Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: IFNA2

Gene name: interferon, alpha 2

HGNC ID: 5423

Synonyms: IFNA, IFN-alphaA

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	CD4	1 hits
2	CSF2	1 hits
3	EIF2AK2	1 hits
4	FLT3	1 hits
5	GEN1	1 hits
6	IFNA1	1 hits
7	IFNB1	1 hits
8	IFNG	1 hits
9	IL10	1 hits
10	IL12A	1 hits
11	IL13	1 hits
12	IL15	1 hits
13	IL16	1 hits
14	IL17C	1 hits
15	IL18	1 hits
16	IL1B	1 hits
17	IL2	1 hits
18	IL4	1 hits
19	IL8	1 hits
20	JUN	1 hits
21	MMVP1	1 hits
22	MYD88	1 hits
23	NFKB1	1 hits
24	PTCRA	1 hits
25	SLURP1	1 hits
26	TICAM1	1 hits
27	TLR3	1 hits
28	TLR7	1 hits
29	TLR9	1 hits
30	TNF	1 hits
31	ZNF77	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	3541131	Ribavirin and recombinant interferon alpha-A (IFN-alpha-A) also inhibit HIV replication, although their mechanisms of action are less clear.
2	8536277	Direct inhibitory effects of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and interferon alpha 2b (IFN alpha 2b) on six human bladder carcinoma cell lines, UCRU-BL-13, UCRU-BL-17, UCRU-BL-28, 5637, T24 and J82, were studied using an in vitro proliferation assay.
3	9285547	To investigate if this might be caused by a preferential Th1 cytokine response, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was analyzed after measles antigen (M-ag) stimulation in vitro.
4	9285547	The non-specific immune response was measured by IFN-alpha, and IL-12 analyses.
5	9285547	Only a non-significant tendency was seen in IL-10 production (48.6 vs 26.7 pg/ml; NS), whereas no difference was found in IFN-alpha or IL-12 production.
6	9285547	A positive correlation between IFN-gamma and IL-10 production was found (r(s) = 0.49; P < 0.001).
7	9285547	After vaccination of 14 ABMT children, there was an increase in PBMC IFN-gamma production in vitro (2.5 vs <0.1 IU/ml; P < 0.05), whereas no changes were seen in the IL-10, IFN-alpha, or antibody levels.
8	9285547	To investigate if this might be caused by a preferential Th1 cytokine response, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was analyzed after measles antigen (M-ag) stimulation in vitro.
9	9285547	The non-specific immune response was measured by IFN-alpha, and IL-12 analyses.
10	9285547	Only a non-significant tendency was seen in IL-10 production (48.6 vs 26.7 pg/ml; NS), whereas no difference was found in IFN-alpha or IL-12 production.
11	9285547	A positive correlation between IFN-gamma and IL-10 production was found (r(s) = 0.49; P < 0.001).
12	9285547	After vaccination of 14 ABMT children, there was an increase in PBMC IFN-gamma production in vitro (2.5 vs <0.1 IU/ml; P < 0.05), whereas no changes were seen in the IL-10, IFN-alpha, or antibody levels.
13	9285547	To investigate if this might be caused by a preferential Th1 cytokine response, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was analyzed after measles antigen (M-ag) stimulation in vitro.
14	9285547	The non-specific immune response was measured by IFN-alpha, and IL-12 analyses.
15	9285547	Only a non-significant tendency was seen in IL-10 production (48.6 vs 26.7 pg/ml; NS), whereas no difference was found in IFN-alpha or IL-12 production.
16	9285547	A positive correlation between IFN-gamma and IL-10 production was found (r(s) = 0.49; P < 0.001).
17	9285547	After vaccination of 14 ABMT children, there was an increase in PBMC IFN-gamma production in vitro (2.5 vs <0.1 IU/ml; P < 0.05), whereas no changes were seen in the IL-10, IFN-alpha, or antibody levels.
18	10080835	Bladder wash-derived lymphocytes from superficial bladder cancer patients involved in high dose BCG, low dose BCG, and low dose BCG with IFN-alpha treatments were examined.
19	10080835	We found an increasing trend in the percentage of CD3 T cells with each weekly intravesical instillation and the proportion of CD3 T cells expressing the gammadelta T cell receptor was significantly higher in patients receiving standard dose BCG than those receiving low dose BCG or low dose BCG plus IFN-alpha.
20	10080835	Most patients had a predominance of CD4 T cells, while some had more CD8 T cells.
21	10080835	The CD4/CD8 ratio did not vary much during the instillations.
22	10080835	Bladder wash-derived lymphocytes from superficial bladder cancer patients involved in high dose BCG, low dose BCG, and low dose BCG with IFN-alpha treatments were examined.
23	10080835	We found an increasing trend in the percentage of CD3 T cells with each weekly intravesical instillation and the proportion of CD3 T cells expressing the gammadelta T cell receptor was significantly higher in patients receiving standard dose BCG than those receiving low dose BCG or low dose BCG plus IFN-alpha.
24	10080835	Most patients had a predominance of CD4 T cells, while some had more CD8 T cells.
25	10080835	The CD4/CD8 ratio did not vary much during the instillations.
