination with recombinant HIV-1 envelope protein gp160. |
| 183 | 9342362 | A challenge for subunit vaccines whose goal is to elicit CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is to deliver the antigen to the cytosol of the living cell, where it can be processed for presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. |
| 184 | 9342362 | To test whether the lethal factor protein could be exploited for delivery of exogenous proteins to the MHC class I processing pathway, we constructed a genetic fusion between the amino-terminal 254 aa of LF and the gp120 portion of the HIV-1 envelope protein. |
| 185 | 9380724 | The T1 helper peptide from the HIV-1 envelope protein was made more immunogenic for inducing T cell proliferation to the native sequence by replacing a residue that exerts an adverse influence on peptide binding to an MHC class II molecule. |
| 186 | 9390747 | In this study we used Semliki Forest virus (SFV) RNA vectors to express the envelope protein gp160 of HIV-1IIIB in cynomolgus macaques. |
| 187 | 9400982 | Envelope glycoprotein D (gD) of pseudorabies virus (PRV) is essential for penetration but is not required for cell-to-cell spread. |
| 188 | 9525307 | To apply IL-12 genes in gene therapy such as a DNA vaccine, a pIL-12 vector was constructed that contained two cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoters to drive the expression of p35 and p40 subunits, respectively. |
| 189 | 9525307 | In addition, a pscIL-12 vector was designed with a linker to fuse p35 cDNA with p40 cDNA to produce a single-chain IL-12 protein, ensuring not only that the expression of p35 and p40 subunits was equally expressed, but also that no free p40 subunits interfered with IL-12 activity. |
| 190 | 9525307 | Furthermore, in vivo functional studies also demonstrated that mice co-immunized with a pS vector expressing the major envelope protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and IL-12 vectors encoding native IL-12 or single-chain IL-12 fusion protein elicited higher levels of IgG2a anti-HBs antibody and of Th1-related cytokine. |
| 191 | 9525307 | Because p35 and p40 genes can be expressed in a vector by using a single promoter, pscIL-12 should be useful in future applications for nucleic acid vaccination or for gene therapy against diseases. |
| 192 | 9546800 | Immunoliposomes containing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the costimulatory molecules CD28 and CTLA4 and their counterreceptors B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) were evaluated for the ability to increase the immune response to recombinant envelope protein rgp120 of the MN strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) during vaccination. |
| 193 | 9546800 | The DTH response was not accompanied by increased production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) or interleukin 4 (IL-4), implying that the primary cellular interaction was between the immunoliposomes and cells of the reticuloendothelial system and not helper T (Th) cells. |
| 194 | 9568962 | The humoral immune response to flaviviruses is mainly directed to the major envelope protein, E, and a glycosylated non-structural protein, NS1. |
| 195 | 9568962 | Experiments described here show that a defective recombinant adenovirus (Rad51) containing the gene encoding the NS1 protein of tick-borne encephalitis virus can induce a strong protective immune response against several pathogenic tick-borne flaviviruses in an experimental animal model, and can enhance the efficacy of conventional vaccine preparations. |
| 196 | 9573260 | The CTLs induced in BALB/c mice immunized twice with 100 microg of pcDNA3JEME were CD8 positive and recognized mainly the envelope protein. |
| 197 | 9603313 | The ORF5-encoded major envelope glycoprotein (GP5) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the three major structural proteins of this virus. |
| 198 | 9603313 | While some porcine convalescent sera and monoclonal antibodies directed against GP4 and GP5 have the capacity to neutralize the virus in vitro, the protein specificity of porcine neutralizing sera has not yet been established. |
| 199 | 9603313 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from DNA-vaccinated pigs underwent blastogenic transformation in the presence of E. coli-expressed recombinant ORF5-encoded protein, indicating the specificity of the cellular immune response to GP5. |
| 200 | 9641684 | HIV-1 entry depends on the sequential interaction of the gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein with the receptors on the cell, CD4 and members of the chemokine receptor family. |
| 201 | 9671218 | Genetic control of the immune response to HIV type 1 envelope glycoprotein 120 in mice: effects of MHC and transgenic human CD4. |
| 202 | 9684045 | The objective of the present study was to evaluate the importance of genomic and antigenic variations which may have affected the major envelope glycoprotein GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates responsible for outbreaks in Quebec and Ontario, in comparison with the modified-live U.S. vaccine strain (MLV) and the European prototype strain from Lelystad (LV). |
| 203 | 9684045 | The ORF5 encoded products of 5 of these isolates, including the MLV and LV strains, were expressed in E. coli as recombinant proteins fused to the glutathione S-transferase (GST) protein and used to raise hyperimmune anti-ORF5 sera in rabbits. |
| 204 | 9684045 | The reactivity patterns of strain-specific hyperimmune anti-ORF5 sera and a panel of 4 monoclonal antibodies directed against the ORF5 gene product of the Quebec IAF-Klop strain of PRRSV, indicated that GP5 of field isolates also underwent antigenic variations. |
| 205 | 9686639 | Cross-clade envelope glycoprotein 160-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in early HIV type 1 clade B infection. |
| 206 | 9686639 | A major objective of current HIV-1 vaccination strategies is the induction of HIV-1-specific CD8+ MHC class I-restricted CTL responses, which are suggested to play a pivotal role in viral clearance and protection against HIV-1 disease progression. |
| 207 | 9707171 | Since initial infection depends on binding of the viral envelope protein gp120 to CD4 on the cell surface, the CD4 binding site of gp120 is a target for vaccine design. |
| 208 | 9733870 | Here we apply MVA to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine development by incorporating the envelope protein gp160 of HIV-1 primary isolate strain 89.6 (MVA 89.6) and use it to induce mucosal cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) immunity. |
| 209 | 9733870 | Immunization with MVA 89.6 led to (i) the loading of antigen-presenting cells in vivo, as measured by the ex vivo active presentation of the P18-89.6 peptide to an antigen-specific CTL line, and (ii) the significant production of the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in the mucosal sites. |
| 210 | 9891969 | We demonstrate here that liposomes that contain an immunodominant peptide (15 amino acids) of the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of HIV-1 and that are coated with mannopentaose-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine conjugate induce a major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8+ CTL response in mice with a single subcutaneous immunization, whereas non-coated liposomes do not. |
| 211 | 9916724 | We recently characterized two nonmutated tumor-associated Ags for the B16 murine melanoma: tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) and the endogenous retroviral envelope protein, p15E. |
| 212 | 10196334 | CV-N also blocked HIV envelope glycoprotein Env-induced, CD4-dependent cell-cell fusion. |
| 213 | 10196334 | Mapping studies with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to defined epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein indicated that CV-N binds to gp120 in a manner that does not occlude or alter the CD4 binding site or V3 loop or other domains on gp120 recognized by defined MAbs and does not interfere with soluble CD4-induced conformational changes in gp120. |
| 214 | 10196334 | CV-N also blocked HIV envelope glycoprotein Env-induced, CD4-dependent cell-cell fusion. |
| 215 | 10196334 | Mapping studies with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to defined epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein indicated that CV-N binds to gp120 in a manner that does not occlude or alter the CD4 binding site or V3 loop or other domains on gp120 recognized by defined MAbs and does not interfere with soluble CD4-induced conformational changes in gp120. |
| 216 | 10366577 | The HCV hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the main E2 envelope protein is critically important in HCV neutralization but its extreme variability makes immune therapy and vaccine development particularly difficult. |
| 217 | 10377443 | Constitutive cell surface association between CD4 and CCR5. |
| 218 | 10377443 | HIV-1 entry into cells involves formation of a complex between gp120 of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), a receptor (CD4), and a coreceptor. |
| 219 | 10377443 | It can be inhibited by CCR5- and CD4-specific antibodies that interfere with HIV-1 infection, indicating a possible role in virus entry. |
| 220 | 10471100 | Forty asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals with CD4+ lymphocyte levels above 400x10(6)/l were immunized over 5 years with recombinant envelope glycoprotein gp160 (rgp160). |
| 221 | 10486104 | Recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing an immunodominant epitope of HIV-1 envelope protein within an influenza hemagglutinin cassette predominantly prime epitope-specific CD8(+) CTL. |
| 222 | 10501160 | Intramuscular injection with DNA encoding the EHV-1 envelope glycoprotein D (gD) in a mammalian expression vector induced a specific antibody response detectable by two weeks and maintained through 23 weeks post injection. |
| 223 | 10559329 | Several inbred and outbred mouse strains immunized with a plasmid (pE) encoding the JEV envelope protein elicited a high level of protection against a lethal JEV challenge similar to that achieved by the inactivated vaccine, whereas all the other genes tested, including those encoding the capsid protein and the nonstructural proteins NS1-2A, NS3, and NS5, were ineffective. |
| 224 | 10559349 | Although infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) typically requires an interaction between the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), CD4, and a chemokine receptor, CD4-independent isolates of HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus have been described. |
| 225 | 10559349 | We have derived a variant of HIV-1/IIIB, termed IIIBx, that acquired the ability to utilize CXCR4 without CD4. |
| 226 | 10559349 | This virus infected CD4-negative T and B cells and fused with murine 3T3 cells that expressed human CXCR4 alone. |
| 227 | 10559349 | Remarkably, when the V3 loop of a CCR5-tropic Env was substituted for the IIIBx Env, the resulting chimera was found to utilize CCR5 but remained CD4 independent. |
| 228 | 10593481 | In vivo adaptation of SHIV(SF162): chimeric virus expressing a NSI, CCR5-specific envelope protein. |
| 229 | 10706640 | Recombinant, replication-competent rabies virus (RV) vaccine strain-based vectors were developed expressing HIV type I (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (gp160) from both a laboratory-adapted (CXCR4-tropic) and a primary (dual-tropic) HIV-1 isolate. |
| 230 | 10706640 | Inoculation of mice with the recombinant RVs expressing HIV-1 gp160 induced a strong humoral response directed against the HIV-1 envelope protein after a single boost with recombinant HIV-1 gp120 protein. |
| 231 | 10706640 | Recombinant, replication-competent rabies virus (RV) vaccine strain-based vectors were developed expressing HIV type I (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (gp160) from both a laboratory-adapted (CXCR4-tropic) and a primary (dual-tropic) HIV-1 isolate. |
| 232 | 10706640 | Inoculation of mice with the recombinant RVs expressing HIV-1 gp160 induced a strong humoral response directed against the HIV-1 envelope protein after a single boost with recombinant HIV-1 gp120 protein. |
| 233 | 10708416 | We constructed chimeric dengue type 2/type 1 (DEN-2/DEN-1) viruses containing the nonstructural genes of DEN-2 16681 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain PDK-53, and the structural genes (encoding capsid protein, premembrane protein, and envelope glycoprotein) of DEN-1 16007 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain PDK-13. |
| 234 | 10708416 | Mutations in the envelope protein of DEN-1 PDK-13 virus affected in vitro phenotype and immunogenicity in mice. |
| 235 | 10708416 | We constructed chimeric dengue type 2/type 1 (DEN-2/DEN-1) viruses containing the nonstructural genes of DEN-2 16681 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain PDK-53, and the structural genes (encoding capsid protein, premembrane protein, and envelope glycoprotein) of DEN-1 16007 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain PDK-13. |
