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Gene Information

Gene symbol: HLA-B

Gene name: major histocompatibility complex, class I, B

HGNC ID: 4932

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ABL1	1 hits
2	ACE	1 hits
3	ANGPT2	1 hits
4	APOD	1 hits
5	B2M	1 hits
6	BCL2	1 hits
7	C4A	1 hits
8	C4B	1 hits
9	C8orf4	1 hits
10	CA9	1 hits
11	CCL7	1 hits
12	CCR5	1 hits
13	CD274	1 hits
14	CD28	1 hits
15	CD4	1 hits
16	CD40	1 hits
17	CD80	1 hits
18	CD86	1 hits
19	CD8A	1 hits
20	CSF1	1 hits
21	CSF2	1 hits
22	CSF2RA	1 hits
23	CSF2RB	1 hits
24	CTAG1B	1 hits
25	CTLA4	1 hits
26	CTSB	1 hits
27	CTSS	1 hits
28	CXCR3	1 hits
29	EGF	1 hits
30	EGR1	1 hits
31	EMR3	1 hits
32	GZMB	1 hits
33	HCP5	1 hits
34	HLA-A	1 hits
35	HLA-C	1 hits
36	HLA-DPB1	1 hits
37	HLA-DRB1	1 hits
38	HMOX1	1 hits
39	HPS1	1 hits
40	IFIT3	1 hits
41	IFNG	1 hits
42	IL10	1 hits
43	IL10RA	1 hits
44	IL17C	1 hits
45	IL18RAP	1 hits
46	IL1B	1 hits
47	IL1RN	1 hits
48	IL2	1 hits
49	IL2RA	1 hits
50	IL3	1 hits
51	IL3RA	1 hits
52	IL4	1 hits
53	IL7	1 hits
54	INDO	1 hits
55	KIR3DL1	1 hits
56	KIR3DS1	1 hits
57	KLK3	1 hits
58	KLRK1	1 hits
59	KRAS	1 hits
60	LTA	1 hits
61	MAGEA1	1 hits
62	MAGEA3	1 hits
63	MAGEC2	1 hits
64	MEFV	1 hits
65	MICB	1 hits
66	MUC1	1 hits
67	NAIP	1 hits
68	NT5C3	1 hits
69	PDCD1	1 hits
70	PSMB9	1 hits
71	RBM45	1 hits
72	S100B	1 hits
73	SEC14L2	1 hits
74	STAT1	1 hits
75	TAP1	1 hits
76	TEK	1 hits
77	TERT	1 hits
78	TGFA	1 hits
79	TGFB1	1 hits
80	TNF	1 hits
81	TNFRSF9	1 hits
82	TYR	1 hits
83	WT1	1 hits
84	ZNRD1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	1470916	Cellular proteins associated with immunodeficiency viruses were identified by determination of the amino acid sequence of the proteins and peptides present in sucrose density gradient-purified human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) and the alpha and beta chains of human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) DR were present in virus preparations at one-fifth the concentration of Gag on a molar basis.
2	2481593	An antigenic peptide of the HIV-1 NEF protein recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes of seropositive individuals in association with different HLA-B molecules.
3	2481593	In two different donors, we identified a unique peptide in the NEF protein that could be recognized in association with two different HLA class I molecules.
4	7532670	To facilitate such studies in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque model for AIDS, we have defined a rhesus monkey SIVmac CTL epitope carboxy terminus to both the CD4-binding and V4 regions of the envelope glycoprotein.
5	7532670	Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding this rhesus monkey MHC class I molecule demonstrated that it is a newly described HLA-B homologue, Mamu-B*01.
6	8621152	Expression of HLA class I molecules and the transporter associated with antigen processing in hepatocellular carcinoma.
7	8621152	Although HLA-A antigens were detected by CMC in all cell lines tested, HLA-B and -C antigens were not detectable in six of seven HCC cell lines.
8	8621152	Furthermore, complementary DNA (cDNA) from each cell line was tested for the expression of HLA-A, -B, -C and the transporter associated with antigen processing genes (TAP1 and TAP2).
9	8621152	The selective loss of HLA-B and -C, but not -A, molecules (which also excludes a beta 2-microglobulin defect) is intriguing, and may be attributable to the ability of some of the HLA-A molecules to load signal peptides not requiring TAP transport, or to natural selection of HLA-B or -C locus-specific immune surveillance.
10	8621152	Expression of HLA class I molecules and the transporter associated with antigen processing in hepatocellular carcinoma.
11	8621152	Although HLA-A antigens were detected by CMC in all cell lines tested, HLA-B and -C antigens were not detectable in six of seven HCC cell lines.
12	8621152	Furthermore, complementary DNA (cDNA) from each cell line was tested for the expression of HLA-A, -B, -C and the transporter associated with antigen processing genes (TAP1 and TAP2).
13	8621152	The selective loss of HLA-B and -C, but not -A, molecules (which also excludes a beta 2-microglobulin defect) is intriguing, and may be attributable to the ability of some of the HLA-A molecules to load signal peptides not requiring TAP transport, or to natural selection of HLA-B or -C locus-specific immune surveillance.
14	8794394	A 9-amino-acid (aa) fragment of HIV-1 gp4l (p6B, aa 553 to 561) is presented to CD8+ CTLs of SHIV-infected animals by the rhesus monkey HLA-B homolog molecule Mamu-B*12.
15	9108460	We have demonstrated that B7.1-modified melanoma cells are able to induce primary CTL activity from autologous, human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class I-matched allogeneic PBLs and purified CD8+ T cells in the absence of exogenous cytokines.
16	9108460	CTLs generated by B7.1 are tumor specific and HLA class I restricted, and CD8+ T cells are primarily responsible for this specific cytotoxicity.
17	9252123	Degenerate cytotoxic T cell epitopes from P. falciparum restricted by multiple HLA-A and HLA-B supertype alleles.
18	9252123	Positive cytotoxic T lymphocyte recall and cytokine (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha) responses were detected for all peptides; all were recognized in the context of more than one HLA class I molecule; and at least 12 of the 17 were recognized in the context of all HLA alleles studied.
19	9774275	Responses were directed against all 10 peptides tested and were restricted by six human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles.
20	9816214	Specific CD8(+) CTL recognition of melanoma requires expression of MHC class I molecules as well as melanoma-associated peptide epitopes.
21	9816214	Stable MHC class I cell surface expression requires delivery of cytosolic peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum by the peptide transporter molecules TAP1 and TAP2, with peptides subsequently transported to the cell surface in complexes containing MHC class I heavy chain and beta2-microglobulin.
22	9816214	We have evaluated a series of mechanisms resulting in MHC class I down-regulation in a human melanoma cell line, Mz18, typed as HLA-A2(+), A3(+), B7(+), B57(+), Cw1(+), and Cw6(+) by genomic PCR analysis.
23	9816214	The melanoma cell line Mz18 exhibits a global down-regulation of MHC class I heavy chain transcripts; beta2-microglobulin; the proteasome subunits LMP2/7, involved in generating cytosolic peptide fragments; and the peptide transporter molecules TAP1 and TAP2, involved in peptide transport from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum.
24	9816214	IFN-gamma treatment of Mz18 melanoma cells leads to up-regulation of LMP2/7 and TAP1/2, as well as to up-regulation of HLA-B and HLA-C MHC loci alleles, but not HLA-A2 or HLA-A3.
25	9816214	Melanoma peptides could only be presented and recognized by CTLs if the HLA-A2-transfected Mz18 cell line was first treated with IFN-gamma, thereby restoring LMP2/7 and TAP1/2 expression and function.
26	9816214	Because several melanoma antigens recognized by T cells have been reported to be presented by HLA-A2 (MART-1/Melan-A, tyrosinase, gp100, and MAGE-3), the loss of HLA-A2 molecules may represent an important mechanism by which many melanomas evade immune recognition.
27	9816214	These findings suggest that patients entering clinical trials for immunotherapy with melanoma vaccines should be carefully examined for tumor cell allelic MHC class I loss and whether such MHC class I antigen down-regulation can be restored by cytokines.
28	10473111	By using a MHC-binding assay, eight peptides derived from MAGE-2 were found to bind with sufficient affinity to the HLA-A24 molecule.
29	10473111	When the induction of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was examined using a simplified method, the highest human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) binder (EYLQLVFGI) in these peptides was able to elicit CTLs from unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in HLA-A24 healthy donors by stimulation with freshly isolated, peptide-pulsed peripheral blood mononuclear cells as antigen-presenting cells and also by using interleukin 7 and keyhole-limpet hemocyanin in a primary culture.
30	10473111	The induced CTL could, thus, lyse HLA-A24 tumor cells expressing MAGE-2, as well as the peptide-pulsed target cells, with antigen specificity in a HLA class I-restricted manner.
31	10655112	T-cell co-stimulation delivered by the molecules B7-1 or B7-2 through CD28 has a positive effect on T-cell activation, whereas engagement of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) by these molecules inhibits activation.
32	10655112	The effects of B7-1 and B7-2 co-stimulation through CD28 depend on the strength of the signal delivered through the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the activation state of T cells during activation.
33	10823832	In order to better investigate structure-stability relationships, we have determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy the thermal stability of a class I MHC protein, HLA-B*2705, in complex with a set of 39 singly substituted peptide analogues.
34	10885560	At least five independent mechanisms leading to changes in HLA expression were seen: HLA class I allelic transcription but no protein; abnormal HLA class I allelic transcription; no HLA-B locus transcription; loss of heterozygosity (LOH); no gammaIFN-mediated upregulation of HLA class I expression, and/or no interferon-gamma (gammaIFN)-mediated HLA class II induction.
35	10942373	Lentiviral vectors for efficient delivery of CD80 and granulocyte-macrophage- colony-stimulating factor in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia cells to induce antileukemic immune responses.
36	10942373	In this study, second-generation lentiviral vectors derived from human immunodeficiency virus 1 were evaluated, with the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter driving expression of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CD80 in separate vectors or in a bicistronic vector.
37	10942373	This stimulation was specifically blocked with monoclonal antibodies reactive against CD80 or by recombinant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin fusion protein.
38	10969798	Naturally occurring human lymphocyte antigen-A2 restricted CD8+ T-cell response to the cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in melanoma patients.
39	10969798	We have used fluorescent HLA-A2/peptide tetramers containing an optimized antigenic peptide to directly identify HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ T cells specific for the SEREX-defined CT antigen NY-ESO-1 in melanoma patients.
40	10969798	High frequencies of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells were readily detected in peptide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as in lymphocytes infiltrating melanoma lesions from patients with measurable antibody responses to NY-ESO-1.
41	10969798	NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells were also detectable in peptide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from some seronegative patients.
42	10969798	Whereas the frequencies of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells in circulating lymphocytes were usually below the limit of detection by tetramer staining, the presence of NY-ESO-1 CD8+ T cells displaying a memory phenotype was clearly detectable ex vivo in blood from a seropositive patient over an extended period of time.
43	11090045	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) present on activated T cells has a strong binding affinity to both B7-1 and B7-2 molecules, which are primarily expressed on APCs.
44	11119299	We, therefore, considered whether it is possible to assemble a panel of HLA-A and/or HLA-B alleles that would allow the formulation of a single vaccine for a set of Caucasian, Black, or Asian populations.
45	11119299	Our findings suggest that HLA-A alleles may be preferred targets because of the increased heterogeneity at HLA-B, although addition of a single HLA-B allele to a set of HLA-A alleles improved coverage.
46	11119299	We, therefore, considered whether it is possible to assemble a panel of HLA-A and/or HLA-B alleles that would allow the formulation of a single vaccine for a set of Caucasian, Black, or Asian populations.
47	11119299	Our findings suggest that HLA-A alleles may be preferred targets because of the increased heterogeneity at HLA-B, although addition of a single HLA-B allele to a set of HLA-A alleles improved coverage.
48	11162627	Using the reverse transcription PCR, we evaluated expression levels of various antigen presentation-related genes, including LMP2, LMP7, MECL-1, PA28alpha, PA28beta, TAP1, TAP2, and tapasin, in two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, HSC5 and HSC7.
49	11162627	Expression levels of LMP2, MECL-1, TAP1, and TAP2 transcripts are reduced in both cell lines in comparison with a normal epithelial cell line.
50	11162627	Further, HSC5 and HSC7 show diminished expression of LMP7/tapasin, and PA28alpha/beta, respectively.
51	11162627	Surface expression of HLA-B alleles is down-regulated in both lines presumably due to low expression of TAP1/2.
52	11182225	We identified 4 HLA-A, 7 HLA-B, and 5 HLA-C specificities that were observed at high frequencies in the Botswana population: A30, A02, A23, A68, B58, B72, B42, B8, B18, B44, B45, Cw7, Cw2, Cw17, Cw6, and Cw4.
53	11205913	Immunotherapy of bladder cancer using autologous dendritic cells pulsed with human lymphocyte antigen-A24-specific MAGE-3 peptide.
54	11483267	The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and L-selectin represent attractive ligands for use in the targeting of antigen to APCs and lymph nodes.
55	11483267	CTLA-4 binds with high affinity to the B7 membrane antigen on APCs, while L-selectin functions as a lymphocyte homing marker and binds to CD34 on the surface of high endothelial venule cells.
56	11514604	We have previously shown that small B16 melanomas can be successfully treated using a combination of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 monoclonal antibody with a granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) producing irradiated tumor cell vaccine.
57	11514604	Analysis of the response in successfully treated mice revealed elevated levels of CD8(+) T cells specific for a nonameric peptide consisting of residues 180-188 of the melanocyte differentiation antigen tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)2.
58	11514604	There was no evidence of reactivity to the melanocyte antigens gp100, tyrosinase, Mart1/MelanA, or TRP1.
59	11514604	In particular, if mice received a prophylactic vaccine consisting of anti-CTLA-4 and B16-GM-CSF before tumor challenge, full protection was obtained even in the absence of CD8(+) T cells.
60	11792386	We selected a panel of 23 8-11 mer Influenza virus (Flu), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) epitopes recognized by CD8 positive T cells and presented by 11 class I HLA-A and HLA-B alleles whose cumulative frequencies represent >100% of Caucasian individuals.
61	11792386	Release of IFN-gamma in response to the pool of peptides was CD8+ T cell mediated and HLA restricted.
62	11860706	Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4 or CD152) is a strong negative regulator of T cell activity.
63	11860706	Like CD28 (a positive regulator) it binds to B7-1 and B7-2, and there is no known natural selective ligand.
64	11860706	However, a single amino acid substitution in B7-1 (W88 > A; denoted B7-1wa) abrogates binding to CD28 but not to CTLA-4.