26	10451031	Patients treated with repeated injections of a polyvalent melanoma vaccine (PMV), interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha2b), or interleukin-2 (IL-2) were followed during treatment duration.
27	10551332	Pretreatment of PBMCs as a source of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with interferon (IFN)-gamma, or to some extent with IFN-alpha, but not with any of the other cytokines tested, augmented the peptide-induced CTL activity in HLA-A24 heterozygotes, but not in HLA-A24 homozygotes.
28	10551332	This IFN-gamma-mediated augmentation was inhibited by either interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10.
29	10551332	This IL-2-mediated activation of CTLs was inhibited by the addition of IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10 to the IL-2 culture.
30	10551332	For further expansion of the CTLs, dendritic cells (DCs) induced from PBMCs with IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were required as APCs.
31	10551332	These results indicate that IFN-gamma and IL-2 are important in the activation of APCs and CTLs, respectively, while GM-CSF and IL-4 are needed for the induction of DCs, which in turn are required for further expansion of mature CTLs.
32	11092043	Patients treated with repeated injections of a polyvalent melanoma vaccine (PMV), interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha 2b) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) were followed during treatment duration.
33	11092043	Before treatment, patients treated with PMV or IFN-alpha 2b had comparable low MIA concentrations, whereas most IL-2-treated patients had higher MIA levels.
34	11092043	At the end of treatment, MIA concentrations were higher in patients with progressive disease (PD) than in patients with no clinical evidence of melanoma (NPD) for PMV, IFN-alpha 2b or IL-2 therapy (3.7 +/- 0.2 vs 11.5 +/- 5.4 ng/ml, 3.8 +/- 0.2 vs 8.3 +/- 1.7 ng/ml, and 2.3 +/- 0.7 vs 20.2 +/- 7.4 ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.05).
35	11092043	For PMV- and IFN-alpha 2b-treated patients, a rise in MIA levels occurred significantly earlier than clinical diagnosis of melanoma recurrence.
36	11092043	Patients treated with repeated injections of a polyvalent melanoma vaccine (PMV), interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha 2b) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) were followed during treatment duration.
37	11092043	Before treatment, patients treated with PMV or IFN-alpha 2b had comparable low MIA concentrations, whereas most IL-2-treated patients had higher MIA levels.
38	11092043	At the end of treatment, MIA concentrations were higher in patients with progressive disease (PD) than in patients with no clinical evidence of melanoma (NPD) for PMV, IFN-alpha 2b or IL-2 therapy (3.7 +/- 0.2 vs 11.5 +/- 5.4 ng/ml, 3.8 +/- 0.2 vs 8.3 +/- 1.7 ng/ml, and 2.3 +/- 0.7 vs 20.2 +/- 7.4 ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.05).
39	11092043	For PMV- and IFN-alpha 2b-treated patients, a rise in MIA levels occurred significantly earlier than clinical diagnosis of melanoma recurrence.
40	11092043	Patients treated with repeated injections of a polyvalent melanoma vaccine (PMV), interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha 2b) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) were followed during treatment duration.
41	11092043	Before treatment, patients treated with PMV or IFN-alpha 2b had comparable low MIA concentrations, whereas most IL-2-treated patients had higher MIA levels.
42	11092043	At the end of treatment, MIA concentrations were higher in patients with progressive disease (PD) than in patients with no clinical evidence of melanoma (NPD) for PMV, IFN-alpha 2b or IL-2 therapy (3.7 +/- 0.2 vs 11.5 +/- 5.4 ng/ml, 3.8 +/- 0.2 vs 8.3 +/- 1.7 ng/ml, and 2.3 +/- 0.7 vs 20.2 +/- 7.4 ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.05).
43	11092043	For PMV- and IFN-alpha 2b-treated patients, a rise in MIA levels occurred significantly earlier than clinical diagnosis of melanoma recurrence.
44	11092043	Patients treated with repeated injections of a polyvalent melanoma vaccine (PMV), interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha 2b) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) were followed during treatment duration.
45	11092043	Before treatment, patients treated with PMV or IFN-alpha 2b had comparable low MIA concentrations, whereas most IL-2-treated patients had higher MIA levels.
46	11092043	At the end of treatment, MIA concentrations were higher in patients with progressive disease (PD) than in patients with no clinical evidence of melanoma (NPD) for PMV, IFN-alpha 2b or IL-2 therapy (3.7 +/- 0.2 vs 11.5 +/- 5.4 ng/ml, 3.8 +/- 0.2 vs 8.3 +/- 1.7 ng/ml, and 2.3 +/- 0.7 vs 20.2 +/- 7.4 ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.05).
47	11092043	For PMV- and IFN-alpha 2b-treated patients, a rise in MIA levels occurred significantly earlier than clinical diagnosis of melanoma recurrence.
48	11207657	When compared with control BCG, rhIFN-alpha BCG was substantially more active in inducing the production of IFN-gamma and IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while IL-10 production was correspondingly decreased.
49	11207657	The observation that the maximum IFN-gamma induction depends on the simultaneous presence of both IFN-alpha and BCG highlights the advantages of rhIFN-alpha BCG.