| 236 | 10708416 | Mutations in the envelope protein of DEN-1 PDK-13 virus affected in vitro phenotype and immunogenicity in mice. |
| 237 | 10720508 | A phase II efficacy trial was conducted with recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 (rgp160) in 608 HIV-infected, asymptomatic volunteers with CD4+ cell counts >400 cells/mm3. |
| 238 | 10795519 | Definition of an epitope on Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) envelope protein recognized by JEV-specific murine CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 239 | 10800093 | To evaluate this hypothesis, immune responses against HIV-1 envelope protein, gp160, an immunogenic HIV-1 component expressed under the control of the CMV promoter, were evaluated in BALB/c mice with or without stimulation by 8 Br-cAMP. |
| 240 | 10800093 | Moreover, it induced increased production of interferon-gamma with reduction in IL-4 synthesis, and decreased the ratio of serum IgG1/IgG2a. |
| 241 | 10823869 | In the WT infected cells, C proteins appeared to colocalize almost perfectly with the matrix (M) proteins, pretty well with an external envelope glycoprotein (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase [HN]), and very poorly with the internal P protein. |
| 242 | 10856788 | Three-day-old ducklings were immunized with either a plasmid encoding the DHBV pre-S/S large envelope protein (L), or a recombinant preS protein, followed by sequential DNA or protein boosts at weeks 4 and 15. |
| 243 | 10888628 | The HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 has recently been shown to bind CD81 on human cells and therefore is a prime candidate for inclusion in any such vaccine. |
| 244 | 10888628 | The quality of recombinant E2 protein was evaluated by both the capacity to bind its putative receptor CD81 on human cells and the ability to elicit antibodies that inhibited this binding (NOB antibodies). |
| 245 | 10888628 | Together, our data suggest that to elicit antibodies aimed at blocking HCV binding to CD81 on human cells, the antigen of choice is a mammalian cell-expressed, monomeric E2 protein purified from the intracellular fraction. |
| 246 | 10888933 | Immunohistochemistry of the skin showed CD1a-positive DCs double-labeled with an antibody against DV envelope glycoprotein. |
| 247 | 10889596 | The process of HIV entry begins with binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein to both the CD4 receptor and one of several chemokine receptors and ends with fusion of viral and cell membranes. |
| 248 | 10889596 | Conceptually, there are 3 steps in the HIV entry process that could serve as therapeutic targets: binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein with the CD4 receptor, binding of the envelope-CD4 complex to chemokine receptors, and fusion of the viral and cell membranes. |
| 249 | 10889596 | The process of HIV entry begins with binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein to both the CD4 receptor and one of several chemokine receptors and ends with fusion of viral and cell membranes. |
| 250 | 10889596 | Conceptually, there are 3 steps in the HIV entry process that could serve as therapeutic targets: binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein with the CD4 receptor, binding of the envelope-CD4 complex to chemokine receptors, and fusion of the viral and cell membranes. |
| 251 | 10893147 | The major structural proteins consist of a 25 kDa envelope glycoprotein (GP5), an 18-19 kDa unglycosylated membrane protein (M), and a 15 kDa nucleocapsid (N) protein, encoded by ORFs 5, 6 and 7, respectively. |
| 252 | 10893147 | The expression products of ORFs 2 and 4 are also incorporated into virus particles as additional minor membrane-associated glycoproteins designated as GP2 and GP4, with M(r) of 29 and 31 kDa, respectively. |
| 253 | 10926931 | We expressed trimeric envelope glycoprotein from three primary, macrophage tropic HIV-1 isolates in baby hamster kidney cells and analyzed the furin-mediated cleavage, stability, and receptor binding properties of the oligomers. |
| 254 | 10926931 | Secreted uncleaved gp140 trimers were purified to homogeneity and analyzed for their capacity to interact with cellular receptors CD4 and CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). |
| 255 | 10926931 | Receptor binding was analyzed on CD4- and CCR5-expressing cells as well as on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 256 | 10926931 | In conclusion, our results show that the cleaved form of the envelope glycoprotein does not form stable trimers, suggesting that gp120/gp41 oligomers on the virion surface might be stabilized by a yet to be identified mechanism and that the virion might attach to CD4 via a monomeric form of gp120. |
| 257 | 10926931 | We expressed trimeric envelope glycoprotein from three primary, macrophage tropic HIV-1 isolates in baby hamster kidney cells and analyzed the furin-mediated cleavage, stability, and receptor binding properties of the oligomers. |
| 258 | 10926931 | Secreted uncleaved gp140 trimers were purified to homogeneity and analyzed for their capacity to interact with cellular receptors CD4 and CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). |
| 259 | 10926931 | Receptor binding was analyzed on CD4- and CCR5-expressing cells as well as on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 260 | 10926931 | In conclusion, our results show that the cleaved form of the envelope glycoprotein does not form stable trimers, suggesting that gp120/gp41 oligomers on the virion surface might be stabilized by a yet to be identified mechanism and that the virion might attach to CD4 via a monomeric form of gp120. |
| 261 | 10946425 | The highest heterogeneity has been found in the hypervariable region of the envelope glycoprotein 2, which contains a principal neutralization epitope. |
| 262 | 11027808 | Chimeric classical swine fever viruses containing envelope protein E(RNS) or E2 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus protect pigs against challenge with CSFV and induce a distinguishable antibody response. |
| 263 | 11090138 | The infection of CD4(+) host cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is initiated by a temporal progression of interactions between specific cell surface receptors and the viral envelope protein, gp120. |
| 264 | 11166906 | The vCP205 vaccine induced secretion of the Th1 cytokine, interferon-gamma, by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after in vitro stimulation with HIV-1 p24 and envelope glycoprotein. |
| 265 | 11230402 | Because the peptide is a fragment of the E(rns) protein, it can be used to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals when a vaccine based on the E2 protein, which is another pestivirus envelope protein, is used. |
| 266 | 11230750 | The hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the putative envelope protein E2 of hepatitis C virus (HCV) contains a principal neutralization epitope, and anti-HVR1 antibodies have been shown to possess protective activity in ex vivo neutralization experiments. |
| 267 | 11305358 | Use of human CD4 transgenic mice for studying immunogenicity of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120. |
| 268 | 11312623 | Here we describe the properties of a DC-specific C-type lectin, DC-SIGN, that is highly expressed on DC present in mucosal tissues and binds to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. |
| 269 | 11312623 | DC-SIGN does not function as a receptor for viral entry into DC, but instead promotes efficient infection in trans of cells that express CD4 and chemokine receptors. |
| 270 | 11359364 | This state is due to the binding of HIV envelope glycoprotein moieties to CD4 molecules and chemokine receptors. |
| 271 | 11359364 | This effect is exemplified by diminished production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma and reduced expression of IL-2 receptor by CD4 helper cells of HIV patients. |
| 272 | 11431420 | The ability of cytokines to steer CD4(+) T(h) cell responses toward a T(h)1 or T(h)2 phenotype and enhance the magnitude of both CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and antibody responses has clearly been demonstrated by our lab and others, but the influence of cytokines on protective immune responses is much less clear. |
| 273 | 11431420 | Here we show an essential role for CD4(+) T(h)1 helper cell induction and IFN-gamma production in protection from viral challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV-1MN viral envelope glycoprotein gp160. |
| 274 | 11431420 | Complete protection from viral challenge is achieved only when the triple combination of exogenous cytokines granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are co-administered with the peptide vaccine. |
| 275 | 11431420 | In vivo depletion of CD4(+) cells or immunization of IFN-gamma-deficient mice abrogates protection. |
| 276 | 11431420 | GM-CSF, IL-12 and TNF-alpha also synergize for the enhanced induction of CTL; however, adoptive transfer of a CD8(+) CTL line afforded only partial protection in this viral challenge model. |
| 277 | 11431420 | We further demonstrate synergy between IL-12 and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha in driving IFN-gamma production. |
| 278 | 11431420 | Thus, a combination of IL-12 and TNF-alpha is essential for the optimal development of T(h)1 responses and help for CTL induction in BALB/c mice, and is complemented by a third cytokine, GM-CSF, which enhances antigen presentation. |
| 279 | 11522187 | Coadministration of SF-2 rgp120 vaccine with vCP205 vaccine enhanced lymphocyte proliferation in response to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein and broadened the envelope-stimulated cytokine secretion pattern, so that it consisted of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines compared with only interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) after vCP205 vaccine given alone. |
| 280 | 11522187 | There was a possible association between HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-stimulated interleukin 2 secretion and CD8(+) CTLs against HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, and an inverse relation between lymphocyte proliferation and CTLs against HIV-1 Gag antigens. |
| 281 | 11522187 | Coadministration of SF-2 rgp120 vaccine with vCP205 vaccine enhanced lymphocyte proliferation in response to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein and broadened the envelope-stimulated cytokine secretion pattern, so that it consisted of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines compared with only interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) after vCP205 vaccine given alone. |
| 282 | 11522187 | There was a possible association between HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-stimulated interleukin 2 secretion and CD8(+) CTLs against HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, and an inverse relation between lymphocyte proliferation and CTLs against HIV-1 Gag antigens. |
| 283 | 11562534 | Pretreatment of UV-HCMV with trypsin or monoclonal antibody reactive with the envelope glycoprotein gB reduced the increase in HLA class I expression on the HFF cell surface by UV-HCMV. |
| 284 | 11574173 | To explore the possible mechanism of the emergence of acute PRRS, the open reading frame 5 (ORF5) gene encoding the major envelope protein (GP5) of acute PRRSV isolates was characterized. |
| 285 | 11591745 | HIV envelope protein inhibits MHC class I presentation of a cytomegalovirus protective epitope. |
| 286 | 11591745 | CTL recognize peptides that derive from viral protein Ags by proteolytic processing and are presented by MHC class I molecules. |
| 287 | 11591745 | Also, point mutants of the presenting MHC class I molecule differed in their competition pattern. |
| 288 | 11591745 | We conclude that, although not the rule, in certain combinations there is interference between different Ags expressed in the same cell and presented by the same MHC class I allele. |
| 289 | 11602749 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) fusion and entry involves sequential interactions between the viral envelope protein, gp120, cell surface CD4, and a G-protein-coupled coreceptor. |
| 290 | 11602749 | In this study, we examined the disposition of these features during the fusion of HeLa cells expressing either HIV(HXB2) envelope (Env cells) or CXCR4 and CD4 (target cells). |
| 291 | 11602749 | Analyses of cells arrested by cooling to 4( degrees )C revealed that antibodies against the CD4-induced coreceptor-binding domain, i.e., 17b, 48d, and CG10, faintly react with Env cells even in the absence of target cell or soluble CD4 (sCD4) interactions. |
| 292 | 11711631 | Frequent mutations in hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the main envelope protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major mechanism of persistence by escaping the host immune recognition. |
