- About
- Home
- Introduction
- Statistics
- Programs
- Dignet
- Gene
- GenePair
- BioSummarAI
- Help & Docs
- Documents
- Help
- FAQs
- Links
- Acknowledge
- Disclaimer
- Contact Us
Gene Information
Gene symbol: IL2
Gene name: interleukin 2
HGNC ID: 6001
Synonyms: IL-2, TCGF
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 1298869 | Proliferative and T-cell specific interleukin (IL-2/IL-4) production responses in spleen cells from mice vaccinated with aroA live attenuated Salmonella vaccines. |
| 2 | 1298869 | T-cell responses in the spleen, both in whole cell populations and in nylon wool non-adherent (T-cell enriched) cells, were studied in vitro as proliferation by incorporation of tritiated thymidine and production of T-cell specific cytokines [IL-2 (interleukin-2)/IL-4]. |
| 3 | 1298869 | Little or no IL-2/IL-4 production was seen in response to LPS or purified polysaccharide antigens, while there was a strong IL-2/IL-4 response to whole cell lysate, again markedly increasing after alkaline treatment. |
| 4 | 1298869 | Proliferative and T-cell specific interleukin (IL-2/IL-4) production responses in spleen cells from mice vaccinated with aroA live attenuated Salmonella vaccines. |
| 5 | 1298869 | T-cell responses in the spleen, both in whole cell populations and in nylon wool non-adherent (T-cell enriched) cells, were studied in vitro as proliferation by incorporation of tritiated thymidine and production of T-cell specific cytokines [IL-2 (interleukin-2)/IL-4]. |
| 6 | 1298869 | Little or no IL-2/IL-4 production was seen in response to LPS or purified polysaccharide antigens, while there was a strong IL-2/IL-4 response to whole cell lysate, again markedly increasing after alkaline treatment. |
| 7 | 1298869 | Proliferative and T-cell specific interleukin (IL-2/IL-4) production responses in spleen cells from mice vaccinated with aroA live attenuated Salmonella vaccines. |
| 8 | 1298869 | T-cell responses in the spleen, both in whole cell populations and in nylon wool non-adherent (T-cell enriched) cells, were studied in vitro as proliferation by incorporation of tritiated thymidine and production of T-cell specific cytokines [IL-2 (interleukin-2)/IL-4]. |
| 9 | 1298869 | Little or no IL-2/IL-4 production was seen in response to LPS or purified polysaccharide antigens, while there was a strong IL-2/IL-4 response to whole cell lysate, again markedly increasing after alkaline treatment. |
| 10 | 1312510 | The immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus: influence of the T lymphocyte growth factors IL-1 and IL-2 on the murine humoral response in vivo. |
| 11 | 1312510 | Recombinant and pure "natural" IL-1 and IL-2 were compared with the muramyl dipeptide (MDP) component of Freund's adjuvant for their capacity to enhance the humoral immune response against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus antigen. |
| 12 | 1312510 | When both IL-1 and IL-2 were used together, an even greater enhancement of the immune response against FMD virus antigen was observed, but only when given concomitantly with the antigen. |
| 13 | 1312510 | The immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus: influence of the T lymphocyte growth factors IL-1 and IL-2 on the murine humoral response in vivo. |
| 14 | 1312510 | Recombinant and pure "natural" IL-1 and IL-2 were compared with the muramyl dipeptide (MDP) component of Freund's adjuvant for their capacity to enhance the humoral immune response against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus antigen. |
| 15 | 1312510 | When both IL-1 and IL-2 were used together, an even greater enhancement of the immune response against FMD virus antigen was observed, but only when given concomitantly with the antigen. |
| 16 | 1312510 | The immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus: influence of the T lymphocyte growth factors IL-1 and IL-2 on the murine humoral response in vivo. |
| 17 | 1312510 | Recombinant and pure "natural" IL-1 and IL-2 were compared with the muramyl dipeptide (MDP) component of Freund's adjuvant for their capacity to enhance the humoral immune response against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus antigen. |
| 18 | 1312510 | When both IL-1 and IL-2 were used together, an even greater enhancement of the immune response against FMD virus antigen was observed, but only when given concomitantly with the antigen. |
| 19 | 1318491 | A marked level of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to Salmonella typhimurium-infection in mice, as determined by acquired resistance, delayed-type hypersensitivity, interleukin-2 production and interferon-gamma production, was induced by immunization with porin or viable cells but not with killed cells of S. typhimurium LT2. |
| 20 | 1318491 | Interleukin-1 (IL-1) production of macrophages to each immunogen was also examined; the result showed that immunization with porin or viable cells could induce a notable level of IL-1 production, while killed cells could not. |
| 21 | 1342705 | It appears that immune responses that preferentially involve T helper 1 cells (secretors of interleukin-2-and interferon-gamma) tend to be protective, whereas T helper 2 cells (secretors of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10), a population that antagonizes T helper cells, mediate disease susceptibility and are involved in immunopathological reactions. |
| 22 | 1342705 | Administration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma has beneficial effects in many infections mediated by viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. |
| 23 | 1342705 | It appears that immune responses that preferentially involve T helper 1 cells (secretors of interleukin-2-and interferon-gamma) tend to be protective, whereas T helper 2 cells (secretors of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10), a population that antagonizes T helper cells, mediate disease susceptibility and are involved in immunopathological reactions. |
| 24 | 1342705 | Administration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma has beneficial effects in many infections mediated by viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. |
| 25 | 1346727 | In vitro culture of adult peripheral blood T cells with 15 micrograms/ml PRP leads to induction of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression on up to 10% of T cells. |
| 26 | 1350916 | BA elicited IFN gamma from CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, although CD4+ T cells secrete significantly more (p less than 0.05) IFN gamma than CD8+ T cells. |
| 27 | 1350916 | The ability of BA to elicit IFN gamma from human T cells was inhibited in the presence of anti-Tac, suggesting that BA also induces IL-2 secretion and that IL-2 is involved in BA-mediated IFN gamma secretion. |
| 28 | 1350916 | Exogenous IL-2 acted synergistically with BA to enhance IFN gamma secretion, suggesting that the amount of IL-2 released by BA alone was insufficient for optimal IFN gamma release. |
| 29 | 1350916 | Furthermore, addition of IL-2 to T cells from individuals with poor or absent responses to BA, including individuals infected with HIV-1, restored their ability to secrete IFN gamma in response to BA. |
| 30 | 1350916 | BA elicited IFN gamma from CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, although CD4+ T cells secrete significantly more (p less than 0.05) IFN gamma than CD8+ T cells. |
| 31 | 1350916 | The ability of BA to elicit IFN gamma from human T cells was inhibited in the presence of anti-Tac, suggesting that BA also induces IL-2 secretion and that IL-2 is involved in BA-mediated IFN gamma secretion. |
| 32 | 1350916 | Exogenous IL-2 acted synergistically with BA to enhance IFN gamma secretion, suggesting that the amount of IL-2 released by BA alone was insufficient for optimal IFN gamma release. |
| 33 | 1350916 | Furthermore, addition of IL-2 to T cells from individuals with poor or absent responses to BA, including individuals infected with HIV-1, restored their ability to secrete IFN gamma in response to BA. |
| 34 | 1350916 | BA elicited IFN gamma from CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, although CD4+ T cells secrete significantly more (p less than 0.05) IFN gamma than CD8+ T cells. |
| 35 | 1350916 | The ability of BA to elicit IFN gamma from human T cells was inhibited in the presence of anti-Tac, suggesting that BA also induces IL-2 secretion and that IL-2 is involved in BA-mediated IFN gamma secretion. |
| 36 | 1350916 | Exogenous IL-2 acted synergistically with BA to enhance IFN gamma secretion, suggesting that the amount of IL-2 released by BA alone was insufficient for optimal IFN gamma release. |
| 37 | 1350916 | Furthermore, addition of IL-2 to T cells from individuals with poor or absent responses to BA, including individuals infected with HIV-1, restored their ability to secrete IFN gamma in response to BA. |
| 38 | 1354470 | In T cell regulation of IgA synthesis, various cytokines (e.g., TGF-beta, IL-2, IL-5, and IL-6) which are secreted by CD4+ T cells, play important roles for the induction and regulation of IgA isotype switching and terminal differentiation of sIgA+ B cells to become IgA producing cells. |
| 39 | 1356911 | Various membrane proteins of Francisella tularensis induce interferon-gamma production in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of primed humans. |
| 40 | 1356911 | To characterize further the phenotype of the responding cells, purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were stimulated with the antigens. |
| 41 | 1356911 | CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, proliferated and produced IFN-gamma. |
| 42 | 1356911 | However, when CD8+ T cells were isolated from bulk cultures of lymphocytes, which had been stimulated with antigen for 3 days, they responded to an extent similar to that of CD4+ T cells. |
| 43 | 1356911 | Purified CD8+ T cells also responded when they were supplemented with interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 44 | 1356911 | There was a direct quantitative correlation between the proliferative response of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their production of IFN-gamma. |
| 45 | 1356911 | IL-2 was produced in the cultures, the amounts being higher in the cultures of CD4+ than in those of CD8+ cells. |
| 46 | 1356911 | When proliferating, these clones did invariably produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma but no IL-4. |
| 47 | 1356911 | In conclusion, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of tularaemia-vaccinated individuals respond with proliferation to various protein antigens of F. tularensis, and the proliferative response is strictly associated with IFN-gamma production. |
| 48 | 1356911 | The CD8+ T-cell response seems to depend on cytokines supplied by proliferating CD4+ T cells. |
| 49 | 1356911 | Various membrane proteins of Francisella tularensis induce interferon-gamma production in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of primed humans. |
| 50 | 1356911 | To characterize further the phenotype of the responding cells, purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were stimulated with the antigens. |
| 51 | 1356911 | CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, proliferated and produced IFN-gamma. |
| 52 | 1356911 | However, when CD8+ T cells were isolated from bulk cultures of lymphocytes, which had been stimulated with antigen for 3 days, they responded to an extent similar to that of CD4+ T cells. |
| 53 | 1356911 | Purified CD8+ T cells also responded when they were supplemented with interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 54 | 1356911 | There was a direct quantitative correlation between the proliferative response of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their production of IFN-gamma. |
| 55 | 1356911 | IL-2 was produced in the cultures, the amounts being higher in the cultures of CD4+ than in those of CD8+ cells. |
| 56 | 1356911 | When proliferating, these clones did invariably produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma but no IL-4. |
| 57 | 1356911 | In conclusion, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of tularaemia-vaccinated individuals respond with proliferation to various protein antigens of F. tularensis, and the proliferative response is strictly associated with IFN-gamma production. |
| 58 | 1356911 | The CD8+ T-cell response seems to depend on cytokines supplied by proliferating CD4+ T cells. |
| 59 | 1356911 | Various membrane proteins of Francisella tularensis induce interferon-gamma production in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of primed humans. |
| 60 | 1356911 | To characterize further the phenotype of the responding cells, purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were stimulated with the antigens. |
| 61 | 1356911 | CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, proliferated and produced IFN-gamma. |
| 62 | 1356911 | However, when CD8+ T cells were isolated from bulk cultures of lymphocytes, which had been stimulated with antigen for 3 days, they responded to an extent similar to that of CD4+ T cells. |
| 63 | 1356911 | Purified CD8+ T cells also responded when they were supplemented with interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 64 | 1356911 | There was a direct quantitative correlation between the proliferative response of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their production of IFN-gamma. |
| 65 | 1356911 | IL-2 was produced in the cultures, the amounts being higher in the cultures of CD4+ than in those of CD8+ cells. |
| 66 | 1356911 | When proliferating, these clones did invariably produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma but no IL-4. |
| 67 | 1356911 | In conclusion, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of tularaemia-vaccinated individuals respond with proliferation to various protein antigens of F. tularensis, and the proliferative response is strictly associated with IFN-gamma production. |
| 68 | 1356911 | The CD8+ T-cell response seems to depend on cytokines supplied by proliferating CD4+ T cells. |
| 69 | 1358974 | Role of neutrophils and CD4+ T lymphocytes in the primary and memory response to nonimmunogenic murine mammary adenocarcinoma made immunogenic by IL-2 gene. |
| 70 | 1358974 | NK cells and CD4+ lymphocytes are uninfluential, whereas CD8+ lymphocytes play only a minor role. |
| 71 | 1358988 | Anti-CD4, anti-CD8, or anti-interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) antibodies or combinations of them were administered in the early stages of chronic infection of mice with a Candida albicans live vaccine strain, and the animals were monitored for course of primary infection, development of delayed-type hypersensitivity, resistance to reinfection, production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IFN-gamma in vitro by splenic lymphocytes, and levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma transcripts in these cells. |
| 72 | 1358988 | CD4+ cell and IFN-gamma depletion resulted in the development of fatal candidiasis by the attenuated yeast vaccine. |
| 73 | 1358988 | Our data thus indicate that both IFN-gamma and CD4+ cells participate in resistance to primary infection with attenuated yeast cells and are critical in the induction of persistent systemic anticandidal immunity. |
| 74 | 1373261 | In the present study, primary antibody responses were assessed in cattle immunized with either 2 or 50 micrograms of gIV, and treated with multiple doses of IL-2 or combinations of IL-2 and IFN-alpha or IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 75 | 1373261 | Addition of IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma to the IL-2/gIV/Avridine formulation did not affect any of the immune parameters tested. |
| 76 | 1373261 | As IFN-alpha is an effective immunoprophylactic agent for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), combination vaccine-immunoprophylaxis may become feasible using IL-2 as a co-adjuvant. |
| 77 | 1373261 | In the present study, primary antibody responses were assessed in cattle immunized with either 2 or 50 micrograms of gIV, and treated with multiple doses of IL-2 or combinations of IL-2 and IFN-alpha or IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 78 | 1373261 | Addition of IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma to the IL-2/gIV/Avridine formulation did not affect any of the immune parameters tested. |
| 79 | 1373261 | As IFN-alpha is an effective immunoprophylactic agent for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), combination vaccine-immunoprophylaxis may become feasible using IL-2 as a co-adjuvant. |
| 80 | 1373261 | In the present study, primary antibody responses were assessed in cattle immunized with either 2 or 50 micrograms of gIV, and treated with multiple doses of IL-2 or combinations of IL-2 and IFN-alpha or IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 81 | 1373261 | Addition of IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma to the IL-2/gIV/Avridine formulation did not affect any of the immune parameters tested. |
| 82 | 1373261 | As IFN-alpha is an effective immunoprophylactic agent for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), combination vaccine-immunoprophylaxis may become feasible using IL-2 as a co-adjuvant. |
| 83 | 1374103 | To determine the functional differences between TACR and TDTH, we assessed IL-2 and IFN-gamma production from TACR and TDTH after stimulation with PPD in vitro. |
| 84 | 1374103 | These results suggest that CD4+ protective T cells generated by immunization with vBCG are characterized by the ability to produce IFN-gamma after stimulation with specific Ag. |
| 85 | 1378932 | The immune recognition of a molecule naturally presented as a monomeric or an oligomeric structure is analyzed using the human chorionic gonadotropin alpha subunit (hCG-alpha) as a model. |
| 86 | 1378932 | Indeed, hCG-alpha circulates as either a free subunit or combined to the beta subunit (hCG-beta) to form the dimeric hCG hormone. |
| 87 | 1378932 | Mice were immunized with the free hCG-alpha or the dimeric hCG alpha/beta, and their lymph node cells were challenged in vitro with either alpha subunits from different species, hCG or peptides spanning the entire primary structure of hCG-alpha. |
| 88 | 1378932 | Proliferation and IL-2 assays demonstrated that hCG-alpha-primed lymph node cells responded equally well to hCG-alpha and hCG alpha/beta, suggesting that both the free and combined hCG-alpha subunits are processed in a similar way. |
| 89 | 1378932 | In contrast, T cells primed with peptides mimicking immunodominant sites recognized differently the hCG-alpha and the hCG alpha/beta antigens. |
| 90 | 1378932 | Antibodies elicited against the hCG-alpha(59-92) or (32-59) peptide were capable of recognizing the alpha subunit in its free form but not in the alpha/beta hCG dimer. |
| 91 | 1398777 | U937SF depressed both interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and IL-2 receptor (CD25) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with an antigen but not with a mitogen. |
| 92 | 1398777 | Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced responses including a proliferative response, IL-2 production and CD25 expression were suppressed by U937SF. |
| 93 | 1398777 | These results suggest that U937SF prevents both IL-2 production and CD25 expression in lymphocytes activated through the TCR/CD3, but not through the other receptors or molecules. |
| 94 | 1398777 | U937SF depressed both interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and IL-2 receptor (CD25) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with an antigen but not with a mitogen. |
| 95 | 1398777 | Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced responses including a proliferative response, IL-2 production and CD25 expression were suppressed by U937SF. |
| 96 | 1398777 | These results suggest that U937SF prevents both IL-2 production and CD25 expression in lymphocytes activated through the TCR/CD3, but not through the other receptors or molecules. |
| 97 | 1398777 | U937SF depressed both interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and IL-2 receptor (CD25) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with an antigen but not with a mitogen. |
| 98 | 1398777 | Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced responses including a proliferative response, IL-2 production and CD25 expression were suppressed by U937SF. |
| 99 | 1398777 | These results suggest that U937SF prevents both IL-2 production and CD25 expression in lymphocytes activated through the TCR/CD3, but not through the other receptors or molecules. |
| 100 | 1423266 | To examine the feasibility of cytokine gene transfer into human renal cancer (RC) cells, we introduced the cDNAs for human interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) into various RC cell lines with retroviral vectors. |
| 101 | 1423266 | Depending on the cell line and the vector construct used, lymphokine gene-modified human RC cell lines released 4 to 29 units/10(6) cells of IL-2, or up to 10 units/10(6) cells of IFN-gamma within 48 h. |
| 102 | 1423266 | Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of SK-RC-29 cells releasing IFN-gamma showed increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, and ICAM-1, as well as induction of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression [human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DR, -DP], but no changes in these cell surface markers were observed with SK-RC-29 cells releasing IL-2. |
| 103 | 1423266 | Tumor formation by the human RC cell line SK-RC-29 in BALB/c nude mice was not affected by IFN-gamma secretion, but was inhibited by in vivo release of IL-2 from s.c. injected tumor cells. |
| 104 | 1423266 | To examine the feasibility of cytokine gene transfer into human renal cancer (RC) cells, we introduced the cDNAs for human interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) into various RC cell lines with retroviral vectors. |
| 105 | 1423266 | Depending on the cell line and the vector construct used, lymphokine gene-modified human RC cell lines released 4 to 29 units/10(6) cells of IL-2, or up to 10 units/10(6) cells of IFN-gamma within 48 h. |
| 106 | 1423266 | Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of SK-RC-29 cells releasing IFN-gamma showed increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, and ICAM-1, as well as induction of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression [human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DR, -DP], but no changes in these cell surface markers were observed with SK-RC-29 cells releasing IL-2. |
| 107 | 1423266 | Tumor formation by the human RC cell line SK-RC-29 in BALB/c nude mice was not affected by IFN-gamma secretion, but was inhibited by in vivo release of IL-2 from s.c. injected tumor cells. |
| 108 | 1423266 | To examine the feasibility of cytokine gene transfer into human renal cancer (RC) cells, we introduced the cDNAs for human interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) into various RC cell lines with retroviral vectors. |
| 109 | 1423266 | Depending on the cell line and the vector construct used, lymphokine gene-modified human RC cell lines released 4 to 29 units/10(6) cells of IL-2, or up to 10 units/10(6) cells of IFN-gamma within 48 h. |
| 110 | 1423266 | Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of SK-RC-29 cells releasing IFN-gamma showed increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, and ICAM-1, as well as induction of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression [human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DR, -DP], but no changes in these cell surface markers were observed with SK-RC-29 cells releasing IL-2. |
| 111 | 1423266 | Tumor formation by the human RC cell line SK-RC-29 in BALB/c nude mice was not affected by IFN-gamma secretion, but was inhibited by in vivo release of IL-2 from s.c. injected tumor cells. |
| 112 | 1423266 | To examine the feasibility of cytokine gene transfer into human renal cancer (RC) cells, we introduced the cDNAs for human interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) into various RC cell lines with retroviral vectors. |
| 113 | 1423266 | Depending on the cell line and the vector construct used, lymphokine gene-modified human RC cell lines released 4 to 29 units/10(6) cells of IL-2, or up to 10 units/10(6) cells of IFN-gamma within 48 h. |
| 114 | 1423266 | Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of SK-RC-29 cells releasing IFN-gamma showed increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, and ICAM-1, as well as induction of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression [human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DR, -DP], but no changes in these cell surface markers were observed with SK-RC-29 cells releasing IL-2. |
| 115 | 1423266 | Tumor formation by the human RC cell line SK-RC-29 in BALB/c nude mice was not affected by IFN-gamma secretion, but was inhibited by in vivo release of IL-2 from s.c. injected tumor cells. |
| 116 | 1431143 | Because IL-2 and IL-4 can augment B cell proliferation and Ig production, we investigated possible adjuvant effects of these cytokines on bacterial polysaccharide-specific pulmonary sIgA generation. |
| 117 | 1431143 | Inclusion of IL-2, but not IL-4, into the intranasally administered liposomes further increased titers of bacterial polysaccharide specific sIgA and pulmonary plasma cells. |
| 118 | 1431143 | Because IL-2 and IL-4 can augment B cell proliferation and Ig production, we investigated possible adjuvant effects of these cytokines on bacterial polysaccharide-specific pulmonary sIgA generation. |
| 119 | 1431143 | Inclusion of IL-2, but not IL-4, into the intranasally administered liposomes further increased titers of bacterial polysaccharide specific sIgA and pulmonary plasma cells. |
| 120 | 1519036 | Involvement of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma in the immune response induced by influenza virus iscoms. |
| 121 | 1519036 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were assayed in the supernatants of such cultures. |
| 122 | 1519036 | Influenza virus iscoms induced IL-2 and IFN-gamma responses in restimulation experiments that were antigen specific and significantly higher than those induced by micelles or infectious virus. |
| 123 | 1519036 | Involvement of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma in the immune response induced by influenza virus iscoms. |
| 124 | 1519036 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were assayed in the supernatants of such cultures. |
| 125 | 1519036 | Influenza virus iscoms induced IL-2 and IFN-gamma responses in restimulation experiments that were antigen specific and significantly higher than those induced by micelles or infectious virus. |
| 126 | 1519036 | Involvement of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma in the immune response induced by influenza virus iscoms. |
| 127 | 1519036 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were assayed in the supernatants of such cultures. |
| 128 | 1519036 | Influenza virus iscoms induced IL-2 and IFN-gamma responses in restimulation experiments that were antigen specific and significantly higher than those induced by micelles or infectious virus. |
| 129 | 1532378 | On secondary exposure to schistosome antigen in vitro, these cells were capable of proliferating and secreting high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-3 (IL-3). |
| 130 | 1532378 | These cells secreted high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-3 in vitro, but not IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 131 | 1532378 | Moreover these cells failed to secrete IFN-gamma and IL-3. |
| 132 | 1533656 | Schistosoma mansoni infection in the mouse has been shown to be accompanied by a down-regulation in parasite-Ag- and mitogen-induced Th1 cytokine secretion (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) with a simultaneous increase in the production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), suggesting a generalized imbalance in lymphocyte function. |
| 133 | 1533656 | When spleen cells (SC) from schistosome-infected SwMb-immunized animals were stimulated with SwMb, their production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma per CD4+ cell was found to be significantly reduced (by 45% and 59%, respectively) compared with the responses observed in immunized uninfected animals. |
| 134 | 1533656 | Moreover, SwMb-induced secretion of IL-4 per CD4+ cell was increased threefold in SC cultures from infected mice. |
| 135 | 1533656 | No myoglobin-induced IL-5 was detected in the same cultures. |
| 136 | 1533656 | Addition to SC cultures of a neutralizing mAb specific for IL-10 partly restored the suppressed IFN-gamma response to SwMb seen in infected mice, suggesting a role for IL-10 in the observed down-regulation. |
| 137 | 1533656 | Schistosoma mansoni infection in the mouse has been shown to be accompanied by a down-regulation in parasite-Ag- and mitogen-induced Th1 cytokine secretion (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) with a simultaneous increase in the production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), suggesting a generalized imbalance in lymphocyte function. |
| 138 | 1533656 | When spleen cells (SC) from schistosome-infected SwMb-immunized animals were stimulated with SwMb, their production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma per CD4+ cell was found to be significantly reduced (by 45% and 59%, respectively) compared with the responses observed in immunized uninfected animals. |
| 139 | 1533656 | Moreover, SwMb-induced secretion of IL-4 per CD4+ cell was increased threefold in SC cultures from infected mice. |
| 140 | 1533656 | No myoglobin-induced IL-5 was detected in the same cultures. |
| 141 | 1533656 | Addition to SC cultures of a neutralizing mAb specific for IL-10 partly restored the suppressed IFN-gamma response to SwMb seen in infected mice, suggesting a role for IL-10 in the observed down-regulation. |
| 142 | 1540977 | Induction of urinary interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor during intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer. |
| 143 | 1540977 | To study the local immunological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial bladder cancer patients, the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was investigated in the urine. |
| 144 | 1540977 | Like IL-2, TNF alpha was only detected after repeated BCG instillations. |
| 145 | 1540977 | With respect to the occurrence of the cytokines during the first 24 h after the BCG instillation, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 were detectable 2 h after the instillation. |
| 146 | 1540977 | Generally IL-2 was not detectable in the 8-h samples, whereas IL-1 and IL-6 were present up to 8 h after instillation of BCG. |
| 147 | 1540977 | The presence of TNF was found less frequently than the presence of IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6. |
| 148 | 1540977 | The presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha might suggest activation of macrophages by intravesically administered BCG, although production by other cell types cannot be excluded. |
| 149 | 1540977 | Induction of urinary interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor during intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer. |
| 150 | 1540977 | To study the local immunological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial bladder cancer patients, the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was investigated in the urine. |
| 151 | 1540977 | Like IL-2, TNF alpha was only detected after repeated BCG instillations. |
| 152 | 1540977 | With respect to the occurrence of the cytokines during the first 24 h after the BCG instillation, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 were detectable 2 h after the instillation. |
| 153 | 1540977 | Generally IL-2 was not detectable in the 8-h samples, whereas IL-1 and IL-6 were present up to 8 h after instillation of BCG. |
| 154 | 1540977 | The presence of TNF was found less frequently than the presence of IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6. |
| 155 | 1540977 | The presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha might suggest activation of macrophages by intravesically administered BCG, although production by other cell types cannot be excluded. |
| 156 | 1540977 | Induction of urinary interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor during intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer. |
| 157 | 1540977 | To study the local immunological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial bladder cancer patients, the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was investigated in the urine. |
| 158 | 1540977 | Like IL-2, TNF alpha was only detected after repeated BCG instillations. |
| 159 | 1540977 | With respect to the occurrence of the cytokines during the first 24 h after the BCG instillation, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 were detectable 2 h after the instillation. |
| 160 | 1540977 | Generally IL-2 was not detectable in the 8-h samples, whereas IL-1 and IL-6 were present up to 8 h after instillation of BCG. |
| 161 | 1540977 | The presence of TNF was found less frequently than the presence of IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6. |
| 162 | 1540977 | The presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha might suggest activation of macrophages by intravesically administered BCG, although production by other cell types cannot be excluded. |
| 163 | 1540977 | Induction of urinary interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor during intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer. |
| 164 | 1540977 | To study the local immunological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial bladder cancer patients, the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was investigated in the urine. |
| 165 | 1540977 | Like IL-2, TNF alpha was only detected after repeated BCG instillations. |
| 166 | 1540977 | With respect to the occurrence of the cytokines during the first 24 h after the BCG instillation, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 were detectable 2 h after the instillation. |
| 167 | 1540977 | Generally IL-2 was not detectable in the 8-h samples, whereas IL-1 and IL-6 were present up to 8 h after instillation of BCG. |
| 168 | 1540977 | The presence of TNF was found less frequently than the presence of IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6. |
| 169 | 1540977 | The presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha might suggest activation of macrophages by intravesically administered BCG, although production by other cell types cannot be excluded. |
| 170 | 1540977 | Induction of urinary interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor during intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer. |
| 171 | 1540977 | To study the local immunological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial bladder cancer patients, the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was investigated in the urine. |
| 172 | 1540977 | Like IL-2, TNF alpha was only detected after repeated BCG instillations. |
| 173 | 1540977 | With respect to the occurrence of the cytokines during the first 24 h after the BCG instillation, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 were detectable 2 h after the instillation. |
| 174 | 1540977 | Generally IL-2 was not detectable in the 8-h samples, whereas IL-1 and IL-6 were present up to 8 h after instillation of BCG. |
| 175 | 1540977 | The presence of TNF was found less frequently than the presence of IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6. |
| 176 | 1540977 | The presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha might suggest activation of macrophages by intravesically administered BCG, although production by other cell types cannot be excluded. |
| 177 | 1540977 | Induction of urinary interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor during intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer. |
| 178 | 1540977 | To study the local immunological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial bladder cancer patients, the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was investigated in the urine. |
| 179 | 1540977 | Like IL-2, TNF alpha was only detected after repeated BCG instillations. |
| 180 | 1540977 | With respect to the occurrence of the cytokines during the first 24 h after the BCG instillation, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 were detectable 2 h after the instillation. |
| 181 | 1540977 | Generally IL-2 was not detectable in the 8-h samples, whereas IL-1 and IL-6 were present up to 8 h after instillation of BCG. |
| 182 | 1540977 | The presence of TNF was found less frequently than the presence of IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6. |
| 183 | 1540977 | The presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha might suggest activation of macrophages by intravesically administered BCG, although production by other cell types cannot be excluded. |
| 184 | 1560752 | Antigen-specific T lymphocytes were stimulated by CJ11 cells to proliferate and release interleukins (IL-2 and IL-3). |
| 185 | 1560752 | Thus, production of ML65hsp within the host cytoplasm resulted in association of the antigen with both MHC class I and MHC class II antigen-presenting structures and evoked both lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity towards the antigen-presenting cell. |
| 186 | 1561827 | Animals treated with four weekly doses of liposome-formulated IL-2 (2.7 x 10(5) U kg-1 dose) overlapping two biweekly doses of an HSV-recombinant glycoprotein D (rgD) treatment demonstrated approximately 70% reduction in HSV-2 recurrent disease compared with placebo (p less than 0.005). |
| 187 | 1593713 | Increases in CD3+ T cell infiltration of the lamina propria and that of the CD4+ "Helper" subset which predominated were significant up to 3 months post-therapy and these cells showed evidence of increased immunological activation as shown by increased interleukin-2 receptor and MHC Class II antigen expression. |
| 188 | 1593713 | There were also significant increases in CD68+ macrophage and the incidence of CD22+ B cell aggregates but CD57+ NK cells were sparse both before and after therapy. |
| 189 | 1593713 | Also the degree of T cell infiltration (CD3, CD4 and CD8) was significantly greater in the eight patients deemed to have had a complete response compared to those seven with a partial response or treatment failure. |
| 190 | 1615287 | We have demonstrated that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) produced by natural killer (NK) cells and other immunocytes in response to the virus-encoded interleukin-2 (IL-2) is crucial to recovery. |
| 191 | 1652468 | In order to enhance the immunogenicity of recombinant viral protein, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD), we genetically created a fusion protein consisting of gD and human IL-2. |
| 192 | 1670604 | Synergistic role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma production and protective immunity induced by an attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine. |
| 193 | 1670604 | When stimulated with crude tachyzoite Ag in vitro, CD4+ cells from vaccinated mice produced high levels of TH1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not TH2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5). |
| 194 | 1670604 | CD8+ cells, in contrast, produced less IFN-gamma and no detectable IL-2. |
| 195 | 1670604 | Nevertheless, they could be induced to synthesize IFN-gamma when exposed in culture to exogenous IL-2. |
| 196 | 1670604 | These results suggest that although IFN-gamma and IL-2-producing CD4+ lymphocytes are induced by vaccination, IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells are the major effectors of immunity in vivo. |
| 197 | 1670604 | Nevertheless, CD4+ lymphocytes appear to play a synergistic role in vaccine-induced immunity, probably through the augmentation of IFN-gamma synthesis by the CD8+ effector cells. |
| 198 | 1670604 | Synergistic role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma production and protective immunity induced by an attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine. |
| 199 | 1670604 | When stimulated with crude tachyzoite Ag in vitro, CD4+ cells from vaccinated mice produced high levels of TH1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not TH2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5). |
| 200 | 1670604 | CD8+ cells, in contrast, produced less IFN-gamma and no detectable IL-2. |
| 201 | 1670604 | Nevertheless, they could be induced to synthesize IFN-gamma when exposed in culture to exogenous IL-2. |
| 202 | 1670604 | These results suggest that although IFN-gamma and IL-2-producing CD4+ lymphocytes are induced by vaccination, IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells are the major effectors of immunity in vivo. |
| 203 | 1670604 | Nevertheless, CD4+ lymphocytes appear to play a synergistic role in vaccine-induced immunity, probably through the augmentation of IFN-gamma synthesis by the CD8+ effector cells. |
| 204 | 1670604 | Synergistic role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma production and protective immunity induced by an attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine. |
| 205 | 1670604 | When stimulated with crude tachyzoite Ag in vitro, CD4+ cells from vaccinated mice produced high levels of TH1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not TH2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5). |
| 206 | 1670604 | CD8+ cells, in contrast, produced less IFN-gamma and no detectable IL-2. |
| 207 | 1670604 | Nevertheless, they could be induced to synthesize IFN-gamma when exposed in culture to exogenous IL-2. |
| 208 | 1670604 | These results suggest that although IFN-gamma and IL-2-producing CD4+ lymphocytes are induced by vaccination, IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells are the major effectors of immunity in vivo. |
| 209 | 1670604 | Nevertheless, CD4+ lymphocytes appear to play a synergistic role in vaccine-induced immunity, probably through the augmentation of IFN-gamma synthesis by the CD8+ effector cells. |
| 210 | 1670604 | Synergistic role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma production and protective immunity induced by an attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine. |
| 211 | 1670604 | When stimulated with crude tachyzoite Ag in vitro, CD4+ cells from vaccinated mice produced high levels of TH1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not TH2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5). |
| 212 | 1670604 | CD8+ cells, in contrast, produced less IFN-gamma and no detectable IL-2. |
| 213 | 1670604 | Nevertheless, they could be induced to synthesize IFN-gamma when exposed in culture to exogenous IL-2. |
| 214 | 1670604 | These results suggest that although IFN-gamma and IL-2-producing CD4+ lymphocytes are induced by vaccination, IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells are the major effectors of immunity in vivo. |
| 215 | 1670604 | Nevertheless, CD4+ lymphocytes appear to play a synergistic role in vaccine-induced immunity, probably through the augmentation of IFN-gamma synthesis by the CD8+ effector cells. |
| 216 | 1679934 | Human T-cell clones against Toxoplasma gondii: production of interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, and strain cross-reactivity. |
| 217 | 1679934 | Proliferation assays using F3 showed that 15 (14 CD4+ and 1 CD8+) of the 18 isolated clones were specific for T. gondii. |
| 218 | 1679934 | In response to antigen stimulation, 5 of the 15 clones produced detectable levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2, 0.2-15 u/ml) and 9 clones produced significant levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, 17.5-1400 IU/ml). |
| 219 | 1679934 | Human T-cell clones against Toxoplasma gondii: production of interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, and strain cross-reactivity. |
| 220 | 1679934 | Proliferation assays using F3 showed that 15 (14 CD4+ and 1 CD8+) of the 18 isolated clones were specific for T. gondii. |
| 221 | 1679934 | In response to antigen stimulation, 5 of the 15 clones produced detectable levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2, 0.2-15 u/ml) and 9 clones produced significant levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, 17.5-1400 IU/ml). |
| 222 | 1689366 | We have observed that a peptide corresponding to an immunodominant epitope of the HIV-1 envelope protein recognized by class I MHC-restricted CD8+ CTL can also induce T cell help for itself. |
| 223 | 1689366 | The help is necessary for restimulation of CTL precursors in vitro with peptide alone in the absence of exogenous lymphokines, can be removed by depletion of CD4+ T cells, and can be replaced by exogenous IL-2. |
| 224 | 1689366 | Spleen cells of immune B10.A mice behave like CD4-depleted BALB/c spleen cells in that they cannot be restimulated in vitro by the peptide alone, but can with peptide plus IL-2. |
| 225 | 1689366 | We have observed that a peptide corresponding to an immunodominant epitope of the HIV-1 envelope protein recognized by class I MHC-restricted CD8+ CTL can also induce T cell help for itself. |
| 226 | 1689366 | The help is necessary for restimulation of CTL precursors in vitro with peptide alone in the absence of exogenous lymphokines, can be removed by depletion of CD4+ T cells, and can be replaced by exogenous IL-2. |
| 227 | 1689366 | Spleen cells of immune B10.A mice behave like CD4-depleted BALB/c spleen cells in that they cannot be restimulated in vitro by the peptide alone, but can with peptide plus IL-2. |
| 228 | 1690777 | All but one of the clones were CD4+, CD5+, Th cells. |
| 229 | 1690777 | One clone, 35, produced Il-2 and IFN-gamma and was designated a TH1 clone. |
| 230 | 1690777 | IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha were essential to the killing mechanism whereas Il-1, Il-2, and Il-4 were not required. |
| 231 | 1690777 | All but one of the clones were CD4+, CD5+, Th cells. |
| 232 | 1690777 | One clone, 35, produced Il-2 and IFN-gamma and was designated a TH1 clone. |
| 233 | 1690777 | IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha were essential to the killing mechanism whereas Il-1, Il-2, and Il-4 were not required. |
| 234 | 1695152 | Finally, supernatants from 7 out of 13 clones (from BALB/c mice) produced detectable amounts of interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma; whereas supernatants from the 4 clones from C57BL/6 and 2 from BALB/c mice contained detectable amounts of interleukin 5. |
| 235 | 1701805 | The empirical evidence that IFN alpha exerts clinically significant anti-tumor effects against melanoma is reviewed, and evolving status of adjuvant trials of IFN alpha and gamma is noted. |
| 236 | 1701805 | Regional therapy by the intralesional route has yielded enhanced activity for a range of biologics, including bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). |
| 237 | 1702816 | Cells responding to FMDV32 were MHC class II-restricted, CD4+ and secreted IL-2. |
| 238 | 1712030 | Liposomes also serve as carriers of a variety of adjuvants and mediators, including lipid A, muramyl dipeptide and its derivatives, interleukin-1, and interleukin-2. |
| 239 | 1715602 | Anti-2H4 inhibited the transferrin receptor expression without interfering with the expression of the IL-2 receptor on SAC-stimulated B cells in a short-term culture. |
| 240 | 1717561 | CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal involved in antigen-specific IL-2 production by human T cells. |
| 241 | 1717561 | CD4+ T cells require two signals to produce maximal amounts of IL-2, i.e., TCR occupancy and an unidentified APC-derived costimulus. |
| 242 | 1717561 | An agonistic anti-CD28 mAb, but not IL-1 and/or IL-6, stimulated T cell proliferation by tetanus toxoid-specific T cells cultured with Ag-pulsed, costimulation-deficient APC. |
| 243 | 1717561 | Furthermore, the ability of B cell tumor lines to provide costimulatory signals to purified T cells correlated well with expression of the CD28 ligand B7/BB-1. |
| 244 | 1717561 | Together, these results suggest that the two signals required for IL-2 production by CD4+ T cells can be transduced by the TCR and CD28. |
| 245 | 1717561 | CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal involved in antigen-specific IL-2 production by human T cells. |
| 246 | 1717561 | CD4+ T cells require two signals to produce maximal amounts of IL-2, i.e., TCR occupancy and an unidentified APC-derived costimulus. |
| 247 | 1717561 | An agonistic anti-CD28 mAb, but not IL-1 and/or IL-6, stimulated T cell proliferation by tetanus toxoid-specific T cells cultured with Ag-pulsed, costimulation-deficient APC. |
| 248 | 1717561 | Furthermore, the ability of B cell tumor lines to provide costimulatory signals to purified T cells correlated well with expression of the CD28 ligand B7/BB-1. |
| 249 | 1717561 | Together, these results suggest that the two signals required for IL-2 production by CD4+ T cells can be transduced by the TCR and CD28. |
| 250 | 1717561 | CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal involved in antigen-specific IL-2 production by human T cells. |
| 251 | 1717561 | CD4+ T cells require two signals to produce maximal amounts of IL-2, i.e., TCR occupancy and an unidentified APC-derived costimulus. |
| 252 | 1717561 | An agonistic anti-CD28 mAb, but not IL-1 and/or IL-6, stimulated T cell proliferation by tetanus toxoid-specific T cells cultured with Ag-pulsed, costimulation-deficient APC. |
| 253 | 1717561 | Furthermore, the ability of B cell tumor lines to provide costimulatory signals to purified T cells correlated well with expression of the CD28 ligand B7/BB-1. |
| 254 | 1717561 | Together, these results suggest that the two signals required for IL-2 production by CD4+ T cells can be transduced by the TCR and CD28. |
| 255 | 1728399 | We have administered the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha), and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) to mice and measured the alterations in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities. |
| 256 | 1728399 | The administration of IL-2 alone or in combination with IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma causes dose-dependent increases in hexobarbital-induced sleep times. |
| 257 | 1728399 | Sublethally irradiated mice and athymic nude mice receiving injections of IL-2 or IL-2 plus IFN-alpha do not show the inhibition of drug metabolism seen in normal mice. |
| 258 | 1728399 | We have administered the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha), and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) to mice and measured the alterations in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities. |
| 259 | 1728399 | The administration of IL-2 alone or in combination with IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma causes dose-dependent increases in hexobarbital-induced sleep times. |
| 260 | 1728399 | Sublethally irradiated mice and athymic nude mice receiving injections of IL-2 or IL-2 plus IFN-alpha do not show the inhibition of drug metabolism seen in normal mice. |
| 261 | 1728399 | We have administered the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha), and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) to mice and measured the alterations in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities. |
| 262 | 1728399 | The administration of IL-2 alone or in combination with IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma causes dose-dependent increases in hexobarbital-induced sleep times. |
| 263 | 1728399 | Sublethally irradiated mice and athymic nude mice receiving injections of IL-2 or IL-2 plus IFN-alpha do not show the inhibition of drug metabolism seen in normal mice. |
| 264 | 1729188 | These T cells produced interleukin 2 and gamma interferon but no detectable interleukin 4 and interleukin 5. |
| 265 | 1729379 | Three predominantly CD8+ CTL lines, TIL 501, TIL 620, and TIL 660, were generated from three HLA-A2+ melanoma patients by culturing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in 1000 U/ml IL-2. |
| 266 | 1807258 | Studies of human leprosy lesions in situ using suction-induced blisters: cell changes with IgM antibody to PGL-1 and interleukin-2 receptor in clinical subgroups of erythema nodosum leprosum. |
| 267 | 1807258 | During ENL reactions: a) the lesions in chronic ENL showed a decreased number of CD8+ (T-suppressor) cells and increased helper/suppressor ratio as compared to those in acute ENL and non-reactional leprosy; b) Tac peptide and IgM antibody to PGL-1 levels were elevated in the chronic ENL lesions; c) and systemic administration of corticosteroids appeared to cause a reduction in the intralesional CD4+ cell population and IgM antibody to PGL-1 but did not change CD8+ cell population and the levels of Tac peptide in the lesions. |
| 268 | 1807258 | We conclude that spontaneous lymphocyte activation in situ, primarily of decreased CD8+ and relatively increased CD4+ cells, are important features of chronic, recurrent ENL reactions and may be an intermittent or cyclic phenomenon during the reaction. |
| 269 | 1810454 | The cytokines IL1, IL2, IL6 and TNF alpha were also increased after BCG instillations. |
| 270 | 1835213 | Specific aspects of induced CMI responses investigated were macrophage activation (IL-1 production), helper T cell activation (IL-2 production), and release of soluble suppressor factor(s). |
| 271 | 1835213 | Increased induction of IL-1 was largest in the group receiving BASA + DDA whereas IL-2 release was greatest in S19 vaccinated steers. |
| 272 | 1835213 | Specific aspects of induced CMI responses investigated were macrophage activation (IL-1 production), helper T cell activation (IL-2 production), and release of soluble suppressor factor(s). |
| 273 | 1835213 | Increased induction of IL-1 was largest in the group receiving BASA + DDA whereas IL-2 release was greatest in S19 vaccinated steers. |
| 274 | 1851808 | Immunization of BALB/c mice with a single dose of the Sabin type 1, type 2 or type 3 poliovirus vaccine strains stimulated cross-reactive T helper cell responses detected by both in vitro proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2/IL-4 production. |
| 275 | 1878894 | The percentage of lymphocytes with interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors (CD25+) was significantly increased at 24 h and 48 h, compared to pre-instillation values (19 +/- 11% and 10 +/- 4% vs 3 +/- 3% respectively). |
| 276 | 1878894 | Natural killer cells (CD16+ and/or CD56+) and B cells (CD19+) were less numerous (10% and 19% at t0 respectively). |
| 277 | 1888490 | The potency of different rabies vaccines was measured via cell mediated immunity (CMI) assessed by the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by CD4+CD8- lymphocytes. |
| 278 | 1901422 | Nevertheless, antibodies to IL-2 as well as interleukin 4 (IL-4), significantly inhibited proliferation of synovial fluid lymphocytes by AP-MT. |
| 279 | 1901422 | We conclude that AP-MT induced proliferation by synovial fluid lymphocytes is mediated by both IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 280 | 1901422 | Nevertheless, antibodies to IL-2 as well as interleukin 4 (IL-4), significantly inhibited proliferation of synovial fluid lymphocytes by AP-MT. |
| 281 | 1901422 | We conclude that AP-MT induced proliferation by synovial fluid lymphocytes is mediated by both IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 282 | 1901883 | In Leishmania major infections, cure vs progressive disease correlates with the expansion of Th1-like or Th2-like CD4+ populations, respectively. |
| 283 | 1901883 | Splenic lymphocytes from infected Lsh congenic C57BL/10 (Lshs;H-2b) and B10.L-Lshr (Lshr;H-2b) mice and MHC congenic non-curing B10.D2/n (Lshs;H-2d) mice were examined for the production of cytokines representative of these CD4+ populations (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma). |
| 284 | 1901883 | In the non-curing B10.D2/n strain, late phase of infection was associated with the decreased ability to produce cytokines in response to Ag and not with the production of IL-4 or IL-5 in response to Ag or mitogen. |
| 285 | 1901883 | Together, these data suggest that over-expansion of Th2-type cells and production of their specific cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) is not a contributing factor to the variable long term course of L. donovani infection in these strains of mice. |
| 286 | 1909711 | Francisella tularensis-induced in vitro gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 2 responses appear within 2 weeks of tularemia vaccination in human beings. |
| 287 | 1909711 | Positive in vitro T-cell responses in the form of lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion are found in memory immunity. |
| 288 | 1909711 | Positive reactions, i.e., responses exceeding those on day 0, were reached on day 10 with regard to the whole blood culture DNA synthesis response and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion and on day 14 with regard to the mononuclear cell DNA synthesis response and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion. |
| 289 | 1909711 | If it is shown later that specific T cells produce it, the TNF-alpha response and the negative IL-4 finding may speak for the importance of the Th1-like pattern in immunity to F. tularensis. |
| 290 | 1909711 | Francisella tularensis-induced in vitro gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 2 responses appear within 2 weeks of tularemia vaccination in human beings. |
| 291 | 1909711 | Positive in vitro T-cell responses in the form of lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion are found in memory immunity. |
| 292 | 1909711 | Positive reactions, i.e., responses exceeding those on day 0, were reached on day 10 with regard to the whole blood culture DNA synthesis response and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion and on day 14 with regard to the mononuclear cell DNA synthesis response and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion. |
| 293 | 1909711 | If it is shown later that specific T cells produce it, the TNF-alpha response and the negative IL-4 finding may speak for the importance of the Th1-like pattern in immunity to F. tularensis. |
| 294 | 1909711 | Francisella tularensis-induced in vitro gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 2 responses appear within 2 weeks of tularemia vaccination in human beings. |
| 295 | 1909711 | Positive in vitro T-cell responses in the form of lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion are found in memory immunity. |
| 296 | 1909711 | Positive reactions, i.e., responses exceeding those on day 0, were reached on day 10 with regard to the whole blood culture DNA synthesis response and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion and on day 14 with regard to the mononuclear cell DNA synthesis response and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion. |
| 297 | 1909711 | If it is shown later that specific T cells produce it, the TNF-alpha response and the negative IL-4 finding may speak for the importance of the Th1-like pattern in immunity to F. tularensis. |
| 298 | 1910007 | The production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-3 but not IL-4 was observed in both T cells mediating only DTH and those mediating DTH and ACR. |
| 299 | 1967213 | For this study, exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2)-independent, antigen-specific, CD4 positive, human T-cell clones were developed by cyclic restimulation with soluble tetanus toxoid antigen. |
| 300 | 1967213 | Purified gp120 suppressed the proliferative responses of the T-cell clones with concomitant suppression of IL-2 secretion; proliferative responses of CD8+ T cells preincubated with gp120 were not inhibited. |
| 301 | 1967213 | For this study, exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2)-independent, antigen-specific, CD4 positive, human T-cell clones were developed by cyclic restimulation with soluble tetanus toxoid antigen. |
| 302 | 1967213 | Purified gp120 suppressed the proliferative responses of the T-cell clones with concomitant suppression of IL-2 secretion; proliferative responses of CD8+ T cells preincubated with gp120 were not inhibited. |
| 303 | 1967279 | Host-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones isolated from a human chimera produce IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor but not IL-4. |
| 304 | 1967279 | In the present study, we investigated the lymphokine production patterns in a series of CD4+ and CD8+ host-reactive T cell clones isolated from PBL of a SCID patient, who was immunologically reconstituted by two allogeneic fetal liver and thymus transplantations 13 years ago. |
| 305 | 1967279 | In contrast, CD4+ tetanus toxin-specific T cell clones isolated from the same patient and having the same HLA phenotype produced normal amounts of IL-4 upon activation. |
| 306 | 1967279 | Furthermore, different modes of activation resulted in simultaneous production of IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma, granulocyte/macrophage-CSF, and transcription of the TNF-beta gene by the host-reactive clones, indicating that the lack of IL-4 production is not related to the mode of activation. |
| 307 | 1967279 | The finding that some of these clones produce significant levels of IL-5 but no IL-4 indicates that the IL-4 and IL-5 genes are not always coexpressed in activated human T cells. |
| 308 | 1967279 | Host-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones isolated from a human chimera produce IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor but not IL-4. |
| 309 | 1967279 | In the present study, we investigated the lymphokine production patterns in a series of CD4+ and CD8+ host-reactive T cell clones isolated from PBL of a SCID patient, who was immunologically reconstituted by two allogeneic fetal liver and thymus transplantations 13 years ago. |
| 310 | 1967279 | In contrast, CD4+ tetanus toxin-specific T cell clones isolated from the same patient and having the same HLA phenotype produced normal amounts of IL-4 upon activation. |
| 311 | 1967279 | Furthermore, different modes of activation resulted in simultaneous production of IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma, granulocyte/macrophage-CSF, and transcription of the TNF-beta gene by the host-reactive clones, indicating that the lack of IL-4 production is not related to the mode of activation. |
| 312 | 1967279 | The finding that some of these clones produce significant levels of IL-5 but no IL-4 indicates that the IL-4 and IL-5 genes are not always coexpressed in activated human T cells. |
| 313 | 1972164 | Secretion of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma was determined after specific stimulation of these TLC, using autologous monocytes as APC. |
| 314 | 1972164 | With respect to the production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma, clearly distinct profiles were observed. |
| 315 | 1972164 | All Dp-specific TLC from both atopic donors produced IL-4 but not IFN-gamma, whereas the Dp-specific TLC from NAD, as well as the tetanus toxoid- and C. albicans-specific TLC from AD1, all produced IFN-gamma but not or small quantities of IL-4. |
| 316 | 1972164 | The functional consequence of these restricted lymphokine profiles was stressed by the observation that, whereas Dp-specific TLC from AD1 and AD2 supported in vitro IgE production, this support could be abrogated by a Dp-specific TLC from NAD. |