50	11237823	Vaccination of control subjects and HIV patients induced increases in production of interleukin-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, but not of IFN-alpha.
51	11330431	Patients received 5 million IU interferon-alpha 2b (Intron A) thrice weekly for six months and recombinant HBsAg (Gen H-B-Vax) at the beginning and 4 and 12 weeks after initiation of interferon therapy.
52	11722649	RA + PIC-treated rats had significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) mRNA (P < 0.05), and STAT-1 protein (P < 0.02).
53	11722649	Treatments administered in vivo significantly modulated T-cell proliferation to anti-CD3/phorbol myristyl acetate + IFN-alpha ex vivo.
54	12017377	Between July 1994 and July 2001, all patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary bladder (pT1 and pTa), 7 days after undergoing transurethral resection of tumor were subjected to intravesical instillation of 60 mg BCG (Danish 1331) combined with 5 million IU interferon alpha-2b (Intron-A) mixed with 50 ml of physiological saline weekly for 8 weeks, then fortnightly for 8 weeks, then monthly for 8 weeks, followed by maintenance dose at the end of the 9th, 12th, 18th, 24th months.
55	12942200	IL-2 is itself a useful component of combination immunotherapy, such as with melanoma peptide vaccines, or with interferon alpha-2b, (IFN-alpha), as a dual combination or part of a biochemotherapy regimen.
56	12942200	Combinations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and IFN-alpha or levamisole have had efficacy in colon and head and neck cancers, but here the biological agents have been biochemical modulators, not immunotherapy.
57	12942200	IL-2 is itself a useful component of combination immunotherapy, such as with melanoma peptide vaccines, or with interferon alpha-2b, (IFN-alpha), as a dual combination or part of a biochemotherapy regimen.
58	12942200	Combinations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and IFN-alpha or levamisole have had efficacy in colon and head and neck cancers, but here the biological agents have been biochemical modulators, not immunotherapy.
59	12959322	During the course of HIV-1 infection secretion of T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, and antiviral interferon (IFN)-gamma, is generally decreased, whereas production of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, is increased.
60	12959322	HIV-inductive cytokines include: TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-1 and IL-6, which stimulate HIV-1 replication in T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15, which upregulate HIV-1 in T cells, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor, which stimulates HIV-1 in MDM.
61	12959322	HIV-suppressive cytokines include: IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-16, which inhibit HIV-1 replication in T cells and MDM, and IL-10 and IL-13, which inhibit HIV-1 in MDM.
62	12959322	Bifunctional cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor have been shown to have both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on HIV-1.
63	12959322	The beta-chemokines, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES are important inhibitors of macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1, whereas the alpha-chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 suppresses infection of T-tropic strains of HIV-1.
64	15507306	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from these pigs responded to PRRSV exposure with a limited increase in their expression of the Th1 immune markers, IFNG, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-15 (IL15), and a reduction in the quantity of mRNAs encoding the innate and inflammatory proteins, IL1B, IL8 and IFNA.
65	15507306	Efforts to enhance Th1 immunity, by utilizing an expression plasmid encoding porcine IFNA (pINA) as an adjuvant, resulted in a temporary increase in the frequency of PRRSV-specific IFNG SC but only minor changes overall in the expression of Th1 associated cytokine or innate immune marker mRNA by virus-stimulated PBMC.
66	15507306	Administration of pINA, however, did correlate with decreased IL1B secretion by cultured, unstimulated PBMC but had no effect on their ability to release IFNG.
67	15507306	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from these pigs responded to PRRSV exposure with a limited increase in their expression of the Th1 immune markers, IFNG, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-15 (IL15), and a reduction in the quantity of mRNAs encoding the innate and inflammatory proteins, IL1B, IL8 and IFNA.
68	15507306	Efforts to enhance Th1 immunity, by utilizing an expression plasmid encoding porcine IFNA (pINA) as an adjuvant, resulted in a temporary increase in the frequency of PRRSV-specific IFNG SC but only minor changes overall in the expression of Th1 associated cytokine or innate immune marker mRNA by virus-stimulated PBMC.
69	15507306	Administration of pINA, however, did correlate with decreased IL1B secretion by cultured, unstimulated PBMC but had no effect on their ability to release IFNG.
70	15507313	To improve the immune response, an adjuvant consisting of plasmid encoding either porcine interleukin (IL)-12 or IFN-alpha was co-administered during vaccination.
71	15507313	While this enhancement was only transient (1 week) when the IL-12 expressing plasmid was used, the effect was not only still apparent at 6 weeks after vaccination in the presence of the IFN-alpha expressing plasmid but even after challenge with a virulent genetically divergent PRRSV.
72	15507313	Despite the apparent augmentation of a T helper (Th) 1 type response by the inclusion of IFN-alpha or IL-12 during vaccination, this modulation did not necessarily correlate with a reduction in viremia.
73	15507313	To improve the immune response, an adjuvant consisting of plasmid encoding either porcine interleukin (IL)-12 or IFN-alpha was co-administered during vaccination.
