Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: HBB

Gene name: hemoglobin, beta

HGNC ID: 4827

Synonyms: CD113t-C, HBD, beta-globin

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ACTB	1 hits
2	AK1	1 hits
3	ALB	1 hits
4	ALPI	1 hits
5	C17orf88	1 hits
6	CAT	1 hits
7	CD4	1 hits
8	CD8A	1 hits
9	CEACAM5	1 hits
10	CKM	1 hits
11	COL1A1	1 hits
12	CRP	1 hits
13	CTSF	1 hits
14	CTSL1	1 hits
15	CYCS	1 hits
16	ENO3	1 hits
17	EPO	1 hits
18	GSTA1	1 hits
19	GSTCD	1 hits
20	HBG2	1 hits
21	HDLBP	1 hits
22	HP	1 hits
23	HUS1	1 hits
24	IFNG	1 hits
25	IL10	1 hits
26	IL17C	1 hits
27	IL21	1 hits
28	IL6	1 hits
29	INS	1 hits
30	LTA	1 hits
31	LTF	1 hits
32	MAGEH1	1 hits
33	MUC1	1 hits
34	PHB	1 hits
35	RAC1	1 hits
36	RETN	1 hits
37	SMN1	1 hits
38	TF	1 hits
39	TFRC	1 hits
40	TLR9	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	95067	A model of gonococcal peritonitis is described that simulates human disease in its progression from local to disseminated infection and its milieu of mucin and hemoglobin. 3.
2	1298090	Malaria, malnutrition, anemia abnormal hemoglobin diseases and parasitic infestations were the main health problems in the study area.
3	1423345	Synthetic oligosaccharides of increasing complexity that represent different epitopes of the Streptococcus Group A cell-wall polysaccharide were used as haptens and glycoconjugates of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and horse hemoglobin (HHb) to characterize polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.
4	1993848	Antipeptide mAb against cholera toxin (mAb TE32 and TE33), against myohemerythrin (mAb B13I2, B13C2, and B13F2), and against sickle hemoglobin (mAb HuS-1 and HuS-2), had been previously described and used for vaccine development, structural characterization, or identification of a specific antigenic determinant, and each was apparently capable of binding both peptide and native Ag.
5	2117572	Transferrin and hemoglobin could be used as a sole iron source.
6	2797979	Leukocyte counts, Zetacrit, and C-reactive protein did not help to predict the hemoglobin decrease.
7	3708459	The following tests gave normal results: hemoglobin, blood neutrophil and monocyte counts, delayed hypersensitivity skin test, serum albumin, immunoglobulin and complement levels, blood T- and B-cell percentages, in-vitro immunoglobulin synthesis and body cell mass.
8	3932211	A mouse model of infection was established whereby a local infection progressed to lethal bacteremia over 3 days, and 50% of the animals were killed with an intraperitoneal injection of 10 meningococci plus 4% mucin and 1.6% hemoglobin.
9	6270279	This study included a clinical examination, a chest roentgenogram, an electrocardiogram, and the following laboratory determinations: white and red cell count, number of platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, sedimentation rate (Katz index), urea, nitrogen, glucose concentration, cholesterol, GOT, GPT, gamma GT, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, and total bilirubin.
10	6754301	Among the diabetic subjects there was no correlation between antibody responses and duration of disease, insulin dose, or concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin.
11	7042755	Mice were given graded inocula of HIB and developed lethal infection analogous to human HIB disease when virulence was enhanced with mucin and hemoglobin.
12	7054464	Animals fed the 10% casein diet exhibited significant reductions in body weight, serum albumin, and hemoglobin levels.
13	7202857	The height of antibody response in the diabetic group did not correlate with age, sex, duration of diabetes, insulin dose, concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting or 2-h postprandial glucose concentrations, or the presence of retinopathy.
