Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: IL13RA2

Gene name: interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 2

HGNC ID: 5975

Synonyms: IL-13R, IL13BP, CD213a2, CT19

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ADM	1 hits
2	BIRC5	1 hits
3	CASP8	1 hits
4	CCL23	1 hits
5	CD8A	1 hits
6	ECD	1 hits
7	EPHA2	1 hits
8	ERBB2	1 hits
9	HLA-A	1 hits
10	IFNAR1	1 hits
11	IFNG	1 hits
12	IL13	1 hits
13	IL13RA1	1 hits
14	IL17A	1 hits
15	IL4	1 hits
16	IL4R	1 hits
17	IL6	1 hits
18	IL8	1 hits
19	IRF1	1 hits
20	MYH6	1 hits
21	PRKG1	1 hits
22	SLC20A1	1 hits
23	ST3GAL6	1 hits
24	STAT3	1 hits
25	TNFSF10	1 hits
26	WARS	1 hits
27	WT1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	12231526	Identification of a novel HLA-A*0201-restricted, cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope in a human glioma-associated antigen, interleukin 13 receptor alpha2 chain.
2	16618770	Characterization of a novel human tumor antigen interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain.
3	16618770	The interleukin (IL)-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2) chain is a primary binding and internalization subunit for a Th2-derived immune regulatory cytokine, IL-13.
4	16618770	Histologic analysis of regressing tumors identified infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the expression of CXCL9 chemokine in tumors.
5	16618770	Characterization of a novel human tumor antigen interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain.
6	16618770	The interleukin (IL)-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2) chain is a primary binding and internalization subunit for a Th2-derived immune regulatory cytokine, IL-13.
7	16618770	Histologic analysis of regressing tumors identified infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the expression of CXCL9 chemokine in tumors.
8	16700620	Convection-enhanced delivery of interleukin-13 receptor-directed cytotoxin for malignant glioma therapy.
9	16700620	To target these IL-13R, we generated a chimeric fusion protein, composed of human IL-13 and mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), termed IL-13 cytotoxin (IL13-PE), and tested its cytotoxicity to IL-13R-expressing GBM cells.
10	16700620	IL-13 cytotoxin was highly potent and selective in killing IL-13R-expressing GBM cells.
11	16700620	These clinical trials involved convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of IL-13 cytotoxin either intratumoral or intraparenchymal after resection of tumor.
12	16700620	Convection-enhanced delivery of interleukin-13 receptor-directed cytotoxin for malignant glioma therapy.
13	16700620	To target these IL-13R, we generated a chimeric fusion protein, composed of human IL-13 and mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), termed IL-13 cytotoxin (IL13-PE), and tested its cytotoxicity to IL-13R-expressing GBM cells.
14	16700620	IL-13 cytotoxin was highly potent and selective in killing IL-13R-expressing GBM cells.
15	16700620	These clinical trials involved convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of IL-13 cytotoxin either intratumoral or intraparenchymal after resection of tumor.
16	16709016	The IL-4 and IL-13 pseudomonas exotoxins: new hope for brain tumor therapy.
17	16709016	The authors have discovered that receptors for two cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, are overexpressed on tumor biopsy samples and on cell lines derived from a variety of human tumors, including brain tumors.
18	16709016	In human solid tumor cells, IL-4 binds to two chains (IL-4Ra and IL-13Ra1), whereas IL- 13 binds to three chains in many solid tumor cells, including glioma cells (to IL-4Ra, IL-13Ra1, and IL-13Ra2).
19	16709016	To target IL-4Rs and IL-13Rs, the authors generated two recombinant fusion cytotoxins composed of IL-4 or IL-13 and a mutated form of pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), which for simplicity are called IL4-PE and IL13-PE in this paper.
20	16709016	The IL-4 and IL-13 pseudomonas exotoxins: new hope for brain tumor therapy.
21	16709016	The authors have discovered that receptors for two cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, are overexpressed on tumor biopsy samples and on cell lines derived from a variety of human tumors, including brain tumors.
22	16709016	In human solid tumor cells, IL-4 binds to two chains (IL-4Ra and IL-13Ra1), whereas IL- 13 binds to three chains in many solid tumor cells, including glioma cells (to IL-4Ra, IL-13Ra1, and IL-13Ra2).