| 317 | 1972164 | The present results suggest that CD4+ T lymphocytes that produce IL-4, but not IFN-gamma, occur in high frequencies in the allergen-specific T cell repertoires of atopic donors, which may have important implications for the pathomechanism of atopic disease. |
| 318 | 1987026 | Results are discussed in terms of the role of PGE2 as it impinges on immune functions involving macrophage activation (IL-1 production) and T lymphocyte activation (IL-2 production). |
| 319 | 1988163 | Recombinant diphtheria toxin-related interleukin-2 fusion protein (DAB486IL-2) is specifically cytotoxic for cells bearing the high-affinity IL-2 receptor (p55/75). |
| 320 | 1988163 | The induction of the p55 (Tac) subunit of the IL-2R was demonstrable by two-color flow cytometry on a small percentage (5%) of B cells and on a higher percentage (10%) of non-B cells 3 days after exposure to TT-coupled Sepharose. |
| 321 | 1997399 | T cells induced by p146-171 and p467-171 or a mixture of these two peptides were mainly CD4+ and produced interleukin (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) but not IL-4 upon antigen stimulation in vitro. |
| 322 | 2017199 | --is stimulated by PRFs such as interferon-gamma, IL-1, TNF, GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 323 | 2017199 | The activation and expansion of T-lymphocytes requires IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and probably IL-7. |
| 324 | 2017199 | Likewise, the activation and expansion of B-lymphocytes is regulated by PRFs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and interferon-gamma. |
| 325 | 2017199 | Antibody class is critically influenced by particular PRFs, e.g. interferon-gamma regulates IgG2a; IL-4, IgE and IgG1; IL-5 and TGF-beta, IgA. |
| 326 | 2017199 | The recruitment and enhanced production and function of granulocytic and phagocytic cells involves a number of T-lymphocyte PRFs including GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 327 | 2017199 | IL-3 induces a mastocytosis and IL-5 an eosinophilia. |
| 328 | 2017199 | --is stimulated by PRFs such as interferon-gamma, IL-1, TNF, GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 329 | 2017199 | The activation and expansion of T-lymphocytes requires IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and probably IL-7. |
| 330 | 2017199 | Likewise, the activation and expansion of B-lymphocytes is regulated by PRFs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and interferon-gamma. |
| 331 | 2017199 | Antibody class is critically influenced by particular PRFs, e.g. interferon-gamma regulates IgG2a; IL-4, IgE and IgG1; IL-5 and TGF-beta, IgA. |
| 332 | 2017199 | The recruitment and enhanced production and function of granulocytic and phagocytic cells involves a number of T-lymphocyte PRFs including GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 333 | 2017199 | IL-3 induces a mastocytosis and IL-5 an eosinophilia. |
| 334 | 2104221 | Detection of urinary TNF, IL 1, and IL 2 after local BCG immunotherapy for bladder carcinoma. |
| 335 | 2104221 | In an attempt to monitor the immunological effects of this therapy, we analyzed the urine of patients following the sixth intravessical instillation, to show the presence of the monokines TNF and IL 1 and the lymphokine IL 2. |
| 336 | 2104221 | Within 24 hours following the instillation, all (n = 10) patients exhibited a strong increase in urinary cytokine secretion, which was significantly different from the control group (n = 10), with respect to TNF L929 biological assay (P less than 0.01), TNF sandwich-ELISA (P less than 0.01), IL 2 CTL 6 biological assay (P less than 0.05), IL 2 sandwich-ELISA (P less than 0.005), and IL 1 sandwich-ELISA (P less than 0.05), but not to the IL 1 fibroblast biological assay. |
| 337 | 2104221 | Detection of urinary TNF, IL 1, and IL 2 after local BCG immunotherapy for bladder carcinoma. |
| 338 | 2104221 | In an attempt to monitor the immunological effects of this therapy, we analyzed the urine of patients following the sixth intravessical instillation, to show the presence of the monokines TNF and IL 1 and the lymphokine IL 2. |
| 339 | 2104221 | Within 24 hours following the instillation, all (n = 10) patients exhibited a strong increase in urinary cytokine secretion, which was significantly different from the control group (n = 10), with respect to TNF L929 biological assay (P less than 0.01), TNF sandwich-ELISA (P less than 0.01), IL 2 CTL 6 biological assay (P less than 0.05), IL 2 sandwich-ELISA (P less than 0.005), and IL 1 sandwich-ELISA (P less than 0.05), but not to the IL 1 fibroblast biological assay. |
| 340 | 2104221 | Detection of urinary TNF, IL 1, and IL 2 after local BCG immunotherapy for bladder carcinoma. |
| 341 | 2104221 | In an attempt to monitor the immunological effects of this therapy, we analyzed the urine of patients following the sixth intravessical instillation, to show the presence of the monokines TNF and IL 1 and the lymphokine IL 2. |
| 342 | 2104221 | Within 24 hours following the instillation, all (n = 10) patients exhibited a strong increase in urinary cytokine secretion, which was significantly different from the control group (n = 10), with respect to TNF L929 biological assay (P less than 0.01), TNF sandwich-ELISA (P less than 0.01), IL 2 CTL 6 biological assay (P less than 0.05), IL 2 sandwich-ELISA (P less than 0.005), and IL 1 sandwich-ELISA (P less than 0.05), but not to the IL 1 fibroblast biological assay. |
| 343 | 2108928 | After immunization with killed-bacterial vaccine, T-cell responsiveness to interleukin 2 (IL-2) never developed but a lower level of responsiveness to IL-1 appeared later than with T cells from mice immunized with viable bacteria. |
| 344 | 2123823 | Mycobacterium-specific T cells from both BALB/c and B10.D2 mice produced interleukin-2 and no interleukin-4. |
| 345 | 2123823 | This suggests that tumor necrosis factor, in addition to gamma interferon, may be involved in resistance to L. major and that interleukin-4 may inhibit the leishmanicidal activity of tumor necrosis factor and/or gamma interferon. |
| 346 | 2125574 | Staphylococcal enterotoxin A induced interferon (IFN)-gamma production in spleen cells from BCG-immunized mice: the IFN production is dependent on leukotriene C4 but not dependent on interleukin 2. |
| 347 | 2125574 | In analyzing the phenomenon in vitro, we showed that SEA induced IFN-gamma in the supernatant of the spleen cell culture from BCG immunized B6 mice and that leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from BCG activated macrophages in the spleen was involved in the IFN production from Ly 1+ T cells. |
| 348 | 2125574 | On the other hand, interleukin-2 (IL-2) has reported to play an important role in the regulation of synthesis of IFN-gamma by T cells. |
| 349 | 2125574 | In the present study, we examined whether IL-2 is involved in SEA-induced IFN production. |
| 350 | 2125574 | The result showed that the SEA-induced IFN-gamma production was observed in spite of suppression of SEA-induced IL-2 production in spleen cells from BCG-immunized B6 mice. |
| 351 | 2125574 | On the contrary, the depressed IFN production was observed in spite of high SEA-induced IL-2 production in spleen cells from their control mice. |
| 352 | 2125574 | On the other hand, LTC4 production was 8 times higher in spleen cells from BCG-immunized B6 mice, high producer of SEA-induced IFN, than in that from BCG-immunized C3H mice, the low producer. |
| 353 | 2125574 | Staphylococcal enterotoxin A induced interferon (IFN)-gamma production in spleen cells from BCG-immunized mice: the IFN production is dependent on leukotriene C4 but not dependent on interleukin 2. |
| 354 | 2125574 | In analyzing the phenomenon in vitro, we showed that SEA induced IFN-gamma in the supernatant of the spleen cell culture from BCG immunized B6 mice and that leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from BCG activated macrophages in the spleen was involved in the IFN production from Ly 1+ T cells. |
| 355 | 2125574 | On the other hand, interleukin-2 (IL-2) has reported to play an important role in the regulation of synthesis of IFN-gamma by T cells. |
| 356 | 2125574 | In the present study, we examined whether IL-2 is involved in SEA-induced IFN production. |
| 357 | 2125574 | The result showed that the SEA-induced IFN-gamma production was observed in spite of suppression of SEA-induced IL-2 production in spleen cells from BCG-immunized B6 mice. |
| 358 | 2125574 | On the contrary, the depressed IFN production was observed in spite of high SEA-induced IL-2 production in spleen cells from their control mice. |
| 359 | 2125574 | On the other hand, LTC4 production was 8 times higher in spleen cells from BCG-immunized B6 mice, high producer of SEA-induced IFN, than in that from BCG-immunized C3H mice, the low producer. |
| 360 | 2125574 | Staphylococcal enterotoxin A induced interferon (IFN)-gamma production in spleen cells from BCG-immunized mice: the IFN production is dependent on leukotriene C4 but not dependent on interleukin 2. |
| 361 | 2125574 | In analyzing the phenomenon in vitro, we showed that SEA induced IFN-gamma in the supernatant of the spleen cell culture from BCG immunized B6 mice and that leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from BCG activated macrophages in the spleen was involved in the IFN production from Ly 1+ T cells. |
| 362 | 2125574 | On the other hand, interleukin-2 (IL-2) has reported to play an important role in the regulation of synthesis of IFN-gamma by T cells. |
| 363 | 2125574 | In the present study, we examined whether IL-2 is involved in SEA-induced IFN production. |
| 364 | 2125574 | The result showed that the SEA-induced IFN-gamma production was observed in spite of suppression of SEA-induced IL-2 production in spleen cells from BCG-immunized B6 mice. |
| 365 | 2125574 | On the contrary, the depressed IFN production was observed in spite of high SEA-induced IL-2 production in spleen cells from their control mice. |
| 366 | 2125574 | On the other hand, LTC4 production was 8 times higher in spleen cells from BCG-immunized B6 mice, high producer of SEA-induced IFN, than in that from BCG-immunized C3H mice, the low producer. |
| 367 | 2125574 | Staphylococcal enterotoxin A induced interferon (IFN)-gamma production in spleen cells from BCG-immunized mice: the IFN production is dependent on leukotriene C4 but not dependent on interleukin 2. |
| 368 | 2125574 | In analyzing the phenomenon in vitro, we showed that SEA induced IFN-gamma in the supernatant of the spleen cell culture from BCG immunized B6 mice and that leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from BCG activated macrophages in the spleen was involved in the IFN production from Ly 1+ T cells. |
| 369 | 2125574 | On the other hand, interleukin-2 (IL-2) has reported to play an important role in the regulation of synthesis of IFN-gamma by T cells. |
| 370 | 2125574 | In the present study, we examined whether IL-2 is involved in SEA-induced IFN production. |
| 371 | 2125574 | The result showed that the SEA-induced IFN-gamma production was observed in spite of suppression of SEA-induced IL-2 production in spleen cells from BCG-immunized B6 mice. |
| 372 | 2125574 | On the contrary, the depressed IFN production was observed in spite of high SEA-induced IL-2 production in spleen cells from their control mice. |
| 373 | 2125574 | On the other hand, LTC4 production was 8 times higher in spleen cells from BCG-immunized B6 mice, high producer of SEA-induced IFN, than in that from BCG-immunized C3H mice, the low producer. |
| 374 | 2125574 | Staphylococcal enterotoxin A induced interferon (IFN)-gamma production in spleen cells from BCG-immunized mice: the IFN production is dependent on leukotriene C4 but not dependent on interleukin 2. |
| 375 | 2125574 | In analyzing the phenomenon in vitro, we showed that SEA induced IFN-gamma in the supernatant of the spleen cell culture from BCG immunized B6 mice and that leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from BCG activated macrophages in the spleen was involved in the IFN production from Ly 1+ T cells. |
| 376 | 2125574 | On the other hand, interleukin-2 (IL-2) has reported to play an important role in the regulation of synthesis of IFN-gamma by T cells. |
| 377 | 2125574 | In the present study, we examined whether IL-2 is involved in SEA-induced IFN production. |
| 378 | 2125574 | The result showed that the SEA-induced IFN-gamma production was observed in spite of suppression of SEA-induced IL-2 production in spleen cells from BCG-immunized B6 mice. |
| 379 | 2125574 | On the contrary, the depressed IFN production was observed in spite of high SEA-induced IL-2 production in spleen cells from their control mice. |
| 380 | 2125574 | On the other hand, LTC4 production was 8 times higher in spleen cells from BCG-immunized B6 mice, high producer of SEA-induced IFN, than in that from BCG-immunized C3H mice, the low producer. |
| 381 | 2144549 | The activated T cells are mainly CD4+ and secrete IL-2 and IFN-gamma but no IL-4. |
| 382 | 2144889 | In the LC9018-primed mice, intraperitoneal administration of LC9018 into syngeneic hosts after priming induced a high level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the peritoneal cavity. |
| 383 | 2144889 | These results suggest that LC9018-reactive helper T (Th) cells were induced by the priming and subsequent challenge with LC9018, and that IL-2 or IFN-gamma, which was produced by the activated LC9018-reactive Th cells, augmented a host immune response resulting the antitumor activity. |
| 384 | 2144889 | In the LC9018-primed mice, intraperitoneal administration of LC9018 into syngeneic hosts after priming induced a high level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the peritoneal cavity. |
| 385 | 2144889 | These results suggest that LC9018-reactive helper T (Th) cells were induced by the priming and subsequent challenge with LC9018, and that IL-2 or IFN-gamma, which was produced by the activated LC9018-reactive Th cells, augmented a host immune response resulting the antitumor activity. |
| 386 | 2168340 | CD4+ virus-specific T cells capable of proliferation were readily induced and, in some circumstances, class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxicity was detected. |
| 387 | 2168340 | Mice immunized orally with the nucleoprotein-expressing bacteria mounted a strong anti-viral antibody response and spleen cells from such mice proliferated specifically to virus challenge in vitro, producing interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 388 | 2181071 | We examined the kinetics of the in vitro proliferative response to PHA and IL-2 and found that while the response of lymphocytes primed in vivo with IL-2 to PHA was depressed at all times during the 2 week in vitro exposure, the response to IL-2 peaked earlier and higher than did the response to IL-2 by lymphocytes obtained prior to IL-2 therapy. |
| 389 | 2187503 | No differences in the production of lymphokines (interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma) after stimulation with mitogens or rgp160 were found when rgp160 vaccinees and controls were compared. |
| 390 | 2193171 | Elevations of cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor in the urine of patients after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy. |
| 391 | 2193171 | In an attempt to elucidate further the immunological mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the therapy of superficial urothelial bladder cancer, a prospective study was performed in which the urine of patients was examined before and after 6 intravesical instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin for the presence of the cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 392 | 2193171 | Urinary titers of interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor increased significantly after bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation but showed inter-individual differences. |
| 393 | 2193171 | Elevations of cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor in the urine of patients after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy. |
| 394 | 2193171 | In an attempt to elucidate further the immunological mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the therapy of superficial urothelial bladder cancer, a prospective study was performed in which the urine of patients was examined before and after 6 intravesical instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin for the presence of the cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 395 | 2193171 | Urinary titers of interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor increased significantly after bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation but showed inter-individual differences. |
| 396 | 2193171 | Elevations of cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor in the urine of patients after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy. |
| 397 | 2193171 | In an attempt to elucidate further the immunological mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the therapy of superficial urothelial bladder cancer, a prospective study was performed in which the urine of patients was examined before and after 6 intravesical instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin for the presence of the cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 398 | 2193171 | Urinary titers of interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor increased significantly after bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation but showed inter-individual differences. |
| 399 | 2389115 | Single or multiple injections (1-3) of IL-2 did not modify the total number of circulating lymphocytes or the number of T cells and the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio. |
| 400 | 2394954 | The cellular contents and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) [Tac peptide] of skin blisters induced by suction over 7 reversal reaction (RR) patients were examined using immunoperoxidase and ELISA techniques respectively. |
| 401 | 2427449 | Only one clone was CD8+ CD4-, and the rest were CD4+ CD8-. |
| 402 | 2427449 | BCG- and M. tuberculosis H37Rv-specific as well as cross-reactive T-cell clones could be induced to produce interleukin 2, gamma interferon, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor activity. |
| 403 | 2439187 | In recent years, those substances that have attracted the greatest attention have included interferon (and, more recently, recombinant gamma interferon), bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), tumor necrosis factor, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, and interleukin-2. |
| 404 | 2445517 | Immunomodulators--including interferons, interleukin-2, immune reconstitution with bone-marrow transplantation and lymphocyte transfusions, transfer factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, inosine pranobex (isoprinosine), and naltrexone--are being tested with no great successes. |
| 405 | 2462467 | Augmented tumor-specific T cell response as a result of CD4+ and CD8+ immune T cell cooperation. |
| 406 | 2462467 | We demonstrate here that immune spleen cells from mice immunized with ESb-NDV contain enhanced immune capacity in both the CD4+, CD8- and the CD4-, CD8+ T cell compartments to mount a secondary-tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell response in comparison with immune cells from mice immunized with ESb. |
| 407 | 2462467 | ESb-NDV immune CD4+, CD8- helper T cells also produced more interleukin 2 after antigen stimulation than the corresponding ESb immune cells. |
| 408 | 2462467 | There was no participation of either CD4+ or CD8+ virus-specific cells in the augmented response. |
| 409 | 2465739 | These drugs are living-BCG, OK-432, MY-1, WPG, interferon preparation (alpha, beta and gamma), TNF, IL-2, peplomycin, bleomycin and others. |
| 410 | 2470398 | Animals were immunized with the original VV strain, as control, or with constructs expressing gp160 (VV160) given exclusively or in combination with one or two other constructs producing p25 (VV25), F/3'-orf (VVF), or the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene, which was included in an attempt to amplify immune responses. |
| 411 | 2493675 | We made use of a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding and expressing the murine IL-2 gene and recombinant IL-2 to test the role of IL-2 in the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I determined immune response (Ir) gene defects in the response to vaccinia virus. |
| 412 | 2509329 | (ii) Interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and N-acetyl muramyl-L-threonyl-D-isoglutamine ([Thr1]MDP), but not its liposoluble 6-O-stearoyl derivative (6-O-S-[Thr1]MDP), co-entrapped with the toxoid at appropriate phospholipid to toxoid ratios, generally reduced primary response to levels below those achieved with liposomes containing the antigen alone. |
| 413 | 2509329 | Further, responses obtained with 6-O-S[Thr1]MDP coentrapped with the toxoid or separately entrapped were higher than those seen with [Thr1]MDP in similar formulations. |
| 414 | 2525677 | The values were related to age, duration of hemodialysis, body weight, creatinine, urea nitrogen, serum concentrations of beta 2-microglobulin and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R). |
| 415 | 2526739 | Levels of cytokine mRNA coding for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL) 2, IL 1 beta, IL 4 or IL 6 have been measured by Northern blot analysis after antigen stimulation. |
| 416 | 2526739 | With some variations among donors, antigens clearly induced measurable levels of IFN-gamma, GM-CSF and IL 2 mRNA. |
| 417 | 2526739 | Levels of cytokine mRNA coding for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL) 2, IL 1 beta, IL 4 or IL 6 have been measured by Northern blot analysis after antigen stimulation. |
| 418 | 2526739 | With some variations among donors, antigens clearly induced measurable levels of IFN-gamma, GM-CSF and IL 2 mRNA. |
| 419 | 2527276 | The suppressed PHA blastogenic response on day 7 was not enhanced by the addition of interleukin-2 or indomethacin even though an increase in cell number expressing CD25 was observed. |
| 420 | 2527276 | The removal of CD4+ or CD8+ cells enhanced the PHA response but only on days 2 or 4 and not at other sampling times, which suggests that the suppression is mediated by CD4+ or CD8+ cells. |
| 421 | 2563003 | Systemic production of antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen was initiated in those immunodeficient patients whose cellular interleukin-2 receptor levels were found to be enhanced. |
| 422 | 2574188 | The earliest TH defect is the loss of responses to FLU and TET, indicating a selective defect in CD4+ MHC self-restricted TH function. |
| 423 | 2574188 | The later loss of ALLO and PHA IL-2 responses suggests more severe TH dysfunction involving both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 424 | 2659274 | It is also possible to contemplate using the avirulent Salmonella to target expression of various modulators of the immune system such as interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma to the GALT and thus further enhance the immune response. |
| 425 | 2810255 | The addition of exogenous interleukin 2 augmented responses to the tetanus toxoid, however, no such enhancement with type II collagen was noted in our patients. |
| 426 | 2826591 | We determined that recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) administered in conjunction with herpes simplex virus (HSV) crude extract or recombinant glycoprotein D subunit vaccine enhances the protective effect of either antigen preparation against HSV type 2 genital infection in guinea pigs. |
| 427 | 2894392 | Human memory T lymphocytes express increased levels of three cell adhesion molecules (LFA-3, CD2, and LFA-1) and three other molecules (UCHL1, CDw29, and Pgp-1) and have enhanced IFN-gamma production. |
| 428 | 2894392 | Studies of cell-surface molecules involved in human T cell interaction reveal that differential expression of each of three adhesion molecules (LFA-3, CD2, and LFA-1) subdivides human peripheral blood T cells into major subpopulations. |
| 429 | 2894392 | Systematic analysis of the relationship between expression of these and other markers of T cell subsets demonstrates a single major subset of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes distinguished by enhanced expression of LFA-3, CD2, LFA-1, and three other markers (CDw29 [4B4], UCHL1, and Pgp-1). |
| 430 | 2894392 | Large differences in relative expression are observed for UCHL1 (29-fold) and LFA-3 (greater than 8-fold), and smaller differences (2- to 4-fold) are seen for CDw29, CD2, LFA-1, and Pgp-1. |
| 431 | 2894392 | Bimodal distribution of LFA-3 is found on both CD4+ cells and on CD8+ cells as well as on B lymphocytes (CD19+). |
| 432 | 2894392 | Neonatal T cells (CD3+) are comprised almost exclusively of the subset expressing low LFA-3, CD2, LFA-1, CDw29, and UCHL1. |
| 433 | 2894392 | Furthermore, the LFA-3+ subset made greater than fivefold more IFN-gamma than the LFA-3- subset in response to PHA, despite the fact that both subsets made equivalent amounts of IL-2. |
| 434 | 2894392 | This phenotypic and functional analysis of resting and activated newborn and adult T cells indicates that human memory T cells express enhanced levels of LFA-3, CD2, LFA-1, UCHL1, CDw29, and Pgp-1; we speculate that the increase in expression of T cell adhesion molecules LFA-3, CD2, and LFA-1 on memory cells is functionally important in their enhanced responsiveness. |
| 435 | 2904885 | In vitro T cell responses to a candidate Epstein-Barr virus vaccine: human CD4+ T cell clones specific for the major envelope glycoprotein gp340. |
| 436 | 2904885 | Limiting dilution culture of the activated T lymphoblasts in interleukin 2-containing medium generated stable CD3+CD4+CD8- T cell clones. |
| 437 | 2932383 | Since previous work had indicated that suppression involved the inhibition of the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), the effects of BCG on interleukin-1 (IL-1), a monokine required for IL-2 production, were investigated. |
| 438 | 2939948 | This was concomitant with restoration and maintenance of normal interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) levels and prevention of suppressor cell development in mice injected with both tumor cells and vaccine. |
| 439 | 2939948 | Our finding of C. parvum-induced maintenance of IL-2 and IL-3 levels and apparent lack of suppressor cell formation lends support to the idea of local C. parvum antitumor action possibly being mediated by CTL arising via the interleukin cascade. |
| 440 | 2939948 | This was concomitant with restoration and maintenance of normal interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) levels and prevention of suppressor cell development in mice injected with both tumor cells and vaccine. |
| 441 | 2939948 | Our finding of C. parvum-induced maintenance of IL-2 and IL-3 levels and apparent lack of suppressor cell formation lends support to the idea of local C. parvum antitumor action possibly being mediated by CTL arising via the interleukin cascade. |
| 442 | 2939949 | Macrophages and lymphocytes from treated mice released significantly more IL-1 and IL-2-like factors in culture than did the control counterparts. |
| 443 | 2971729 | The effect of exogenous IL-1 and IL-2 on lymphocyte proliferation was studied. |
| 444 | 2971729 | The specific immune defect was not reconstituted by the addition of graded doses of purified human IL-1 or IL-2 and could not be attributed to suppressor adherent cells. |
| 445 | 2971729 | The effect of exogenous IL-1 and IL-2 on lymphocyte proliferation was studied. |
| 446 | 2971729 | The specific immune defect was not reconstituted by the addition of graded doses of purified human IL-1 or IL-2 and could not be attributed to suppressor adherent cells. |
| 447 | 2972876 | This defect results in a lack of interleukin 2-production and an enhanced sensitivity of the interleukin-2 receptor system. |
| 448 | 3024169 | Sequence homology between acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus envelope protein and interleukin 2. |
| 449 | 3070530 | (table; see text) These include two major areas of focus at the present time: (1) the use of IL-2 +/- LAK in combination with a variety of agents which have been shown to be synergistic with it, including other biological response modifiers (such as interferons), agents which may act both as interferon inducers as well as by other mechanisms (poly-IC:LC and flavone-8-acetic acid), and chemotherapeutic agents (especially cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and agents which have some activity against the disease being treated such as DTIC for melanoma), and (2) various approaches aimed at inducing and expanding tumor-specific immune cells which appear to have greater antitumor activity than LAK cells and which may be major contributors to the antitumor efficacy of IL-2 therapy. |
| 450 | 3081638 | The CD11+/CD4+ cells uniformly expressed CD3 and could be induced to express IL 2 receptors by activation with PHA or anti-CD3 antibody. |
| 451 | 3081638 | Compared with unfractionated T cells, however, CD11+/CD4+ granular lymphocytes had a reduced ability to produce IL 2 after stimulation with PHA or anti-CD3 antibody. |
| 452 | 3081638 | Nevertheless, the CD11+/CD4+ subset generated specific allocytotoxicity after stimulation with allogeneic cells and culture in IL 2. |
| 453 | 3081638 | The CD11+/CD4+ cells uniformly expressed CD3 and could be induced to express IL 2 receptors by activation with PHA or anti-CD3 antibody. |
| 454 | 3081638 | Compared with unfractionated T cells, however, CD11+/CD4+ granular lymphocytes had a reduced ability to produce IL 2 after stimulation with PHA or anti-CD3 antibody. |
| 455 | 3081638 | Nevertheless, the CD11+/CD4+ subset generated specific allocytotoxicity after stimulation with allogeneic cells and culture in IL 2. |
| 456 | 3081638 | The CD11+/CD4+ cells uniformly expressed CD3 and could be induced to express IL 2 receptors by activation with PHA or anti-CD3 antibody. |
| 457 | 3081638 | Compared with unfractionated T cells, however, CD11+/CD4+ granular lymphocytes had a reduced ability to produce IL 2 after stimulation with PHA or anti-CD3 antibody. |
| 458 | 3081638 | Nevertheless, the CD11+/CD4+ subset generated specific allocytotoxicity after stimulation with allogeneic cells and culture in IL 2. |
| 459 | 3097138 | Although splenocytes from immunized P mice demonstrated deficiencies in production of macrophage-activating lymphokine(s) in response to either antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, other aspects of T lymphocyte responsiveness including blastogenesis, production of interleukin 2, interleukin 3 and macrophage chemotactic factor, as well as helper cell function for secondary plaque-forming cell response to a T-dependent antigen and allospecific cytolytic T cell reactivity, appeared to be comparable with those of C57BL/6 mice, a strain that is protected by vaccination against S. mansoni. |
| 460 | 3119733 | Is recombinant interleukin-2 the best way to deliver interferon-gamma in human disease? |
| 461 | 3119733 | Since the systemic use of IFN-gamma is limited by side effects, IL-2 may be an important mechanism for physiologic delivery of IFN-gamma to local sites. |
| 462 | 3119733 | Is recombinant interleukin-2 the best way to deliver interferon-gamma in human disease? |
| 463 | 3119733 | Since the systemic use of IFN-gamma is limited by side effects, IL-2 may be an important mechanism for physiologic delivery of IFN-gamma to local sites. |
| 464 | 3131768 | Targeting the low-affinity IL-2-binding p55 subunit of the high-affinity IL-2R with the rat anti-mouse IgM monoclonal antibody M7/20 suppresses a variety of T-cell-mediated reactions, including transplant rejection, autoimmunity, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). |
| 465 | 3131768 | A hybrid IL-2-toxin gene was constructed from the diphtheria toxin gene by replacing the DNA encoding the diphtheria toxin receptor-binding domain with the DNA encoding the receptor-binding domain of IL-2, and the fusion protein encoded by the hybrid gene was expressed in Escherichia coli [Williams, D.P., Parker, K., Bacha, P., Bishai, W., Borowski, M., Genbauffe, F., Strom, T.B. |
| 466 | 3131768 | Treatment of mice with the IL-2-toxin blocks DTH and prevents expansion of IL-2R+ T cells. |
| 467 | 3131768 | Indeed, IL-2-toxin treatment targets IL-2R+ T cells in vivo and is shown to selectively eliminate their appearance in draining lymph nodes. |
| 468 | 3131768 | Targeting the low-affinity IL-2-binding p55 subunit of the high-affinity IL-2R with the rat anti-mouse IgM monoclonal antibody M7/20 suppresses a variety of T-cell-mediated reactions, including transplant rejection, autoimmunity, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). |
| 469 | 3131768 | A hybrid IL-2-toxin gene was constructed from the diphtheria toxin gene by replacing the DNA encoding the diphtheria toxin receptor-binding domain with the DNA encoding the receptor-binding domain of IL-2, and the fusion protein encoded by the hybrid gene was expressed in Escherichia coli [Williams, D.P., Parker, K., Bacha, P., Bishai, W., Borowski, M., Genbauffe, F., Strom, T.B. |
| 470 | 3131768 | Treatment of mice with the IL-2-toxin blocks DTH and prevents expansion of IL-2R+ T cells. |
| 471 | 3131768 | Indeed, IL-2-toxin treatment targets IL-2R+ T cells in vivo and is shown to selectively eliminate their appearance in draining lymph nodes. |
| 472 | 3131768 | Targeting the low-affinity IL-2-binding p55 subunit of the high-affinity IL-2R with the rat anti-mouse IgM monoclonal antibody M7/20 suppresses a variety of T-cell-mediated reactions, including transplant rejection, autoimmunity, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). |
| 473 | 3131768 | A hybrid IL-2-toxin gene was constructed from the diphtheria toxin gene by replacing the DNA encoding the diphtheria toxin receptor-binding domain with the DNA encoding the receptor-binding domain of IL-2, and the fusion protein encoded by the hybrid gene was expressed in Escherichia coli [Williams, D.P., Parker, K., Bacha, P., Bishai, W., Borowski, M., Genbauffe, F., Strom, T.B. |
| 474 | 3131768 | Treatment of mice with the IL-2-toxin blocks DTH and prevents expansion of IL-2R+ T cells. |
| 475 | 3131768 | Indeed, IL-2-toxin treatment targets IL-2R+ T cells in vivo and is shown to selectively eliminate their appearance in draining lymph nodes. |
| 476 | 3131768 | Targeting the low-affinity IL-2-binding p55 subunit of the high-affinity IL-2R with the rat anti-mouse IgM monoclonal antibody M7/20 suppresses a variety of T-cell-mediated reactions, including transplant rejection, autoimmunity, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). |
| 477 | 3131768 | A hybrid IL-2-toxin gene was constructed from the diphtheria toxin gene by replacing the DNA encoding the diphtheria toxin receptor-binding domain with the DNA encoding the receptor-binding domain of IL-2, and the fusion protein encoded by the hybrid gene was expressed in Escherichia coli [Williams, D.P., Parker, K., Bacha, P., Bishai, W., Borowski, M., Genbauffe, F., Strom, T.B. |
| 478 | 3131768 | Treatment of mice with the IL-2-toxin blocks DTH and prevents expansion of IL-2R+ T cells. |
| 479 | 3131768 | Indeed, IL-2-toxin treatment targets IL-2R+ T cells in vivo and is shown to selectively eliminate their appearance in draining lymph nodes. |
| 480 | 3168320 | Although taurine did not have any activity on the proliferation of thymocytes nor stimulate IL-2 production, taurine did induce IL-1 production by macrophages. |
| 481 | 3168320 | Lithium induced neither polyclonal antibody production, nor IL-1 or IL-2 production. |
| 482 | 3168320 | Although taurine did not have any activity on the proliferation of thymocytes nor stimulate IL-2 production, taurine did induce IL-1 production by macrophages. |
| 483 | 3168320 | Lithium induced neither polyclonal antibody production, nor IL-1 or IL-2 production. |
| 484 | 3323037 | TP3 with Suramin treatment might be advantageous to eliminate defective side effects of Suramin on immune system and TP3 with indirect inducing action on IL-2, IFN-gamma production may be useful in therapy of AIDS patients. |
| 485 | 3484491 | We have shown that human dermal fibroblasts, exposed to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) to induce surface class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, were capable of presenting tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen to human TT-specific T cell clones. |
| 486 | 3484491 | In addition, the failure of antigen presentation by fibroblasts to resting T cells was reversed by the addition of recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL 2) to cultures, but not of purified human interleukin 1 (IL 1). |
| 487 | 6193867 | ADM-induced adherent PEC supernatants (as well as LAF, IL-2, and IFN) augmented overnight-cultured C3HeB/FeJ splenic NK activity. |
| 488 | 6193867 | However, only IL-2 and IFN could augment overnight-cultured athymic BALB/c . nu/nu splenic NK activity. |
| 489 | 6193867 | ADM-induced adherent PEC supernatants (as well as LAF, IL-2, and IFN) augmented overnight-cultured C3HeB/FeJ splenic NK activity. |
| 490 | 6193867 | However, only IL-2 and IFN could augment overnight-cultured athymic BALB/c . nu/nu splenic NK activity. |
| 491 | 7483764 | In cultures of RS virus primed LNC challenged with whole virus there was a switch of cytokine production from 70% IL-2 at day 3 to 80% IL-4 by 6 days of culture. |
| 492 | 7483764 | These data suggest that after 6 days of challenge with viral antigen, the RS virus-primed LNC response consists of T helper cells which are predominantly of the Th2 subset, secreting IL-4, whilst F protein-primed LNC secrete large quantities of IL-2 and can therefore be classified as predominantly of the Th1 subset. |
| 493 | 7483764 | In cultures of RS virus primed LNC challenged with whole virus there was a switch of cytokine production from 70% IL-2 at day 3 to 80% IL-4 by 6 days of culture. |
| 494 | 7483764 | These data suggest that after 6 days of challenge with viral antigen, the RS virus-primed LNC response consists of T helper cells which are predominantly of the Th2 subset, secreting IL-4, whilst F protein-primed LNC secrete large quantities of IL-2 and can therefore be classified as predominantly of the Th1 subset. |
| 495 | 7492350 | A similar effect by exogenous IL-2, or the same concentration of IL-4, was observed in 8/11 (P = 0.02) and 5/6 respectively DH, and 3/4 normal gut T cell lines. |
| 496 | 7493774 | Tuberculin-induced expression of IFN-gamma, IL2, IL4, IL10 and TNF-alpha mRNA occurred in the skin biopsies of all of the lesioned, M. bovis inoculated animals except for an absence of tuberculin-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression in two animals. |
| 497 | 7493774 | By 28 weeks after vaccination, the three BCG-vaccinated, sham-inoculated cattle displayed minimal skin swelling response to tuberculin, but tuberculin-induced expression of IFN-gamma, IL2, IL4, IL10 and TNF-alpha mRNA was observed in skin biopsies of all of these animals. |
| 498 | 7493774 | Tuberculin-induced expression of IFN-gamma, IL2, IL4, IL10 and TNF-alpha mRNA occurred in the skin biopsies of all of the lesioned, M. bovis inoculated animals except for an absence of tuberculin-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression in two animals. |
| 499 | 7493774 | By 28 weeks after vaccination, the three BCG-vaccinated, sham-inoculated cattle displayed minimal skin swelling response to tuberculin, but tuberculin-induced expression of IFN-gamma, IL2, IL4, IL10 and TNF-alpha mRNA was observed in skin biopsies of all of these animals. |
| 500 | 7499443 | Induction of antitumor immunity and treatment of preestablished tumor by interleukin-6-gene-transfected melanoma cells combined with low-dose interleukin-2. |
| 501 | 7499443 | These data demonstrated that IL-6-gene-transfected cancer vaccine has a potent antitumor effect via efficient induction of antitumor immunity, and a better therapeutic effect could be achieved when the vaccine is combined with low-dose IL-2 as adjuvant. |
| 502 | 7499443 | Induction of antitumor immunity and treatment of preestablished tumor by interleukin-6-gene-transfected melanoma cells combined with low-dose interleukin-2. |
| 503 | 7499443 | These data demonstrated that IL-6-gene-transfected cancer vaccine has a potent antitumor effect via efficient induction of antitumor immunity, and a better therapeutic effect could be achieved when the vaccine is combined with low-dose IL-2 as adjuvant. |
| 504 | 7504709 | In this study we increase the evidence that schistosome TPI is a potential vaccine Ag by showing that it also a potent inducer of IL-2 and IFN-gamma production (Th1 responses), driving production of these cytokines in the same cell populations of infected animals that have high Th2 responses directed at other parasite egg Ag. |
| 505 | 7504709 | Finally we showed that both the full-length TPI molecule and the final version of the MAP were immunogenic to T cells in naive animals and induced cross-recognition in the form of IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 506 | 7504709 | In this study we increase the evidence that schistosome TPI is a potential vaccine Ag by showing that it also a potent inducer of IL-2 and IFN-gamma production (Th1 responses), driving production of these cytokines in the same cell populations of infected animals that have high Th2 responses directed at other parasite egg Ag. |
| 507 | 7504709 | Finally we showed that both the full-length TPI molecule and the final version of the MAP were immunogenic to T cells in naive animals and induced cross-recognition in the form of IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 508 | 7513036 | MBV's effect on interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, plasma interferon (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels was monitored. |
| 509 | 7513036 | In general there was little correlation between IL-2 and IFN levels or with the response to therapy. |
| 510 | 7513036 | MBV's effect on interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, plasma interferon (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels was monitored. |
| 511 | 7513036 | In general there was little correlation between IL-2 and IFN levels or with the response to therapy. |
| 512 | 7513306 | Likewise, cells from recovered animals released gamma interferon and either interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-4 into culture media in response to both of the above-mentioned antigens, whereas cells from control animals did not. |
| 513 | 7513919 | Lymph node cells from immunised mice produced IL-2 and IL-4 when specifically recalled in vitro, indicating stimulation of both Th1 and Th2 helper cell compartments. |
| 514 | 7520417 | OspA and OspB also induced the production of high levels (40 to 150 ng/ml) of IFN-gamma in cultures of macrophages incubated with interleukin-2 (IL-2)-elicited cells from normal (T and NK cells) and scid (NK cells) mice but not in macrophages or IL-2-elicited cells cultured individually. |
| 515 | 7520417 | Reverse transcriptase rapid PCR demonstrated that OspA and sonicated B. burgdorferi stimulated production of several inflammatory cytokines in macrophage cultures, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. |
| 516 | 7520417 | As tumor necrosis factor alpha, IFN-beta, and IL-12 are potent activators of IFN-gamma production by T and NK cells, their presence in these cocultures could be responsible for the IFN-gamma production. |
| 517 | 7525715 | Relative efficacy of IL-2, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 518 | 7525715 | Here, we demonstrate that fusion proteins with IL-2 or IL-4 can also be highly immunogenic. |
| 519 | 7525715 | Furthermore, the Id-IL-2 fusion protein induced high titers of IgG2a and IgG3 anti-Id Abs, whereas the Id-IL-4 and Id-GM-CSF fusion proteins did not. |
| 520 | 7525715 | Relative efficacy of IL-2, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 521 | 7525715 | Here, we demonstrate that fusion proteins with IL-2 or IL-4 can also be highly immunogenic. |
| 522 | 7525715 | Furthermore, the Id-IL-2 fusion protein induced high titers of IgG2a and IgG3 anti-Id Abs, whereas the Id-IL-4 and Id-GM-CSF fusion proteins did not. |
| 523 | 7525715 | Relative efficacy of IL-2, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 524 | 7525715 | Here, we demonstrate that fusion proteins with IL-2 or IL-4 can also be highly immunogenic. |
| 525 | 7525715 | Furthermore, the Id-IL-2 fusion protein induced high titers of IgG2a and IgG3 anti-Id Abs, whereas the Id-IL-4 and Id-GM-CSF fusion proteins did not. |
| 526 | 7525727 | A similar, although less dramatic, increase in two other macrophage-activating cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-2, also was observed. |
| 527 | 7525727 | In contrast, although the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 were elevated in challenged vaccinated animals, only IL-10 and IL-13 showed increases that were significant with respect to the mRNA levels observed in challenged controls. |
| 528 | 7525727 | Neutralization of IFN-gamma reduced immunity in vaccinated animals and resulted in decreased IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 p40 but markedly increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 mRNA expression and serum IgE levels. |
| 529 | 7525727 | Furthermore, the observation that the down-regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 are induced together with IFN-gamma may provide an explanation for the failure of this vaccine to provide complete protection. |
| 530 | 7525727 | A similar, although less dramatic, increase in two other macrophage-activating cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-2, also was observed. |
| 531 | 7525727 | In contrast, although the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 were elevated in challenged vaccinated animals, only IL-10 and IL-13 showed increases that were significant with respect to the mRNA levels observed in challenged controls. |
| 532 | 7525727 | Neutralization of IFN-gamma reduced immunity in vaccinated animals and resulted in decreased IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 p40 but markedly increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 mRNA expression and serum IgE levels. |
| 533 | 7525727 | Furthermore, the observation that the down-regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 are induced together with IFN-gamma may provide an explanation for the failure of this vaccine to provide complete protection. |
| 534 | 7533857 | To increase the inherently weak immunogenicity of synthetic peptide vaccines, we used recombinant DNA techniques to generate chimeras between immunogenic determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 and antibody Fab fragments reactive with surface structures displayed specifically on human antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including surface immunoglobulin D (sIgD) and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. |
| 535 | 7533857 | Furthermore, such recombinant immunotargeted HIV-1 peptide antigens demonstrated improved immunogenicity over equivalent nonimmunotargeted control antigens, as shown by their ability to stimulate interleukin-2 production by CD4+ T-helper cells from human donors exposed to HIV-1 antigens. |
| 536 | 7533857 | These data suggest that immunotargeting of recombinant peptide antigens via the attached Fab fragments facilitates uptake by human APCs with subsequent access to the MHC class II processing pathway, thereby validating the immunotargeting concept for such recombinant subunit vaccines in an in vitro human system. |
| 537 | 7537831 | Japanese national references of IL-2 and TNF alpha were calibrated by collaboration with related companies and NIH Japan and the concluded results are obtained as follows. |
| 538 | 7538449 | These T cell lines proliferated and produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) and/or IL-4, but only in the presence of the relevant BRM and BALB/c spleen cells as the antigen and antigen-presenting cells respectively. |
| 539 | 7543537 | Although both C57BL/10 (B10) and BALB/c mice bear the susceptible phenotype of innate resistance, Calmette-Guérin bacillus (BCG) vaccination generated efficient API in B10 but not in BALB/c mice. |
| 540 | 7543537 | Employing a specific nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, we revealed that NO production plays a pivotal role in the API of B10 mice. |
| 541 | 7543537 | Furthermore, IFN-gamma, a potent inducer of iNOS, and mRNAs for IL-12 (p40); an inducer of IFN-gamma and IL-2 were also vigorously expressed in the spleen of B10 mice compared with that of BALB/c mice. |
| 542 | 7543537 | We found that multiple functions of macrophages, which include capacities to express IL-12 (p40) mRNA in response to BCG and to express mRNAs for iNOS and IL-12 (p40) in response to IFN-gamma, were impaired in BALB/c mice as compared with B10 mice. |
| 543 | 7544248 | We report here that by conjugating to ISCAR a 19mer peptide containing linear B epitopes, a T helper (Th) epitope, and a H-2b-restricted T cytotoxic (CTL) epitope of E7 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), and immunizing C57B1/6 (H-2b) mice, we elicited (i) specific IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies; (ii) IL-2 and IL-4 production by specifically recalled lymph node cells in vitro; (iii) cytotoxic T lymphocytes which specifically killed both E7 peptide-pulsed, and whole E7 gene-transfected tumour target cells; and (iv) in vivo protection against an E7 gene-transfected tumour cell inoculum. |
| 544 | 7553882 | We have investigated the role of cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF) in the generation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), within a single tumor system. |
| 545 | 7553882 | Most cytokines stimulated nonspecific killers, but IL-2 and IL-3 stimulated primary CTL. |
| 546 | 7553882 | While IFN-gamma alone did not generate primary CTL, coexpression of IFN-gamma with IL-2 resulted in CTL generation. |
| 547 | 7553882 | We have investigated the role of cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF) in the generation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), within a single tumor system. |
| 548 | 7553882 | Most cytokines stimulated nonspecific killers, but IL-2 and IL-3 stimulated primary CTL. |
| 549 | 7553882 | While IFN-gamma alone did not generate primary CTL, coexpression of IFN-gamma with IL-2 resulted in CTL generation. |
| 550 | 7553882 | We have investigated the role of cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF) in the generation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), within a single tumor system. |
| 551 | 7553882 | Most cytokines stimulated nonspecific killers, but IL-2 and IL-3 stimulated primary CTL. |
| 552 | 7553882 | While IFN-gamma alone did not generate primary CTL, coexpression of IFN-gamma with IL-2 resulted in CTL generation. |
| 553 | 7554398 | Iscoms stimulated more secretion of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) than the micelles, but both antigenic forms stimulated secretion of IL-4. |
| 554 | 7554398 | DC and B cells pulsed with iscoms stimulated most efficiently the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 555 | 7554398 | Iscoms stimulated more secretion of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) than the micelles, but both antigenic forms stimulated secretion of IL-4. |
| 556 | 7554398 | DC and B cells pulsed with iscoms stimulated most efficiently the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 557 | 7561146 | Interferon-gamma or interleukin-2 are specific and reliable readouts; other cytokines can be measured to further characterize the TH1 and TH2 elements of the T cell responses, although tetanus-stimulated IL-4 production is detected in only a minority of healthy individuals. |
| 558 | 7585534 | We have analyzed and compared in detail the malignant phenotypes of, the immune mechanisms induced by, and the immunotherapeutic potentials of B16-F10.9 melanoma cells manipulated by gene transfer to express syngeneic H-2Kb molecules or to secrete the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 559 | 7585534 | Local tumor growth in the footpad of transduced cells is mainly retarded by expression of H-2Kb and IL-2 genes and less by expression of IL-6. |
| 560 | 7585534 | After i.v. inoculation, mice given injections of F10.9-Kb expressors did not develop experimental lung metastases; mice given injections of F10.9-IL-6 secretors developed reduced metastatic loads; whereas mice given injections of F10.9-IL-2 secretors developed high loads of lung metastases. |
| 561 | 7585534 | On the basis of injections into nude mice, in vivo depletions of CD4+, CD8+, and NK1.1+ cells, and in vitro CTL and natural killer (NK) assays, we show that all F10.9-modified cells induce CD8+ tumor-specific CTL activity and that F10.9-IL-2 secretors also induce nonspecific NK/lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. |
| 562 | 7585534 | We have analyzed and compared in detail the malignant phenotypes of, the immune mechanisms induced by, and the immunotherapeutic potentials of B16-F10.9 melanoma cells manipulated by gene transfer to express syngeneic H-2Kb molecules or to secrete the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 563 | 7585534 | Local tumor growth in the footpad of transduced cells is mainly retarded by expression of H-2Kb and IL-2 genes and less by expression of IL-6. |
| 564 | 7585534 | After i.v. inoculation, mice given injections of F10.9-Kb expressors did not develop experimental lung metastases; mice given injections of F10.9-IL-6 secretors developed reduced metastatic loads; whereas mice given injections of F10.9-IL-2 secretors developed high loads of lung metastases. |
| 565 | 7585534 | On the basis of injections into nude mice, in vivo depletions of CD4+, CD8+, and NK1.1+ cells, and in vitro CTL and natural killer (NK) assays, we show that all F10.9-modified cells induce CD8+ tumor-specific CTL activity and that F10.9-IL-2 secretors also induce nonspecific NK/lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. |
| 566 | 7585534 | We have analyzed and compared in detail the malignant phenotypes of, the immune mechanisms induced by, and the immunotherapeutic potentials of B16-F10.9 melanoma cells manipulated by gene transfer to express syngeneic H-2Kb molecules or to secrete the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 567 | 7585534 | Local tumor growth in the footpad of transduced cells is mainly retarded by expression of H-2Kb and IL-2 genes and less by expression of IL-6. |
| 568 | 7585534 | After i.v. inoculation, mice given injections of F10.9-Kb expressors did not develop experimental lung metastases; mice given injections of F10.9-IL-6 secretors developed reduced metastatic loads; whereas mice given injections of F10.9-IL-2 secretors developed high loads of lung metastases. |
| 569 | 7585534 | On the basis of injections into nude mice, in vivo depletions of CD4+, CD8+, and NK1.1+ cells, and in vitro CTL and natural killer (NK) assays, we show that all F10.9-modified cells induce CD8+ tumor-specific CTL activity and that F10.9-IL-2 secretors also induce nonspecific NK/lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. |
| 570 | 7585534 | We have analyzed and compared in detail the malignant phenotypes of, the immune mechanisms induced by, and the immunotherapeutic potentials of B16-F10.9 melanoma cells manipulated by gene transfer to express syngeneic H-2Kb molecules or to secrete the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 571 | 7585534 | Local tumor growth in the footpad of transduced cells is mainly retarded by expression of H-2Kb and IL-2 genes and less by expression of IL-6. |
| 572 | 7585534 | After i.v. inoculation, mice given injections of F10.9-Kb expressors did not develop experimental lung metastases; mice given injections of F10.9-IL-6 secretors developed reduced metastatic loads; whereas mice given injections of F10.9-IL-2 secretors developed high loads of lung metastases. |
| 573 | 7585534 | On the basis of injections into nude mice, in vivo depletions of CD4+, CD8+, and NK1.1+ cells, and in vitro CTL and natural killer (NK) assays, we show that all F10.9-modified cells induce CD8+ tumor-specific CTL activity and that F10.9-IL-2 secretors also induce nonspecific NK/lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. |
| 574 | 7589080 | CD8+ T cells did not proliferate in vitro even in the presence of the appropriate peptide epitope and exogenous interleukin (IL)-2. |
| 575 | 7589080 | Primed popliteal lymph node cells produced IL-2, IL-5 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, but not IL-4 when restimulated with OVA in vitro. |
| 576 | 7589080 | CD8+ T cells did not proliferate in vitro even in the presence of the appropriate peptide epitope and exogenous interleukin (IL)-2. |
| 577 | 7589080 | Primed popliteal lymph node cells produced IL-2, IL-5 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, but not IL-4 when restimulated with OVA in vitro. |
| 578 | 7590827 | Levels can be increased dramatically by coinjection of DNA plasmids encoding either IL-2 or GM-CSF, and specific proliferative anti-idiotypic T cells are induced. |
| 579 | 7594484 | In addition to the Ag-specific production of IL-2 by CD4+ peritoneal cells that was elicited, several other correlates of protective responses were noted, including dramatic induction of CD3+ and alpha beta TCR+ cell populations in the peritoneal cavity and increased expression of class II MHC and production of IL-12 (upon in vitro restimulation) by peritoneal macrophages. |
| 580 | 7614735 | In vitro T-cell responses were measured by proliferation and IL2, IFN-gamma, and IL4 release. |
| 581 | 7620165 | We investigated the production of cytokines by highly purified T helper cells from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients stimulated by different activation pathways, and we studied the influence of various accessory cell populations on the pattern of the secretion of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-10. |
| 582 | 7620165 | Neither a qualitative nor a quantitative difference in cytokine production and proliferative capacity was observed in CLL-derived purified T cells compared with normal individuals, when T cells were stimulated by different pathways, including CD3, CD2, and costimulation with CD28. |
| 583 | 7620165 | CLL cells as aAC caused a marked increase of IL-2, whereas IFN-gamma was only slightly induced and IL-4 was not influenced. |
| 584 | 7620165 | In contrast, in normal individuals addition of aAC, which predominantly consisted of monocytes, resulted in a significant increase of IFN-gamma and a reduction of IL-4 secretion. |
| 585 | 7620165 | On the other hand, purified monocytes from CLL patients and controls both induced IFN-gamma production and inhibited IL-4 secretion. |
| 586 | 7620165 | We investigated the production of cytokines by highly purified T helper cells from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients stimulated by different activation pathways, and we studied the influence of various accessory cell populations on the pattern of the secretion of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-10. |
| 587 | 7620165 | Neither a qualitative nor a quantitative difference in cytokine production and proliferative capacity was observed in CLL-derived purified T cells compared with normal individuals, when T cells were stimulated by different pathways, including CD3, CD2, and costimulation with CD28. |
| 588 | 7620165 | CLL cells as aAC caused a marked increase of IL-2, whereas IFN-gamma was only slightly induced and IL-4 was not influenced. |
| 589 | 7620165 | In contrast, in normal individuals addition of aAC, which predominantly consisted of monocytes, resulted in a significant increase of IFN-gamma and a reduction of IL-4 secretion. |
| 590 | 7620165 | On the other hand, purified monocytes from CLL patients and controls both induced IFN-gamma production and inhibited IL-4 secretion. |
| 591 | 7625646 | TH1 cells, which secrete IFN gamma and IL-2, are associated with CMI, rather than humoral responses, and afford protection against intracellular infections including parasites. |
| 592 | 7625646 | In contrast, TH2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10; elicit high-titer antibody responses and poor CMI; and are associated with susceptibility to infection with intracellular pathogens. |
| 593 | 7627623 | Other therapies include CTL stimulation, via the macrophage route, by erythrocytes, into which MHC binding HIV-CTL epitope polypeptide fragments have been inserted; passive immunization, virion-trapping by CD4 analogs or CD4 expressing erythrocytes; and combination therapies with AZT, IL-2. |
| 594 | 7635511 | The activated T cells secreted interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) which was abrogated by treatment with anti-CD4 but not with anti-CD8 antibody. |
| 595 | 7639014 | All three forms of immunization appeared to stimulate T-cell responses as assessed by in vitro antigen-specific spleen cell proliferation and IL-2 secretion indicative of a Th1 type response, however, cells from i.p. immunized mice only secreted low levels of IL-5. |
| 596 | 7648281 | Predominantly CD8+ T-cell lines generated from PBMC by nonspecific stimulation with PHA and IL-2 were screened after three to four weeks of culture for cytolytic activity against autologous targets infected with vaccinia vectors encoding envLAI, RT, gag, and lacZ control. |
| 597 | 7650382 | In wild-type mice administration of recombinant IFN-gamma but not IL-2 mimicked the immune-stimulating activity of IL-12; it is therefore likely that the IL-12 adjuvant activity is largely mediated by physiologic IFN-gamma. |
| 598 | 7658307 | Resolution of lesions and subsequent protection against ringworm is primarily associated with the development of a cell-mediated immune (CMI) response, in which stimulation of Type-1 lymphocytes and cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12 and interferon gamma are significant. |
| 599 | 7660067 | The addition of IL-2, IL-4, and anti-CD40 or anti-CD28 antibodies or the removal of antigen did not restore the B cell response. |
| 600 | 7664800 | Systemic immunization induces protective CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses in murine Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis. |
| 601 | 7664800 | The immune mechanisms underlying immunization-induced protection of mice from lethal central nervous system (CNS) listeriosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry of leukocytes isolated from the brain, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of intracerebral (i.c.) tumor-necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-1 beta, IL-10, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression, and T cell depletion experiments. |
| 602 | 7664800 | The data demonstrate that active immunization of mice prior to an i.c. infection with Listeria monocytogenes prevents the development of a fatal necrotizing encephalitis and accelerates the recruitment of an increased number of alpha beta T cell receptor (TcR)+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, gamma delta TcR+ T cells, B cells, granulocytes and macrophages to the brain compared to non-immunized animals. |
| 603 | 7664800 | The protective effects of immunization were completely abolished by depletion of CD4+, CD8+, or both T cell subsets. |
| 604 | 7664800 | The severity of disease was only slightly different between CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ T cell depleted mice, indicating that both subsets of T cells are required for an effective i.c. immune response to L. monocytogenes. |