74	15507313	While this enhancement was only transient (1 week) when the IL-12 expressing plasmid was used, the effect was not only still apparent at 6 weeks after vaccination in the presence of the IFN-alpha expressing plasmid but even after challenge with a virulent genetically divergent PRRSV.
75	15507313	Despite the apparent augmentation of a T helper (Th) 1 type response by the inclusion of IFN-alpha or IL-12 during vaccination, this modulation did not necessarily correlate with a reduction in viremia.
76	15507313	To improve the immune response, an adjuvant consisting of plasmid encoding either porcine interleukin (IL)-12 or IFN-alpha was co-administered during vaccination.
77	15507313	While this enhancement was only transient (1 week) when the IL-12 expressing plasmid was used, the effect was not only still apparent at 6 weeks after vaccination in the presence of the IFN-alpha expressing plasmid but even after challenge with a virulent genetically divergent PRRSV.
78	15507313	Despite the apparent augmentation of a T helper (Th) 1 type response by the inclusion of IFN-alpha or IL-12 during vaccination, this modulation did not necessarily correlate with a reduction in viremia.
79	15606336	In the adjuvant setting, cytokine monotherapy (interferon [IFN]-alpha or interleukin [IL]-2) is not effective in improving progression-free or overall survival.
80	15606336	In metastatic kidney cancer patients with the tumor-bearing kidney in situ, a combination of radical nephrectomy plus IFN-alpha is more effective than IFN-alpha alone.
81	15606336	In metastatic kidney cancer without the option of operative removal of the primary tumor and/or metastases, cytokines such as IFN-alpha, IL-2 and IL-12 and their combinations result in response rates of 10-30%, but the 5-year overall survival is less than 10%.
82	15606336	In the adjuvant setting, cytokine monotherapy (interferon [IFN]-alpha or interleukin [IL]-2) is not effective in improving progression-free or overall survival.
83	15606336	In metastatic kidney cancer patients with the tumor-bearing kidney in situ, a combination of radical nephrectomy plus IFN-alpha is more effective than IFN-alpha alone.
84	15606336	In metastatic kidney cancer without the option of operative removal of the primary tumor and/or metastases, cytokines such as IFN-alpha, IL-2 and IL-12 and their combinations result in response rates of 10-30%, but the 5-year overall survival is less than 10%.
85	15744581	Such interaction was reported to induce the hematopoietic cells to release large amounts of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13.
86	15744581	Type I IFNs reactivate the patients' inhibited Th1 cells to synthesize IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines that activate the maturation of CTL precursors.
87	15744581	The CpG ODNs A and B bind to Toll like receptors that are present in pDCs and B cells, respectively, CpG ODN - A is the ligand for TLR9+ pDCs and induce the release of large amounts of IFN-alpha, beta.
88	15744581	Based on these studies, a hypothesis is presented that treatment of HIV-1 infected and AIDS patients with CpG ODN-A and B or CpG ODN-C have the potential to inhibit IL-4 synthesis and release from FcrepsilonRI+ hematopoietic cells by inducing TLR9+ pDCs to release large amounts of type I IFNs.
89	15744581	Type I IFNs reactivate the patients' Th1 cells to synthesize IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines, activators of the precursor cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), leading to the reactivation of the inhibited adaptive immune response.
90	17428947	Five days after infection, these animals produced a potent, innate antiviral immune response by inducing the transcription of signature genes from the interferon (IFN) pathway with demonstrated antiviral activity, such as myxoprotein, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, phospholipid scramblase 1, and viperin.
91	17428947	Unexpectedly, no up-regulation of IFN-alpha, -beta, or -gamma genes was detected.
92	17428947	Transcription of the genes of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha was neither up-regulated nor down-regulated.
93	17855554	MVA stimulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) showed that plasmacytoid DC were main alpha IFN (IFN-alpha) producers that were triggered independently of productive infection, viral replication, or intermediate and late viral gene expression.
94	17855554	Increased IFN-alpha levels were induced upon treatment with mildly UV-irradiated MVA, suggesting that a virus-encoded immune modulator(s) interfered with the host cytokine response.
95	17855554	Mice devoid of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), the receptor for double-stranded DNA, mounted normal IFN-alpha responses upon MVA treatment.
96	17855554	Furthermore, mice devoid of the adaptors of TLR signaling MyD88 and TRIF and mice deficient in protein kinase R (PKR) showed IFN-alpha responses that were only slightly reduced compared to those of wild-type mice.
97	17855554	MVA-induced IFN-alpha responses were critically dependent on autocrine/paracrine triggering of the IFN-alpha/beta receptor and were independent of IFN-beta, thus involving "one-half" of a positive-feedback loop.
98	17855554	MVA stimulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) showed that plasmacytoid DC were main alpha IFN (IFN-alpha) producers that were triggered independently of productive infection, viral replication, or intermediate and late viral gene expression.
99	17855554	Increased IFN-alpha levels were induced upon treatment with mildly UV-irradiated MVA, suggesting that a virus-encoded immune modulator(s) interfered with the host cytokine response.
100	17855554	Mice devoid of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), the receptor for double-stranded DNA, mounted normal IFN-alpha responses upon MVA treatment.