14	7241349	Porous glass coated with silicone adsorbed proteins such as albumin, globulin, hemoglobin, lysozyme, and peroxidase in pH 7.2 phosphate-buffered saline in the amount of 33--53 mg of protein/g of glass (39.4 m2/g of glass).
15	7455909	Serial measurements were made of temperature, weight, food intake, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood count, white blood count, differential, platelet count, fibrin degradation products, activated partial thromboplastin time, clot retraction, C3, blood cultures, neutrophil function, monocyte function, opsonic index, Na, K, Cl, BUN, glucose creatinine, total protein albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, alkaline phosphatase, SGPT, and SGOT.
16	7777902	Malaria, malnutrition, abnormal hemoglobin diseases and parasitic infestation were the main health problems in the study area.
17	7882341	We have constructed mRNA transcripts encoding luciferase and human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) which are capped, polyadenylated, and stabilized by human beta-globin 5' and 3' untranslated regions.
18	8945548	Induction of protective immunity in cattle against infection with Fasciola hepatica by vaccination with cathepsin L proteinases and with hemoglobin.
19	8945548	Two cathepsin L proteinases, cathepsin L1 and cathepsin L2, secreted by liver flukes may be involved in tissue penetration, nutrition, and protection from immune attack.
20	8945548	The animals that received cathepsin L1-Hb or cathepsin L2-Hb showed reduced liver damage as assessed by serum glutamic dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels.
21	9394193	Vaccine studies in cattle and sheep with purified antigens (fatty acid binding protein, FABP; glutathione S-transferase, GST; cathepsin L, CatL; hemoglobin) have shown that high reductions in worm burdens (31-72%) and egg production (69-98%) can be achieved, raising the realistic possibility that immunological control of Fasciola infection is a commercially achievable goal.
22	9394193	Combination vaccines may also be feasible since a cocktail of CatL and hemoglobin elicits a significant 72% protection in cattle.
23	9394193	Vaccine studies in cattle and sheep with purified antigens (fatty acid binding protein, FABP; glutathione S-transferase, GST; cathepsin L, CatL; hemoglobin) have shown that high reductions in worm burdens (31-72%) and egg production (69-98%) can be achieved, raising the realistic possibility that immunological control of Fasciola infection is a commercially achievable goal.
24	9394193	Combination vaccines may also be feasible since a cocktail of CatL and hemoglobin elicits a significant 72% protection in cattle.
25	11862656	In addition, agents used to treat hepatitis C may lower CD4+ cell counts and hemoglobin levels.
26	12552433	Hookworm aspartic protease, Na-APR-2, cleaves human hemoglobin and serum proteins in a host-specific fashion.
27	12552433	Na-APR-2 is more similar to a family of nematode-specific, aspartic proteases than it is to cathepsin D or pepsin, and the term "nemepsins" for members of this family of nematode-specific hydrolases is proposed.
28	12552433	Recombinant Na-APR-2 cleaved human hemoglobin (Hb) and serum proteins almost twice as efficiently as the orthologous substrates from the nonpermissive dog host.
29	12552433	Moreover, only 25% of the Na-APR-2 cleavage sites within human Hb were shared with those generated by the related N. americanus cathepsin D, Na-APR-1.
30	12552433	Hookworm aspartic protease, Na-APR-2, cleaves human hemoglobin and serum proteins in a host-specific fashion.
31	12552433	Na-APR-2 is more similar to a family of nematode-specific, aspartic proteases than it is to cathepsin D or pepsin, and the term "nemepsins" for members of this family of nematode-specific hydrolases is proposed.
32	12552433	Recombinant Na-APR-2 cleaved human hemoglobin (Hb) and serum proteins almost twice as efficiently as the orthologous substrates from the nonpermissive dog host.
33	12552433	Moreover, only 25% of the Na-APR-2 cleavage sites within human Hb were shared with those generated by the related N. americanus cathepsin D, Na-APR-1.