65	11860706	Interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 were both depressed, arguing against a Th2 bias.
66	12023403	T cell responses to an HLA-B*07-restricted epitope on the dengue NS3 protein correlate with disease severity.
67	12023403	To determine the Ag specificity of this immune response, we studied the response to an HLA-B*07-restricted T cell epitope, residues 221-232 of the DV NS3 protein, in 10 HLA-B*07(+) Thai children who were studied during and after acute DV infections.
68	12023403	These data suggest that the NS3 (221-232) epitope is an important target of CD8(+) T cells in secondary DV infection and that the activation and expansion of DV-specific T cells is greater in subjects with DHF than in those with dengue fever.
69	12023403	T cell responses to an HLA-B*07-restricted epitope on the dengue NS3 protein correlate with disease severity.
70	12023403	To determine the Ag specificity of this immune response, we studied the response to an HLA-B*07-restricted T cell epitope, residues 221-232 of the DV NS3 protein, in 10 HLA-B*07(+) Thai children who were studied during and after acute DV infections.
71	12023403	These data suggest that the NS3 (221-232) epitope is an important target of CD8(+) T cells in secondary DV infection and that the activation and expansion of DV-specific T cells is greater in subjects with DHF than in those with dengue fever.
72	12067417	We evaluated three unrelated computational methods to screen Pol, Gag and Env sequences extracted from the Los Alamos HIV database for HLA-A*0201 and HLA-B*3501 T-cell epitope candidates.
73	12507820	We used the resources of Mayo Clinic's tissue typing laboratory for serotyping class I HLA-A and HLA-B alleles via microlymphocytotoxicity assays.
74	12507820	We found no statistically significant associations with class I HLA-A but did find associations with class I HLA-B, which includes alleles associated with seronegativity (B8, B13, and B44) and those associated with seropositivity (B7 and B51).
75	12507820	We used the resources of Mayo Clinic's tissue typing laboratory for serotyping class I HLA-A and HLA-B alleles via microlymphocytotoxicity assays.
76	12507820	We found no statistically significant associations with class I HLA-A but did find associations with class I HLA-B, which includes alleles associated with seronegativity (B8, B13, and B44) and those associated with seropositivity (B7 and B51).
77	12651070	Relative dominance of HLA-B*07 restricted CD8+ T-lymphocyte immune responses to human cytomegalovirus pp65 in persons sharing HLA-A*02 and HLA-B*07 alleles.
78	12651070	CD8(+) T-cell responses to three human cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 epitopes were studied in panels of healthy seropositive HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 individuals, and HLA-A*02 donors mismatched for HLA-B*07.
79	12651070	Similar immunodominance of HLA-B*07 over HLA-A*02 was found in two immunocompromised HIV-infected HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 patients, and in the reconstituting immune system of three stem cell transplant recipients.
80	12651070	In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from two immunocompetent HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 individuals indicated that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors specific for both HLA-A*02 and HLA-B*07 restricted epitopes were present and could be expanded by stimulation with the cognate peptides.
81	12651070	Our results indicate that CMV-specific cellular immune responses restricted by HLA-B*07 dominate those restricted by HLA-A*02 in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.
82	12651070	Relative dominance of HLA-B*07 restricted CD8+ T-lymphocyte immune responses to human cytomegalovirus pp65 in persons sharing HLA-A*02 and HLA-B*07 alleles.
83	12651070	CD8(+) T-cell responses to three human cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 epitopes were studied in panels of healthy seropositive HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 individuals, and HLA-A*02 donors mismatched for HLA-B*07.
84	12651070	Similar immunodominance of HLA-B*07 over HLA-A*02 was found in two immunocompromised HIV-infected HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 patients, and in the reconstituting immune system of three stem cell transplant recipients.
85	12651070	In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from two immunocompetent HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 individuals indicated that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors specific for both HLA-A*02 and HLA-B*07 restricted epitopes were present and could be expanded by stimulation with the cognate peptides.
86	12651070	Our results indicate that CMV-specific cellular immune responses restricted by HLA-B*07 dominate those restricted by HLA-A*02 in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.
87	12651070	Relative dominance of HLA-B*07 restricted CD8+ T-lymphocyte immune responses to human cytomegalovirus pp65 in persons sharing HLA-A*02 and HLA-B*07 alleles.
88	12651070	CD8(+) T-cell responses to three human cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 epitopes were studied in panels of healthy seropositive HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 individuals, and HLA-A*02 donors mismatched for HLA-B*07.
89	12651070	Similar immunodominance of HLA-B*07 over HLA-A*02 was found in two immunocompromised HIV-infected HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 patients, and in the reconstituting immune system of three stem cell transplant recipients.
90	12651070	In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from two immunocompetent HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 individuals indicated that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors specific for both HLA-A*02 and HLA-B*07 restricted epitopes were present and could be expanded by stimulation with the cognate peptides.
91	12651070	Our results indicate that CMV-specific cellular immune responses restricted by HLA-B*07 dominate those restricted by HLA-A*02 in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.
92	12651070	Relative dominance of HLA-B*07 restricted CD8+ T-lymphocyte immune responses to human cytomegalovirus pp65 in persons sharing HLA-A*02 and HLA-B*07 alleles.
93	12651070	CD8(+) T-cell responses to three human cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 epitopes were studied in panels of healthy seropositive HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 individuals, and HLA-A*02 donors mismatched for HLA-B*07.
94	12651070	Similar immunodominance of HLA-B*07 over HLA-A*02 was found in two immunocompromised HIV-infected HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 patients, and in the reconstituting immune system of three stem cell transplant recipients.
95	12651070	In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from two immunocompetent HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 individuals indicated that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors specific for both HLA-A*02 and HLA-B*07 restricted epitopes were present and could be expanded by stimulation with the cognate peptides.
96	12651070	Our results indicate that CMV-specific cellular immune responses restricted by HLA-B*07 dominate those restricted by HLA-A*02 in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.
97	12651070	Relative dominance of HLA-B*07 restricted CD8+ T-lymphocyte immune responses to human cytomegalovirus pp65 in persons sharing HLA-A*02 and HLA-B*07 alleles.
98	12651070	CD8(+) T-cell responses to three human cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 epitopes were studied in panels of healthy seropositive HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 individuals, and HLA-A*02 donors mismatched for HLA-B*07.
99	12651070	Similar immunodominance of HLA-B*07 over HLA-A*02 was found in two immunocompromised HIV-infected HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 patients, and in the reconstituting immune system of three stem cell transplant recipients.
100	12651070	In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from two immunocompetent HLA-A*02/HLA-B*07 individuals indicated that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors specific for both HLA-A*02 and HLA-B*07 restricted epitopes were present and could be expanded by stimulation with the cognate peptides.
101	12651070	Our results indicate that CMV-specific cellular immune responses restricted by HLA-B*07 dominate those restricted by HLA-A*02 in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.
102	12798647	MSP4/5 was inserted into VR1020 (secretory), monocyte-chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) (chemoattractant), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) (lymph node targeting) vectors.
103	12798647	Despite antibody responses comparable to recombinant protein immunization, boosting mice primed with antigens encoded by MCP-3 and CTLA4 vectors did not enhance survival compared to vector control groups.
104	12810866	These include: cathepsin S, oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), GARG49/IRG2, lymphocyte antigen-6A (Ly-6A), macrophage activation gene-2 (Mpa2), early growth response gene1 (Egr1), pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (P5N), apolipoprotein D (ApoD) and STAT1.
105	12810866	In addition, GARG49, STAT1, cathepsin S and ApoD are known to be upregulated in the CNS by Sindbis virus, an alphavirus, and this supports the proposal that common host cell pathways are activated in the CNS by different neurotropic viruses.
106	12824380	MHCPred implements robust statistical models for both Class I alleles (HLA-A*0101, HLA-A*0201, HLA-A*0202, HLA-A*0203, HLA-A*0206, HLA-A*0301, HLA-A*1101, HLA-A*3301, HLA-A*6801, HLA-A*6802 and HLA-B*3501) and Class II alleles (HLA-DRB*0401, HLA-DRB*0401 and HLA-DRB*0701).
107	12874330	Here we describe immune responses associated with, and the protective efficacy of, genomic Plasmodium chabaudi adami DS expression libraries constructed in VR1020 (secretory), monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (chemoattractant), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (lymph node-targeting) DNA vaccine vectors.
108	14564482	The other CTL clone, T1/33, was CD8+ and recognized HLA-B*3501 or B*3503 complexed with an MCE, RPVASDFEP, derived from the c-abl sequence in proximity to the p210(b3a2) fusion point.
109	14579264	Although cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-directed epitopes binding to human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A molecules have been well characterized, those binding to HLA-B molecules have not, largely due to their large diversity.
110	14579264	In this study we report a unique cancer antigen gene, tentatively named Testin-related gene (TRG), which encodes CTL-directed epitopes on the HLA-B52 molecules most frequently expressed in Asians.
111	14579264	TRG is located in an intron of the putative tumor suppressor gene Testin in the common fragile site 7G region at 7q31.2.
112	14629978	We have exemplified our method with a model for peptides binding to the common human MHC molecule HLA-B*3501.
113	14760090	gp100(209-2M) peptide immunization of human lymphocyte antigen-A2+ stage I-III melanoma patients induces significant increase in antigen-specific effector and long-term memory CD8+ T cells.
114	14760090	Ex vivo IFN-gamma cytokine flow cytometry analysis of postvaccine PBMCs after brief gp100(209-2M) in vitro activation showed that for all of the patients studied tetramer(+) CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma; however, some patients had significant numbers of tetramer(+) IFN-gamma(-) CD8(+)T cells suggesting functional anergy.
115	14760090	Additionally, 8 day gp100(209-2M) in vitro stimulation (IVS) of pre- and postvaccine PBMCs resulted in significant expansion of tetramer(+) CD8(+) T cells from postvaccine cells for 34 patients, and these IVS tetramer(+) CD8(+) T cells were functionally responsive by IFN-gamma cytokine flow cytometry analysis after restimulation with either native or modified gp100 peptide.
116	14760090	Overall, this report demonstrates that after vaccination with a MHC class I-restricted melanoma peptide, resected nonmetastatic melanoma patients can mount a significant antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune response with a functionally intact memory component.
117	14770085	CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte recognition of prostate specific antigen in granulomatous prostatitis.
118	14770085	Several CD4+ and CD8+ TcR alpha/beta+ T-cell lines were selected for PSA reactivity as measured by at least a threefold increase in IFN-gamma secretion in response to PSA presented by irradiated autologous PBMC.
119	14770085	CD4 and CD8 T-cell lines recognized PSA in the context of HLA-DRbeta1*1501 and HLA-B*0702, respectively.
120	14770085	To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of HLA-DRB1*1501- or HLA-B*0702-restricted responses to PSA and extends the number of HLA molecules accommodating the use of PSA antigen as a candidate vaccine for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
121	14770085	CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte recognition of prostate specific antigen in granulomatous prostatitis.
122	14770085	Several CD4+ and CD8+ TcR alpha/beta+ T-cell lines were selected for PSA reactivity as measured by at least a threefold increase in IFN-gamma secretion in response to PSA presented by irradiated autologous PBMC.
123	14770085	CD4 and CD8 T-cell lines recognized PSA in the context of HLA-DRbeta1*1501 and HLA-B*0702, respectively.
124	14770085	To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of HLA-DRB1*1501- or HLA-B*0702-restricted responses to PSA and extends the number of HLA molecules accommodating the use of PSA antigen as a candidate vaccine for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
125	14978138	We report on the role of specific CD8(+) T cells in the pathogenesis of a highly lethal human viral disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).
126	14978138	Individuals with HLA-B*3501 have an increased risk of developing severe HPS, suggesting that CD8(+) T cell responses to SNV contribute to pathogenesis.
127	14978138	We identified three CD8(+) T cell epitopes in SNV presented by HLA-B*3501 and quantitated circulating SNV-specific CD8(+) T cells in 11 acute HPS patients using HLA/peptide tetramers.
128	14978138	We found significantly higher frequencies of SNV-specific T cells in patients with severe HPS requiring mechanical ventilation (up to 44.2% of CD8(+) T cells) than in moderately ill HPS patients hospitalized but not requiring mechanical ventilation (up to 9.8% of CD8(+) T cells).
129	14978138	These results imply that virus-specific CD8(+) T cells contribute to HPS disease outcome.
130	14978138	We report on the role of specific CD8(+) T cells in the pathogenesis of a highly lethal human viral disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).
131	14978138	Individuals with HLA-B*3501 have an increased risk of developing severe HPS, suggesting that CD8(+) T cell responses to SNV contribute to pathogenesis.
132	14978138	We identified three CD8(+) T cell epitopes in SNV presented by HLA-B*3501 and quantitated circulating SNV-specific CD8(+) T cells in 11 acute HPS patients using HLA/peptide tetramers.
133	14978138	We found significantly higher frequencies of SNV-specific T cells in patients with severe HPS requiring mechanical ventilation (up to 44.2% of CD8(+) T cells) than in moderately ill HPS patients hospitalized but not requiring mechanical ventilation (up to 9.8% of CD8(+) T cells).
134	14978138	These results imply that virus-specific CD8(+) T cells contribute to HPS disease outcome.
135	14981767	Sustained CD8+ T-cell immune response to a novel immunodominant HLA-B*0702-associated epitope derived from an Epstein-Barr virus helicase-primase-associated protein.
136	15009803	The allelic and haplotypic diversity of the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C loci was investigated in 852 subjects from five sub-Saharan populations from Kenya (Nandi and Luo), Mali (Dogon), Uganda, and Zambia.
137	15009803	The strength of the LD associations between alleles of HLA-A and HLA-B loci and those of HLA-B and HLA-C loci was on average of the same or higher magnitude as those observed in other non-African populations for the same pairs of loci.
138	15009803	The allelic and haplotypic diversity of the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C loci was investigated in 852 subjects from five sub-Saharan populations from Kenya (Nandi and Luo), Mali (Dogon), Uganda, and Zambia.
139	15009803	The strength of the LD associations between alleles of HLA-A and HLA-B loci and those of HLA-B and HLA-C loci was on average of the same or higher magnitude as those observed in other non-African populations for the same pairs of loci.
140	15121303	Out of all the alleles analyzed, HLA-B(*)7 (odds ratio (OR) 1.9; P = 0.05), DQA1(*)0104 (OR 4.6; P = 0.02) and DPA1(*)0202 (OR 4.8; P = 0.04) alleles were positively associated with hyperseropositivity, whereas HLA-B(*)44 (OR 0.4; P = 0.02), DRB1(*)01 (OR 0.6; P = 0.09), DRB1(*)08 (OR 0.3; P = 0.04), DQB1(*)0301 (OR 0.5; P = 0.04), and DPB1(*)0401 (OR 0.6; P = 0.03) alleles were negatively associated with hyperseropositivity.