23	16709016	To target IL-4Rs and IL-13Rs, the authors generated two recombinant fusion cytotoxins composed of IL-4 or IL-13 and a mutated form of pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), which for simplicity are called IL4-PE and IL13-PE in this paper.
24	16740728	Identification of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 peptide analogues capable of inducing improved antiglioma CTL responses.
25	16740728	Restricted and high-level expression of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2) in a majority of human malignant gliomas makes this protein an attractive vaccine target.
26	16740728	Identification of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 peptide analogues capable of inducing improved antiglioma CTL responses.
27	16740728	Restricted and high-level expression of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2) in a majority of human malignant gliomas makes this protein an attractive vaccine target.
28	16902988	Interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain: a potential biomarker and molecular target for ovarian cancer therapy.
29	17023392	N-linked glycosylation of IL-13R alpha2 is essential for optimal IL-13 inhibitory activity.
30	17023392	The extracellular domain of IL-13R alpha2 (ECD alpha2) could be cleaved, which serves as a decoy receptor.
31	17023392	The purified glycosylated ECD alpha2 efficiently inhibited IL-13-induced STAT6 phosphorylation in immune and Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines, IL-13 binding, and cytotoxicity of IL-13 cytotoxin in various cancer cell lines.
32	17023392	ECD alpha2 did not inhibit IL-4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation, indicating that inhibitory effects of ECD alpha2 are receptor specific.
33	17023392	N-linked glycosylation of IL-13R alpha2 is essential for optimal IL-13 inhibitory activity.
34	17023392	The extracellular domain of IL-13R alpha2 (ECD alpha2) could be cleaved, which serves as a decoy receptor.
35	17023392	The purified glycosylated ECD alpha2 efficiently inhibited IL-13-induced STAT6 phosphorylation in immune and Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines, IL-13 binding, and cytotoxicity of IL-13 cytotoxin in various cancer cell lines.
36	17023392	ECD alpha2 did not inhibit IL-4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation, indicating that inhibitory effects of ECD alpha2 are receptor specific.
37	17027527	IL-13 binds to two primary receptor chains IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-13Ralpha2.
38	17027527	The IL-13Ralpha2 but not IL-13Ralpha1 chain binds IL-13 with high affinity and is overexpressed in a variety of human cancer cells derived from glioma, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
39	17027527	In contrast, normal tissues such as brain, lung, endothelial cells, and head and neck tissues express IL-13Ralpha1 chain, but show only marginal expression of IL-13Ralpha2 chain.
40	17027527	To target IL-13R, a recombinant fusion protein composed of IL-13 and a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) has been produced.
41	17027527	IL-13 binds to two primary receptor chains IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-13Ralpha2.
42	17027527	The IL-13Ralpha2 but not IL-13Ralpha1 chain binds IL-13 with high affinity and is overexpressed in a variety of human cancer cells derived from glioma, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
43	17027527	In contrast, normal tissues such as brain, lung, endothelial cells, and head and neck tissues express IL-13Ralpha1 chain, but show only marginal expression of IL-13Ralpha2 chain.
44	17027527	To target IL-13R, a recombinant fusion protein composed of IL-13 and a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) has been produced.
45	17027527	IL-13 binds to two primary receptor chains IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-13Ralpha2.
46	17027527	The IL-13Ralpha2 but not IL-13Ralpha1 chain binds IL-13 with high affinity and is overexpressed in a variety of human cancer cells derived from glioma, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
47	17027527	In contrast, normal tissues such as brain, lung, endothelial cells, and head and neck tissues express IL-13Ralpha1 chain, but show only marginal expression of IL-13Ralpha2 chain.
48	17027527	To target IL-13R, a recombinant fusion protein composed of IL-13 and a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) has been produced.
49	17027527	IL-13 binds to two primary receptor chains IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-13Ralpha2.
50	17027527	The IL-13Ralpha2 but not IL-13Ralpha1 chain binds IL-13 with high affinity and is overexpressed in a variety of human cancer cells derived from glioma, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
51	17027527	In contrast, normal tissues such as brain, lung, endothelial cells, and head and neck tissues express IL-13Ralpha1 chain, but show only marginal expression of IL-13Ralpha2 chain.
52	17027527	To target IL-13R, a recombinant fusion protein composed of IL-13 and a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) has been produced.