34	12803511	The effect of erythropoietin therapy and hemoglobin levels on the immune response to Engerix-B vaccination in chronic kidney disease.
35	12812352	Association of interferon-gamma responses to pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine candidate antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in young Kenyan children with improved hemoglobin levels: XV.
36	12812352	Previous studies in animal models have revealed an association between interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), produced by CD8+ T cells and irradiated sporozoite-induced sterile immunity.
37	12812352	To determine whether IFN-gamma can serve as a marker of pre-erythrocytic protective immunity in individuals naturally exposed to malaria, we characterized IFN-gamma and lymphocyte proliferative responses to previously defined CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes from six pre-erythrocytic stage antigens in 107 children six months to two years old from a community-based birth cohort in western Kenya.
38	12812352	We found that IFN-gamma positive responders had higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels and significantly reduced prevalence of severe malarial anemia one month after the test compared with IFN-gamma non-responders, suggesting that IFN-gamma immune responses to these pre-erythrocytic antigens were associated with protection against malarial anemia.
39	12812352	Association of interferon-gamma responses to pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine candidate antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in young Kenyan children with improved hemoglobin levels: XV.
40	12812352	Previous studies in animal models have revealed an association between interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), produced by CD8+ T cells and irradiated sporozoite-induced sterile immunity.
41	12812352	To determine whether IFN-gamma can serve as a marker of pre-erythrocytic protective immunity in individuals naturally exposed to malaria, we characterized IFN-gamma and lymphocyte proliferative responses to previously defined CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes from six pre-erythrocytic stage antigens in 107 children six months to two years old from a community-based birth cohort in western Kenya.
42	12812352	We found that IFN-gamma positive responders had higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels and significantly reduced prevalence of severe malarial anemia one month after the test compared with IFN-gamma non-responders, suggesting that IFN-gamma immune responses to these pre-erythrocytic antigens were associated with protection against malarial anemia.
43	14683427	The RgpA-Kgp complexes also bind to fibrinogen, laminin, collagen type V, fibronectin and hemoglobin.
44	15007100	In this review, high-affinity iron uptake systems, which allow meningococci to utilize the human host proteins transferrin, lactoferrin, hemoglobin, and haptoglobin-hemoglobin as sources of essential iron, are described.
45	15218332	Statistical analysis of the variables age, gender, diagnosis, dialysis mode, weight, hemoglobin, albumin, and KT/V failed to detect predictors of antibody response.
46	15312995	This all-aqueous procedure was used for the encapsulation of model proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human hemoglobin (Hb), or of a vaccine protein (Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) urease).
47	15385460	Serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-12(p70) in Malian children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and matched uncomplicated malaria or healthy controls.
48	15385460	Significantly elevated levels (given as geometric mean concentrations in picograms/milliliter) of interleukin-6 (IL-6; 485.2 versus 54.1; P = <0.001), IL-10 (1,099.3 versus 14.1; P = <0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha (10.1 versus 7.7; P = <0.001), and IL-12(p70) (48.9 versus 31.3; P = 0.004) in serum were found in severe cases versus healthy controls.
49	15385460	Significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (485.2 versus 141.0; P = <0.001) and IL-10 (1,099.3 versus 133.9; P = <0.001) were seen in severe malaria cases versus uncomplicated malaria controls.
50	15385460	Cerebral malaria was associated with significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (754.5 versus 311.4; P = <0.001) and IL-10 (1,405.6 versus 868.6; P = 0.006) compared to severe malaria cases without cerebral manifestations.
51	15385460	Conversely, lower levels of IL-6 (199.2 versus 487.6; P = 0.03) and IL-10 (391.1 versus 1,160.9; P = 0.002) were noted in children with severe anemia compared to severe malaria cases with hemoglobin at >5 g/dl.
52	15543094	The elevated levels of immunoglobulins, about 20% more muscle in the pulmonary arteries, increased airway smooth muscle cells, and increased fetal hemoglobin and erythropoietin are evidence of chronic hypoxia before death.