141	15335320	Among the emerging agents and therapeutic targets presented were Bcl-2 antisense therapy, RAF kinases, heat-shock proteins, thalidomide and newer immunomodulatory drugs, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody and topical imiquimod.
142	15592417	The extreme polymorphism in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I region of the human genome is suggested to provide an advantage in pathogen defence mediated by CD8+ T cells.
143	15592417	HLA class I molecules present pathogen-derived peptides on the surface of infected cells for recognition by CD8+ T cells.
144	15592417	In 375 HIV-1-infected study subjects from southern Africa, a significantly greater number of CD8+ T-cell responses are HLA-B-restricted, compared to HLA-A (2.5-fold; P = 0.0033).
145	15592417	Here we show that variation in viral set-point, in absolute CD4 count and, by inference, in rate of disease progression in the cohort, is strongly associated with particular HLA-B but not HLA-A allele expression (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.91, respectively).
146	15592417	Moreover, substantially greater selection pressure is imposed on HIV-1 by HLA-B alleles than by HLA-A (4.4-fold, P = 0.0003).
147	15592417	The extreme polymorphism in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I region of the human genome is suggested to provide an advantage in pathogen defence mediated by CD8+ T cells.
148	15592417	HLA class I molecules present pathogen-derived peptides on the surface of infected cells for recognition by CD8+ T cells.
149	15592417	In 375 HIV-1-infected study subjects from southern Africa, a significantly greater number of CD8+ T-cell responses are HLA-B-restricted, compared to HLA-A (2.5-fold; P = 0.0033).
150	15592417	Here we show that variation in viral set-point, in absolute CD4 count and, by inference, in rate of disease progression in the cohort, is strongly associated with particular HLA-B but not HLA-A allele expression (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.91, respectively).
151	15592417	Moreover, substantially greater selection pressure is imposed on HIV-1 by HLA-B alleles than by HLA-A (4.4-fold, P = 0.0003).
152	15592417	The extreme polymorphism in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I region of the human genome is suggested to provide an advantage in pathogen defence mediated by CD8+ T cells.
153	15592417	HLA class I molecules present pathogen-derived peptides on the surface of infected cells for recognition by CD8+ T cells.
154	15592417	In 375 HIV-1-infected study subjects from southern Africa, a significantly greater number of CD8+ T-cell responses are HLA-B-restricted, compared to HLA-A (2.5-fold; P = 0.0033).
155	15592417	Here we show that variation in viral set-point, in absolute CD4 count and, by inference, in rate of disease progression in the cohort, is strongly associated with particular HLA-B but not HLA-A allele expression (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.91, respectively).
156	15592417	Moreover, substantially greater selection pressure is imposed on HIV-1 by HLA-B alleles than by HLA-A (4.4-fold, P = 0.0003).
157	15603879	Of all the alleles analyzed, HLA-B*3503 (median SI, 3.00; p = 0.031) and HLA-Cw*1502 (median SI, 3.19; p = 0.035) were positively associated with lymphoproliferative responses to rubella virus antigens, whereas the HLA-B*3901 (SI, 1.34; p = 0.066) allele was negatively associated.
158	15665097	The highly polymorphic gene products of the classical MHC class I genes in humans (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) play a critical role in the immune defense against intracellular infections.
159	15705910	Diverse CD8+ T-cell responses to renal cell carcinoma antigens in patients treated with an autologous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene-transduced renal tumor cell vaccine.
160	15705910	A phase I clinical trial with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor tumor cell vaccines in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) showed immune cell infiltration at vaccine sites and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to autologous tumor cells indicative of T-cell immunity.
161	15705910	A third line recognized a unique HLA-A*0101-restricted RCC antigen derived from a mutated KIAA1440 gene specific to the tumor.
162	15705910	In addition, two independent CTL lines and three clones were also generated from patient 26 and they recognized autologous tumor cells restricted through HLA-A*0205, HLA-A/B/C, and HLA-B/C.
163	15705910	These results show that paracrine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor tumor vaccines may generate a diverse repertoire of tumor-reactive CD8+ T-cell responses and emphasize the importance of polyvalency in the design of cancer immunotherapies.
164	15928582	With regard to HLA class I molecules, association with HLA-B was especially observed.HLA-B35 and -B8 correlated with chronic active hepatitis (CAH)and with hepatitis B carriers.
165	16210659	HLA-A*0201, HLA-A*1101, and HLA-B*0702 transgenic mice recognize numerous poxvirus determinants from a wide variety of viral gene products.
166	16210659	Using this panel in conjunction with CTLs from vaccinia virus-infected HLA transgenic mice, we identified 14 HLA-A*0201-, 4 HLA-A*1101-, and 3 HLA-B*0702-restricted CD8(+) T cell determinants distributed over 20 distinct proteins.
167	16210659	HLA-A*0201, HLA-A*1101, and HLA-B*0702 transgenic mice recognize numerous poxvirus determinants from a wide variety of viral gene products.
168	16210659	Using this panel in conjunction with CTLs from vaccinia virus-infected HLA transgenic mice, we identified 14 HLA-A*0201-, 4 HLA-A*1101-, and 3 HLA-B*0702-restricted CD8(+) T cell determinants distributed over 20 distinct proteins.
169	16242220	In addressing this issue, we have investigated the ability of ovine cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) mediated targeting and ruminant specific CpG optimised plasmids, both alone and in combination, to enhance immune responses in sheep to the pro cathepsin B (FhCatB) antigen from Fasciola hepatica.
170	16426711	The present study describes the immune response of dairy cattle to a DNA vaccine against ClfA and evaluates the ability of specific genetic adjuvants, targeting sequences (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) and transporter molecules (chitosan and copolymer) to modify the immune response of cows.
171	16451198	We investigated the genetic diversity of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles in remote populations of Cameroon.
172	16451198	Subjects from seven small, isolated, indigenous populations (N = 274) in the rainforest of southern Cameroon were typed for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles using a polymerase chain reaction/sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe assay and sequence analysis.
173	16451198	Multiple alleles of the HLA-A (N = 28), HLA-B (N = 41) and HLA-C (N = 21) loci were identified, of which A*2301[allele frequency (AF) = 12.8%], B*5802 (AF = 10.9%) and Cw*0401 (AF = 16.6%) were the most frequent individual alleles and A*02 (AF = 19.0%), B*58 (AF = 15.9%) and Cw*07 (AF = 22.4%) the most common serologically defined groups of alleles.
174	16451198	Heterozygosity values of 0.89, 0.92 and 0.89 were determined for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C, respectively.
175	16451198	We investigated the genetic diversity of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles in remote populations of Cameroon.
176	16451198	Subjects from seven small, isolated, indigenous populations (N = 274) in the rainforest of southern Cameroon were typed for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles using a polymerase chain reaction/sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe assay and sequence analysis.
177	16451198	Multiple alleles of the HLA-A (N = 28), HLA-B (N = 41) and HLA-C (N = 21) loci were identified, of which A*2301[allele frequency (AF) = 12.8%], B*5802 (AF = 10.9%) and Cw*0401 (AF = 16.6%) were the most frequent individual alleles and A*02 (AF = 19.0%), B*58 (AF = 15.9%) and Cw*07 (AF = 22.4%) the most common serologically defined groups of alleles.
178	16451198	Heterozygosity values of 0.89, 0.92 and 0.89 were determined for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C, respectively.
179	16451198	We investigated the genetic diversity of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles in remote populations of Cameroon.
180	16451198	Subjects from seven small, isolated, indigenous populations (N = 274) in the rainforest of southern Cameroon were typed for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles using a polymerase chain reaction/sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe assay and sequence analysis.
181	16451198	Multiple alleles of the HLA-A (N = 28), HLA-B (N = 41) and HLA-C (N = 21) loci were identified, of which A*2301[allele frequency (AF) = 12.8%], B*5802 (AF = 10.9%) and Cw*0401 (AF = 16.6%) were the most frequent individual alleles and A*02 (AF = 19.0%), B*58 (AF = 15.9%) and Cw*07 (AF = 22.4%) the most common serologically defined groups of alleles.
182	16451198	Heterozygosity values of 0.89, 0.92 and 0.89 were determined for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C, respectively.
183	16451198	We investigated the genetic diversity of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles in remote populations of Cameroon.
184	16451198	Subjects from seven small, isolated, indigenous populations (N = 274) in the rainforest of southern Cameroon were typed for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles using a polymerase chain reaction/sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe assay and sequence analysis.
185	16451198	Multiple alleles of the HLA-A (N = 28), HLA-B (N = 41) and HLA-C (N = 21) loci were identified, of which A*2301[allele frequency (AF) = 12.8%], B*5802 (AF = 10.9%) and Cw*0401 (AF = 16.6%) were the most frequent individual alleles and A*02 (AF = 19.0%), B*58 (AF = 15.9%) and Cw*07 (AF = 22.4%) the most common serologically defined groups of alleles.
186	16451198	Heterozygosity values of 0.89, 0.92 and 0.89 were determined for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C, respectively.
187	16524630	Quantitative matrix-based models for prediction of the proteasome cleavage sites in a protein were developed using a training set of 489 naturally processed T-cell epitopes (nonamer peptides) associated with HLA-A and HLA-B molecules.
188	16675075	Here, we show anti-caries DNA vaccines, pGJA-P and pGJA-P/VAX, encoding Streptococcus mutans antigens fused to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4), which binds to B7 molecule expressed on the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells.
189	16707616	Immunogenic HLA-B*0702-restricted epitopes derived from human telomerase reverse transcriptase that elicit antitumor cytotoxic T-cell responses.
190	16730267	The immunoglobulin superfamily occupies a central importance in this coordination of immune responses, and the CD28/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4):B7.1/B7.2 receptor/ligand grouping represents the archetypal example of these immune regulators.
191	16829305	In this article, we identify three new vaccinia human CD8+ T-cell epitopes conserved among vaccinia and variola viruses restricted by HLA-A2, HLA-B7, or HLA-B*3502, which belongs to the HLA-B7 supertype.
192	16859951	Broad immune responses, in particular specific for the NS3 protein and mediated by both CD8+ and CD4+T lymphocytes, are thought to play a critical role in the control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
193	16859951	In this study, we searched for novel HLA-B*0702 NS3 restricted epitopes following an optimized NS3NS4 immunization protocol in transgenic mice expressing HLA-B*0702 molecule.
194	16859951	The relevance of these epitopes to humans was demonstrated, as both were able in vitro to recall specific IFN-gamma and IL10-producing cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HCV infected patients.
195	16859951	Such epitopes enlarge the pool of NS3-specific CD8+T cell epitopes available to perform immunomonitoring of HCV infection and to develop vaccines.
196	16882705	However, HLA-C-restricted CTLs were unaffected by Nef, consistent with down-regulation of cell-surface HLA-A and -B but not HLA-C molecules.
197	16882705	Thus, CTLs vary dramatically in their susceptibility to Nef interference, suggesting differences in the relative importance of HLA-A- and HLA-B- versus HLA-C-restricted CTLs in vivo.
198	16884670	Experimental immunotherapy approaches in clinical development include 1) cytokines such as IL-7 and IL-21, 2) cytokine-antibody fusion proteins or immunocytokines, 3) whole tumor cell vaccines, 4) genetically modified tumor cells, 5) heat shock protein vaccines, 6) peptide vaccines, 7) dendritic cells pulsed with tumor antigens, 8) tumor antigen-naked DNA vectors, 9) recombinant viral vectors (either alone or in a prime boost schedule), 10) adoptive transfer of cloned tumor antigen-specific T cells, 11) Toll-like receptor ligands, 12) antagonistic antibodies to the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4, CD152), and 13) activating antibodies to CD40 and CD137 (41-BB).
199	16896154	CTLA-4 blockade decreases TGF-beta, IDO, and viral RNA expression in tissues of SIVmac251-infected macaques.
200	16896154	Regulatory T (T(reg)) cells are a subset of CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells that constitutively express high levels of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and suppress T-cell activation and effector functions.
201	16896154	CTLA-4 blockade decreased expression of the tryptophan-depleting enzyme IDO and the level of the suppressive cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in tissues.
202	16896154	CTLA-4 blockade was associated with decreased viral RNA levels in lymph nodes and an increase in the effector function of both SIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells.
203	16932347	Seventeen novel BCR-ABL fusion peptides were identified to bind efficiently to the human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-A68, HLA-B51, HLA-B61 or HLA-Cw4 HLA class I molecules.
204	16951352	HLA-B*57 is associated with slower disease progression to AIDS, and CD8+ T cell responses to B*57-restricted epitopes are thought to contribute to this protective effect.
205	17096150	It is processed in various melanoma cell lines expressing MAGE-C2 and HLA-B*4403.
206	17106278	We found 10 class I alleles present in more than 10% of the population: HLA-A*02, HLA-A*11, HLA-A*24, HLA-B*13, HLA-B*15, HLA-B*40, HLA-Cw*03, HLA-Cw*07, HLA-Cw*01, and HLA-Cw*06.
207	17106278	Several class II alleles were found at high frequency (>or=10%): HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4, HLA-DRB5, HLA-DRB1*0701, HLA-DRB1*1501, HLA-DRB1*0401, HLA-DRB1*0901, HLA-DRB1*1201, HLA-DQB1*0601, HLA-DQB1*0301, HLA-DQB1*0201, HLA-DQB1*0501, and HLA-DQB*0303.
208	17106278	The HLA-B*14 allele was only found in the HIV-1-seropositive group, and many 2-locus haplotypes were significantly overrepresented in this group: HLA-B*14/Cw*08, HLA-B*51/Cw*14, HLA-A*02/B*13, HLA-A*31/Cw*14, HLA-A*02/Cw*06, and the class II haplotype HLA-DRB1*1301/DQB1*0601.
209	17106278	Alleles significantly increased in the HIV-1-seronegative controls were HLA-B*44, HLA-Cw*04, and HLA-DRB1*1402.
210	17106278	Overrepresented 2-locus haplotypes in the control group were HLA-B*44/Cw*04, HLA-A*31/Cw*03, HLA-A*03/Cw*07, HLA-A*11/B*13, HLA-A*11/B*38, HLA-A*24/B*52, and HLA-A*11/Cw*01.