| 605 | 7678098 | CD4+ T-cell clones derived by stimulation with the intact Bb-1 fusion protein were used to identify two T-cell epitopes in the Bb-1A protein, consisting of amino acids SVVLLSAFSGN VWANEAEVSQVVK and FSDVDKTKSTEKT (residues 23 to 46 and 82 to 94). |
| 606 | 7678098 | Biological assays and Northern (RNA) blot analyses for cytokines revealed that following activation with concanavalin A, T-cell clones reactive against the two Bb-1A epitopes produced interleukin-2, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factors beta and alpha, but not interleukin-4, suggesting that the Bb-1 antigen preferentially stimulates the Th1 subset of CD4+ T cells in cattle. |
| 607 | 7679048 | The potential of tumor cells (J558L) engineered to produce one of 5 different cytokines (interleukin 2, interleukin 4, interleukin 7, tumor necrosis factor, or gamma-interferon) to give rise to systemic immunity protective against a contralateral challenge with the parental cells was analyzed. |
| 608 | 7684167 | In the past, cytokines such as interferons, IL-2, and TNF have been tested on a large scale in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. |
| 609 | 7684167 | The combination of IFN-alpha and IL-2 by subcutaneous administration appears to provide results similar to those of other treatment modalities with lower morbidity. |
| 610 | 7684167 | In the past, cytokines such as interferons, IL-2, and TNF have been tested on a large scale in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. |
| 611 | 7684167 | The combination of IFN-alpha and IL-2 by subcutaneous administration appears to provide results similar to those of other treatment modalities with lower morbidity. |
| 612 | 7687626 | Signal transduction analysis reveals functional CD3, CD4, and IL-2 receptors. |
| 613 | 7687626 | Taken together, we have shown that human T cell clones immortalized with H. saimiri express functional CD3, CD4, and IL-2R. |
| 614 | 7688563 | The proliferating T cells produce levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, that indicate antigen-specific T helper type 1 cells are present in significant numbers. |
| 615 | 7692655 | In the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, cytokines such as interferons, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor and immune therapy with autologous tumor cells and tumor cell vaccines have been tested on a large scale. |
| 616 | 7692655 | Immunotherapy with interferons, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor, autologous tumor cells or tumor cell vaccines has to be regarded as experimental. |
| 617 | 7692655 | In the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, cytokines such as interferons, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor and immune therapy with autologous tumor cells and tumor cell vaccines have been tested on a large scale. |
| 618 | 7692655 | Immunotherapy with interferons, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor, autologous tumor cells or tumor cell vaccines has to be regarded as experimental. |
| 619 | 7699320 | Poliovirus-specific CD4+ Th1 clones with both cytotoxic and helper activity mediate protective humoral immunity against a lethal poliovirus infection in transgenic mice expressing the human poliovirus receptor. |
| 620 | 7699320 | The current understanding of the function of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells in immunity to infectious diseases is that Th1 cells, which secrete interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma, induce cellular immune responses, whereas Th2 cells, which secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, provide helper function for humoral immunity. |
| 621 | 7699320 | We have used a panel of poliovirus-specific murine CD4+ T cell clones and mice transgenic for the human poliovirus receptor to evaluate the role of Th cell subpopulations in protective immunity to poliovirus. |
| 622 | 7699320 | The majority of T cell clones, as well as polyclonal T cells generated from mice infected or immunized with poliovirus, secreted IL-2 and interferon-gamma, but not IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10, a profile typical of Th1 cells. |
| 623 | 7699320 | Poliovirus-specific CD4+ Th1 clones with both cytotoxic and helper activity mediate protective humoral immunity against a lethal poliovirus infection in transgenic mice expressing the human poliovirus receptor. |
| 624 | 7699320 | The current understanding of the function of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells in immunity to infectious diseases is that Th1 cells, which secrete interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma, induce cellular immune responses, whereas Th2 cells, which secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, provide helper function for humoral immunity. |
| 625 | 7699320 | We have used a panel of poliovirus-specific murine CD4+ T cell clones and mice transgenic for the human poliovirus receptor to evaluate the role of Th cell subpopulations in protective immunity to poliovirus. |
| 626 | 7699320 | The majority of T cell clones, as well as polyclonal T cells generated from mice infected or immunized with poliovirus, secreted IL-2 and interferon-gamma, but not IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10, a profile typical of Th1 cells. |
| 627 | 7702748 | Of the two T-cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+) carrying alpha/beta T-cell receptors, the CD4+ T cells are of major importance for the development of blood stage immunity in both experimental and human malaria. |
| 628 | 7702748 | In some rodent malarias, TH1 cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-2 are important for controlling infection in its early phases, while TH2 cells, producing i.a. |
| 629 | 7702748 | IL-4 and IL-10, together with antibodies, are important for parasite clearance in later phases of infection. |
| 630 | 7702748 | In contrast to the CD4+ T cells, the role of CD8+ T cells in blood stage infection appears to be limited, but suppression of some CD4+ activities has been reported for both experimental and human malaria. |
| 631 | 7703440 | Studies employing rodent tumor models with little or no intrinsic immunogenicity have shown that genitically modified tumor cell preparations consisting of irradiated tumor cells transduced with and expressing cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IFN-gamma or GM-CSF were capable of inducing the regression of a preexisting tumor burden and cure animals from their disease. |
| 632 | 7719917 | In ex vivo CD4+ subsets, this interleukin-2 response was paralleled by a > 10% increase in the proportion of cells expressing the CD45RO+ phenotype following vaccination (p < 0.0001). |
| 633 | 7722322 | Exposure to supernatant fluids (SNs) from Ag stimulated spleen cells of i.d., but not i.v. or i.m., immunized mice activated inflammatory M phi for in vitro killing of schistosome larvae, through a mechanism dependent on both IFN gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 634 | 7722322 | No evidence was observed for the preferential induction of the M phi activating Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 in i.d. immunized mice, nor did spleen cells from nonprotected animals produce higher levels of the Th2 associated cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, which are known to prevent M phi activation. |
| 635 | 7747410 | Influence of recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-2 in pigs vaccinated and challenged with Streptococcus suis. |
| 636 | 7747410 | An experiment was conducted to determine the adjuvanticity of recombinant bovine IL-1 beta (rBoIL-1 beta) and recombinant bovine IL-2 (rBoIL-2) administered in conjunction with a single Streptococcus suis vaccination in pigs. |
| 637 | 7747410 | Influence of recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-2 in pigs vaccinated and challenged with Streptococcus suis. |
| 638 | 7747410 | An experiment was conducted to determine the adjuvanticity of recombinant bovine IL-1 beta (rBoIL-1 beta) and recombinant bovine IL-2 (rBoIL-2) administered in conjunction with a single Streptococcus suis vaccination in pigs. |
| 639 | 7750991 | Spleen and lymph node cells from the immunized mice produced significant amounts of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) but no detectable IL-4 when cultured with L. major antigens in vitro. |
| 640 | 7761694 | The purified T cells proliferated very weakly in response to Salmonella in the absence of interferon-gamma and interleukin 2/4 production. |
| 641 | 7776443 | Furthermore, the cleavage postulate that, in vivo, LAK cells activated by IL-2 produced by BCG activated CD4+ cells may induce bladder cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. |
| 642 | 7777545 | Although both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are clearly required to generate long-lasting anti-tumor immunity induced by s.c. vaccination with interleukin 2 (IL-2)-transfected, irradiated M-3 clone murine melanoma cells, some controversy continues about the site and mode of T-cell activation in this system. |
| 643 | 7782155 | Thus, although both liposomal antigens are capable of inducing potent humoral responses characterized by increased production of IgM and IgG2a, covalently linked antigen stimulates a quasi-polyclonal blastogenic response accompanied by the simultaneous secretion of IL-2 and IFN gamma, while encapsulated antigen which is less blastogenic mainly induces IL-2 secretion. |
| 644 | 7790090 | Human peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells express Th1-like cytokine mRNA and proteins following in vitro stimulation with heat-inactivated Brucella abortus. |
| 645 | 7790090 | Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5 induction was assayed by mRNA-specific PCR and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bioassay for protein production. |
| 646 | 7790090 | Following depletion of monocytes and B cells, B. abortus increased IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression in purified T cells compared with expression in unstimulated cells. |
| 647 | 7790090 | In contrast, no IL-5 mRNA expression and only transient low-level IL-4 mRNA expression and no IL-4 protein secretion were detected. |
| 648 | 7790090 | Both CD4+ and CD8+ populations produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 in response to B. abortus. |
| 649 | 7790090 | Human peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells express Th1-like cytokine mRNA and proteins following in vitro stimulation with heat-inactivated Brucella abortus. |
| 650 | 7790090 | Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5 induction was assayed by mRNA-specific PCR and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bioassay for protein production. |
| 651 | 7790090 | Following depletion of monocytes and B cells, B. abortus increased IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression in purified T cells compared with expression in unstimulated cells. |
| 652 | 7790090 | In contrast, no IL-5 mRNA expression and only transient low-level IL-4 mRNA expression and no IL-4 protein secretion were detected. |
| 653 | 7790090 | Both CD4+ and CD8+ populations produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 in response to B. abortus. |
| 654 | 7790090 | Human peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells express Th1-like cytokine mRNA and proteins following in vitro stimulation with heat-inactivated Brucella abortus. |
| 655 | 7790090 | Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5 induction was assayed by mRNA-specific PCR and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bioassay for protein production. |
| 656 | 7790090 | Following depletion of monocytes and B cells, B. abortus increased IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression in purified T cells compared with expression in unstimulated cells. |
| 657 | 7790090 | In contrast, no IL-5 mRNA expression and only transient low-level IL-4 mRNA expression and no IL-4 protein secretion were detected. |
| 658 | 7790090 | Both CD4+ and CD8+ populations produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 in response to B. abortus. |
| 659 | 7796670 | Th1 cells characteristically secrete interleukin 1 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) whereas Th2 cells produce mainly IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10. |
| 660 | 7796670 | The protective effect of the vaccine was augmented by administration of BRD509 carrying the genes encoding IL-2, IFN-gamma or tumour necrosis factor alpha. |
| 661 | 7796670 | Th1 cells characteristically secrete interleukin 1 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) whereas Th2 cells produce mainly IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10. |
| 662 | 7796670 | The protective effect of the vaccine was augmented by administration of BRD509 carrying the genes encoding IL-2, IFN-gamma or tumour necrosis factor alpha. |
| 663 | 7806429 | Upregulation of TH-1 helper cells and their actions with interleukins like IL-2, IL-12, and gamma IFN or antibodies to IL-4 and IL-10 may augment potently pathogen and tumor resistance. |
| 664 | 7806429 | Similarly, transfection of tumor target cells with genes for IL-2, IL-12, gamma IFN, etc., offers novel vaccine treatment approaches. |
| 665 | 7806429 | Upregulation of TH-1 helper cells and their actions with interleukins like IL-2, IL-12, and gamma IFN or antibodies to IL-4 and IL-10 may augment potently pathogen and tumor resistance. |
| 666 | 7806429 | Similarly, transfection of tumor target cells with genes for IL-2, IL-12, gamma IFN, etc., offers novel vaccine treatment approaches. |
| 667 | 7810061 | Natural killer cells were not the major cell type involved, but CD4+ lymphocytes themselves seemed to respond to IL-2 irrespective of the presence of antigen. |
| 668 | 7855624 | We also are studying two approaches for stimulating T-cells in tumor-conditioned hosts. (1) We have shown that IL-7 has potent costimulatory effects on T cells as well as some antitumor effects. (2) We are developing a comprehensive vaccine-type gene therapy approach whereby T cells and antigen-presenting dendritic cells are recruited through the use of antigen, chemokines and GM-CSF. |
| 669 | 7855624 | Studies are in progress to determine whether the activity of these recruited cells can then be potentiated by Renca or fibroblast transfectants that express T-cell costimulatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, or IL-12). |
| 670 | 7868269 | We have previously demonstrated that spleen cells from Brucella-infected mice produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in response to Brucella antigens in vitro, while spleen cells from mice immunized with soluble Brucella proteins (SBP) produced substantial amounts of IL-2 but no detectable amount of IFN-gamma. |
| 671 | 7868269 | In this study, we further analyzed the response of T cells from Brucella-infected mice and SBP-immunized mice and demonstrated that CD4(+)-enriched cells from SBP-immunized mice also produced significant amounts of IL-4, which was not detected in bulk cultures of spleen cells from infected mice. |
| 672 | 7868269 | Limiting dilution analysis showed that infection resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells and a lower precursor frequency of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells, while immunization with SBP resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IL-4-producing cells and a very low frequency of IFN-gamma-producing cells. |
| 673 | 7868269 | Furthermore, IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells from infected donor mice were capable of mediating resistance against challenge infection in recipient mice, but IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells from immunized mice failed to do so. |
| 674 | 7875746 | Recombinant L7/L12 ribosomal protein and gamma-irradiated Brucella abortus induce a T-helper 1 subset response from murine CD4+ T cells. |
| 675 | 7875746 | In addition to Ag-specific proliferation, CD4+ T cells were tested for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA expression and secretion. |
| 676 | 7875746 | The functional cytokine profile of the proliferating cells was typical of a Th1 cell phenotype, as we detected transcripts for IL-2 and IFN-gamma but not IL-4. |
| 677 | 7875746 | Recombinant L7/L12 ribosomal protein and gamma-irradiated Brucella abortus induce a T-helper 1 subset response from murine CD4+ T cells. |
| 678 | 7875746 | In addition to Ag-specific proliferation, CD4+ T cells were tested for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA expression and secretion. |
| 679 | 7875746 | The functional cytokine profile of the proliferating cells was typical of a Th1 cell phenotype, as we detected transcripts for IL-2 and IFN-gamma but not IL-4. |
| 680 | 7877154 | In addition, substantial levels of HIV antigen-specific IL-2 producing and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) producing cells were also observed in lymph node cells from vaccinated mice. |
| 681 | 7879420 | Spleen cells from the immunized mice produced significant levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma but no detectable IL-4 when cultured with leishmanial antigens in vitro. |
| 682 | 7881637 | Therapeutic effect of a vaccinia colon oncolysate prepared with interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene-encoded vaccinia virus (IL-2VCO) in combination with recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) was studied in a syngeneic murine CC-36 colon hepatic metastasis model. |
| 683 | 7881637 | The only treatment that produced a survival rate similar to the survival rate of IL-2VCO+IFN-alpha was VCO+IL-2 + IFN-alpha (survival rate was 67%). |
| 684 | 7881637 | The mechanism of the induction of antitumor response by the VCO+IL-2+IFN-alpha treatment was analyzed by measuring the direct cytotoxic activity of IFN-alpha on CC-36 tumor cells and by measuring the induction of cytolytic T-cell activity against CC-36 tumor cells. |
| 685 | 7881637 | It was found that the survival rate was affected in mice depleted with CD8-positive T cells and treated with IL-2VCO+IFN-alpha when compared to control mice which had no T-cell depletion and were treated with IL-2VCO+IFN-alpha. |
| 686 | 7881637 | This study suggests that the addition of IFN-alpha along with IL-2VCO increased the survival rate of mice having CC-36 hepatic metastases through the induction of CD8-positive T cells. |
| 687 | 7881637 | Therapeutic effect of a vaccinia colon oncolysate prepared with interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene-encoded vaccinia virus (IL-2VCO) in combination with recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) was studied in a syngeneic murine CC-36 colon hepatic metastasis model. |
| 688 | 7881637 | The only treatment that produced a survival rate similar to the survival rate of IL-2VCO+IFN-alpha was VCO+IL-2 + IFN-alpha (survival rate was 67%). |
| 689 | 7881637 | The mechanism of the induction of antitumor response by the VCO+IL-2+IFN-alpha treatment was analyzed by measuring the direct cytotoxic activity of IFN-alpha on CC-36 tumor cells and by measuring the induction of cytolytic T-cell activity against CC-36 tumor cells. |
| 690 | 7881637 | It was found that the survival rate was affected in mice depleted with CD8-positive T cells and treated with IL-2VCO+IFN-alpha when compared to control mice which had no T-cell depletion and were treated with IL-2VCO+IFN-alpha. |
| 691 | 7881637 | This study suggests that the addition of IFN-alpha along with IL-2VCO increased the survival rate of mice having CC-36 hepatic metastases through the induction of CD8-positive T cells. |
| 692 | 7881637 | Therapeutic effect of a vaccinia colon oncolysate prepared with interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene-encoded vaccinia virus (IL-2VCO) in combination with recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) was studied in a syngeneic murine CC-36 colon hepatic metastasis model. |
| 693 | 7881637 | The only treatment that produced a survival rate similar to the survival rate of IL-2VCO+IFN-alpha was VCO+IL-2 + IFN-alpha (survival rate was 67%). |
| 694 | 7881637 | The mechanism of the induction of antitumor response by the VCO+IL-2+IFN-alpha treatment was analyzed by measuring the direct cytotoxic activity of IFN-alpha on CC-36 tumor cells and by measuring the induction of cytolytic T-cell activity against CC-36 tumor cells. |
| 695 | 7881637 | It was found that the survival rate was affected in mice depleted with CD8-positive T cells and treated with IL-2VCO+IFN-alpha when compared to control mice which had no T-cell depletion and were treated with IL-2VCO+IFN-alpha. |
| 696 | 7881637 | This study suggests that the addition of IFN-alpha along with IL-2VCO increased the survival rate of mice having CC-36 hepatic metastases through the induction of CD8-positive T cells. |
| 697 | 7882382 | These cytokines include interleukins IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and also soluble intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1. |
| 698 | 7882559 | This study concerns the production of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) throughout the six weekly instillations which comprise a therapeutic course. |
| 699 | 7882559 | Sequential instillations of BCG induced secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and sICAM-1 into urine. |
| 700 | 7882559 | IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) could be detected after the first instillation, whilst others (e.g. |
| 701 | 7882559 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were not detected until after the third or fourth instillation. |
| 702 | 7882559 | This study concerns the production of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) throughout the six weekly instillations which comprise a therapeutic course. |
| 703 | 7882559 | Sequential instillations of BCG induced secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and sICAM-1 into urine. |
| 704 | 7882559 | IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) could be detected after the first instillation, whilst others (e.g. |
| 705 | 7882559 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were not detected until after the third or fourth instillation. |
| 706 | 7882559 | This study concerns the production of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) throughout the six weekly instillations which comprise a therapeutic course. |
| 707 | 7882559 | Sequential instillations of BCG induced secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and sICAM-1 into urine. |
| 708 | 7882559 | IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) could be detected after the first instillation, whilst others (e.g. |
| 709 | 7882559 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were not detected until after the third or fourth instillation. |
| 710 | 7897222 | Using a receptor-mediated, adenovirus-augmented gene delivery system (transferrinfection) we have shown that, upon transfection with an IL-2 gene construct, MHC class I+/class II- murine M-3 cells lose their tumorigenicity in both athymic and euthymic mice. |
| 711 | 7897222 | Transfer of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells led to only partial protection against challenge with wild-type M-3 cells. |
| 712 | 7897222 | Our further observations that T cell-enriched, but not T cell-depleted splenocytes of immunized animals are capable of tumor-specific lytic activity and that this activity resides in the CD8+ cell population are compatible with the assumption that MHC class I-restricted T cell cytotoxicity is a biologically relevant effector mechanism in this model. |
| 713 | 7901150 | This is recognized by immune CD4 T cells which function as essential helper cells in the generation of the CD8 CTL response. |
| 714 | 7901150 | The existence of two types of cognate T cell responses in a syngeneic anti-tumour response was directly proved by the establishment of two types of tumour specific T cell lines which required as co-stimulator either MHC class II positive APC or IL-2. |
| 715 | 7901150 | The generation of the tumour specific CTL response could be blocked by monoclonal antibodies against all the molecules involved in the cognate interactions (i.e. class I MHC, CD8, class II MHC, CD4 and TCR) but not by anti-CD2 or anti-IgG. |
| 716 | 7901150 | The strict requirement for helper cells and APC could be bypassed by the addition of recombinant IL-2 but optimal triggering of CD8 CTL-precursor required viable tumour stimulator cells. |
| 717 | 7901150 | This well characterized in vitro assay may be useful (i) for monitoring the immune status of CD4 and CD8 immune T cells separately, for instance of tumour bearing and/or treated animals and (ii) for the development and testing of potent tumour cell vaccines with T cell stimulatory and/or co-stimulatory activities. |
| 718 | 7901150 | This is recognized by immune CD4 T cells which function as essential helper cells in the generation of the CD8 CTL response. |
| 719 | 7901150 | The existence of two types of cognate T cell responses in a syngeneic anti-tumour response was directly proved by the establishment of two types of tumour specific T cell lines which required as co-stimulator either MHC class II positive APC or IL-2. |
| 720 | 7901150 | The generation of the tumour specific CTL response could be blocked by monoclonal antibodies against all the molecules involved in the cognate interactions (i.e. class I MHC, CD8, class II MHC, CD4 and TCR) but not by anti-CD2 or anti-IgG. |
| 721 | 7901150 | The strict requirement for helper cells and APC could be bypassed by the addition of recombinant IL-2 but optimal triggering of CD8 CTL-precursor required viable tumour stimulator cells. |
| 722 | 7901150 | This well characterized in vitro assay may be useful (i) for monitoring the immune status of CD4 and CD8 immune T cells separately, for instance of tumour bearing and/or treated animals and (ii) for the development and testing of potent tumour cell vaccines with T cell stimulatory and/or co-stimulatory activities. |
| 723 | 7902215 | In vitro synthesis of IL-4 by human CD4+ T cells requires repeated antigenic stimulation. |
| 724 | 7902215 | Although Th2 helper cell clones produce IL-4 and IL-5, CD4+ T cells taken fresh from lymphoid organs of mice produce IL-2 and some IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 725 | 7902215 | The exact parameters that enhance the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, and particularly IL-10 from resting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is not yet clear. |
| 726 | 7902215 | We therefore examined the kinetics of, and the parameters that affect, the development of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production in bulk populations of antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells. |
| 727 | 7902215 | We demonstrated that in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with antigen (tetanus toxoid or a viral antigen, Varicella zoster) for several days resulted in the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 728 | 7902215 | Furthermore, we observed that human CD4+ T cells from either allergic or nonallergic individuals failed to produce significant quantities of IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 even after several rounds of stimulation with soluble protein (nonallergen) antigens such as tetanus toxoid or Var. z. |
| 729 | 7902215 | In addition, substantial quantities of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were produced by CD4+ T cells from allergic subjects in the absence of exogenous IL-4, but only after two stimulations in vitro with allergens such as rye grass pollen or dust mite allergen. |
| 730 | 7902215 | These results indicate that the development of IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis occurs in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in a stepwise fashion, first with the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and later with the production of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 731 | 7902215 | In vitro synthesis of IL-4 by human CD4+ T cells requires repeated antigenic stimulation. |
| 732 | 7902215 | Although Th2 helper cell clones produce IL-4 and IL-5, CD4+ T cells taken fresh from lymphoid organs of mice produce IL-2 and some IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 733 | 7902215 | The exact parameters that enhance the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, and particularly IL-10 from resting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is not yet clear. |
| 734 | 7902215 | We therefore examined the kinetics of, and the parameters that affect, the development of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production in bulk populations of antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells. |
| 735 | 7902215 | We demonstrated that in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with antigen (tetanus toxoid or a viral antigen, Varicella zoster) for several days resulted in the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 736 | 7902215 | Furthermore, we observed that human CD4+ T cells from either allergic or nonallergic individuals failed to produce significant quantities of IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 even after several rounds of stimulation with soluble protein (nonallergen) antigens such as tetanus toxoid or Var. z. |
| 737 | 7902215 | In addition, substantial quantities of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were produced by CD4+ T cells from allergic subjects in the absence of exogenous IL-4, but only after two stimulations in vitro with allergens such as rye grass pollen or dust mite allergen. |
| 738 | 7902215 | These results indicate that the development of IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis occurs in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in a stepwise fashion, first with the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and later with the production of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 739 | 7902215 | In vitro synthesis of IL-4 by human CD4+ T cells requires repeated antigenic stimulation. |
| 740 | 7902215 | Although Th2 helper cell clones produce IL-4 and IL-5, CD4+ T cells taken fresh from lymphoid organs of mice produce IL-2 and some IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 741 | 7902215 | The exact parameters that enhance the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, and particularly IL-10 from resting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is not yet clear. |
| 742 | 7902215 | We therefore examined the kinetics of, and the parameters that affect, the development of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production in bulk populations of antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells. |
| 743 | 7902215 | We demonstrated that in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with antigen (tetanus toxoid or a viral antigen, Varicella zoster) for several days resulted in the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 744 | 7902215 | Furthermore, we observed that human CD4+ T cells from either allergic or nonallergic individuals failed to produce significant quantities of IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 even after several rounds of stimulation with soluble protein (nonallergen) antigens such as tetanus toxoid or Var. z. |
| 745 | 7902215 | In addition, substantial quantities of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were produced by CD4+ T cells from allergic subjects in the absence of exogenous IL-4, but only after two stimulations in vitro with allergens such as rye grass pollen or dust mite allergen. |
| 746 | 7902215 | These results indicate that the development of IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis occurs in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in a stepwise fashion, first with the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and later with the production of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 747 | 7910675 | We have found that the cause of the blunted response to HBV vaccination is multifactorial and seems to be associated with the following: (1) A reduced number of TCR/CD3 antigen receptor complexes on freshly isolated uraemic CD4 T cells, especially in non-responders. (2) The blunted proliferative response of uraemic CD4 T cells isolated from non-responders and stimulated for 6 days by autologous monocytes presenting HBsAg was associated with the decreased density of the TCR/CD3 receptors. (3) Moreover, in uraemic non-responders the expression of adhesion and accessory molecules on monocytes (intercellular adhesion molecule-1/ICAM-1, HLA-DR/Ia/) was significantly decreased following the culture with autologous monocytes serving as HBsAg-presenting cells. |
| 748 | 7910675 | CD4 molecules and lymphocyte function antigen-1 beta/LFA-1 beta/ on helper-inducer T cells were increased before and after the culture. (4) These findings were also associated with a diminished binding capacity of IL-1 beta and IL-6 to their receptors on helper-inducer T cells. (5) IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production was decreased in uraemic non-responders, especially after 72 h of the culture. (6) Inhibited proliferation of helper-inducer T cells in uraemic non-responders was only partially reversible in the presence of exogenous IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-2 and IFN-gamma. (7) HLA typing of uraemic non-responders was associated with extended haplotype: HLA A1,B8,DR3,DR7,DQ2. |
| 749 | 7923243 | The median fraction of cells that were T cells in post-vaccine tumors was 41%, as compared with 9% in pre-treatment tumors, and those T cells were predominantly CD8+ (mean CD8/CD4 ratio = 5.0). |
| 750 | 7923243 | These changes were not accompanied by increased cell-surface expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors, either CD25 or p75, which were expressed by 1%-2% and 12% of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), respectively. |
| 751 | 7930566 | Finally, the inhibitory effect induced by rolipram is independent of its stereochemistry and cannot be exclusively attributed to deficits in IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 752 | 7930610 | Pooled mouse sera were analyzed by ELISA at various times after immunization for IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 753 | 7930610 | In naive mice, vaccine alone induced low levels of IL-3 and IL-5 only; vaccine plus alum induced a low IL-6 response as well. |
| 754 | 7930610 | The MF59-based adjuvants significantly increased the IL-5 and IL-6 levels, whereas Quil A LTC induced strong IFN-gamma and measurable IL-2 responses, in addition to moderate IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 755 | 7930610 | In previously infected mice, MF59 and MF59/MTP-PE were capable of generating IFN-gamma responses, as well as IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 756 | 7930610 | Pooled mouse sera were analyzed by ELISA at various times after immunization for IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 757 | 7930610 | In naive mice, vaccine alone induced low levels of IL-3 and IL-5 only; vaccine plus alum induced a low IL-6 response as well. |
| 758 | 7930610 | The MF59-based adjuvants significantly increased the IL-5 and IL-6 levels, whereas Quil A LTC induced strong IFN-gamma and measurable IL-2 responses, in addition to moderate IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 759 | 7930610 | In previously infected mice, MF59 and MF59/MTP-PE were capable of generating IFN-gamma responses, as well as IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 760 | 7954527 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were detected at markedly high levels at 24 h, and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was detected at 120 h. |
| 761 | 7954527 | IL-2 and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor were not detected. |
| 762 | 7963714 | PBMC from 22 subjects previously infected with RSV usually had RSV-specific increases in TH1 cytokine-specific mRNA (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] mRNA, 20; interleukin [IL]-2 mRNA, 12; IL-5 mRNA, 6; and IL-4 mRNA, 0). |
| 763 | 7963714 | PBMC from RSV antibody-negative children had no RSV-specific increases in IFN-gamma, IL-2, or IL-4 mRNA; 1 of 7 had an increase in IL-5 mRNA. |
| 764 | 7963714 | PBMC from 22 subjects previously infected with RSV usually had RSV-specific increases in TH1 cytokine-specific mRNA (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] mRNA, 20; interleukin [IL]-2 mRNA, 12; IL-5 mRNA, 6; and IL-4 mRNA, 0). |
| 765 | 7963714 | PBMC from RSV antibody-negative children had no RSV-specific increases in IFN-gamma, IL-2, or IL-4 mRNA; 1 of 7 had an increase in IL-5 mRNA. |
| 766 | 7963713 | Mice transgenic for beta 2-microglobulin deletion (beta 2M-/-) were immunized intranasally with either a recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed both nucleoprotein and interleukin-2 or by infection with H3N2 influenza virus; 3-4 weeks later they were challenged with H1N1 influenza virus. |
| 767 | 7975832 | The CD4+ T cells isolated from PP and SP of mice orally immunized with CT were stimulated in vitro with CT-B-coated latex microspheres for 1-6 days, and the induction of IL-2 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) (Th1-type) or IL-4 and IL-5 (Th2-type) producing SFCs were analysed by a cytokine-specific ELISPOT and cytokine-specific mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR assays. |
| 768 | 7983727 | Local expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 correlates with protection against corneal scarring after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1. |
| 769 | 7983727 | Infiltration into the cornea of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and cells containing various lymphokines was monitored on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 10 postchallenge by immunocytochemistry of corneal sections. |
| 770 | 7983727 | In response to the ocular challenge, these mice developed high local levels of infiltrating CD4+ T cells and cells containing interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 771 | 7983727 | In contrast, only low levels of infiltrating CD8+ T cells were found, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-containing cells were not present until day 10. gE-vaccinated mice developed neutralizing antibody titers in serum almost as high as those of the KOS-vaccinated mice (> 1:320). |
| 772 | 7983727 | Compared with KOS-vaccinated mice, the gE-vaccinated mice had a similar pattern of IFN-gamma, but a delay in the appearance of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and IL-4-, IL-6-, and TNF-alpha-containing cells. |
| 773 | 7983727 | Local expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 correlates with protection against corneal scarring after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1. |
| 774 | 7983727 | Infiltration into the cornea of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and cells containing various lymphokines was monitored on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 10 postchallenge by immunocytochemistry of corneal sections. |
| 775 | 7983727 | In response to the ocular challenge, these mice developed high local levels of infiltrating CD4+ T cells and cells containing interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 776 | 7983727 | In contrast, only low levels of infiltrating CD8+ T cells were found, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-containing cells were not present until day 10. gE-vaccinated mice developed neutralizing antibody titers in serum almost as high as those of the KOS-vaccinated mice (> 1:320). |
| 777 | 7983727 | Compared with KOS-vaccinated mice, the gE-vaccinated mice had a similar pattern of IFN-gamma, but a delay in the appearance of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and IL-4-, IL-6-, and TNF-alpha-containing cells. |
| 778 | 7990015 | Gingival cell IL-2 and IL-4 in early-onset periodontitis. |
| 779 | 7990015 | The purpose of this study was to compare, using cell blot analysis, the association of gingival tissue mononuclear cells (GTMC) isolated from lesions displaying histories of early-onset periodontitis (EOP; typically B-lymphocyte dominated) and gingivitis (typically T-lymphocyte dominated) with the B-cell stimulating cytokine, interleukin (IL)-4, and the T-cell stimulating cytokine, IL-2. |
| 780 | 7990015 | Membranes were treated with monoclonal anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-4, followed by a biotin-conjugated second layer, streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-phosphate (NBT/BCIP) color development. |
| 781 | 7990015 | Gingival cell IL-2 and IL-4 in early-onset periodontitis. |
| 782 | 7990015 | The purpose of this study was to compare, using cell blot analysis, the association of gingival tissue mononuclear cells (GTMC) isolated from lesions displaying histories of early-onset periodontitis (EOP; typically B-lymphocyte dominated) and gingivitis (typically T-lymphocyte dominated) with the B-cell stimulating cytokine, interleukin (IL)-4, and the T-cell stimulating cytokine, IL-2. |
| 783 | 7990015 | Membranes were treated with monoclonal anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-4, followed by a biotin-conjugated second layer, streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-phosphate (NBT/BCIP) color development. |
| 784 | 7990015 | Gingival cell IL-2 and IL-4 in early-onset periodontitis. |
| 785 | 7990015 | The purpose of this study was to compare, using cell blot analysis, the association of gingival tissue mononuclear cells (GTMC) isolated from lesions displaying histories of early-onset periodontitis (EOP; typically B-lymphocyte dominated) and gingivitis (typically T-lymphocyte dominated) with the B-cell stimulating cytokine, interleukin (IL)-4, and the T-cell stimulating cytokine, IL-2. |
| 786 | 7990015 | Membranes were treated with monoclonal anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-4, followed by a biotin-conjugated second layer, streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-phosphate (NBT/BCIP) color development. |
| 787 | 7997190 | Our results show that all T cells reactive with bacteria produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but no interleukin (IL)-4 and no or very little IL-2 and IL-10 and, thus, belong to the Th1 subset, while T cells reactive with tetanus toxoid or Anisakis belong to the Th0 subset with production of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha. |
| 788 | 8012975 | In this study we have compared the effectiveness of several cytokines and found that while IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and gamma-interferon were only weakly effective in the therapeutic vaccination protocol, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was almost as effective as but not superior to IL-2, as reported previously for another tumor model system. |
| 789 | 8013962 | High responders displayed a typical Th1-like profile since their PBMC produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (IFN gamma) and no detectable IL-4 or IL-5 upon stimulation with HBsAg. |
| 790 | 8035532 | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge of formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice is abrogated by depletion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10. |
| 791 | 8035532 | In the present studies, we sought to determine the relative contributions of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 to the lymphocytic infiltration into the lungs observed following RSV challenge of mice previously immunized with FI-RSV. |
| 792 | 8035532 | Mice previously immunized with FI-RSV or infected with RSV were depleted of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-10 immediately before RSV challenge, and the magnitude of inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels was quantified. |
| 793 | 8035532 | Simultaneous depletion of both IL-4 and IL-10 completely abrogated pulmonary histopathology in FI-RSV-immunized mice. |
| 794 | 8035532 | Depletion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, or both together had no effect on the observed histopathology. |
| 795 | 8035532 | These data indicate that FI-RSV immunization primes for a Th2-, IL-4-, and IL-10-dependent inflammatory response to subsequent RSV infection. |
| 796 | 8035532 | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge of formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice is abrogated by depletion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10. |
| 797 | 8035532 | In the present studies, we sought to determine the relative contributions of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 to the lymphocytic infiltration into the lungs observed following RSV challenge of mice previously immunized with FI-RSV. |
| 798 | 8035532 | Mice previously immunized with FI-RSV or infected with RSV were depleted of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-10 immediately before RSV challenge, and the magnitude of inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels was quantified. |
| 799 | 8035532 | Simultaneous depletion of both IL-4 and IL-10 completely abrogated pulmonary histopathology in FI-RSV-immunized mice. |
| 800 | 8035532 | Depletion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, or both together had no effect on the observed histopathology. |
| 801 | 8035532 | These data indicate that FI-RSV immunization primes for a Th2-, IL-4-, and IL-10-dependent inflammatory response to subsequent RSV infection. |
| 802 | 8035532 | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge of formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice is abrogated by depletion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10. |
| 803 | 8035532 | In the present studies, we sought to determine the relative contributions of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 to the lymphocytic infiltration into the lungs observed following RSV challenge of mice previously immunized with FI-RSV. |
| 804 | 8035532 | Mice previously immunized with FI-RSV or infected with RSV were depleted of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-10 immediately before RSV challenge, and the magnitude of inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels was quantified. |
| 805 | 8035532 | Simultaneous depletion of both IL-4 and IL-10 completely abrogated pulmonary histopathology in FI-RSV-immunized mice. |
| 806 | 8035532 | Depletion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, or both together had no effect on the observed histopathology. |
| 807 | 8035532 | These data indicate that FI-RSV immunization primes for a Th2-, IL-4-, and IL-10-dependent inflammatory response to subsequent RSV infection. |
| 808 | 8056039 | Two patterns of cytokine synthesis were induced by TT: (i) T lymphocytes expressed a number of lymphokines (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta), each with distinct kinetics of synthesis. |
| 809 | 8056039 | Cells producing IL-2, IFN-gamma and particularly TNF-beta dominated this in vitro response. |
| 810 | 8056039 | The addition of IL-2 to the cultures caused a fourfold increase and a kinetics shift in the production of TNF-beta, which peaked already at 24 h. |
| 811 | 8056039 | Exogenously added IL-2 also caused a five- to tenfold increase in the number of IL-2 and IFN-gamma producers but no apparent change in the kinetics of intracellular lymphokine appearance. |
| 812 | 8056039 | (ii) The cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were produced by monocytes. |
| 813 | 8056039 | Two patterns of cytokine synthesis were induced by TT: (i) T lymphocytes expressed a number of lymphokines (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta), each with distinct kinetics of synthesis. |
| 814 | 8056039 | Cells producing IL-2, IFN-gamma and particularly TNF-beta dominated this in vitro response. |
| 815 | 8056039 | The addition of IL-2 to the cultures caused a fourfold increase and a kinetics shift in the production of TNF-beta, which peaked already at 24 h. |
| 816 | 8056039 | Exogenously added IL-2 also caused a five- to tenfold increase in the number of IL-2 and IFN-gamma producers but no apparent change in the kinetics of intracellular lymphokine appearance. |
| 817 | 8056039 | (ii) The cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were produced by monocytes. |
| 818 | 8056039 | Two patterns of cytokine synthesis were induced by TT: (i) T lymphocytes expressed a number of lymphokines (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta), each with distinct kinetics of synthesis. |
| 819 | 8056039 | Cells producing IL-2, IFN-gamma and particularly TNF-beta dominated this in vitro response. |
| 820 | 8056039 | The addition of IL-2 to the cultures caused a fourfold increase and a kinetics shift in the production of TNF-beta, which peaked already at 24 h. |
| 821 | 8056039 | Exogenously added IL-2 also caused a five- to tenfold increase in the number of IL-2 and IFN-gamma producers but no apparent change in the kinetics of intracellular lymphokine appearance. |
| 822 | 8056039 | (ii) The cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were produced by monocytes. |
| 823 | 8056039 | Two patterns of cytokine synthesis were induced by TT: (i) T lymphocytes expressed a number of lymphokines (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta), each with distinct kinetics of synthesis. |
| 824 | 8056039 | Cells producing IL-2, IFN-gamma and particularly TNF-beta dominated this in vitro response. |
| 825 | 8056039 | The addition of IL-2 to the cultures caused a fourfold increase and a kinetics shift in the production of TNF-beta, which peaked already at 24 h. |
| 826 | 8056039 | Exogenously added IL-2 also caused a five- to tenfold increase in the number of IL-2 and IFN-gamma producers but no apparent change in the kinetics of intracellular lymphokine appearance. |
| 827 | 8056039 | (ii) The cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were produced by monocytes. |
| 828 | 8087858 | House dust mite-responsive human T cells require both interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 4 for optimal proliferation, whereas IL2 alone is sufficient for proliferation of tetanus toxoid-responsive T cells. |
| 829 | 8087858 | Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured with either house dust mite (HDM) or tetanus toxoid under limiting dilution conditions with interleukin 2 (IL2) alone or IL2+IL4. |
| 830 | 8087858 | The combination of IL2+IL4 resulted in the highest proportion of responding HDM-specific T cells. |
| 831 | 8087858 | These HDM and Der pI responsive cells were found to be CD4+CD8-. |
| 832 | 8087858 | House dust mite-responsive human T cells require both interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 4 for optimal proliferation, whereas IL2 alone is sufficient for proliferation of tetanus toxoid-responsive T cells. |
| 833 | 8087858 | Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured with either house dust mite (HDM) or tetanus toxoid under limiting dilution conditions with interleukin 2 (IL2) alone or IL2+IL4. |
| 834 | 8087858 | The combination of IL2+IL4 resulted in the highest proportion of responding HDM-specific T cells. |
| 835 | 8087858 | These HDM and Der pI responsive cells were found to be CD4+CD8-. |
| 836 | 8087858 | House dust mite-responsive human T cells require both interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 4 for optimal proliferation, whereas IL2 alone is sufficient for proliferation of tetanus toxoid-responsive T cells. |
| 837 | 8087858 | Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured with either house dust mite (HDM) or tetanus toxoid under limiting dilution conditions with interleukin 2 (IL2) alone or IL2+IL4. |
| 838 | 8087858 | The combination of IL2+IL4 resulted in the highest proportion of responding HDM-specific T cells. |
| 839 | 8087858 | These HDM and Der pI responsive cells were found to be CD4+CD8-. |
| 840 | 8093707 | Elevated serum IgG1, IgA, and IgE responses, weak or absent footpad reactions, sustained production in vitro of Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) but not Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) cytokines by CD4+ cells, and eosinophilia were all detected in DBA/2 mice after infection with the attenuated vaccine. |
| 841 | 8094096 | We also detected cytokines in the skin lesions: (1) interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor alpha were strongly positive in all patients with acute Kawasaki disease, (2) interleukin-2 and interferon gamma were weakly or partially positive, (3) no cytokines were detected in the convalescent phase, and (4) the amounts of cytokines at the site of BCG vaccine inoculations were larger than those at the site of the polymorphous exanthem. |
| 842 | 8094096 | These findings suggest that CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD13+ macrophages are activated and interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor alpha may be involved in the pathogenesis of the inflammation of acute Kawasaki disease. |
| 843 | 8096062 | Vaccination of mice with the protective F3G3 antigen of Toxoplasma gondii activates CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells and induces Toxoplasma specific IgG antibody. |
| 844 | 8096062 | CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells from immune animals proliferated and produced IL-2 upon restimulation with either Toxoplasma sonicate or F3G3-Ag in vitro. |
| 845 | 8096062 | Taken together the results show that the cytoplasmic F3G3-Ag of T. gondii induces CD4+ T helper cells, Toxoplasma specific IgG antibodies and long term protection against Toxoplasma infection, but does not induce detectable sensitization of the CD8+ T cell compartment. |
| 846 | 8096699 | This hypothesis is based on the authors' findings that: (1) progression to AIDS is characterized by loss of IL-2- and IFN-gamma production concomitant with increases in IL-4 and IL-10; and (2) many seronegative, HIV-exposed individuals generate strong TH1-type responses to HIV antigens. |
| 847 | 8097759 | An HIV-1 envelope protein vaccine elicits a functionally complex human CD4+ T cell response that includes cytolytic T lymphocytes. |
| 848 | 8097759 | Antibody blocking and single cell cloning experiments demonstrated that the vaccine-induced cytolytic activity was mediated by CD4+, MHC class II-restricted T cells. |
| 849 | 8097759 | Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies revealed that the CD4+ CTL response was regulated in a complex manner and was not clearly correlated with MHC class II genotype, Ag dose, or number of immunizations. |
| 850 | 8097759 | Analysis of cytokine secretion by gp160-specific CD4+ T cell clones revealed Th0-, Th1-, and Th2-like patterns, with CD4+ CTL clones showing Th0- or T'1-like patterns. |
| 851 | 8097759 | Interestingly, many Th0- and Th1-like CTL clones produced very little IL-2, a finding that may explain the complicated regulation of this response. |
| 852 | 8102828 | Evidence for the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein as a growth inhibitor to CD4+ T lymphocytes and for the blocking of the Nef function by anti-Nef antibodies. |
| 853 | 8102828 | To examine the functional role of HIV-1 Nef protein on the marked loss of CD4+ cells, Nef protein was expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with T7 phage gene10 product (Nef-gene10). |
| 854 | 8102828 | When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were cultivated in the presence of Nef-gene10 or the gene10 product as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2), it was found that the Nef-gene10, but not the gene10 product, induced a remarkable decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio and in the response to phytohaemagglutinin of PBMC as well as of nylon wool-passed purified T cells. |
| 855 | 8102828 | This suppression of the IL-2-dependent proliferation of CD4+ cells by Nef-gene10 seemed to be due to enhanced production of several lymphokines, especially of interferon-gamma. |
| 856 | 8102828 | Thus, Nef protein might be partly responsible for the selective depletion of CD4+ cells in HIV-1 infection. |
| 857 | 8102828 | Furthermore, the Nef-induced decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio was interrupted by anti-Nef antibodies, suggesting the possibility that a vaccine which resulted in the production of such functional Nef antibodies would be useful in the treatment of HIV-1-induced immunodysfunction. |
| 858 | 8102828 | Evidence for the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein as a growth inhibitor to CD4+ T lymphocytes and for the blocking of the Nef function by anti-Nef antibodies. |
| 859 | 8102828 | To examine the functional role of HIV-1 Nef protein on the marked loss of CD4+ cells, Nef protein was expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with T7 phage gene10 product (Nef-gene10). |
| 860 | 8102828 | When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were cultivated in the presence of Nef-gene10 or the gene10 product as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2), it was found that the Nef-gene10, but not the gene10 product, induced a remarkable decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio and in the response to phytohaemagglutinin of PBMC as well as of nylon wool-passed purified T cells. |
| 861 | 8102828 | This suppression of the IL-2-dependent proliferation of CD4+ cells by Nef-gene10 seemed to be due to enhanced production of several lymphokines, especially of interferon-gamma. |
| 862 | 8102828 | Thus, Nef protein might be partly responsible for the selective depletion of CD4+ cells in HIV-1 infection. |
| 863 | 8102828 | Furthermore, the Nef-induced decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio was interrupted by anti-Nef antibodies, suggesting the possibility that a vaccine which resulted in the production of such functional Nef antibodies would be useful in the treatment of HIV-1-induced immunodysfunction. |
| 864 | 8103069 | Neither does injection of exogenous IL-2 compensate for the absence of CD4+ cells. |
| 865 | 8103069 | Mice immunized while depleted of CD4+ cells have normal numbers of CD8+ T cells infiltrating their livers. |
| 866 | 8103069 | Thus, it appears that although CD8+ cells have been activated in the absence of CD4+ cells, they cannot protect mice against malaria. |
| 867 | 8103069 | We conclude that a successful vaccine against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria must activate both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 868 | 8113740 | Modulation of antiviral immune responses by exogenous cytokines: effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma on the immunogenicity of an inactivated rabies vaccine. |
| 869 | 8113740 | We investigated the effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the immune response elicited by inactivated rabies virus vaccine in a mouse model. |
| 870 | 8113740 | A single dose of 1.3 ng TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha, when injected shortly before vaccination, only marginally stimulated resistance to challenge infection (four- and seven-fold, respectively) without enhancing virus neutralizing antibody (VNAb) responses. |
| 871 | 8113740 | In contrast, a single injection of 10(3) units of IFN-gamma or five daily injections of 1.6 micrograms IL-2 increased vaccine dilutions protecting 50% of mice (PD50 values) 77- to 50-fold, respectively, with a concomitant enhancement of VNAb. |
| 872 | 8113740 | At a 1:10,000 dilution of a standard inactivated rabies vaccine preparation both IFN-gamma and IL-2 increased protective immunity without enhancing VNAb responses; in non-vaccinated animals this treatment had no effect on resistance to challenge. |
| 873 | 8113740 | Combined administration of IFN-gamma and IL-2 synergistically enhanced VNAb responses. |
| 874 | 8113740 | Modulation of antiviral immune responses by exogenous cytokines: effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma on the immunogenicity of an inactivated rabies vaccine. |
| 875 | 8113740 | We investigated the effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the immune response elicited by inactivated rabies virus vaccine in a mouse model. |
| 876 | 8113740 | A single dose of 1.3 ng TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha, when injected shortly before vaccination, only marginally stimulated resistance to challenge infection (four- and seven-fold, respectively) without enhancing virus neutralizing antibody (VNAb) responses. |
| 877 | 8113740 | In contrast, a single injection of 10(3) units of IFN-gamma or five daily injections of 1.6 micrograms IL-2 increased vaccine dilutions protecting 50% of mice (PD50 values) 77- to 50-fold, respectively, with a concomitant enhancement of VNAb. |
| 878 | 8113740 | At a 1:10,000 dilution of a standard inactivated rabies vaccine preparation both IFN-gamma and IL-2 increased protective immunity without enhancing VNAb responses; in non-vaccinated animals this treatment had no effect on resistance to challenge. |
| 879 | 8113740 | Combined administration of IFN-gamma and IL-2 synergistically enhanced VNAb responses. |
| 880 | 8113740 | Modulation of antiviral immune responses by exogenous cytokines: effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma on the immunogenicity of an inactivated rabies vaccine. |
| 881 | 8113740 | We investigated the effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the immune response elicited by inactivated rabies virus vaccine in a mouse model. |
| 882 | 8113740 | A single dose of 1.3 ng TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha, when injected shortly before vaccination, only marginally stimulated resistance to challenge infection (four- and seven-fold, respectively) without enhancing virus neutralizing antibody (VNAb) responses. |
| 883 | 8113740 | In contrast, a single injection of 10(3) units of IFN-gamma or five daily injections of 1.6 micrograms IL-2 increased vaccine dilutions protecting 50% of mice (PD50 values) 77- to 50-fold, respectively, with a concomitant enhancement of VNAb. |
| 884 | 8113740 | At a 1:10,000 dilution of a standard inactivated rabies vaccine preparation both IFN-gamma and IL-2 increased protective immunity without enhancing VNAb responses; in non-vaccinated animals this treatment had no effect on resistance to challenge. |
| 885 | 8113740 | Combined administration of IFN-gamma and IL-2 synergistically enhanced VNAb responses. |
| 886 | 8113740 | Modulation of antiviral immune responses by exogenous cytokines: effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma on the immunogenicity of an inactivated rabies vaccine. |
| 887 | 8113740 | We investigated the effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the immune response elicited by inactivated rabies virus vaccine in a mouse model. |
| 888 | 8113740 | A single dose of 1.3 ng TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha, when injected shortly before vaccination, only marginally stimulated resistance to challenge infection (four- and seven-fold, respectively) without enhancing virus neutralizing antibody (VNAb) responses. |
| 889 | 8113740 | In contrast, a single injection of 10(3) units of IFN-gamma or five daily injections of 1.6 micrograms IL-2 increased vaccine dilutions protecting 50% of mice (PD50 values) 77- to 50-fold, respectively, with a concomitant enhancement of VNAb. |
| 890 | 8113740 | At a 1:10,000 dilution of a standard inactivated rabies vaccine preparation both IFN-gamma and IL-2 increased protective immunity without enhancing VNAb responses; in non-vaccinated animals this treatment had no effect on resistance to challenge. |