53	15543094	These proinflammatory cytokines down-regulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 and/or other enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, thus affecting metabolism of several endogenous lipophilic substances, such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and exogenous substances.
54	15543094	PEPCK deficit found in SIDS infants (caused also by vitamin A deficiency) and eventually enhanced by PACAP lipolysis of adipocyte triglycerides resulted in an increased FA level in blood because of their impaired reesterification to triacylglycerol in adipocytes.
55	15543094	Pulmonary edema and petechial hemorrhages often present in SIDS victims may be the result of the vascular leak syndrome caused by IL-2 and IFN-alpha.
56	15543094	Chronic hypoxia with the release of proinflammatory mediators IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, and overloading of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems due to the narrowing airways and small pulmonary arteries of these children could also contribute to the development of these abnormalities.
57	15543094	Moreover, chronic hypoxia of SIDS infants induced also production of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha), which stimulated synthesis and release of different growth factors by vascular endothelial cells and intensified subclinical inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system, perhaps potentiated also by PACAP and VIP gene mutations.
58	15717328	The levels of adenylate kinase 1, beta-enolase, creatine kinase M chain, hemoglobin beta chain and prohibitin were statistically increased whereas the level of a creatine kinase fragment, which is undocumented, was decreased in the tumor of vaccinated mice.
59	16148146	Porphyromonas gingivalis, a pathogen associated with periodontitis, bound to fibrinogen, fibronectin, hemoglobin, and collagen type V with a similar profile to that of its major virulence factor, the cell surface RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complex.
60	16148146	Furthermore, mice protected in the lesion and periodontitis models had a predominant P. gingivalis-specific IL-4 response, whereas mice with disease had a predominant IFN-gamma response.
61	16224554	H. pylori cells require hemic iron for their growth; an appreciable increment in biomass was ensured by hemoglobin, but not simpler hemocontaining compounds (hemin and cytochrome C).
62	17338375	Due to oxidase and catalase activities, the microorganisms induced the denaturation of hemoglobin (Hb) through RBC oxidation to H2O2 in high concentration providing the formation of haemin and transformation of haem Fe2+ into the utilizable form, Fe3+.
63	18299268	Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a newly described, typical, four-helix cytokine showing significant homology with IL-2, IL-4 and IL-15.
64	18299268	Prevalence and level of IL-21, total IgG and subclass (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) titers were determined in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
65	18299268	Plasma IL-21 levels correlated with IgG1 and IgG3 levels.
66	18299268	Additionally, plasma IL-21 levels correlated with hemoglobin levels in younger children and with parasite density.
67	18299268	Here we describe the relationship between IL-21 and antibodies for erythrocyte-binding antigen-175 (EBA-175) peptide 4, a malaria vaccine candidate in Gabonese children with acute falciparum malaria.
68	18632918	It is involved in the haptoglobin-mediated removal of free hemoglobin from plasma, has been identified as a naturally soluble plasma glycoprotein with potential anti-inflammatory properties, and is possibly linked to an individual's haptoglobin phenotype.
69	18632918	In order to verify this, the relationships between sCD163 levels, malaria severity, and selected inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and IL-10) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using plasma samples obtained from pediatric malaria patients with uncomplicated malaria (UM [n = 38]), cerebral malaria (CM [n = 52]), and severe malarial anemia (SA [n = 55]) during two consecutive malaria transmission seasons (2002 and 2003).
70	18632923	Previous studies showed that LTA also synergizes with hemoglobin.
71	18829566	CD8+ T-cell responses against hemoglobin-beta prevent solid tumor growth.
72	18829566	Although cultured CMS4 tumor cells failed to express HBB mRNA based on reverse transcription-PCR analyses, prophylactic vaccination of BALB/c mice with vaccines containing HBB peptides promoted specific CD8(+) T-cell responses that protected mice against a subsequent challenge with CMS4 or unrelated syngeneic (HBB(neg)) tumors of divergent histology (sarcoma, carcinomas of the breast or colon).