211	17106278	We found 10 class I alleles present in more than 10% of the population: HLA-A*02, HLA-A*11, HLA-A*24, HLA-B*13, HLA-B*15, HLA-B*40, HLA-Cw*03, HLA-Cw*07, HLA-Cw*01, and HLA-Cw*06.
212	17106278	Several class II alleles were found at high frequency (>or=10%): HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4, HLA-DRB5, HLA-DRB1*0701, HLA-DRB1*1501, HLA-DRB1*0401, HLA-DRB1*0901, HLA-DRB1*1201, HLA-DQB1*0601, HLA-DQB1*0301, HLA-DQB1*0201, HLA-DQB1*0501, and HLA-DQB*0303.
213	17106278	The HLA-B*14 allele was only found in the HIV-1-seropositive group, and many 2-locus haplotypes were significantly overrepresented in this group: HLA-B*14/Cw*08, HLA-B*51/Cw*14, HLA-A*02/B*13, HLA-A*31/Cw*14, HLA-A*02/Cw*06, and the class II haplotype HLA-DRB1*1301/DQB1*0601.
214	17106278	Alleles significantly increased in the HIV-1-seronegative controls were HLA-B*44, HLA-Cw*04, and HLA-DRB1*1402.
215	17106278	Overrepresented 2-locus haplotypes in the control group were HLA-B*44/Cw*04, HLA-A*31/Cw*03, HLA-A*03/Cw*07, HLA-A*11/B*13, HLA-A*11/B*38, HLA-A*24/B*52, and HLA-A*11/Cw*01.
216	17106278	We found 10 class I alleles present in more than 10% of the population: HLA-A*02, HLA-A*11, HLA-A*24, HLA-B*13, HLA-B*15, HLA-B*40, HLA-Cw*03, HLA-Cw*07, HLA-Cw*01, and HLA-Cw*06.
217	17106278	Several class II alleles were found at high frequency (>or=10%): HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4, HLA-DRB5, HLA-DRB1*0701, HLA-DRB1*1501, HLA-DRB1*0401, HLA-DRB1*0901, HLA-DRB1*1201, HLA-DQB1*0601, HLA-DQB1*0301, HLA-DQB1*0201, HLA-DQB1*0501, and HLA-DQB*0303.
218	17106278	The HLA-B*14 allele was only found in the HIV-1-seropositive group, and many 2-locus haplotypes were significantly overrepresented in this group: HLA-B*14/Cw*08, HLA-B*51/Cw*14, HLA-A*02/B*13, HLA-A*31/Cw*14, HLA-A*02/Cw*06, and the class II haplotype HLA-DRB1*1301/DQB1*0601.
219	17106278	Alleles significantly increased in the HIV-1-seronegative controls were HLA-B*44, HLA-Cw*04, and HLA-DRB1*1402.
220	17106278	Overrepresented 2-locus haplotypes in the control group were HLA-B*44/Cw*04, HLA-A*31/Cw*03, HLA-A*03/Cw*07, HLA-A*11/B*13, HLA-A*11/B*38, HLA-A*24/B*52, and HLA-A*11/Cw*01.
221	17106278	We found 10 class I alleles present in more than 10% of the population: HLA-A*02, HLA-A*11, HLA-A*24, HLA-B*13, HLA-B*15, HLA-B*40, HLA-Cw*03, HLA-Cw*07, HLA-Cw*01, and HLA-Cw*06.
222	17106278	Several class II alleles were found at high frequency (>or=10%): HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4, HLA-DRB5, HLA-DRB1*0701, HLA-DRB1*1501, HLA-DRB1*0401, HLA-DRB1*0901, HLA-DRB1*1201, HLA-DQB1*0601, HLA-DQB1*0301, HLA-DQB1*0201, HLA-DQB1*0501, and HLA-DQB*0303.
223	17106278	The HLA-B*14 allele was only found in the HIV-1-seropositive group, and many 2-locus haplotypes were significantly overrepresented in this group: HLA-B*14/Cw*08, HLA-B*51/Cw*14, HLA-A*02/B*13, HLA-A*31/Cw*14, HLA-A*02/Cw*06, and the class II haplotype HLA-DRB1*1301/DQB1*0601.
224	17106278	Alleles significantly increased in the HIV-1-seronegative controls were HLA-B*44, HLA-Cw*04, and HLA-DRB1*1402.
225	17106278	Overrepresented 2-locus haplotypes in the control group were HLA-B*44/Cw*04, HLA-A*31/Cw*03, HLA-A*03/Cw*07, HLA-A*11/B*13, HLA-A*11/B*38, HLA-A*24/B*52, and HLA-A*11/Cw*01.
226	17119951	The modular concept increased the number of predictable alleles from 15 to 75 of HLA-A and 12 to 36 of HLA-B proteins.
227	17162382	The relative risks of HLA class I genotypes for Rasmussen syndrome are 6.1 (A*2402), 6.4 (A*0201), 6.3 (A*2601) and 11.4 (B*4601).
228	17215337	We studied the association between HLA alleles and rubella-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (Th1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (Th2) cytokine responses among 106 healthy children (ages, 14 to 17 years) previously immunized with two doses of rubella vaccine.
229	17215337	Several class I HLA-A (*0201, *2402, *6801) alleles were significantly associated with rubella vaccine-induced IFN-gamma secretion.
230	17215337	Several class II HLA-DRB1 (*0101) and HLA-DQB1 (*0501) alleles were also suggestive of an association with IFN-gamma secretion.
231	17215337	Alleles with potential associations with rubella-specific IL-10 production included HLA-A (*0201, *6801), HLA-B (*4901), and HLA-DRB1 (*1302).
232	17215337	The class I A*0201 and A*6801 alleles were associated with both IFN-gamma and IL-10 secretion.
233	17263647	HLA-B alleles were involved in more associations (50%) than alleles from either the HLA-A (27%) or HLA-C (24%) loci.
234	17429413	Impact of MHC class I alleles on the M. tuberculosis antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
235	17429413	Affinity (ED(50)) and half-life (t(1/2), off-rate) analysis for individual peptide species on HLA-A and HLA-B molecules revealed binding ranges between 10(-3) and 10(-7) M.
236	17429413	Peptides that bound with slow off-rates to class I alleles, that is HLA-A*0201, were associated with low frequency of CD8+ T cells in PBMCs from patients with tuberculosis.
237	17429413	HLA-B alleles showed fast off-rates in peptide binding and restricted high numbers (up to 6%) of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
238	17429413	Impact of MHC class I alleles on the M. tuberculosis antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
239	17429413	Affinity (ED(50)) and half-life (t(1/2), off-rate) analysis for individual peptide species on HLA-A and HLA-B molecules revealed binding ranges between 10(-3) and 10(-7) M.
240	17429413	Peptides that bound with slow off-rates to class I alleles, that is HLA-A*0201, were associated with low frequency of CD8+ T cells in PBMCs from patients with tuberculosis.
241	17429413	HLA-B alleles showed fast off-rates in peptide binding and restricted high numbers (up to 6%) of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
242	17505014	To determine whether the leukemia-associated Wilms tumor antigen (WT1) contributes to a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we studied CD8(+) T-cell responses to WT1 in 10 human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201-positive ALL patients during the early phase of immune recovery after SCT (days 30-120).
243	17505014	Using WT1/HLA-A*0201 tetramers and intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) staining, WT1(+) CD8(+) T-cell responses after SCT were found only in patients with detectable WT1 expression before SCT (5 of 7 vs. 0 of 3; P < .05).
244	17505014	To monitor the kinetics of WT1(+) CD8(+) T-cell responses and disease regression after SCT, absolute WT1(+) CD8(+) T-cell numbers and WT1 expression were studied for each time point.
245	17505014	The emergence of WT1(+) CD8(+) T cells was associated with a decrease in WT1 expression, suggesting a WT1-driven GVL effect.
246	17505014	Loss of WT1(+) CD8(+) T-cell responses was associated with reappearance of WT1 transcripts, consistent with a molecular relapse (P < .001).
247	17505014	WT1(+) CD8(+) T cells had a predominantly effector-memory phenotype (CD45RO(+) CD27(-)CD57(+)) and produced IFN-gamma.
248	17505014	Our results support the immunogenicity of WT1 after SCT for ALL and highlight the potential for WT1 vaccines to boost GVL after SCT for ALL.
249	17673617	Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), a key negative regulator of T-cell responses, can restrict the antitumor immune response.
250	17892322	Immunodominant tuberculosis CD8 antigens preferentially restricted by HLA-B.
251	17892322	First, using IFN-gamma ELISPOT and synthetic peptide arrays as a source of antigen, we measured ex vivo frequencies of CD8(+) T cells recognizing known immunodominant CD4(+) T cell antigens in persons with latent tuberculosis infection.
252	17892322	In all cases, peptide representing the minimal epitope bound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricting allele with high affinity, and in all but one case the restricting allele was an HLA-B allele.
253	17892322	We conclude that Mtb-specific CD8(+) T cells are found in high frequency in infected individuals and are restricted predominantly by HLA-B alleles, and that synthetic peptide arrays can be used to define epitope specificities without prior bias as to MHC binding affinity.
254	17892322	Immunodominant tuberculosis CD8 antigens preferentially restricted by HLA-B.
255	17892322	First, using IFN-gamma ELISPOT and synthetic peptide arrays as a source of antigen, we measured ex vivo frequencies of CD8(+) T cells recognizing known immunodominant CD4(+) T cell antigens in persons with latent tuberculosis infection.
256	17892322	In all cases, peptide representing the minimal epitope bound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricting allele with high affinity, and in all but one case the restricting allele was an HLA-B allele.
257	17892322	We conclude that Mtb-specific CD8(+) T cells are found in high frequency in infected individuals and are restricted predominantly by HLA-B alleles, and that synthetic peptide arrays can be used to define epitope specificities without prior bias as to MHC binding affinity.
258	17892322	Immunodominant tuberculosis CD8 antigens preferentially restricted by HLA-B.
259	17892322	First, using IFN-gamma ELISPOT and synthetic peptide arrays as a source of antigen, we measured ex vivo frequencies of CD8(+) T cells recognizing known immunodominant CD4(+) T cell antigens in persons with latent tuberculosis infection.
260	17892322	In all cases, peptide representing the minimal epitope bound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricting allele with high affinity, and in all but one case the restricting allele was an HLA-B allele.
261	17892322	We conclude that Mtb-specific CD8(+) T cells are found in high frequency in infected individuals and are restricted predominantly by HLA-B alleles, and that synthetic peptide arrays can be used to define epitope specificities without prior bias as to MHC binding affinity.
262	17989341	Human leukocyte antigens (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1), four lymphotoxin alpha single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and complement C4A and C4B allotypes were typed, and their haplotypes were inferred.
263	17989341	Smokers with HLA-B*35 or HLA-A*03-B*35 had markers of C. pneumoniae infection that appeared more often than in smokers without these genes (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively).
264	17989341	Human leukocyte antigens (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1), four lymphotoxin alpha single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and complement C4A and C4B allotypes were typed, and their haplotypes were inferred.
265	17989341	Smokers with HLA-B*35 or HLA-A*03-B*35 had markers of C. pneumoniae infection that appeared more often than in smokers without these genes (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively).
266	18027152	A new strategy has been identified involving cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4).
267	18032491	A single blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-center phase I clinical trial of a CD8(+) T-cell peptide epitope vaccine against infectious mononucleosis was conducted with 14 HLA B*0801-positive, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seronegative adults.
268	18057233	For instance, the mutation V190I in subtype A1-infected individuals is associated with HLA-B*5802 (P = 4.73 x 10(-4)), a rapid-progression allele according to other studies, and also to a decreased mean CD4 count (P = 0.019).
269	18364009	Enhancing the clinical activity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting tumor cell vaccines.
270	18364009	A comparative analysis of vaccination with irradiated, murine tumor cells engineered to express a large number of immunostimulatory molecules established the superior ability of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to evoke potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity.
271	18364009	These include milk fat globule epidermal growth factor protein-8 expansion of forkhead box protein 3+ regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4-mediated negative costimulation, and soluble major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A suppression of NKG2D-dependent innate and adaptive anti-tumor cytotoxicity.
272	18434400	Significantly more HLA-B (chi(2); P = 3.59 x 10(-5)) and HLA-C (chi(2); P = 4.71 x 10(-6)) alleles were associated with amino acid changes than HLA-A, highlighting their importance in driving viral evolution.
273	18450004	Studied alleles comprise HLA-A*0101, HLA-A*0201, HLA-A*0202, HLA-A*0203, HLA-A*0206, HLA-A*0301, HLA-A*1101, HLA-A*3101, HLA-A*6801, HLA-A*6802, HLA-B*3501, H2-K(k), H2-K(b), H2-D(b) HLA-DRB1*0101, HLA-DRB1*0401, HLA-DRB1*0701, I-A(b), I-A(d), I-A(k), I-A(S), I-E(d), and I-E(k).
274	18463542	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a key negative regulator of T-cell activation.
275	18538615	Seven of these 17-mer peptides induced HLA-B*5401-restricted CD8+ T cell responses.
276	18538615	Only five HLA-B*5401-restricted Pol- or Nef-specific CD8+ T cell responses were detected in the analysis using 11-mer overlapping peptides.
277	18538615	These epitope-specific CD8+ T cells were elicited in more than 25% of chronically HIV-1-infected individuals carrying HLA-B*5401.
278	18538615	Seven of these 17-mer peptides induced HLA-B*5401-restricted CD8+ T cell responses.
279	18538615	Only five HLA-B*5401-restricted Pol- or Nef-specific CD8+ T cell responses were detected in the analysis using 11-mer overlapping peptides.
280	18538615	These epitope-specific CD8+ T cells were elicited in more than 25% of chronically HIV-1-infected individuals carrying HLA-B*5401.
281	18538615	Seven of these 17-mer peptides induced HLA-B*5401-restricted CD8+ T cell responses.
282	18538615	Only five HLA-B*5401-restricted Pol- or Nef-specific CD8+ T cell responses were detected in the analysis using 11-mer overlapping peptides.
283	18538615	These epitope-specific CD8+ T cells were elicited in more than 25% of chronically HIV-1-infected individuals carrying HLA-B*5401.
284	18552348	For example, aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA), PLA2, SIAT8B, GALNT7, or B3GAT1 metabolize chemical ligands to which the influenza virus, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella, or Toxoplasma gondii bind.
285	18552348	The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGR/EGFR) is used by the CMV to gain entry to cells, and a CMV gene codes for an interleukin (IL-10) mimic that binds the host cognate receptor, IL10R.
286	18552348	The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1) is used by herpes simplex.
287	18552348	KPNA3 and RANBP5 control the nuclear import of the influenza virus.