| 293 | 11858863 | Protective efficacy of a plasmid DNA encoding Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein fused to tissue plasminogen activator signal sequences: studies in a murine intracerebral virus challenge model. |
| 294 | 11858863 | We report the construction of chimeric DNA vaccine vectors in which secretory signal sequence derived from tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) was fused to the full length (pCMVTE) or 398 amino terminal amino acids (pCMVTdeltaE) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) envelope (E) protein. |
| 295 | 11858867 | The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) envelope glycoprotein E (gE) and immediate early protein 63 (IE63) are well known targets for specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses during VZV infection and latency, respectively. |
| 296 | 11932387 | It was demonstrated that vaccines expressing the DeltaV3 mutant of either HIV-1(IIIB) or HIV-1(89.6) envelope glycoprotein induced broader CD8(+) T-cell activities than those elicited by the wild-type (WT) counterparts. |
| 297 | 11983249 | The minimal envelope glycoprotein region that specifies this increase in membrane-fusing capacity was sufficient to convert SHIV-89.6 into a virus that causes profound CD4(+) T-cell depletion in monkeys. |
| 298 | 11997472 | HIV-1 entry into cells involves formation of a complex between gp120 of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), a receptor (CD4), and a coreceptor, typically CCR5. |
| 299 | 12034093 | A synthetic peptide immunogen designated the multiple epitope immunogen (MEI), based on the principle neutralizing domain (PND) of the third variable region (V3) of the HIV-1 subtype C surface envelope protein was prepared by combining two different modes of synthesis [Vaccine 12 (8) (1994) 736; AIDS Res. |
| 300 | 12036323 | First, we have identified two CD8 T cell epitopes and one CD4 T cell epitope. |
| 301 | 12036323 | An H-2Kb-restricted dominant epitope was mapped in the NS3 protein, whereas the viral envelope protein harbored an H-2Db-restricted subdominant epitope and the I-Ab-restricted CD4 T cell epitope. |
| 302 | 12072535 | By contrast, these viruses are unchanged in their sensitivities to soluble CD4, the CXCR4 coreceptor ligand SDF-1alpha, and human anti-HIV immunoglobulin, reagents that impact the initial, receptor-induced conformational changes in the envelope glycoprotein. |
| 303 | 12192089 | These results suggest that covalently crosslinked complexes of the HIV-1 surface envelope glycoprotein and CD4 elicit broadly neutralizing humoral responses that, in part, may be directed against a novel epitope(s) found on the HIV-1 envelope. |
| 304 | 12390542 | To better understand the epitope-specificity of CD4+ Th repertoire to the envelope glycoprotein (Env) of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), we analyzed Th responses to 20-mer overlapping Env peptides in eight genetically heterogeneous macaques chronically infected with live attenuated SIV. |
| 305 | 12393660 | Autologous and MHC class I-negative allogeneic tumor cells secreting IL-12 together cure disseminated A20 lymphoma. |
| 306 | 12393660 | Here, we show that allogeneic B78H1 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-negative and -positive (H-2K(b)- and D(b)-transfected) cells induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and protection in BALB/c mice at comparable levels in response to a challenge with C26 (H-2(d)) colon carcinoma cells sharing the tumor-associated antigen envelope glycoprotein 70 (env-gp70) with both cell lines. |
| 307 | 12393660 | Indeed, only CD4(+) T cells from IL-12-treated mice could be restimulated with anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in place of a fourth cellular boost. |
| 308 | 12393660 | Moreover, the IL-12-based tumor vaccine induced expansion of tumor-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 309 | 12457978 | We constructed a recombinant virus MVA/EK5, which has a chimeric gene encoding for the extracellular domain of the HIV envelope protein fused to the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domain of the B5R protein of vaccinia virus. |
| 310 | 12462149 | Subsequent interaction of the envelope protein (Env) with the CD4 receptor causes conformational changes that enable Env to interact with a coreceptor, generally the chemokine receptors CCR5 or CXCR4. |
| 311 | 12469944 | Degradation of Q. saponins resulted in some reduction of their capacity to elicit IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes against the highly immunogenic envelope glycoprotein D (gD) from herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1). |
| 312 | 12486032 | We find that although 5-Helix binds poorly to native gp41, it binds strongly to gp41 activated by interaction of the envelope protein with either soluble CD4 or membrane-bound cellular receptors. |
| 313 | 12513927 | Animals received four injections of recombinant porcine IL-1 and IL-6, IL-12 alone, or CT alone within 1 week of intramuscular administration of a vaccine strain of PRRSV, Ingelvac MLV. |
| 314 | 12513927 | Second, animals that received CT adjuvant displayed a more robust antibody response to GP5, the major envelope glycoprotein. |
| 315 | 12513927 | It acts in part through the production of IL-1 in macrophages, but its effect was not replaced by combination treatment with IL-1 and IL-6. |
| 316 | 12519209 | SIV-specific immune responses, including IgG and IgA binding antibodies in sera and mucosal secretions, IgG and IgA secreting cells in peripheral blood, IgG neutralizing antibodies, T-cell proliferative responses, and interferon-gamma secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were evaluated pre- and post-surgery in macaques immunized with adenovirus-SIV recombinant vaccines and SIV envelope protein and in SIV-infected macaques. |
| 317 | 12525600 | Using intact envelope glycoprotein (Env) under fusogenic conditions, we show that the N-HR peptide preferentially binds receptor-activated Env and that CD4 binding is sufficient for triggering conformational changes that allow the peptide to bind Env, results similar to those seen with the C-HR peptide. |
| 318 | 12531355 | We observed that HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein immunization of peptide primed mice induces a cross-reactive cellular response, as detected by cytokine secretion, which lends to IFN-gamma production upon splenocyte stimulation and CTL activity against recombinant vaccinia virus infected cells after in vitro stimulation. |
| 319 | 12531355 | DNA immunization with mimotope, inclusion of a T-cell epitope from the HIV-1 envelope protein in the expression cassette and co-administration with IL-12 or GM-CSF encoding plasmids activate a cellular response to the HIV-1 envelope protein. |
| 320 | 12531355 | We observed that HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein immunization of peptide primed mice induces a cross-reactive cellular response, as detected by cytokine secretion, which lends to IFN-gamma production upon splenocyte stimulation and CTL activity against recombinant vaccinia virus infected cells after in vitro stimulation. |
| 321 | 12531355 | DNA immunization with mimotope, inclusion of a T-cell epitope from the HIV-1 envelope protein in the expression cassette and co-administration with IL-12 or GM-CSF encoding plasmids activate a cellular response to the HIV-1 envelope protein. |
| 322 | 12595891 | The envelope protein was correctly processed and functional, mediating syncytia formation of Ad7deltaE1deltaE3HIV(MN) env/rev-infected cells and CD4(+) T lymphocytes. |
| 323 | 12706709 | Dengue 2 PreM-E/LAMP chimera targeted to the MHC class II compartment elicits long-lasting neutralizing antibodies. |
| 324 | 12706709 | A dengue 2 plasmid DNA vaccine (pD2) expressing the pre-membrane and envelope proteins (preM-E) was modified by replacing the dengue transmembrane and cytoplasmic sequences with those of the mouse lysosome-associated membrane protein (pD2/LAMP). |
| 325 | 12706709 | Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy of human 293, NIH 3T3, and macrophage IC21 cell lines transfected with pD2/LAMP showed that the preM-E/LAMP protein chimera was present in vesicles containing endogenous LAMP and major histocompatability complex class II (MHC II), in contrast to the non-vesicular localization of native preM-E protein lacking the LAMP targeting sequence. |
| 326 | 12706709 | In contrast, vaccination with pD2/LAMP resulted in PRNT(50) of 270, 320 and 160 at approximately 1, 3 and 8 months after two immunizations with 50 microg DNA, and approached 100% neutralization at 1:20 dilution. |
| 327 | 12706709 | Additional immunization with pD2/LAMP, after 8 months, increased the neutralizing antibody titers to >640. |
| 328 | 12706709 | The neutralizing responses to the pD2/LAMP chimera were greatly superior to those elicited by pD2 in all conditions. |
| 329 | 12706709 | These results underscore the importance of MHC class II presentation of DNA-encoded dengue-virus envelope protein for production of neutralizing antibodies. |
| 330 | 12802503 | The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger was transformed with the hepatitis B virus S gene encoding the major viral envelope protein under control of the constitutive A. nidulans glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( gpdA) promoter. |
| 331 | 12960237 | Therapeutic agents that interfere with the binding of the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 to the CD4 receptor (e.g., PRO 542, PRO 2000, and CV-N) or the coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 (e.g., SCH-C and AMD3100) are briefly outlined in this review. |
| 332 | 14505091 | The envelope glycoprotein 2 (gp2) of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) has no known homologue in other herpesviruses with the exception of some equid alphaherpesviruses. |
| 333 | 14583622 | The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 induces a strong specific CTL response restricted by several human and murine MHC class I molecules, including H-2Dd. |
| 334 | 14614267 | The ORF5 gene encodes a major envelope glycoprotein (GP5), which is one of the three major proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). |
| 335 | 14614267 | The GP5 protein has been known to be a 24.5-26 kDa N-glycosylated envelope protein. |
| 336 | 14614267 | To produce the native form of GP5 in mammalian cells, we have cloned the ORF5 gene from PRRSV CNV-1 into the Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-based expression vector, resulting in recombinant pSFV-ORF5. |
| 337 | 14614267 | The ORF5 gene encodes a major envelope glycoprotein (GP5), which is one of the three major proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). |
| 338 | 14614267 | The GP5 protein has been known to be a 24.5-26 kDa N-glycosylated envelope protein. |
| 339 | 14614267 | To produce the native form of GP5 in mammalian cells, we have cloned the ORF5 gene from PRRSV CNV-1 into the Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-based expression vector, resulting in recombinant pSFV-ORF5. |
| 340 | 14628286 | Some novel approaches being taken include increasing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses, induction of immune responses in mucosal tissue surfaces, peptide-based vaccines, oligomeric envelope protein-based vaccine regimens, recombinant Tat protein vaccines, natural killer T-cell (NKT) ligand serving as adjuvant, and fusion of SIV gag with the extracellular domain of CTLA-4 as adjuvant. |
| 341 | 14688363 | IL-23 induces stronger sustained CTL and Th1 immune responses than IL-12 in hepatitis C virus envelope protein 2 DNA immunization. |
| 342 | 14688363 | In this study, we investigated whether IL-23 could influence envelope protein 2 (E2)-specific cell-mediated immunity induced by immunization of hepatitis C virus E2 DNA. |
| 343 | 14688363 | Interestingly, IL-23N220L, an N-glycosylation mutant showing reduced expression of excess p40 without changing the level of IL-23, exhibited a higher ratio of IFN-gamma- to IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cell frequency than did wild-type IL-23, suggesting a negative regulatory effect of p40 on Th1-prone immune response induced by IL-23. |
| 344 | 14688363 | IL-23 induces stronger sustained CTL and Th1 immune responses than IL-12 in hepatitis C virus envelope protein 2 DNA immunization. |
| 345 | 14688363 | In this study, we investigated whether IL-23 could influence envelope protein 2 (E2)-specific cell-mediated immunity induced by immunization of hepatitis C virus E2 DNA. |
| 346 | 14688363 | Interestingly, IL-23N220L, an N-glycosylation mutant showing reduced expression of excess p40 without changing the level of IL-23, exhibited a higher ratio of IFN-gamma- to IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cell frequency than did wild-type IL-23, suggesting a negative regulatory effect of p40 on Th1-prone immune response induced by IL-23. |