| 891 | 8113740 | Combined administration of IFN-gamma and IL-2 synergistically enhanced VNAb responses. |
| 892 | 8113740 | Modulation of antiviral immune responses by exogenous cytokines: effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma on the immunogenicity of an inactivated rabies vaccine. |
| 893 | 8113740 | We investigated the effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the immune response elicited by inactivated rabies virus vaccine in a mouse model. |
| 894 | 8113740 | A single dose of 1.3 ng TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha, when injected shortly before vaccination, only marginally stimulated resistance to challenge infection (four- and seven-fold, respectively) without enhancing virus neutralizing antibody (VNAb) responses. |
| 895 | 8113740 | In contrast, a single injection of 10(3) units of IFN-gamma or five daily injections of 1.6 micrograms IL-2 increased vaccine dilutions protecting 50% of mice (PD50 values) 77- to 50-fold, respectively, with a concomitant enhancement of VNAb. |
| 896 | 8113740 | At a 1:10,000 dilution of a standard inactivated rabies vaccine preparation both IFN-gamma and IL-2 increased protective immunity without enhancing VNAb responses; in non-vaccinated animals this treatment had no effect on resistance to challenge. |
| 897 | 8113740 | Combined administration of IFN-gamma and IL-2 synergistically enhanced VNAb responses. |
| 898 | 8116114 | Detection of urinary interleukin-2, interleukin-2 receptor, and tumor necrosis factor levels in patients with superficial bladder tumors after intravesical BCG immunotherapy. |
| 899 | 8118800 | Lymphocytes from 2 of 5 mice had interleukin 2/interleukin 4 release in response to CEA. |
| 900 | 8126987 | As for the cytokines, interleukin-2, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor have very strong antimycobacterial activity. |
| 901 | 8136944 | We now report enhanced resistance in nonimmunized mice to murine EL4 thymoma cells, producing murine IL-2 following gene transfer (EL4pIL-2). |
| 902 | 8142603 | Data suggest that although the EIA kits that were evaluated for human IL-1 alpha, IFN-gamma, and TNF-beta failed, the EIA kits for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, the bioassays and RT-PCR assays for each of the cytokines were successful in detection and most likely quantitation of the non-human primate cytokine homologues. |
| 903 | 8149665 | CD40 ligand and IL-2) for B cell survival and progression to immunoglobulin secretion. |
| 904 | 8167712 | Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) display aberrant IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA levels. |
| 905 | 8170078 | [A study of the mechanism of action of BCG against transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder--the change of TNF-alpha and IL-2 in the serum and urine]. |
| 906 | 8170078 | To study the mechanism of action of BCG against transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder from the immunological standpoint, we observed time-course changes in the serum and urine levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) before and after an intravesical BCG instillation in 16 patients with superficialis transitional cell carcinoma. |
| 907 | 8170078 | Thus, the present study failed to demonstrate the involvement of a direct action of TNF-alpha, activation of immunological cells by IL-2 or its direct action as an anti-tumor effect of intravesical instillation of BCG. |
| 908 | 8170078 | [A study of the mechanism of action of BCG against transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder--the change of TNF-alpha and IL-2 in the serum and urine]. |
| 909 | 8170078 | To study the mechanism of action of BCG against transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder from the immunological standpoint, we observed time-course changes in the serum and urine levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) before and after an intravesical BCG instillation in 16 patients with superficialis transitional cell carcinoma. |
| 910 | 8170078 | Thus, the present study failed to demonstrate the involvement of a direct action of TNF-alpha, activation of immunological cells by IL-2 or its direct action as an anti-tumor effect of intravesical instillation of BCG. |
| 911 | 8170078 | [A study of the mechanism of action of BCG against transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder--the change of TNF-alpha and IL-2 in the serum and urine]. |
| 912 | 8170078 | To study the mechanism of action of BCG against transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder from the immunological standpoint, we observed time-course changes in the serum and urine levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) before and after an intravesical BCG instillation in 16 patients with superficialis transitional cell carcinoma. |
| 913 | 8170078 | Thus, the present study failed to demonstrate the involvement of a direct action of TNF-alpha, activation of immunological cells by IL-2 or its direct action as an anti-tumor effect of intravesical instillation of BCG. |
| 914 | 8171765 | Albumin and the cytokines interleukin (IL)1 beta, IL2, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) were determined in urine from 20 patients treated with 6 weekly intravesical BCG instillations, collected prior to each instillation and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h thereafter. |
| 915 | 8171765 | A significant correlation between albumin and concentration of the cytokines IL1 beta, IL2, IL6, and TNF alpha was found (P < 0.01), correlation coefficients (r) being 0.56, 0.56, 0.67, and 0.71 (n = 418), respectively. |
| 916 | 8171765 | Albumin and the cytokines interleukin (IL)1 beta, IL2, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) were determined in urine from 20 patients treated with 6 weekly intravesical BCG instillations, collected prior to each instillation and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h thereafter. |
| 917 | 8171765 | A significant correlation between albumin and concentration of the cytokines IL1 beta, IL2, IL6, and TNF alpha was found (P < 0.01), correlation coefficients (r) being 0.56, 0.56, 0.67, and 0.71 (n = 418), respectively. |
| 918 | 8172330 | The TH1 cells, which secrete interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2), are associated with cell-mediated immunity (CMI), rather than humoral responses, and afford protection against intracellular infections, including those caused by parasites. |
| 919 | 8172330 | In contrast, the TH2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10, elicit high titer antibody responses, provide poor CMI, and are often correlated with susceptibility to infection. |
| 920 | 8191163 | It is concluded that lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogens is dependent on prolactin levels in man and that this effects is not mediated by IL-2 or its receptors. |
| 921 | 8195318 | We studied donors' and recipients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and mixed E- (non-T cells) and E+ cells (T cells) spontaneously and after stimulation by TT in the absence or presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 922 | 8195318 | In three of seven nonresponders, in vitro anti-TT Ab production was restored after the addition of IL-4 or IL-6 but not IL-2. |
| 923 | 8195318 | We studied donors' and recipients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and mixed E- (non-T cells) and E+ cells (T cells) spontaneously and after stimulation by TT in the absence or presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 924 | 8195318 | In three of seven nonresponders, in vitro anti-TT Ab production was restored after the addition of IL-4 or IL-6 but not IL-2. |
| 925 | 8195944 | Data obtained at 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk post-secondary immunization in 2 experiments indicated that SSA and SAWA bands of 62-60, 50, and 45 kDa reproducibly elicited T cell proliferation and production of Il-2, Il-4, and IFN-gamma by spleen cells from immunized, but not unimmunized, mice. |
| 926 | 8195944 | Bands of 72-68, 29.5, and 28 kDa elicited proliferation and production of Il-2 and Il-4, but not IFN-gamma. |
| 927 | 8195944 | Data obtained at 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk post-secondary immunization in 2 experiments indicated that SSA and SAWA bands of 62-60, 50, and 45 kDa reproducibly elicited T cell proliferation and production of Il-2, Il-4, and IFN-gamma by spleen cells from immunized, but not unimmunized, mice. |
| 928 | 8195944 | Bands of 72-68, 29.5, and 28 kDa elicited proliferation and production of Il-2 and Il-4, but not IFN-gamma. |
| 929 | 8205560 | Response to the melanoma cells was associated with interleukin-4 (IL-4) rather than IL-2 production. |
| 930 | 8230540 | We found that none of the cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, lymphotoxin, or BCG alone were cytotoxic against the bladder carcinoma cell lines. |
| 931 | 8244448 | IL-1, TNF-alpha and IL-2 production by peritoneal and spleen cells from Schistosoma mansoni infected mice and its potentiation by preimmunization with schistosomal antigens and immunostimulants. |
| 932 | 8244448 | Peritoneal and spleen macrophages from immunostimulant treated and/or immunized animals showed a significant increase in LPS triggered TNF-alpha production, as compared to non-treated controls. |
| 933 | 8252811 | The mitogenic response is the sum of that from various subsets of CD4+, T helper cells, CD8+ T cells and probably B cells. |
| 934 | 8252811 | The present study analyses (i) the capacity of Q-Vax to induce T cell sensitization which leads to IFN-gamma responses on antigen stimulation, and (ii) the immunomodulatory, (down-regulatory) effects of the Phase I lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the organism, which interacts with monocyte/macrophages to limit IL-2 production and production of IFN-gamma by sensitized T lymphocytes. |
| 935 | 8260457 | The mechanisms responsible for differential commitment of effector T cells to the production of either the IL-4/5/10 group or to the IL-2/IFN-gamma group of lymphokines during an immune response have not yet been clearly elucidated. |
| 936 | 8260457 | Intraperitoneal immunization with live bacteria induces an IFN-gamma-dominant immune response associated with a strong DTH reaction and relatively higher levels of specific antibodies belonging to the IFN-gamma-dependent IgG2a isotype rather than the IL-4-dependent IgG1 isotype. |
| 937 | 8260457 | IL-2 production in the responses generated by the two modes of immunization, however, is not preferentially associated with IFN-gamma production, unlike the reported profiles of long-lived murine T cell clones in vitro. |
| 938 | 8260457 | The mechanisms responsible for differential commitment of effector T cells to the production of either the IL-4/5/10 group or to the IL-2/IFN-gamma group of lymphokines during an immune response have not yet been clearly elucidated. |
| 939 | 8260457 | Intraperitoneal immunization with live bacteria induces an IFN-gamma-dominant immune response associated with a strong DTH reaction and relatively higher levels of specific antibodies belonging to the IFN-gamma-dependent IgG2a isotype rather than the IL-4-dependent IgG1 isotype. |
| 940 | 8260457 | IL-2 production in the responses generated by the two modes of immunization, however, is not preferentially associated with IFN-gamma production, unlike the reported profiles of long-lived murine T cell clones in vitro. |
| 941 | 8260705 | Transduction of human melanoma cell lines with the human interleukin-7 gene using retroviral-mediated gene transfer: comparison of immunologic properties with interleukin-2. |
| 942 | 8260705 | Two human melanoma cell lines were transduced with the human interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-2 genes using retroviral-mediated gene transfer. |
| 943 | 8260705 | Neither of the IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines grew in athymic mice, whereas one IL-7-transduced melanoma line showed retarded in vivo growth. |
| 944 | 8260705 | This is consistent with animal studies suggesting a predominantly T-cell response to IL-7-transduced tumors and a more nonspecific response to IL-2-transduced tumors. |
| 945 | 8260705 | Both IL-7- and IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines could induce cytotoxic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cultures. |
| 946 | 8260705 | In one cell line, IL-7 transduction resulted in a marked inhibition of the immunosuppressive peptide transforming growth factor (TGF)beta 1. |
| 947 | 8260705 | The results allow a comparison of immunobiologic properties of IL-7- and IL-2-transduced human melanoma cell lines in consideration of their use in genetically engineered tumor vaccines. |
| 948 | 8260705 | Transduction of human melanoma cell lines with the human interleukin-7 gene using retroviral-mediated gene transfer: comparison of immunologic properties with interleukin-2. |
| 949 | 8260705 | Two human melanoma cell lines were transduced with the human interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-2 genes using retroviral-mediated gene transfer. |
| 950 | 8260705 | Neither of the IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines grew in athymic mice, whereas one IL-7-transduced melanoma line showed retarded in vivo growth. |
| 951 | 8260705 | This is consistent with animal studies suggesting a predominantly T-cell response to IL-7-transduced tumors and a more nonspecific response to IL-2-transduced tumors. |
| 952 | 8260705 | Both IL-7- and IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines could induce cytotoxic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cultures. |
| 953 | 8260705 | In one cell line, IL-7 transduction resulted in a marked inhibition of the immunosuppressive peptide transforming growth factor (TGF)beta 1. |
| 954 | 8260705 | The results allow a comparison of immunobiologic properties of IL-7- and IL-2-transduced human melanoma cell lines in consideration of their use in genetically engineered tumor vaccines. |
| 955 | 8260705 | Transduction of human melanoma cell lines with the human interleukin-7 gene using retroviral-mediated gene transfer: comparison of immunologic properties with interleukin-2. |
| 956 | 8260705 | Two human melanoma cell lines were transduced with the human interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-2 genes using retroviral-mediated gene transfer. |
| 957 | 8260705 | Neither of the IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines grew in athymic mice, whereas one IL-7-transduced melanoma line showed retarded in vivo growth. |
| 958 | 8260705 | This is consistent with animal studies suggesting a predominantly T-cell response to IL-7-transduced tumors and a more nonspecific response to IL-2-transduced tumors. |
| 959 | 8260705 | Both IL-7- and IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines could induce cytotoxic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cultures. |
| 960 | 8260705 | In one cell line, IL-7 transduction resulted in a marked inhibition of the immunosuppressive peptide transforming growth factor (TGF)beta 1. |
| 961 | 8260705 | The results allow a comparison of immunobiologic properties of IL-7- and IL-2-transduced human melanoma cell lines in consideration of their use in genetically engineered tumor vaccines. |
| 962 | 8260705 | Transduction of human melanoma cell lines with the human interleukin-7 gene using retroviral-mediated gene transfer: comparison of immunologic properties with interleukin-2. |
| 963 | 8260705 | Two human melanoma cell lines were transduced with the human interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-2 genes using retroviral-mediated gene transfer. |
| 964 | 8260705 | Neither of the IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines grew in athymic mice, whereas one IL-7-transduced melanoma line showed retarded in vivo growth. |
| 965 | 8260705 | This is consistent with animal studies suggesting a predominantly T-cell response to IL-7-transduced tumors and a more nonspecific response to IL-2-transduced tumors. |
| 966 | 8260705 | Both IL-7- and IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines could induce cytotoxic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cultures. |
| 967 | 8260705 | In one cell line, IL-7 transduction resulted in a marked inhibition of the immunosuppressive peptide transforming growth factor (TGF)beta 1. |
| 968 | 8260705 | The results allow a comparison of immunobiologic properties of IL-7- and IL-2-transduced human melanoma cell lines in consideration of their use in genetically engineered tumor vaccines. |
| 969 | 8260705 | Transduction of human melanoma cell lines with the human interleukin-7 gene using retroviral-mediated gene transfer: comparison of immunologic properties with interleukin-2. |
| 970 | 8260705 | Two human melanoma cell lines were transduced with the human interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-2 genes using retroviral-mediated gene transfer. |
| 971 | 8260705 | Neither of the IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines grew in athymic mice, whereas one IL-7-transduced melanoma line showed retarded in vivo growth. |
| 972 | 8260705 | This is consistent with animal studies suggesting a predominantly T-cell response to IL-7-transduced tumors and a more nonspecific response to IL-2-transduced tumors. |
| 973 | 8260705 | Both IL-7- and IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines could induce cytotoxic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cultures. |
| 974 | 8260705 | In one cell line, IL-7 transduction resulted in a marked inhibition of the immunosuppressive peptide transforming growth factor (TGF)beta 1. |
| 975 | 8260705 | The results allow a comparison of immunobiologic properties of IL-7- and IL-2-transduced human melanoma cell lines in consideration of their use in genetically engineered tumor vaccines. |
| 976 | 8260705 | Transduction of human melanoma cell lines with the human interleukin-7 gene using retroviral-mediated gene transfer: comparison of immunologic properties with interleukin-2. |
| 977 | 8260705 | Two human melanoma cell lines were transduced with the human interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-2 genes using retroviral-mediated gene transfer. |
| 978 | 8260705 | Neither of the IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines grew in athymic mice, whereas one IL-7-transduced melanoma line showed retarded in vivo growth. |
| 979 | 8260705 | This is consistent with animal studies suggesting a predominantly T-cell response to IL-7-transduced tumors and a more nonspecific response to IL-2-transduced tumors. |
| 980 | 8260705 | Both IL-7- and IL-2-transduced melanoma cell lines could induce cytotoxic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cultures. |
| 981 | 8260705 | In one cell line, IL-7 transduction resulted in a marked inhibition of the immunosuppressive peptide transforming growth factor (TGF)beta 1. |
| 982 | 8260705 | The results allow a comparison of immunobiologic properties of IL-7- and IL-2-transduced human melanoma cell lines in consideration of their use in genetically engineered tumor vaccines. |
| 983 | 8270123 | Prior to immunization, at approximately 1 year of age, cardiovascular parameters, and several plasma parameters [cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and total plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG)] were measured during a brief period of captivity. |
| 984 | 8270123 | Levels of plasma cortisol, ACTH, total IgG, and IL-2 noted at the time of capture were unrelated to subsequent antibody levels. |
| 985 | 8270123 | Prior to immunization, at approximately 1 year of age, cardiovascular parameters, and several plasma parameters [cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and total plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG)] were measured during a brief period of captivity. |
| 986 | 8270123 | Levels of plasma cortisol, ACTH, total IgG, and IL-2 noted at the time of capture were unrelated to subsequent antibody levels. |
| 987 | 8270266 | This paper describes the bacterial expression and purification of bioactive recombinant ovine interleukin-2 (rovIL-2), interleukin-1 alpha (rovIL-1 alpha) and tumour necrosis factor alpha. |
| 988 | 8279092 | A 24-h treatment of T24 cells with BCG resulted in a tenfold higher secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) when compared with T24 cells treated with Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis or a cell wall preparation of Nocardia rubra (N-CWS). |
| 989 | 8279092 | No secretion of IL-1 beta and IL-2 was detected. |
| 990 | 8279092 | Pre-exposing T24 cells to BCG for various periods of time indicated that a minimum exposure time of 0.5-1 h was required to upregulate IL-6 and TNF alpha production. |
| 991 | 8279092 | The amounts of these cytokines secreted in the presence of BCG-conditioned medium did not differ significantly from the constitutively secreted amounts, excluding an effect of products possibly secreted by BCG on the upregulation of IL-6 and TNF alpha. |
| 992 | 8288319 | IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) remained undetectable in both instances. |
| 993 | 8288319 | Spleen cells taken at intervals after infection and cultured with brucella antigens produced high titres of IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-alpha. |
| 994 | 8288319 | Of the characteristically T-cell-derived lymphokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production rose 2 weeks after infection, peaking at 6 weeks, while IL-2 was not detected until 6 weeks post-infection. |
| 995 | 8288319 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was produced in substantial amounts, but IL-3 production was minimal. |
| 996 | 8288319 | In contrast, spleen cells from mice immunized with SBP produced IL-2 but failed to produce IFN-gamma. |
| 997 | 8288319 | IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) remained undetectable in both instances. |
| 998 | 8288319 | Spleen cells taken at intervals after infection and cultured with brucella antigens produced high titres of IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-alpha. |
| 999 | 8288319 | Of the characteristically T-cell-derived lymphokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production rose 2 weeks after infection, peaking at 6 weeks, while IL-2 was not detected until 6 weeks post-infection. |
| 1000 | 8288319 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was produced in substantial amounts, but IL-3 production was minimal. |
| 1001 | 8288319 | In contrast, spleen cells from mice immunized with SBP produced IL-2 but failed to produce IFN-gamma. |
| 1002 | 8319241 | The results were compared with the cytotoxicity exerted by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated by interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma). |
| 1003 | 8319241 | BCG-stimulated PBMC showed a cytotoxic potential against BT-A and BT-B comparable to that of IFN gamma-generated LAK cells, but this did not reach the level of IL-2-generated LAK cells. |
| 1004 | 8319241 | We could demonstrate the presence of the cytokines IFN gamma, IL-2, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and TNF beta in the supernatants harvested during the generation of BAK cells. |
| 1005 | 8319241 | The cells effective in BCG-activated killing of bladder tumour cells could be localized within the CD8+/CD56+ lymphocyte subset. |
| 1006 | 8319241 | Our findings imply that the activation by BCG of CD8+/CD56+ killer cells might be an important antitumoral mechanism during BCG therapy against superficial urothelial bladder cancer. |
| 1007 | 8319241 | The results were compared with the cytotoxicity exerted by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated by interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma). |
| 1008 | 8319241 | BCG-stimulated PBMC showed a cytotoxic potential against BT-A and BT-B comparable to that of IFN gamma-generated LAK cells, but this did not reach the level of IL-2-generated LAK cells. |
| 1009 | 8319241 | We could demonstrate the presence of the cytokines IFN gamma, IL-2, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and TNF beta in the supernatants harvested during the generation of BAK cells. |
| 1010 | 8319241 | The cells effective in BCG-activated killing of bladder tumour cells could be localized within the CD8+/CD56+ lymphocyte subset. |
| 1011 | 8319241 | Our findings imply that the activation by BCG of CD8+/CD56+ killer cells might be an important antitumoral mechanism during BCG therapy against superficial urothelial bladder cancer. |
| 1012 | 8319241 | The results were compared with the cytotoxicity exerted by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated by interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma). |
| 1013 | 8319241 | BCG-stimulated PBMC showed a cytotoxic potential against BT-A and BT-B comparable to that of IFN gamma-generated LAK cells, but this did not reach the level of IL-2-generated LAK cells. |
| 1014 | 8319241 | We could demonstrate the presence of the cytokines IFN gamma, IL-2, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and TNF beta in the supernatants harvested during the generation of BAK cells. |
| 1015 | 8319241 | The cells effective in BCG-activated killing of bladder tumour cells could be localized within the CD8+/CD56+ lymphocyte subset. |
| 1016 | 8319241 | Our findings imply that the activation by BCG of CD8+/CD56+ killer cells might be an important antitumoral mechanism during BCG therapy against superficial urothelial bladder cancer. |
| 1017 | 8326127 | Lymphokine assays demonstrated that IL-2 and IL-4 was generally reduced after multiple vaccinations and varied qualitatively as well as quantitatively between mouse strains. |
| 1018 | 8326127 | This study substantiates that the five Ag, paramyosin, heat shock protein 70, triosephosphate isomerase, glutathione S-transferase, and the integral membrane protein Sm23, are important candidates for a defined antischistosomal vaccine. |
| 1019 | 8335349 | Spleen cells from mice convalescing from a B. pertussis infection exhibited extensive in vitro T-cell proliferation and secreted high levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon but not IL-4 or IL-5, a cytokine profile typical of CD4+ Th1 cells. |
| 1020 | 8335349 | In contrast, mice immunized with an acellular pertussis vaccine had high levels of B. pertussis antibodies and spleen cells secreting IL-5 but not gamma interferon, a profile characteristic of CD4+ Th2 cells. |
| 1021 | 8348563 | Concanavalin-A-induced production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha was detected in more than 70% of the microcultures. |
| 1022 | 8359898 | The effects of in vivo administration of monoclonal antibodies against NK-1.1-bearing cells on the early production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in vitro and development of Th1-associated immunity were studied in mice infected with a live vaccine strain of Candida albicans. |
| 1023 | 8359898 | In addition, the antibody-treated and infected mice demonstrated unchanged T helper cell responses, as measured by yeast-specific footpad reactions, resistance to reinfection, occurrence of antibodies of different isotypes, and production in vitro of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 by CD4+ cells. |
| 1024 | 8370397 | Moreover, several-fold stronger cytokine production, i.e. interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and interferon-gamma accompanied the enhanced proliferative response of T cells from CT adjuvant-treated mice. |
| 1025 | 8370397 | Phenotypic and functional analyses clearly demonstrated that CT adjuvant primarily enhanced priming of CD4+ rather than CD8+ T cells and the pattern of lymphokine secretion disclosed that CT most probably promoted antigen priming of both Th1 and Th2 type of CD4+ T precursor cells. |
| 1026 | 8376936 | Interestingly, both PP and SP CD4+ T cell cultures showed increased numbers of IL-4- and IL-5 (Th2-type)-producing, spot-forming cells (SFCs) after 21 d of immunization, while essentially no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or IL-2 (Th1-type) SFCs were noted. |
| 1027 | 8376936 | Cytokine-specific Northern blots and RT-PCR also revealed that significant IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA levels, but not IFN-gamma or IL-2 mRNA, were present in CD4+ T cells isolated from antigen-stimulated cultures. |
| 1028 | 8376936 | Further, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma-producing Th1-type cells as well as IL-4- and IL-5-secreting Th2-type cells were generated in SP. |
| 1029 | 8376936 | Interestingly, both PP and SP CD4+ T cell cultures showed increased numbers of IL-4- and IL-5 (Th2-type)-producing, spot-forming cells (SFCs) after 21 d of immunization, while essentially no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or IL-2 (Th1-type) SFCs were noted. |
| 1030 | 8376936 | Cytokine-specific Northern blots and RT-PCR also revealed that significant IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA levels, but not IFN-gamma or IL-2 mRNA, were present in CD4+ T cells isolated from antigen-stimulated cultures. |
| 1031 | 8376936 | Further, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma-producing Th1-type cells as well as IL-4- and IL-5-secreting Th2-type cells were generated in SP. |
| 1032 | 8376936 | Interestingly, both PP and SP CD4+ T cell cultures showed increased numbers of IL-4- and IL-5 (Th2-type)-producing, spot-forming cells (SFCs) after 21 d of immunization, while essentially no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or IL-2 (Th1-type) SFCs were noted. |
| 1033 | 8376936 | Cytokine-specific Northern blots and RT-PCR also revealed that significant IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA levels, but not IFN-gamma or IL-2 mRNA, were present in CD4+ T cells isolated from antigen-stimulated cultures. |
| 1034 | 8376936 | Further, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma-producing Th1-type cells as well as IL-4- and IL-5-secreting Th2-type cells were generated in SP. |
| 1035 | 8391739 | Adjuvant-independent enhanced immune responses to recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D by fusion with biologically active interleukin-2. |
| 1036 | 8391739 | A truncated herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 glycoprotein D (t-gD) gene was fused to the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene (t-gD-IL-2 gene) and introduced into mouse myeloma Sp2/0 cells. |
| 1037 | 8391739 | However, when t-gD-IL-2 was co-administered with human albumin (HSA), the mouse anti-HSA antibody response was slightly enhanced. |
| 1038 | 8391739 | Adjuvant-independent enhanced immune responses to recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D by fusion with biologically active interleukin-2. |
| 1039 | 8391739 | A truncated herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 glycoprotein D (t-gD) gene was fused to the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene (t-gD-IL-2 gene) and introduced into mouse myeloma Sp2/0 cells. |
| 1040 | 8391739 | However, when t-gD-IL-2 was co-administered with human albumin (HSA), the mouse anti-HSA antibody response was slightly enhanced. |
| 1041 | 8391739 | Adjuvant-independent enhanced immune responses to recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D by fusion with biologically active interleukin-2. |
| 1042 | 8391739 | A truncated herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 glycoprotein D (t-gD) gene was fused to the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene (t-gD-IL-2 gene) and introduced into mouse myeloma Sp2/0 cells. |
| 1043 | 8391739 | However, when t-gD-IL-2 was co-administered with human albumin (HSA), the mouse anti-HSA antibody response was slightly enhanced. |
| 1044 | 8393601 | Immunopotentiation of bovine respiratory disease virus vaccines by interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-2. |
| 1045 | 8393601 | Three experiments, using 85 crossbred beef calves, were conducted to evaluate the adjuvanticity of single, multiple, and combined doses of recombinant bovine IL-1 beta (rBoIL-1 beta) and recombinant bovine IL-2 (rBoIL-2), with a modified-live bovine herpesvirus-1/parainfluenza-3 (BHV-1/PI-3) virus vaccine and a killed bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus vaccine. |
| 1046 | 8393601 | Immunopotentiation of bovine respiratory disease virus vaccines by interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-2. |
| 1047 | 8393601 | Three experiments, using 85 crossbred beef calves, were conducted to evaluate the adjuvanticity of single, multiple, and combined doses of recombinant bovine IL-1 beta (rBoIL-1 beta) and recombinant bovine IL-2 (rBoIL-2), with a modified-live bovine herpesvirus-1/parainfluenza-3 (BHV-1/PI-3) virus vaccine and a killed bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus vaccine. |
| 1048 | 8402652 | Also, TIL recovered from the responding lung metastasis and cultured in the presence of IL2 gave rise to autologous tumor-reactive CD4+ T-cells, whereas the nonresponsive renal tumor yielded a mixture of T- and natural killer cells. |
| 1049 | 8423625 | Human renal carcinoma line transfected with interleukin-2 and/or interferon alpha gene(s): implications for live cancer vaccines. |
| 1050 | 8425226 | IL-1 beta, IL-2, and IFN-gamma, was also elevated in cDT-stimulated cultures; and (4) the enhanced proliferative response to cDT could be attributed to CD4+ helper T cells. |
| 1051 | 8439951 | Phenotype analysis of IVS-LN cells revealed 78 +/- 4% CD3+ T-cells which were predominantly CD4+ (67 +/- 5%) with expression of HLA-DR and IL-2 receptor. |
| 1052 | 8447086 | Sixteen of the resulting T-lymphocyte cell lines (from the S19 and S19+IL-2 groups) were tested through indirect immunofluorescence for expression of cell surface markers CD2, CD4, CD6, CD8, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II molecules and a marker expressed on a subset of helper T-lymphocytes (Th) as well as sIgM, CD1 and a MHC Class II+ monocyte/macrophage marker. |
| 1053 | 8447086 | However, two cell lines contained significant populations (> 80%) of CD2-, CD4-, CD6-, CD8- cells that were both responsive to exogenous rBoIL-2 and were capable of exhibiting antigen-induced LP responses. |
| 1054 | 8459207 | This study explored the use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) gene-modified tumor cells as cellular vaccines for the treatment of bladder cancer. |
| 1055 | 8459207 | Using retroviral vectors, the human IL-2 and mouse IFN-gamma genes were introduced and expressed in MBT-2 cells. |
| 1056 | 8459207 | The tumor-forming capacity of the cytokine gene-modified MBT-2 cells was significantly impaired, since no tumors formed in mice injected intradermally with either IL-2- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells, using cell doses far exceeding the minimal tumorigenic dose of parental MBT-2 cells. |
| 1057 | 8459207 | Furthermore, mice that rejected the IL-2- or IFN-gamma-secreting tumor cells became highly resistant to a subsequent challenge with parental MBT-2 cells, but not to 38C13 cells, a B cell lymphoma of the same genetic background. |
| 1058 | 8459207 | This study explored the use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) gene-modified tumor cells as cellular vaccines for the treatment of bladder cancer. |
| 1059 | 8459207 | Using retroviral vectors, the human IL-2 and mouse IFN-gamma genes were introduced and expressed in MBT-2 cells. |
| 1060 | 8459207 | The tumor-forming capacity of the cytokine gene-modified MBT-2 cells was significantly impaired, since no tumors formed in mice injected intradermally with either IL-2- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells, using cell doses far exceeding the minimal tumorigenic dose of parental MBT-2 cells. |
| 1061 | 8459207 | Furthermore, mice that rejected the IL-2- or IFN-gamma-secreting tumor cells became highly resistant to a subsequent challenge with parental MBT-2 cells, but not to 38C13 cells, a B cell lymphoma of the same genetic background. |
| 1062 | 8459207 | This study explored the use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) gene-modified tumor cells as cellular vaccines for the treatment of bladder cancer. |
| 1063 | 8459207 | Using retroviral vectors, the human IL-2 and mouse IFN-gamma genes were introduced and expressed in MBT-2 cells. |
| 1064 | 8459207 | The tumor-forming capacity of the cytokine gene-modified MBT-2 cells was significantly impaired, since no tumors formed in mice injected intradermally with either IL-2- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells, using cell doses far exceeding the minimal tumorigenic dose of parental MBT-2 cells. |
| 1065 | 8459207 | Furthermore, mice that rejected the IL-2- or IFN-gamma-secreting tumor cells became highly resistant to a subsequent challenge with parental MBT-2 cells, but not to 38C13 cells, a B cell lymphoma of the same genetic background. |
| 1066 | 8459207 | This study explored the use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) gene-modified tumor cells as cellular vaccines for the treatment of bladder cancer. |
| 1067 | 8459207 | Using retroviral vectors, the human IL-2 and mouse IFN-gamma genes were introduced and expressed in MBT-2 cells. |
| 1068 | 8459207 | The tumor-forming capacity of the cytokine gene-modified MBT-2 cells was significantly impaired, since no tumors formed in mice injected intradermally with either IL-2- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells, using cell doses far exceeding the minimal tumorigenic dose of parental MBT-2 cells. |
| 1069 | 8459207 | Furthermore, mice that rejected the IL-2- or IFN-gamma-secreting tumor cells became highly resistant to a subsequent challenge with parental MBT-2 cells, but not to 38C13 cells, a B cell lymphoma of the same genetic background. |
| 1070 | 8470427 | Different antigens induced helper T cells with distinct cytokine secretion profiles: some released IL-2, and others predominantly IL-4 and 5. |
| 1071 | 8486931 | Characterization of human tumor cell lines transduced with the cDNA encoding either tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) or interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 1072 | 8486931 | The tumor cell lines were transduced using retroviruses encoding neomycin phosphotransferase and either human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 1073 | 8486931 | The amount of specific cytokine produced per 10(5) transduced tumor cells in 24 h ranged from 0.2 ng to 5.8 ng of TNF-alpha for the TNF transduced lines and from 0.1 ng to 3.6 ng of IL-2 for the IL-2 transduced tumor cell lines. |
| 1074 | 8486931 | Characterization of human tumor cell lines transduced with the cDNA encoding either tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) or interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 1075 | 8486931 | The tumor cell lines were transduced using retroviruses encoding neomycin phosphotransferase and either human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 1076 | 8486931 | The amount of specific cytokine produced per 10(5) transduced tumor cells in 24 h ranged from 0.2 ng to 5.8 ng of TNF-alpha for the TNF transduced lines and from 0.1 ng to 3.6 ng of IL-2 for the IL-2 transduced tumor cell lines. |
| 1077 | 8486931 | Characterization of human tumor cell lines transduced with the cDNA encoding either tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) or interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 1078 | 8486931 | The tumor cell lines were transduced using retroviruses encoding neomycin phosphotransferase and either human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 1079 | 8486931 | The amount of specific cytokine produced per 10(5) transduced tumor cells in 24 h ranged from 0.2 ng to 5.8 ng of TNF-alpha for the TNF transduced lines and from 0.1 ng to 3.6 ng of IL-2 for the IL-2 transduced tumor cell lines. |
| 1080 | 8488699 | The TAC portion of the IL2 receptor (IL2R alpha), expressed on the T-cell surface, appears to be responsible for this difference, as the number of lymphocytes able to express IL2R alpha falls post-burn. |
| 1081 | 8499633 | Highly purified peripheral blood T cells containing less than 0.1% CD14+ cells and unresponsive to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), were growth-inhibited by IL-10 when stimulated with immobilized OKT3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb; 55.4% inhibition). |
| 1082 | 8499633 | Secretion of IL-2 under these conditions was inhibited by IL-10 (51.5% inhibition). |
| 1083 | 8499633 | Thus, IL-10 can directly inhibit growth and IL-2 production in T cells triggered by immobilized OKT3 MoAb in the absence of monocytes. |
| 1084 | 8499633 | Highly purified peripheral blood T cells containing less than 0.1% CD14+ cells and unresponsive to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), were growth-inhibited by IL-10 when stimulated with immobilized OKT3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb; 55.4% inhibition). |
| 1085 | 8499633 | Secretion of IL-2 under these conditions was inhibited by IL-10 (51.5% inhibition). |
| 1086 | 8499633 | Thus, IL-10 can directly inhibit growth and IL-2 production in T cells triggered by immobilized OKT3 MoAb in the absence of monocytes. |
| 1087 | 8513449 | CD8+ T lymphocytes, purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, were cloned directly from the peripheral blood without antigen-presenting cells in the presence of irradiated autologous melanoma cells and recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4. |
| 1088 | 8513449 | Of the 8 clones, 3 expressed both CD4 and CD8, but dual expression was not correlated with specificity of lysis. |
| 1089 | 8513449 | Two CD8+ and 2 CD4+ CD8+ clones were specific for the autologous melanoma cells, the other 4 were also reactive against other HLA-A2-positive melanomas. |
| 1090 | 8515081 | Peptide constructs comprised of multideterminant Th peptides from the envelope glycoprotein of HIV previously identified to induce proliferative responses in four different haplotypes of mice and IL-2 responses in 52 to 73% of HIV positive, Ag-responsive patients, were colinearly synthesized with the peptide 18 of the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp 160, corresponding to the principal neutralizing determinant of HIV-IIIB. |
| 1091 | 8519092 | There was no change in the proportion of PBMC that were CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, or B cells as analyzed by flow cytometry. |
| 1092 | 8519092 | Analysis for cytokines after vaccination showed spontaneous production of high levels of IL-4 (vaccinees 99 +/- 23; controls 5.6 +/- 5.6 ng/ml, P = 0.031) and TNF alpha (vaccinees 140 +/- 45; controls 42 +/- 14 pg/ml, P = 0.072) accompanied by low levels of IFN-gamma (vaccinees 1.3 +/- 0.6; controls 14.3 +/- 10.1 U/ml), IL-1 alpha (vaccinees 111 +/- 22; controls 442 +/- 107 pg/ml, P = 0.0001), and PGE2 (vaccinees 75 +/- 39; controls 300 +/- 72 pg/ml, P = 0.048). |
| 1093 | 8519092 | Increased amounts of IL-4 were also produced after stimulation with PHA (vaccinees 140 +/- 25; controls 40 +/- 40 ng/ml, P = 0.013) while levels of IFN-gamma and soluble IL-2 receptor were similar to controls and levels of IL-1 alpha (vaccinees 443 +/- 67; controls 792 +/- 118 pg/ml, P = 0.026) remained low. |
| 1094 | 8537666 | The helper cells induced by PCLUS3-17 or by C7 were shown to be CD4+ and to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 1095 | 8546396 | Response can be stimulated by co-injection of DNA plasmids encoding either IL-2 or GM-CSF, and T cells which proliferate in response to idiotypic IgM are generated. |
| 1096 | 8546443 | Tick countermeasures to host defenses reduce T-lymphocyte proliferation, elaboration of the TH1 cytokines interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma, production of macrophage cytokines interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, and antibody responses. |
| 1097 | 8557324 | All these assays demonstrated that BCG immunization induced strong CD4+ T-cell responses, mostly of the Th1 type, as demonstrated by interleukin-2 and gamma interferon production. |
| 1098 | 8564954 | Interleukin 12 potentiates the curative effect of a vaccine based on interleukin 2-transduced tumor cells. |
| 1099 | 8566039 | A proliferative response occurred only late after immunization and the primed T lymphocytes produced interleukin-2, but no interleukin-4. |
| 1100 | 8566072 | Addition of a second or third co-stimulatory signal provided by recombinant IL-2, CD28 or both had no effect on the Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation of the patients' antigen-driven T cell lines. |
| 1101 | 8568254 | CD4+ T cells produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 as well as IL-10, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 1102 | 8568254 | Although IL-6 was elevated, further purification of cells from in vitro cultures into CD4+ Mac-1- T cells and Mac-1+ CD4- cells revealed that only the latter cell population had consistently elevated IL-6 gene expression, whereas both sorted populations exhibited increased IFN-gamma and IL-10 gene expression. |
| 1103 | 8568254 | Our results are consistent with the suggestion that Ag-specific Th1 cells and their derived cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-2, and Th2-derived IL-10 together with IL-6 produced by macrophages provide important signals for the development of mucosal IgA and serum IgG subclass responses in the absence of preferential expression of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 1104 | 8568254 | CD4+ T cells produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 as well as IL-10, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 1105 | 8568254 | Although IL-6 was elevated, further purification of cells from in vitro cultures into CD4+ Mac-1- T cells and Mac-1+ CD4- cells revealed that only the latter cell population had consistently elevated IL-6 gene expression, whereas both sorted populations exhibited increased IFN-gamma and IL-10 gene expression. |
| 1106 | 8568254 | Our results are consistent with the suggestion that Ag-specific Th1 cells and their derived cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-2, and Th2-derived IL-10 together with IL-6 produced by macrophages provide important signals for the development of mucosal IgA and serum IgG subclass responses in the absence of preferential expression of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 1107 | 8570663 | The most profound effects were induced by BCG secreting interleukin 2, interferon gamma, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 1108 | 8574153 | PBMC from HIV-infected patients (asymptomatic, age 22-36, symptomatic, age 30-59 and pediatric, < 2 years old) were co-cultured with PHA-stimulated PBMC from uninfected individuals in medium containing IL-2 and PAI. |
| 1109 | 8574153 | HIV-p24 ag and cytokine profiles (IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) were determined on supernatants on day 14. |
| 1110 | 8574153 | Peripheral blood samples from each patient were evaluated at the beginning of the experiment as to total CD3, total CD19, CD3/CD4, CD3/CD8, CD16/CD56, CD8/HLA-DR and CD8/CD38 markers through flow cytometry. |
| 1111 | 8574153 | PAI was able to induce the production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha while that of IL-4 and IL-1 beta was reduced. |
| 1112 | 8574153 | The predominant cell type detected in the blood samples of the studied subjects were CD8+, CD8+/CD38+ or CD8+/HLA-DR+. |
| 1113 | 8574153 | PBMC from HIV-infected patients (asymptomatic, age 22-36, symptomatic, age 30-59 and pediatric, < 2 years old) were co-cultured with PHA-stimulated PBMC from uninfected individuals in medium containing IL-2 and PAI. |
| 1114 | 8574153 | HIV-p24 ag and cytokine profiles (IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) were determined on supernatants on day 14. |
| 1115 | 8574153 | Peripheral blood samples from each patient were evaluated at the beginning of the experiment as to total CD3, total CD19, CD3/CD4, CD3/CD8, CD16/CD56, CD8/HLA-DR and CD8/CD38 markers through flow cytometry. |
| 1116 | 8574153 | PAI was able to induce the production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha while that of IL-4 and IL-1 beta was reduced. |
| 1117 | 8574153 | The predominant cell type detected in the blood samples of the studied subjects were CD8+, CD8+/CD38+ or CD8+/HLA-DR+. |
| 1118 | 8582187 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma activities of the supernatant were assayed. |
| 1119 | 8582187 | Immunofluorescent analysis of molecular CD4, CD8, CD16, IL-2R on the surface of PBMCs were done. |
| 1120 | 8582187 | They could induce PBMCs to produce IL-2 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 1121 | 8582187 | Zhuling-duotang and BCG did not affect the percentage of CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ cells among PBMCs. (2) HB vaccine did not significantly increase the cytotoxicity of PBMCs. (3) The cytotoxicity of PBMCs induced by Zhuling-duotang combined with HB vaccine was not significantly higher than that of PBMCs induced by Zhuling-duotang alone. |
| 1122 | 8582187 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma activities of the supernatant were assayed. |
| 1123 | 8582187 | Immunofluorescent analysis of molecular CD4, CD8, CD16, IL-2R on the surface of PBMCs were done. |
| 1124 | 8582187 | They could induce PBMCs to produce IL-2 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 1125 | 8582187 | Zhuling-duotang and BCG did not affect the percentage of CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ cells among PBMCs. (2) HB vaccine did not significantly increase the cytotoxicity of PBMCs. (3) The cytotoxicity of PBMCs induced by Zhuling-duotang combined with HB vaccine was not significantly higher than that of PBMCs induced by Zhuling-duotang alone. |
| 1126 | 8585283 | In vitro, GBA stimulated feline PBLs to proliferate and release interferon (IFN) and IL-2. |
| 1127 | 8585283 | Unlike IFN, the release of IL-2 appeared to be unaffected by prior depletion of macrophages, indicating GBA directly stimulated feline T cells. |
| 1128 | 8585283 | These studies indicate that GBA induces T cell proliferation and the release of IL-2 and IFN in vitro and can be used to enhance the recall antibody response to both a T cell dependent antigen and an immunogen derived from Dirofilaria immitis. |
| 1129 | 8585283 | In vitro, GBA stimulated feline PBLs to proliferate and release interferon (IFN) and IL-2. |
| 1130 | 8585283 | Unlike IFN, the release of IL-2 appeared to be unaffected by prior depletion of macrophages, indicating GBA directly stimulated feline T cells. |
| 1131 | 8585283 | These studies indicate that GBA induces T cell proliferation and the release of IL-2 and IFN in vitro and can be used to enhance the recall antibody response to both a T cell dependent antigen and an immunogen derived from Dirofilaria immitis. |
| 1132 | 8585283 | In vitro, GBA stimulated feline PBLs to proliferate and release interferon (IFN) and IL-2. |
| 1133 | 8585283 | Unlike IFN, the release of IL-2 appeared to be unaffected by prior depletion of macrophages, indicating GBA directly stimulated feline T cells. |
| 1134 | 8585283 | These studies indicate that GBA induces T cell proliferation and the release of IL-2 and IFN in vitro and can be used to enhance the recall antibody response to both a T cell dependent antigen and an immunogen derived from Dirofilaria immitis. |
| 1135 | 8604226 | Kinetics of IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression were comparable in both strains, but IFN-gamma mRNA expression was higher in SJL than in Balb/c. |
| 1136 | 8604226 | In addition, studies of IL-12 p4O and IL-10 mRNA expression following immunization with BPO-TT showed a greater IL-12 p4O mRNA expression in Balb/c mice and a slightly higher IL-10 mRNA expression in SJL. |
| 1137 | 8604226 | Taken together, our data suggest that Th1 or Th2 differentiation in primary immune responses to haptenic compounds such as penicillin may be driven by the kinetics and the level of IL-4 production rather than by the level of IFN-gamma. |
| 1138 | 8604226 | Additional cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-12 are likely to contribute to the regulation of this response. |
| 1139 | 8606065 | Lymph node lymphocytes exposed in situ to the immunomodulatory influences of the hormone 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D 3 were found to produce less gamma interferon and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and far more IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 than lymphocytes from control animals. |
| 1140 | 8607020 | Studies employing rodent tumor models with little or no intrinsic immunogenicity have shown that genetically modified tumor cell preparations consisting of irradiated tumor cells transduced with and expressing cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or co-stimulatory molecules, such as B7-I, were capable of inducing the regression of preexisting tumors and cure animals from their disease. |
| 1141 | 8610165 | Caregivers also had lower levels of in vitro virus-specific-induced interleukin 2 levels and interleukin 1beta; interleukin 6 did not differ between groups. |
| 1142 | 8621924 | Immunization with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced, but not B7-1-transduced, lymphoma cells primes idiotype-specific T cells and generates potent systemic antitumor immunity. |
| 1143 | 8621924 | Eradication of pre-established systemic lymphoma was achieved following immunization with lymphoma cells engineered to produce granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, and to a lesser extent cells producing IL-4, whereas vaccination with lymphoma cells transfected with the genes encoding IL-2 or B7-1 had no effect. |
| 1144 | 8621924 | The systemic immunity generated by GM-CSF- or IL-4-transfected lymphoma required both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 1145 | 8625312 | In this report, data indicate that IL-2 administration can appreciably augment the therapeutic effect of a single immunization of a recombinant vaccinia virus-carcinoembryonic antigen (rV-CEA) vaccine using a CEA-expressing syngeneic experimental murine model system. |
| 1146 | 8625312 | Moreover, the combination of rV-CEA and IL-2 induces systemic immunity, which protects those tumor-free mice from subsequent rechallenge with the CEA-expressing tumor cells. |
| 1147 | 8625312 | Cellular immune assays revealed that the addition of IL-2 to rV-CEA immunization significantly increased the CEA-specific T-cell proliferative responses as well as the cytolytic T-cell responses when compared with rV-CEA immunization alone. |
| 1148 | 8625312 | The enhanced CEA-specific immune response, coupled with the improved experimental therapeutic outcome following IL-2 administration, suggests that treatment with that cytokine may effectively substitute for multiple rV-CEA immunizations in active-specific immunotherapy clinical protocols directed at CEA-expressing tumors. |
| 1149 | 8625312 | In this report, data indicate that IL-2 administration can appreciably augment the therapeutic effect of a single immunization of a recombinant vaccinia virus-carcinoembryonic antigen (rV-CEA) vaccine using a CEA-expressing syngeneic experimental murine model system. |
| 1150 | 8625312 | Moreover, the combination of rV-CEA and IL-2 induces systemic immunity, which protects those tumor-free mice from subsequent rechallenge with the CEA-expressing tumor cells. |
| 1151 | 8625312 | Cellular immune assays revealed that the addition of IL-2 to rV-CEA immunization significantly increased the CEA-specific T-cell proliferative responses as well as the cytolytic T-cell responses when compared with rV-CEA immunization alone. |
| 1152 | 8625312 | The enhanced CEA-specific immune response, coupled with the improved experimental therapeutic outcome following IL-2 administration, suggests that treatment with that cytokine may effectively substitute for multiple rV-CEA immunizations in active-specific immunotherapy clinical protocols directed at CEA-expressing tumors. |
| 1153 | 8625312 | In this report, data indicate that IL-2 administration can appreciably augment the therapeutic effect of a single immunization of a recombinant vaccinia virus-carcinoembryonic antigen (rV-CEA) vaccine using a CEA-expressing syngeneic experimental murine model system. |
| 1154 | 8625312 | Moreover, the combination of rV-CEA and IL-2 induces systemic immunity, which protects those tumor-free mice from subsequent rechallenge with the CEA-expressing tumor cells. |
| 1155 | 8625312 | Cellular immune assays revealed that the addition of IL-2 to rV-CEA immunization significantly increased the CEA-specific T-cell proliferative responses as well as the cytolytic T-cell responses when compared with rV-CEA immunization alone. |
| 1156 | 8625312 | The enhanced CEA-specific immune response, coupled with the improved experimental therapeutic outcome following IL-2 administration, suggests that treatment with that cytokine may effectively substitute for multiple rV-CEA immunizations in active-specific immunotherapy clinical protocols directed at CEA-expressing tumors. |
| 1157 | 8625312 | In this report, data indicate that IL-2 administration can appreciably augment the therapeutic effect of a single immunization of a recombinant vaccinia virus-carcinoembryonic antigen (rV-CEA) vaccine using a CEA-expressing syngeneic experimental murine model system. |
| 1158 | 8625312 | Moreover, the combination of rV-CEA and IL-2 induces systemic immunity, which protects those tumor-free mice from subsequent rechallenge with the CEA-expressing tumor cells. |
| 1159 | 8625312 | Cellular immune assays revealed that the addition of IL-2 to rV-CEA immunization significantly increased the CEA-specific T-cell proliferative responses as well as the cytolytic T-cell responses when compared with rV-CEA immunization alone. |
| 1160 | 8625312 | The enhanced CEA-specific immune response, coupled with the improved experimental therapeutic outcome following IL-2 administration, suggests that treatment with that cytokine may effectively substitute for multiple rV-CEA immunizations in active-specific immunotherapy clinical protocols directed at CEA-expressing tumors. |
| 1161 | 8653680 | We further show that in vitro stimulation of the postimmunization peripheral blood lymphocytes with the MAGE-1 nonapeptide-loaded antigen presenting cell and interleukin-2 leads to significant expansion of peptide-specific and autologous melanoma-reactive CTL response. |
| 1162 | 8665571 | We evaluated the in vivo response to the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 (BL6) murine melanoma genetically altered to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 1163 | 8665571 | Secretion of IL-2 abrogated the tumorigenicity of BL6, while IFN gamma and IL-4 partially reduced tumorigenicity, and GM-CSF had no effect. |
| 1164 | 8665571 | Protective immunity to wild-type tumor challenge could not be achieved by vaccination with irradiated cytokine-secreting tumors, although IL-2 and IL-4 secretion appeared to retard the growth of the challenge inoculum significantly. |
| 1165 | 8665571 | Neither IL-2 nor IFN gamma secretion resulted in the induction of immune T cells. |
| 1166 | 8665571 | By contrast, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion were found to induce immune T cells in the TDLN with GM-CSF being superior to IL-4. |
| 1167 | 8665571 | The combined secretion of GM-CSF and IL-4 did not lead to enhanced induction of immune T cells. |
| 1168 | 8665571 | Nevertheless, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion significantly enhanced T cell immune reactivity to the poorly immunogenic BL6 tumor. |
| 1169 | 8665571 | We evaluated the in vivo response to the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 (BL6) murine melanoma genetically altered to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 1170 | 8665571 | Secretion of IL-2 abrogated the tumorigenicity of BL6, while IFN gamma and IL-4 partially reduced tumorigenicity, and GM-CSF had no effect. |
| 1171 | 8665571 | Protective immunity to wild-type tumor challenge could not be achieved by vaccination with irradiated cytokine-secreting tumors, although IL-2 and IL-4 secretion appeared to retard the growth of the challenge inoculum significantly. |
| 1172 | 8665571 | Neither IL-2 nor IFN gamma secretion resulted in the induction of immune T cells. |
| 1173 | 8665571 | By contrast, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion were found to induce immune T cells in the TDLN with GM-CSF being superior to IL-4. |
| 1174 | 8665571 | The combined secretion of GM-CSF and IL-4 did not lead to enhanced induction of immune T cells. |
| 1175 | 8665571 | Nevertheless, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion significantly enhanced T cell immune reactivity to the poorly immunogenic BL6 tumor. |
| 1176 | 8665571 | We evaluated the in vivo response to the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 (BL6) murine melanoma genetically altered to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 1177 | 8665571 | Secretion of IL-2 abrogated the tumorigenicity of BL6, while IFN gamma and IL-4 partially reduced tumorigenicity, and GM-CSF had no effect. |
| 1178 | 8665571 | Protective immunity to wild-type tumor challenge could not be achieved by vaccination with irradiated cytokine-secreting tumors, although IL-2 and IL-4 secretion appeared to retard the growth of the challenge inoculum significantly. |
| 1179 | 8665571 | Neither IL-2 nor IFN gamma secretion resulted in the induction of immune T cells. |
| 1180 | 8665571 | By contrast, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion were found to induce immune T cells in the TDLN with GM-CSF being superior to IL-4. |
| 1181 | 8665571 | The combined secretion of GM-CSF and IL-4 did not lead to enhanced induction of immune T cells. |
| 1182 | 8665571 | Nevertheless, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion significantly enhanced T cell immune reactivity to the poorly immunogenic BL6 tumor. |
| 1183 | 8665571 | We evaluated the in vivo response to the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 (BL6) murine melanoma genetically altered to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 1184 | 8665571 | Secretion of IL-2 abrogated the tumorigenicity of BL6, while IFN gamma and IL-4 partially reduced tumorigenicity, and GM-CSF had no effect. |
| 1185 | 8665571 | Protective immunity to wild-type tumor challenge could not be achieved by vaccination with irradiated cytokine-secreting tumors, although IL-2 and IL-4 secretion appeared to retard the growth of the challenge inoculum significantly. |
| 1186 | 8665571 | Neither IL-2 nor IFN gamma secretion resulted in the induction of immune T cells. |
| 1187 | 8665571 | By contrast, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion were found to induce immune T cells in the TDLN with GM-CSF being superior to IL-4. |
| 1188 | 8665571 | The combined secretion of GM-CSF and IL-4 did not lead to enhanced induction of immune T cells. |
| 1189 | 8665571 | Nevertheless, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion significantly enhanced T cell immune reactivity to the poorly immunogenic BL6 tumor. |