288	18552348	Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) controls the microtubule network that is used by viruses as a route to the nucleus, while DTNBP1, MUTED, and BLOC1S3 regulate endosomal to lysosomal routing that is also important in viral traffic.
289	18552348	Neuregulin 1 activates ERBB receptors releasing a factor, EBP1, known to inhibit the influenza virus transcriptase.
290	18552348	Other viral or bacterial components bind to genes or proteins encoded by CALR, FEZ1, FYN, HSPA1B, IL2, HTR2A, KPNA3, MED12, MED15, MICB, NQO2, PAX6, PIK3C3, RANBP5, or TP53, while the cerebral infectivity of the herpes simplex virus is modified by Apolipoprotein E (APOE).
291	18552348	Genes encoding for proteins related to the innate immune response, including cytokine related (CCR5, CSF2RA, CSF2RB, IL1B, IL1RN, IL2, IL3, IL3RA, IL4, IL10, IL10RA, IL18RAP, lymphotoxin-alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF]), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens (HLA-A10, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1), and genes involved in antigen processing (angiotensin-converting enzyme and tripeptidyl peptidase 2) are all concerned with defense against invading pathogens.
292	18552348	Human microRNAs (Hsa-mir-198 and Hsa-mir-206) are predicted to bind to influenza, rubella, or poliovirus genes.
293	18612636	A new tyrosinase epitope recognized in the HLA-B*4002 context by CTL from melanoma patients.
294	18824733	Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B, DRB1, and DQB1 allotypes associated with disease and protection of trachoma endemic villagers.
295	18941228	Viral peptides are presented by HLA class I on infected cells to activate CD8(+) T cells.
296	18941228	We describe 12 viral peptides presented by HLA-A*0201 and 3 by HLA-B*0702.
297	18982067	HIV-1 disease-influencing effects associated with ZNRD1, HCP5 and HLA-C alleles are attributable mainly to either HLA-A10 or HLA-B*57 alleles.
298	18982067	A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) suggested that polymorphisms in or around the genes HCP5, HLA-C and ZNRD1 confer restriction against HIV-1 viral replication or disease progression.
299	18982067	We also find that because of linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns, the dominant viral load- and disease-influencing associations for the ZNRD1 or HLA-C and HCP5 alleles are apparent mainly when these alleles are present in HLA-A10- or HLA-B*57-containing haplotypes, respectively.
300	18982067	Furthermore, HCP5 and HLA-C alleles stratify B*57-containing genotypes into those that associate with either striking disease retardation or progressive disease, providing one explanation for the long-standing conundrum of why some HLA-B*57-carrying individuals are long-term non-progressors, whereas others exhibit progressive disease.
301	18982067	They specifically demonstrate that the influence of ZNRD1 alleles on disease progression rates are attributable to HLA-A10, help clarify the relationship between the HCP5, HLA-C and HLA-B*57 alleles, and reaffirm a critical role of HLA-B*57 alleles in HIV disease.
302	18982067	HIV-1 disease-influencing effects associated with ZNRD1, HCP5 and HLA-C alleles are attributable mainly to either HLA-A10 or HLA-B*57 alleles.
303	18982067	A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) suggested that polymorphisms in or around the genes HCP5, HLA-C and ZNRD1 confer restriction against HIV-1 viral replication or disease progression.
304	18982067	We also find that because of linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns, the dominant viral load- and disease-influencing associations for the ZNRD1 or HLA-C and HCP5 alleles are apparent mainly when these alleles are present in HLA-A10- or HLA-B*57-containing haplotypes, respectively.
305	18982067	Furthermore, HCP5 and HLA-C alleles stratify B*57-containing genotypes into those that associate with either striking disease retardation or progressive disease, providing one explanation for the long-standing conundrum of why some HLA-B*57-carrying individuals are long-term non-progressors, whereas others exhibit progressive disease.
306	18982067	They specifically demonstrate that the influence of ZNRD1 alleles on disease progression rates are attributable to HLA-A10, help clarify the relationship between the HCP5, HLA-C and HLA-B*57 alleles, and reaffirm a critical role of HLA-B*57 alleles in HIV disease.
307	18982067	HIV-1 disease-influencing effects associated with ZNRD1, HCP5 and HLA-C alleles are attributable mainly to either HLA-A10 or HLA-B*57 alleles.
308	18982067	A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) suggested that polymorphisms in or around the genes HCP5, HLA-C and ZNRD1 confer restriction against HIV-1 viral replication or disease progression.
309	18982067	We also find that because of linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns, the dominant viral load- and disease-influencing associations for the ZNRD1 or HLA-C and HCP5 alleles are apparent mainly when these alleles are present in HLA-A10- or HLA-B*57-containing haplotypes, respectively.
310	18982067	Furthermore, HCP5 and HLA-C alleles stratify B*57-containing genotypes into those that associate with either striking disease retardation or progressive disease, providing one explanation for the long-standing conundrum of why some HLA-B*57-carrying individuals are long-term non-progressors, whereas others exhibit progressive disease.
311	18982067	They specifically demonstrate that the influence of ZNRD1 alleles on disease progression rates are attributable to HLA-A10, help clarify the relationship between the HCP5, HLA-C and HLA-B*57 alleles, and reaffirm a critical role of HLA-B*57 alleles in HIV disease.
312	18982067	HIV-1 disease-influencing effects associated with ZNRD1, HCP5 and HLA-C alleles are attributable mainly to either HLA-A10 or HLA-B*57 alleles.
313	18982067	A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) suggested that polymorphisms in or around the genes HCP5, HLA-C and ZNRD1 confer restriction against HIV-1 viral replication or disease progression.
314	18982067	We also find that because of linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns, the dominant viral load- and disease-influencing associations for the ZNRD1 or HLA-C and HCP5 alleles are apparent mainly when these alleles are present in HLA-A10- or HLA-B*57-containing haplotypes, respectively.
315	18982067	Furthermore, HCP5 and HLA-C alleles stratify B*57-containing genotypes into those that associate with either striking disease retardation or progressive disease, providing one explanation for the long-standing conundrum of why some HLA-B*57-carrying individuals are long-term non-progressors, whereas others exhibit progressive disease.
316	18982067	They specifically demonstrate that the influence of ZNRD1 alleles on disease progression rates are attributable to HLA-A10, help clarify the relationship between the HCP5, HLA-C and HLA-B*57 alleles, and reaffirm a critical role of HLA-B*57 alleles in HIV disease.
317	19001147	Targeted biologic therapies such as anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy or vaccines, have shown great promise in late-stage melanoma, which has a very poor prognosis.
318	19107404	This study aims at investigating the efficacy of a novel vaccine consisting of modified HPV 16E7 fused with human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4).
319	19107404	C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice immunized with low dose of the fusion protein (10 microg) produced higher titer antibody and stronger specific CTL response, and expressed higher levels of IFN-gamma and IL-12, compared with those immunized with HPVml6E7 only or admixture of HPVml6E7 and CTLA4, or PBS; and were protected from lethal dose tumor challenge.
320	19157553	By lengthening previously defined T cell epitopes by central amino acid insertion, we demonstrate that the peptide length specificity of some common HLA class I alleles (HLA-B*3501, B*0702 and A*2402) is very broad, and includes peptides of up to 25 residues.
321	19191906	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) uniformly suppresses antigen-specific T cells during chronic infection with bacterial, parasitic or viral pathogens.
322	19191906	Although Foxp3(+) CD4(+) T cells are the predominant CTLA-4-expressing cell type in naïve mice, antigen-specific Foxp3(-) CD4(+) cells upregulate CTLA-4 expression after primary L. monocytogenes infection.
323	19191906	Blockade of CTLA-4 results in increased numbers of L. monocytogenes-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells after primary infection with attenuated L. monocytogenes, and confers more rapid bacterial clearance after secondary challenge with virulent L. monocytogenes.
324	19242411	HLA molecules present fragments (epitopes) of HIV proteins on the surface of infected cells to enable immune recognition and killing by CD8(+) T cells; particular HLA molecules, such as HLA-B*57, HLA-B*27 and HLA-B*51, are more likely to mediate successful control of HIV infection.
325	19242411	Extending these analyses to incorporate other well-defined CD8(+) T-cell epitopes, including those restricted by HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*27, showed that the frequency of these epitope variants (n = 14) was consistently correlated with the prevalence of the restricting HLA allele in the different cohorts (together, P < 0.0001), demonstrating strong evidence of HIV adaptation to HLA at a population level.
326	19242411	HLA molecules present fragments (epitopes) of HIV proteins on the surface of infected cells to enable immune recognition and killing by CD8(+) T cells; particular HLA molecules, such as HLA-B*57, HLA-B*27 and HLA-B*51, are more likely to mediate successful control of HIV infection.
327	19242411	Extending these analyses to incorporate other well-defined CD8(+) T-cell epitopes, including those restricted by HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*27, showed that the frequency of these epitope variants (n = 14) was consistently correlated with the prevalence of the restricting HLA allele in the different cohorts (together, P < 0.0001), demonstrating strong evidence of HIV adaptation to HLA at a population level.
328	19330622	Fusing antigens to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) represents an effective approach to enhance DNA vaccine efficacy.
329	19556898	T-cell activation requires both antigen presentation to the T-cell receptor and a second signal mediated by CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells and CD28 on the T cell.
330	19556898	Ligand binding to CD28 on the T-cell surface leads to T-cell proliferation and expression of activating cytokines such as interleukin-2.
331	19556898	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), an inhibitory protein expressed on T cells, competes for the same ligands as CD28 and modulates T-cell activation.
332	19556898	Because CTLA-4 has a significantly higher binding efficiency than CD28, CTLA-4 is critical in maintaining immune tolerance to self-antigens and may also limit responses to tumor antigens and vaccine therapy.
333	19752747	A patient with metastatic melanoma who had progressive disease after prior surgical resections, high dose interleukin-2, and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody received sequential treatments with autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes that recognized the gp100 melanocyte differentiation antigen.
334	19759140	HLA-B*57-mediated selection pressure leads to a typical escape pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CD8 epitopes such as TW10.
335	19935381	A polymorphism in the HCP5 gene associated with HLA-B*5701 does not restrict HIV-1 in vitro.
336	19935381	A single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs2395029) in the HCP5 gene associated with HLA-B*5701 is correlated with lower HIV-1 viral set point.
337	19935381	No significant HIV-1 restriction was observed in the cells with infectivity assays throughout HIV-1 life cycle, suggesting that the association of HCP5 variant with viral control is likely due to HLA-B*5701-related effect or other functional variants in the haplotype or both.
338	19935381	A polymorphism in the HCP5 gene associated with HLA-B*5701 does not restrict HIV-1 in vitro.
339	19935381	A single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs2395029) in the HCP5 gene associated with HLA-B*5701 is correlated with lower HIV-1 viral set point.
340	19935381	No significant HIV-1 restriction was observed in the cells with infectivity assays throughout HIV-1 life cycle, suggesting that the association of HCP5 variant with viral control is likely due to HLA-B*5701-related effect or other functional variants in the haplotype or both.
341	19935381	A polymorphism in the HCP5 gene associated with HLA-B*5701 does not restrict HIV-1 in vitro.
342	19935381	A single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs2395029) in the HCP5 gene associated with HLA-B*5701 is correlated with lower HIV-1 viral set point.
343	19935381	No significant HIV-1 restriction was observed in the cells with infectivity assays throughout HIV-1 life cycle, suggesting that the association of HCP5 variant with viral control is likely due to HLA-B*5701-related effect or other functional variants in the haplotype or both.
344	19952852	Among these are ipilimumab and tremelimumab - fully human, monoclonal antibodies directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4).
345	20002212	Extensive major histocompatibility complex class I binding promiscuity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis TB10.4 peptides and immune dominance of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B*0702 and HLA-B*0801 alleles in TB10.4 CD8 T-cell responses.
346	20002212	The molecular definition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-presented CD8(+) T-cell epitopes from clinically relevant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) target proteins will aid in the rational design of T-cell-based diagnostics of tuberculosis (TB) and the measurement of TB vaccine-take.
347	20002212	Affinity (50% effective dose) and off-rate (half life) analysis of candidate Mtb peptides will help to define the conditions for CD8(+) T-cell interaction with their nominal MHC class I-peptide ligands.
348	20002212	HLA-B alleles served as the dominant MHC class I restricting molecules for anti-Mtb TB10.4-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses measured in CD8(+) T cells from patients with pulmonary TB.
349	20002212	Extensive major histocompatibility complex class I binding promiscuity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis TB10.4 peptides and immune dominance of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B*0702 and HLA-B*0801 alleles in TB10.4 CD8 T-cell responses.
350	20002212	The molecular definition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-presented CD8(+) T-cell epitopes from clinically relevant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) target proteins will aid in the rational design of T-cell-based diagnostics of tuberculosis (TB) and the measurement of TB vaccine-take.
351	20002212	Affinity (50% effective dose) and off-rate (half life) analysis of candidate Mtb peptides will help to define the conditions for CD8(+) T-cell interaction with their nominal MHC class I-peptide ligands.
352	20002212	HLA-B alleles served as the dominant MHC class I restricting molecules for anti-Mtb TB10.4-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses measured in CD8(+) T cells from patients with pulmonary TB.
353	20011145	Here, we report the results from the computational characterization of MSP1, precursor (1720 residue) and screening of highest scoring potential CTL epitopes for 1712 overlapping peptides binding to thirty four HLA class-I alleles and twelve HLA class-I supertypes (5 HLA-A and 7 HLA-B) using bioinformatics tools.
354	20160101	PD-1 and CTLA-4 combination blockade expands infiltrating T cells and reduces regulatory T and myeloid cells within B16 melanoma tumors.
355	20160101	Vaccination with irradiated B16 melanoma cells expressing either GM-CSF (Gvax) or Flt3-ligand (Fvax) combined with antibody blockade of the negative T-cell costimulatory receptor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) promotes rejection of preimplanted tumors.
356	20160101	Despite CTLA-4 blockade, T-cell proliferation and cytokine production can be inhibited by the interaction of programmed death-1 (PD-1) with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 or by the interaction of PD-L1 with B7-1.
357	20160101	Here, we show that the combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade is more than twice as effective as either alone in promoting the rejection of B16 melanomas in conjunction with Fvax.
358	20160101	Combination PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade increases effector T-cell (Teff) infiltration, resulting in highly advantageous Teff-to-regulatory T-cell ratios with the tumor.
359	20160101	The fraction of tumor-infiltrating Teffs expressing CTLA-4 and PD-1 increases, reflecting the proliferation and accumulation of cells that would otherwise be anergized.