| 347 | 14689280 | The selected peptide was the so-called R9 mimotope, a synthetic surrogate derived from a consensus profile of many hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) sequences of the putative HCV envelope protein E2. |
| 348 | 14967493 | VLPs incorporated significant levels of mature gp120 envelope glycoprotein. |
| 349 | 15003872 | The potential of vaccine-elicited anti-HIV envelope antibodies to control HIV-infection was evaluated by immunizing macaques with the HIV envelope protein and transiently depleting them of their CD8+ cells before intravenous challenge with the pathogenic CCR5-tropic SIV/HIV chimeric virus, SHIV(SF162P4). |
| 350 | 15051384 | We have used an infectious cDNA clone of equine arteritis virus (EAV) and reverse genetics technology to further characterize the neutralization determinants in the GP5 envelope glycoprotein of the virus. |
| 351 | 15110403 | Recently, we reported the expression and production of different parts of p67 as fusions to either GFP or to the baculovirus GP64 envelope glycoprotein in insect cells, which resulted in stable proteins recognized by a monoclonal specific for native p67. |
| 352 | 15245749 | These include the demonstration that the gene encoding 2'-5'oligoadenylate synthetase is responsible for murine susceptibility to WN virus, the elucidation of the contributions of B, CD8(+) and gamma T cells in the control of murine WN virus infection, and the use of active immunization with envelope protein and passive transfer of immunoglobulin for immunotherapy. |
| 353 | 15326293 | Enhanced SIV replication and accelerated progression to AIDS in macaques primed to mount a CD4 T cell response to the SIV envelope protein. |
| 354 | 15326293 | Given the dual role of CD4 T cells as both immune effectors and targets for HIV infection, the balance of CD4 versus CD8 T cell-mediated responses induced by candidate AIDS vaccines may be critical in determining postvaccination infection outcomes. |
| 355 | 15326293 | Thus activation of virus-specific CD4 T cells at the time of exposure to a CD4 T cell-tropic lentivirus, in the absence of an effective CD8 response, may enhance virus replication and disease. |
| 356 | 15331695 | Compared to mice immunized with SHIV VLPs alone, mice coimmunized with SHIV VLPs and inactivated influenza virus showed significant increases in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA antibodies specific to the human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein, neutralizing activities, numbers of gamma interferon- and interleukin 4-secreting lymphocytes, and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activities. |
| 357 | 15368299 | As the human tetraspanin CD81 binds hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein E2, we addressed the role CD81 may play in cellular trafficking of HCV envelope proteins. |
| 358 | 15501985 | Recognition of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cells by CD4+ helper T lymphocytes specific for human T-cell leukemia virus type I envelope protein. |
| 359 | 15507315 | The ORFs-encoded major envelope glycoprotein (GP5) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the major structural proteins of this virus. |
| 360 | 15539149 | We identified a conserved caveolin-1 binding motif in the HIV-1 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein gp41 and designed several synthetic peptides, referred to as CBD1, corresponding to the consensus caveolin-1 binding domain in gp41. |
| 361 | 15544707 | Proteomics computational analyses indicate that the carboxyl terminal glycoprotein (Gc) encoded by Sandfly fever virus (SAN), a phlebovirus, has a significant amino acid sequence similarity with envelope protein 1 (E1), the class II fusion protein of Sindbis virus (SIN), an Alphavirus. |
| 362 | 15797474 | The envelope glycoprotein D of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1 gD) has been shown in laboratory animal models to elicit protective immune responses against EHV-1 challenge, and hence is a potential vaccine antigen. |
| 363 | 15817945 | The complex nature of HIV envelope glycoprotein that is inherently resistant to neutralization, the selective infection, progressive destruction and impaired regeneration of CD4+ T helper cells, generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutants, together with high genetic diversity with continually evolving HIV variants worldwide, makes design of an effective vaccine a formidable task. |
| 364 | 15821891 | We evaluated the immunological properties of a chimeric Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a plant virus engineered to express on its surface a synthetic peptide derived from many HVR1 sequences of the HCV envelope protein E2 (R9 mimotope). |
| 365 | 15821891 | Furthermore, in patients with chronic HCV infection, purified preparations of R9-CMV down-modulated the lymphocyte surface density of CD3 and CD8, and induced a significant release of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-12 p70 and IL-15 by lymphomonocyte cultures. |
| 366 | 15821891 | Finally, an R9 mimotope-specific CD8 T-cell response, as assessed by intracellular IFN-gamma production, was achieved in the majority of the patients studied. |
| 367 | 15853728 | The envelope protein of HIV-1, the sole target of neutralizing antibodies, is constantly changing due to mutations, B cell epitopes are masked by heavy glycosylation and the protein's structural unfolding upon binding to its CD4 receptor and chemokine co-receptors. |
| 368 | 15893666 | The binding surface on CD4 for the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein has been transplanted previously onto a scorpion-toxin scaffold. |
| 369 | 15963827 | A live attenuated vaccine-based PRV recombinant expressing the envelope protein GP5 of PRRSV was generated using recombinant DNA techniques. |
| 370 | 16195378 | CD4:Q425 engagement does not interfere with CD4:HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein binding, but it blocks subsequent steps required for viral entry. |
| 371 | 16248793 | HIV-1 cell entry is mediated by sequential interactions of the envelope protein gp120 with the receptor CD4 and a coreceptor, usually CCR5 or CXCR4, depending on the individual virion. |
| 372 | 16317673 | There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between peak viral loads and envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2)-specific antibody responses at the time of challenge. |
| 373 | 16317673 | Interestingly, one vaccinee that had sterilizing immunity against slightly heterologous virus generated the highest level of E2-specific total and neutralizing antibody responses as well as strong NS3/NS5-specific T-cell proliferative responses. |
| 374 | 16339892 | The major envelope protein of HCV (HCV-E2) binds, with high affinity CD81, a tetraspanin expressed on several cell types. |
| 375 | 16339892 | Here, we show that engagement of CD81 on human B cells by a combination of HCV-E2 and an anti-CD81 mAb triggers the JNK pathway and leads to the preferential proliferation of the naïve (CD27-) B cell subset. |
| 376 | 16425996 | Asymptomatic, antiretroviral-treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients with CD4(+) T-cell counts greater than 400/microl received multiple intramuscular injections of HIV-1 IIIB recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp160) vaccine or HIV-1 MN recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp120) vaccine (eight patients, referred to as the HIV-1 vaccinees) or placebo or hepatitis B vaccine (three patients, referred to as the controls). |
| 377 | 16425996 | In flow cytometric analyses of intracellular cytokines, T-cell receptor stimulation with an anti-CD3 antibody induced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) expression by activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes at greater frequencies than did stimulation with recombinant envelope glycoprotein and p24 of HIV-1 (P < 0.05). |
| 378 | 16425996 | Mean frequencies of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-stimulated, activated intra-cellular IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes and of interleukin-2-producing CD4(+) lymphocytes did not increase after vaccination, but cytokine-producing cells were detectable in some patients. |
| 379 | 16425996 | Comparing pre- to post-HIV-1 vaccination time points, changes in frequencies of activated, IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) cells correlated inversely with changes in lymphocyte proliferation in response to recombinant envelope glycoprotein in HIV-1 vaccinees (P < 0.05). |
| 380 | 16425996 | Asymptomatic, antiretroviral-treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients with CD4(+) T-cell counts greater than 400/microl received multiple intramuscular injections of HIV-1 IIIB recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp160) vaccine or HIV-1 MN recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp120) vaccine (eight patients, referred to as the HIV-1 vaccinees) or placebo or hepatitis B vaccine (three patients, referred to as the controls). |
| 381 | 16425996 | In flow cytometric analyses of intracellular cytokines, T-cell receptor stimulation with an anti-CD3 antibody induced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) expression by activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes at greater frequencies than did stimulation with recombinant envelope glycoprotein and p24 of HIV-1 (P < 0.05). |
| 382 | 16425996 | Mean frequencies of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-stimulated, activated intra-cellular IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes and of interleukin-2-producing CD4(+) lymphocytes did not increase after vaccination, but cytokine-producing cells were detectable in some patients. |
| 383 | 16425996 | Comparing pre- to post-HIV-1 vaccination time points, changes in frequencies of activated, IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) cells correlated inversely with changes in lymphocyte proliferation in response to recombinant envelope glycoprotein in HIV-1 vaccinees (P < 0.05). |
| 384 | 16425996 | Asymptomatic, antiretroviral-treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients with CD4(+) T-cell counts greater than 400/microl received multiple intramuscular injections of HIV-1 IIIB recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp160) vaccine or HIV-1 MN recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp120) vaccine (eight patients, referred to as the HIV-1 vaccinees) or placebo or hepatitis B vaccine (three patients, referred to as the controls). |
| 385 | 16425996 | In flow cytometric analyses of intracellular cytokines, T-cell receptor stimulation with an anti-CD3 antibody induced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) expression by activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes at greater frequencies than did stimulation with recombinant envelope glycoprotein and p24 of HIV-1 (P < 0.05). |
| 386 | 16425996 | Mean frequencies of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-stimulated, activated intra-cellular IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes and of interleukin-2-producing CD4(+) lymphocytes did not increase after vaccination, but cytokine-producing cells were detectable in some patients. |
| 387 | 16425996 | Comparing pre- to post-HIV-1 vaccination time points, changes in frequencies of activated, IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) cells correlated inversely with changes in lymphocyte proliferation in response to recombinant envelope glycoprotein in HIV-1 vaccinees (P < 0.05). |
| 388 | 16425996 | Asymptomatic, antiretroviral-treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients with CD4(+) T-cell counts greater than 400/microl received multiple intramuscular injections of HIV-1 IIIB recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp160) vaccine or HIV-1 MN recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp120) vaccine (eight patients, referred to as the HIV-1 vaccinees) or placebo or hepatitis B vaccine (three patients, referred to as the controls). |
| 389 | 16425996 | In flow cytometric analyses of intracellular cytokines, T-cell receptor stimulation with an anti-CD3 antibody induced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) expression by activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes at greater frequencies than did stimulation with recombinant envelope glycoprotein and p24 of HIV-1 (P < 0.05). |
| 390 | 16425996 | Mean frequencies of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-stimulated, activated intra-cellular IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes and of interleukin-2-producing CD4(+) lymphocytes did not increase after vaccination, but cytokine-producing cells were detectable in some patients. |