53	17143781	Of the genes tested, 21 genes (IRF-1, IFN 1-2 promoter, IFNAR-1, IRF-10, IFN-gamma, 2',5'-OAS, IAP-1, caspase 8, TRAIL-like, STAT-3, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-3 alpha, MHC-I, MHC-II, TVB, GLVR-1, OTF, IL-13R alpha, ST3GAL-VI and PGK) showed an increased expression.
54	17143781	The remaining seven genes (IFNAR-2, IFN-alpha, NF-kappaB subunit p65, BLRcp38, DDX1, G6PDH and UB) showed a constant expression or only slight alteration.
55	18324354	Expression of EphA2, IL-13Ralpha2 and Survivin were studied by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissues using a series of 15 BSG cases and 12 NBSG cases.
56	18324354	These results suggest that EphA2, IL-13Ralpha2 and Survivin are suitable targets for developing vaccine strategies for pediatric glioma.
57	18324354	Expression of EphA2, IL-13Ralpha2 and Survivin were studied by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissues using a series of 15 BSG cases and 12 NBSG cases.
58	18324354	These results suggest that EphA2, IL-13Ralpha2 and Survivin are suitable targets for developing vaccine strategies for pediatric glioma.
59	18430795	Identification of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain overexpression in situ in high-grade diffusely infiltrative pediatric brainstem glioma.
60	18430795	Human malignant glioma cell lines and adult brain tumors overexpress high levels of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain (IL-13Ralpha2).
61	18430795	Identification of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain overexpression in situ in high-grade diffusely infiltrative pediatric brainstem glioma.
62	18430795	Human malignant glioma cell lines and adult brain tumors overexpress high levels of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain (IL-13Ralpha2).
63	18566228	We have shown previously that high-affinity receptors for interleukin-13 (IL-13Ralpha2) are overexpressed on a variety of solid cancer cells, diseased fibroblasts, and other cells, and a chimeric fusion protein composed of human IL-13 and mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL-13-PE38) is highly and specifically cytotoxic to these cells in vitro and in vivo.
64	18566228	The cytotoxic activity was neutralized by purified extracellular domain of IL-13Ralpha2 but not by IL-13, indicating that cytotoxic activity is specific.
65	18566228	We have shown previously that high-affinity receptors for interleukin-13 (IL-13Ralpha2) are overexpressed on a variety of solid cancer cells, diseased fibroblasts, and other cells, and a chimeric fusion protein composed of human IL-13 and mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL-13-PE38) is highly and specifically cytotoxic to these cells in vitro and in vivo.
66	18566228	The cytotoxic activity was neutralized by purified extracellular domain of IL-13Ralpha2 but not by IL-13, indicating that cytotoxic activity is specific.
67	18665158	The majority of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors (80%) overexpress interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2), but there is no expression of IL-13Ralpha2 in normal brain.
68	18665158	MV-GFP-H(AA)-IL-13 was generated from the Edmonston-NSe vaccine strain, by displaying human IL-13 at the C-terminus of the H protein, and introducing CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-ablating mutations in H.
69	18665158	The IL-13 retargeted virus showed significant cytopathic effect (CPE) against IL-13Ralpha2 overexpressing glioma lines, and lack of CPE/viral replication in normal human astrocytes and normal human fibroblasts not expressing IL-13Ralpha2.
70	18665158	In contrast to MV-GFP-treated mice, administration of the retargeted strain in the central nervous system of measles replication-permissive Ifnar(ko) CD46 Ge mice resulted in lack of neurotoxicity.
71	18665158	The majority of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors (80%) overexpress interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2), but there is no expression of IL-13Ralpha2 in normal brain.
72	18665158	MV-GFP-H(AA)-IL-13 was generated from the Edmonston-NSe vaccine strain, by displaying human IL-13 at the C-terminus of the H protein, and introducing CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-ablating mutations in H.
73	18665158	The IL-13 retargeted virus showed significant cytopathic effect (CPE) against IL-13Ralpha2 overexpressing glioma lines, and lack of CPE/viral replication in normal human astrocytes and normal human fibroblasts not expressing IL-13Ralpha2.
74	18665158	In contrast to MV-GFP-treated mice, administration of the retargeted strain in the central nervous system of measles replication-permissive Ifnar(ko) CD46 Ge mice resulted in lack of neurotoxicity.
75	18677476	cDNA clone, prokaryotic expression and purification of human interleukin-13 receptor [alpha]2 chain.