360	20160101	IFN-gamma production increases in both the tumor and vaccine draining lymph nodes, as does the frequency of IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha double-producing CD8(+) T cells within the tumor.
361	20160101	These results suggest that combination blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1- and CTLA-4-negative costimulatory pathways allows tumor-specific T cells that would otherwise be inactivated to continue to expand and carry out effector functions, thereby shifting the tumor microenvironment from suppressive to inflammatory.
362	20174562	Tetramer analysis further showed that up to 16.8% of all circulating CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells were specific for the single HLA-B*3501-restricted epitope Gn(465-473) years after the acute infection.
363	20174562	Remarkably, Gn(465-473)-specific cells readily secreted IFN-gamma, granzyme B and TNF-alpha but not IL-2 upon stimulation and showed a 'revertant' CD45RA(+)CD27(-)CD28(-)CCR7(-)CD127(-) effector memory phenotype, thereby resembling a phenotype seen in other latent virus infections.
364	20375220	Ex vivo analysis of T cells from healthy virus carriers revealed a dominant CD8(+) T-cell response to the latency-associated pUL138 protein, which recognized a non-canonical 13 aa epitope in association with HLA-B*3501.
365	20445343	Enhanced tumor eradication by combining CTLA-4 or PD-1 blockade with CpG therapy.
366	20445343	Previous reports demonstrate that cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)-blocking antibodies promote T-cell activation and render T effector cells resistant to T regulatory cells (Tregs) whereas programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 blockade results in loss of peripheral tolerance.
367	20445343	Herein, we explored single or combined antibody blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1 alone or combined with the toll-like receptor agonists CpG or bacillus Calmette-Guérin for treatment of murine experimental bladder cancer.
368	20445343	However, elevated levels of circulating CD107a expressing CD8 T cells were found in the aCTLA-4 plus aPD-1 group.
369	20445343	CpG plus aCTLA-4 or aPD-1 increased the numbers of circulating tumor-specific CD107a expressing CD8 T cells as well as activated (CD25FoxP3-) CD4 splenocytes.
370	20445343	Thus, the combination of CpG with CTLA-4 or PD-1 blockade improved long-term survival and led to increased levels of tumor-reactive T cells and reduced numbers of Tregs at the tumor site.
371	20523897	This ability is not restricted to protective HLA-B haplotypes, does not require proliferation or the addition of exogenous factors, is not restored by HAART, and primarily originates from effector CD8(+) T-cells with otherwise limited functional capability.
372	20600449	Here I re-examine the origins of HLA class I supertypes using the nucleotide sequences of 88 HLA-A alleles and 117 HLA-B alleles.
373	20616031	We present immunological and structural analyses of cross-reactive CD8(+) T-cell-mediated immunity directed at a variable (although highly cross-reactive) immunodominant NP(418-426) peptide that binds to a large B7 family (HLA-B*3501/03/0702) found throughout human populations.
374	20638184	One approach that is currently being investigated is the potentiation of antitumour immune responses through blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4).
375	20654669	In this study we evaluated a recombinant lentiviral vector expressing the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (lv-hTERT) vaccination in the humanized HLA-B*0702 transgenic (HLA-B7 Tg) mice.
376	20654669	Unlike conventional hTERT peptide or DNA immunization, the lv-hTERT vector triggers high and sustained IFN-gamma producing CD8(+) T cell responses in HLA-B7 Tg mice.
377	20654669	The avidity and in vivo cytotoxicity of CD8(+) T cells were stronger in lv-hTERT vector-immunized mice than in hTERT peptide or DNA vaccinated groups.
378	20686036	Efficacious early antiviral activity of HIV Gag- and Pol-specific HLA-B 2705-restricted CD8+ T cells.
379	20686036	The association between HLA-B 2705 and the immune control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has previously been linked to the targeting of the HLA-B 2705-restricted Gag epitope KRWIILGLNK (KK10) by CD8(+) T cells.
380	20686036	In order to better define the mechanisms of the HLA-B 2705 immune control of HIV, we first characterized the CD8(+) T-cell responses of nine highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naïve B 2705-positive subjects.
381	20686036	By comparing inhibitions of viral replication by CD8(+) T cells specific for the Gag KK10, Pol KY9, and Vpr VL9 HLA-B 2705-restricted epitopes, we observed a consistent hierarchy of antiviral efficacy (Gag KK10 > Pol KY9 > Vpr VL9).
382	20686036	These data are consistent with previous studies indicating an important role for the B 2705-Gag KK10 response in the control of HIV but also suggest a previously unrecognized role played by the subdominant Pol-specific KY9 response in HLA-B 2705-mediated control of HIV and that the recognition of HIV-infected cells by CD8(+) T cells early in the viral life cycle may be important for viral containment in HIV-infected individuals.
383	20686036	Efficacious early antiviral activity of HIV Gag- and Pol-specific HLA-B 2705-restricted CD8+ T cells.
384	20686036	The association between HLA-B 2705 and the immune control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has previously been linked to the targeting of the HLA-B 2705-restricted Gag epitope KRWIILGLNK (KK10) by CD8(+) T cells.
385	20686036	In order to better define the mechanisms of the HLA-B 2705 immune control of HIV, we first characterized the CD8(+) T-cell responses of nine highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naïve B 2705-positive subjects.
386	20686036	By comparing inhibitions of viral replication by CD8(+) T cells specific for the Gag KK10, Pol KY9, and Vpr VL9 HLA-B 2705-restricted epitopes, we observed a consistent hierarchy of antiviral efficacy (Gag KK10 > Pol KY9 > Vpr VL9).
387	20686036	These data are consistent with previous studies indicating an important role for the B 2705-Gag KK10 response in the control of HIV but also suggest a previously unrecognized role played by the subdominant Pol-specific KY9 response in HLA-B 2705-mediated control of HIV and that the recognition of HIV-infected cells by CD8(+) T cells early in the viral life cycle may be important for viral containment in HIV-infected individuals.
388	20686036	Efficacious early antiviral activity of HIV Gag- and Pol-specific HLA-B 2705-restricted CD8+ T cells.
389	20686036	The association between HLA-B 2705 and the immune control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has previously been linked to the targeting of the HLA-B 2705-restricted Gag epitope KRWIILGLNK (KK10) by CD8(+) T cells.
390	20686036	In order to better define the mechanisms of the HLA-B 2705 immune control of HIV, we first characterized the CD8(+) T-cell responses of nine highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naïve B 2705-positive subjects.
391	20686036	By comparing inhibitions of viral replication by CD8(+) T cells specific for the Gag KK10, Pol KY9, and Vpr VL9 HLA-B 2705-restricted epitopes, we observed a consistent hierarchy of antiviral efficacy (Gag KK10 > Pol KY9 > Vpr VL9).
392	20686036	These data are consistent with previous studies indicating an important role for the B 2705-Gag KK10 response in the control of HIV but also suggest a previously unrecognized role played by the subdominant Pol-specific KY9 response in HLA-B 2705-mediated control of HIV and that the recognition of HIV-infected cells by CD8(+) T cells early in the viral life cycle may be important for viral containment in HIV-infected individuals.
393	20686036	Efficacious early antiviral activity of HIV Gag- and Pol-specific HLA-B 2705-restricted CD8+ T cells.
394	20686036	The association between HLA-B 2705 and the immune control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has previously been linked to the targeting of the HLA-B 2705-restricted Gag epitope KRWIILGLNK (KK10) by CD8(+) T cells.
395	20686036	In order to better define the mechanisms of the HLA-B 2705 immune control of HIV, we first characterized the CD8(+) T-cell responses of nine highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naïve B 2705-positive subjects.
396	20686036	By comparing inhibitions of viral replication by CD8(+) T cells specific for the Gag KK10, Pol KY9, and Vpr VL9 HLA-B 2705-restricted epitopes, we observed a consistent hierarchy of antiviral efficacy (Gag KK10 > Pol KY9 > Vpr VL9).
397	20686036	These data are consistent with previous studies indicating an important role for the B 2705-Gag KK10 response in the control of HIV but also suggest a previously unrecognized role played by the subdominant Pol-specific KY9 response in HLA-B 2705-mediated control of HIV and that the recognition of HIV-infected cells by CD8(+) T cells early in the viral life cycle may be important for viral containment in HIV-infected individuals.
398	20686036	Efficacious early antiviral activity of HIV Gag- and Pol-specific HLA-B 2705-restricted CD8+ T cells.
399	20686036	The association between HLA-B 2705 and the immune control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has previously been linked to the targeting of the HLA-B 2705-restricted Gag epitope KRWIILGLNK (KK10) by CD8(+) T cells.
400	20686036	In order to better define the mechanisms of the HLA-B 2705 immune control of HIV, we first characterized the CD8(+) T-cell responses of nine highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naïve B 2705-positive subjects.
401	20686036	By comparing inhibitions of viral replication by CD8(+) T cells specific for the Gag KK10, Pol KY9, and Vpr VL9 HLA-B 2705-restricted epitopes, we observed a consistent hierarchy of antiviral efficacy (Gag KK10 > Pol KY9 > Vpr VL9).
402	20686036	These data are consistent with previous studies indicating an important role for the B 2705-Gag KK10 response in the control of HIV but also suggest a previously unrecognized role played by the subdominant Pol-specific KY9 response in HLA-B 2705-mediated control of HIV and that the recognition of HIV-infected cells by CD8(+) T cells early in the viral life cycle may be important for viral containment in HIV-infected individuals.
403	21074057	Immune checkpoint proteins: a new therapeutic paradigm for cancer--preclinical background: CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade.
404	21074057	Promising clinical data have already been generated in melanoma and other tumor types with human antibodies directed against cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1).
405	21074057	In contrast, much of the early work with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies indicated that it had a potent therapeutic effect only when combined with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-transduced tumor vaccines, and that the antibody alone was effective only in the most immunogenic tumor models in mice.
406	21074057	Murine experiments also suggested that CTLA-4 abrogation might function via important effects on natural T-regulatory cells that were CD4(+), CD25(+high), and FOXp3(+), but this has not been borne out in experiments using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, and unlike in animals, in humans the exact mechanism(s) by which CTLA-4 abrogation induced an anti-tumor effect is still unclear.
407	21074057	Abrogation of PD-1 functions via different immune signaling pathways than CTLA-4 and is likely to have a different spectrum of effects than blocking CTLA-4.
408	21074060	A new era in the treatment of melanoma treatment has arrived with the anti-cytoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies.
409	21111964	This article reviews the current status of immunotherapy for melanoma, with a focus on the recent promising results from using vaccines, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, and adoptive cell therapy.
410	21169544	A total of 432 M. tuberculosis peptides predicted to bind to HLA-A*0201, HLA-A*0301, and HLA-B*0702 (representing the above supertypes) were synthesized and HLA-binding affinities determined.
411	21169544	Using HLA/peptide tetramers for the 18 most prominently recognized HLA-A*0201-binding M. tuberculosis peptides, recognition by cured TB patients' CD8(+) T cells was validated for all 18 epitopes.
412	21169544	Intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α revealed mono-, dual-, as well as triple-positive CD8(+) T cells, indicating these M. tuberculosis peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells were (poly)functional.
413	21169544	Control CMV peptide/HLA-A*0201 tetramers stained CD8(+) T cells in M. tuberculosis-infected and noninfected individuals equally, whereas Ebola peptide/HLA-A*0201 tetramers were negative.
414	21208850	It may be helpful to note that recent phase II data from a different therapeutic prostate cancer vaccine (Prostvac), as well as phase III data from an anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) blocking agent in metastatic melanoma, also show improved survival without short-term changes in disease progression.
415	21278214	No human genetic variant reached genome-wide significance, but polymorphisms located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region showed the strongest association with response to the HIV-1 Gag protein: HLA-B alleles known to be associated with differences in HIV-1 control were responsible for these associations.
416	21317818	New modalities of immunotherapy, such as melanoma antigen-specific therapeutic vaccination and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) receptor blockade by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), have been associated with atypical kinetics of tumor response that differ from those observed during cytotoxic treatment.
417	21734237	To inform this effort, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the effective CD8(+) T-cell clonotypes that constitute responses specific for the HIV p24 Gag-derived KK10 epitope (KRWIILGLNK; residues 263-272) restricted by HLA-B*2705, which are known to confer superior control of viral replication in HIV-infected individuals.
418	21734237	Particular KK10-specific CD8(+) T-cell clonotypes, characterized by TRBV4-3/TRBJ1-3 gene rearrangements, were found to be preferentially selected in vivo and shared between individuals.
419	21765403	Although the majority of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells lose proliferative capacity during chronic infection, T cells restricted by HLA-B*27 or HLA-B*57 allele groups do not.
420	21765403	This differential sensitivity of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells to T(reg) cell-mediated suppression correlates with their expression of the inhibitory receptor T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) after stimulation with their cognate epitopes.
421	21765403	Furthermore, we show that HLA-B*27- and HLA-B*57-restricted effectors also evade T(reg) cell-mediated suppression by directly killing T(reg) cells they encounter in a granzyme B (GzmB)-dependent manner.
422	21765403	Although the majority of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells lose proliferative capacity during chronic infection, T cells restricted by HLA-B*27 or HLA-B*57 allele groups do not.
423	21765403	This differential sensitivity of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells to T(reg) cell-mediated suppression correlates with their expression of the inhibitory receptor T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) after stimulation with their cognate epitopes.
424	21765403	Furthermore, we show that HLA-B*27- and HLA-B*57-restricted effectors also evade T(reg) cell-mediated suppression by directly killing T(reg) cells they encounter in a granzyme B (GzmB)-dependent manner.
425	21775516	We have determined 23 different HLA-B and 12 different HLA-DRB1 types in Slovenian HFRS patients.
426	21785964	A considerable body of evidence now indicates that CD8-specific immunity plays an important role in the control of cancer cell growth, and a number of vaccine studies are in progress to boost CTAg-specific cellular immune responses.
427	21785964	We have previously identified CTAg-specific immune responses in patients with multiple myeloma and reported that recognition of the MAGE-A1(289-298) peptide, which is described as being restricted by HLA-B*0702, was the most frequent response seen with our peptide panel.
428	21785964	Interestingly, one patient did not express HLA-B*0702, but three clones from this patient recognised the MAGE-A1(289-298) peptide on a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCLs) expressing HLA-Cw7, and we now show evidence that the MAGE-A1(289-298) peptide is expressed and recognised through Cw7.
429	21785964	A considerable body of evidence now indicates that CD8-specific immunity plays an important role in the control of cancer cell growth, and a number of vaccine studies are in progress to boost CTAg-specific cellular immune responses.