| 391 | 16425996 | Comparing pre- to post-HIV-1 vaccination time points, changes in frequencies of activated, IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) cells correlated inversely with changes in lymphocyte proliferation in response to recombinant envelope glycoprotein in HIV-1 vaccinees (P < 0.05). |
| 392 | 16426633 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry into cells is initiated by the binding of its envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp120 to receptor CD4. |
| 393 | 16437164 | To initiate infection, the HIV-1 external envelope glycoprotein, gp120, sequentially interacts with two cellular receptors, CD4 and a chemokine receptor (or coreceptor) like CCR5 or CXCR4. |
| 394 | 16437164 | The differential use of CCR5 and CXCR4 defines three HIV-1 biological variants (R5, R5X4, X4), which vary in their prevalence during the disease course. |
| 395 | 16473414 | The envelope glycoprotein D of EHV-1 (EHV-1 gD) is essential for virus infectivity and entry of virus into cells and is a potent inducer of virus-neutralizing antibody. |
| 396 | 16525729 | The ORF5-encoded major envelope glycoprotein (GP5) is one of the key immunogenic proteins of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and is the leading target for the development of the new generation of vaccines against PRRS. |
| 397 | 16552713 | The hepatitis C virus (HCV) binds to human cells through the interaction of its envelope glycoprotein E2 with the tetraspanin CD81. |
| 398 | 16552713 | We have previously reported that engagement of CD81 has opposite effects on T and NK cell function, as it enhances T cell receptor-mediated T cell activation and inhibits CD16- or IL-12-mediated NK cell activation. |
| 399 | 16552713 | We further investigated this dichotomy and found that another tetraspanin, CD82, induces the same opposing effects on human primary T and NK cells. |
| 400 | 16552713 | Activation by other unrelated stimuli such as NKG2D- and beta-1 integrin is also reduced by CD81 ligation on NK cells. |
| 401 | 16571816 | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) glycoprotein 5 (GP5) is the most abundant envelope glycoprotein and a major inducer of neutralizing antibodies in vivo. |
| 402 | 16734977 | We recently identified a conserved caveolin-1 binding motif, WNNMTWMQW, in the ectodomain of HIV-1 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein gp41. |
| 403 | 16734977 | We designed the synthetic CBD1 peptide SLEQIWNNMTWMQWDK, corresponding to the consensus caveolin-1 binding domain (CBD) in gp41, and showed that it elicits in rabbits the production of antibodies that inhibit infection of primary CD4(+) T lymphocytes by various primary HIV-1 isolates. |
| 404 | 16734977 | Although a conserved and highly homologous caveolin-1 binding motif is present in the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein of different HIV-2 isolates, anti-CBD1 immune sera do not inhibit HIV-2 infection. |
| 405 | 16734977 | We recently identified a conserved caveolin-1 binding motif, WNNMTWMQW, in the ectodomain of HIV-1 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein gp41. |
| 406 | 16734977 | We designed the synthetic CBD1 peptide SLEQIWNNMTWMQWDK, corresponding to the consensus caveolin-1 binding domain (CBD) in gp41, and showed that it elicits in rabbits the production of antibodies that inhibit infection of primary CD4(+) T lymphocytes by various primary HIV-1 isolates. |
| 407 | 16734977 | Although a conserved and highly homologous caveolin-1 binding motif is present in the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein of different HIV-2 isolates, anti-CBD1 immune sera do not inhibit HIV-2 infection. |
| 408 | 16763729 | The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence encoding the GP5 envelope glycoprotein and the nucleocapsid protein coding sequences (ORF5 and ORF7, respectively) showed a close genetic relationship between the new outbreak-related and one of the vaccine viruses, while the prevailing PRRS virus genetic variants disappeared from the farm. |
| 409 | 16849460 | DNA vaccines encoding heat shock protein (hsp)-capturing, chimeric peptides containing antigenic determinants of the tumor-associated Ag (TAA) gp70 (an envelope protein of endogenous retrovirus) primed stable, specific, and tumor-protective CD8 T cell immunity. |
| 410 | 16849460 | A vaccination strategy based on delivering antigenic, hsp-associated TAA fragments can thus prime protective CD8 T cell immunity even if these TAA are of low intrinsic immunogenicity. |
| 411 | 16921881 | One hundred and ninety-one sera from horses that recently were exposed to West Nile virus (WNV) by either vaccination or natural infection or that were not vaccinated and remained free of infection were used to evaluate fluorescent microsphere immunoassays (MIAs) incorporating recombinant WNV envelope protein (rE) and recombinant nonstructural proteins (rNS1, rNS3, and rNS5) for detection of equine antibodies to WNV. |
| 412 | 16921881 | The NS protein-based MIA were all less sensitive than either the rE MIA or PRNT (sensitivity 0-48.0), although the rNSI MIA distinguished horses vaccinated with the recombinant WNV vaccine from those that were immunized with the inactivated WNV vaccine (P < 0.0001) or naturally infected with WNV (P < 0.0001). |
| 413 | 16941345 | Two epitopes (comprising amino acids 352-368 and 386-397) of domain BIII of the envelope glycoprotein were chosen to produce recombinant B19 VLPs for immunization of BALB/c mice. |
| 414 | 16941345 | Serum samples from immunized mice revealed that recombinant B19 VLPs elicited strong humoral immune responses. |
| 415 | 16941345 | In summary, this B19 VLP-vaccine platform produced high (> or =2.0 x 10(5)) anti-dengue 2 titers and robust (< or =1 120) 50%-plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT(50)) titers, which effectively neutralized live dengue 2 virus in PRNT(50) assays. |
| 416 | 16996661 | In this study aimed at developing a vaccine for humans, West Nile virus (WNV) envelope protein (E) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) were produced in the Drosophila S2 cell expression system. |
| 417 | 16996661 | The proteins were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) using monoclonal antibodies that were flavivirus envelope protein group specific (for the 80E) or flavivirus NS1 group specific (for NS1). |
| 418 | 16996661 | Splenocytes from immunized mice, cultured in vitro with the vaccine antigens as stimulants, showed excellent proliferation and production of cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10). |
| 419 | 16996661 | In this study aimed at developing a vaccine for humans, West Nile virus (WNV) envelope protein (E) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) were produced in the Drosophila S2 cell expression system. |
| 420 | 16996661 | The proteins were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) using monoclonal antibodies that were flavivirus envelope protein group specific (for the 80E) or flavivirus NS1 group specific (for NS1). |
| 421 | 16996661 | Splenocytes from immunized mice, cultured in vitro with the vaccine antigens as stimulants, showed excellent proliferation and production of cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10). |
| 422 | 17067727 | Groups of hamsters were immunized subcutaneously with a WNV recombinant envelope protein (80E) with or without WNV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) mixed with adjuvant or adjuvant alone. |
| 423 | 17346134 | To determine if the anti-HIV-1 Gag(p55) immune interference was specific to HIV-1 Env(gp120), mice were co-immunized with plasmids expressing the surface envelope protein from two additional lentiviruses, Env(gp130)-SIV or Env(gp90)-EIAV, or a soluble form of hemagglutinin (sHA) from influenza virus and HIV-1 Gag(p55)- or SIV Gag(p55)-DNA. |
| 424 | 17609282 | Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 requires interactions between the envelope glycoprotein (Env) on the virus and CD4 and a chemokine receptor, either CCR5 or CXCR4, on the cell surface. |
| 425 | 17609282 | The V3 loop of the HIV gp120 glycoprotein plays a critical role in this process, determining tropism for CCR5- or CXCR4-expressing cells, but details of how V3 interacts with these receptors have not been defined. |
| 426 | 17609282 | V3-deleted Envs exhibited tropism for both CCR5- and CXCR4-expressing cells, suggesting that domains on the gp120 core were mediating interactions with determinants shared by both coreceptors. |
| 427 | 17609282 | Remarkably, HIV-2 Envs with V3 deletions became resistant to small-molecule inhibitors of CCR5 and CXCR4, suggesting that these drugs inhibit wild-type viruses by disrupting a specific V3 interaction with the coreceptor. |
| 428 | 17698647 | Here, the energetic epitope of antibody mAb4E11, which neutralizes the four serotypes of DENV but no other flavivirus, and binds domain 3 (ED3) of their envelope glycoprotein, was characterized. |
| 429 | 17913250 | The major envelope protein, GP5, exposes outside the virion, induces neutralizing antibodies, and thus is a primary target for developing a subunit vaccine. |
| 430 | 18162176 | Furthermore, Salp15 prevents syncytia formation between HL2/3 (a stable HeLa cell line expressing the envelope protein) and CD4-expressing cells. |
| 431 | 18184085 | Monoclonal antibodies specific for the conserved CD4 binding site region of the HIV envelope protein gp120 were used to select phage from two different random peptide display libraries. |
| 432 | 18242797 | Finally, in order to study the envelope glycoprotein effects on pathogenesis, we have used an in vitro model of co-culture of envelope-expressing cells as effectors and CD4+ T cells as targets. |
| 433 | 18242797 | The apoptotic pathway initiated by this interaction involves caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial depolarization and reactive oxygen species production, which depends on the phenotype of the envelope glycoprotein associated with the virus. |
| 434 | 18242797 | Finally, in order to study the envelope glycoprotein effects on pathogenesis, we have used an in vitro model of co-culture of envelope-expressing cells as effectors and CD4+ T cells as targets. |
| 435 | 18242797 | The apoptotic pathway initiated by this interaction involves caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial depolarization and reactive oxygen species production, which depends on the phenotype of the envelope glycoprotein associated with the virus. |
| 436 | 18390744 | We previously demonstrated that HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env), delivered in the form of a vaccine and expressed by dendritic cells or 293T cells, could suppress Ag-stimulated CD4(+) T cell proliferation. |
| 437 | 18390744 | Recently, CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells were found to inhibit protective anti-HIV CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 438 | 18390744 | Depletion of CD25(+) Treg cells from PBMC did not overcome the Env-induced suppression of CD4(+) T cell proliferation, demonstrating that CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Treg cells are not involved in Env-induced suppression of CD4(+) T cell proliferation. |
| 439 | 18449216 | Membrane-anchored C-peptides (for example, maC46) derived from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp41 effectively inhibit HIV-1 entry in cell lines and primary human CD4+ cells in vitro. |
| 440 | 18449216 | Depletion of CD8+ T cells from PBMCs enhanced the yield of maC46-transduced CD4+ T cells. |
| 441 | 18449216 | Supplementation with interleukin-2 (IL-2) increased transduction efficiency, whereas IL-7 and/or IL-15 provided no additional benefit. |
| 442 | 18449216 | Phenotypic analysis showed that maC46-transduced and expanded cells were predominantly central memory CD4+ T cells that expressed low levels of CCR5 and slightly elevated levels of CD62L, beta7-integrin and CXCR4. |
| 443 | 18519142 | Targeted deletion in the beta20-beta21 loop of HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 exposes the CD4 binding site for antibody binding. |
| 444 | 18566382 | Coligation of the hepatitis C virus receptor CD81 with CD28 primes naive T lymphocytes to acquire type 2 effector function. |
| 445 | 18566382 | In this study, we describe for the first time that coligation of the tetraspanins CD81, CD82, or CD9 with the costimulatory molecule CD28 in vitro leads to proliferation of naive T cells. |
| 446 | 18566382 | When activated through this pathway, both CD4+ and CD8+ naive T cells differentiate into type 2 effector cells, which produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10, together with IL-2 and TNF-alpha, but little to no IFN-gamma. |
| 447 | 18566382 | These effector cells descend from precursors that display early and strong production of IL-4, STAT6 phosphorylation, and up-regulation of the transcription factor GATA-3, suggesting a direct skewing toward Th2 differentiation without a Th0 intermediate. |
| 448 | 18566382 | The hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 is the only ligand known for CD81. |