76	18677476	Recent studies show that interleukin-13 receptor [alpha]2 chain (IL-13Ra2), a brain tumor-associated receptor for IL-13, may play a role in immunotherapy for glioblastoma.
77	18677476	cDNA clone, prokaryotic expression and purification of human interleukin-13 receptor [alpha]2 chain.
78	18677476	Recent studies show that interleukin-13 receptor [alpha]2 chain (IL-13Ra2), a brain tumor-associated receptor for IL-13, may play a role in immunotherapy for glioblastoma.
79	18795121	Interleukin 12 (IL-12) can activate type I NKT cells to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), whereas type II NKT cells may produce IL-13.
80	18795121	The high-affinity chain of IL-13Ralpha2 may act as negative inhibitor, suppressing the action of IL-13 and helping to maintain tumor immunosurveillance.
81	18795121	We conclude that IL-12 gene therapy, followed by continuous administration of IL-13Ralpha2-Fc gene along with 7A-drug has antitumor activity involving the high production of proinflammatory cytokines and low immune suppression, specifically by NK1.1(+)T cells producing IL-13 and IL-10.
82	19010904	Human adrenomedullin up-regulates interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo: a novel approach to sensitize prostate cancer to anticancer therapy.
83	19010904	Interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2), a high-affinity IL-13 binding subunit and a tumor antigen, is amplified in a variety of human tumor cell lines and tumors in vivo.
84	19010904	By cDNA microarray, we have shown that gene transfer of human and rat adrenomedullin (AM) up-regulates IL-13Ralpha2 in a human prostate tumor cell line.
85	19010904	The 8- to 10-fold up-regulation of IL-13Ralpha2 by rAM or AM peptide in prostate tumor cells in vitro and in vivo increased their sensitivity to IL-13PE cytotoxin consisting of IL-13 and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin.
86	19010904	These results indicate that two completely unrelated hormones (AM and IL-13) are closely related to each other and that we have identified a novel role of AM in sensitizing certain types of prostate tumors to IL-13R-directed therapeutic agent.
87	19010904	Human adrenomedullin up-regulates interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo: a novel approach to sensitize prostate cancer to anticancer therapy.
88	19010904	Interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2), a high-affinity IL-13 binding subunit and a tumor antigen, is amplified in a variety of human tumor cell lines and tumors in vivo.
89	19010904	By cDNA microarray, we have shown that gene transfer of human and rat adrenomedullin (AM) up-regulates IL-13Ralpha2 in a human prostate tumor cell line.
90	19010904	The 8- to 10-fold up-regulation of IL-13Ralpha2 by rAM or AM peptide in prostate tumor cells in vitro and in vivo increased their sensitivity to IL-13PE cytotoxin consisting of IL-13 and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin.
91	19010904	These results indicate that two completely unrelated hormones (AM and IL-13) are closely related to each other and that we have identified a novel role of AM in sensitizing certain types of prostate tumors to IL-13R-directed therapeutic agent.
92	19010904	Human adrenomedullin up-regulates interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo: a novel approach to sensitize prostate cancer to anticancer therapy.
93	19010904	Interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2), a high-affinity IL-13 binding subunit and a tumor antigen, is amplified in a variety of human tumor cell lines and tumors in vivo.
94	19010904	By cDNA microarray, we have shown that gene transfer of human and rat adrenomedullin (AM) up-regulates IL-13Ralpha2 in a human prostate tumor cell line.
95	19010904	The 8- to 10-fold up-regulation of IL-13Ralpha2 by rAM or AM peptide in prostate tumor cells in vitro and in vivo increased their sensitivity to IL-13PE cytotoxin consisting of IL-13 and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin.
96	19010904	These results indicate that two completely unrelated hormones (AM and IL-13) are closely related to each other and that we have identified a novel role of AM in sensitizing certain types of prostate tumors to IL-13R-directed therapeutic agent.
97	19010904	Human adrenomedullin up-regulates interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo: a novel approach to sensitize prostate cancer to anticancer therapy.
98	19010904	Interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2), a high-affinity IL-13 binding subunit and a tumor antigen, is amplified in a variety of human tumor cell lines and tumors in vivo.
99	19010904	By cDNA microarray, we have shown that gene transfer of human and rat adrenomedullin (AM) up-regulates IL-13Ralpha2 in a human prostate tumor cell line.