101	17855554	Furthermore, mice devoid of the adaptors of TLR signaling MyD88 and TRIF and mice deficient in protein kinase R (PKR) showed IFN-alpha responses that were only slightly reduced compared to those of wild-type mice.
102	17855554	MVA-induced IFN-alpha responses were critically dependent on autocrine/paracrine triggering of the IFN-alpha/beta receptor and were independent of IFN-beta, thus involving "one-half" of a positive-feedback loop.
103	17855554	MVA stimulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) showed that plasmacytoid DC were main alpha IFN (IFN-alpha) producers that were triggered independently of productive infection, viral replication, or intermediate and late viral gene expression.
104	17855554	Increased IFN-alpha levels were induced upon treatment with mildly UV-irradiated MVA, suggesting that a virus-encoded immune modulator(s) interfered with the host cytokine response.
105	17855554	Mice devoid of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), the receptor for double-stranded DNA, mounted normal IFN-alpha responses upon MVA treatment.
106	17855554	Furthermore, mice devoid of the adaptors of TLR signaling MyD88 and TRIF and mice deficient in protein kinase R (PKR) showed IFN-alpha responses that were only slightly reduced compared to those of wild-type mice.
107	17855554	MVA-induced IFN-alpha responses were critically dependent on autocrine/paracrine triggering of the IFN-alpha/beta receptor and were independent of IFN-beta, thus involving "one-half" of a positive-feedback loop.
108	17855554	MVA stimulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) showed that plasmacytoid DC were main alpha IFN (IFN-alpha) producers that were triggered independently of productive infection, viral replication, or intermediate and late viral gene expression.
109	17855554	Increased IFN-alpha levels were induced upon treatment with mildly UV-irradiated MVA, suggesting that a virus-encoded immune modulator(s) interfered with the host cytokine response.
110	17855554	Mice devoid of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), the receptor for double-stranded DNA, mounted normal IFN-alpha responses upon MVA treatment.
111	17855554	Furthermore, mice devoid of the adaptors of TLR signaling MyD88 and TRIF and mice deficient in protein kinase R (PKR) showed IFN-alpha responses that were only slightly reduced compared to those of wild-type mice.
112	17855554	MVA-induced IFN-alpha responses were critically dependent on autocrine/paracrine triggering of the IFN-alpha/beta receptor and were independent of IFN-beta, thus involving "one-half" of a positive-feedback loop.
113	17855554	MVA stimulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) showed that plasmacytoid DC were main alpha IFN (IFN-alpha) producers that were triggered independently of productive infection, viral replication, or intermediate and late viral gene expression.
114	17855554	Increased IFN-alpha levels were induced upon treatment with mildly UV-irradiated MVA, suggesting that a virus-encoded immune modulator(s) interfered with the host cytokine response.
115	17855554	Mice devoid of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), the receptor for double-stranded DNA, mounted normal IFN-alpha responses upon MVA treatment.
116	17855554	Furthermore, mice devoid of the adaptors of TLR signaling MyD88 and TRIF and mice deficient in protein kinase R (PKR) showed IFN-alpha responses that were only slightly reduced compared to those of wild-type mice.
117	17855554	MVA-induced IFN-alpha responses were critically dependent on autocrine/paracrine triggering of the IFN-alpha/beta receptor and were independent of IFN-beta, thus involving "one-half" of a positive-feedback loop.
118	18377354	The current paper under evaluation described one randomized Phase III trial of the therapeutic vaccine Melacine plus low-dose IFN-alpha(2b), which had an effect comparable to standard high-dose interferon-alpha(2b) but with less toxicity.
119	18382856	For example, interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) and interleukin (IL)-2 have been used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection and metastatic melanoma, respectively.
120	18400516	Analysis of the promoters of the salmon IFN-alpha1 and IFN-alpha2 genes shows that activation is dependent on both NFkappaB and IRFs similar to human IFN-beta.
121	18490712	Here we show that treatment of murine fetal thymic organ cultures (FTOCs) with TLR3 or TLR7 ligands induced rapid expression of IFN-alpha and -beta mRNA, hallmarks of acute and chronic viral infections.
122	18490712	Down-regulation of IL-7R alpha-chain expression, together with an increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 and a concomitant decreased expression of the transcriptional regulator growth factor independence 1 were observed in TLR ligands or IFN-treated FTOCs.
123	18490712	Because TLR ligands are widely used as vaccine adjuvants, their immunomodulatory actions mediated mainly by IFN-alpha suggested by our results should be taken in consideration.
124	18490712	Here we show that treatment of murine fetal thymic organ cultures (FTOCs) with TLR3 or TLR7 ligands induced rapid expression of IFN-alpha and -beta mRNA, hallmarks of acute and chronic viral infections.
125	18490712	Down-regulation of IL-7R alpha-chain expression, together with an increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 and a concomitant decreased expression of the transcriptional regulator growth factor independence 1 were observed in TLR ligands or IFN-treated FTOCs.
126	18490712	Because TLR ligands are widely used as vaccine adjuvants, their immunomodulatory actions mediated mainly by IFN-alpha suggested by our results should be taken in consideration.