| 1190 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1191 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1192 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1193 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1194 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1195 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1196 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1197 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1198 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1199 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1200 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1201 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1202 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1203 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1204 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1205 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1206 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1207 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1208 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1209 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1210 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1211 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1212 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1213 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1214 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1215 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1216 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1217 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1218 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1219 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1220 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1221 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1222 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1223 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1224 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1225 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1226 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1227 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1228 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1229 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1230 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1231 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1232 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1233 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1234 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1235 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1236 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1237 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1238 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1239 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1240 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1241 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1242 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1243 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1244 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1245 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1246 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1247 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1248 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1249 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1250 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1251 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1252 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1253 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1254 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1255 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1256 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1257 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1258 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1259 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1260 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1261 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1262 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1263 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1264 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1265 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1266 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1267 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1268 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1269 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1270 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1271 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1272 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1273 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1274 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1275 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1276 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1277 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1278 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1279 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1280 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1281 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1282 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1283 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1284 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1285 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1286 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1287 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1288 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1289 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1290 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1291 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1292 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1293 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1294 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1295 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1296 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1297 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1298 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1299 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1300 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1301 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1302 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1303 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1304 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1305 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1306 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1307 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1308 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1309 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1310 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1311 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1312 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1313 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1314 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1315 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1316 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1317 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1318 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1319 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1320 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1321 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1322 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1323 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1324 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1325 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1326 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1327 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1328 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1329 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1330 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1331 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1332 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1333 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1334 | 8683732 | Localization of IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8 and TNF in superficial bladder tumors treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin. |
| 1335 | 8687110 | Both cell lines were transduced retrovirally to secrete interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, respectively. |
| 1336 | 8690525 | Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor enhances immune responses to melanoma-associated peptides in vivo. |
| 1337 | 8690525 | In the present study, we determined CTL reactivity against melanoma-associated peptides derived from Melan A/MART-1, tyrosinase, and gp100/Pmel17 in 3 HLA-A2+ melanoma patients. |
| 1338 | 8690525 | Enhanced DTH reactions and CD8+ CTL responses were observed after treatment with systemic GM-CSF. |
| 1339 | 8690525 | Immunohistochemical characterization of DTH-constituting elements revealed infiltrates of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and strong expression of IL-2 and gammaIFN, suggesting the activation of CD4+ ThI and CD8+ CTL by peptides presented by MHC-class-I molecules of dermal APC. |
| 1340 | 8695924 | In addition, we could show by depletion experiments that NK/LAK, CD8, and CD4 lymphocytes were involved in the rejection of cells secreting large amounts of IL-2. |
| 1341 | 8697075 | [Antitumor effect of interleukin-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine in combination with interleukin-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine]. |
| 1342 | 8697075 | It has been shown that IL-2 and IL-6 can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 1343 | 8697075 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine gene-transfected tumor vaccines, we treated the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice with IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine. |
| 1344 | 8697075 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene-transfected vaccine alone. |
| 1345 | 8697075 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more efficient activation of immune functions. |
| 1346 | 8697075 | [Antitumor effect of interleukin-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine in combination with interleukin-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine]. |
| 1347 | 8697075 | It has been shown that IL-2 and IL-6 can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 1348 | 8697075 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine gene-transfected tumor vaccines, we treated the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice with IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine. |
| 1349 | 8697075 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene-transfected vaccine alone. |
| 1350 | 8697075 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more efficient activation of immune functions. |
| 1351 | 8697075 | [Antitumor effect of interleukin-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine in combination with interleukin-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine]. |
| 1352 | 8697075 | It has been shown that IL-2 and IL-6 can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 1353 | 8697075 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine gene-transfected tumor vaccines, we treated the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice with IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine. |
| 1354 | 8697075 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene-transfected vaccine alone. |
| 1355 | 8697075 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more efficient activation of immune functions. |
| 1356 | 8697075 | [Antitumor effect of interleukin-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine in combination with interleukin-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine]. |
| 1357 | 8697075 | It has been shown that IL-2 and IL-6 can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 1358 | 8697075 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine gene-transfected tumor vaccines, we treated the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice with IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine. |
| 1359 | 8697075 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene-transfected vaccine alone. |
| 1360 | 8697075 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more efficient activation of immune functions. |
| 1361 | 8697075 | [Antitumor effect of interleukin-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine in combination with interleukin-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine]. |
| 1362 | 8697075 | It has been shown that IL-2 and IL-6 can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 1363 | 8697075 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine gene-transfected tumor vaccines, we treated the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice with IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine. |
| 1364 | 8697075 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene-transfected vaccine alone. |
| 1365 | 8697075 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more efficient activation of immune functions. |
| 1366 | 8698385 | Secondly, the CD4:CD8 ratio increased. |
| 1367 | 8698385 | Thirdly, the CD4:CD8 ratio decreased to less than pre-infection measurements. |
| 1368 | 8698385 | The latter changes suggested sequential involvement of CD4 and then CD8 T cells. |
| 1369 | 8698385 | The proportion of cells expressing interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) also increased. |
| 1370 | 8698385 | T-cell clones from early infection were WC1/gamma delta and CD4 in phenotype, while CD8 clones appeared later in infection, eventually becoming dominant. |
| 1371 | 8705860 | Analysis of T cells reacting to the pathogenic portion of the MBP molecule indicated that in the vaccinated mice there was a reduction in the Th1 cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gama. |
| 1372 | 8706049 | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus interleukin-2 and/or granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor enhances immunocompetent cell production of interferon-gamma, which inhibits B16F10 melanoma cell growth in vitro. |
| 1373 | 8706049 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha was substantially weaker (IC50 > 10 ng/ml) but provided synergy with IFN gamma. |
| 1374 | 8706049 | None of the other cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, or granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor had direct antitumor activity against B16F10 melanoma cells. |
| 1375 | 8706049 | However, when IL-2 and/or GM-CSF were combined with BCG either by exogenous addition or through endogenous production by novel cytokine-secreting recombinant BCG (rBCG), a substantial increase in INF gamma production by splenocytes was observed. |
| 1376 | 8706049 | These results suggest that BCG may exert part of its antitumor action on melanoma through the induction of IFN gamma, which can be greatly enhanced through the concomitant addition of IL-2 and/or GM-CSF. |
| 1377 | 8706049 | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus interleukin-2 and/or granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor enhances immunocompetent cell production of interferon-gamma, which inhibits B16F10 melanoma cell growth in vitro. |
| 1378 | 8706049 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha was substantially weaker (IC50 > 10 ng/ml) but provided synergy with IFN gamma. |
| 1379 | 8706049 | None of the other cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, or granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor had direct antitumor activity against B16F10 melanoma cells. |
| 1380 | 8706049 | However, when IL-2 and/or GM-CSF were combined with BCG either by exogenous addition or through endogenous production by novel cytokine-secreting recombinant BCG (rBCG), a substantial increase in INF gamma production by splenocytes was observed. |
| 1381 | 8706049 | These results suggest that BCG may exert part of its antitumor action on melanoma through the induction of IFN gamma, which can be greatly enhanced through the concomitant addition of IL-2 and/or GM-CSF. |
| 1382 | 8706049 | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus interleukin-2 and/or granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor enhances immunocompetent cell production of interferon-gamma, which inhibits B16F10 melanoma cell growth in vitro. |
| 1383 | 8706049 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha was substantially weaker (IC50 > 10 ng/ml) but provided synergy with IFN gamma. |
| 1384 | 8706049 | None of the other cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, or granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor had direct antitumor activity against B16F10 melanoma cells. |
| 1385 | 8706049 | However, when IL-2 and/or GM-CSF were combined with BCG either by exogenous addition or through endogenous production by novel cytokine-secreting recombinant BCG (rBCG), a substantial increase in INF gamma production by splenocytes was observed. |
| 1386 | 8706049 | These results suggest that BCG may exert part of its antitumor action on melanoma through the induction of IFN gamma, which can be greatly enhanced through the concomitant addition of IL-2 and/or GM-CSF. |
| 1387 | 8706049 | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus interleukin-2 and/or granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor enhances immunocompetent cell production of interferon-gamma, which inhibits B16F10 melanoma cell growth in vitro. |
| 1388 | 8706049 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha was substantially weaker (IC50 > 10 ng/ml) but provided synergy with IFN gamma. |
| 1389 | 8706049 | None of the other cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, or granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor had direct antitumor activity against B16F10 melanoma cells. |
| 1390 | 8706049 | However, when IL-2 and/or GM-CSF were combined with BCG either by exogenous addition or through endogenous production by novel cytokine-secreting recombinant BCG (rBCG), a substantial increase in INF gamma production by splenocytes was observed. |
| 1391 | 8706049 | These results suggest that BCG may exert part of its antitumor action on melanoma through the induction of IFN gamma, which can be greatly enhanced through the concomitant addition of IL-2 and/or GM-CSF. |
| 1392 | 8713012 | Recent and new treatments include FK 506, cyclosporin, a fusion protein of human interleukin 2 with fragments of diphtheria toxin, topical tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, topical retinoids, T cell receptor peptide vaccines and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) antisense oligonucleotides. |
| 1393 | 8742064 | To investigate the spectrum of cytokines expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), we used a semi-quantitative RT-PCR to determine levels of mRNA coding for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 1394 | 8742064 | While transcripts or IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were either low or not detected in unmanipulated PBMCs, varying levels of IL-1 beta, IL-5, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were readily detected in the same samples. |
| 1395 | 8742064 | To investigate the spectrum of cytokines expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), we used a semi-quantitative RT-PCR to determine levels of mRNA coding for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 1396 | 8742064 | While transcripts or IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were either low or not detected in unmanipulated PBMCs, varying levels of IL-1 beta, IL-5, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were readily detected in the same samples. |
| 1397 | 8748254 | Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced Th1 type CD4+ suppressor T cells act by suppressing IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor expression. |
| 1398 | 8748254 | These suppressor T cells were CD4+ and did not affect interleukin-1 production by adherent cells in response to BCG. |
| 1399 | 8748256 | When tested for cytokine production in response to mycobacterial antigens and defined epitopes (i.e., whole killed M. tuberculosis, a 65-kDa heat shock protein, and synthetic peptides) the T cell clones produced cytokines typical of Th1 cells: interleukin 2, interferon-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 1400 | 8750504 | The experiments showed a close quantitative correlation between antigen-triggered proliferative responses and the antigen-induced generation of IL-2 and IFN-gamma producing cells (pc). |
| 1401 | 8752932 | A CD4+ clone (clone B), characterized as Th1 based on its selective production of IFN-gamma and IL-2, was established from C57Bl/6 mice protectively immunized against Schistosoma mansoni by intradermal vaccination with soluble worm Ags, plus bacillus Calmette Guerin. |
| 1402 | 8759713 | Moreover, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells show equivalent levels of apoptosis. |
| 1403 | 8759713 | Lastly, this apoptosis can be prevented by the addition of excess IL-2 or by conditions promoting a high level of IL-2 production (TCR-independent stimulation, anti-CD28 mAb, or exogenous IL-6) by neonatal T cells. |
| 1404 | 8759713 | However, IL-2 alone is not sufficient to support functional rescue from apoptosis; only IL-6 supports the ability of these cells both to survive and to mount vigorous secondary responses. |
| 1405 | 8759713 | Moreover, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells show equivalent levels of apoptosis. |
| 1406 | 8759713 | Lastly, this apoptosis can be prevented by the addition of excess IL-2 or by conditions promoting a high level of IL-2 production (TCR-independent stimulation, anti-CD28 mAb, or exogenous IL-6) by neonatal T cells. |
| 1407 | 8759713 | However, IL-2 alone is not sufficient to support functional rescue from apoptosis; only IL-6 supports the ability of these cells both to survive and to mount vigorous secondary responses. |
| 1408 | 8771731 | The protective activity of Lm79/39 correlated (r = 0.64) with its mitogenic properties and its capacity for activating the production of interleukin-1- and interleukin-2-like factors. |
| 1409 | 8778016 | The activation state of the T cells was established by staining for the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (CD25), HLA-DR or the transferrin receptor (CD71). |
| 1410 | 8778021 | The cytokine profiles of B. pertussis-specific T cells in immune animals were determined using antigen-stimulated ex vivo spleen cells or CD4+ T-cell lines and clones established in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-4. |
| 1411 | 8778021 | However, a proportion of T cells from convalescent mice, especially when cultured in the presence of IL-4, secreted IL-4 and IL-5 with or without detectable IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), suggesting that Th0 or Th2 cells were also primed during natural infection in vivo. |
| 1412 | 8778021 | Furthermore, when mice were assessed 6 months after infection, spleen cells produced significant levels of IL-4 and IL-5, which were not evident at 6 weeks. |
| 1413 | 8778021 | The cytokine profiles of B. pertussis-specific T cells in immune animals were determined using antigen-stimulated ex vivo spleen cells or CD4+ T-cell lines and clones established in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-4. |
| 1414 | 8778021 | However, a proportion of T cells from convalescent mice, especially when cultured in the presence of IL-4, secreted IL-4 and IL-5 with or without detectable IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), suggesting that Th0 or Th2 cells were also primed during natural infection in vivo. |
| 1415 | 8778021 | Furthermore, when mice were assessed 6 months after infection, spleen cells produced significant levels of IL-4 and IL-5, which were not evident at 6 weeks. |
| 1416 | 8793547 | IL-2 adenovector-transduced neuroblasts are immunostimulatory; when they are cultured with patient lymphocytes, they increase the proportion of DR+ T cells and generate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) unrestricted cytotoxic effector cells active against parental (nontransduced) tumor cells. |
| 1417 | 8806794 | Effect of irradiation on cytokine production, MHC antigen expression, and vaccine potential of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma gene-modified melanoma cells. |
| 1418 | 8806794 | Recent studies have shown that tumor cells transduced with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) genes stimulated a potent and specific antitumor immunity in experimental animals. |
| 1419 | 8806794 | Effect of irradiation on cytokine production, MHC antigen expression, and vaccine potential of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma gene-modified melanoma cells. |
| 1420 | 8806794 | Recent studies have shown that tumor cells transduced with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) genes stimulated a potent and specific antitumor immunity in experimental animals. |
| 1421 | 8816812 | To determine what barriers the "immunologically privileged" CNS would pose to cytokine-assisted tumor vaccines and what cytokines would be most efficacious against tumors within the CNS, we irradiated B16 murine melanoma cells producing murine interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, gamma-interferon, or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and used these cells as subcutaneous vaccines against tumors within the brain. |
| 1422 | 8816812 | Under conditions where untransfected B16 cells had no effect, cells producing IL-3, IL-6, or GM-CSF increased the survival of mice challenged with viable B16 cells in the brain. |
| 1423 | 8816812 | Vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-4 or gamma-interferon had no effect, and vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-2 decreased survival time. |
| 1424 | 8816812 | The response elicited by GM-CSF-producing vaccines was found to be specific to tumor type and to be abrogated by depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 1425 | 8816812 | Unlike the immunity generated against subcutaneous tumors by GM-CSF, however, the effector responses generated against tumors in the CNS were not dependent on CD4+ cells. |
| 1426 | 8816812 | To determine what barriers the "immunologically privileged" CNS would pose to cytokine-assisted tumor vaccines and what cytokines would be most efficacious against tumors within the CNS, we irradiated B16 murine melanoma cells producing murine interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, gamma-interferon, or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and used these cells as subcutaneous vaccines against tumors within the brain. |
| 1427 | 8816812 | Under conditions where untransfected B16 cells had no effect, cells producing IL-3, IL-6, or GM-CSF increased the survival of mice challenged with viable B16 cells in the brain. |
| 1428 | 8816812 | Vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-4 or gamma-interferon had no effect, and vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-2 decreased survival time. |
| 1429 | 8816812 | The response elicited by GM-CSF-producing vaccines was found to be specific to tumor type and to be abrogated by depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 1430 | 8816812 | Unlike the immunity generated against subcutaneous tumors by GM-CSF, however, the effector responses generated against tumors in the CNS were not dependent on CD4+ cells. |
| 1431 | 8817821 | Both iscoms and flu-Ag mixed with iscom-matrix induced antigen-specific antibodies with similar IgG subclass distribution and activated spleen cells producing high levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in vitro. |
| 1432 | 8834769 | Transfection of SW480 cells resulted in stable IL-2 secretion at 5-30 ng/ml per 10(5) cells in 24 h and, unexpectedly, in CD54 expression on the cell surface. |
| 1433 | 8834769 | SW480 variants expressing IL-2 and CD54 were tested for their capacity to induce T lymphocyte activation in vitro in comparison to untransfected and CD54 transfected cells. |
| 1434 | 8834769 | The cytolytic effector function of a class I MHC restricted CD8+, peptide antigen specific T cell clone was augmented following expression of CD54. |
| 1435 | 8834769 | Transfection of SW480 cells resulted in stable IL-2 secretion at 5-30 ng/ml per 10(5) cells in 24 h and, unexpectedly, in CD54 expression on the cell surface. |
| 1436 | 8834769 | SW480 variants expressing IL-2 and CD54 were tested for their capacity to induce T lymphocyte activation in vitro in comparison to untransfected and CD54 transfected cells. |
| 1437 | 8834769 | The cytolytic effector function of a class I MHC restricted CD8+, peptide antigen specific T cell clone was augmented following expression of CD54. |
| 1438 | 8843636 | Splenic cells of LC-p467 immunized mice stimulated in vitro with LC-p467 displayed strong proliferative responses and secretion of IL-2, IFN-tau and GM-CSF (but not IL-4 and IL-10) suggesting that immunization with the lipopeptide induced the TH1 type cytokine responses associated with cell-mediated immunity. |
| 1439 | 8845573 | Options currently under investigation include the development of more effective conditioning regimens, as applied in double auto-transplant or with targeted therapy using antibody-radionuclide conjugates, as well as post-transplant immunomodulation with either IFN-alpha, interleukin-2 or idiotype vaccines. |
| 1440 | 8861035 | Production and specificity of antibodies, cytotoxic responses of macrophages and NK-cells, spontaneous production ex vivo of cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha in spleen cell cultures in C3H/HeJ (Lps(d)) mice in comparison with C3H/HeN (Lps(n)) mice were tested. |
| 1441 | 8869107 | Tumour cell vaccines that secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) are recognised by T cells while resisting destruction by natural killer (NK) cells. |
| 1442 | 8869107 | The inoculation into mice of genetically engineered tumour cells that secrete IL-2 or IFN gamma results in rejection, while unmodified parental tumour cells grow progressively. |
| 1443 | 8869107 | In vivo studies demonstrated synergy between IL-2 and IFN gamma leading to the rejection of the transduced tumour cells. |
| 1444 | 8869107 | IFN gamma induced the upregulation of MHC class I molecules that present peptides to CD8+ T cells. |
| 1445 | 8869107 | Thus, for T cells, IL-2/IFN gamma-secreting double cytokine tumour cell vaccines might serve as class I+ peptide/antigen presenting depots for developing effector cells. |
| 1446 | 8869107 | Our results demonstrated that T cells recognised tumour cells secreting IFN gamma better than those secreting IL-2. |
| 1447 | 8869107 | NK cells, in contrast, were inhibited by tumour cells that secreted IFN gamma, but not by those that secreted IL-2. |
| 1448 | 8869107 | Tumour cell vaccines that secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) are recognised by T cells while resisting destruction by natural killer (NK) cells. |
| 1449 | 8869107 | The inoculation into mice of genetically engineered tumour cells that secrete IL-2 or IFN gamma results in rejection, while unmodified parental tumour cells grow progressively. |
| 1450 | 8869107 | In vivo studies demonstrated synergy between IL-2 and IFN gamma leading to the rejection of the transduced tumour cells. |
| 1451 | 8869107 | IFN gamma induced the upregulation of MHC class I molecules that present peptides to CD8+ T cells. |
| 1452 | 8869107 | Thus, for T cells, IL-2/IFN gamma-secreting double cytokine tumour cell vaccines might serve as class I+ peptide/antigen presenting depots for developing effector cells. |
| 1453 | 8869107 | Our results demonstrated that T cells recognised tumour cells secreting IFN gamma better than those secreting IL-2. |
| 1454 | 8869107 | NK cells, in contrast, were inhibited by tumour cells that secreted IFN gamma, but not by those that secreted IL-2. |
| 1455 | 8869107 | Tumour cell vaccines that secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) are recognised by T cells while resisting destruction by natural killer (NK) cells. |
| 1456 | 8869107 | The inoculation into mice of genetically engineered tumour cells that secrete IL-2 or IFN gamma results in rejection, while unmodified parental tumour cells grow progressively. |
| 1457 | 8869107 | In vivo studies demonstrated synergy between IL-2 and IFN gamma leading to the rejection of the transduced tumour cells. |
| 1458 | 8869107 | IFN gamma induced the upregulation of MHC class I molecules that present peptides to CD8+ T cells. |
| 1459 | 8869107 | Thus, for T cells, IL-2/IFN gamma-secreting double cytokine tumour cell vaccines might serve as class I+ peptide/antigen presenting depots for developing effector cells. |
| 1460 | 8869107 | Our results demonstrated that T cells recognised tumour cells secreting IFN gamma better than those secreting IL-2. |
| 1461 | 8869107 | NK cells, in contrast, were inhibited by tumour cells that secreted IFN gamma, but not by those that secreted IL-2. |
| 1462 | 8869107 | Tumour cell vaccines that secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) are recognised by T cells while resisting destruction by natural killer (NK) cells. |
| 1463 | 8869107 | The inoculation into mice of genetically engineered tumour cells that secrete IL-2 or IFN gamma results in rejection, while unmodified parental tumour cells grow progressively. |
| 1464 | 8869107 | In vivo studies demonstrated synergy between IL-2 and IFN gamma leading to the rejection of the transduced tumour cells. |
| 1465 | 8869107 | IFN gamma induced the upregulation of MHC class I molecules that present peptides to CD8+ T cells. |
| 1466 | 8869107 | Thus, for T cells, IL-2/IFN gamma-secreting double cytokine tumour cell vaccines might serve as class I+ peptide/antigen presenting depots for developing effector cells. |
| 1467 | 8869107 | Our results demonstrated that T cells recognised tumour cells secreting IFN gamma better than those secreting IL-2. |
| 1468 | 8869107 | NK cells, in contrast, were inhibited by tumour cells that secreted IFN gamma, but not by those that secreted IL-2. |
| 1469 | 8869107 | Tumour cell vaccines that secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) are recognised by T cells while resisting destruction by natural killer (NK) cells. |
| 1470 | 8869107 | The inoculation into mice of genetically engineered tumour cells that secrete IL-2 or IFN gamma results in rejection, while unmodified parental tumour cells grow progressively. |
| 1471 | 8869107 | In vivo studies demonstrated synergy between IL-2 and IFN gamma leading to the rejection of the transduced tumour cells. |
| 1472 | 8869107 | IFN gamma induced the upregulation of MHC class I molecules that present peptides to CD8+ T cells. |
| 1473 | 8869107 | Thus, for T cells, IL-2/IFN gamma-secreting double cytokine tumour cell vaccines might serve as class I+ peptide/antigen presenting depots for developing effector cells. |
| 1474 | 8869107 | Our results demonstrated that T cells recognised tumour cells secreting IFN gamma better than those secreting IL-2. |
| 1475 | 8869107 | NK cells, in contrast, were inhibited by tumour cells that secreted IFN gamma, but not by those that secreted IL-2. |
| 1476 | 8869107 | Tumour cell vaccines that secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) are recognised by T cells while resisting destruction by natural killer (NK) cells. |
| 1477 | 8869107 | The inoculation into mice of genetically engineered tumour cells that secrete IL-2 or IFN gamma results in rejection, while unmodified parental tumour cells grow progressively. |
| 1478 | 8869107 | In vivo studies demonstrated synergy between IL-2 and IFN gamma leading to the rejection of the transduced tumour cells. |
| 1479 | 8869107 | IFN gamma induced the upregulation of MHC class I molecules that present peptides to CD8+ T cells. |
| 1480 | 8869107 | Thus, for T cells, IL-2/IFN gamma-secreting double cytokine tumour cell vaccines might serve as class I+ peptide/antigen presenting depots for developing effector cells. |
| 1481 | 8869107 | Our results demonstrated that T cells recognised tumour cells secreting IFN gamma better than those secreting IL-2. |
| 1482 | 8869107 | NK cells, in contrast, were inhibited by tumour cells that secreted IFN gamma, but not by those that secreted IL-2. |
| 1483 | 8875593 | Immunization with peptide led mainly to a Th1-type cytokine profile following antigenic restimulation in vitro, while lipopeptide, in general, induced a mixed profile, and that occurred most significantly with the production of messengers for the protective cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2, even without antigenic restimulations. |
| 1484 | 8877133 | Differential effects of interleukin-12, interleukin-15, and interleukin-2 on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vitro. |
| 1485 | 8877133 | The effect of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-15 on in vitro HIV-1 replication was investigated. |
| 1486 | 8877133 | IL-12 and IL-15 at doses up to 10 ng/ml had little effect on basal HIV-1 p24 antigen production by chronically HIV-infected T (ACH-2) and monocytic (U1) cell lines. |
| 1487 | 8877133 | For ACH-2 cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 50 ng/ml), IL-12 and IL-15 significantly increased p24 antigen production by 20 and 30%, respectively (n = 6). |
| 1488 | 8877133 | In contrast, IL-12 and IL-15 (10 ng/ml) treatment of PMA-stimulated U1 cells decreased p24 antigen production by 16 and 15%, respectively (n = 6). |
| 1489 | 8877133 | We next studied the effect of IL-12 and IL-15 on HIV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). |
| 1490 | 8877133 | In 10 HIV-seropositive patients' PBMCs cocultured with mitogen-activated HIV-seronegative donor cells, two patterns of p24 antigen production were observed in response to IL-2: low (p24 antigen production < 10(3) pg/ml; n = 8) and high (p24 antigen production > 10(3) pg/ml; n = 2) response. |
| 1491 | 8877133 | For the low-response pattern, IL-12 and IL-15 increased viral replication by 97-fold and 100-fold, respectively (P = 0.05 and 0.004, respectively). |
| 1492 | 8877133 | For the high-response pattern, both IL-12 and IL-15 suppressed HIV replication. |
| 1493 | 8877133 | The effect of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 on acute in vitro infection by HIV-1JRCSF was also examined. |
| 1494 | 8877133 | IL-12 did not increase p24 antigen production above basal levels while IL-2 and IL-15 significantly enhanced p24 antigen production (by approximately 2-fold). |
| 1495 | 8877133 | In conclusion, IL-12 and IL-15 may have differential effects on latent and acute HIV infection, and their ability to enhance HIV production may depend on cell activation. |
| 1496 | 8877133 | Differential effects of interleukin-12, interleukin-15, and interleukin-2 on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vitro. |
| 1497 | 8877133 | The effect of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-15 on in vitro HIV-1 replication was investigated. |
| 1498 | 8877133 | IL-12 and IL-15 at doses up to 10 ng/ml had little effect on basal HIV-1 p24 antigen production by chronically HIV-infected T (ACH-2) and monocytic (U1) cell lines. |
| 1499 | 8877133 | For ACH-2 cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 50 ng/ml), IL-12 and IL-15 significantly increased p24 antigen production by 20 and 30%, respectively (n = 6). |
| 1500 | 8877133 | In contrast, IL-12 and IL-15 (10 ng/ml) treatment of PMA-stimulated U1 cells decreased p24 antigen production by 16 and 15%, respectively (n = 6). |
| 1501 | 8877133 | We next studied the effect of IL-12 and IL-15 on HIV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). |
| 1502 | 8877133 | In 10 HIV-seropositive patients' PBMCs cocultured with mitogen-activated HIV-seronegative donor cells, two patterns of p24 antigen production were observed in response to IL-2: low (p24 antigen production < 10(3) pg/ml; n = 8) and high (p24 antigen production > 10(3) pg/ml; n = 2) response. |
| 1503 | 8877133 | For the low-response pattern, IL-12 and IL-15 increased viral replication by 97-fold and 100-fold, respectively (P = 0.05 and 0.004, respectively). |
| 1504 | 8877133 | For the high-response pattern, both IL-12 and IL-15 suppressed HIV replication. |
| 1505 | 8877133 | The effect of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 on acute in vitro infection by HIV-1JRCSF was also examined. |
| 1506 | 8877133 | IL-12 did not increase p24 antigen production above basal levels while IL-2 and IL-15 significantly enhanced p24 antigen production (by approximately 2-fold). |
| 1507 | 8877133 | In conclusion, IL-12 and IL-15 may have differential effects on latent and acute HIV infection, and their ability to enhance HIV production may depend on cell activation. |
| 1508 | 8877133 | Differential effects of interleukin-12, interleukin-15, and interleukin-2 on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vitro. |
| 1509 | 8877133 | The effect of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-15 on in vitro HIV-1 replication was investigated. |
| 1510 | 8877133 | IL-12 and IL-15 at doses up to 10 ng/ml had little effect on basal HIV-1 p24 antigen production by chronically HIV-infected T (ACH-2) and monocytic (U1) cell lines. |
| 1511 | 8877133 | For ACH-2 cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 50 ng/ml), IL-12 and IL-15 significantly increased p24 antigen production by 20 and 30%, respectively (n = 6). |
| 1512 | 8877133 | In contrast, IL-12 and IL-15 (10 ng/ml) treatment of PMA-stimulated U1 cells decreased p24 antigen production by 16 and 15%, respectively (n = 6). |
| 1513 | 8877133 | We next studied the effect of IL-12 and IL-15 on HIV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). |
| 1514 | 8877133 | In 10 HIV-seropositive patients' PBMCs cocultured with mitogen-activated HIV-seronegative donor cells, two patterns of p24 antigen production were observed in response to IL-2: low (p24 antigen production < 10(3) pg/ml; n = 8) and high (p24 antigen production > 10(3) pg/ml; n = 2) response. |
| 1515 | 8877133 | For the low-response pattern, IL-12 and IL-15 increased viral replication by 97-fold and 100-fold, respectively (P = 0.05 and 0.004, respectively). |
| 1516 | 8877133 | For the high-response pattern, both IL-12 and IL-15 suppressed HIV replication. |
| 1517 | 8877133 | The effect of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 on acute in vitro infection by HIV-1JRCSF was also examined. |
| 1518 | 8877133 | IL-12 did not increase p24 antigen production above basal levels while IL-2 and IL-15 significantly enhanced p24 antigen production (by approximately 2-fold). |
| 1519 | 8877133 | In conclusion, IL-12 and IL-15 may have differential effects on latent and acute HIV infection, and their ability to enhance HIV production may depend on cell activation. |
| 1520 | 8877133 | Differential effects of interleukin-12, interleukin-15, and interleukin-2 on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vitro. |
| 1521 | 8877133 | The effect of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-15 on in vitro HIV-1 replication was investigated. |
| 1522 | 8877133 | IL-12 and IL-15 at doses up to 10 ng/ml had little effect on basal HIV-1 p24 antigen production by chronically HIV-infected T (ACH-2) and monocytic (U1) cell lines. |
| 1523 | 8877133 | For ACH-2 cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 50 ng/ml), IL-12 and IL-15 significantly increased p24 antigen production by 20 and 30%, respectively (n = 6). |
| 1524 | 8877133 | In contrast, IL-12 and IL-15 (10 ng/ml) treatment of PMA-stimulated U1 cells decreased p24 antigen production by 16 and 15%, respectively (n = 6). |
| 1525 | 8877133 | We next studied the effect of IL-12 and IL-15 on HIV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). |
| 1526 | 8877133 | In 10 HIV-seropositive patients' PBMCs cocultured with mitogen-activated HIV-seronegative donor cells, two patterns of p24 antigen production were observed in response to IL-2: low (p24 antigen production < 10(3) pg/ml; n = 8) and high (p24 antigen production > 10(3) pg/ml; n = 2) response. |
| 1527 | 8877133 | For the low-response pattern, IL-12 and IL-15 increased viral replication by 97-fold and 100-fold, respectively (P = 0.05 and 0.004, respectively). |
| 1528 | 8877133 | For the high-response pattern, both IL-12 and IL-15 suppressed HIV replication. |
| 1529 | 8877133 | The effect of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 on acute in vitro infection by HIV-1JRCSF was also examined. |
| 1530 | 8877133 | IL-12 did not increase p24 antigen production above basal levels while IL-2 and IL-15 significantly enhanced p24 antigen production (by approximately 2-fold). |
| 1531 | 8877133 | In conclusion, IL-12 and IL-15 may have differential effects on latent and acute HIV infection, and their ability to enhance HIV production may depend on cell activation. |
| 1532 | 8890192 | Accessory function could also be provided by the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-4, or IL-5 but not IL-2 or IL-6. |
| 1533 | 8894351 | More recently, cells other than CD4+ T cells, including CD8+ T cells, monocytes, NK cells, B cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, and other cells, have been shown to be capable of producing "Th1" and "Th2" cytokines. |
| 1534 | 8894351 | In this review, we examine the literature on human diseases, using the nomenclature of type 1 (Th1-like) and type 2 (Th2-like) cytokines, which includes all cell types producing these cytokines rather than only CD4+ T cells. |
| 1535 | 8894351 | Type 1 cytokines include interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor beta, while type 2 cytokines include IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13. |
| 1536 | 8894351 | For example, gamma interferon and IL-12 decrease the levels of type 2 cytokines whereas IL-4 and IL-10 decrease the levels of type 1 cytokines. |
| 1537 | 8901428 | The consequences of complexing an antigen with specific antibodies upon the antigen-induced immune response were studied with respect to secretion of interleukin-2 (IL2), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-10 (IL10) and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma). |
| 1538 | 8901428 | While tetanus toxoid antigen alone induced a typical Th1-like cytokine pattern with high levels of IL2 and IFN gamma, equivalent or antibody-excess immune complexes induced a marked secretion of IL6 and IL10 while failing to induce IL2 and IFN gamma secretion. |
| 1539 | 8901428 | The consequences of complexing an antigen with specific antibodies upon the antigen-induced immune response were studied with respect to secretion of interleukin-2 (IL2), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-10 (IL10) and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma). |
| 1540 | 8901428 | While tetanus toxoid antigen alone induced a typical Th1-like cytokine pattern with high levels of IL2 and IFN gamma, equivalent or antibody-excess immune complexes induced a marked secretion of IL6 and IL10 while failing to induce IL2 and IFN gamma secretion. |
| 1541 | 8908497 | Ex vivo gene therapy involving interleukin-2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor transduced whole tumour cell vaccines has shown great promise in animal models. |
| 1542 | 8908498 | Comparison of IL-2- and IL-4-transfected B16-F10 cells with a novel oil-microemulsion adjuvant for B16-F10 whole cell tumour vaccine. |
| 1543 | 8911011 | By stimulation with the peptide and BLV virion, the spleen cells from the immunized mice produced a large amount of IFN-gamma and IL-2, whereas they released neither IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 1544 | 8911152 | The response to CA priming was characterized by an early and high expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-1 beta mRNAs At 24hr. |
| 1545 | 8911152 | IL-2 mRNA was still at a high level, while IL-1 beta had greatly decreased. |
| 1546 | 8911152 | A weak expression of IL-10 was only induced at 2 hr. whereas IL-12 p40 subunit, interferon-7 (IFN-7) IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were undetectable. |
| 1547 | 8911152 | A progressive increase of IL-2 mRNA expression was also induced whereas IL-1 beta and IL-10 mRNAs were always transiently expressed at 2 hr at levels similar to those observed after the priming. |
| 1548 | 8911152 | IL-12 p40 subunit. |
| 1549 | 8911152 | IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were never detectable. |
| 1550 | 8911152 | The anamnestic response to CA was characterized by a very quick induction of high levels of IL-2, II N-gamma and IL-1 beta mRNAs. |
| 1551 | 8911152 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNAs remained high up to 24 hr while IL-1 beta mRNA decreased strongly. |
| 1552 | 8911152 | A weak, transient expression of IL-10 mRNA was induced at 2 hr whereas the IL-12 p40 subunit, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were not detectable. |
| 1553 | 8911152 | The response to CA priming was characterized by an early and high expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-1 beta mRNAs At 24hr. |
| 1554 | 8911152 | IL-2 mRNA was still at a high level, while IL-1 beta had greatly decreased. |
| 1555 | 8911152 | A weak expression of IL-10 was only induced at 2 hr. whereas IL-12 p40 subunit, interferon-7 (IFN-7) IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were undetectable. |
| 1556 | 8911152 | A progressive increase of IL-2 mRNA expression was also induced whereas IL-1 beta and IL-10 mRNAs were always transiently expressed at 2 hr at levels similar to those observed after the priming. |
| 1557 | 8911152 | IL-12 p40 subunit. |
| 1558 | 8911152 | IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were never detectable. |
| 1559 | 8911152 | The anamnestic response to CA was characterized by a very quick induction of high levels of IL-2, II N-gamma and IL-1 beta mRNAs. |
| 1560 | 8911152 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNAs remained high up to 24 hr while IL-1 beta mRNA decreased strongly. |
| 1561 | 8911152 | A weak, transient expression of IL-10 mRNA was induced at 2 hr whereas the IL-12 p40 subunit, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were not detectable. |
| 1562 | 8911152 | The response to CA priming was characterized by an early and high expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-1 beta mRNAs At 24hr. |
| 1563 | 8911152 | IL-2 mRNA was still at a high level, while IL-1 beta had greatly decreased. |
| 1564 | 8911152 | A weak expression of IL-10 was only induced at 2 hr. whereas IL-12 p40 subunit, interferon-7 (IFN-7) IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were undetectable. |
| 1565 | 8911152 | A progressive increase of IL-2 mRNA expression was also induced whereas IL-1 beta and IL-10 mRNAs were always transiently expressed at 2 hr at levels similar to those observed after the priming. |
| 1566 | 8911152 | IL-12 p40 subunit. |
| 1567 | 8911152 | IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were never detectable. |
| 1568 | 8911152 | The anamnestic response to CA was characterized by a very quick induction of high levels of IL-2, II N-gamma and IL-1 beta mRNAs. |
| 1569 | 8911152 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNAs remained high up to 24 hr while IL-1 beta mRNA decreased strongly. |
| 1570 | 8911152 | A weak, transient expression of IL-10 mRNA was induced at 2 hr whereas the IL-12 p40 subunit, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were not detectable. |
| 1571 | 8911152 | The response to CA priming was characterized by an early and high expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-1 beta mRNAs At 24hr. |
| 1572 | 8911152 | IL-2 mRNA was still at a high level, while IL-1 beta had greatly decreased. |
| 1573 | 8911152 | A weak expression of IL-10 was only induced at 2 hr. whereas IL-12 p40 subunit, interferon-7 (IFN-7) IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were undetectable. |
| 1574 | 8911152 | A progressive increase of IL-2 mRNA expression was also induced whereas IL-1 beta and IL-10 mRNAs were always transiently expressed at 2 hr at levels similar to those observed after the priming. |
| 1575 | 8911152 | IL-12 p40 subunit. |
| 1576 | 8911152 | IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were never detectable. |
| 1577 | 8911152 | The anamnestic response to CA was characterized by a very quick induction of high levels of IL-2, II N-gamma and IL-1 beta mRNAs. |
| 1578 | 8911152 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNAs remained high up to 24 hr while IL-1 beta mRNA decreased strongly. |
| 1579 | 8911152 | A weak, transient expression of IL-10 mRNA was induced at 2 hr whereas the IL-12 p40 subunit, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were not detectable. |
| 1580 | 8911152 | The response to CA priming was characterized by an early and high expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-1 beta mRNAs At 24hr. |
| 1581 | 8911152 | IL-2 mRNA was still at a high level, while IL-1 beta had greatly decreased. |
| 1582 | 8911152 | A weak expression of IL-10 was only induced at 2 hr. whereas IL-12 p40 subunit, interferon-7 (IFN-7) IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were undetectable. |
| 1583 | 8911152 | A progressive increase of IL-2 mRNA expression was also induced whereas IL-1 beta and IL-10 mRNAs were always transiently expressed at 2 hr at levels similar to those observed after the priming. |
| 1584 | 8911152 | IL-12 p40 subunit. |
| 1585 | 8911152 | IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were never detectable. |
| 1586 | 8911152 | The anamnestic response to CA was characterized by a very quick induction of high levels of IL-2, II N-gamma and IL-1 beta mRNAs. |
| 1587 | 8911152 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNAs remained high up to 24 hr while IL-1 beta mRNA decreased strongly. |
| 1588 | 8911152 | A weak, transient expression of IL-10 mRNA was induced at 2 hr whereas the IL-12 p40 subunit, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were not detectable. |
| 1589 | 8914208 | A number of regimens combining IL-2, IFN-alpha, and chemotherapeutic agents have yielded striking response rates in small trials and await confirmation in larger studies. |
| 1590 | 8918692 | This was accompanied by augmentation of the IRBP-specific IgG1 antibody (Th2) response and down-regulation of the IRBP-specific IgG2a (Th1) response. |
| 1591 | 8918692 | Consistent with this is the observation that two of two T cell lines established from p518-529-primed mice produced Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), whereas three of three T cell lines obtained from IRBP-primed mice produced Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma). |
| 1592 | 8923133 | Recombinant (r) interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2 and interferon (IFN) gamma have been used primarily to enhance humoral responses with enhanced protection assessed where appropriate. |
| 1593 | 8923133 | Cytokine adjuvant studies in ruminants have been restricted to recombinant ovine (rov) and bovine (rbov) IL-1 and IL-2. |
| 1594 | 8923133 | Based on analysis in mouse models of helminth infection, other cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 may be appropriate for vaccines based on induction of mechanisms involved in natural immunity. |
| 1595 | 8923133 | Recombinant (r) interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2 and interferon (IFN) gamma have been used primarily to enhance humoral responses with enhanced protection assessed where appropriate. |
| 1596 | 8923133 | Cytokine adjuvant studies in ruminants have been restricted to recombinant ovine (rov) and bovine (rbov) IL-1 and IL-2. |
| 1597 | 8923133 | Based on analysis in mouse models of helminth infection, other cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 may be appropriate for vaccines based on induction of mechanisms involved in natural immunity. |
| 1598 | 8926072 | Measurements of cytokine secretion profiles demonstrated a preferential induction of interleukin 2- and gamma interferon-producing T-helper 1 cells and only low production of interleukin 10. |
| 1599 | 8932765 | While all four groups showed low levels of IL-10, the Freund's (sc) and alum groups had higher levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 than Freund's (ip) and Ribi-700 groups, and most strikingly, no IL-4 could be detected in either the Freund's (sc) or the alum group, in contrast to significant levels of IL-4 in both the Freund's (ip) and the Ribi-700 group. |
| 1600 | 8932764 | Antigen-stimulated cells were harvested for CD4 and CD8 phenotype analysis and the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) produced were also determined. |
| 1601 | 8932764 | Results show two different patterns of Lb-induced T cell responses: (a) predominance of responding CD4+ cells and mixed type 1 and type 2 cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4) during the active disease, (b) similar proportions of responding CD4+ and CD8+ cells and type 1 cytokine production (presence of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and very low IL-4) at the end of therapy (healed lesions). |
| 1602 | 8932764 | However, the P-4- or P-8-stimulated cultures had similar percentages of reactive CD4+ and CD8+ cells, as well as type 1 cytokines (presence of IFN-gamma and IL-2, and low levels or absence of IL-4) in the supernatants both before and at the end of therapy. |
| 1603 | 8932764 | Antigen-stimulated cells were harvested for CD4 and CD8 phenotype analysis and the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) produced were also determined. |
| 1604 | 8932764 | Results show two different patterns of Lb-induced T cell responses: (a) predominance of responding CD4+ cells and mixed type 1 and type 2 cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4) during the active disease, (b) similar proportions of responding CD4+ and CD8+ cells and type 1 cytokine production (presence of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and very low IL-4) at the end of therapy (healed lesions). |
| 1605 | 8932764 | However, the P-4- or P-8-stimulated cultures had similar percentages of reactive CD4+ and CD8+ cells, as well as type 1 cytokines (presence of IFN-gamma and IL-2, and low levels or absence of IL-4) in the supernatants both before and at the end of therapy. |
| 1606 | 8932764 | Antigen-stimulated cells were harvested for CD4 and CD8 phenotype analysis and the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) produced were also determined. |
| 1607 | 8932764 | Results show two different patterns of Lb-induced T cell responses: (a) predominance of responding CD4+ cells and mixed type 1 and type 2 cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4) during the active disease, (b) similar proportions of responding CD4+ and CD8+ cells and type 1 cytokine production (presence of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and very low IL-4) at the end of therapy (healed lesions). |
| 1608 | 8932764 | However, the P-4- or P-8-stimulated cultures had similar percentages of reactive CD4+ and CD8+ cells, as well as type 1 cytokines (presence of IFN-gamma and IL-2, and low levels or absence of IL-4) in the supernatants both before and at the end of therapy. |
| 1609 | 8933818 | Northern blot analysis revealed that 2 h after CA-5d, PECs expressed a high level of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta and a low level of IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNAs, while IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were absent, suggesting the development of TH1 subset. |
| 1610 | 8933818 | At 24 h, while IL-2 mRNA remained high, IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma expression had decreased and IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNAs were no longer detectable. |
| 1611 | 8933818 | Instead, in spleens of CA-treated mice, examined up to 5 days after CA-5d, only IL-2 and IL-1 beta mRNAs were detectable, but the expression level was similar to that of untreated control mice. |
| 1612 | 8933818 | Northern blot analysis revealed that 2 h after CA-5d, PECs expressed a high level of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta and a low level of IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNAs, while IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were absent, suggesting the development of TH1 subset. |
| 1613 | 8933818 | At 24 h, while IL-2 mRNA remained high, IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma expression had decreased and IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNAs were no longer detectable. |
| 1614 | 8933818 | Instead, in spleens of CA-treated mice, examined up to 5 days after CA-5d, only IL-2 and IL-1 beta mRNAs were detectable, but the expression level was similar to that of untreated control mice. |
| 1615 | 8933818 | Northern blot analysis revealed that 2 h after CA-5d, PECs expressed a high level of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta and a low level of IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNAs, while IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were absent, suggesting the development of TH1 subset. |
| 1616 | 8933818 | At 24 h, while IL-2 mRNA remained high, IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma expression had decreased and IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNAs were no longer detectable. |
| 1617 | 8933818 | Instead, in spleens of CA-treated mice, examined up to 5 days after CA-5d, only IL-2 and IL-1 beta mRNAs were detectable, but the expression level was similar to that of untreated control mice. |
| 1618 | 8954146 | Our results suggest that the CD8+ T lymphocytes are implicated in the anti-tumour reaction elicited by the IL-2-transfected cells. |
| 1619 | 8955168 | We have recently described the cDNA and predicted protein structure of a natural soluble CD4 ligand, IL-16. |
| 1620 | 8955168 | IL-16 is chemotactic for CD4+ T cells and induces functional IL-2 receptors in CD4+ T cells. |
| 1621 | 8955168 | The binding of IL-16 to CD4 results in activation of p56(lck), whose adaptor function is essential for the chemotactic response. |
| 1622 | 8955168 | Because of the similarities between these signals and functions and those noted for the CD4 ligand HIV-1 gp120, we investigated the potential regulatory effects of IL-16 on CD3/TCR-mediated lymphocyte activation. |
| 1623 | 8955168 | In addition, IL-16 had no effect on surface expression of CD3 or CD4. |
| 1624 | 8955168 | These studies indicate that while the interaction of CD4 with its natural ligand, IL-16, results in Ag-independent chemotaxis and IL-2R expression, this pro-inflammatory state is associated with subsequent transient inhibition of responsiveness via the CD3/TCR complex. |
| 1625 | 8955204 | Comparison between IL-12 and IL-2 gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines. |
| 1626 | 8955204 | We have compared the therapeutic activity and characterized the antitumor response induced by IL-12 and IL-2 gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines. |
| 1627 | 8955204 | Mice bearing lung metastases of the BALB/c colon carcinoma C51 were treated with syngenic, histologically related, and antigenically cross-reacting irradiated IL-12 (C26/IL12) or IL-2 (C26/IL2) gene-transduced C26 tumor cells given s.c. |
| 1628 | 8955204 | CD4+ lymphocytes purified from the lymph nodes draining the vaccination site or from the spleen showed a higher production of IFN-gamma in response to anti-CD3 mAb in C26/IL12 vaccinated mice, while a higher production of IL-4 was shown in mice vaccinated with C26/IL2 cells. |
| 1629 | 8955204 | Comparison between IL-12 and IL-2 gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines. |
| 1630 | 8955204 | We have compared the therapeutic activity and characterized the antitumor response induced by IL-12 and IL-2 gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines. |