73	18829566	CD8+ T-cell responses against hemoglobin-beta prevent solid tumor growth.
74	18829566	Although cultured CMS4 tumor cells failed to express HBB mRNA based on reverse transcription-PCR analyses, prophylactic vaccination of BALB/c mice with vaccines containing HBB peptides promoted specific CD8(+) T-cell responses that protected mice against a subsequent challenge with CMS4 or unrelated syngeneic (HBB(neg)) tumors of divergent histology (sarcoma, carcinomas of the breast or colon).
75	19002841	Our assay used oligonucleotide primers annealing to sequences within the beta-actin and the beta-globin gene and to repetitive DNA.
76	19380510	Hookworms digest hemoglobin from erythrocytes via a proteolytic cascade that begins with the aspartic protease, APR-1.
77	20030525	To determine the antitetanus and antidiphtheria IgG antibody levels in Iranian hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease, as well as its association with sex, age, hemoglobin, zinc serum level, serum albumin, duration of dialysis, number of dialysis per week, dialysis adequacy, erythropoietin or iron supplements such as venofer, body mass index (BMI), and underlying renal disorder, we conducted a cross-sectional study on a total of 112 hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disorder (60 male, 52 female ) and 36 healthy individuals in the control group (14 male, 22 female).
78	20367477	The aspartic protease of Necator americanus, Na-APR-1, is a vaccine antigen that induces antibodies that neutralize hemoglobin proteolysis in the gut of the worm.
79	21734123	Compared with reference intervals from children from Western countries and/or African children, there were substantial differences in hemoglobin, soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin, calcium, phosphate, and C-reactive protein.
80	21747812	Iron transport systems facilitating the use of transferrin, lactoferrin, and hemoglobin have two components: one TonB-dependent transporter and one lipoprotein.
81	22692758	Numerous pre-treatment factors associated with inflammatory anemia (e.g., CRP, hemoglobin, hematocrit, IL-6, ferritin, platelets) demonstrated a significant relationship with tumor burden and patient survival.
82	23045477	Polymorphisms in the Fc gamma receptor IIIA and Toll-like receptor 9 are associated with protection against severe malarial anemia and changes in circulating gamma interferon levels.
83	23045477	To further delineate the impacts of FcγRIIIA and TLR9 in SMA pathogenesis, the associations between FcγRIIIA -176F/V and TLR9 -1237T/C variants, SMA (hemoglobin [Hb] < 6.0 g/dl), and circulating IFN-γ levels were investigated in children (n = 301) from western Kenya with acute malaria.
84	23056500	In an attempt to develop a vaccine targeting the major human hookworm, Necator americanus, a B-cell peptide epitope was chosen from the apical enzyme in the hemoglobin digestion cascade, the aspartic protease Na-APR-1.
85	23056500	The A(291)Y alpha helical epitope is known to induce neutralizing antibodies that inhibit the enzymatic activity of Na-APR-1, thus reducing the capacity for hookworms to digest hemoglobin and obtain nutrients.
86	23056500	In an attempt to develop a vaccine targeting the major human hookworm, Necator americanus, a B-cell peptide epitope was chosen from the apical enzyme in the hemoglobin digestion cascade, the aspartic protease Na-APR-1.
87	23056500	The A(291)Y alpha helical epitope is known to induce neutralizing antibodies that inhibit the enzymatic activity of Na-APR-1, thus reducing the capacity for hookworms to digest hemoglobin and obtain nutrients.
88	23462098	Instead of secreting siderophores to scavenge iron, Neisseria steal iron from human iron binding proteins such as hemoglobin, transferrin and lactoferrin for survival.
89	23462098	We then analyzed these models to gain structural insights into the lactoferrin-iron import system and form a mechanistic model fashioned in parallel to the homologous transferrin-iron import system.