127	19561532	Vaccination of renal cell cancer patients with modified vaccinia Ankara delivering the tumor antigen 5T4 (TroVax) alone or administered in combination with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha): a phase 2 trial.
128	19561532	MVA-5T4 has been evaluated in an open-label phase 2 trial in metastatic renal cell cancer patients in which the vaccine was administered alone or in combination with interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha).
129	19561532	The safety, immunologic, and clinical efficacy of MVA-5T4 with or without IFN-alpha was determined.
130	19561532	Twenty-eight patients with metastatic renal cell cancer were treated with MVA-5T4 alone (13) or plus IFN-alpha (15).
131	19561532	One patient treated with MVA-5T4 plus IFN-alpha showed a partial response for >7 months, whereas an additional 14 patients (7 receiving MVA-5T4 plus IFN and 7 receiving MVA-5T4 alone) showed periods of disease stabilization ranging from 1.73 to 9.60 months.
132	19561532	MVA-5T4 administered alone or in combination with IFN-alpha was well tolerated in all patients.
133	19561532	Vaccination of renal cell cancer patients with modified vaccinia Ankara delivering the tumor antigen 5T4 (TroVax) alone or administered in combination with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha): a phase 2 trial.
134	19561532	MVA-5T4 has been evaluated in an open-label phase 2 trial in metastatic renal cell cancer patients in which the vaccine was administered alone or in combination with interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha).
135	19561532	The safety, immunologic, and clinical efficacy of MVA-5T4 with or without IFN-alpha was determined.
136	19561532	Twenty-eight patients with metastatic renal cell cancer were treated with MVA-5T4 alone (13) or plus IFN-alpha (15).
137	19561532	One patient treated with MVA-5T4 plus IFN-alpha showed a partial response for >7 months, whereas an additional 14 patients (7 receiving MVA-5T4 plus IFN and 7 receiving MVA-5T4 alone) showed periods of disease stabilization ranging from 1.73 to 9.60 months.
138	19561532	MVA-5T4 administered alone or in combination with IFN-alpha was well tolerated in all patients.
139	19561532	Vaccination of renal cell cancer patients with modified vaccinia Ankara delivering the tumor antigen 5T4 (TroVax) alone or administered in combination with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha): a phase 2 trial.
140	19561532	MVA-5T4 has been evaluated in an open-label phase 2 trial in metastatic renal cell cancer patients in which the vaccine was administered alone or in combination with interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha).
141	19561532	The safety, immunologic, and clinical efficacy of MVA-5T4 with or without IFN-alpha was determined.
142	19561532	Twenty-eight patients with metastatic renal cell cancer were treated with MVA-5T4 alone (13) or plus IFN-alpha (15).
143	19561532	One patient treated with MVA-5T4 plus IFN-alpha showed a partial response for >7 months, whereas an additional 14 patients (7 receiving MVA-5T4 plus IFN and 7 receiving MVA-5T4 alone) showed periods of disease stabilization ranging from 1.73 to 9.60 months.
144	19561532	MVA-5T4 administered alone or in combination with IFN-alpha was well tolerated in all patients.
145	19561532	Vaccination of renal cell cancer patients with modified vaccinia Ankara delivering the tumor antigen 5T4 (TroVax) alone or administered in combination with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha): a phase 2 trial.
146	19561532	MVA-5T4 has been evaluated in an open-label phase 2 trial in metastatic renal cell cancer patients in which the vaccine was administered alone or in combination with interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha).
147	19561532	The safety, immunologic, and clinical efficacy of MVA-5T4 with or without IFN-alpha was determined.
148	19561532	Twenty-eight patients with metastatic renal cell cancer were treated with MVA-5T4 alone (13) or plus IFN-alpha (15).
149	19561532	One patient treated with MVA-5T4 plus IFN-alpha showed a partial response for >7 months, whereas an additional 14 patients (7 receiving MVA-5T4 plus IFN and 7 receiving MVA-5T4 alone) showed periods of disease stabilization ranging from 1.73 to 9.60 months.
150	19561532	MVA-5T4 administered alone or in combination with IFN-alpha was well tolerated in all patients.
151	19561532	Vaccination of renal cell cancer patients with modified vaccinia Ankara delivering the tumor antigen 5T4 (TroVax) alone or administered in combination with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha): a phase 2 trial.
152	19561532	MVA-5T4 has been evaluated in an open-label phase 2 trial in metastatic renal cell cancer patients in which the vaccine was administered alone or in combination with interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha).
153	19561532	The safety, immunologic, and clinical efficacy of MVA-5T4 with or without IFN-alpha was determined.
154	19561532	Twenty-eight patients with metastatic renal cell cancer were treated with MVA-5T4 alone (13) or plus IFN-alpha (15).
155	19561532	One patient treated with MVA-5T4 plus IFN-alpha showed a partial response for >7 months, whereas an additional 14 patients (7 receiving MVA-5T4 plus IFN and 7 receiving MVA-5T4 alone) showed periods of disease stabilization ranging from 1.73 to 9.60 months.
156	19561532	MVA-5T4 administered alone or in combination with IFN-alpha was well tolerated in all patients.