| 449 | 18594881 | The HIV-1 gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein undergoes a series of conformational rearrangements while sequentially interacting with the receptor CD4 and the coreceptor CCR5 or CXCR4 on the surface of host cells to initiate virus entry. |
| 450 | 18833294 | The surface HIV-1 exterior envelope glycoprotein, gp120, binds to CD4 on the target cell surface to induce the co-receptor binding site on gp120 as the initial step in the entry process. |
| 451 | 18833294 | In this study, we investigate the requirements for elicitation of co-receptor binding site antibodies by inoculating rabbits, monkeys and human-CD4 transgenic (huCD4) rabbits with envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers possessing high affinity for primate CD4. |
| 452 | 18833294 | The surface HIV-1 exterior envelope glycoprotein, gp120, binds to CD4 on the target cell surface to induce the co-receptor binding site on gp120 as the initial step in the entry process. |
| 453 | 18833294 | In this study, we investigate the requirements for elicitation of co-receptor binding site antibodies by inoculating rabbits, monkeys and human-CD4 transgenic (huCD4) rabbits with envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers possessing high affinity for primate CD4. |
| 454 | 19052311 | Groups of aged (12 month old), weanling, and adult hamsters rendered leukopenic after immunization were immunized subcutaneously with a WN virus recombinant envelope protein (WN-80E) with or without WN virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) mixed with adjuvant or adjuvant alone. |
| 455 | 19406162 | In this study, one recombinant baculovirus BacSC-NS3 expressing histidine-tagged NS3 with the transmembrane domain (TM) and cytoplasmic domain (CTD) derived from baculovirus envelope protein gp64 of baculovirus was constructed. |
| 456 | 19464543 | The CBD1 peptide (SLEQIWNNMTWMQWDK), corresponding to the consensus caveolin-1 binding domain in HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41 (CBD1), elicits the production of antibodies that inhibit infection of primary CD4(+) T lymphocytes by various primary HIV-1 isolates. |
| 457 | 19478876 | The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exterior envelope glycoprotein, gp120, possesses conserved binding sites for interaction with the primary virus receptor, CD4, and also for the co-receptor, generally CCR5. |
| 458 | 19501621 | Cloning and expression of a truncated form of envelope glycoprotein D of Bovine herpesvirus type 5 in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. |
| 459 | 19519394 | Sulfated residues have been recently found in glycoproteins, as GlcNAc or Mannose in N-glycosidic chains of different sources: gp120 of HIV, the envelope glycoprotein of influenza virus, the cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi. |
| 460 | 19671144 | The method described here can also apply to produce capsid/envelope protein complexes or VLPs of other disease-causing viruses. |
| 461 | 19955308 | Influence of novel CD4 binding-defective HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein immunogens on neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses in nonhuman primates. |
| 462 | 19955308 | The high-affinity in vivo interaction between soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) immunogens and primate CD4 results in conformational changes that alter the immunogenicity of the gp120 subunit. |
| 463 | 19955308 | Influence of novel CD4 binding-defective HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein immunogens on neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses in nonhuman primates. |
| 464 | 19955308 | The high-affinity in vivo interaction between soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) immunogens and primate CD4 results in conformational changes that alter the immunogenicity of the gp120 subunit. |
| 465 | 20191435 | Tecovirimat, a p37 envelope protein inhibitor for the treatment of smallpox infection. |
| 466 | 20212098 | A DNA plasmid was constructed encoding an SCT incorporating the human MHC class I molecule HLA-A2 and the immunodominant peptide SVG9 derived from the envelope protein of West Nile virus (WNV). |
| 467 | 20212098 | Inclusion of a CD4(+) Th cell epitope within the SCT did not increase the frequency of SVG9-specific CD8(+) T cells, but did enhance protection against WNV challenge. |
| 468 | 20400507 | We describe here a new, family-specific approach to obtain the largest possible diversity of related VHH that compete with soluble CD4 for binding to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. |
| 469 | 20444898 | We have shown that following priming with replicating adenovirus type 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr)-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) recombinants, boosting with gp140 envelope protein enhances acute-phase protection against intravenous simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)(89.6P) challenge compared to results with priming and no boosting or boosting with an HIV polypeptide representing the CD4 binding site of gp120. |
| 470 | 20447422 | The third MAb, 17A3, was reported originally in the same article to be EBOV GP specific has now been found to be specific for bovine and human alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha-2M) proteins which were contaminants in the Ebola envelope protein preparation. |
| 471 | 20558728 | The outer domain (OD) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 is an important target for vaccine design as it contains a number of conserved epitopes, including a large fraction of the CD4 binding site. |
| 472 | 20573816 | While previous work suggests that HCMV envelope glycoprotein B is responsible for initiating this reaction, the signaling pathways stimulated by virus infection that lead to IRF3 phosphorylation have largely been uncharacterized. |
| 473 | 20610729 | We recently reported that rhesus macaques inoculated with CD4-binding-competent and CD4-binding-defective soluble YU2-derived HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers in adjuvant generate comparable levels of Env-specific binding antibodies (Abs) and T cell responses. |
| 474 | 20616231 | During HIV-1 infection, antibodies are generated against the region of the viral gp120 envelope glycoprotein that binds CD4, the primary receptor for HIV-1. |
| 475 | 20622876 | Binding of the third variable region (V3) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 to the cell-surface coreceptors CCR5 or CXCR4 during viral entry suggests that there are conserved structural elements in this sequence-variable region. |
| 476 | 20660185 | The binding reaction of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein to the CD4 receptor involves exceptional changes in enthalpy and entropy. |
| 477 | 20709110 | We have previously identified and characterized a human engineered antibody domain (eAd), m36, which exhibits potent broadly neutralizing activity against HIV-1 by targeting a highly conserved CD4 binding-induced (CD4i) structure on the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp120. m36 has very small size (∼15kDa) but is highly specific and is likely to be safe in long-term use thus representing a novel class of potentially promising HIV-1 inhibitors. |
| 478 | 20709110 | We next fused m36 and its mutants with the first two domains (soluble CD4, sCD4) of the human CD4 using a polypeptide linker. |
| 479 | 20832836 | Previous crystallographic studies have identified a total of 11 DENV-2 envelope protein domain III (ED3) residues (K305, F306, K307, V308, V309, K310, I312, Q325, P364, K388, and N390) that interacted, through both side- and main-chain contacts, with the Fab of a dengue virus (DENV) subcomplex-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1A1D-2 (Lok et al., 2008). |
| 480 | 21106739 | We successfully recovered recombinant IBDVs expressing c-Myc and two different virus-neutralizing epitopes of human hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein E in the VP5 region. |
| 481 | 21142950 | Introduction of attenuating mutations into the TBEV envelope protein gene, as well as the DEN4 NS5 protein gene and 3' noncoding region in the chimeric genome, results in decreased neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness in mice, and restricted replication in mouse brain. |
| 482 | 21147937 | Hsp110-mediated enhancement of CD4+ T cell responses to the envelope glycoprotein of members of the family Flaviviridae in vitro does not occur in vivo. |
| 483 | 21175251 | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 gene encoding an envelope glycoprotein involved in humoral immunity is the most variable protein-coding gene of PRRSV. |
| 484 | 21216868 | We investigated the induction and evolution of CD8(+) T cell responses to a WNV envelope epitope, which is a dominant target in naturally infected HLA-A*02-positive individuals. |
| 485 | 21216868 | In the majority of donors, CD8(+) T cells were able to lyse targets expressing WNV envelope protein and produced macrophage inflammatory protein 1ß, interferon γ, and/or tumor necrosis factor α following envelope peptide stimulation. |
| 486 | 21515681 | A chimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer with an embedded granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) domain induces enhanced antibody and T cell responses. |
| 487 | 21515681 | A stabilized Env trimer was therefore engineered with the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inserted into the V1V2 domain of gp120. |
| 488 | 21625584 | Induction of HIV neutralizing antibodies against the MPER of the HIV envelope protein by HA/gp41 chimeric protein-based DNA and VLP vaccines. |
| 489 | 21651946 | In this study we propose that M2 protein can be used as a molecular fabricator without disrupting the assembly of VLPs and while retaining the native structures of HA and NA envelope protein oligomers on the particle surfaces. |
| 490 | 21715490 | In contrast to the interaction of CD4 or the CD4bs monoclonal antibody (MAb) b12 with the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env), occlusion of the VRC01 epitope by quaternary constraints was not a major factor limiting neutralization. |
| 491 | 21779317 | Two DNA vaccines were constructed encoding the ectodomain (domains I, II and III) of the DENV2 envelope protein (pE1D2) or only its domain III (pE2D2), fused to the human tissue plasminogen activator signal peptide (t-PA). |
| 492 | 21793437 | In the current study, we have succeeded in construction of one recombinant baculovirus BacSC-VP2 expressing His6-tagged VP2 with the baculovirus envelope protein gp64 transmembrane domain (TM) and cytoplasmic domain (CTD). |
| 493 | 21810533 | An epitope conserved in orthopoxvirus A13 envelope protein is the target of neutralizing and protective antibodies. |
| 494 | 21841784 | Here we show that RSV interacts with host-cell nucleolin via the viral fusion envelope glycoprotein and binds specifically to nucleolin at the apical cell surface in vitro. |
| 495 | 21890164 | A chimeric measles virus with a lentiviral envelope replicates exclusively in CD4+/CCR5+ cells. |
| 496 | 21890164 | The presence of SIV gp160 as the only envelope protein on chimeric particles surface altered the cell tropism of the new virus from CD46+ to CD4+ cells. |
| 497 | 22067741 | Yeast-surface expressed BVDV E2 protein induces a Th1/Th2 response in naïve T cells. |
| 498 | 22067741 | S. cerevisiae activates the innate immune system by engaging pattern recognition receptors such as toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and dectin-1. |
| 499 | 22067741 | Additionally, bovine macrophages primed with S. cerevisiae expressing viral envelope proteins had a greater capacity for stimulating proliferation of CD4+ T-cells from BVDV-free animals compared to macrophages primed with envelope protein alone or S. cerevisiae without envelope protein expression. |
| 500 | 22067741 | Additionally, heat-inactivation of recombinant S. cerevisiae induced less INFγ and IL-4 but equal amounts of IL-10 compared to live yeast T-cell cultures. |
| 501 | 22138484 | Vaccinia virus F13L encodes the envelope protein p37, which is the target of the anti-pox virus drug ST-246 (Yang et al., 2005) and that is required for production of extracellular vaccinia virus. |
| 502 | 22291921 | Elicitation of neutralizing antibodies directed against CD4-induced epitope(s) using a CD4 mimetic cross-linked to a HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. |
| 503 | 22291921 | A CD4-mimetic miniprotein, miniCD4 (M64U1-SH), was produced and covalently complexed to recombinant, trimeric gp140 envelope glycoprotein (gp140) using site-specific disulfide linkages. |
| 504 | 22291921 | Elicitation of neutralizing antibodies directed against CD4-induced epitope(s) using a CD4 mimetic cross-linked to a HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. |
| 505 | 22291921 | A CD4-mimetic miniprotein, miniCD4 (M64U1-SH), was produced and covalently complexed to recombinant, trimeric gp140 envelope glycoprotein (gp140) using site-specific disulfide linkages. |