| 1631 | 8955204 | Mice bearing lung metastases of the BALB/c colon carcinoma C51 were treated with syngenic, histologically related, and antigenically cross-reacting irradiated IL-12 (C26/IL12) or IL-2 (C26/IL2) gene-transduced C26 tumor cells given s.c. |
| 1632 | 8955204 | CD4+ lymphocytes purified from the lymph nodes draining the vaccination site or from the spleen showed a higher production of IFN-gamma in response to anti-CD3 mAb in C26/IL12 vaccinated mice, while a higher production of IL-4 was shown in mice vaccinated with C26/IL2 cells. |
| 1633 | 8955204 | Comparison between IL-12 and IL-2 gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines. |
| 1634 | 8955204 | We have compared the therapeutic activity and characterized the antitumor response induced by IL-12 and IL-2 gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines. |
| 1635 | 8955204 | Mice bearing lung metastases of the BALB/c colon carcinoma C51 were treated with syngenic, histologically related, and antigenically cross-reacting irradiated IL-12 (C26/IL12) or IL-2 (C26/IL2) gene-transduced C26 tumor cells given s.c. |
| 1636 | 8955204 | CD4+ lymphocytes purified from the lymph nodes draining the vaccination site or from the spleen showed a higher production of IFN-gamma in response to anti-CD3 mAb in C26/IL12 vaccinated mice, while a higher production of IL-4 was shown in mice vaccinated with C26/IL2 cells. |
| 1637 | 8964089 | Abortus ssb, uvrA, GroES, and GroEL genes into the prokaryotic expression vector pMAL-c2 using PCR. |
| 1638 | 8964089 | In addition to T-cell proliferative responses, CD4+ T cells were tested for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion. |
| 1639 | 8964089 | The cytokine profile of the proliferating cells was characteristic of a Th1 type, as we detected IL-2 and IFN-gamma but not IL-4 in the T-cell culture supernatants. |
| 1640 | 8964089 | Abortus ssb, uvrA, GroES, and GroEL genes into the prokaryotic expression vector pMAL-c2 using PCR. |
| 1641 | 8964089 | In addition to T-cell proliferative responses, CD4+ T cells were tested for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion. |
| 1642 | 8964089 | The cytokine profile of the proliferating cells was characteristic of a Th1 type, as we detected IL-2 and IFN-gamma but not IL-4 in the T-cell culture supernatants. |
| 1643 | 8977556 | The fact that complete and partial remissions are induced in some patients with metastatic malignant melanoma by INF-alpha, IL-2, LAK cells, TIL cells, tumor vaccines, and the like clearly indicates a potential role for immunotherapy. |
| 1644 | 8985336 | Plasmid vectors encoding the major (S) or middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were constructed and compared for their potential to induce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific immune responses with a vector encoding the middle envelope and IL-2 fusion protein or with a bicistronic vector separately encoding the middle envelope protein and IL-2. |
| 1645 | 8985336 | The use of plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein in the fusion or nonfusion context resulted in enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses. |
| 1646 | 8985336 | When restimulated with antigen in vitro, splenocytes from mice that received plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein produced much stronger T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses than did those from mice that had been given injections of plasmids encoding the envelope protein alone. |
| 1647 | 8985336 | Plasmid vectors encoding the major (S) or middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were constructed and compared for their potential to induce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific immune responses with a vector encoding the middle envelope and IL-2 fusion protein or with a bicistronic vector separately encoding the middle envelope protein and IL-2. |
| 1648 | 8985336 | The use of plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein in the fusion or nonfusion context resulted in enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses. |
| 1649 | 8985336 | When restimulated with antigen in vitro, splenocytes from mice that received plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein produced much stronger T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses than did those from mice that had been given injections of plasmids encoding the envelope protein alone. |
| 1650 | 8985336 | Plasmid vectors encoding the major (S) or middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were constructed and compared for their potential to induce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific immune responses with a vector encoding the middle envelope and IL-2 fusion protein or with a bicistronic vector separately encoding the middle envelope protein and IL-2. |
| 1651 | 8985336 | The use of plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein in the fusion or nonfusion context resulted in enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses. |
| 1652 | 8985336 | When restimulated with antigen in vitro, splenocytes from mice that received plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein produced much stronger T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses than did those from mice that had been given injections of plasmids encoding the envelope protein alone. |
| 1653 | 8988846 | Th1 cells have been characterised by the production of gamma-interferon, interleukin (IL)-2, tumour necrosis factor-beta (lymphotoxin-alpha) and the ability to mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, and Th2 cells by their production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 and the ability to stimulate production of mast cells, eosinophils and IgE. |
| 1654 | 8993754 | These include the ability to augment and accelerate reactions of delayed hypersensitivity against antigens to which the test subject has been previously sensitized, and the ability to enhance the expression in vitro on CD4 lymphocytes of the p55 subunit of the receptor for Interleukin-2. |
| 1655 | 8993754 | We also report our observation that in a patient with advanced HIV disease whose lymphocytes had lost there ability to properly express the IL-2 receptor, treatment with IMREGR-1 over a period of months restored the expression of the IL-2 receptor on the patient's CD4+ lymphocytes towards normal. |
| 1656 | 8993754 | These include the ability to augment and accelerate reactions of delayed hypersensitivity against antigens to which the test subject has been previously sensitized, and the ability to enhance the expression in vitro on CD4 lymphocytes of the p55 subunit of the receptor for Interleukin-2. |
| 1657 | 8993754 | We also report our observation that in a patient with advanced HIV disease whose lymphocytes had lost there ability to properly express the IL-2 receptor, treatment with IMREGR-1 over a period of months restored the expression of the IL-2 receptor on the patient's CD4+ lymphocytes towards normal. |
| 1658 | 9001822 | An evolving approach is the use of immunotherapy, such as interleukin-2, -6, and -12; interferon-gamma; and alpha-tumor necrosis factor. |
| 1659 | 9003747 | Induction of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in BALB/c mice immunised with subunit influenza A vaccine in combination with whole cell or acellular DTP vaccine. |
| 1660 | 9003747 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were assayed in supernates from these cultures by an ELISA procedure. |
| 1661 | 9003747 | Splenocytes from mice given subunit influenza vaccine in wDTP produced greater than two-fold and greater than five-fold responses of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, respectively, compared with splenocytes from mice immunised with subunit vaccine alone. |
| 1662 | 9003747 | The production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by these spleen cells was not significantly different on days 7 and 10 post-immunisation. |
| 1663 | 9003747 | The present studies confirm these earlier findings; furthermore, as the IL-2 and IFN-gamma responses of splenocytes are associated with Th-1 subset T-lymphocyte response, the findings indicate a cytotoxic T-cell response to immunisation. |
| 1664 | 9003747 | Induction of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in BALB/c mice immunised with subunit influenza A vaccine in combination with whole cell or acellular DTP vaccine. |
| 1665 | 9003747 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were assayed in supernates from these cultures by an ELISA procedure. |
| 1666 | 9003747 | Splenocytes from mice given subunit influenza vaccine in wDTP produced greater than two-fold and greater than five-fold responses of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, respectively, compared with splenocytes from mice immunised with subunit vaccine alone. |
| 1667 | 9003747 | The production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by these spleen cells was not significantly different on days 7 and 10 post-immunisation. |
| 1668 | 9003747 | The present studies confirm these earlier findings; furthermore, as the IL-2 and IFN-gamma responses of splenocytes are associated with Th-1 subset T-lymphocyte response, the findings indicate a cytotoxic T-cell response to immunisation. |
| 1669 | 9003747 | Induction of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in BALB/c mice immunised with subunit influenza A vaccine in combination with whole cell or acellular DTP vaccine. |
| 1670 | 9003747 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were assayed in supernates from these cultures by an ELISA procedure. |
| 1671 | 9003747 | Splenocytes from mice given subunit influenza vaccine in wDTP produced greater than two-fold and greater than five-fold responses of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, respectively, compared with splenocytes from mice immunised with subunit vaccine alone. |
| 1672 | 9003747 | The production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by these spleen cells was not significantly different on days 7 and 10 post-immunisation. |
| 1673 | 9003747 | The present studies confirm these earlier findings; furthermore, as the IL-2 and IFN-gamma responses of splenocytes are associated with Th-1 subset T-lymphocyte response, the findings indicate a cytotoxic T-cell response to immunisation. |
| 1674 | 9003747 | Induction of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in BALB/c mice immunised with subunit influenza A vaccine in combination with whole cell or acellular DTP vaccine. |
| 1675 | 9003747 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were assayed in supernates from these cultures by an ELISA procedure. |
| 1676 | 9003747 | Splenocytes from mice given subunit influenza vaccine in wDTP produced greater than two-fold and greater than five-fold responses of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, respectively, compared with splenocytes from mice immunised with subunit vaccine alone. |
| 1677 | 9003747 | The production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by these spleen cells was not significantly different on days 7 and 10 post-immunisation. |
| 1678 | 9003747 | The present studies confirm these earlier findings; furthermore, as the IL-2 and IFN-gamma responses of splenocytes are associated with Th-1 subset T-lymphocyte response, the findings indicate a cytotoxic T-cell response to immunisation. |
| 1679 | 9003747 | Induction of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in BALB/c mice immunised with subunit influenza A vaccine in combination with whole cell or acellular DTP vaccine. |
| 1680 | 9003747 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were assayed in supernates from these cultures by an ELISA procedure. |
| 1681 | 9003747 | Splenocytes from mice given subunit influenza vaccine in wDTP produced greater than two-fold and greater than five-fold responses of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, respectively, compared with splenocytes from mice immunised with subunit vaccine alone. |
| 1682 | 9003747 | The production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by these spleen cells was not significantly different on days 7 and 10 post-immunisation. |
| 1683 | 9003747 | The present studies confirm these earlier findings; furthermore, as the IL-2 and IFN-gamma responses of splenocytes are associated with Th-1 subset T-lymphocyte response, the findings indicate a cytotoxic T-cell response to immunisation. |
| 1684 | 9009322 | DDA was further coadjuvanted with either the Th1-stimulating polymer poly(I-C) or the cytokines gamma interferon, interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-12. |
| 1685 | 9009330 | CD8+ T cells are essential for protection against mycobacteria, as is clearly demonstrated by the fatal outcome of experimental infection of beta-2 microglobulin knockout mice. |
| 1686 | 9009330 | This response is mediated by CD8+ T cells and absolutely requires the activation of CD4+ T cells and their secretion of interleukin 2. |
| 1687 | 9009330 | Our results indicate that MHC-linked genes exert a profound influence on the generation of CD8+ CTLs following BCG vaccination. |
| 1688 | 9010671 | Several cytokines, including IL-2, IL-7, IL-6 and IFN-gamma have been shown to increase the adjuvant activity of liposomes. |
| 1689 | 9012449 | Transduction with the gammaIFN, but not the IL-2, gene caused significant increases in the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on B16-gammaIFN cells. |
| 1690 | 9012834 | Interleukin 2 and interferon gamma were essential in early stages, and interleukin 4 was utilized in later stages, of CTL maturation. |
| 1691 | 9013964 | To enhance the immunogenicity of this nonsecreted viral structural protein at the B and T cell level, we coimmunized mice with pHCV2-2 and DNA expression constructs encoding for mouse IL-2, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF proteins. |
| 1692 | 9013964 | The CD4+ inflammatory T cell proliferative responses as well as CD8+ CTL activity to HCV core protein were enhanced substantially after coimmunization with the IL-2 and granulocyte-macrophage CSF DNA expression constructs. |
| 1693 | 9013964 | To enhance the immunogenicity of this nonsecreted viral structural protein at the B and T cell level, we coimmunized mice with pHCV2-2 and DNA expression constructs encoding for mouse IL-2, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF proteins. |
| 1694 | 9013964 | The CD4+ inflammatory T cell proliferative responses as well as CD8+ CTL activity to HCV core protein were enhanced substantially after coimmunization with the IL-2 and granulocyte-macrophage CSF DNA expression constructs. |
| 1695 | 9032353 | HBcAg-primed Th cells efficiently produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and low levels of IL-4. |
| 1696 | 9032353 | Conversely, efficient IL-4 production and lesser amounts of IFN-gamma were elicited by HBeAg immunization. |
| 1697 | 9032885 | Both the NISV and ISCOM HSV-1 vaccines were found to have induced interleukin 2, interleukin 10 and interferon-gamma in spleen cell culture supernatants, although again, the highest responses in general were observed in supernatant fluids from spleen cell cultures from animals immunized with the HSV-1 NISV preparation. |
| 1698 | 9038711 | Analysis of cytokine patterns in spleen and lymph node cells revealed a marked decrease of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 production and to a lesser extent a decrease of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) synthesis, resulting in an increased ratio of IFN-gamma: IL-4 in vaccinated-immunized mice compared with untreated-immunized control mice. |
| 1699 | 9041459 | We explored the antitumor immune response in the brain elicited by nonreplicating melanoma cells genetically engineered to produce either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) in a paracrine fashion. |
| 1700 | 9041459 | Combination therapy with both the subcutaneous GM-CSF-transductants as a vaccine and local administration of IL-2-transductants in the brain achieved a synergistic response. |
| 1701 | 9041459 | We explored the antitumor immune response in the brain elicited by nonreplicating melanoma cells genetically engineered to produce either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) in a paracrine fashion. |
| 1702 | 9041459 | Combination therapy with both the subcutaneous GM-CSF-transductants as a vaccine and local administration of IL-2-transductants in the brain achieved a synergistic response. |
| 1703 | 9041471 | We previously demonstrated that a panel of antigen-specific T helper cell clones derived from B. bigemina RAP-1-immunized cattle expressed relatively high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) protein and transcript and low levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), indicative of a type 1 immune response. |
| 1704 | 9041471 | In the current study we present evidence that subcutaneous immunization with native B. bigemina RAP-1 protein in RIBI adjuvant induces a predominant type 1 immune response in vivo, characterized by relatively high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in the draining prescapular lymph node. |
| 1705 | 9041471 | Ex vivo restimulation of draining lymph node lymphocytes with specific antigen resulted in proliferation and enhanced expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 transcript levels remained relatively low. |
| 1706 | 9041471 | We previously demonstrated that a panel of antigen-specific T helper cell clones derived from B. bigemina RAP-1-immunized cattle expressed relatively high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) protein and transcript and low levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), indicative of a type 1 immune response. |
| 1707 | 9041471 | In the current study we present evidence that subcutaneous immunization with native B. bigemina RAP-1 protein in RIBI adjuvant induces a predominant type 1 immune response in vivo, characterized by relatively high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in the draining prescapular lymph node. |
| 1708 | 9041471 | Ex vivo restimulation of draining lymph node lymphocytes with specific antigen resulted in proliferation and enhanced expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 transcript levels remained relatively low. |
| 1709 | 9043951 | BALB/c mice immunized either with soluble LH in alum or with particulate LH without adjuvant produced both Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-5) cytokines. |
| 1710 | 9043951 | In contrast, immunization of mice with particulate LH in the presence of poly(I):(C) or of IL-12 induced a strong activation of Th1 cells, as shown by an up-regulated IFN-gamma production, and by decreased IL-4 and IL-5 levels associated to a greatly enhanced IgG2a antibody response. |
| 1711 | 9045885 | The present studies examine whether lymphocyte stimulation via cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF or IL-2 decreases hepatic tumor growth, and whether stimulation of both macrophages and lymphocytes is more effective than either individually. |
| 1712 | 9045885 | Rats were immunized with irradiated hepatoma cells transduced by herpes viral amplicon vectors containing the genes for GM-CSF, IL-2 or LacZ. |
| 1713 | 9045885 | GM-CSF or IL-2 vaccines or gammaIFN decreased tumor nodules significantly (GM-CSF 13+/-4, IL-2 14+/-6 vs. control 75+/-24, P < 0.001). |
| 1714 | 9045885 | Combination therapy was more effective, and completely eliminated tumor in 4 of 12 IFN-GM-CSF and 8 of 11 IFN-IL-2 animals. |
| 1715 | 9045885 | GM-CSF and IL-2 vaccine therapy and pretreatment with gammaIFN represent effective strategies in reducing hepatic tumor. |
| 1716 | 9045885 | The present studies examine whether lymphocyte stimulation via cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF or IL-2 decreases hepatic tumor growth, and whether stimulation of both macrophages and lymphocytes is more effective than either individually. |
| 1717 | 9045885 | Rats were immunized with irradiated hepatoma cells transduced by herpes viral amplicon vectors containing the genes for GM-CSF, IL-2 or LacZ. |
| 1718 | 9045885 | GM-CSF or IL-2 vaccines or gammaIFN decreased tumor nodules significantly (GM-CSF 13+/-4, IL-2 14+/-6 vs. control 75+/-24, P < 0.001). |
| 1719 | 9045885 | Combination therapy was more effective, and completely eliminated tumor in 4 of 12 IFN-GM-CSF and 8 of 11 IFN-IL-2 animals. |
| 1720 | 9045885 | GM-CSF and IL-2 vaccine therapy and pretreatment with gammaIFN represent effective strategies in reducing hepatic tumor. |
| 1721 | 9045885 | The present studies examine whether lymphocyte stimulation via cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF or IL-2 decreases hepatic tumor growth, and whether stimulation of both macrophages and lymphocytes is more effective than either individually. |
| 1722 | 9045885 | Rats were immunized with irradiated hepatoma cells transduced by herpes viral amplicon vectors containing the genes for GM-CSF, IL-2 or LacZ. |
| 1723 | 9045885 | GM-CSF or IL-2 vaccines or gammaIFN decreased tumor nodules significantly (GM-CSF 13+/-4, IL-2 14+/-6 vs. control 75+/-24, P < 0.001). |
| 1724 | 9045885 | Combination therapy was more effective, and completely eliminated tumor in 4 of 12 IFN-GM-CSF and 8 of 11 IFN-IL-2 animals. |
| 1725 | 9045885 | GM-CSF and IL-2 vaccine therapy and pretreatment with gammaIFN represent effective strategies in reducing hepatic tumor. |
| 1726 | 9045885 | The present studies examine whether lymphocyte stimulation via cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF or IL-2 decreases hepatic tumor growth, and whether stimulation of both macrophages and lymphocytes is more effective than either individually. |
| 1727 | 9045885 | Rats were immunized with irradiated hepatoma cells transduced by herpes viral amplicon vectors containing the genes for GM-CSF, IL-2 or LacZ. |
| 1728 | 9045885 | GM-CSF or IL-2 vaccines or gammaIFN decreased tumor nodules significantly (GM-CSF 13+/-4, IL-2 14+/-6 vs. control 75+/-24, P < 0.001). |
| 1729 | 9045885 | Combination therapy was more effective, and completely eliminated tumor in 4 of 12 IFN-GM-CSF and 8 of 11 IFN-IL-2 animals. |
| 1730 | 9045885 | GM-CSF and IL-2 vaccine therapy and pretreatment with gammaIFN represent effective strategies in reducing hepatic tumor. |
| 1731 | 9045885 | The present studies examine whether lymphocyte stimulation via cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF or IL-2 decreases hepatic tumor growth, and whether stimulation of both macrophages and lymphocytes is more effective than either individually. |
| 1732 | 9045885 | Rats were immunized with irradiated hepatoma cells transduced by herpes viral amplicon vectors containing the genes for GM-CSF, IL-2 or LacZ. |
| 1733 | 9045885 | GM-CSF or IL-2 vaccines or gammaIFN decreased tumor nodules significantly (GM-CSF 13+/-4, IL-2 14+/-6 vs. control 75+/-24, P < 0.001). |
| 1734 | 9045885 | Combination therapy was more effective, and completely eliminated tumor in 4 of 12 IFN-GM-CSF and 8 of 11 IFN-IL-2 animals. |
| 1735 | 9045885 | GM-CSF and IL-2 vaccine therapy and pretreatment with gammaIFN represent effective strategies in reducing hepatic tumor. |
| 1736 | 9052739 | In BALB/c mice, intramuscular injection of either plasmid induced IgG2a antibodies associated with a Th1-like profile characterized by the in vitro splenic production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 1737 | 9052739 | In control experiments, immunization using purified CAP antigen induced a predominant, but not exclusive, Th2-like profile as determined by the splenic production of IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 1738 | 9052739 | For all CAP immunogens, MHC haplotype of immunized mice was found to influence seroconversion rates but not the type of cytokines produced in vitro. |
| 1739 | 9053442 | Intraperitoneal administration of rmIL-12 shifted TT-specific responses toward Th1-type and resulted in CD4+ T cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-2 with markedly reduced levels of Th2-type cytokines. |
| 1740 | 9053442 | When IL-12 complexed to liposomes was given orally both shifts to IgG2a and IgG3 and low IgE Abs again occurred concomitant with enhanced serum IFN-gamma and DTH responses. |
| 1741 | 9060139 | Development of a sandwich immunoassay for the detection of soluble bovine interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (sIL-2R-alpha) and its use to measure cell-mediated immunity in cattle. |
| 1742 | 9079741 | The analysis showed high expression of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-2, and interferon (IFN)-tau in BCG (7/7, 7/7, 7/7, 5/7) and N-CWS (9/9, 9/9, 8/9, 8/9) treated tumors in comparison to low expression in controls (3/9, 0/9, 3/9, 3/9). |
| 1743 | 9079743 | The appearance of IL-8 in patients urine after BCG therapy was compared with BCG-induced IL-6 and IL-2 and the stability of IL-8 in urine was tested. |
| 1744 | 9079743 | Compared to IL-6 and IL-2, a rapid induction of IL-8 was observed, occurring after the first BCG instillation. |
| 1745 | 9079743 | The appearance of IL-8 in patients urine after BCG therapy was compared with BCG-induced IL-6 and IL-2 and the stability of IL-8 in urine was tested. |
| 1746 | 9079743 | Compared to IL-6 and IL-2, a rapid induction of IL-8 was observed, occurring after the first BCG instillation. |
| 1747 | 9096381 | Dependent upon the type of poly-L-lysine applied, protection against tumor take was comparable to that achieved with irradiated whole-cell vaccines, genetically modified to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 1748 | 9096381 | However, peptide-polycation vaccines applied to the M-3 model were not as efficient as cellular control vaccines, consisting of irradiated interleukin 2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting tumor cells. |
| 1749 | 9097923 | All parameters of T cell activation were normal, including proliferation mediated by CD2, CD3-T cell receptor (TCR) complex, and CD28; acquisition of responsiveness to exogenous IL-2 and IL-4; activation of proteinkinase C (PKC) by phorbol ester and calcium influx by addition of ionomycin. |
| 1750 | 9100988 | We have previously demonstrated that immunization of HIV-1-infected individuals with the common recall antigen, tetanus, induced transient increases in plasma viremia as well as an increased ability to isolate virus from CD8+ T cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under minimally stimulated culture conditions (IL-2 plus IL-4) postimmunization. |
| 1751 | 9100988 | In four of these patients, virus could also be isolated from CD8+ T cell-depleted PBMCs in the presence of tetanus without the addition of any exogenous IL-2. |
| 1752 | 9100988 | HIV-1 was isolated predominantly from CD4+ T cells with a CD45RO+, CD25+ phenotype and was associated with a trend to elevated levels in culture supernatants of IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-4. |
| 1753 | 9100988 | We have previously demonstrated that immunization of HIV-1-infected individuals with the common recall antigen, tetanus, induced transient increases in plasma viremia as well as an increased ability to isolate virus from CD8+ T cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under minimally stimulated culture conditions (IL-2 plus IL-4) postimmunization. |
| 1754 | 9100988 | In four of these patients, virus could also be isolated from CD8+ T cell-depleted PBMCs in the presence of tetanus without the addition of any exogenous IL-2. |
| 1755 | 9100988 | HIV-1 was isolated predominantly from CD4+ T cells with a CD45RO+, CD25+ phenotype and was associated with a trend to elevated levels in culture supernatants of IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-4. |
| 1756 | 9103465 | Cytokine-in-adjuvant steering of the immune response phenotype to HIV-1 vaccine constructs: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and TNF-alpha synergize with IL-12 to enhance induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 1757 | 9103465 | Here we study the effects of IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-1beta, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) incorporated with peptide in adjuvant on a variety of responses elicited: CTL, T cell proliferation, cytokine production and message, and Ab isotype. |
| 1758 | 9103465 | GM-CSF synergized with IL-12 for CTL induction in BALB/c mice concomitant with suppression of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 1759 | 9103465 | TNF-alpha also synergized with IL-12, but by a different mechanism, inducing IFN-gamma production in BALB/c mice and thus shifting the response to a Th1 phenotype. |
| 1760 | 9103465 | The results presented here suggest that in addition to IL-2, optimum induction of CD8+ CTL in vivo requires a combination of cytokines, including GM-CSF (probably acting to enhance Ag presentation and CD4+ cell help) and IL-12 (steering the Th response toward Th1 cytokines). |
| 1761 | 9103465 | Cytokine-in-adjuvant steering of the immune response phenotype to HIV-1 vaccine constructs: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and TNF-alpha synergize with IL-12 to enhance induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 1762 | 9103465 | Here we study the effects of IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-1beta, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) incorporated with peptide in adjuvant on a variety of responses elicited: CTL, T cell proliferation, cytokine production and message, and Ab isotype. |
| 1763 | 9103465 | GM-CSF synergized with IL-12 for CTL induction in BALB/c mice concomitant with suppression of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 1764 | 9103465 | TNF-alpha also synergized with IL-12, but by a different mechanism, inducing IFN-gamma production in BALB/c mice and thus shifting the response to a Th1 phenotype. |
| 1765 | 9103465 | The results presented here suggest that in addition to IL-2, optimum induction of CD8+ CTL in vivo requires a combination of cytokines, including GM-CSF (probably acting to enhance Ag presentation and CD4+ cell help) and IL-12 (steering the Th response toward Th1 cytokines). |
| 1766 | 9108412 | Our results show that CD8+ T cells from leukemic mice 1 and 2 weeks after leukemia inoculation proliferate more vigorously in response to in vitro activation than cells from normal mice and produce Th1-type cytokines interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma. |
| 1767 | 9122615 | The H-2(d) and H-2(k) mice were characterized as low or high responders in respect to the level of specific anti-gp340 antibodies, secretion of IgG2a isotype, antigen-specific lymphoproliferative capacity, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in the basic immunizations with gp340. |
| 1768 | 9122615 | The enhanced antigen-specific secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma together with the abrogation of IL-10 and the absence of IL-4 indicates that the responses were driven towards a Th1-type rather than Th2-type immune response. |
| 1769 | 9129134 | Specific active immunization with tumour cells and IL-1beta or IL-2 was examined in a murine model. |
| 1770 | 9129134 | Mice were treated with irradiated B16 melanoma, IL-1beta or IL-2 only, or with B16 plus cytokines prior to i.v. challenge with viable B16. |
| 1771 | 9129134 | These studies demonstrate the significant benefit of specific active immunization with tumour cells in combination with low doses of IL-1beta or IL2. |
| 1772 | 9129134 | Specific active immunization with tumour cells and IL-1beta or IL-2 was examined in a murine model. |
| 1773 | 9129134 | Mice were treated with irradiated B16 melanoma, IL-1beta or IL-2 only, or with B16 plus cytokines prior to i.v. challenge with viable B16. |
| 1774 | 9129134 | These studies demonstrate the significant benefit of specific active immunization with tumour cells in combination with low doses of IL-1beta or IL2. |
| 1775 | 9129134 | Specific active immunization with tumour cells and IL-1beta or IL-2 was examined in a murine model. |
| 1776 | 9129134 | Mice were treated with irradiated B16 melanoma, IL-1beta or IL-2 only, or with B16 plus cytokines prior to i.v. challenge with viable B16. |
| 1777 | 9129134 | These studies demonstrate the significant benefit of specific active immunization with tumour cells in combination with low doses of IL-1beta or IL2. |
| 1778 | 9129542 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-13, and interferon-gamma were selected as lymphokine mRNAs of interest, since expression of these cytokines helps define the type of T helper lymphocyte response (i.e., TH1 versus TH2). |
| 1779 | 9129542 | Finally, partial sequences of owl monkey coding regions for IL-2, IL-13, and interferon-gamma were determined and compared for homology with their human counterparts. |
| 1780 | 9129542 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-13, and interferon-gamma were selected as lymphokine mRNAs of interest, since expression of these cytokines helps define the type of T helper lymphocyte response (i.e., TH1 versus TH2). |
| 1781 | 9129542 | Finally, partial sequences of owl monkey coding regions for IL-2, IL-13, and interferon-gamma were determined and compared for homology with their human counterparts. |
| 1782 | 9135877 | The IL-2-expressing SIV had been previously constructed to enhance the immunogenicity of live attenuated SIV vaccines. |
| 1783 | 9138618 | The main focus so far has been on GM-CSF and IL-2, although other cytokines might prove to be efficient in stimulating different effector arms of the immune system. |
| 1784 | 9140917 | A significant proliferative response was observed which was associated with secretion of both interferon-gamma and interleukin-2. |
| 1785 | 9156803 | Enhanced efficacy of combination of IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells in the treatment of established metastatic tumors. |
| 1786 | 9156803 | IL-2 and IL-6 are important cytokines which have potent antitumor effects and can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 1787 | 9156803 | IL-2 gene or IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells exhibited reduced tumorigenicity and decreased metastatic potential. |
| 1788 | 9156803 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-, IL-6 gene-modified tumor vaccines, the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice were treated with inactivated IL-2 gene-transfected tumor cells and inactivated IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells. |
| 1789 | 9156803 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene transfected vaccine alone. |
| 1790 | 9156803 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more effective activation of specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses. |
| 1791 | 9156803 | Enhanced efficacy of combination of IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells in the treatment of established metastatic tumors. |
| 1792 | 9156803 | IL-2 and IL-6 are important cytokines which have potent antitumor effects and can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 1793 | 9156803 | IL-2 gene or IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells exhibited reduced tumorigenicity and decreased metastatic potential. |
| 1794 | 9156803 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-, IL-6 gene-modified tumor vaccines, the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice were treated with inactivated IL-2 gene-transfected tumor cells and inactivated IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells. |
| 1795 | 9156803 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene transfected vaccine alone. |
| 1796 | 9156803 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more effective activation of specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses. |
| 1797 | 9156803 | Enhanced efficacy of combination of IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells in the treatment of established metastatic tumors. |
| 1798 | 9156803 | IL-2 and IL-6 are important cytokines which have potent antitumor effects and can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 1799 | 9156803 | IL-2 gene or IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells exhibited reduced tumorigenicity and decreased metastatic potential. |
| 1800 | 9156803 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-, IL-6 gene-modified tumor vaccines, the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice were treated with inactivated IL-2 gene-transfected tumor cells and inactivated IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells. |
| 1801 | 9156803 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene transfected vaccine alone. |
| 1802 | 9156803 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more effective activation of specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses. |
| 1803 | 9156803 | Enhanced efficacy of combination of IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells in the treatment of established metastatic tumors. |
| 1804 | 9156803 | IL-2 and IL-6 are important cytokines which have potent antitumor effects and can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 1805 | 9156803 | IL-2 gene or IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells exhibited reduced tumorigenicity and decreased metastatic potential. |
| 1806 | 9156803 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-, IL-6 gene-modified tumor vaccines, the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice were treated with inactivated IL-2 gene-transfected tumor cells and inactivated IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells. |
| 1807 | 9156803 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene transfected vaccine alone. |
| 1808 | 9156803 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more effective activation of specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses. |
| 1809 | 9156803 | Enhanced efficacy of combination of IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells in the treatment of established metastatic tumors. |
| 1810 | 9156803 | IL-2 and IL-6 are important cytokines which have potent antitumor effects and can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 1811 | 9156803 | IL-2 gene or IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells exhibited reduced tumorigenicity and decreased metastatic potential. |
| 1812 | 9156803 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-, IL-6 gene-modified tumor vaccines, the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice were treated with inactivated IL-2 gene-transfected tumor cells and inactivated IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells. |
| 1813 | 9156803 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene transfected vaccine alone. |
| 1814 | 9156803 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more effective activation of specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses. |
| 1815 | 9156803 | Enhanced efficacy of combination of IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells in the treatment of established metastatic tumors. |
| 1816 | 9156803 | IL-2 and IL-6 are important cytokines which have potent antitumor effects and can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 1817 | 9156803 | IL-2 gene or IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells exhibited reduced tumorigenicity and decreased metastatic potential. |
| 1818 | 9156803 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-, IL-6 gene-modified tumor vaccines, the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice were treated with inactivated IL-2 gene-transfected tumor cells and inactivated IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells. |
| 1819 | 9156803 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene transfected vaccine alone. |
| 1820 | 9156803 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more effective activation of specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses. |
| 1821 | 9158940 | We have transduced human melanoma cells with genes coding for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or B7-1 and characterized such lines. |
| 1822 | 9158948 | It has been found that local (s.c.) administration of the irradiated tumour vaccine plus IL-2 was accompanied by an early depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in regional lymph nodes followed by subsequent rebound lymphocytosis. |
| 1823 | 9160525 | Augmentation of cell-mediated immunotherapy against herpes simplex virus by interleukins: comparison of in vivo effects of IL-2 and IL-7 on adoptively transferred T cells. |
| 1824 | 9160525 | IL-7 or interleukin-2 (IL-2) was administered twice daily to immune naive mice subjected to adoptive transfer of immune T cells after infection with HSV-1. |
| 1825 | 9160525 | IL-7 also enhanced the antiviral effects of T cell therapy against HSV-1 through the enhancement of CD8+ CTLs, as observed with IL-2. |
| 1826 | 9160525 | Augmentation of cell-mediated immunotherapy against herpes simplex virus by interleukins: comparison of in vivo effects of IL-2 and IL-7 on adoptively transferred T cells. |
| 1827 | 9160525 | IL-7 or interleukin-2 (IL-2) was administered twice daily to immune naive mice subjected to adoptive transfer of immune T cells after infection with HSV-1. |
| 1828 | 9160525 | IL-7 also enhanced the antiviral effects of T cell therapy against HSV-1 through the enhancement of CD8+ CTLs, as observed with IL-2. |
| 1829 | 9160525 | Augmentation of cell-mediated immunotherapy against herpes simplex virus by interleukins: comparison of in vivo effects of IL-2 and IL-7 on adoptively transferred T cells. |
| 1830 | 9160525 | IL-7 or interleukin-2 (IL-2) was administered twice daily to immune naive mice subjected to adoptive transfer of immune T cells after infection with HSV-1. |
| 1831 | 9160525 | IL-7 also enhanced the antiviral effects of T cell therapy against HSV-1 through the enhancement of CD8+ CTLs, as observed with IL-2. |
| 1832 | 9161882 | The recently discovered interleukin-15 (IL-15) is known to bind to the receptor of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and to share several of the latter's immunological properties. |
| 1833 | 9161882 | In the present study, the first to our knowledge on IL-15 behaviour in vivo, we examined the possibility that IL-15 also shares the ability of IL-2 to enhance the immunological adjuvant property of liposomes by acting as a co-adjuvant. |
| 1834 | 9161882 | The recently discovered interleukin-15 (IL-15) is known to bind to the receptor of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and to share several of the latter's immunological properties. |
| 1835 | 9161882 | In the present study, the first to our knowledge on IL-15 behaviour in vivo, we examined the possibility that IL-15 also shares the ability of IL-2 to enhance the immunological adjuvant property of liposomes by acting as a co-adjuvant. |
| 1836 | 9169747 | Antigen-stimulated PBMC of responsive wP recipients were characterized by an elevated production of T-helper-cell type 1 cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 2 (IL-2), low to minimal production of IL-5, and no production of IL-4. |
| 1837 | 9169747 | The PBMC of aP vaccine-responsive recipients showed, in addition to the elevated IFN-gamma production, a consistent, antigen-dependent production of type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5), with PRN being the most and PT being the least effective antigen. |
| 1838 | 9169747 | Type 2 cytokine induction was more pronounced in aP-SB than in aP-CB recipients, as shown by the presence of IL-4 mRNA transcripts and higher IL-5 production in the former (161.6 +/- 36 and 47.9 +/- 44 pg/ml [mean +/- standard error for five subjects each], respectively, after PRN stimulation). |
| 1839 | 9169781 | In addition, stimulation of spleen cells from mice immunized with the different constructs with either Salmonella lysate, TetC, or EgDf1 showed that, together with Th1-related cytokines (gamma interferon and interleukin 2 [IL-2]), significant levels of a Th2 cytokine (IL-5) were produced specifically, indicating a Th2 component to the response to the Salmonella carrier and to the recombinant antigens. |
| 1840 | 9176117 | Live vaccines given by all routes elicited higher interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses in spleen cells against an alkali-treated whole-cell salmonella lysate than did killed vaccines. |
| 1841 | 9178471 | The T-cell response induced by this protein was skewed towards T-helper (Th1) cells as determined by the pronounced secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). |
| 1842 | 9184629 | These CSF cell populations consist of approximately 60% CD4+ T-cells, half of which bear IL-2 receptors, indicating these activated T-cells may be part of the pathogenic process in MS. |
| 1843 | 9184629 | When these activated CD4+ T-cells were selectively expanded in IL-2/IL-4 supplemented cultures, an over-representation of several TCRV beta families was noted in 39/47 patients, the most frequent being V beta 6.5, V beta 6.7, V beta 2, V beta 5 and V beta 4. |
| 1844 | 9184629 | These CSF cell populations consist of approximately 60% CD4+ T-cells, half of which bear IL-2 receptors, indicating these activated T-cells may be part of the pathogenic process in MS. |
| 1845 | 9184629 | When these activated CD4+ T-cells were selectively expanded in IL-2/IL-4 supplemented cultures, an over-representation of several TCRV beta families was noted in 39/47 patients, the most frequent being V beta 6.5, V beta 6.7, V beta 2, V beta 5 and V beta 4. |
| 1846 | 9185869 | We found that IL-2 or GM-CSF gene-transfected murine melanoma cells are highly effective vaccines. |
| 1847 | 9203655 | Compared with responses in placebo recipients, vaccinees had greater postvaccination H3(Beijing/32) HA (H3)-specific lymphoproliferation and interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. |
| 1848 | 9203655 | Mean increases in the production of IL-10 (> or = 20-fold) and IL-2 (10-fold) were relatively greater than that of IFN-gamma (4-fold) or IL-4 (no change). |
| 1849 | 9203655 | Serum H3 antibodies were induced in 80% of rHA recipients, and the rise in antibody titer was significantly correlated with changes in IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-gamma concentrations. |
| 1850 | 9203655 | Compared with responses in placebo recipients, vaccinees had greater postvaccination H3(Beijing/32) HA (H3)-specific lymphoproliferation and interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. |
| 1851 | 9203655 | Mean increases in the production of IL-10 (> or = 20-fold) and IL-2 (10-fold) were relatively greater than that of IFN-gamma (4-fold) or IL-4 (no change). |
| 1852 | 9203655 | Serum H3 antibodies were induced in 80% of rHA recipients, and the rise in antibody titer was significantly correlated with changes in IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-gamma concentrations. |
| 1853 | 9203655 | Compared with responses in placebo recipients, vaccinees had greater postvaccination H3(Beijing/32) HA (H3)-specific lymphoproliferation and interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. |
| 1854 | 9203655 | Mean increases in the production of IL-10 (> or = 20-fold) and IL-2 (10-fold) were relatively greater than that of IFN-gamma (4-fold) or IL-4 (no change). |
| 1855 | 9203655 | Serum H3 antibodies were induced in 80% of rHA recipients, and the rise in antibody titer was significantly correlated with changes in IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-gamma concentrations. |
| 1856 | 9209348 | The spleen cells from the immunized mice produced a large amount of IFN-gamma and IL-2, whereas they released neither IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 1857 | 9218596 | IL-2 and IL-12 act in synergy to overcome antigen-specific T cell unresponsiveness in mycobacterial disease. |
| 1858 | 9218596 | We have studied the role of IL-12 and IL-2 in the generation of Mycobacterium leprae-specific T cell responses in humans. |
| 1859 | 9218596 | Given the importance of endogenous IL-2 and IL-12 in M. leprae-induced responses, we investigated the ability of rIL-2 and rIL-12 to reverse T cell unresponsiveness in low/nonresponder patients. |
| 1860 | 9218596 | Our data demonstrate a crucial role for endogenous IL-12 and IL-2 in M. leprae-induced T cell activation. |
| 1861 | 9218596 | IL-2 and IL-12 act in synergy to overcome antigen-specific T cell unresponsiveness in mycobacterial disease. |
| 1862 | 9218596 | We have studied the role of IL-12 and IL-2 in the generation of Mycobacterium leprae-specific T cell responses in humans. |
| 1863 | 9218596 | Given the importance of endogenous IL-2 and IL-12 in M. leprae-induced responses, we investigated the ability of rIL-2 and rIL-12 to reverse T cell unresponsiveness in low/nonresponder patients. |
| 1864 | 9218596 | Our data demonstrate a crucial role for endogenous IL-12 and IL-2 in M. leprae-induced T cell activation. |
| 1865 | 9218596 | IL-2 and IL-12 act in synergy to overcome antigen-specific T cell unresponsiveness in mycobacterial disease. |
| 1866 | 9218596 | We have studied the role of IL-12 and IL-2 in the generation of Mycobacterium leprae-specific T cell responses in humans. |
| 1867 | 9218596 | Given the importance of endogenous IL-2 and IL-12 in M. leprae-induced responses, we investigated the ability of rIL-2 and rIL-12 to reverse T cell unresponsiveness in low/nonresponder patients. |
| 1868 | 9218596 | Our data demonstrate a crucial role for endogenous IL-12 and IL-2 in M. leprae-induced T cell activation. |
| 1869 | 9218596 | IL-2 and IL-12 act in synergy to overcome antigen-specific T cell unresponsiveness in mycobacterial disease. |
| 1870 | 9218596 | We have studied the role of IL-12 and IL-2 in the generation of Mycobacterium leprae-specific T cell responses in humans. |
| 1871 | 9218596 | Given the importance of endogenous IL-2 and IL-12 in M. leprae-induced responses, we investigated the ability of rIL-2 and rIL-12 to reverse T cell unresponsiveness in low/nonresponder patients. |
| 1872 | 9218596 | Our data demonstrate a crucial role for endogenous IL-12 and IL-2 in M. leprae-induced T cell activation. |
| 1873 | 9220581 | Detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle using an immunoassay for bovine soluble interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (sIL-2R-alpha) produced by peripheral blood T-lymphocytes following incubation with tuberculin PPD. |
| 1874 | 9220581 | After activation of T-lymphocytes with antigen there is an increase in the expression of interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (IL-2R-alpha) followed by the release of a soluble form of the molecule (sIL-2R-alpha) from the membrane of the stimulated cells. |
| 1875 | 9220581 | Detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle using an immunoassay for bovine soluble interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (sIL-2R-alpha) produced by peripheral blood T-lymphocytes following incubation with tuberculin PPD. |
| 1876 | 9220581 | After activation of T-lymphocytes with antigen there is an increase in the expression of interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (IL-2R-alpha) followed by the release of a soluble form of the molecule (sIL-2R-alpha) from the membrane of the stimulated cells. |
| 1877 | 9220585 | The pGEX-2T vector contained glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as the affinity handle and resulted in high level expression of the GST-IL-2 fusion protein. |
| 1878 | 9220585 | An alternative vector, pT7-7 was used with a 6 x histidine tag followed by a thrombin cleavage site at the amino terminus of the mature ovine IL-2 protein to allow affinity purification by Ni-NTA resin. |
| 1879 | 9220585 | The pGEX-2T vector contained glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as the affinity handle and resulted in high level expression of the GST-IL-2 fusion protein. |
| 1880 | 9220585 | An alternative vector, pT7-7 was used with a 6 x histidine tag followed by a thrombin cleavage site at the amino terminus of the mature ovine IL-2 protein to allow affinity purification by Ni-NTA resin. |
| 1881 | 9224970 | Th1 favor rejection (tumoral, fetal or of transplants) through the elaboration of IL-2, IFN and TNF while Th2 led to tolerance or acceptation through the production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10: both functions neutralize each other establishing a "normal" equilibrium Th1 vs Th2. |
| 1882 | 9226467 | In order to improve suppressed immunogenicity of QRpP cells with the high levels of PGE2, the author transfected QRpP cells with an effective expression vector containing cDNA for IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 1883 | 9226467 | These transfected clones expressed mRNA for IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, respectively, and produced high levels of cytokines in their culture supernatants. |
| 1884 | 9226467 | Consequentry, QRpP cells transfected with IL-2 (QRpP-IL-2), IFN-gamma (QRpP-IFN-gamma), IL-2 and IFN-gamma (QRpP-IL-2/IFN-gamma), TNF-alpha (QRpP-TNF-alpha) lowered in tumorigenicity. |
| 1885 | 9226467 | In order to improve suppressed immunogenicity of QRpP cells with the high levels of PGE2, the author transfected QRpP cells with an effective expression vector containing cDNA for IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 1886 | 9226467 | These transfected clones expressed mRNA for IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, respectively, and produced high levels of cytokines in their culture supernatants. |
| 1887 | 9226467 | Consequentry, QRpP cells transfected with IL-2 (QRpP-IL-2), IFN-gamma (QRpP-IFN-gamma), IL-2 and IFN-gamma (QRpP-IL-2/IFN-gamma), TNF-alpha (QRpP-TNF-alpha) lowered in tumorigenicity. |
| 1888 | 9226467 | In order to improve suppressed immunogenicity of QRpP cells with the high levels of PGE2, the author transfected QRpP cells with an effective expression vector containing cDNA for IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 1889 | 9226467 | These transfected clones expressed mRNA for IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, respectively, and produced high levels of cytokines in their culture supernatants. |
| 1890 | 9226467 | Consequentry, QRpP cells transfected with IL-2 (QRpP-IL-2), IFN-gamma (QRpP-IFN-gamma), IL-2 and IFN-gamma (QRpP-IL-2/IFN-gamma), TNF-alpha (QRpP-TNF-alpha) lowered in tumorigenicity. |
| 1891 | 9226836 | Unexpectedly, iscom adjuvants also impaired immunity and, despite the highest DTH response, produced a low IgG2a response, suggesting that iscomization of the antigen produced a low interferon gamma and high interleukin 2 response. |
| 1892 | 9233612 | FACS analysis of T cells from MLN and lung tissue demonstrated that T cells expressing any of the activation markers tested (LFA-1, CD25, CD44, CD45RB, CD49d, CD62L) always expressed high levels of CD44 and LFA-1. |
| 1893 | 9233612 | These double-high T cells produced >99% of all anti-CD3 mAb-induced IL-4 and IFN-gamma. |
| 1894 | 9233612 | Despite their similar phenotype, purified double-high lung parenchyma T cells produced markedly higher levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma, and contained a higher frequency of cytokine producers than their MLN counterparts. |
| 1895 | 9233612 | Activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-2 in response to TCR cross-linking was detected in double-high T cells from lung tissue but not MLN. |
| 1896 | 9233612 | The requirement for ERK signaling for maximal IFN-gamma synthesis could nevertheless be demonstrated in both populations by blockade with the inhibitor PD98509. |
| 1897 | 9234526 | Ag85A and Ag85B encoding plasmids induced a robust Th1-like response towards native Ag85, characterized by elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 1898 | 9234526 | Levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were low or undetectable. |
| 1899 | 9234539 | Mice immunized with gp120 DNA developed strong antigen-specific antibody responses, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) (following in vitro restimulation with gp120-derived peptide), and showed in vitro proliferation and Th1-like cytokine secretion [gamma-interferon, interleukin (IL)-2 with little or no IL-4] by lymphocytes obtained from all lymphatic compartments tested (spleen, blood, and inguinal, iliac, and mesenteric lymph nodes). |
| 1900 | 9234766 | Analysis of cytokine production revealed mRNA for Th1-type cytokines (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon) as well as Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in the spleens of both protected and susceptible animals. |
| 1901 | 9242454 | At fibroblast: tumor cell ratios of < or=1, allogeneic and syngeneic granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting fibroblasts enhanced T-cell reactivity to tumor cells. |
| 1902 | 9242454 | However, at ratios of 2.4, the adjuvant effect induced by granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was not evident. |
| 1903 | 9242454 | Allogeneic fibroblasts transduced to secrete interleukin 2 or IFN-gamma also induced diminished tumor reactivity of primed LN cells. |
| 1904 | 9246204 | Significant sustained interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma production towards BCG antigens was only found in M. scrofulaceum infection. |
| 1905 | 9247574 | We have previously reported decreased tumorigenicity of the murine plasmacytoma J558L [major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I+ and class II-] expressing IL-2 or B7.1. |
| 1906 | 9247574 | We examined the mechanism underlying this unexpected result: 6 days after injection of J558-IL2/B7.1 cells, tumor were nearly completely destroyed and were almost devoid of CD8+ cells, while CD8+ cells were increased in both IL-2- and B7.1-transfected tumors. |
| 1907 | 9247574 | We have previously reported decreased tumorigenicity of the murine plasmacytoma J558L [major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I+ and class II-] expressing IL-2 or B7.1. |
| 1908 | 9247574 | We examined the mechanism underlying this unexpected result: 6 days after injection of J558-IL2/B7.1 cells, tumor were nearly completely destroyed and were almost devoid of CD8+ cells, while CD8+ cells were increased in both IL-2- and B7.1-transfected tumors. |
| 1909 | 9255766 | The culture supernatants collected from 71-kDa stimulated lymphocytes stimulated exhibited increased interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 production. |
| 1910 | 9261953 | After a single subcutaneous injection, iscoms were delivered to the draining LN where they induced a transient population of LN cells which responded with proliferation and secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) after restimulation. |
| 1911 | 9261953 | The response in the spleen developed more slowly, sustained for 12 weeks and was characterized by cells producing in particular IL-2 and IFN-gamma but also IL-4. |
| 1912 | 9261953 | After a single subcutaneous injection, iscoms were delivered to the draining LN where they induced a transient population of LN cells which responded with proliferation and secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) after restimulation. |
| 1913 | 9261953 | The response in the spleen developed more slowly, sustained for 12 weeks and was characterized by cells producing in particular IL-2 and IFN-gamma but also IL-4. |
| 1914 | 9272137 | The identification of these minimal residual tumor (MRT) cells and systematic evaluation of their biologic characteristics may guide strategies to target these cells specifically; such strategies may include modification of chemotherapy, tumor vaccination, or other forms of biologic therapy, such as replacement of RB, 3p, and/or p53 function; interference with autocrine or paracrine growth loops; or immunologic therapy [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, immunotoxins, and tumor vaccines], which would be most effective in the setting of MRT. |
| 1915 | 9272363 | In an investigation of cell-mediated immunity against Bordetella pertussis, we found that B. pertussis infection in infants and in mice was associated with the induction of antigen-specific T cells that secrete IFN-g and IL-2, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 1916 | 9272363 | An examination of cytokine production following immunization with a three-component acellular vaccine, comprising inactive PT, FHA and pertactin adsorbed to alum, demonstrated that spleen cells from vaccinated mice produced high levels of IL-5, but no detectable IFN-g and low levels of IL-2. |
| 1917 | 9272363 | In contrast, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated infants produced IL-2, IL-5 and IFN-g. |
| 1918 | 9272363 | In an investigation of cell-mediated immunity against Bordetella pertussis, we found that B. pertussis infection in infants and in mice was associated with the induction of antigen-specific T cells that secrete IFN-g and IL-2, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 1919 | 9272363 | An examination of cytokine production following immunization with a three-component acellular vaccine, comprising inactive PT, FHA and pertactin adsorbed to alum, demonstrated that spleen cells from vaccinated mice produced high levels of IL-5, but no detectable IFN-g and low levels of IL-2. |
| 1920 | 9272363 | In contrast, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated infants produced IL-2, IL-5 and IFN-g. |
| 1921 | 9272363 | In an investigation of cell-mediated immunity against Bordetella pertussis, we found that B. pertussis infection in infants and in mice was associated with the induction of antigen-specific T cells that secrete IFN-g and IL-2, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 1922 | 9272363 | An examination of cytokine production following immunization with a three-component acellular vaccine, comprising inactive PT, FHA and pertactin adsorbed to alum, demonstrated that spleen cells from vaccinated mice produced high levels of IL-5, but no detectable IFN-g and low levels of IL-2. |
| 1923 | 9272363 | In contrast, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated infants produced IL-2, IL-5 and IFN-g. |
| 1924 | 9278182 | We have also shown that tetanus toxoid (TT) specific CD4+ T cell clones, with a known cytokine production profile, were sensitive to the inhibitory effects of thiopental and exhibited decreased proliferation to TT as well as decreased secretion of IL-2. |
| 1925 | 9278182 | In addition, we have shown that whereas IL-2 and interferon-gamma production is dramatically impaired by the drug, IL-4 production is not significantly altered. |
| 1926 | 9278182 | We have also shown that tetanus toxoid (TT) specific CD4+ T cell clones, with a known cytokine production profile, were sensitive to the inhibitory effects of thiopental and exhibited decreased proliferation to TT as well as decreased secretion of IL-2. |
| 1927 | 9278182 | In addition, we have shown that whereas IL-2 and interferon-gamma production is dramatically impaired by the drug, IL-4 production is not significantly altered. |
| 1928 | 9285313 | Influence of some immune factors on the IL-6 and soluble IL-2 receptors in haemodialysed patients. |
| 1929 | 9285313 | The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of uraemic and haemodialysis factors on the interleukin-6 and interleukin-2 soluble receptor levels and the reactivity after influenza vaccination. |
| 1930 | 9285313 | We have found that IL-6 and IL-2 receptor levels were statistically significantly elevated (98.8 +/- 39 pg/ml and 1557 +/- 544 U/ml, respectively) in serum of haemodialysed patients. |
| 1931 | 9285313 | We conclude that the interleukin disturbance and the elevated interleukin-2 receptor levels together with the presence of circulating immune complexes can influence in some way the immune response of haemodialysed patients. |