90	24038490	Hemoglobin identification was performed using isoelectric focusing; samples with abnormal hemoglobin patterns were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis.
91	24094739	Some clinical trials in humans have aimed at modulation of type 1 diabetes (T1D) via alteration of the immune response to putative islet cell antigens, particularly proinsulin and insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase and the peptide, DiaPep 277, derived from heat shock protein 60.
92	24094739	Optimization of the effects seen to date on C-peptide and on depletion of proinsulin specific CD8 T cells are feasible, with expected concomitant improvement in other parameters like hemoglobin A1c and reduction in insulin usage.
93	24434410	The study looked at the factors that may affect the responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccination, like gender, age, co-existence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, dialysis adequacy that was evaluated by urea reduction ratio (URR) and Kt/V, hemoglobin level, albumin level, protein catabolic rate (PCR), body mass index (BMI), subjective global nutritional status (SGA) and HbA1c.
94	24434410	There was no statically significant difference between the two groups regarding the presence or absence of HCV infection, age, gender, diabetes mellitus, URR, Kt/V, hemoglobin level and albumin level.
95	24434410	The study looked at the factors that may affect the responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccination, like gender, age, co-existence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, dialysis adequacy that was evaluated by urea reduction ratio (URR) and Kt/V, hemoglobin level, albumin level, protein catabolic rate (PCR), body mass index (BMI), subjective global nutritional status (SGA) and HbA1c.
96	24434410	There was no statically significant difference between the two groups regarding the presence or absence of HCV infection, age, gender, diabetes mellitus, URR, Kt/V, hemoglobin level and albumin level.
97	24818401	Cathepsin F is an important member of papain-like subfamily in cysteine protease family.
98	24818401	Cathepsin F of helminth parasites can hydrolyze the specific substrate, degrade host protein such as hemoglobin for nutrition, and be involved in invasion into host tissue.
99	25038093	We have exploited our previously developed hemoglobin protease (Hbp) autotransporter platform for display of heterologous polypeptides at the OMV surface.
100	25398861	Recently, we have engineered the Escherichia coli autotransporter hemoglobin protease (Hbp) into a platform for the efficient surface display of heterologous proteins in Gram-negative bacteria, HbpD.
101	26018444	Previously, canines immunized with Na-APR-1(M74) and challenged with Ancylostoma caninum were partially protected against hookworm challenge infection, especially from the loss in hemoglobin observed in control canines and canine immunoglobulin (Ig) G raised against Na-APR-1 was shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of Na-APR-1 wt in vitro, thereby providing proof of concept of Na-APR-1(M74) as a vaccine antigen.
102	26069076	The results suggested that resistin was significantly increased in T2DM monkeys (P <0.01), and that resistin had a positive correlation respectively with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FPI) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Insulin resistance index (HOA-IR), but a negative correlation with islet β-cell function (HOMA-β).
103	26069076	In the course of glucose metabolism, reverse release change of resistin and insulin in T2DM monkeys occurred, but the phenomenon that was not observed in the control group, these findings indicated that resistin negatively regulated and interfered with carbohydrate metabolism in T2DM monkey models.
104	26069528	Interestingly, hemoglobin subunit alpha (HBA) and Ras related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) were among the increased proteins.
105	26069528	Results of molecular modeling of HBA- and Rac1-associated signaling network implicated the involvement of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway in the EG, through which Rac1 may exert a regulatory role on HBA.
106	26069528	Results of Western blot analyses for Rac1, HBA and a selected MAPK pathway protein indicated synergistic changes in all three proteins in the EG eyes.
107	26135971	Multivariate logistic regression analyses confirmed the independent association of reduced IL-10 with osteomyelitis after controlling for sickle hemoglobin (HbS), fetal hemoglobin (HbF), platelet count, and white blood cell (WBC) count.