| 506 | 22492964 | Conserved B-cell epitopes overlapping the CD81 receptor-binding site (CD81bs) on the E2 viral envelope glycoprotein have been reported previously and provide promising vaccine targets. |
| 507 | 22532690 | Egress of wrapped virus (WV) to the cell periphery following vaccinia virus (VACV) replication is dependent on interactions with the microtubule motor complex kinesin-1 and is mediated by the viral envelope protein A36. |
| 508 | 22578851 | Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) envelope protein U(L)49.5 inhibits transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and down-regulates cell-surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to promote immune evasion. |
| 509 | 22674985 | Normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to derive HIV-infected CD4(+) T cell targets and autologous, freshly isolated, natural killer (NK) cells in a novel assay that measures granzyme B (GrB) and HIV-1-infected CD4(+) T cell elimination (ICE) by flow cytometry. |
| 510 | 22674985 | We observed that complex sera mediated greater levels of ADCC than anti-HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env)-specific monoclonal antibodies and serum-mediated ADCC correlated with the amount of IgG and IgG1 bound to HIV-1-infected CD4(+) T cells. |
| 511 | 22745174 | A large number of anti-HIV-1 antibodies targeting the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) on the envelope glycoprotein gp120 have recently been reported. |
| 512 | 22826297 | Broad neutralization by a combination of antibodies recognizing the CD4 binding site and a new conformational epitope on the HIV-1 envelope protein. |
| 513 | 22906742 | Fusion proteins of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 with CD4-induced antibodies showed enhanced binding to CD4 and CD4 binding site antibodies. |
| 514 | 22927442 | Our mutagenesis analyses of HCV pseudoparticles and cell culture-derived HCV using the H77 isolate indicate that five residues at positions 14, 15, and 25-27 mediate binding of the E2 protein to the scavenger receptor class B, type I receptor, and any residue herein is indispensable for HCV cell entry. |
| 515 | 22927442 | Residues at positions 1-13 are also dispensable for HCV entry, but they can affect HCV infectivity by modulating binding of the envelope protein to scavenger receptor class B, type I. |
| 516 | 22993159 | The E2 envelope glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) binds to the host entry factor CD81 and is the principal target for neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). |
| 517 | 22993408 | Four of them bound to the envelope protein, three of them bound to nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), and one bound to precursor membrane protein (prM), as shown by Western blot analysis. |
| 518 | 23025271 | This study reports small molecule inhibitors of envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2 glycoprotein) which are predicted based on Chikungunya virus-host interactions. |
| 519 | 23058982 | Two DNA vaccines encoding the envelope protein GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) alone (pEGFP-GP5) and co-encoding GP5 and swine interleukin-18 (IL-18) proteins (pEGFP-IL18-GP5), were constructed and comparatively evaluated for their abilities to induce humoral and cellular responses in piglets. |
| 520 | 23058982 | Moreover, the piglets inoculated with pEGFP-IL18-GP5 developed significantly higher IFN-γ production response, significantly increased percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes and significantly higher specific T-lymphocyte proliferation response than the pEGFP-GP5 inoculated pigs (P<0.05). |
| 521 | 23058982 | Therefore, in order to develop a new type vaccine for PRRS prevention and control, co-encoding of GP5 and IL-18 proteins may be a good choice. |
| 522 | 23116484 | 'Pei chiao' (AAA) have been transformed with the ORF5 gene of PRRSV envelope glycoprotein (GP5) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and have been confirmed. |
| 523 | 23202458 | Arenaviruses are comprised of two RNA genome segments and four proteins, the polymerase L, the envelope glycoprotein GP, the matrix protein Z, and the nucleoprotein NP. |
| 524 | 23202458 | A crucial step in the arenavirus life-cycle is the biosynthesis and maturation of the GP precursor (GPC) by cellular signal peptidases and the cellular enzyme Subtilisin Kexin Isozyme-1 (SKI-1)/Site-1 Protease (S1P) yielding a tripartite mature GP complex formed by GP1/GP2 and a stable signal peptide (SSP). |
| 525 | 23202458 | GPC cleavage by SKI-1/S1P is crucial for fusion competence and incorporation of mature GP into nascent budding virion particles. |
| 526 | 23236069 | The outer domain of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein contains the epitope for broadly neutralizing antibodies directed to the CD4-binding site, many of which are able to neutralize over 90% of circulating HIV-1 isolates. |
| 527 | 23325679 | Antibodies to gp120 and PD-1 expression on virus-specific CD8+ T cells in protection from simian AIDS. |
| 528 | 23325679 | We compared the relative efficacies against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge of three vaccine regimens that elicited similar frequencies of SIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses but differed in the level of antibody responses to the gp120 envelope protein. |
| 529 | 23325679 | Mamu-A*01 macaques of this third group exhibited persistent Gag CD8(+)CM9(+) effector memory T cells with low expression of surface Programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor and high levels of expression of genes associated with major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and MHC-II antigen. |
| 530 | 23325679 | The fact that control of SIV replication was associated with both high titers of antibodies to the SIV envelope protein and durable effector SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells suggests the hypothesis that the presence of antibodies at the time of challenge may increase innate immune recruiting activity by enhancing antigen uptake and may result in improvement of the quality and potency of secondary SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. |
| 531 | 23325679 | Antibodies to gp120 and PD-1 expression on virus-specific CD8+ T cells in protection from simian AIDS. |
| 532 | 23325679 | We compared the relative efficacies against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge of three vaccine regimens that elicited similar frequencies of SIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses but differed in the level of antibody responses to the gp120 envelope protein. |
| 533 | 23325679 | Mamu-A*01 macaques of this third group exhibited persistent Gag CD8(+)CM9(+) effector memory T cells with low expression of surface Programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor and high levels of expression of genes associated with major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and MHC-II antigen. |
| 534 | 23325679 | The fact that control of SIV replication was associated with both high titers of antibodies to the SIV envelope protein and durable effector SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells suggests the hypothesis that the presence of antibodies at the time of challenge may increase innate immune recruiting activity by enhancing antigen uptake and may result in improvement of the quality and potency of secondary SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. |
| 535 | 23479674 | Domain III (ED3) of the viral envelope protein interacts with cell receptors and contains epitopes recognized by virus neutralizing antibodies. |
| 536 | 23521528 | We have engineered a nononcogenic mutated E7-specific plasmo-retroVLP vaccine (pVLP-E7), consisting of plasmid DNA, that is able to form recombinant retrovirus-based virus-like particles (VLPs) that display E7 antigen into murine leukemia virus Gag proteins pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein (VSV-G). pVLP-E7 vaccinations were studied for their ability to generate specific immune responses and for induction of protective immunity against tumor cell challenge in preventive and therapeutic models. |
| 537 | 23521528 | Intradermic vaccinations of mice with pVLP-E7 show their efficacy to generate antigen-specific T cell responses, to prevent and protect animals from early TC-1 tumor development compared with standard DNA or VLP immunizations. |
| 538 | 23521528 | Data show that pVLP-E7 vaccination can cure mice with already established tumors only when combined with Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7) and TLR9 agonists. |
| 539 | 23530120 | Neutralizing antibodies against the evolutionarily conserved CD4-binding site (CD4-BS) on the HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) are capable of inhibiting infection of diverse HIV strains, and have been isolated from HIV-infected individuals. |
| 540 | 23552890 | The mature antibody, CH103, neutralized approximately 55% of HIV-1 isolates, and its co-crystal structure with the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 revealed a new loop-based mechanism of CD4-binding-site recognition. |
| 541 | 23578707 | A novel PRRSV ORF5a protein, encoded in an open reading frame (ORF) that overlaps the major envelope glycoprotein GP5 ORF, was recently identified. |
| 542 | 23617954 | CD16-RIgE is a chimeric human membrane glycoprotein consisting of the CD16 ectodomain fused to the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail of the gamma chain of the high affinity receptor of IgE (RIgE). |
| 543 | 23617954 | Taking advantage of this property, we replaced the CD16 ectodomain of CD16-RIgE by the envelope glycoprotein domain III (DIII) of dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV1) or West Nile virus Kunjin (WNVKun). |
| 544 | 23617954 | Although the neutralization response was modest, our data confirmed the capability of DIII to induce a flavivirus neutralization response, and suggested that our VLP-displayed CD16-RIgE-based platform could be developed as a vaccine vector against different flaviviruses and other viral pathogens. |
| 545 | 23650891 | In this study, the 603 bp complete major envelope protein encoding gene (ORF5) of 32 field PRRSV isolates from Vietnam collected during 2008-2012 were sequenced and analyzed. |
| 546 | 23707685 | The interface between the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein and the CD4 receptor contains an unusual interfacial cavity, the "Phe43 cavity", which CD4-mimetic miniproteins with nonnatural extensions can potentially utilize to enhance their neutralization of HIV-1. |
| 547 | 23951135 | With this purpose in mind, we tested two bicistronic DNA vaccines (pIRES I and pIRES II) that encode the HPV-16 oncoprotein E7 and the HIV protein p24 both genetically fused to the HSV-1 gD envelope protein. |
| 548 | 23973247 | During the export of dengue virus particles, furin-mediated cleavage of the prM envelope protein is usually incomplete, thus generating a mixture of immature, partially mature and mature extracellular particles. |
| 549 | 24084290 | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5a protein is encoded in an alternate open reading frame upstream of the major envelope glycoprotein (GP5) in subgenomic mRNA5. |
| 550 | 24098493 | We show that a mixture of these codon-optimized ubiquitinated and non-ubiquitinated constructs encoding the same viral envelope protein, glycoprotein D, induced both B and T cell responses, and could protect against lethal viral challenge and reduce ganglionic latency. |
| 551 | 24145401 | TNC bound the HIV-1 Envelope protein at a site that is induced upon engagement of its primary receptor, CD4, and is blocked by V3 loop- (19B and F39F) and chemokine coreceptor binding site-directed (17B) monoclonal antibodies. |
| 552 | 24179159 | HIV-1 entry into CD4(+) target cells is mediated by cleaved envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers that have been challenging to characterize structurally. |
| 553 | 24307588 | Using a primary cell-based coculture model, we show that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) efficiently transmit a high-multiplicity HIV-1 infection to autologous CD4(+) T cells through a viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) receptor- and actin-dependent virological synapse (VS), facilitated by interactions between ICAM-1 and LFA-1. |
| 554 | 24309114 | Bovine alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein functions as a booster antigen for efficiently stimulating humoral immune responses to CCR5 and SIVmac239 envelope glycoprotein. |
| 555 | 24309114 | Here, we design an immunogen that can induce Abs against CCR5 and SIVmac239 ENV simultaneously and show that bovine alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (bAHSG) functions as a booster antigen for efficiently stimulating humoral immune responses to CCR5 and ENV. |