100	19010904	The 8- to 10-fold up-regulation of IL-13Ralpha2 by rAM or AM peptide in prostate tumor cells in vitro and in vivo increased their sensitivity to IL-13PE cytotoxin consisting of IL-13 and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin.
101	19010904	These results indicate that two completely unrelated hormones (AM and IL-13) are closely related to each other and that we have identified a novel role of AM in sensitizing certain types of prostate tumors to IL-13R-directed therapeutic agent.
102	19010904	Human adrenomedullin up-regulates interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo: a novel approach to sensitize prostate cancer to anticancer therapy.
103	19010904	Interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2), a high-affinity IL-13 binding subunit and a tumor antigen, is amplified in a variety of human tumor cell lines and tumors in vivo.
104	19010904	By cDNA microarray, we have shown that gene transfer of human and rat adrenomedullin (AM) up-regulates IL-13Ralpha2 in a human prostate tumor cell line.
105	19010904	The 8- to 10-fold up-regulation of IL-13Ralpha2 by rAM or AM peptide in prostate tumor cells in vitro and in vivo increased their sensitivity to IL-13PE cytotoxin consisting of IL-13 and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin.
106	19010904	These results indicate that two completely unrelated hormones (AM and IL-13) are closely related to each other and that we have identified a novel role of AM in sensitizing certain types of prostate tumors to IL-13R-directed therapeutic agent.
107	20068108	Interleukin 13 mediates signal transduction through interleukin 13 receptor alpha2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: role of IL-13 Pseudomonas exotoxin in pancreatic cancer therapy.
108	20400066	Killing effect of interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Ralpha2) sensitized DC-CTL cells on human glioblastoma U251 cells.
109	20400066	Recent studies show that IL-13Ralpha2, a brain tumor-associated antigen for IL-13, may play a role in immunotherapy for glioblastoma.
110	20400066	The results demonstrated that IL-13Ralpha2 induced CTLs could kill glioma U251 in vitro, which suggests that IL-13 Ralpha2 might have such an impact in vivo and thus recombinant IL-13Ra2 protein might be used as an anti-tumor vaccine, providing a promising new strategy for the treatment of brain malignant gliomas.
111	20400066	Killing effect of interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Ralpha2) sensitized DC-CTL cells on human glioblastoma U251 cells.
112	20400066	Recent studies show that IL-13Ralpha2, a brain tumor-associated antigen for IL-13, may play a role in immunotherapy for glioblastoma.
113	20400066	The results demonstrated that IL-13Ralpha2 induced CTLs could kill glioma U251 in vitro, which suggests that IL-13 Ralpha2 might have such an impact in vivo and thus recombinant IL-13Ra2 protein might be used as an anti-tumor vaccine, providing a promising new strategy for the treatment of brain malignant gliomas.
114	20400066	Killing effect of interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Ralpha2) sensitized DC-CTL cells on human glioblastoma U251 cells.
115	20400066	Recent studies show that IL-13Ralpha2, a brain tumor-associated antigen for IL-13, may play a role in immunotherapy for glioblastoma.
116	20400066	The results demonstrated that IL-13Ralpha2 induced CTLs could kill glioma U251 in vitro, which suggests that IL-13 Ralpha2 might have such an impact in vivo and thus recombinant IL-13Ra2 protein might be used as an anti-tumor vaccine, providing a promising new strategy for the treatment of brain malignant gliomas.
117	20473925	Targeting IL-13Rα2 in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with combination therapy of IL-13-PE and gemcitabine.
118	20473925	We have identified that 71% pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) express high levels of IL-13Rα2, a high-affinity receptor for IL-13.
119	20473925	To target IL-13Rα2, we have developed a recombinant immunotoxin, which is a fusion of IL-13 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL-13-PE).
120	20473925	When IL-13Rα2 was knocked-down by RNAi prior to tumor implantation, IL-13-PE and gemcitabine did not synergize indicating that IL-13Rα2 is essential.
121	20473925	Targeting IL-13Rα2 in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with combination therapy of IL-13-PE and gemcitabine.
122	20473925	We have identified that 71% pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) express high levels of IL-13Rα2, a high-affinity receptor for IL-13.
123	20473925	To target IL-13Rα2, we have developed a recombinant immunotoxin, which is a fusion of IL-13 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL-13-PE).
124	20473925	When IL-13Rα2 was knocked-down by RNAi prior to tumor implantation, IL-13-PE and gemcitabine did not synergize indicating that IL-13Rα2 is essential.