157	19561532	Vaccination of renal cell cancer patients with modified vaccinia Ankara delivering the tumor antigen 5T4 (TroVax) alone or administered in combination with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha): a phase 2 trial.
158	19561532	MVA-5T4 has been evaluated in an open-label phase 2 trial in metastatic renal cell cancer patients in which the vaccine was administered alone or in combination with interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha).
159	19561532	The safety, immunologic, and clinical efficacy of MVA-5T4 with or without IFN-alpha was determined.
160	19561532	Twenty-eight patients with metastatic renal cell cancer were treated with MVA-5T4 alone (13) or plus IFN-alpha (15).
161	19561532	One patient treated with MVA-5T4 plus IFN-alpha showed a partial response for >7 months, whereas an additional 14 patients (7 receiving MVA-5T4 plus IFN and 7 receiving MVA-5T4 alone) showed periods of disease stabilization ranging from 1.73 to 9.60 months.
162	19561532	MVA-5T4 administered alone or in combination with IFN-alpha was well tolerated in all patients.
163	19667099	Type I interferon (IFN alpha) acts directly on human memory CD4+ T cells altering their response to antigen.
164	19667099	The aim of this study was to examine the impact of IFNalpha on the function of human memory CD4(+) T cells using the recall Ags purified protein derivative, tetanus toxoid, and hemagglutinin.
165	19667099	Purifying the memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells confirmed IFNalpha acted directly on these cells and not via an intermediate.
166	19667099	The T cells could be divided into two broad categories depending on how IFNalpha effected their responses to cognate Ag: 1) enhanced proliferation and a striking increase in IFNgamma-production compared with smaller increases in IL-10 (increased ratio of IFNgamma:IL-10), and 2) neutral or diminished proliferation coupled with a smaller increase in IFNgamma relative to the increase in IL-10 (reduced IFNgamma:IL-10 ratio).
167	19667099	Type I interferon (IFN alpha) acts directly on human memory CD4+ T cells altering their response to antigen.
168	19667099	The aim of this study was to examine the impact of IFNalpha on the function of human memory CD4(+) T cells using the recall Ags purified protein derivative, tetanus toxoid, and hemagglutinin.
169	19667099	Purifying the memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells confirmed IFNalpha acted directly on these cells and not via an intermediate.
170	19667099	The T cells could be divided into two broad categories depending on how IFNalpha effected their responses to cognate Ag: 1) enhanced proliferation and a striking increase in IFNgamma-production compared with smaller increases in IL-10 (increased ratio of IFNgamma:IL-10), and 2) neutral or diminished proliferation coupled with a smaller increase in IFNgamma relative to the increase in IL-10 (reduced IFNgamma:IL-10 ratio).
171	19667099	Type I interferon (IFN alpha) acts directly on human memory CD4+ T cells altering their response to antigen.
172	19667099	The aim of this study was to examine the impact of IFNalpha on the function of human memory CD4(+) T cells using the recall Ags purified protein derivative, tetanus toxoid, and hemagglutinin.
173	19667099	Purifying the memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells confirmed IFNalpha acted directly on these cells and not via an intermediate.
174	19667099	The T cells could be divided into two broad categories depending on how IFNalpha effected their responses to cognate Ag: 1) enhanced proliferation and a striking increase in IFNgamma-production compared with smaller increases in IL-10 (increased ratio of IFNgamma:IL-10), and 2) neutral or diminished proliferation coupled with a smaller increase in IFNgamma relative to the increase in IL-10 (reduced IFNgamma:IL-10 ratio).
175	19733573	In this study, we assessed the relationship between stimulation of human purified resting peripheral blood NK cells with one (tumor cell or IFN-alpha) and two (tumor cell+IFN-alpha) signals by measuring IFN-gamma using three different assays.
176	20039320	Transient depletion of CD4(+) T cells augments IL-21-based immunotherapy of disseminated neuroblastoma in syngeneic mice.
177	20039320	IL-21 is a member of the IL-2 cytokine family, produced by CD4+ T cells.
178	20039320	Anti-CD25 mAb, indeed, only partially depleted CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells, whereas anti-CD4 mAb was more effective in this respect, leading to 90% depletion of Treg cells.
179	20039320	Spleen cells from mice receiving Neuro2a/IL-21 vaccination showed increased expression of IFN-alpha2, -beta1 and -gamma mRNA.
180	20039320	Moreover, mice receiving vaccine therapy alone or vaccine+anti-CD4 mAb showed increased IFN-gamma serum levels and IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells were found in spleen cells.
181	20039320	In conclusion, anti-CD4 mAb potentiated IL-21-based IT by removing Treg cells and/or their precursors and other potentially immune-suppressive CD4+ cell subsets, thus allowing the development of an IL-21-driven CD8+ T cell response, which mediates NB rejection.
182	20099135	The activity of several potent adjuvants, including incomplete Freund's adjuvant, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, and alum, has been shown to be due at least in part to the induction of cytokines, including type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-gamma, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-12, that play key roles in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.
183	20099135	Although a number of cytokines including IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21, GM-CSF, and Flt-3 ligand have been shown to potentiate the immune response to vaccination in various experimental models, the full potential of cytokines as vaccine adjuvants remains to be established.