| 556 | 24349306 | Mice were vaccinated with an adenoviral vector which encodes and displays the Friend Virus (FV) surface envelope protein gp70 (Ad.pIXgp70) in combination with adenoviral vectors encoding the interleukins IL4, IL5, IL6, IL7 or IL23. |
| 557 | 24349306 | Mice co-immunized with adenoviral vectors encoding IL5 or IL23 showed increased neutralizing antibody responses while mice co-immunized with Ad.IL6 or Ad.IL23 showed improved FV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses compared to mice immunized with Ad.pIXgp70 alone. |
| 558 | 24379275 | Moreover, due to affinity of VSV envelope glycoprotein to the LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor, VSV is effective at targeting a variety of tissues in vivo. |
| 559 | 24489681 | Crystal structures of HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein in complex with NBD analogues that target the CD4-binding site. |
| 560 | 24553139 | Structure of the core ectodomain of the hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein 2. |
| 561 | 24553139 | E2 binds to the host cell through interactions with scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and CD81, and serves as a target for neutralizing antibodies. |
| 562 | 24657807 | This study explores the utility of polymeric penetration enhancers to promote trans-mucosal bioavailability of insulin, as a biomarker of mucosal absorption, and two vaccine candidates: recombinant HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (CN54gp140) and tetanus toxoid (TT). |
| 563 | 24855352 | The PAs were based on epitopes gB409-505 and gD301-309, selected from HSV envelope glycoprotein B (gB) and glycoprotein D (gD), that had their N-terminus modified with hydrophobic moieties containing two C18 hydrocarbon chains. |
| 564 | 24855352 | In particular, interleukin (IL)-23-, IL-6-, IL-8- or macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2-, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-release increased considerably when cells were treated with the gB-micelles or gD-micelles compared with the production of the same cytokines when the stimulus was the single gB or gD peptide. |
| 565 | 24920818 | Comprehensive analysis of contributions from protein conformational stability and major histocompatibility complex class II-peptide binding affinity to CD4+ epitope immunogenicity in HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. |
| 566 | 24950171 | We applied this method to the envelope protein domain III (ED3) of two medically important flaviviruses: West Nile and dengue 2. |
| 567 | 25001301 | Mechanism studies indicated that they act as CD4 agonists, a potentially unfavorable therapeutic trait, in that they can bind to the gp120 envelope glycoprotein and initiate a similar physiological response as CD4. |
| 568 | 25014350 | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) glycoprotein 5 (GP5) is the most abundant envelope glycoprotein and a key target for neutralizing antibodies. |
| 569 | 25155369 | The transmembrane (TM) domain of gp41 not only anchors the envelope glycoprotein complex in the viral membrane but also dynamically affects the interactions of the MPR with the membrane. |
| 570 | 25166308 | Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) isolated from chronically HIV-1 infected individuals reveal important information regarding how antibodies target conserved determinants of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) spike such as the primary receptor CD4 binding site (CD4bs). |
| 571 | 25211639 | A fusion DNA vaccine encoding middle version of HBV envelope protein fused to interleukin-21 did not enhance HBV-specific immune response in mice. |
| 572 | 25211639 | Thus, we aimed to investigate the ability of IL-21 in the regulation of middle version of HBV envelop protein (MS) DNA vaccine. |
| 573 | 25211639 | Fusion plasmid encoding IL-21 linked with MS was constructed. |
| 574 | 25211639 | Normal and HBV transgenic mice were immunized by plasmid. pcDNA-IL-21/S2S induced a comparable level of anti-HBs antibody and HBsAg-specific CD8+ T-cell response with pcDNA-S2S. |
| 575 | 25211639 | Furthermore, the level of circulating HBsAg was decreased by induction of anti-HBs antibody and HBsAg-specific CD8+ T-cell response to both pcDNA-IL-21/S2S and pcDNA-S2S vaccination in HBV transgenic mice. |
| 576 | 25211639 | But IL-21 did not strengthen immune response induced by HBV DNA immunization. |
| 577 | 25211639 | However, IL-21 does not improve the immunogenicity and efficacy of MS DNA vaccination, and thus may not be used as a therapeutic marker for chronic hepatitis B. |
| 578 | 25245278 | HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer immunogenicity elicited in the presence of human CD4 alters the neutralization profile. |
| 579 | 25273335 | The CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of envelope glycoprotein (Env) is an important conserved target for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neutralizing antibodies. |
| 580 | 25295172 | CTB-MPR is a fusion protein between the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) and the membrane-proximal region of gp41 (MPR), the transmembrane envelope protein of Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), and has previously been shown to induce the production of anti-HIV-1 antibodies with antiviral functions. |
| 581 | 25295172 | The first variant contained a flexible GPGP linker between CTB and MPR, and yielded crystals that diffracted to a resolution of 2.3 Å, but only the CTB region was detected in the electron-density map. |
| 582 | 25295172 | A third construct containing a polyalanine linker between CTB and MPR proved to stabilize the pentameric form of the protein during purification. |
| 583 | 25349379 | Here, we discuss the evidence illustrating the poor persistence of antibody responses to Env, the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1, and the related problem of CD4(+) T-cell responses that compromise vaccine efficacy by creating excess cellular targets of HIV-1 infection. |
| 584 | 25351518 | The dengue virus (DENV) envelope protein domain 3 (ED3) is the target of potent virus neutralizing antibodies. |
| 585 | 25359626 | The viral envelope glycoprotein D from bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and -5), two important pathogens of cattle, is a major component of the virion and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of herpesviruses. |
| 586 | 25500881 | Recently, the crystal structure of the viral envelope protein E2 region was resolved as well as how E2 docks to the host CD81 protein; therefore, antibodies that block this interaction should prevent viral entry into host cells. |
| 587 | 25546013 | The CD4 binding site (CD4BS) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) contains epitopes for broadly neutralizing antibody (nAb) and is the target for the vaccine development. |
| 588 | 25600289 | The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer is responsible for receptor recognition and viral fusion with CD4(+) T cells, and is the sole target for neutralizing antibodies. |
| 589 | 25762407 | Here, we used CpG-C together with the clinically relevant saponin-based adjuvant AbISCO-100/Matrix-M (AbISCO), to assess if TLR9 co-stimulation would quantitatively or qualitatively modulate HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env)-specific B and T cell responses in rhesus macaques. |
| 590 | 25803681 | Antibodies with the ability to block the interaction of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp120 with CD4, including those overlapping the CD4 binding site (CD4bs antibodies), can protect from infection by HIV-1, and their elicitation may be an interesting goal for any vaccination strategy. |
| 591 | 25875109 | The two antigen formulations consist of DNA encoding the full-length envelope protein (p/YFE) or the full-length envelope protein fused to the lysosomal-associated membrane protein signal, LAMP-1 (pL/YFE), aimed at diverting antigen processing/presentation through the major histocompatibility complex II precursor compartments. |
| 592 | 25970853 | Docking studies of DOXY to viral cysteine protease and E2 envelope protein showed non-competitive interaction with docking energy of -6.6±0.1 and -6.4±0.1 kcal/mol respectively. |
| 593 | 25994965 | We previously demonstrated that chemokine CCL19 augmented mucosal and systemic immune responses to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. |
| 594 | 25997338 | Hepatitis c virus (HCV) infection has become one of the global public health problem,while there is no vaccine to prevent HCV infection, the so-called "cocktail" therapy that use a combination of drugs targeting multiple steps in the HCV infection cycle could achieve better curative effect. the process of HCV entering into host cell is the important step of drug intervention, in which HCV envelope protein El and E2, Host cell factors including Heparan sulfate(HS), CD81, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), Occludin (OCLD), Claudin (CLDN), low densitity lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), Liver/lymph node specific ICAM-3-grabbing integrin(L-SIGN), trans- ferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and so on play a important role. |
| 595 | 26076449 | The resultant viable recombinant viruses, CvBJC3m/I-ΔGP5 and CvBJC3m/I-E2, respectively expressed partial PRRSV envelope protein GP5 or CSFV neutralization epitope A1A2 along with EMCV proteins. |
| 596 | 26091035 | To systematically explore how immunization might be tailored to produce them, we generated mice expressing the predicted germline or mature heavy chains of a potent bNAb to the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). |
| 597 | 26116502 | Codelivery of Envelope Protein in Alum with MVA Vaccine Induces CXCR3-Biased CXCR5+ and CXCR5- CD4 T Cell Responses in Rhesus Macaques. |
| 598 | 26116502 | In addition, we determined the frequency of vaccine-induced CD4(+) T cells coexpressing chemokine receptor, CXCR5 (facilitates migration to B cell follicles) in blood and whether these responses were representative of lymph node TFH responses. |
| 599 | 26116502 | We show that booster modified vaccinia virus Ankara immunization induced a distinct and transient accumulation of proliferating CXCR5(+) and CXCR5(-) CD4 T cells in blood at day 7 postimmunization, and the frequency of the former but not the latter correlated with TFH and B cell responses in germinal centers of the lymph node. |
| 600 | 26116502 | However, CXCR3(+) cells preferentially expressed the HIV coreceptor CCR5, and vaccine-induced CXCR3(+)CXCR5(+) cells showed a moderate positive association with peak viremia following SIV251 infection. |
| 601 | 26116703 | We demonstrated that the introduction of a single 188-196 bond to hCD81 impaired its binding affinity to HCV envelope glycoprotein 2 (HCV E2) and significantly decreased HCV pseudoviral particle (HCVpp) entry efficiency (4.92- to 8.42-fold) and cell culture-grown HCV (HCVcc) infectivity (4.55-fold), despite the availability of Phe186. |
| 602 | 26246571 | Soluble Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers from a CD4-Independent HIV-1 Elicit Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity-Mediating Antibodies in Guinea Pigs. |
| 603 | 26261312 | Here we determined serum nAb titers against breakthrough transmitted/founder (T/F) SIVsmE660-derived envelope glycoprotein (Env) variants from 14 RMs immunized with SIVmac239-based DNA-prime/modified vaccinia virus Ankara-boost vaccine regimens that included GM-CSF or CD40L adjuvants and conferred significant but incomplete protection against repeated low-dose intrarectal challenge. |
| 604 | 26295457 | The membrane proximal region (MPR, residues 649-683) and transmembrane domain (TMD, residues 684-705) of the gp41 subunit of HIV-1's envelope protein are highly conserved and are important in viral mucosal transmission, virus attachment and membrane fusion with target cells. |
| 605 | 26415862 | In this study, eighty-nine pestivirus isolates that were collected in Brazil between 1995 and 2014 and that originated from either cattle, fetal bovine serum (FBS) or as cell culture contaminants were genotyped based on a comparison of gene sequences from their 5' untranslated regions (5'UTR), N-terminal autoprotease (Npro ) and envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2). |
| 606 | 26430770 | The dengue virus (DENV) envelope protein domain III (ED3) has been suggested to contain receptor recognition sites and the critical neutralizing epitopes. |
| 607 | 26437787 | Synthesized SINH and SRFRP (INH and RFRP genes were separately ligated to the C-terminus of the small envelope protein of the hepatitis B virus (HBV-S) gene) fragments were inserted into multiple cloning site of pIRES vector to develop p-SINH/SRFRP. |
| 608 | 26437787 | The synthesized tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) signal sequence was then inserted into the p-SINH/SRFRP to construct p-TPA-SINH/TPA-SFRFP. |