125	20473925	Targeting IL-13Rα2 in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with combination therapy of IL-13-PE and gemcitabine.
126	20473925	We have identified that 71% pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) express high levels of IL-13Rα2, a high-affinity receptor for IL-13.
127	20473925	To target IL-13Rα2, we have developed a recombinant immunotoxin, which is a fusion of IL-13 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL-13-PE).
128	20473925	When IL-13Rα2 was knocked-down by RNAi prior to tumor implantation, IL-13-PE and gemcitabine did not synergize indicating that IL-13Rα2 is essential.
129	20473925	Targeting IL-13Rα2 in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with combination therapy of IL-13-PE and gemcitabine.
130	20473925	We have identified that 71% pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) express high levels of IL-13Rα2, a high-affinity receptor for IL-13.
131	20473925	To target IL-13Rα2, we have developed a recombinant immunotoxin, which is a fusion of IL-13 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL-13-PE).
132	20473925	When IL-13Rα2 was knocked-down by RNAi prior to tumor implantation, IL-13-PE and gemcitabine did not synergize indicating that IL-13Rα2 is essential.
133	22013118	A targeted cytotoxin composed of IL-13 and mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin induced specific killing of IL-13Rα2(+) tumor cells.
134	23179498	Our group's initial peptide-based glioma vaccine targeting EphA2, IL-13Rα2, and Survivin, which are overexpressed in pediatric gliomas, has shown promise in its initial phase of testing.
135	23179498	We therefore investigated whether EphA2, IL-13Rα2, Survivin, and, additionally, Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1), are overexpressed in pediatric ependymomas to determine if a similar immunotherapy approach could be applicable.
136	23179498	Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies specific for EphA2, IL-13Rα2, Survivin, and WT1 on paraffin-embedded specimens from 19 pediatric and 13 adult ependymomas.
137	23179498	In the 19 pediatric cases, 18 (95 %) demonstrated positive staining for EphA2, 16 (84 %) for IL-13Rα2, 18 (95 %) for Survivin, and only 7 (37 %) for WT1.
138	23179498	Our group's initial peptide-based glioma vaccine targeting EphA2, IL-13Rα2, and Survivin, which are overexpressed in pediatric gliomas, has shown promise in its initial phase of testing.
139	23179498	We therefore investigated whether EphA2, IL-13Rα2, Survivin, and, additionally, Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1), are overexpressed in pediatric ependymomas to determine if a similar immunotherapy approach could be applicable.
140	23179498	Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies specific for EphA2, IL-13Rα2, Survivin, and WT1 on paraffin-embedded specimens from 19 pediatric and 13 adult ependymomas.
141	23179498	In the 19 pediatric cases, 18 (95 %) demonstrated positive staining for EphA2, 16 (84 %) for IL-13Rα2, 18 (95 %) for Survivin, and only 7 (37 %) for WT1.
142	23179498	Our group's initial peptide-based glioma vaccine targeting EphA2, IL-13Rα2, and Survivin, which are overexpressed in pediatric gliomas, has shown promise in its initial phase of testing.
143	23179498	We therefore investigated whether EphA2, IL-13Rα2, Survivin, and, additionally, Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1), are overexpressed in pediatric ependymomas to determine if a similar immunotherapy approach could be applicable.
144	23179498	Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies specific for EphA2, IL-13Rα2, Survivin, and WT1 on paraffin-embedded specimens from 19 pediatric and 13 adult ependymomas.
145	23179498	In the 19 pediatric cases, 18 (95 %) demonstrated positive staining for EphA2, 16 (84 %) for IL-13Rα2, 18 (95 %) for Survivin, and only 7 (37 %) for WT1.
146	23179498	Our group's initial peptide-based glioma vaccine targeting EphA2, IL-13Rα2, and Survivin, which are overexpressed in pediatric gliomas, has shown promise in its initial phase of testing.
147	23179498	We therefore investigated whether EphA2, IL-13Rα2, Survivin, and, additionally, Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1), are overexpressed in pediatric ependymomas to determine if a similar immunotherapy approach could be applicable.
148	23179498	Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies specific for EphA2, IL-13Rα2, Survivin, and WT1 on paraffin-embedded specimens from 19 pediatric and 13 adult ependymomas.