184	21556623	Tumor response and 4 year survival-data of patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma treated with autologous tumor vaccine and subcutaneous R-IL-2 and IFN-alpha(2b).
185	21556623	The present analysis was designed to assess the effects of concomitant application of renal cancer vaccine and cytokines on DTH skin responses to tumor cell challenge, clinical remissions and patients survival. 40 patients with advanced RCC, all with distant metastases in at least one organ, were entered after nephrectomy into a protocol involving multiple vaccinations with Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected autologous irradiated tumor cells, with subsequent repetitive 3 bi-weekly cycles of low dose interleukin-2 (r-IL-2) and interferon-alpha(2b)/rIFN-alpha(2) s.c. (1.5 million r-IL-2 Cetus units/m(2)/day and 3 million IFN-alpha IU/m(2)/day).
186	21556623	While the multi-modality treatment with autologous tumor vaccine and s.c. administration of IL-2 and IFN-alpha appears to be effective in advanced RCC, a randomized trial (ASI-IL-2/IFN-alpha vs IL-2/IFN-alpha without ASI) is now set up to help assess the role of ASI within the combined treatment regimen.
187	21556623	Tumor response and 4 year survival-data of patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma treated with autologous tumor vaccine and subcutaneous R-IL-2 and IFN-alpha(2b).
188	21556623	The present analysis was designed to assess the effects of concomitant application of renal cancer vaccine and cytokines on DTH skin responses to tumor cell challenge, clinical remissions and patients survival. 40 patients with advanced RCC, all with distant metastases in at least one organ, were entered after nephrectomy into a protocol involving multiple vaccinations with Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected autologous irradiated tumor cells, with subsequent repetitive 3 bi-weekly cycles of low dose interleukin-2 (r-IL-2) and interferon-alpha(2b)/rIFN-alpha(2) s.c. (1.5 million r-IL-2 Cetus units/m(2)/day and 3 million IFN-alpha IU/m(2)/day).
189	21556623	While the multi-modality treatment with autologous tumor vaccine and s.c. administration of IL-2 and IFN-alpha appears to be effective in advanced RCC, a randomized trial (ASI-IL-2/IFN-alpha vs IL-2/IFN-alpha without ASI) is now set up to help assess the role of ASI within the combined treatment regimen.
190	21556623	Tumor response and 4 year survival-data of patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma treated with autologous tumor vaccine and subcutaneous R-IL-2 and IFN-alpha(2b).
191	21556623	The present analysis was designed to assess the effects of concomitant application of renal cancer vaccine and cytokines on DTH skin responses to tumor cell challenge, clinical remissions and patients survival. 40 patients with advanced RCC, all with distant metastases in at least one organ, were entered after nephrectomy into a protocol involving multiple vaccinations with Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected autologous irradiated tumor cells, with subsequent repetitive 3 bi-weekly cycles of low dose interleukin-2 (r-IL-2) and interferon-alpha(2b)/rIFN-alpha(2) s.c. (1.5 million r-IL-2 Cetus units/m(2)/day and 3 million IFN-alpha IU/m(2)/day).
192	21556623	While the multi-modality treatment with autologous tumor vaccine and s.c. administration of IL-2 and IFN-alpha appears to be effective in advanced RCC, a randomized trial (ASI-IL-2/IFN-alpha vs IL-2/IFN-alpha without ASI) is now set up to help assess the role of ASI within the combined treatment regimen.
193	23845179	IL4 and IFNalpha generation of dendritic cells reveals great migratory potential and NFkB and cJun expression in IL4DCs.
194	23845179	Dendritic cells (DCs) recently revealed as a potent tumor vaccine component, are commonly differentiated from monocytes by cultivation with IL-4 and GM-CSF.
195	23845179	The aim of this study was to compare the functionality and phenotypic characterization of monocyte-derived DC generated by IL-4 (IL4DC) and IFNalpha (IFNalphaDC) modified protocols.
196	23845179	We herein investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the parameters previously described, as the relative expression of NF-kB p65, c-fos and c-jun, transcription factors.
197	23845179	Our results demonstrated that IL4DC presented a stable phenotype, an increase in migratory capacity and NF-KB activation, in addition to lower levels of miR-146 a and miR-221.
198	23845179	IL4 and IFNalpha generation of dendritic cells reveals great migratory potential and NFkB and cJun expression in IL4DCs.
199	23845179	Dendritic cells (DCs) recently revealed as a potent tumor vaccine component, are commonly differentiated from monocytes by cultivation with IL-4 and GM-CSF.
200	23845179	The aim of this study was to compare the functionality and phenotypic characterization of monocyte-derived DC generated by IL-4 (IL4DC) and IFNalpha (IFNalphaDC) modified protocols.
201	23845179	We herein investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the parameters previously described, as the relative expression of NF-kB p65, c-fos and c-jun, transcription factors.
202	23845179	Our results demonstrated that IL4DC presented a stable phenotype, an increase in migratory capacity and NF-KB activation, in addition to lower levels of miR-146 a and miR-221.