| 1932 | 9285313 | Influence of some immune factors on the IL-6 and soluble IL-2 receptors in haemodialysed patients. |
| 1933 | 9285313 | The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of uraemic and haemodialysis factors on the interleukin-6 and interleukin-2 soluble receptor levels and the reactivity after influenza vaccination. |
| 1934 | 9285313 | We have found that IL-6 and IL-2 receptor levels were statistically significantly elevated (98.8 +/- 39 pg/ml and 1557 +/- 544 U/ml, respectively) in serum of haemodialysed patients. |
| 1935 | 9285313 | We conclude that the interleukin disturbance and the elevated interleukin-2 receptor levels together with the presence of circulating immune complexes can influence in some way the immune response of haemodialysed patients. |
| 1936 | 9285313 | Influence of some immune factors on the IL-6 and soluble IL-2 receptors in haemodialysed patients. |
| 1937 | 9285313 | The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of uraemic and haemodialysis factors on the interleukin-6 and interleukin-2 soluble receptor levels and the reactivity after influenza vaccination. |
| 1938 | 9285313 | We have found that IL-6 and IL-2 receptor levels were statistically significantly elevated (98.8 +/- 39 pg/ml and 1557 +/- 544 U/ml, respectively) in serum of haemodialysed patients. |
| 1939 | 9285313 | We conclude that the interleukin disturbance and the elevated interleukin-2 receptor levels together with the presence of circulating immune complexes can influence in some way the immune response of haemodialysed patients. |
| 1940 | 9285313 | Influence of some immune factors on the IL-6 and soluble IL-2 receptors in haemodialysed patients. |
| 1941 | 9285313 | The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of uraemic and haemodialysis factors on the interleukin-6 and interleukin-2 soluble receptor levels and the reactivity after influenza vaccination. |
| 1942 | 9285313 | We have found that IL-6 and IL-2 receptor levels were statistically significantly elevated (98.8 +/- 39 pg/ml and 1557 +/- 544 U/ml, respectively) in serum of haemodialysed patients. |
| 1943 | 9285313 | We conclude that the interleukin disturbance and the elevated interleukin-2 receptor levels together with the presence of circulating immune complexes can influence in some way the immune response of haemodialysed patients. |
| 1944 | 9292418 | C. neoformans-stimulated control PBMC released IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 into the supernatant with peak or near peak concentrations of these three cytokines generally seen by day 1. |
| 1945 | 9292418 | In contrast, C. neoformans-stimulated patient PBMC released IFN-gamma, which peaked on day 7, as well as IL-4, IL-10, and in one of two patients, IL-2. |
| 1946 | 9292418 | C. neoformans-stimulated control PBMC released IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 into the supernatant with peak or near peak concentrations of these three cytokines generally seen by day 1. |
| 1947 | 9292418 | In contrast, C. neoformans-stimulated patient PBMC released IFN-gamma, which peaked on day 7, as well as IL-4, IL-10, and in one of two patients, IL-2. |
| 1948 | 9302743 | The codelivery of vectors encoding IL-2, IL-7, or IL-12 blocked this effect by markedly enhancing gp120-specific interferon gamma production, and suppressing IL-4 and IgG1 responses. |
| 1949 | 9302743 | In this case, IFN-gamma production following in vitro stimulation increased by over 1000-fold, while IL-4, IgG1, and IgG2a responses were elevated as well. |
| 1950 | 9302743 | Interestingly, cytokine gene codelivery, in the context of the longer resting period, provided no additional stimulation of Th1-like responses such as IFN-gamma and IgG2a production, although there was still some suppression of IL-4 production. |
| 1951 | 9310492 | Bulk peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or enriched CD8+ T cells were stimulated for 10 days with autologous ALVAC-infected PBMCs in the presence of different cytokine combinations (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-7, and IL-12). |
| 1952 | 9310492 | The ALVAC activation of CTLp was IL-2 dependent and enhanced by the addition of IL-7, whereas IL-4 and IL-12 failed to augment cytotoxic reactivities elicited by these constructs. |
| 1953 | 9310492 | The expansion of enriched CD8+ T cells after activation with vCP300 was higher in patients with CD4 counts greater than 400 cells/microL. |
| 1954 | 9310492 | Bulk peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or enriched CD8+ T cells were stimulated for 10 days with autologous ALVAC-infected PBMCs in the presence of different cytokine combinations (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-7, and IL-12). |
| 1955 | 9310492 | The ALVAC activation of CTLp was IL-2 dependent and enhanced by the addition of IL-7, whereas IL-4 and IL-12 failed to augment cytotoxic reactivities elicited by these constructs. |
| 1956 | 9310492 | The expansion of enriched CD8+ T cells after activation with vCP300 was higher in patients with CD4 counts greater than 400 cells/microL. |
| 1957 | 9314076 | Extensive studies of the molecular basis of the latter phenomenon led to the conclusion that the most decisive step from non-specific microabscess formation to granulomatous inflammation is the activation of non-specifically invading CD4+ T cells, which results in high local concentrations of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in the presence of IL-2. |
| 1958 | 9314076 | Because any attempt to neutralize the effects of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma to modulate T-cell-mediated inflammation will also dramatically decrease host resistance, other anti-inflammatory strategies based on the modulation of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma-induced mechanisms of monocyte accumulation must be developed. |
| 1959 | 9315484 | A variety of cytokines such as granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-gamma, as well as the costimulatory molecule B7.1, have been tested to date for their ability to amplify the immune response to genetic vaccines. |
| 1960 | 9336741 | We have transfected human melanoma cell line 518A2 with the cDNA encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and compared cytokine-producing clones for their ability to induce melanoma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro. |
| 1961 | 9336741 | The parental cell line expressed HLA-A1, HLA-A2, ICAM-1, LFA-3, in addition to the common CTL antigens MAGE-1, MAGE-3, tyrosinase, gp100, and Melan-A/MART-1. |
| 1962 | 9341783 | Therefore, we analyzed the C26 murine colon carcinoma genetically modified to release interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-12, granulocyte colony-stimulating-factor (CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF for immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody NDLC145 recognizing the DEC205 determinant which, on tumor sections, is virtually restricted to DC. |
| 1963 | 9341783 | Infiltrating leukocytes were also characterized for expression of co-stimulatory molecules like CD54, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II. |
| 1964 | 9341783 | The intratumoral DC content was dependent on the type of transduced cytokines with C26/IL-4 being the most abundant in DEC205+ cells. |
| 1965 | 9341783 | In comparison with C26/GM-CSF, C26/IL-4 had more B7.2+ cells but less Ia+ cells. |
| 1966 | 9341783 | Furthermore, the hypertrophic skin overlaying tumors producing GM-CSF showed numerous Langerhans cells stained by NDLC145 and the draining lymph nodes showed abundance and paucity of DC in C26/GM-CSF and C26/IL-4, respectively. |
| 1967 | 9341783 | When injected into the ear pinna, C26/GM-CSF stimulated, whereas C26/IL-4 inhibited DC-mediated priming of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction by 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene. |
| 1968 | 9349474 | The intravenous infection of the C8 variant of the SIVmac251/32H virus, carrying an in-frame 12 bp deletion in the nef gene, did not affect the CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts, and a persistent infection associated with an extremely low virus burden in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was established. |
| 1969 | 9349474 | Furthermore, in contrast to the control monkeys, the vaccinated monkeys showed normal levels for CD4+ and CD8+ cells, minimal lymphoid hyperplasia and no clinical signs of infection. |
| 1970 | 9349474 | This appears to be dependent on the ability of the C8 variant to establish a persistent but attenuated infection which is necessary for inducing an immune response, as suggested by the persistence of a strong immune B cell memory and by the over-expression of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma and IL-15 mRNAs in PBMCs of C8-vaccinated monkeys but not in those of control monkeys. |
| 1971 | 9363590 | Serial plasma collected from the volunteers from day 0 (before infection) to day 17 after infection were examined for levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble CD4 (sCD4), soluble CD8 (sCD8), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (INF gamma). |
| 1972 | 9363590 | Elevation of the levels of sIL-2R, IFN gamma, sCD4 and IL-2 became obvious during the period of viremia and was followed by a later increase in the level of sCD8. |
| 1973 | 9363590 | T cells are activated in vivo by dengue virus infection ii. activation of CD4+ T cells occurs during the period of viremia iii. activation of CD8+ T cells follows CD4+ T cell activation. |
| 1974 | 9363590 | Serial plasma collected from the volunteers from day 0 (before infection) to day 17 after infection were examined for levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble CD4 (sCD4), soluble CD8 (sCD8), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (INF gamma). |
| 1975 | 9363590 | Elevation of the levels of sIL-2R, IFN gamma, sCD4 and IL-2 became obvious during the period of viremia and was followed by a later increase in the level of sCD8. |
| 1976 | 9363590 | T cells are activated in vivo by dengue virus infection ii. activation of CD4+ T cells occurs during the period of viremia iii. activation of CD8+ T cells follows CD4+ T cell activation. |
| 1977 | 9364701 | To test this concept, expression vectors were constructed containing the ovalbumin (OVA) gene either alone, or linked to cytokine genes including GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, or a sequence encoding nine amino acids of IL-1 beta. |
| 1978 | 9364701 | However, lymphocytes from BALB/c mice vaccinated with OVA-IL-12 and OVA-IL-1 beta constructs produced more IFN-gamma and less IL-4 during in vitro restimulation assays than did other groups. |
| 1979 | 9366440 | Furthermore, we determined if coadministration of an IL-2 or GM-CSF DNA expression plasmid with a plasmid expressing the HCV core protein (pHCV2-2) would reverse the inhibitory effects of chronic ethanol feeding on cellular immune responses. |
| 1980 | 9366440 | Coimmunization of chronic ethanol-fed mice with either IL-2 or GM-CSF expression plasmids restored cellular immunity and induced CD4+ inflammatory T cell and CD8+ CTL responses comparable with control mice immunized with pHCV2-2 alone. |
| 1981 | 9366440 | Furthermore, we determined if coadministration of an IL-2 or GM-CSF DNA expression plasmid with a plasmid expressing the HCV core protein (pHCV2-2) would reverse the inhibitory effects of chronic ethanol feeding on cellular immune responses. |
| 1982 | 9366440 | Coimmunization of chronic ethanol-fed mice with either IL-2 or GM-CSF expression plasmids restored cellular immunity and induced CD4+ inflammatory T cell and CD8+ CTL responses comparable with control mice immunized with pHCV2-2 alone. |
| 1983 | 9379055 | Purified populations of bovine immune and naive CD8+ T cells were cocultured with autologous T. parva-infected lymphoblasts (TpL) in the presence or absence of immune CD4+ T cells or cytokine preparations. |
| 1984 | 9379055 | Neither population developed CTL activity when cultured with TpL alone, whereas incorporation of immune CD4+ T cells in the cultures supported the generation of parasite-specific CTL from both immune and naive CD8+ precursors. |
| 1985 | 9379055 | The helper function of parasite-specific CD4+ T cells for immune, but not naive, CTL precursors could be replaced by CD4+ T cells responding to an unrelated Ag or by the addition of T cell growth factors or recombinant bovine IL-2. |
| 1986 | 9379055 | In experiments with two-chamber culture plates, in which cocultures of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with TpL were separated by a semipermeable membrane, CTL activity was observed to develop only in immune precursor populations. |
| 1987 | 9379055 | Hence, although bovine T. parva-specific CD8+ memory T cells need no helper signals other than IL-2 for activation, their naive counterparts require close contact with responding parasite-specific CD4+ T cells. |
| 1988 | 9379055 | Purified populations of bovine immune and naive CD8+ T cells were cocultured with autologous T. parva-infected lymphoblasts (TpL) in the presence or absence of immune CD4+ T cells or cytokine preparations. |
| 1989 | 9379055 | Neither population developed CTL activity when cultured with TpL alone, whereas incorporation of immune CD4+ T cells in the cultures supported the generation of parasite-specific CTL from both immune and naive CD8+ precursors. |
| 1990 | 9379055 | The helper function of parasite-specific CD4+ T cells for immune, but not naive, CTL precursors could be replaced by CD4+ T cells responding to an unrelated Ag or by the addition of T cell growth factors or recombinant bovine IL-2. |
| 1991 | 9379055 | In experiments with two-chamber culture plates, in which cocultures of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with TpL were separated by a semipermeable membrane, CTL activity was observed to develop only in immune precursor populations. |
| 1992 | 9379055 | Hence, although bovine T. parva-specific CD8+ memory T cells need no helper signals other than IL-2 for activation, their naive counterparts require close contact with responding parasite-specific CD4+ T cells. |
| 1993 | 9384286 | Cellular activation induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and heat shock proteins (HSP) leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6. |
| 1994 | 9384286 | In this study, we found that IL-4 significantly suppressed IL-1beta secretion induced by BCG and the 70- and 65-kDa HSP. |
| 1995 | 9384286 | When exogenous recombinant human IL-4 was added to human mononuclear cells, a dose- and time-related inhibition of the 70-kDa HSP- and BCG-induced IL-1beta secretion was observed. |
| 1996 | 9384286 | In addition, IL-2, another T-cell-derived cytokine acting on monocytes, had no effect on IL-1beta secretion induced by either BCG or the 70-kDa HSP, indicating that in these experiments not all cytokines could immunoregulate IL-1beta secretion. |
| 1997 | 9384286 | IL-4 was also able to inhibit the secretion of IL-1beta by mycobacterium-stimulated cells from three rheumatoid arthritis patients. |
| 1998 | 9384286 | Finally, IL-4 inhibited IL-6 secretion by mycobacterium-activated human cells. |
| 1999 | 9384701 | Western blotting following stimulation of T cells with parental or genetically engineered IL-2-secreting, B7+ tumor cells revealed increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation in lysates derived from ITB compared with PTB T cells, demonstrating that tumor-derived IL-2 could influence signaling. |
| 2000 | 9384703 | We found in the mouse M-3 melanoma model that two consecutive vaccinations with transfected cells secreting IL-2 protect animals from tumor development by a subsequent challenge, and result in long-lasting tumor-specific immunity dependent on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2001 | 9384703 | Patterns of lymphocyte recirculation and the need for CD4+ T cells indicated that the role of IL-2 is not merely local 'replacement of help', as has been proposed before. |
| 2002 | 9384703 | We found in the mouse M-3 melanoma model that two consecutive vaccinations with transfected cells secreting IL-2 protect animals from tumor development by a subsequent challenge, and result in long-lasting tumor-specific immunity dependent on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2003 | 9384703 | Patterns of lymphocyte recirculation and the need for CD4+ T cells indicated that the role of IL-2 is not merely local 'replacement of help', as has been proposed before. |
| 2004 | 9389737 | Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects. |
| 2005 | 9389737 | HIV infection is characterized by the reduction of the CD4+, CD45RA+, CD26+, and CD28+ lymphocyte subsets and of the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma; on the contrary, chemokine production is usually increased. |
| 2006 | 9389737 | The aim of this study was to define the effects of rIL-2 administration on CD4+, CD45RA+, CD45R0+, and CD26+ lymphocytes and on the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, RANTES, and sCD30 in HIV+ patients. 10 HIV+ patients with CD4 cell counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm3 were treated with six cycles of subcutaneous recombinant IL-2 administration, in combination with zidovudine and didanosine. |
| 2007 | 9389737 | At this time, the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, and sCD30 were significantly upregulated. |
| 2008 | 9389737 | This expanded cell population recovered the ability to produce in vitro IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. |
| 2009 | 9389737 | Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects. |
| 2010 | 9389737 | HIV infection is characterized by the reduction of the CD4+, CD45RA+, CD26+, and CD28+ lymphocyte subsets and of the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma; on the contrary, chemokine production is usually increased. |
| 2011 | 9389737 | The aim of this study was to define the effects of rIL-2 administration on CD4+, CD45RA+, CD45R0+, and CD26+ lymphocytes and on the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, RANTES, and sCD30 in HIV+ patients. 10 HIV+ patients with CD4 cell counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm3 were treated with six cycles of subcutaneous recombinant IL-2 administration, in combination with zidovudine and didanosine. |
| 2012 | 9389737 | At this time, the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, and sCD30 were significantly upregulated. |
| 2013 | 9389737 | This expanded cell population recovered the ability to produce in vitro IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. |
| 2014 | 9389737 | Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects. |
| 2015 | 9389737 | HIV infection is characterized by the reduction of the CD4+, CD45RA+, CD26+, and CD28+ lymphocyte subsets and of the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma; on the contrary, chemokine production is usually increased. |
| 2016 | 9389737 | The aim of this study was to define the effects of rIL-2 administration on CD4+, CD45RA+, CD45R0+, and CD26+ lymphocytes and on the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, RANTES, and sCD30 in HIV+ patients. 10 HIV+ patients with CD4 cell counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm3 were treated with six cycles of subcutaneous recombinant IL-2 administration, in combination with zidovudine and didanosine. |
| 2017 | 9389737 | At this time, the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, and sCD30 were significantly upregulated. |
| 2018 | 9389737 | This expanded cell population recovered the ability to produce in vitro IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. |
| 2019 | 9389737 | Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects. |
| 2020 | 9389737 | HIV infection is characterized by the reduction of the CD4+, CD45RA+, CD26+, and CD28+ lymphocyte subsets and of the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma; on the contrary, chemokine production is usually increased. |
| 2021 | 9389737 | The aim of this study was to define the effects of rIL-2 administration on CD4+, CD45RA+, CD45R0+, and CD26+ lymphocytes and on the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, RANTES, and sCD30 in HIV+ patients. 10 HIV+ patients with CD4 cell counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm3 were treated with six cycles of subcutaneous recombinant IL-2 administration, in combination with zidovudine and didanosine. |
| 2022 | 9389737 | At this time, the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, and sCD30 were significantly upregulated. |
| 2023 | 9389737 | This expanded cell population recovered the ability to produce in vitro IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. |
| 2024 | 9389737 | Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects. |
| 2025 | 9389737 | HIV infection is characterized by the reduction of the CD4+, CD45RA+, CD26+, and CD28+ lymphocyte subsets and of the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma; on the contrary, chemokine production is usually increased. |
| 2026 | 9389737 | The aim of this study was to define the effects of rIL-2 administration on CD4+, CD45RA+, CD45R0+, and CD26+ lymphocytes and on the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, RANTES, and sCD30 in HIV+ patients. 10 HIV+ patients with CD4 cell counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm3 were treated with six cycles of subcutaneous recombinant IL-2 administration, in combination with zidovudine and didanosine. |
| 2027 | 9389737 | At this time, the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, and sCD30 were significantly upregulated. |
| 2028 | 9389737 | This expanded cell population recovered the ability to produce in vitro IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. |
| 2029 | 9394185 | CD4+ and CD8+ T1 cells, through the agency of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, direct the response towards cell-mediated immunity involving cytotoxicity and macrophage activation, whereas T2 cells, through the agency of IL-4 and IL-10, direct the response towards antibody production. |
| 2030 | 9394185 | The two poles are counter-regulatory in that IFN-gamma inhibits antibody formation and IL-4 and IL-10 inhibit macrophage activation. |
| 2031 | 9394185 | However, immune responses are not immutable and can be artificially driven towards one or other pole, for example IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 favour T1 responses, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 favour the T2 type. |
| 2032 | 9394185 | For example, in experimental leishmaniasis, protective immune responses can be induced by the incorporation of genes for IL-2 and IFN-gamma into recombinant Salmonella typhimurium vectors and nucleic acid vaccines. |
| 2033 | 9394185 | CD4+ and CD8+ T1 cells, through the agency of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, direct the response towards cell-mediated immunity involving cytotoxicity and macrophage activation, whereas T2 cells, through the agency of IL-4 and IL-10, direct the response towards antibody production. |
| 2034 | 9394185 | The two poles are counter-regulatory in that IFN-gamma inhibits antibody formation and IL-4 and IL-10 inhibit macrophage activation. |
| 2035 | 9394185 | However, immune responses are not immutable and can be artificially driven towards one or other pole, for example IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 favour T1 responses, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 favour the T2 type. |
| 2036 | 9394185 | For example, in experimental leishmaniasis, protective immune responses can be induced by the incorporation of genes for IL-2 and IFN-gamma into recombinant Salmonella typhimurium vectors and nucleic acid vaccines. |
| 2037 | 9394185 | CD4+ and CD8+ T1 cells, through the agency of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, direct the response towards cell-mediated immunity involving cytotoxicity and macrophage activation, whereas T2 cells, through the agency of IL-4 and IL-10, direct the response towards antibody production. |
| 2038 | 9394185 | The two poles are counter-regulatory in that IFN-gamma inhibits antibody formation and IL-4 and IL-10 inhibit macrophage activation. |
| 2039 | 9394185 | However, immune responses are not immutable and can be artificially driven towards one or other pole, for example IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 favour T1 responses, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 favour the T2 type. |
| 2040 | 9394185 | For example, in experimental leishmaniasis, protective immune responses can be induced by the incorporation of genes for IL-2 and IFN-gamma into recombinant Salmonella typhimurium vectors and nucleic acid vaccines. |
| 2041 | 9394518 | In vitro stimulation of splenocytes from BALB/c protected mice with Larp33 elicited the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, suggesting that a Th1 cell-mediated protective response is associated with the resistance observed in these mice. |
| 2042 | 9399949 | We used an animal model, experimental myasthenia gravis induced in C57Bl/6 mice by immunization with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (TAChR), to demonstrate that nasal administration of synthetic sequences of the TAChR alpha-subunit- forming epitopes recognized by anti-TAChR CD4+ T helper cells (residues alpha150-169, alpha181-200, and alpha360-378), given before and during immunization with TAChR, causes decreased CD4+ responsiveness to those epitopes and to TAChR, reduced synthesis of anti-TAChR Ab, and prevented experimental myasthenia gravis. |
| 2043 | 9399949 | Secretion of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 by spleen T cells from TAChR immunized mice, in response to challenge with TAChR in vitro, indicated that in sham-tolerized mice only Th1 cells responded to TAChR, while peptide-treated mice had also an AChR-specific Th2 response. |
| 2044 | 9408607 | There was no difference in expression of IL-2R between the parental and IL-2 gene-transduced cells. |
| 2045 | 9408607 | Sensitivity of the parental and IL-2 gene-transduced targets to lysis or apoptosis mediated by purified human natural killer (NK) cells or IL-2-activated NK (A-NK) cells was comparable as measured in 4-hour 51Cr-release and 1-hour [3H]thymidine-release assays, respectively. |
| 2046 | 9408607 | There was no difference in expression of IL-2R between the parental and IL-2 gene-transduced cells. |
| 2047 | 9408607 | Sensitivity of the parental and IL-2 gene-transduced targets to lysis or apoptosis mediated by purified human natural killer (NK) cells or IL-2-activated NK (A-NK) cells was comparable as measured in 4-hour 51Cr-release and 1-hour [3H]thymidine-release assays, respectively. |
| 2048 | 9408967 | Recent evidence suggests that cytokine combinations, such as IL-2, IL-6, and TNF alpha, can activate both naive and memory T cells in vitro. |
| 2049 | 9409450 | Immunization with a syngeneic tumor infected with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces tumor regression and long-lasting systemic immunity. |
| 2050 | 9409450 | A recombinant vaccinia virus encoding the gene for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rV-GM-CSF) was used to infect the poorly immunogenic murine colon adenocarcinoma cell line, MC-38. |
| 2051 | 9409450 | Moreover, in vivo T-cell depletion studies revealed that growth suppression of the rV-GM-CSF-infected tumor cells was dependent on the presence of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets. |
| 2052 | 9409450 | No such effects were observed when MC-38 tumor cells were infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-6. |
| 2053 | 9414396 | Immunization of mice with irradiated melanoma tumor cells transfected to secrete lymphokines and coupled with IL-2 or GM-CSF therapy. |
| 2054 | 9414396 | We compared the immunogenic activity of irradiated vaccines prepared from B16 F10 melanoma cells with one made from B16 F10 melanoma cells transfected with genes encoding murine IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 2055 | 9414396 | Immunization of mice with irradiated melanoma tumor cells transfected to secrete lymphokines and coupled with IL-2 or GM-CSF therapy. |
| 2056 | 9414396 | We compared the immunogenic activity of irradiated vaccines prepared from B16 F10 melanoma cells with one made from B16 F10 melanoma cells transfected with genes encoding murine IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 2057 | 9424847 | NS1 protein expressed by adenovirus increased the level of the key interleukins (IL) interferon, tumor necrosis factor, IL-1 beta, IL-2, and, probably, IL-4. |
| 2058 | 9429893 | IL-2, IFN-gamma) and humoral (evaluated by ELISA) responses which were comparable to those induced in the 30 kDa IFA-immunized group. |
| 2059 | 9436032 | Cytokine genes (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 2, interferon gamma) and costimulatory molecule, B7-1, were incorporated into canarypox virus, ALVAC, which does not replicate in infected mammalian cells, and highly attenuated vaccinia virus, NYVAC. |
| 2060 | 9449530 | PBMC from healthy donors and IVDU individuals were exposed to PAI, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and to combinations of PAI with either PHA or IL-2. |
| 2061 | 9449530 | When PBMC cultures from the same group of individuals were exposed to PAI, PHA and IL-2, and to the combination of either PAI plus PHA or IL-2, the response observed in the PAI treated group was uniformly lower than in the other treated cultures. |
| 2062 | 9449530 | The effect of PAI on IL-2 activity was negligible. |
| 2063 | 9449530 | PBMC from healthy donors and IVDU individuals were exposed to PAI, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and to combinations of PAI with either PHA or IL-2. |
| 2064 | 9449530 | When PBMC cultures from the same group of individuals were exposed to PAI, PHA and IL-2, and to the combination of either PAI plus PHA or IL-2, the response observed in the PAI treated group was uniformly lower than in the other treated cultures. |
| 2065 | 9449530 | The effect of PAI on IL-2 activity was negligible. |
| 2066 | 9449530 | PBMC from healthy donors and IVDU individuals were exposed to PAI, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and to combinations of PAI with either PHA or IL-2. |
| 2067 | 9449530 | When PBMC cultures from the same group of individuals were exposed to PAI, PHA and IL-2, and to the combination of either PAI plus PHA or IL-2, the response observed in the PAI treated group was uniformly lower than in the other treated cultures. |
| 2068 | 9449530 | The effect of PAI on IL-2 activity was negligible. |
| 2069 | 9451905 | To investigate kinetics and stability, urinary levels of IL-8, IL-2 and IL-6 cytokines after BCG treatment, were determined. |
| 2070 | 9451905 | During the first three weeks of the treatment and follow-up period IL-8 peaked significantly earlier than IL-2 or IL-6. |
| 2071 | 9451905 | To investigate kinetics and stability, urinary levels of IL-8, IL-2 and IL-6 cytokines after BCG treatment, were determined. |
| 2072 | 9451905 | During the first three weeks of the treatment and follow-up period IL-8 peaked significantly earlier than IL-2 or IL-6. |
| 2073 | 9458367 | CD80+ transfectants were more sensitive to the cytotolytic effect of MC12-immune splenocytes and IL-2-activated spleen cells than the parental MC12 sarcoma. |
| 2074 | 9467302 | Isolated blood mononuclear cells (BMC) were examined for their ability to proliferate and to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon (IFN) after either mitogenic or antigenic stimulation in vitro. |
| 2075 | 9469425 | Splenic T cells isolated from BALB/c mice that had been mucosally tolerized by oral administration of 25 mg of OVA revealed selective increases in IFN-gamma production with impaired levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. |
| 2076 | 9469425 | In addition, OVA-specific T cells from IFN-gamma-/- mice produced Th2-type cytokines (e.g., IL-4), which provided help for systemic OVA-specific serum IgG1 and IgG2b Ab responses. |
| 2077 | 9472658 | The cytokine secretion profile of restimulated immune lymphoid cells showed that UBX raised IL-2 and interferon-gamma levels and decreased IL-4 production. |
| 2078 | 9498757 | Further, the inhibitory effect of mIEC was not restored by antibodies to TGF-beta, CD1d, E-cadherin, or MHC class I or II. |
| 2079 | 9498757 | This inhibitory effect was noted for both gammadelta and alphabeta T cell subsets from IELs, and mRNA levels were reduced for both Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-5) cytokines in gammadelta and alphabeta IELs. |
| 2080 | 9507233 | AA supplementation caused significant increases in the in vitro secretion of LTB4, and PGE2, but it did not alter the in vitro secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha; interleukins 1 beta, 2, 6; and the receptor for interleukin 2. |
| 2081 | 9520286 | To characterize immune responses to these immunogens, we examined the production of antibodies to the B700 melanoma antigen, the stimulation of endogenous IL-2 production, the expression of CD4, CD8, Vbeta and CD25 T cell markers, and the induction of NK activity. |
| 2082 | 9520286 | Levels of antibodies to the B700 melanoma antigen were also significantly higher in mice immunized with the SEA-secreting B16 cells, as was expression of CD4, CD8, CD25 and Vbeta T cell antigens, particularly CD4. |
| 2083 | 9529135 | Vaccination with murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing WEHI3 cells resulted in only 20% survival of i.v. challenged mice, and the additional combination of IL-2- and IL-7-producing vaccine did not reveal any additive or synergistic effects. |
| 2084 | 9529135 | Taken together, we have identified IL-7 and IL-2 as effective cytokines in our leukemia/vaccination model with only marginal activity by GM-CSF. |
| 2085 | 9529135 | Vaccination with murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing WEHI3 cells resulted in only 20% survival of i.v. challenged mice, and the additional combination of IL-2- and IL-7-producing vaccine did not reveal any additive or synergistic effects. |
| 2086 | 9529135 | Taken together, we have identified IL-7 and IL-2 as effective cytokines in our leukemia/vaccination model with only marginal activity by GM-CSF. |
| 2087 | 9535555 | Immunotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by vaccination with autologous leukemic cells transfected with a cDNA expression plasmid coding for an allogeneic HLA class I antigen combined with interleukin-2 treatment. |
| 2088 | 9538149 | Depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ effector cells with monoclonal antibodies has significantly decreased the effect of the vaccination. |
| 2089 | 9538149 | It can be concluded that both, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are required for effective IL-2 gene therapy of the X63-Ag8.653 plasmacytoma and that the higher effect of the irradiated vaccines is probably due to their higher IL-2 production. |
| 2090 | 9541605 | Recently we and others reported that specific immune responses generated by DNA vaccine could be modulated by co-delivery of gene expression cassettes encoding for IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. |
| 2091 | 9541605 | To further engineer the immune response in vivo, we investigated the induction and regulation of immune responses following the co-delivery of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta), Th1 cytokine (IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18), and Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) genes. |
| 2092 | 9541605 | We observed enhancement of antigen-specific humoral response with the co-delivery of Th2 cytokine genes IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 as well as those of IL-2 and IL-18. |
| 2093 | 9541605 | A dramatic increase in antigen-specific T helper cell proliferation was seen with IL-2 and TNF-alpha gene co-injections. |
| 2094 | 9541605 | In addition, we observed a significant enhancement of the cytotoxic response with the co-administration of TNF-alpha and IL-15 genes with HIV-1 DNA immunogens. |
| 2095 | 9541605 | Recently we and others reported that specific immune responses generated by DNA vaccine could be modulated by co-delivery of gene expression cassettes encoding for IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. |
| 2096 | 9541605 | To further engineer the immune response in vivo, we investigated the induction and regulation of immune responses following the co-delivery of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta), Th1 cytokine (IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18), and Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) genes. |
| 2097 | 9541605 | We observed enhancement of antigen-specific humoral response with the co-delivery of Th2 cytokine genes IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 as well as those of IL-2 and IL-18. |
| 2098 | 9541605 | A dramatic increase in antigen-specific T helper cell proliferation was seen with IL-2 and TNF-alpha gene co-injections. |
| 2099 | 9541605 | In addition, we observed a significant enhancement of the cytotoxic response with the co-administration of TNF-alpha and IL-15 genes with HIV-1 DNA immunogens. |
| 2100 | 9541605 | Recently we and others reported that specific immune responses generated by DNA vaccine could be modulated by co-delivery of gene expression cassettes encoding for IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. |
| 2101 | 9541605 | To further engineer the immune response in vivo, we investigated the induction and regulation of immune responses following the co-delivery of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta), Th1 cytokine (IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18), and Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) genes. |
| 2102 | 9541605 | We observed enhancement of antigen-specific humoral response with the co-delivery of Th2 cytokine genes IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 as well as those of IL-2 and IL-18. |
| 2103 | 9541605 | A dramatic increase in antigen-specific T helper cell proliferation was seen with IL-2 and TNF-alpha gene co-injections. |
| 2104 | 9541605 | In addition, we observed a significant enhancement of the cytotoxic response with the co-administration of TNF-alpha and IL-15 genes with HIV-1 DNA immunogens. |
| 2105 | 9554257 | Further, iscoms induce APC to produce IL-1, IL-6 and IL-12 and a TH1 type of response with enhanced IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 2106 | 9554281 | There was evidence of induction of IL2, IL4 and interferon-gamma genes by microsphere vaccines in splenic but not lymph node cells. |
| 2107 | 9554283 | Cytokines produced by spleen cells included high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 2108 | 9557706 | In addition, the genes for the alpha and beta chains of interleukin-12 (IL-12), as well as the IL-2 gene, were expressed in separate NYVAC vectors and inoculated intramuscularly, in conjunction with or separate from the NYVAC-SIV vaccine, in 40 macaques. |
| 2109 | 9558062 | This protective effect required minimal amounts of incorporated Ag and IL-2 and elicited specific Abs (compared with free Ag or liposomal control Ig which did not elicit any specific Abs); depletion experiments demonstrated a requirement for effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2110 | 9562694 | Mice orally immunized with killed S. dublin in conjunction with LT(R192G) were protected against lethal oral challenge and had higher IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IgG responses than did mice orally immunized with killed S. dublin alone which were not protected. |
| 2111 | 9562695 | While the Th2-type cytokine IL-4 was detected in the sera after intranasal immunization with HA vaccine and sodium polystyrene sulfonate, neither IFN-gamma nor IL-2 could be detected. |
| 2112 | 9568614 | These proliferating cells secreted IFN-gamma and IL-2 at concentrations ranging from 610 pg/ml to 1290 pg/ml and from 152 pg/ml to 310 pg/ml, respectively. |
| 2113 | 9568614 | Only up to 45 pg/ml and 42 pg/ml of IFN-gamma and IL-2, respectively, were detected in supernatants of splenocytes from control mice. |
| 2114 | 9568614 | These proliferating cells secreted IFN-gamma and IL-2 at concentrations ranging from 610 pg/ml to 1290 pg/ml and from 152 pg/ml to 310 pg/ml, respectively. |
| 2115 | 9568614 | Only up to 45 pg/ml and 42 pg/ml of IFN-gamma and IL-2, respectively, were detected in supernatants of splenocytes from control mice. |
| 2116 | 9570300 | Hepatoma cells, derived from ASV-B transgenic mice, were gene-transduced to express either interleukin-2, interleukin-4, the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or the T-cell costimulatory molecule B7.1. |
| 2117 | 9570545 | Protective effect on Leishmania major infection of migration inhibitory factor, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma administered orally via attenuated Salmonella typhimurium. |
| 2118 | 9570545 | The genes encoding murine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), IL-2, IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha were cloned individually into an expression plasmid under the control of the inducible promoter nirB and transfected into the aroA- aroD- deletion mutant strain of Salmonella typhimurium (BRD509). |
| 2119 | 9570550 | Mice immunized with a hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA vaccine and the IL-12 or IFN-gamma gene exhibited a significant enhancement of Th1 cells and increased production of anti-HBV surface IgG2a Ab, as well as a marked inhibition of Th2 cells and decreased production of IgG1 Ab. |
| 2120 | 9570550 | The CTL activity induced by HBV DNA vaccination was most significantly enhanced by codelivery of the IL-12 or IFN-gamma gene, followed by the IL-2 or granulocyte-macrophage-CSF gene, whereas codelivery of the IL-4 gene suppressed the activity. |
| 2121 | 9570550 | When challenged with HBV surface Ag (HBsAg)-expressing syngeneic tumors, significant reduction of tumor growth was observed in mice that were coadministered the IL-12 gene but not the IL-4 gene. |
| 2122 | 9573061 | Proliferative responses to both infected autologous endothelial cells and monocytes were characterized by expansion of a mixture of CD4+, CD8+, and gammadelta T cells. |
| 2123 | 9573061 | Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of cytokine expression by C. ruminantium-specific T-cell lines and immune PBMC revealed weak interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) transcripts at 3 to 24 h after stimulation. |
| 2124 | 9573061 | Strong expression of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta, and IL-2 receptor alpha-chain mRNA was detected in T-cell lines 48 h after antigen stimulation. |
| 2125 | 9573061 | Proliferative responses to both infected autologous endothelial cells and monocytes were characterized by expansion of a mixture of CD4+, CD8+, and gammadelta T cells. |
| 2126 | 9573061 | Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of cytokine expression by C. ruminantium-specific T-cell lines and immune PBMC revealed weak interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) transcripts at 3 to 24 h after stimulation. |
| 2127 | 9573061 | Strong expression of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta, and IL-2 receptor alpha-chain mRNA was detected in T-cell lines 48 h after antigen stimulation. |
| 2128 | 9573069 | Nramp1 regulates macrophage activation and has multiple pleiotropic effects, including regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, all of which influence antigen processing and presentation. |
| 2129 | 9573069 | Results show that congenic mice carrying the wild-type (S. typhimurium resistance) Nramp1 allele mount a predominantly T-helper-1 (IL-2 and gamma interferon) response to vaccination and show enhanced resolution of lesions following challenge infection with Leishmania major. |
| 2130 | 9573069 | In contrast, mice carrying mutant (S. typhimurium susceptibility) Nramp1 mount a T-helper-2 (immunoglobulin E and IL-4) response and show exacerbated lesion growth upon challenge. |
| 2131 | 9573261 | This adjuvant augmented production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) associated with decrease in IL-4 synthesis by antigen-restimulated splenocytes. |
| 2132 | 9607016 | In general, DTH response to the various immunogens was reflected by increased cellularity and mRNA levels for IFN-gamma in draining lymph nodes, whereas LN cell proliferation without DTH was characterized by increased IL-2 mRNA levels but low or absent IFN-gamma message. |
| 2133 | 9607568 | Future trials will attempt to enhance the antitumor response by the addition of interleukin 2, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and other cytokines, together with the 1A7 vaccine. |
| 2134 | 9607852 | Cytokine responses to VZV, including interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-10 were equivalent between children and adults at 5 years. |
| 2135 | 9610908 | When compared with exogenous IL-2, RCC-Ad-IL-2 induced less growth expansion of TILs whereas a reduced CD56+ (23 +/- 14% vs. 44 +/- 13%; p < 0.05) but increased CD3+CD4+ cell population (32 +/- 11% vs. 15 +/- 6%; p < 0.05) with enhanced T cell-receptor use (59 +/- 10% vs. 42 +/- 7%; p < 0.005) was determined. |
| 2136 | 9610908 | An augmented human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxicity was detected in RCC-Ad-IL-2-expanded TILs (day 35, 15.3 +/- 4.2 LU vs. 4.6 +/- 1.8 LU; p < 0.005). |
| 2137 | 9610908 | These properties were mediated by the CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell populations, as demonstrated by antibody-blocking assays. |
| 2138 | 9610908 | A unique cytokine profile also was detected in RCC-Ad-IL-2-induced TILs, which demonstrated an upregulation of both GM-CSF and IL-6 mRNA as compared with TILs expanded in the presence of exogenous IL-2. |
| 2139 | 9610908 | When compared with exogenous IL-2, RCC-Ad-IL-2 induced less growth expansion of TILs whereas a reduced CD56+ (23 +/- 14% vs. 44 +/- 13%; p < 0.05) but increased CD3+CD4+ cell population (32 +/- 11% vs. 15 +/- 6%; p < 0.05) with enhanced T cell-receptor use (59 +/- 10% vs. 42 +/- 7%; p < 0.005) was determined. |
| 2140 | 9610908 | An augmented human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxicity was detected in RCC-Ad-IL-2-expanded TILs (day 35, 15.3 +/- 4.2 LU vs. 4.6 +/- 1.8 LU; p < 0.005). |
| 2141 | 9610908 | These properties were mediated by the CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell populations, as demonstrated by antibody-blocking assays. |
| 2142 | 9610908 | A unique cytokine profile also was detected in RCC-Ad-IL-2-induced TILs, which demonstrated an upregulation of both GM-CSF and IL-6 mRNA as compared with TILs expanded in the presence of exogenous IL-2. |
| 2143 | 9610908 | When compared with exogenous IL-2, RCC-Ad-IL-2 induced less growth expansion of TILs whereas a reduced CD56+ (23 +/- 14% vs. 44 +/- 13%; p < 0.05) but increased CD3+CD4+ cell population (32 +/- 11% vs. 15 +/- 6%; p < 0.05) with enhanced T cell-receptor use (59 +/- 10% vs. 42 +/- 7%; p < 0.005) was determined. |
| 2144 | 9610908 | An augmented human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxicity was detected in RCC-Ad-IL-2-expanded TILs (day 35, 15.3 +/- 4.2 LU vs. 4.6 +/- 1.8 LU; p < 0.005). |
| 2145 | 9610908 | These properties were mediated by the CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell populations, as demonstrated by antibody-blocking assays. |
| 2146 | 9610908 | A unique cytokine profile also was detected in RCC-Ad-IL-2-induced TILs, which demonstrated an upregulation of both GM-CSF and IL-6 mRNA as compared with TILs expanded in the presence of exogenous IL-2. |
| 2147 | 9617594 | Immunotherapy involving IFNs and interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone or in combination has yielded similar results to those achieved with chemotherapy alone. |
| 2148 | 9620217 | Involvement of MHC class I molecule and ICAM-1 in the enhancement of adhesion and cytotoxic susceptibility to immune effector cells of tumor cells transfected with the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene. |
| 2149 | 9620217 | To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4- or IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma vaccine, we have analyzed the functional and phenotypic properties of these genetically engineered melanoma cells in the present study. |
| 2150 | 9620217 | Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that both MHC class I and ICAM-1 expression were increased after IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene transfection. |
| 2151 | 9620217 | These results suggested that the decreased tumorigenicity of IL-2-, IL- 4-, and IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma cells may be partly due to the increased sensitivity to effector cell cytotoxicity mediated by increased expression of ICAM-1 or MHC class I molecules on the tumor cell surface after cytokine gene transfection. |
| 2152 | 9620217 | Involvement of MHC class I molecule and ICAM-1 in the enhancement of adhesion and cytotoxic susceptibility to immune effector cells of tumor cells transfected with the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene. |
| 2153 | 9620217 | To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4- or IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma vaccine, we have analyzed the functional and phenotypic properties of these genetically engineered melanoma cells in the present study. |
| 2154 | 9620217 | Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that both MHC class I and ICAM-1 expression were increased after IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene transfection. |
| 2155 | 9620217 | These results suggested that the decreased tumorigenicity of IL-2-, IL- 4-, and IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma cells may be partly due to the increased sensitivity to effector cell cytotoxicity mediated by increased expression of ICAM-1 or MHC class I molecules on the tumor cell surface after cytokine gene transfection. |
| 2156 | 9620217 | Involvement of MHC class I molecule and ICAM-1 in the enhancement of adhesion and cytotoxic susceptibility to immune effector cells of tumor cells transfected with the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene. |
| 2157 | 9620217 | To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4- or IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma vaccine, we have analyzed the functional and phenotypic properties of these genetically engineered melanoma cells in the present study. |
| 2158 | 9620217 | Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that both MHC class I and ICAM-1 expression were increased after IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene transfection. |
| 2159 | 9620217 | These results suggested that the decreased tumorigenicity of IL-2-, IL- 4-, and IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma cells may be partly due to the increased sensitivity to effector cell cytotoxicity mediated by increased expression of ICAM-1 or MHC class I molecules on the tumor cell surface after cytokine gene transfection. |
| 2160 | 9620217 | Involvement of MHC class I molecule and ICAM-1 in the enhancement of adhesion and cytotoxic susceptibility to immune effector cells of tumor cells transfected with the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene. |
| 2161 | 9620217 | To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4- or IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma vaccine, we have analyzed the functional and phenotypic properties of these genetically engineered melanoma cells in the present study. |
| 2162 | 9620217 | Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that both MHC class I and ICAM-1 expression were increased after IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene transfection. |
| 2163 | 9620217 | These results suggested that the decreased tumorigenicity of IL-2-, IL- 4-, and IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma cells may be partly due to the increased sensitivity to effector cell cytotoxicity mediated by increased expression of ICAM-1 or MHC class I molecules on the tumor cell surface after cytokine gene transfection. |
| 2164 | 9620291 | In the ex vivo tumor vaccine approach, B16 melanoma cells, transduced in vitro by adenovirus containing either interleukin (IL)-2, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine genes and gamma irradiated, were subcutaneously injected into the flank and a distant subcutaneous challenge injection of unmodified B16 melanoma cells was performed 15 d later. |
| 2165 | 9620291 | Significant reductions in challenge tumor volume were observed in the IL-2 group (75% reduction; p = 0.02) and in the GM-CSF group (88% reduction; p = 0.0006), whereas the effect for tumor necrosis factor-alpha was not statistically significant. |
| 2166 | 9620291 | In the in vivo treatment of established melanomas, this cytokine approach was combined with a suicide gene therapy and subcutaneous B16 melanomas were directly injected with (i) IL-2/recombinant, replication-deficient adenovirus (adv) and thymidine kinase (tk)/adv, (ii) GM-CSF/adv, IL-2/adv, and tk/adv, or (iii) control beta-galactosidase (beta-gal)/adv and tk/adv. |
| 2167 | 9620291 | Challenge tumor growth was reduced by 56% for the IL-2/tk/adv/GCV treatment (p = 0.041) and by 77% for the GM-CSF/IL-2/tk/adv/GCV treatment p (p = 0.037), in comparison with the beta-gal/tk/GCV control group. |
| 2168 | 9620291 | In the ex vivo tumor vaccine approach, B16 melanoma cells, transduced in vitro by adenovirus containing either interleukin (IL)-2, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine genes and gamma irradiated, were subcutaneously injected into the flank and a distant subcutaneous challenge injection of unmodified B16 melanoma cells was performed 15 d later. |
| 2169 | 9620291 | Significant reductions in challenge tumor volume were observed in the IL-2 group (75% reduction; p = 0.02) and in the GM-CSF group (88% reduction; p = 0.0006), whereas the effect for tumor necrosis factor-alpha was not statistically significant. |
| 2170 | 9620291 | In the in vivo treatment of established melanomas, this cytokine approach was combined with a suicide gene therapy and subcutaneous B16 melanomas were directly injected with (i) IL-2/recombinant, replication-deficient adenovirus (adv) and thymidine kinase (tk)/adv, (ii) GM-CSF/adv, IL-2/adv, and tk/adv, or (iii) control beta-galactosidase (beta-gal)/adv and tk/adv. |
| 2171 | 9620291 | Challenge tumor growth was reduced by 56% for the IL-2/tk/adv/GCV treatment (p = 0.041) and by 77% for the GM-CSF/IL-2/tk/adv/GCV treatment p (p = 0.037), in comparison with the beta-gal/tk/GCV control group. |
| 2172 | 9620291 | In the ex vivo tumor vaccine approach, B16 melanoma cells, transduced in vitro by adenovirus containing either interleukin (IL)-2, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine genes and gamma irradiated, were subcutaneously injected into the flank and a distant subcutaneous challenge injection of unmodified B16 melanoma cells was performed 15 d later. |
| 2173 | 9620291 | Significant reductions in challenge tumor volume were observed in the IL-2 group (75% reduction; p = 0.02) and in the GM-CSF group (88% reduction; p = 0.0006), whereas the effect for tumor necrosis factor-alpha was not statistically significant. |
| 2174 | 9620291 | In the in vivo treatment of established melanomas, this cytokine approach was combined with a suicide gene therapy and subcutaneous B16 melanomas were directly injected with (i) IL-2/recombinant, replication-deficient adenovirus (adv) and thymidine kinase (tk)/adv, (ii) GM-CSF/adv, IL-2/adv, and tk/adv, or (iii) control beta-galactosidase (beta-gal)/adv and tk/adv. |
| 2175 | 9620291 | Challenge tumor growth was reduced by 56% for the IL-2/tk/adv/GCV treatment (p = 0.041) and by 77% for the GM-CSF/IL-2/tk/adv/GCV treatment p (p = 0.037), in comparison with the beta-gal/tk/GCV control group. |
| 2176 | 9620291 | In the ex vivo tumor vaccine approach, B16 melanoma cells, transduced in vitro by adenovirus containing either interleukin (IL)-2, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine genes and gamma irradiated, were subcutaneously injected into the flank and a distant subcutaneous challenge injection of unmodified B16 melanoma cells was performed 15 d later. |
| 2177 | 9620291 | Significant reductions in challenge tumor volume were observed in the IL-2 group (75% reduction; p = 0.02) and in the GM-CSF group (88% reduction; p = 0.0006), whereas the effect for tumor necrosis factor-alpha was not statistically significant. |
| 2178 | 9620291 | In the in vivo treatment of established melanomas, this cytokine approach was combined with a suicide gene therapy and subcutaneous B16 melanomas were directly injected with (i) IL-2/recombinant, replication-deficient adenovirus (adv) and thymidine kinase (tk)/adv, (ii) GM-CSF/adv, IL-2/adv, and tk/adv, or (iii) control beta-galactosidase (beta-gal)/adv and tk/adv. |
| 2179 | 9620291 | Challenge tumor growth was reduced by 56% for the IL-2/tk/adv/GCV treatment (p = 0.041) and by 77% for the GM-CSF/IL-2/tk/adv/GCV treatment p (p = 0.037), in comparison with the beta-gal/tk/GCV control group. |
| 2180 | 9621023 | Protective CD4+ and CD8+ T cells against influenza virus induced by vaccination with nucleoprotein DNA. |
| 2181 | 9621023 | In the present study, we have characterized in more detail the cellular immune responses induced by NP DNA, which included robust lymphoproliferation and Th1-type cytokine secretion (high levels of gamma interferon and interleukin-2 [IL-2], with little IL-4 or IL-10) in response to antigen-specific restimulation of splenocytes in vitro. |
| 2182 | 9621023 | Taken together, these results indicate that immunization with NP DNA primes both cytolytic CD8+ T cells and cytokine-secreting CD4+ T cells. |
| 2183 | 9625805 | Antitumor vaccine effect of irradiated murine neuroblastoma cells producing interleukin-2 or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. |
| 2184 | 9625805 | C1300 cells retrovirally transduced with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulation factor (GM-CSF) gene were established. |
| 2185 | 9625805 | The control mice developed tumors of the challenged wild-type cells, on the contrary, the mice which had received irradiated IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not. |
| 2186 | 9625805 | Thus, IL-2- or GM-CSF-expressing syngeneic tumor cells can be potentially used as a tumor vaccine by inducing protective immunity against low immunogenic neuroblastomas in the inoculated hosts. |
| 2187 | 9625805 | Antitumor vaccine effect of irradiated murine neuroblastoma cells producing interleukin-2 or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. |
| 2188 | 9625805 | C1300 cells retrovirally transduced with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulation factor (GM-CSF) gene were established. |
| 2189 | 9625805 | The control mice developed tumors of the challenged wild-type cells, on the contrary, the mice which had received irradiated IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not. |
| 2190 | 9625805 | Thus, IL-2- or GM-CSF-expressing syngeneic tumor cells can be potentially used as a tumor vaccine by inducing protective immunity against low immunogenic neuroblastomas in the inoculated hosts. |
| 2191 | 9625805 | Antitumor vaccine effect of irradiated murine neuroblastoma cells producing interleukin-2 or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. |
| 2192 | 9625805 | C1300 cells retrovirally transduced with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulation factor (GM-CSF) gene were established. |
| 2193 | 9625805 | The control mice developed tumors of the challenged wild-type cells, on the contrary, the mice which had received irradiated IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not. |
| 2194 | 9625805 | Thus, IL-2- or GM-CSF-expressing syngeneic tumor cells can be potentially used as a tumor vaccine by inducing protective immunity against low immunogenic neuroblastomas in the inoculated hosts. |
| 2195 | 9625805 | Antitumor vaccine effect of irradiated murine neuroblastoma cells producing interleukin-2 or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. |
| 2196 | 9625805 | C1300 cells retrovirally transduced with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulation factor (GM-CSF) gene were established. |
| 2197 | 9625805 | The control mice developed tumors of the challenged wild-type cells, on the contrary, the mice which had received irradiated IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not. |
| 2198 | 9625805 | Thus, IL-2- or GM-CSF-expressing syngeneic tumor cells can be potentially used as a tumor vaccine by inducing protective immunity against low immunogenic neuroblastomas in the inoculated hosts. |
| 2199 | 9632584 | Mucosal delivery of murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 by recombinant strains of Lactococcus lactis coexpressing antigen and cytokine. |
| 2200 | 9632584 | To determine whether lactococci can also deliver cytokines to the immune system, we have constructed novel constitutive expression strains of L. lactis which accumulate a test antigen, tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC), within the cytoplasmic compartment and also secrete either murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 2201 | 9632584 | When mice were immunized intranasally with various different expression strains of L. lactis, the anti-TTFC antibody titers increased more rapidly and were substantially higher in mice immunized with the bacterial strains which secreted IL-2 or IL-6 in addition to their production of TTFC. |
| 2202 | 9632584 | This adjuvant effect was lost when the recombinant strains of L. lactis were killed by pretreatment with mitomycin C and could therefore be attributed to the secretion of IL-2 or IL-6 by the recombinant lactococci. |
| 2203 | 9632584 | Mucosal delivery of murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 by recombinant strains of Lactococcus lactis coexpressing antigen and cytokine. |
| 2204 | 9632584 | To determine whether lactococci can also deliver cytokines to the immune system, we have constructed novel constitutive expression strains of L. lactis which accumulate a test antigen, tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC), within the cytoplasmic compartment and also secrete either murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 2205 | 9632584 | When mice were immunized intranasally with various different expression strains of L. lactis, the anti-TTFC antibody titers increased more rapidly and were substantially higher in mice immunized with the bacterial strains which secreted IL-2 or IL-6 in addition to their production of TTFC. |
| 2206 | 9632584 | This adjuvant effect was lost when the recombinant strains of L. lactis were killed by pretreatment with mitomycin C and could therefore be attributed to the secretion of IL-2 or IL-6 by the recombinant lactococci. |
| 2207 | 9632584 | Mucosal delivery of murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 by recombinant strains of Lactococcus lactis coexpressing antigen and cytokine. |
| 2208 | 9632584 | To determine whether lactococci can also deliver cytokines to the immune system, we have constructed novel constitutive expression strains of L. lactis which accumulate a test antigen, tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC), within the cytoplasmic compartment and also secrete either murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 2209 | 9632584 | When mice were immunized intranasally with various different expression strains of L. lactis, the anti-TTFC antibody titers increased more rapidly and were substantially higher in mice immunized with the bacterial strains which secreted IL-2 or IL-6 in addition to their production of TTFC. |