149	23179498	In the 19 pediatric cases, 18 (95 %) demonstrated positive staining for EphA2, 16 (84 %) for IL-13Rα2, 18 (95 %) for Survivin, and only 7 (37 %) for WT1.
150	23933364	IL-4 and IL-13 mediated down-regulation of CD8 expression levels can dampen anti-viral CD8⁺ T cell avidity following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination.
151	23933364	We have shown that mucosal HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination can induce high, avidity HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells with reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 expression compared to, systemic vaccine delivery.
152	23933364	Out of a panel of T cell avidity markers tested, only CD8 expression levels were found to be enhanced on, KdGag197-205 (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T cells obtained from IL-13(-/-), IL-4(-/-) and signal transducer and, activator of transcription of 6 (STAT6)(-/-) mice compared to wild-type (WT) controls following, vaccination.
153	23933364	Elevated CD8 expression levels in this instance also correlated with polyfunctionality, (interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necorsis factor (TNF)-α and IL-2 production) and the avidity of HIVspecific CD8(+) T cells.
154	23933364	IL-13Rα2) vaccines significantly enhanced CD8 expression levels on HIV-specific CD8(+), T cells, which correlated with avidity.
155	23933364	Using anti-CD8 antibodies that blocked CD8 availability on CD8(+), T cells, it was established that CD8 played an important role in increasing HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell avidity and polyfunctionality in IL-4(-/-), IL-13(-/-) and STAT6(-/-) mice compared to WT controls, following vaccination.
156	23933364	Collectively, our data demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 dampen CD8 expression levels on anti-viral CD8(+) T cells, which can down-regulate anti-viral CD8(+) T cell avidity and, polyfunctionality following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination.
157	25151041	We have established that the efficacy of a heterologous poxvirus vectored HIV vaccine, fowlpox virus (FPV)-HIV gag/pol prime followed by attenuated vaccinia virus (VV)-HIV gag/pol booster immunisation, is strongly influenced by the cytokine milieu at the priming vaccination site, with endogenous IL-13 detrimental to the quality of the HIV specific CD8+ T cell response induced.
158	25151041	In our vaccine system, the mutant IL-4C118 can bind to IL-4 type I and II receptors with high affinity, and transiently prevent the signalling of both IL-4 and IL-13 at the vaccination site.
159	25151041	When this IL-4C118 adjuvanted vaccine was used in an intranasal rFPV/intramuscular rVV prime-boost immunisation strategy, greatly enhanced mucosal/systemic HIV specific CD8+ T cells with higher functional avidity, expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 and greater protective efficacy were detected.
160	25151041	More interestingly, our recently tested IL-13Rα2 adjuvanted vaccine which only inhibited IL-13 activity, even though induced excellent high avidity HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, had a detrimental impact on the induction of gag-specific IgG2a antibody immunity.
161	25151041	Our observations suggest that (i) IL-4 cell-signalling in the absence of IL-13 retarded gag-specific antibody isotype class switching, or (ii) IL-13Rα2 signalling was involved in inducing good gag-specific B cell immunity.
162	25151041	We have established that the efficacy of a heterologous poxvirus vectored HIV vaccine, fowlpox virus (FPV)-HIV gag/pol prime followed by attenuated vaccinia virus (VV)-HIV gag/pol booster immunisation, is strongly influenced by the cytokine milieu at the priming vaccination site, with endogenous IL-13 detrimental to the quality of the HIV specific CD8+ T cell response induced.
163	25151041	In our vaccine system, the mutant IL-4C118 can bind to IL-4 type I and II receptors with high affinity, and transiently prevent the signalling of both IL-4 and IL-13 at the vaccination site.
164	25151041	When this IL-4C118 adjuvanted vaccine was used in an intranasal rFPV/intramuscular rVV prime-boost immunisation strategy, greatly enhanced mucosal/systemic HIV specific CD8+ T cells with higher functional avidity, expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 and greater protective efficacy were detected.
165	25151041	More interestingly, our recently tested IL-13Rα2 adjuvanted vaccine which only inhibited IL-13 activity, even though induced excellent high avidity HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, had a detrimental impact on the induction of gag-specific IgG2a antibody immunity.
166	25151041	Our observations suggest that (i) IL-4 cell-signalling in the absence of IL-13 retarded gag-specific antibody isotype class switching, or (ii) IL-13Rα2 signalling was involved in inducing good gag-specific B cell immunity.
167	25159217	IL-4 and IL-13 receptors: Roles in immunity and powerful vaccine adjuvants.