430	21785964	We have previously identified CTAg-specific immune responses in patients with multiple myeloma and reported that recognition of the MAGE-A1(289-298) peptide, which is described as being restricted by HLA-B*0702, was the most frequent response seen with our peptide panel.
431	21785964	Interestingly, one patient did not express HLA-B*0702, but three clones from this patient recognised the MAGE-A1(289-298) peptide on a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCLs) expressing HLA-Cw7, and we now show evidence that the MAGE-A1(289-298) peptide is expressed and recognised through Cw7.
432	21805091	The tests have been carried out on comparatively large Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A and HLA-B allele peptide three binding datasets extracted from the Immune epitope database and analysis resource.
433	21872631	We found significant associations with class I HLA-B (p=0.05) as well as class II HLA-DPB1 (p=0.01) and -DPA1 (p=0.03) genes for measles vaccine-induced antibody levels after the second dose.
434	21872631	Similarly, we found significant associations with class II HLA-DQB1 (p=0.05) and -DRB1 (p=0.01) genes for measles-specific lymphoproliferation after the second dose.
435	21933959	Integrated NY-ESO-1 antibody and CD8+ T-cell responses correlate with clinical benefit in advanced melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab.
436	21933959	Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), has been shown to improve survival in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma.
437	21933959	To understand why some patients with NY-ESO-1 antibody failed to experience clinical benefit, we analyzed NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses by intracellular multicytokine staining in 20 NY-ESO-1-seropositive patients and found a surprising dissociation between NY-ESO-1 antibody and CD8 responses in some patients.
438	21933959	NY-ESO-1-seropositive patients with associated CD8(+) T cells experienced more frequent clinical benefit (10 of 13; 77%) than those with undetectable CD8(+) T-cell response (one of seven; 14%; P = 0.02; relative risk = 5.4, two-tailed Fisher test), as well as a significant survival advantage (P = 0.01; hazard ratio = 0.2, time-dependent Cox model).
439	21945335	Fusion of antigens to cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), a ligand of B7 molecules on the surfaces of APCs with strong binding affinity, enhanced the immunogenicities of antigens in various degrees.
440	22072759	Escape from a dominant HLA-B*15-restricted CD8+ T cell response against hepatitis C virus requires compensatory mutations outside the epitope.
441	22072759	We previously identified two HLA-B*15-restricted CD8(+) epitopes in NS5B (LLRHHNMVY(2450-2458) and SQRQKKVTF(2466-2474)), based on sequence analysis of a large HCV genotype 1b outbreak.
442	22072759	Escape from a dominant HLA-B*15-restricted CD8+ T cell response against hepatitis C virus requires compensatory mutations outside the epitope.
443	22072759	We previously identified two HLA-B*15-restricted CD8(+) epitopes in NS5B (LLRHHNMVY(2450-2458) and SQRQKKVTF(2466-2474)), based on sequence analysis of a large HCV genotype 1b outbreak.
444	22074999	Human leukocyte antigen class I (A, B, C) and II (DRB1) diversity in the black and Caucasian South African population.
445	22074999	A cross-section of black and Caucasian South Africans (N = 302) were genotyped at high resolution (class I HLA-A, -B, -C and class II HLA-DRB1).
446	22074999	HLA-B, and HLA-C loci showed the strongest overall linkage disequilibrium (LD) and HLA-B/HLA-C two locus haplotypes also showed the strongest LD (D'(ij)) in both population groups.
447	22074999	HLA-A Supertype family phenotypic frequencies did not differ between the two populations, but four (B08, B27, B58, and B62) HLA-B Supertype families differed significantly.
448	22074999	Human leukocyte antigen class I (A, B, C) and II (DRB1) diversity in the black and Caucasian South African population.
449	22074999	A cross-section of black and Caucasian South Africans (N = 302) were genotyped at high resolution (class I HLA-A, -B, -C and class II HLA-DRB1).
450	22074999	HLA-B, and HLA-C loci showed the strongest overall linkage disequilibrium (LD) and HLA-B/HLA-C two locus haplotypes also showed the strongest LD (D'(ij)) in both population groups.
451	22074999	HLA-A Supertype family phenotypic frequencies did not differ between the two populations, but four (B08, B27, B58, and B62) HLA-B Supertype families differed significantly.
452	22084443	Structural basis of diverse peptide accommodation by the rhesus macaque MHC class I molecule Mamu-B*17: insights into immune protection from simian immunodeficiency virus.
453	22084443	The MHC class I molecule Mamu-B*17 has been associated with elite control of SIV infection in rhesus macaques, akin to the protective effects described for HLA-B*57 in HIV-infected individuals.
454	22084443	In this study, we determined the crystal structures of Mamu-B*17 in complex with eight different peptides corresponding to immunodominant SIV(mac)239-derived CD8(+) T cell epitopes: HW8 (HLEVQGYW), GW10 (GSHLEVQGYW), MW9 (MHPAQTSQW), QW9 (QTSQWDDPW), FW9 (FQWMGYELW), MF8 (MRHVLEPF), IW9 (IRYPKTFGW), and IW11 (IRYPKTFGWLW).
455	22220281	Recent trials in the metastatic setting using anticytoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) monoclonal antibody therapy and BRAF inhibitor therapy have demonstrated clear benefit with prolongation of survival.
456	22351744	Novel therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: efforts to expand beyond the VEGF/mTOR signaling paradigm.
457	22351744	However, the goal of cure remains elusive, and the agents nearest approval (i.e., axitinib and tivozanib) abide by the same paradigm as existing drugs (i.e., inhibition of VEGF or mTOR signaling).
458	22351744	Specifically, novel immunotherapeutic strategies will be discussed, including vaccine therapy, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) blockade, and programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibition, as well as novel approaches to angiogenesis inhibition, such as abrogation of Ang/Tie-2 signaling.
459	22351744	Pharmacologic strategies to block other potentially relevant signaling pathways, such as fibroblast growth factor receptor or MET inhibition, are also in various stages of development.
460	22351744	Although VEGF and mTOR inhibition have dramatically improved outcomes for patients with mRCCs, a surge above the current plateau with these agents will likely require exploring new avenues.
461	22406592	First, in Abstract #198, toxicity and efficacy results from the phase I/II study of cixutumumab, an insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibody combined with the standard gemcitabine and erlotinib treatment were presented, but the outcomes suggest no real clinical benefit.
462	22406592	Finally, interesting results which definitely deserve further exploration were presented in Abstract #211, which tested the combination of ipilimumab, an antibody against the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), with a cell-based vaccine transfected with the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene in advanced refractory pancreatic cancer.
463	22566975	New advances in the comprehension of the mechanisms of antigen presentation by dendritic cells, in the immune responses triggered by adjuvants, as well as the understanding of the role of immunosuppressor molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), which led to the recent approval of the anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab, have opened new hopes about the installment of immunotherapy as a new modality to treat cancer.
464	22575339	Such genetic diversity has functional implications for the immune response to viruses and generates population-based variations in HLA class I allele frequencies and KIR gene profiles.
465	22575339	Candidate gene studies of large cohorts of predominantly HIV-1 clade B but also clades C and A infected patients, have consistently shown significant associations between certain HLA class I alleles namely HLA-B*57, B*58, B*27, B*51 and relatively low viraemia.
466	22575339	Moreover, the presence of natural killer cell receptors encoded by KIR-3DL1 and 3DS1 genes together with certain HLA class I alleles carrying the KIR target motif Bw4Ile80, provides an enhanced ability to control HIV-1 viraemia in some individuals.
467	22576343	Sequential immunotherapy by vaccination with GM-CSF-expressing glioma cells and CTLA-4 blockade effectively treats established murine intracranial tumors.
468	22576343	Antibody-based blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) ligation on T lymphocytes is associated with enhanced antitumor immunity in animal models of cancer and in patients with advanced melanoma.
469	22576343	We hypothesized that sequential therapy with granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expressing whole-glioma-cell vaccination and CTLA-4 blockade is an effective strategy for treating established intracranial gliomas.
470	22576343	Sequential immunotherapy with GM-CSF-expressing irradiated glioma cells and CTLA-4 blockade synergistically prolongs survival in mice bearing established intracranial gliomas.
471	22778760	The past decade has witnessed the evolvement of cancer immunotherapy as an increasingly effective therapeutic modality, evidenced by the approval of two immune-based products by the FDA, that is, the cancer vaccine Provenge (sipuleucel-T) for prostate cancer and the antagonist antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) ipilimumab for advanced melanoma.
472	22844202	Encouragingly, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved two novel immunotherapy agents for patients with advanced cancer: the antigen presenting cell-based product sipuleucel-T and the anti-CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4) antibody ipilimumab, based on improvements in overall survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic melanoma, respectively.
473	22970293	In this study, we have identified a novel HLA-B*1801-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitope, NY-ESO-1(88-96) (LEFYLAMPF) and compared its direct- and cross-presentation to that of the reported NY-ESO-1(157-165) epitope restricted to HLA-A*0201.
474	22970293	On the other hand, NY-ESO-1(157-165) is efficiently presented by NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor cells and its presentation was not enhanced by IFN-γ treatment, which induced immunoproteasome as demonstrated by Western blots and functionally a decreased presentation of Melan A(26-35); whereas NY-ESO-1(88-96) was very inefficiently presented by the same tumor cell lines, except for one that expressed high level of immunoproteasome.
475	23023123	Here we vaccinate Indian rhesus macaques that express Mamu-B*08, an animal model for HLA-B*27-mediated elite control, with three Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8(+) T-cell epitopes, and demonstrate that these vaccinated animals control replication of the highly pathogenic clonal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) mac239 virus.
476	23105270	The ARMS-PCR technology has been found to be particularly useful for typing HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-Cw alleles.
477	23390376	Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a key negative regulator of T cell activation.
478	23390376	A complex integration of positive and negative co-stimulatory signals in the well-defined B7:CD28/CTLA-4 pathway modulates the generation and maintenance of immune responses.
479	23401435	Blocking inhibitory pathways via monoclonal antibodies, such as the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody (ipilimumab), anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody (BMS-936558), and anti-programmed cell death-1 ligand antibody (BMS-936559), has the ability to break down the shield that tumors co-opt for their defense.
480	23401435	Newer vaccines, particularly the tumor cell vaccine, belagenpumatucel-L, and the antigen-specific vaccines, melanoma-associated antigen-A3, liposomal BLP-25, TG4010, and recombinant human epidermal growth factor, are being evaluated in some of the largest trials ever attempted in lung cancer therapy.
481	23608444	In addition, a number of negative factors in the tumor microenvironment dampen antitumor immune responses, including cytokines (like transforming growth factor-β or interleukin-10), suppressive cells (regulatory T cells and myelosuppressive dendritic cells), defective antigen presentation by tumor cells (human leukocyte antigen or T antigen expression loss, antigen processing machinery defects), amino acid catabolizing enzymes (indoleamine-2-3 dioxygenase, arginase), and immune inhibitory pathways (like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4/cluster of differentiation 28, programmed death 1/programmed death 1 ligand 1).
482	23658707	Analysis by immune outcome and stimulation status identified 27 genes (p≤0.0006 and FDR≤0.30) that responded differently to viral stimulation in high vs. low antibody responders, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes (HLA-A, HLA-B and B2M with p = 0.0001, p = 0.0005 and p = 0.0002, respectively), and two genes related to innate immunity and inflammation (EMR3 and MEFV with p = 1.46E(-08) and p = 0.0004, respectively).
483	23677320	HLA-B*44 is associated with a lower viral set point and slow CD4 decline in a cohort of Chinese homosexual men acutely infected with HIV-1.
484	23745018	The results showed that consensus peptide identified SLAEKNITI had changes that indicated predicted escape mutation in strains of HIV responding to pressure exerted by CD8+ cells expressing HLA A*02.
485	23745018	The predominating 9-mers IRIGPGQAF of gp120 are significantly less immunogenic toward HLA B*27 than to HLA A*02.
486	23749632	In this study, we investigated the CD8(+) T cell response to the BZLF1 Ag of EBV, which includes overlapping sequences of different size that nevertheless conform to the binding motif of the large and abundant HLA-B*44 supertype.
487	23776170	HLA-A*01:03, HLA-A*24:02, HLA-B*08:01, HLA-B*27:05, HLA-B*35:01, HLA-B*44:02, and HLA-C*07:01 monochain transgenic/H-2 class I null mice: novel versatile preclinical models of human T cell responses.
488	23776170	In combination with the previously created HLA-A*02:01 and -B*07:02 transgenic mice, the novel HLA transgenic mice described in this report should be a versatile preclinical animal model that will speed up the identification and optimization of HLA-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitopes of potential interest in various autoimmune human diseases and in preclinical evaluation of T cell-based vaccines.
489	23802595	The majority of clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) show high and homogeneous expression levels of the tumor associated antigen (TAA) carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), and treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2) based immunotherapy can lead to cure in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
490	23802595	However, the involvement of CAIX specific CD8+ T cells and/or NK cells in the tumor eradication is unknown.
491	23802595	We investigated T cell and antibody reactivity against overlapping 15-mer CAIX-peptides as well as HLA haplotype frequency and NK cell cytotoxicity in 11 patients with no evidence of disease (NED) following treatment with IL-2 based immunotherapy, and thus potentially cured.
492	23802595	In particular, a HLA-B*40:01 restricted CD8+ T cell response recognizing the CAIX- derived peptide SEEEGSLKL was identified.
493	23812070	For example, blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) significantly improved median overall survival of melanoma patients.
494	23812070	Blockade of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) induced durable tumor regression and prolonged disease stabilization in patients with advanced cancers, including melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell cancer.
495	23922366	Here we explore the association between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)/HLA and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition with different viral subtypes circulating in East Africa.
496	23922366	In the prospective Cohort Development (CODE) cohort (Mbeya, Tanzania), carriers of KIR3DS1 and its putative ligand (HLA-A or HLA-B Bw4-80Ile alleles) showed increased HIV-1 acquisition risk (odds ratio [OR] = 3.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-10.63; P = .04) and a trend for enrichment for subtype A and A-containing recombinants (78% vs. 46%; OR = 4.05; 95% CI, .91-28.30; P = .09) at the expense of subtype C (11% vs. 43%; OR = 0.17; 95% CI, .01-.97; P = .08).
497	23978718	HLA-B*27 subtype specificity determines targeting and viral evolution of a hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cell epitope.
498	24012585	However, homozygosity at HLA-A, HLA-B or HLA-C conferred no observable disadvantage in our study population (P = 0.730, 0.246 and 0.445, respectively).
499	24144535	The method was part of the 2nd Machine Learning Competition in Immunology and yielded state-of-the-art accuracy for the prediction of peptides eluted from human HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*07:02, HLA-B*35:01, HLA-B*44:03, HLA-B*53:01, HLA-B*57:01 and mouse H2-D(b) and H2-K(b) MHC molecules.
500	24153333	Regulatory T cells are characterized by IL-10 and TGF-beta secretion and expression of important cell surface suppressive molecules such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death-1 that directly or indirectly influence effector cells of allergic inflammation, such as mast cells, basophils and eosinophils.
501	24190657	Although no stringent correlate was defined, on average HLA B alleles are associated with significantly narrower repertoires than are HLA A alleles.
502	24248811	Association and differentiation of MHC class I and II polymorphic Alu insertions and HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 alleles in the Chinese Han population.
503	24248811	In order to investigate the polymorphism of Alu insertions (POALINs) in the HLA region, we genotyped ten Alu loci (AluMICB, AluTF, AluHJ, AluHG, AluHF in the HLA class I region and AluDPB2, AluDQA2, AluDQA1, AluDRB1, AluORF10 in the HLA class II region) to determine their allele frequencies and associations with the HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-DRB1 genes in the Chinese Han population.
504	24248811	Each POALIN was in significant linkage disequilibrium with a variety of HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 alleles, and was associated with a variety of HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 allele in Chinese Han.
505	24349220	Human CD8+ T cells from TB pleurisy respond to four immunodominant epitopes in Mtb CFP10 restricted by HLA-B alleles.
506	24349220	The epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells displayed effector or effector memory phenotypes and could upregulate the expression of CD107a/b upon antigen stimulation.
507	24349220	As judged from HLA-typing results and using bioinformatics technology for prediction of MHC binding affinity, we found that the epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells are all restricted by HLA-B alleles.
508	24349220	Human CD8+ T cells from TB pleurisy respond to four immunodominant epitopes in Mtb CFP10 restricted by HLA-B alleles.
509	24349220	The epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells displayed effector or effector memory phenotypes and could upregulate the expression of CD107a/b upon antigen stimulation.
510	24349220	As judged from HLA-typing results and using bioinformatics technology for prediction of MHC binding affinity, we found that the epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells are all restricted by HLA-B alleles.
511	24377099	Peptide vaccination in Montanide adjuvant induces and GM-CSF increases CXCR3 and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen expression by tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells.
512	24377099	Addition of GM-CSF significantly enhances CXCR3 expression and increases the proportion of CLA-expressing cells.
513	24380790	Here, we examined this problem by using HLA-B*35:01-restricted CD8(+) T lymphocytes specific for Nef epitopes, i.e., RY11 (RPQVPLRPMTY), VY8 (VPLRPMTY), and RM9 (RPQVPLRPM), in which VY8 and RM9 were contained entirely within RY11, in combination with a T cell receptor (TCR) reconstruction system as well as HLA-B35 tetramers and a set of a single-variant peptide library.
514	24390323	HLA-B*57 elite suppressor and chronic progressor HIV-1 isolates replicate vigorously and cause CD4+ T cell depletion in humanized BLT mice.
515	24477411	Indeed, drugs blocking the inhibitory signal generated by the engagement of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) found on T-cells has emerged as potent means to combat the immunosuppressive milieu.
516	24687957	Engagement of the ICOS pathway markedly enhances efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade in cancer immunotherapy.
517	24687957	Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) blockade with a monoclonal antibody yields durable responses in a subset of cancer patients and has been approved by the FDA as a standard therapy for late-stage melanoma.
518	24687957	We recently identified inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) as a crucial player in the antitumor effects of CTLA-4 blockade.
519	24687957	We now show that concomitant CTLA-4 blockade and ICOS engagement by tumor cell vaccines engineered to express ICOS ligand enhanced antitumor immune responses in both quantity and quality and significantly improved rejection of established melanoma and prostate cancer in mice.
520	24687957	This study provides strong support for the development of combinatorial therapies incorporating anti-CTLA-4 and ICOS engagement.
521	24744786	We have found the role of specific HLA supertypes such as HLA B∗07, HLA B∗58, and HLA A∗03 in selecting the hydrophobic and conserved amino acid positions within Nef and Gag proteins, to be presented as epitopes.
522	24744786	The analyses revealed that the clusters of optimal epitopes for Nef and p24 proteins of HIV-1 could potentially serve as a source of vaccine.
523	24788575	The management of high-risk melanoma has historically included primary surgical resection with or without lymphadenectomy followed by an array of adjuvant options including radiation therapy or immunomodulatory therapies such as interferon-α, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and a multitude of vaccines.
524	24788575	While the role of vaccines in the adjuvant setting of high-risk melanoma presently remains unclear, recent advances in immunotherapy for melanoma including development of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated meaningful clinical responses.
525	24798939	Associations of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles frequency with prevalence of herpes simplex virus infections and diseases across global populations: implication for the development of an universal CD8+ T-cell epitope-based vaccine.
526	24798939	The present report: (i) analyzes the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections across various regions of the world; (ii) analyzes potential associations of common HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles with the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in the Caucasoid, Oriental, Hispanic and Black major populations; and (iii) discusses how our recently developed HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C transgenic/H-2 class I null mice will help validate HLA/herpes prevalence associations.
527	24798939	Overall, high prevalence of herpes infection and disease appears to be associated with high frequency of HLA-A(∗)24, HLA-B(∗)27, HLA-B(∗)53 and HLA-B(∗)58 alleles.
528	24798939	Associations of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles frequency with prevalence of herpes simplex virus infections and diseases across global populations: implication for the development of an universal CD8+ T-cell epitope-based vaccine.
529	24798939	The present report: (i) analyzes the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections across various regions of the world; (ii) analyzes potential associations of common HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles with the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in the Caucasoid, Oriental, Hispanic and Black major populations; and (iii) discusses how our recently developed HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C transgenic/H-2 class I null mice will help validate HLA/herpes prevalence associations.
530	24798939	Overall, high prevalence of herpes infection and disease appears to be associated with high frequency of HLA-A(∗)24, HLA-B(∗)27, HLA-B(∗)53 and HLA-B(∗)58 alleles.
531	24798939	Associations of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles frequency with prevalence of herpes simplex virus infections and diseases across global populations: implication for the development of an universal CD8+ T-cell epitope-based vaccine.
532	24798939	The present report: (i) analyzes the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections across various regions of the world; (ii) analyzes potential associations of common HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles with the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in the Caucasoid, Oriental, Hispanic and Black major populations; and (iii) discusses how our recently developed HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C transgenic/H-2 class I null mice will help validate HLA/herpes prevalence associations.
533	24798939	Overall, high prevalence of herpes infection and disease appears to be associated with high frequency of HLA-A(∗)24, HLA-B(∗)27, HLA-B(∗)53 and HLA-B(∗)58 alleles.
534	24857059	Recent introduction of immune modulators of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-1/PDL1) add much excitement to this field.
535	24995346	Distribution of HLA-A, -B, and -C alleles and HLA/KIR combinations in Han population in China.
536	24995346	A total of 27 HLA-A, 54 HLA-B, and 31 HLA-C alleles were found in this population.
537	24995346	The results of KIR/HLA-C combination analysis showed that all individuals had at least one inhibitory or activating KIR/HLA-C pair, and one KIR/HLA-C pair was the most frequent (157/239), followed by two pairs (46/239), three pairs (33/239), and no pairs (3/239).
538	25207460	Next, the first immune-activating anticytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody ipilimumab exhibiting 'immune checkpoint blockade' was approved by FDA and European Medical Agency (EMA) for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma.
539	25207460	New generations of immune checkpoint blockading antibodies targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are now under intense investigation in metastatic melanoma (MM) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and impressive clinical results are anticipated.
540	25265018	To improve anti-tumor effects of therapeutic vaccine, we fused cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) with HPV16 E7 and E6 as a fusion therapeutic DNA vaccine (pCTLA4-E7E6). pCTLA4-E7E6 induced significantly higher anti-E7E6 specific antibodies and relatively stronger specific CTL responses than the nonfusion DNA vaccine pE7E6 in C57BL/6 mice bearing with TC-1 tumors. pCTLA4-E7E6 showed relatively stronger anti-tumor effects than pE7E6 in therapeutic immunization.
541	25356981	The slope of the trajectory offers an interpretation of positive correlation between fitness costs and HLA binding impairment to HLA-A molecules and a protective subset of HLA-B molecules that was observed for clinically relevant escape mutations in the Pol gene.
542	25403749	Blockade of CTLA-4 promotes the development of effector CD8+ T lymphocytes and the therapeutic effect of vaccination with an attenuated protozoan expressing NY-ESO-1.
543	25403749	Here, we report that prophylactic vaccination with a highly attenuated Trypanosoma cruzi strain expressing NY-ESO-1 (CL-14-NY-ESO-1) induces both effector memory and effector CD8(+) T lymphocytes that efficiently prevent tumor development.
544	25403749	We also demonstrate that blockade of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) during vaccination enhances the frequency of NY-ESO-1-specific effector CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-γ and promotes lymphocyte migration to the tumor infiltrate.
545	25403749	As a result, therapy with CL-14-NY-ESO-1 together with anti-CTLA-4 is highly effective in controlling the development of an established melanoma.
546	25415283	PD-1/PD-L1 blockade together with vaccine therapy facilitates effector T-cell infiltration into pancreatic tumors.
547	25415283	However, single-agent checkpoint inhibitors including agents that alter immune suppressive signals in other human cancers such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 (PD-1), and its ligand PD-L1, have failed to demonstrate objective responses when given as single agents to PDA patients.
548	25415283	In this study, we evaluated blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
549	25415283	We found that PD-L1 is weakly expressed at a low frequency in untreated human and murine PDAs but treatment with a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor secreting PDA vaccine (GVAX) significantly upregulates PD-L1 membranous expression after treatment of tumor-bearing mice.
550	25415283	Furthermore, PD-1 blockade increased effector CD8 T lymphocytes and tumor-specific interferon-γ production of CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment.
551	25415283	Immunosuppressive pathways, including regulatory T cells and CTLA-4 expression on T cells were overcome by the addition of vaccine and low-dose cyclophosphamide to PD-1 blockade.
552	25415283	Collectively, our study supports combining PD-1 or PD-L1 antibody therapy with a T cell inducing agent for PDA treatment.
553	25583297	Several of these agents, such as antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) have already demonstrated significant promise in clinical trials.
554	25596566	Genetic studies have identified numerous factors that link vitamin D to malaria, including human leukocyte antigen genes, toll-like receptors, heme oxygenase-1, angiopoietin-2, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, and Bcl-2.
555	25643774	In the following literature review we present some of the better-known systemic treatment options for melanoma, from conventional chemotherapy, molecular (MAPK inhibitors) and immunomodulatory (interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death-1 inhibitors) therapies, to miscellaneous options, among which are angiogenesis inhibitors, apoptosis modulators, vaccines, and radiotherapy.
556	25697584	Immune checkpoint blockade with anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA) and anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) have demonstrated encouraging results in clinical trials with other solid tumors, and recent data suggest that this type of therapy may be particularly useful for tumors with high mutational burdens.
557	25740999	Peptide-Dependent Recognition of HLA-B*57:01 by KIR3DS1.
558	25806276	Immune checkpoint therapies include the monoclonal antibody blockade of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) with ipilimumab, as well as antibody blockade of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor and the PD-1 ligand.
559	25806276	In lung cancer, these include the melanoma-associated antigen-A3 (MAGE-A3), membrane-associated glycoprotein (MUC-1), and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
560	25870800	It is accomplished by M2 macrophage polarization, the activity of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and a significantly elevated concentration of cytokines: transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and IL-10 in the tumor microenvironment.
561	25870800	Very active suppression of immune protection is the predominant role of the programmed death 1 (PD-1)-PD-L1 pathway.
562	25870800	Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is the molecule capable of inhibiting the activation signal.
563	25870800	The second way in lung cancer immunotherapy is production of anti-cancer vaccines using recognized cancer antigens: MAGE-A3, membrane associated glycoprotein (MUC-1), and EGF.
564	25928883	Imputed HLA amino-acid polymorphisms showed the strongest associations at positions DRB1 47 (P=3.2 × 10(-11)), 13SRG (P=9.8 × 10(-10)) and 11SP (P=9.8 × 10(-10)), and at DQA1 34 (P=6.4 × 10(-10)), DQB1 167R (P=9.3 × 10(-6)) and HLA-B 95 W (P=1.2 × 10(-9)).
565	25928883	Consequent differences in CD4 T-cell help for IgG1 to PspC could have implications for vaccine design.
566	25965361	The impact of the first checkpoint inhibitors, ie, anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) and anti-PD-1/ anti-PD-L1 (programmed death-1 receptor and its ligand, PD-L1) is unprecedented.
567	26020813	Because HLA-B is the most polymorphic human MHC class I molecule and correlates strongly with HIV-1 progression, we determined sequences for its ortholog, Patr-B, in 125 Gombe chimpanzees.
568	26024233	Abacavir-induced hypersensitivity syndrome is a CD8+ T cell dependent IM-ADR that is exclusively mediated by HLA-B*57:01.
569	26089339	Erratum for O'Connor et al., Peptide-Dependent Recognition of HLA-B*57:01 by KIR3DS1.
570	26148880	This review summarizes preclinical and clinical data demonstrating that radiation acts in concert with antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), to induce therapeutically effective anti-tumor T cell responses in tumors otherwise non responsive to anti-CTLA-4 therapy.
571	26191056	Low VL (<10,000 copies/ml) and HLA-A*74:01 were the main predictors of CD4:CD8 ratio >1.0, but HLA variants (e.g., HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*81) previously associated with VL and/or CD4 trajectories in eastern and southern Africans had no obvious impact on CD4:CD8 ratio.
572	26375851	In the overall dataset, the total number of unique self-peptides eluted from HLA-B molecules was larger than from HLA-A molecules, and they were derived from a larger number of source proteins.
573	26375851	These results in B cells suggest that HLA-B molecules possibly present a more diverse repertoire compared to their HLA-A counterparts, which may contribute to their immunodominance.
574	26375851	In the overall dataset, the total number of unique self-peptides eluted from HLA-B molecules was larger than from HLA-A molecules, and they were derived from a larger number of source proteins.
575	26375851	These results in B cells suggest that HLA-B molecules possibly present a more diverse repertoire compared to their HLA-A counterparts, which may contribute to their immunodominance.