168	25159217	The roles of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 during both innate and adaptive Th2 mediated immunity have received considerable scrutiny, however, mechanisms by which these cytokines influence the cellular interactions involved in negatively modulating the development of effective Th1 immunity are poorly characterized.
169	25159217	In this article we discuss the recent advances in IL-4/IL-13 biology, mainly (i) role of these cytokines in allergic inflammation, atopic dermatitis, cancer, transplant rejection, bacterial/viral infections, and specifically the therapeutic potential of IL-13Rα2, (ii) insights into how "alarmin" stimulation activate IL-4/IL-13 at the lung mucosae, (iii) how these two cytokines modulate antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell quality/avidity in a vaccine route dependent manner and (iv) finally discuss the potential of using transient inhibition of IL-4 and/or IL-13 at the vaccination site as a platform vaccine technology to induce strong sustained high quality CD8(+) T cell immunity for protection against many chronic mucosal pathogens such as HIV-1.
170	25208941	Interleukin-4 receptor alpha overexpression in human bladder cancer correlates with the pathological grade and stage of the disease.
171	25208941	Previously, we have demonstrated that interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) is overexpressed on a variety of human cancers and can serve as target for IL-4 immunotoxin comprised of IL-4 and a mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin.
172	25208941	Two other chains of IL-4 receptor complex, IL-2RγC and IL-13Rα1, were absent or weakly expressed.
173	25261870	Compared to the standard i.n. recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV)-HIV vaccination, the FPV-HIV IL-13Rα2 or IL-4Rα antagonist adjuvanted vaccines that induced higher avidity CD8(+) T cells, also recruited significantly elevated MHCII(+) CD11c(+) CD11b(+) CD103(-) CD64(-) MAR-1(-) conventional DC (cDCs) to the lung mucosae (hierarchy: IL-4R antagonist>IL-13Rα2>unadjuvanted).
174	25261870	In contrast, elevated CD11b(-) CD103(+) LDCs were detected in animals that received recombinant HIV vaccinia virus (rVV) or Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) vector-based vaccines.
175	25261870	Adoptive transfer studies indicated that CD11b(-) CD103(+) LDCs significantly dampened HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell avidity compared to CD11b(+) CD103(-) LDCs.
176	25261870	Collectively; our observations revealed that rFPV vector prime and transient inhibition of IL-4/IL-13 at the vaccination site favoured the recruitment of unique LDCs, associated with the induction of high quality immunity.
177	25493691	IL-17A expression in HIV-specific CD8 T cells is regulated by IL-4/IL-13 following HIV-1 prime-boost immunization.
178	25493691	Our previous studies have shown that vaccination of IL-4 and IL-13 gene knockout (KO) mice can induce high-avidity HIV K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells with better protective efficacy.
179	25493691	In this study, when IL-13, IL-4, STAT6 KO, and wild-type BALB/c mice were prime-boost immunized with an HIV poxviral modality, elevated numbers of IL-17A(+) splenic K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were observed in all the KO mice compared with the wt BALB/c control.
180	25493691	Similarly, when wt BALB/c mice were immunized with IL-13Rα2-adjuvanted HIV vaccines (that transiently inhibited IL-13 activity and induced high-avidity CD8 T cells with enhanced protective efficacy), elevated IL-17A(+) K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were detected both in the lung and the spleen.
181	25493691	However, at the transcriptional level, elevated TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, and IL-17A mRNA copy numbers were mainly detected in IL-4 KO, but not the IL-13 KO mice.
182	25493691	These data suggested that TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, but not IL-23a, played a role in IL-17A regulation in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells.
183	25493691	Collectively, our findings suggest that IL-4 and IL-13 differentially regulate the expression of IL-17A in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells at the transcriptional and translational level, respectively, implicating IL-17A as an indirect modulator of CD8 T cell avidity and protective immunity.
184	25767039	Eligible patients had confirmed IL-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Rα2) expressions in their tumors.
185	26034171	Besides promoting Th2 programs, IL-4 is captured by the IL-4 heteroreceptor (IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1) expressed on dendritic cells and instigates IL-12 downregulation.
186	26376741	Cell therapy is less advanced but the first clinical trials exploring the safety of T cells with chimeric antigen receptors incorporating antibodies to EGFRvIII, IL-13Rα2 or Her2 are ongoing.