| 2210 | 9632584 | This adjuvant effect was lost when the recombinant strains of L. lactis were killed by pretreatment with mitomycin C and could therefore be attributed to the secretion of IL-2 or IL-6 by the recombinant lactococci. |
| 2211 | 9632584 | Mucosal delivery of murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 by recombinant strains of Lactococcus lactis coexpressing antigen and cytokine. |
| 2212 | 9632584 | To determine whether lactococci can also deliver cytokines to the immune system, we have constructed novel constitutive expression strains of L. lactis which accumulate a test antigen, tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC), within the cytoplasmic compartment and also secrete either murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 2213 | 9632584 | When mice were immunized intranasally with various different expression strains of L. lactis, the anti-TTFC antibody titers increased more rapidly and were substantially higher in mice immunized with the bacterial strains which secreted IL-2 or IL-6 in addition to their production of TTFC. |
| 2214 | 9632584 | This adjuvant effect was lost when the recombinant strains of L. lactis were killed by pretreatment with mitomycin C and could therefore be attributed to the secretion of IL-2 or IL-6 by the recombinant lactococci. |
| 2215 | 9632590 | Immunization with P60 also induced significant levels of the cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma interferon in BALB/c mice. |
| 2216 | 9643372 | HIV viral load and type 1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and type 2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine production were evaluated before and 7, 14, and 28 days after vaccination. |
| 2217 | 9643372 | Because polysaccharides of the bacterial cell wall stimulate TNF-alpha production by monocyte-macrophages and TNF-alpha was shown to stimulate HIV replication directly on activation of NF-kappa b after binding the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences of HIV, we measured TNF-alpha production and observed a significant increase in both groups of vaccines. |
| 2218 | 9643387 | Th 1 type helper cells that produce type 1 class cytokines, such as interferon gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2), are known to be important in cellular immunity to Legionella as well as to other opportunistic intracellular bacteria. |
| 2219 | 9643387 | In contrast, Th 2 type helper cells, which secrete type 2 class cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, activate B lymphocytes to produce humoral antibodies important in resistance to extracellular bacteria which secrete toxins and extracellular factors as compared to intracellular bacteria such as Legionella. |
| 2220 | 9645616 | LAG-3 has been proposed as an alternate ligand for HLA class II due to some sequence homology and similarities in exon-intron organization with CD4. |
| 2221 | 9645616 | Unlike blockade of the CD28 receptor, however, LAG-3-Ig-mediated inhibition could not be reversed by exogenous IL-2 supplementation. |
| 2222 | 9645616 | Cytofluorimetric analysis of the phenotype of cells exposed to LAG-3-Ig in MLR cultures revealed a decrease in IL-2 receptor expression (CD25) on CD4+ cells in all donors tested. |
| 2223 | 9645616 | LAG-3 has been proposed as an alternate ligand for HLA class II due to some sequence homology and similarities in exon-intron organization with CD4. |
| 2224 | 9645616 | Unlike blockade of the CD28 receptor, however, LAG-3-Ig-mediated inhibition could not be reversed by exogenous IL-2 supplementation. |
| 2225 | 9645616 | Cytofluorimetric analysis of the phenotype of cells exposed to LAG-3-Ig in MLR cultures revealed a decrease in IL-2 receptor expression (CD25) on CD4+ cells in all donors tested. |
| 2226 | 9652756 | Immune stimulatory potential of B7.1 and B7.2 retrovirally transduced melanoma cells: suppression by interleukin 10. |
| 2227 | 9652756 | Proliferation was assessed by [3H]thymidine uptake. mRNA encoding for interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was determined. |
| 2228 | 9652756 | IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 secretion were quantitated by ELISA. |
| 2229 | 9652756 | B7.1+ and B7.2+ melanomas induced proliferation of PBMCs and mRNA for IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2230 | 9652756 | The presence of neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies resulted in enhanced proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 2231 | 9652756 | Our data indicate that B7.1- and B7.2-transduced melanoma cells trigger lymphocytic proliferation with transcription of IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2232 | 9652756 | Immune stimulatory potential of B7.1 and B7.2 retrovirally transduced melanoma cells: suppression by interleukin 10. |
| 2233 | 9652756 | Proliferation was assessed by [3H]thymidine uptake. mRNA encoding for interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was determined. |
| 2234 | 9652756 | IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 secretion were quantitated by ELISA. |
| 2235 | 9652756 | B7.1+ and B7.2+ melanomas induced proliferation of PBMCs and mRNA for IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2236 | 9652756 | The presence of neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies resulted in enhanced proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 2237 | 9652756 | Our data indicate that B7.1- and B7.2-transduced melanoma cells trigger lymphocytic proliferation with transcription of IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2238 | 9652756 | Immune stimulatory potential of B7.1 and B7.2 retrovirally transduced melanoma cells: suppression by interleukin 10. |
| 2239 | 9652756 | Proliferation was assessed by [3H]thymidine uptake. mRNA encoding for interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was determined. |
| 2240 | 9652756 | IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 secretion were quantitated by ELISA. |
| 2241 | 9652756 | B7.1+ and B7.2+ melanomas induced proliferation of PBMCs and mRNA for IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2242 | 9652756 | The presence of neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies resulted in enhanced proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 2243 | 9652756 | Our data indicate that B7.1- and B7.2-transduced melanoma cells trigger lymphocytic proliferation with transcription of IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2244 | 9652756 | Immune stimulatory potential of B7.1 and B7.2 retrovirally transduced melanoma cells: suppression by interleukin 10. |
| 2245 | 9652756 | Proliferation was assessed by [3H]thymidine uptake. mRNA encoding for interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was determined. |
| 2246 | 9652756 | IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 secretion were quantitated by ELISA. |
| 2247 | 9652756 | B7.1+ and B7.2+ melanomas induced proliferation of PBMCs and mRNA for IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2248 | 9652756 | The presence of neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies resulted in enhanced proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 2249 | 9652756 | Our data indicate that B7.1- and B7.2-transduced melanoma cells trigger lymphocytic proliferation with transcription of IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2250 | 9652756 | Immune stimulatory potential of B7.1 and B7.2 retrovirally transduced melanoma cells: suppression by interleukin 10. |
| 2251 | 9652756 | Proliferation was assessed by [3H]thymidine uptake. mRNA encoding for interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was determined. |
| 2252 | 9652756 | IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 secretion were quantitated by ELISA. |
| 2253 | 9652756 | B7.1+ and B7.2+ melanomas induced proliferation of PBMCs and mRNA for IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2254 | 9652756 | The presence of neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies resulted in enhanced proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 2255 | 9652756 | Our data indicate that B7.1- and B7.2-transduced melanoma cells trigger lymphocytic proliferation with transcription of IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2256 | 9656448 | For instance, at high doses IL-2 can induce autoimmune disease and interferon gamma can have a suppressive effect. |
| 2257 | 9656453 | In addition, the cytokine profiles support the T1rT2 differentiation with these immunizations, in that oxidized mannan antigen gives IFNg, IL-2 and IL-12 production, whereas in the absence of oxidization, IL-4 and not the other cytokines is produced. |
| 2258 | 9664134 | We also compared the immunogenic activity of vaccines made from B16 melanoma cells transfected with genes encoding murine IL-2 or GM-CSF, and effects on tumor bearing mice were compared with or without therapy using the corresponding lymphokines. |
| 2259 | 9670850 | However, they produced high levels of IL2, TNFalpha and IL10. |
| 2260 | 9670986 | Coculture with CD4+ T cells induced optimal gamma delta T cell expansion, although IL-2 alone could provide this helper function in the absence of CD4+ T cells. |
| 2261 | 9670986 | Gamma delta T cells were found to provide helper functions for mycobacterial specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well, demonstrating reciprocal stimulatory interactions between gamma delta T cells and other T cell subsets. |
| 2262 | 9673264 | The expression of mRNA of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assayed by reverse transcription-PCR. |
| 2263 | 9673264 | At least one of the antigens induced mRNA for IL-4 and/or IL-5 in the cells of 93% of tested vaccinees and patients, and FHA induced IFN-gamma mRNA in the cells of two-thirds of them. |
| 2264 | 9681248 | Cytokine gene-modified tumor cells for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination: IL-2, IFN-gamma, or combination IL-2 + IFN-gamma. |
| 2265 | 9681248 | Murine melanoma cells were engineered to express interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or both cytokines at various dose levels by means of the adenovirus-enhanced transferrinfection (AVET) method. |
| 2266 | 9681248 | In a prophylactic vaccination model, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma showed a dose-dependent protection against tumor cell challenge in two melanoma models. |
| 2267 | 9681248 | In the therapeutic vaccination model, where mice with measurable tumors were treated, immunization with IL-2 or IFN-gamma gene-modified cells led to complete tumor regression in 30% or 20% of the tumor-bearing animals respectively. |
| 2268 | 9681248 | The combination of IL-2 + IFN-gamma resulted in complete tumor regression in up to 50% of the tumor-bearing mice. |
| 2269 | 9681248 | Cytokine gene-modified tumor cells for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination: IL-2, IFN-gamma, or combination IL-2 + IFN-gamma. |
| 2270 | 9681248 | Murine melanoma cells were engineered to express interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or both cytokines at various dose levels by means of the adenovirus-enhanced transferrinfection (AVET) method. |
| 2271 | 9681248 | In a prophylactic vaccination model, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma showed a dose-dependent protection against tumor cell challenge in two melanoma models. |
| 2272 | 9681248 | In the therapeutic vaccination model, where mice with measurable tumors were treated, immunization with IL-2 or IFN-gamma gene-modified cells led to complete tumor regression in 30% or 20% of the tumor-bearing animals respectively. |
| 2273 | 9681248 | The combination of IL-2 + IFN-gamma resulted in complete tumor regression in up to 50% of the tumor-bearing mice. |
| 2274 | 9681248 | Cytokine gene-modified tumor cells for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination: IL-2, IFN-gamma, or combination IL-2 + IFN-gamma. |
| 2275 | 9681248 | Murine melanoma cells were engineered to express interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or both cytokines at various dose levels by means of the adenovirus-enhanced transferrinfection (AVET) method. |
| 2276 | 9681248 | In a prophylactic vaccination model, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma showed a dose-dependent protection against tumor cell challenge in two melanoma models. |
| 2277 | 9681248 | In the therapeutic vaccination model, where mice with measurable tumors were treated, immunization with IL-2 or IFN-gamma gene-modified cells led to complete tumor regression in 30% or 20% of the tumor-bearing animals respectively. |
| 2278 | 9681248 | The combination of IL-2 + IFN-gamma resulted in complete tumor regression in up to 50% of the tumor-bearing mice. |
| 2279 | 9681248 | Cytokine gene-modified tumor cells for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination: IL-2, IFN-gamma, or combination IL-2 + IFN-gamma. |
| 2280 | 9681248 | Murine melanoma cells were engineered to express interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or both cytokines at various dose levels by means of the adenovirus-enhanced transferrinfection (AVET) method. |
| 2281 | 9681248 | In a prophylactic vaccination model, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma showed a dose-dependent protection against tumor cell challenge in two melanoma models. |
| 2282 | 9681248 | In the therapeutic vaccination model, where mice with measurable tumors were treated, immunization with IL-2 or IFN-gamma gene-modified cells led to complete tumor regression in 30% or 20% of the tumor-bearing animals respectively. |
| 2283 | 9681248 | The combination of IL-2 + IFN-gamma resulted in complete tumor regression in up to 50% of the tumor-bearing mice. |
| 2284 | 9681248 | Cytokine gene-modified tumor cells for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination: IL-2, IFN-gamma, or combination IL-2 + IFN-gamma. |
| 2285 | 9681248 | Murine melanoma cells were engineered to express interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or both cytokines at various dose levels by means of the adenovirus-enhanced transferrinfection (AVET) method. |
| 2286 | 9681248 | In a prophylactic vaccination model, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma showed a dose-dependent protection against tumor cell challenge in two melanoma models. |
| 2287 | 9681248 | In the therapeutic vaccination model, where mice with measurable tumors were treated, immunization with IL-2 or IFN-gamma gene-modified cells led to complete tumor regression in 30% or 20% of the tumor-bearing animals respectively. |
| 2288 | 9681248 | The combination of IL-2 + IFN-gamma resulted in complete tumor regression in up to 50% of the tumor-bearing mice. |
| 2289 | 9682333 | Gp63-ISCOMs primed spleen cells restimulated in vitro with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) or live parasites displayed strong gp63-specific proliferative responses and secreted high levels of interleukin-2, interferon gamma and interleukin-10 but not interleukin-4. |
| 2290 | 9682357 | After oral immunization of BALB/c mice with two 1 x 10(9) colony forming unit doses given 21 days apart, CVD 908 omega (delta aroC::Ptac-gp63) elicited a broad T cell-mediated immune response against L. m. mexicana gp63 as demonstrated by: (1) lymphoproliferative response to fixed whole L. m. mexicana promastigotes; (2) activation of IL-2 (but not IL-4)-producing lymphocytes; (3) appearance of cytotoxic T cells against mouse mastocytoma cells expressing gp63. |
| 2291 | 9682365 | Ocular pre-exposure to DNA encoding the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10, but not IL-2 or interferon-gamma, modulated the severity of the immunoinflammatory response to subsequent corneal infection with HSV. |
| 2292 | 9682366 | Administration of human growth hormone at the time of gp120 immunization provokes a change in the cytokine production pattern, with lower IL-4 and higher gamma-IFN and IL-2 synthesis levels, indicating a preferential switch in stimulation from Th2 to Th1 cells. |
| 2293 | 9682391 | To evaluate vaccinia virus as a delivery system for recombinant antigen in cattle, calves were immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) expressing the sporozoite surface antigen (p67) of Theileria parva (V-67) combined with those expressing bovine IL-4 (V-IL4) or IL-2 (V-IL2). |
| 2294 | 9682391 | Vaccination with a recombinant virus expressing a chimaeric p67(p583)/IL2 product gave rise to a lower level of protection, whereas V-IL2 provided no immunity. |
| 2295 | 9682391 | To evaluate vaccinia virus as a delivery system for recombinant antigen in cattle, calves were immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) expressing the sporozoite surface antigen (p67) of Theileria parva (V-67) combined with those expressing bovine IL-4 (V-IL4) or IL-2 (V-IL2). |
| 2296 | 9682391 | Vaccination with a recombinant virus expressing a chimaeric p67(p583)/IL2 product gave rise to a lower level of protection, whereas V-IL2 provided no immunity. |
| 2297 | 9689679 | This phase corresponds to the early release of so-called inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8). |
| 2298 | 9689679 | The second phase consists of recognition of bacterial antigens by CD4 lymphocytes, which release mainly IL-2 and IFN-gamma(TH1 response). |
| 2299 | 9689679 | This cell activation leads to the third phase, which consists of amplification of cytotoxic-populations: CD8, gamma delta lymphocytes, macrophages, NK, LAK, BAK. |
| 2300 | 9694595 | The most common profile of urinary cytokines is interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma, suggesting the predominant involvement of the Th1 lymphocyte subpopulation. |
| 2301 | 9695135 | Ten weeks post-vaccination there were no differences between the experimental and control groups in serum levels of interleukin-1 beta, interferon-gamma, soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2r), and cortisol. |
| 2302 | 9697728 | B. pertussis antigen stimulation resulted in a preferential induction of type 1 cytokine profile, as shown by interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 (but no interleukin-4 or interleukin-5) gene transcripts and actual cytokine production by T cells. |
| 2303 | 9697988 | IL-2 therapy results in a significant increase in peripheral blood CD4+ lymphocyte count, but this increase is not associated with quantifiable improvements in lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens, recall or HIV antigens. |
| 2304 | 9699714 | The nature of the immune response depends on the route, method, and timing of DNA delivery and can also be influenced by co-delivery of plasmids encoding immunomodulating cytokines like IFN-alpha, IL-2, or IL-12 and costimulatory molecules like B7-1. |
| 2305 | 9711781 | Maturation of human neonatal CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes into Th1/Th2 effectors. |
| 2306 | 9711781 | The activation and maturation of neonatal CD4+ T cells is particularly dependent upon the strength of CD28-mediated cosignal which dictates not only the cytokine profile released upon primary activation but also the response to IL-12. |
| 2307 | 9711781 | Activation of adult as well as neonatal CD4+ T cells in the context of low CD28 costimulation yields to the production of low levels of only one cytokine, i.e. |
| 2308 | 9711781 | In contrast, strong CD28 costimulation supports the production of high levels of type 1 (IL-2, IFN gamma and TNF beta) and low levels of type 2 (IL-4 and IL-13) cytokines by neonatal T cells. |
| 2309 | 9711781 | The low levels of naive T cell-derived IL-4 are sufficient to support their development into high IL-4/IL-5 producers by an autocrine pathway. |
| 2310 | 9711781 | The ability of IL-12 to prime neonatal CD4+ T cells for increased production of IL-4 (in addition to IFN gamma) is observed only when CD28 cosignal is minimal. |
| 2311 | 9711781 | Unlike CD4+ T cells, neonatal CD8+ T cells strictly require exogenous IL-4 to develop into IL-4/IL-5 producers. |
| 2312 | 9711781 | Most importantly, anti-CD3/B7-activated neonatal CD8 T cells coexpress CD4 as well as CCR5 and CXCR4 and are susceptible to HIV-1 infection in vitro. |
| 2313 | 9712080 | Intradermal vCP-LAIgp160 injection induced an intradermal perivascular human lymphocytic infiltrate and an epidermic network of CD1a+, CD80+, and CD86+ cells. |
| 2314 | 9712080 | Cytokine gene expression in both human skin cells and in STLs showed a predominance of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-12 transcripts. |
| 2315 | 9712369 | The TIL cultures were initiated using OKT3 mAb in the presence of moderate concentrations (25-50 U/ml) of IL-2, followed by 100 U/ml of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. |
| 2316 | 9712369 | TAL were not stimulated with OKT3 mAb, but all were successfully expanded in culture in the presence of IL-2 alone or together with TNF-alpha. |
| 2317 | 9712369 | The TIL cultures were initiated using OKT3 mAb in the presence of moderate concentrations (25-50 U/ml) of IL-2, followed by 100 U/ml of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. |
| 2318 | 9712369 | TAL were not stimulated with OKT3 mAb, but all were successfully expanded in culture in the presence of IL-2 alone or together with TNF-alpha. |
| 2319 | 9720647 | Here we describe that aging is associated with the emergence of an unusual CD4 T cell subset characterized by the loss of CD28 expression. |
| 2320 | 9720647 | Despite the deficiency of CD28, these unusual T cells remain functionally active and produce high concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 2321 | 9720647 | The loss of CD28 expression is correlated with a lack of CD40 ligand expression rendering these CD4 T cells incapable of promoting B cell differentiation and immunoglobulin secretion. |
| 2322 | 9720647 | We propose that the emergence of CD28-deficient CD4 T cells in the elderly can partially explain age-specific aberrations in immune responsiveness. |
| 2323 | 9725227 | A plasmid encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases protection conferred by a malaria DNA vaccine. |
| 2324 | 9725227 | We now report that mixing a new plasmid PyCSP1012 with a plasmid encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increases protection against malaria, and we have characterized in detail the increased immune responses due to GM-CSF. |
| 2325 | 9725227 | GM-CSF plasmid increased Abs to PyCSP of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotypes, but not IgG3 or IgM. |
| 2326 | 9725227 | IFN-gamma responses of CD8+ T cells to the PyCSP 280-288 amino acid epitope increased but CTL activity did not change. |
| 2327 | 9725227 | The most dramatic changes after adding GM-CSF plasmid were increases in Ag-specific IL-2 production and CD4+ T cell proliferation. |
| 2328 | 9725227 | We hypothesize that GM-CSF may act on dendritic cells to enhance presentation of the PyCSP Ag, with enhanced IL-2 production and CD4+ T cell activation driving the increases in Abs and CD8+ T cell function. |
| 2329 | 9725227 | A plasmid encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases protection conferred by a malaria DNA vaccine. |
| 2330 | 9725227 | We now report that mixing a new plasmid PyCSP1012 with a plasmid encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increases protection against malaria, and we have characterized in detail the increased immune responses due to GM-CSF. |
| 2331 | 9725227 | GM-CSF plasmid increased Abs to PyCSP of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotypes, but not IgG3 or IgM. |
| 2332 | 9725227 | IFN-gamma responses of CD8+ T cells to the PyCSP 280-288 amino acid epitope increased but CTL activity did not change. |
| 2333 | 9725227 | The most dramatic changes after adding GM-CSF plasmid were increases in Ag-specific IL-2 production and CD4+ T cell proliferation. |
| 2334 | 9725227 | We hypothesize that GM-CSF may act on dendritic cells to enhance presentation of the PyCSP Ag, with enhanced IL-2 production and CD4+ T cell activation driving the increases in Abs and CD8+ T cell function. |
| 2335 | 9733821 | To modulate the antiviral immune response induced by live attenuated SIV vaccines, we had previously infected rhesus monkeys with a nef deletion mutant of SIV expressing interleukin 2 (SIV-IL2) (B. |
| 2336 | 9733821 | Since the SIV-MLV hybrid uses the MLV Env receptor Pit2 and not CD4 and a coreceptor for virus entry, chemokine inhibition and receptor interference phenomena were not involved in protection. |
| 2337 | 9733872 | To address these issues, we quantitated virus-specific CD4 Th1 (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma-interferon) and Th2 (IL-4) responses in mice acutely infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). |
| 2338 | 9759932 | Immune response to Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia induced by expression of CD80, interleukin 2, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 2339 | 9759932 | The immunostimulatory molecules chosen for this study were the cytokines IL-2 and GM-CSF and the costimulatory ligand CD80 (B7.1). |
| 2340 | 9759932 | BM185wt cells were transduced with retroviral vectors and the transduced clones expressing mIL-2, mGM-CSF, or mCD80 were used for challenge. |
| 2341 | 9759932 | Expression of CD80 caused leukemia rejection in 50% of the cohort, which was associated with the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-dependent development of anti-leukemia cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 2342 | 9759932 | Immune response to Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia induced by expression of CD80, interleukin 2, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 2343 | 9759932 | The immunostimulatory molecules chosen for this study were the cytokines IL-2 and GM-CSF and the costimulatory ligand CD80 (B7.1). |
| 2344 | 9759932 | BM185wt cells were transduced with retroviral vectors and the transduced clones expressing mIL-2, mGM-CSF, or mCD80 were used for challenge. |
| 2345 | 9759932 | Expression of CD80 caused leukemia rejection in 50% of the cohort, which was associated with the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-dependent development of anti-leukemia cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 2346 | 9759932 | Immune response to Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia induced by expression of CD80, interleukin 2, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 2347 | 9759932 | The immunostimulatory molecules chosen for this study were the cytokines IL-2 and GM-CSF and the costimulatory ligand CD80 (B7.1). |
| 2348 | 9759932 | BM185wt cells were transduced with retroviral vectors and the transduced clones expressing mIL-2, mGM-CSF, or mCD80 were used for challenge. |
| 2349 | 9759932 | Expression of CD80 caused leukemia rejection in 50% of the cohort, which was associated with the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-dependent development of anti-leukemia cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 2350 | 9767429 | Restimulated immune lymphoid cells showed enhanced production of both IL-2 and interferon-gamma and reduced secretion of IL-4. |
| 2351 | 9814600 | The detection of specific antibody became possible when antigen-selected B cells were cultured for 7 days in the CD40 system to induce clonal expansion, followed by the addition of IL-2 and IL-10 for an additional 7 days to induce plasma-cell differentiation. |
| 2352 | 9815634 | The clinical and immunological effects of a vaccine consisting of CTP37, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the COOH-terminal peptide (CTP) of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid, combined with CRL 1005, a novel synthetic nonionic block copolymer adjuvant, were examined. |
| 2353 | 9815634 | Responding PBMCs specifically secreted the TH1-associated cytokines IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 as well as the TH2-associated IL-5 and IL-10. |
| 2354 | 9815634 | Increased expression of IFN gamma and IL-5 mRNAs by PBMCs 4 h after immunization was also observed. |
| 2355 | 9815645 | We report here the serial phenotypic characterization of a CTL line directed against an immunodominant epitope (YLSGANLNL, designated CAP-1) of human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). |
| 2356 | 9815645 | This CTL line was derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with metastatic carcinoma who had been treated with a recombinant CEA-vaccinia vaccine in a Phase I trial; the CTLs were analyzed through 20 in vitro cycle passages of stimulation with CAP-1 peptide and interleukin 2 in the presence of autologous antigen-presenting cells. |
| 2357 | 9815645 | The CTL line was shown to be phenotypically stable in terms of high levels of cytokine (IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) production, expression of homing-adhesion molecules, ability to lyse peptide-pulsed targets, and ability to lyse human carcinoma cells endogenously expressing CEA in a MHC-restricted manner. |
| 2358 | 9815761 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; 100 microgram) and MART-1(27-35) peptide (128 microgram in DMSO) were formulated into p-GlcNAc. |
| 2359 | 9815761 | Peptide release was assayed in vitro using interleukin 2 production from previously characterized MART-1(27-35)-specific Jurkat T cells (JRT22). |
| 2360 | 9816091 | Transfections with the non-AAV plasmid containing the identical expression cassette as the AAV plasmid induced IL-2 expression in the tumor cell line but failed to produce IL-2 in primary tumor cells. |
| 2361 | 9816091 | Significant levels of IL-2 were induced with the AAV plasmid regardless of liposome compositions used for transfection. |
| 2362 | 9816091 | Transfections with the non-AAV plasmid containing the identical expression cassette as the AAV plasmid induced IL-2 expression in the tumor cell line but failed to produce IL-2 in primary tumor cells. |
| 2363 | 9816091 | Significant levels of IL-2 were induced with the AAV plasmid regardless of liposome compositions used for transfection. |
| 2364 | 9822287 | Blood-derived DC up-regulated MHC class II, CD54, CD80 and CD86 after exposure to WV vaccine, indicating their functional maturation, but were only moderately affected by subunit (SU) vaccines. |
| 2365 | 9822287 | The production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by PBMC was also strongly stimulated by WV, but much less by SU vaccines, among which the v-SU vaccine was a better stimulator of IL-2 secretion. |
| 2366 | 9824496 | Determination of cytokine co-expression in individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from influenza virus-immune mice. |
| 2367 | 9824496 | We have studied the patterns of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) co-expression displayed by individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to influenza virus immunization. |
| 2368 | 9824496 | The frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were determined by three-colour flow cytometric analysis of fixed and saponin-permeabilized cells fluorescent-stained for either CD4 or CD8 surface molecules and for one of the following combinations of two intracellular cytokines: IL-2/IL-4, IL-2/IFN-gamma and IL-4/IFN-gamma. |
| 2369 | 9824496 | The results showed that immunization with influenza virus induces in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells a heterogeneity of cytokine response patterns that do not follow the type 1/type 2 polarized response model, but with substantial differences between the two populations. |
| 2370 | 9824496 | IL-4/IL-2, IL-4/IFN-gamma and IL-2/IFN-gamma), whereas immune CD4+ T cells were seen to express almost exclusively a single cytokine per cell. |
| 2371 | 9824496 | The observed patterns of cytokine production suggest that influenza virus immunization induces the expression of a type 0 cytokine pattern at both population and single cell levels in CD8+ T cells and exclusively at the population level in CD4+ T cells. |
| 2372 | 9824496 | Determination of cytokine co-expression in individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from influenza virus-immune mice. |
| 2373 | 9824496 | We have studied the patterns of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) co-expression displayed by individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to influenza virus immunization. |
| 2374 | 9824496 | The frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were determined by three-colour flow cytometric analysis of fixed and saponin-permeabilized cells fluorescent-stained for either CD4 or CD8 surface molecules and for one of the following combinations of two intracellular cytokines: IL-2/IL-4, IL-2/IFN-gamma and IL-4/IFN-gamma. |
| 2375 | 9824496 | The results showed that immunization with influenza virus induces in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells a heterogeneity of cytokine response patterns that do not follow the type 1/type 2 polarized response model, but with substantial differences between the two populations. |
| 2376 | 9824496 | IL-4/IL-2, IL-4/IFN-gamma and IL-2/IFN-gamma), whereas immune CD4+ T cells were seen to express almost exclusively a single cytokine per cell. |
| 2377 | 9824496 | The observed patterns of cytokine production suggest that influenza virus immunization induces the expression of a type 0 cytokine pattern at both population and single cell levels in CD8+ T cells and exclusively at the population level in CD4+ T cells. |
| 2378 | 9824496 | Determination of cytokine co-expression in individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from influenza virus-immune mice. |
| 2379 | 9824496 | We have studied the patterns of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) co-expression displayed by individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to influenza virus immunization. |
| 2380 | 9824496 | The frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were determined by three-colour flow cytometric analysis of fixed and saponin-permeabilized cells fluorescent-stained for either CD4 or CD8 surface molecules and for one of the following combinations of two intracellular cytokines: IL-2/IL-4, IL-2/IFN-gamma and IL-4/IFN-gamma. |
| 2381 | 9824496 | The results showed that immunization with influenza virus induces in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells a heterogeneity of cytokine response patterns that do not follow the type 1/type 2 polarized response model, but with substantial differences between the two populations. |
| 2382 | 9824496 | IL-4/IL-2, IL-4/IFN-gamma and IL-2/IFN-gamma), whereas immune CD4+ T cells were seen to express almost exclusively a single cytokine per cell. |
| 2383 | 9824496 | The observed patterns of cytokine production suggest that influenza virus immunization induces the expression of a type 0 cytokine pattern at both population and single cell levels in CD8+ T cells and exclusively at the population level in CD4+ T cells. |
| 2384 | 9826461 | Combination of transforming growth factor beta antisense and interleukin-2 gene therapy in the murine ovarian teratoma model. |
| 2385 | 9826461 | The immunosuppressive protein transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits the activation of various immune effector cells including cytotoxic T lymphocytes and may therefore inhibit the efficacy of immunostimulatory interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene therapy. |
| 2386 | 9826461 | In this study, we investigated the effect of TGF-beta downregulation on IL-2 gene therapy in the intraperitoneal model of murine ovarian teratoma (MOT). |
| 2387 | 9826461 | Subcutaneous immunization of C3H mice with a mixture of IL-2 gene-transduced fibroblasts and TGF-beta antisense-modified MOT cells induced significantly better protection against a subsequent intraperitoneal tumor challenge compared with immunization with unmodified MOT cells alone [11/16 (69%) vs 4/21 (19%) tumor-free animals, P < 0.01]. |
| 2388 | 9826461 | Immunization with either a mixture of IL-2 gene modified fibroblasts and unmodified MOT cells [2/12 (17%) tumor-free animals] or TGF-beta antisense-modified MOT cells alone (0/13 tumor free animals) failed to induce significant protection compared with immunization with unmodified MOT cells. |
| 2389 | 9826461 | These data show that combined TGF-beta antisense and IL-2 gene therapy is required to generate effective antitumor responses in the MOT model. |
| 2390 | 9826461 | Combination of transforming growth factor beta antisense and interleukin-2 gene therapy in the murine ovarian teratoma model. |
| 2391 | 9826461 | The immunosuppressive protein transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits the activation of various immune effector cells including cytotoxic T lymphocytes and may therefore inhibit the efficacy of immunostimulatory interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene therapy. |
| 2392 | 9826461 | In this study, we investigated the effect of TGF-beta downregulation on IL-2 gene therapy in the intraperitoneal model of murine ovarian teratoma (MOT). |
| 2393 | 9826461 | Subcutaneous immunization of C3H mice with a mixture of IL-2 gene-transduced fibroblasts and TGF-beta antisense-modified MOT cells induced significantly better protection against a subsequent intraperitoneal tumor challenge compared with immunization with unmodified MOT cells alone [11/16 (69%) vs 4/21 (19%) tumor-free animals, P < 0.01]. |
| 2394 | 9826461 | Immunization with either a mixture of IL-2 gene modified fibroblasts and unmodified MOT cells [2/12 (17%) tumor-free animals] or TGF-beta antisense-modified MOT cells alone (0/13 tumor free animals) failed to induce significant protection compared with immunization with unmodified MOT cells. |
| 2395 | 9826461 | These data show that combined TGF-beta antisense and IL-2 gene therapy is required to generate effective antitumor responses in the MOT model. |
| 2396 | 9826461 | Combination of transforming growth factor beta antisense and interleukin-2 gene therapy in the murine ovarian teratoma model. |
| 2397 | 9826461 | The immunosuppressive protein transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits the activation of various immune effector cells including cytotoxic T lymphocytes and may therefore inhibit the efficacy of immunostimulatory interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene therapy. |
| 2398 | 9826461 | In this study, we investigated the effect of TGF-beta downregulation on IL-2 gene therapy in the intraperitoneal model of murine ovarian teratoma (MOT). |
| 2399 | 9826461 | Subcutaneous immunization of C3H mice with a mixture of IL-2 gene-transduced fibroblasts and TGF-beta antisense-modified MOT cells induced significantly better protection against a subsequent intraperitoneal tumor challenge compared with immunization with unmodified MOT cells alone [11/16 (69%) vs 4/21 (19%) tumor-free animals, P < 0.01]. |
| 2400 | 9826461 | Immunization with either a mixture of IL-2 gene modified fibroblasts and unmodified MOT cells [2/12 (17%) tumor-free animals] or TGF-beta antisense-modified MOT cells alone (0/13 tumor free animals) failed to induce significant protection compared with immunization with unmodified MOT cells. |
| 2401 | 9826461 | These data show that combined TGF-beta antisense and IL-2 gene therapy is required to generate effective antitumor responses in the MOT model. |
| 2402 | 9826461 | Combination of transforming growth factor beta antisense and interleukin-2 gene therapy in the murine ovarian teratoma model. |
| 2403 | 9826461 | The immunosuppressive protein transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits the activation of various immune effector cells including cytotoxic T lymphocytes and may therefore inhibit the efficacy of immunostimulatory interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene therapy. |
| 2404 | 9826461 | In this study, we investigated the effect of TGF-beta downregulation on IL-2 gene therapy in the intraperitoneal model of murine ovarian teratoma (MOT). |
| 2405 | 9826461 | Subcutaneous immunization of C3H mice with a mixture of IL-2 gene-transduced fibroblasts and TGF-beta antisense-modified MOT cells induced significantly better protection against a subsequent intraperitoneal tumor challenge compared with immunization with unmodified MOT cells alone [11/16 (69%) vs 4/21 (19%) tumor-free animals, P < 0.01]. |
| 2406 | 9826461 | Immunization with either a mixture of IL-2 gene modified fibroblasts and unmodified MOT cells [2/12 (17%) tumor-free animals] or TGF-beta antisense-modified MOT cells alone (0/13 tumor free animals) failed to induce significant protection compared with immunization with unmodified MOT cells. |
| 2407 | 9826461 | These data show that combined TGF-beta antisense and IL-2 gene therapy is required to generate effective antitumor responses in the MOT model. |
| 2408 | 9826461 | Combination of transforming growth factor beta antisense and interleukin-2 gene therapy in the murine ovarian teratoma model. |
| 2409 | 9826461 | The immunosuppressive protein transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits the activation of various immune effector cells including cytotoxic T lymphocytes and may therefore inhibit the efficacy of immunostimulatory interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene therapy. |
| 2410 | 9826461 | In this study, we investigated the effect of TGF-beta downregulation on IL-2 gene therapy in the intraperitoneal model of murine ovarian teratoma (MOT). |
| 2411 | 9826461 | Subcutaneous immunization of C3H mice with a mixture of IL-2 gene-transduced fibroblasts and TGF-beta antisense-modified MOT cells induced significantly better protection against a subsequent intraperitoneal tumor challenge compared with immunization with unmodified MOT cells alone [11/16 (69%) vs 4/21 (19%) tumor-free animals, P < 0.01]. |
| 2412 | 9826461 | Immunization with either a mixture of IL-2 gene modified fibroblasts and unmodified MOT cells [2/12 (17%) tumor-free animals] or TGF-beta antisense-modified MOT cells alone (0/13 tumor free animals) failed to induce significant protection compared with immunization with unmodified MOT cells. |
| 2413 | 9826461 | These data show that combined TGF-beta antisense and IL-2 gene therapy is required to generate effective antitumor responses in the MOT model. |
| 2414 | 9826461 | Combination of transforming growth factor beta antisense and interleukin-2 gene therapy in the murine ovarian teratoma model. |
| 2415 | 9826461 | The immunosuppressive protein transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits the activation of various immune effector cells including cytotoxic T lymphocytes and may therefore inhibit the efficacy of immunostimulatory interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene therapy. |
| 2416 | 9826461 | In this study, we investigated the effect of TGF-beta downregulation on IL-2 gene therapy in the intraperitoneal model of murine ovarian teratoma (MOT). |
| 2417 | 9826461 | Subcutaneous immunization of C3H mice with a mixture of IL-2 gene-transduced fibroblasts and TGF-beta antisense-modified MOT cells induced significantly better protection against a subsequent intraperitoneal tumor challenge compared with immunization with unmodified MOT cells alone [11/16 (69%) vs 4/21 (19%) tumor-free animals, P < 0.01]. |
| 2418 | 9826461 | Immunization with either a mixture of IL-2 gene modified fibroblasts and unmodified MOT cells [2/12 (17%) tumor-free animals] or TGF-beta antisense-modified MOT cells alone (0/13 tumor free animals) failed to induce significant protection compared with immunization with unmodified MOT cells. |
| 2419 | 9826461 | These data show that combined TGF-beta antisense and IL-2 gene therapy is required to generate effective antitumor responses in the MOT model. |
| 2420 | 9829759 | However, delayed type hypersensitivity to CEA and CEA-specific interleukin-2 release were observed only in the i.m. group, suggesting a qualitative difference in the character of the immune response elicited by the two techniques of DNA immunization. |
| 2421 | 9834076 | Female rhesus macaques were nasally immunized with p55gag (p55) of SIV and cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 2422 | 9834076 | Furthermore, high numbers of p55-specific IgA and IgG Ab-forming cells were induced in mucosal effector sites, i.e., uterine cervix, intestinal lamina propria, and nasal passage. p55-specific CD4+ T cells in both systemic and mucosal compartments expressed IFN-gamma and IL-2 (Th1-type)- as well as IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 (Th2-type)-specific mRNA. |
| 2423 | 9834076 | These results show that nasal immunization with SIV p55 with cholera toxin elicits both Th1- and selective Th2-type cytokine responses associated with the induction of SIV-specific mucosal and serum Abs, and CTL activity. |
| 2424 | 9842896 | Enhancement of protective humoral (Th2) and cell-mediated (Th1) immune responses against herpes simplex virus-2 through co-delivery of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression cassettes. |
| 2425 | 9842896 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) could in theory attract antigen-presenting cells in muscle following intramuscular DNA immunization, resulting in enhanced antigen-specific immune responses. |
| 2426 | 9842896 | GM-CSF cDNA co-injection enhanced levels of specific IgG, IgE and IgA against HSV-2 gD protein significantly higher than gD plasmid vaccination alone. |
| 2427 | 9842896 | T helper cell proliferation and secretion of cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were significantly increased by GM-CSF cDNA co-injection. |
| 2428 | 9847356 | To investigate whether the Th1- or Th2-type immune responses are more important for protection from HSV-2 infection, we codelivered the DNA expression construct encoding the HSV-2 gD protein with the gene plasmids encoding the Th1-type (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18) and Th2-type (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines in an effort to drive immunity induced by vaccination. |
| 2429 | 9858908 | Using immunohistochemical analysis we demonstrated that after treating with lethally irradiated MBT-2 tumor cells (IRMBT-2) + IL-2 cells of CD4+, CD8+, CD44+ and CD11b+ phenotypes prominently infiltrate the subcutaneous local injection sites. |
| 2430 | 9858908 | In contrast, only scanty immune responding cells could be seen locally if treated with IRMBT-2 + IFN-alpha 2b, albeit in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 2431 | 9858908 | However, the spleens of D17TBM treated with IRMBT-2 + IFN-alpha 2b contained the highest percentage of CD44+ memory T cells and cells of the CD11b+ phenotype; moreover, their natural killer (NK), lymphokine activated killer (LAK) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activities were significantly augmented. |
| 2432 | 9858908 | Using immunohistochemical analysis we demonstrated that after treating with lethally irradiated MBT-2 tumor cells (IRMBT-2) + IL-2 cells of CD4+, CD8+, CD44+ and CD11b+ phenotypes prominently infiltrate the subcutaneous local injection sites. |
| 2433 | 9858908 | In contrast, only scanty immune responding cells could be seen locally if treated with IRMBT-2 + IFN-alpha 2b, albeit in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 2434 | 9858908 | However, the spleens of D17TBM treated with IRMBT-2 + IFN-alpha 2b contained the highest percentage of CD44+ memory T cells and cells of the CD11b+ phenotype; moreover, their natural killer (NK), lymphokine activated killer (LAK) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activities were significantly augmented. |
| 2435 | 9862710 | Immunologic analysis of Ab isotype during infection and splenocyte IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 production following stimulation with Leishmania Ag or Con A indicates that there was a significant shift from a predominantly Th2-associated immune response in mice infected with wild-type L. mexicana to a Th1-associated response in mice inoculated with delta cpb or delta cpa/cpb. |
| 2436 | 9862872 | After in vitro stimulation with HBsAg, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of only 1 of 5 acute and 1 of 6 chronic HBV patients, but of all 6 vaccine recipients, secreted varying amounts of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), but no interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-5. |
| 2437 | 9862872 | Furthermore, the addition of IFN-gamma, but not of IL-2, -4, -12, or IFN-alpha, resulted in strong increases of anti-HBs-secreting B cells in vaccine recipients and chronic carriers. |
| 2438 | 9864210 | Previous studies demonstrated that cattle immunized with native protein that were subsequently protected against challenge had a strong IFN-gamma and weaker interleukin-4 (IL-4) response in immune lymph node lymphocytes that reflected the cytokine profile of the majority of CD4(+) T-cell clones obtained from peripheral blood. |
| 2439 | 9864210 | RAP-1-specific T helper (Th) cell clones that coexpress IFN-gamma and IL-4 are typical of numerous parasite-specific clones examined. |
| 2440 | 9864210 | The capacity to enhance IgG2 production was associated with production of IFN-gamma by Th cells cocultured with B cells, antigen, and IL-2. |
| 2441 | 9878011 | Immunohistochemical staining was used to enumerate cytokine-producing cells (monokines: interleukin [IL]-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha; lymphokines: interferon-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-beta) in tissues obtained at autopsy from subjects with HPS. |
| 2442 | 9916741 | Significant levels of highly Ag-specific Abs and Th1-type cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma could be detected following vaccination with each of the three genes. |
| 2443 | 9930305 | In this study we describe the generation and characterization of replication incompetent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vectors (HX86Z or HX86G) carrying distinct and independently regulated expression cassettes for five transgenes (hIL-2, hGM-CSF, hB7.1, HSV-tk and lacZ or hIFN gamma). |
| 2444 | 9930305 | Deletion of the immediate--early genes ICP4, ICP22 and ICP27 substantially reduced vector cytotoxicity, prevented early and late viral gene expression and left intact MHC class I antigen expression. |
| 2445 | 9933432 | Urine of patients showed increased levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) after BCG instillation. |
| 2446 | 9933432 | Levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the serum also increased after BCG instillation, but IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and M-CSF were not detectable. |
| 2447 | 9933432 | Maximal levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the urine or serum were shown after the fourth instillation. |
| 2448 | 9933432 | Urine of patients showed increased levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) after BCG instillation. |
| 2449 | 9933432 | Levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the serum also increased after BCG instillation, but IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and M-CSF were not detectable. |
| 2450 | 9933432 | Maximal levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the urine or serum were shown after the fourth instillation. |
| 2451 | 9933432 | Urine of patients showed increased levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) after BCG instillation. |
| 2452 | 9933432 | Levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the serum also increased after BCG instillation, but IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and M-CSF were not detectable. |
| 2453 | 9933432 | Maximal levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the urine or serum were shown after the fourth instillation. |
| 2454 | 9935185 | Anti-tumor activity of interleukin-2-producing tumor cells and recombinant interleukin 12 against mouse glioma cells located in the central nervous system. |
| 2455 | 9935185 | Although IL-12 itself activates strong anti-tumor activity, the combination of vaccine therapy with IL-2-transduced tumor cells and systemic rIL-12 has been shown to cure tumor-bearing mice more effectively than either rIL-12 or IL-2-transduced tumor vaccines alone. |
| 2456 | 9935185 | In the present study, regression of brain tumors established in naive mice was obtained by combined administration of an intratumoral injection of a single dose of IL-2-producing glioma cells (SR/IL-2 cells) and recombinant IL-12. |
| 2457 | 9935185 | Anti-tumor activity of interleukin-2-producing tumor cells and recombinant interleukin 12 against mouse glioma cells located in the central nervous system. |
| 2458 | 9935185 | Although IL-12 itself activates strong anti-tumor activity, the combination of vaccine therapy with IL-2-transduced tumor cells and systemic rIL-12 has been shown to cure tumor-bearing mice more effectively than either rIL-12 or IL-2-transduced tumor vaccines alone. |
| 2459 | 9935185 | In the present study, regression of brain tumors established in naive mice was obtained by combined administration of an intratumoral injection of a single dose of IL-2-producing glioma cells (SR/IL-2 cells) and recombinant IL-12. |
| 2460 | 9935185 | Anti-tumor activity of interleukin-2-producing tumor cells and recombinant interleukin 12 against mouse glioma cells located in the central nervous system. |
| 2461 | 9935185 | Although IL-12 itself activates strong anti-tumor activity, the combination of vaccine therapy with IL-2-transduced tumor cells and systemic rIL-12 has been shown to cure tumor-bearing mice more effectively than either rIL-12 or IL-2-transduced tumor vaccines alone. |
| 2462 | 9935185 | In the present study, regression of brain tumors established in naive mice was obtained by combined administration of an intratumoral injection of a single dose of IL-2-producing glioma cells (SR/IL-2 cells) and recombinant IL-12. |
| 2463 | 9973457 | Mucosally induced systemic T cell unresponsiveness to ovalbumin requires CD40 ligand-CD40 interactions. |
| 2464 | 9973457 | CD40 ligand (CD40L) gene-disrupted (CD40L-/-) mice were employed to examine the role of costimulatory signals via CD40L-CD40 interactions in mucosally induced tolerance. |
| 2465 | 9973457 | Further, cytokine analysis of splenic CD4+ T cells showed that both Th1-type (e.g., IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th2-type (e.g., IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10) responses were maintained in CD40L-/- mice orally immunized with OVA, whereas these cytokine responses in CD40L+/+ mice were significantly reduced. |
| 2466 | 9973457 | In addition, splenic CD4+ T cells from CD40L-/- mice orally immunized with OVA provided B cell help in Ag-specific Ab-forming cells when the cells were cultured with naive B cells in the presence of Ag and CD40L-transfected cell lines. |
| 2467 | 9973457 | In contrast, an identical culture condition containing splenic CD4+ T cells from orally tolerized CD40L+/+ mice did not exhibit helper activity. |
| 2468 | 9973457 | Taken together, these findings indicate that CD40L and CD40 interactions are essential for the induction of systemic T cell unresponsiveness to orally administered Ag. |
| 2469 | 9973465 | Lymphotactin (Lptn) is a C chemokine produced predominantly by NK and CD8-positive (CD8+) T cells including gammadelta TCR-positive (TCR+) intraepithelial lymphocytes. |
| 2470 | 9973465 | CD4-positive (CD4+) T cells isolated from mucosal compartments and spleens of mice intranasally immunized with OVA plus Lptn displayed higher OVA-specific proliferative responses and greater synthesis of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 than did CD4+ T cells from mice given OVA without Lptn. |
| 2471 | 10037196 | Here, we demonstrate that functional DCs can be generated from peripheral blood of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by culture of monocytes/macrophages (CD14+) in autologous serum containing medium (RPMI) in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin (IL) 4. |
| 2472 | 10037196 | A synergistic effect of DC-TuLy and IL-2 in stimulating a T cell-dependent immune response was demonstrated by: (a) the increase of growth expansion of TILs (9.4-14.3-fold; day 21); (b) the up-regulation of the CD3+ CD56- TcR+ (both CD4+ and CD8+) cell population; (c) the augmentation of T cell-restricted autologous tumor lysis; and (d) the enhancement of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-6 mRNA expression by TILs. |
| 2473 | 10048771 | To further engineer the immune response in vivo, we investigated the induction and regulation of immune responses from the codelivery of Thl cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2] and IL-12), Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) genes along with a DNA vaccine construct encoding for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag/pol proteins. |
| 2474 | 10048771 | We observed that coinjection with IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and GM-CSF resulted in increased levels of antigen-specific antibodies. |
| 2475 | 10048771 | We also observed that coadministration of IL-2, IL-12, and GM-CSF genes resulted in a dramatic enhancement of Th proliferation responses. |
| 2476 | 10048771 | To further engineer the immune response in vivo, we investigated the induction and regulation of immune responses from the codelivery of Thl cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2] and IL-12), Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) genes along with a DNA vaccine construct encoding for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag/pol proteins. |
| 2477 | 10048771 | We observed that coinjection with IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and GM-CSF resulted in increased levels of antigen-specific antibodies. |
| 2478 | 10048771 | We also observed that coadministration of IL-2, IL-12, and GM-CSF genes resulted in a dramatic enhancement of Th proliferation responses. |
| 2479 | 10048771 | To further engineer the immune response in vivo, we investigated the induction and regulation of immune responses from the codelivery of Thl cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2] and IL-12), Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) genes along with a DNA vaccine construct encoding for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag/pol proteins. |
| 2480 | 10048771 | We observed that coinjection with IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and GM-CSF resulted in increased levels of antigen-specific antibodies. |
| 2481 | 10048771 | We also observed that coadministration of IL-2, IL-12, and GM-CSF genes resulted in a dramatic enhancement of Th proliferation responses. |
| 2482 | 10051503 | On HBsAg stimulation, leukocyte samples from a significantly higher proportion of subjects produced cytokines (81% of T cells produced interleukin-2 [IL-2] and 100% produced IL-5). |
| 2483 | 10051503 | Cellular immunity was augmented with a positive rate of 58%, 90%, and 100% for HBsAg-induced T-cell proliferation, IL-2 production, and IL-5 production, respectively. |
| 2484 | 10051503 | On HBsAg stimulation, leukocyte samples from a significantly higher proportion of subjects produced cytokines (81% of T cells produced interleukin-2 [IL-2] and 100% produced IL-5). |
| 2485 | 10051503 | Cellular immunity was augmented with a positive rate of 58%, 90%, and 100% for HBsAg-induced T-cell proliferation, IL-2 production, and IL-5 production, respectively. |
| 2486 | 10051630 | IL-2 could augment the efficacy of tumor lysate-pulsed DC to induce protective immunity to lethal tumor challenge as well as enhance splenic cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and interferon-gamma production in these treated mice. |
| 2487 | 10067692 | Restimulated immune lymphoid cells from mice which received both agents showed enhanced production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and reduced secretion of IL-4. |
| 2488 | 10067692 | However, administration of DNA vaccine with IL-15 and IL-2 or IL-12 expression plasmids did not alter the effect of IL-15 expression plasmid on the DNA vaccine. |
| 2489 | 10067692 | These results indicate that intranasal administration of DNA vaccine and IL-15 expression plasmid is capable of enhancing the T helper type 1 (Th1) dependent HIV-1-specific cell-mediated immunity, and that the IL-15 and IL-2 or IL-12 expression plasmids may not have a synergistic effect on the immune response induced by DNA vaccine in vivo. |
| 2490 | 10067692 | Restimulated immune lymphoid cells from mice which received both agents showed enhanced production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and reduced secretion of IL-4. |
| 2491 | 10067692 | However, administration of DNA vaccine with IL-15 and IL-2 or IL-12 expression plasmids did not alter the effect of IL-15 expression plasmid on the DNA vaccine. |
| 2492 | 10067692 | These results indicate that intranasal administration of DNA vaccine and IL-15 expression plasmid is capable of enhancing the T helper type 1 (Th1) dependent HIV-1-specific cell-mediated immunity, and that the IL-15 and IL-2 or IL-12 expression plasmids may not have a synergistic effect on the immune response induced by DNA vaccine in vivo. |
| 2493 | 10068569 | Soluble CD8 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels were also elevated in children with DHF compared with those with DF. |
| 2494 | 10072509 | IL-4 plays a clear role as an inhibitor of CD4+ Th1 cells; however, its role in CD8+ T cell regulation appears to be more complex. |
| 2495 | 10072509 | Thus, IL-4 may augment CD8+ T cell growth, but also limit effector function. |
| 2496 | 10072509 | This report investigates these disparate roles of IL-4 in CD8+ T lymphocyte regulation by comparing T cell responses specific for a single HIV-IIIIB gp120-derived epitope in BALB/c mice deficient in IL-4 to those in wild-type controls. |
| 2497 | 10072509 | Secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells from IL-4-deficient mice was also elevated, reflecting their enhanced activation. |
| 2498 | 10072509 | Thus, IL-4 appears to limit the activation, expansion, and differentiation of CD8+ T cells with high cytolytic potential. |
| 2499 | 10072541 | IL-12 gene as a DNA vaccine adjuvant in a herpes mouse model: IL-12 enhances Th1-type CD4+ T cell-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus-2 challenge. |
| 2500 | 10072541 | In contrast, Th cell proliferative responses and secretion of cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and chemokines (RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha) were significantly increased by IL-12 coinjection. |
| 2501 | 10072541 | However, the production of cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and chemokine (MCP-1) was inhibited by IL-12 coinjection. |
| 2502 | 10072541 | Thus, IL-12 cDNA as a DNA vaccine adjuvant drives Ag-specific Th1 type CD4+ T cell responses that result in reduced HSV-2-derived morbidity as well as mortality. |
| 2503 | 10072562 | Despite normal proliferation and IL-2 secretion, IL-12 and IFN-gamma secretion in vitro in response to the vaccine was reduced compared with healthy volunteers. |
| 2504 | 10072562 | Finally, experiments in HBV transgenic mice indicated that the nonnatural Pan DR HTL epitope, PADRE, is capable of inducing high levels of IFN-gamma secretion and that its inclusion in a lipopeptide incorporating an immunodominant Ld-restricted CTL epitope resulted in breaking tolerance at the CTL level. |
| 2505 | 10073726 | In order to enhance the level of HIV-1 specific immunity, we have engineered HIV-1 DNA constructs which contained various cytokine genes such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 2506 | 10073726 | However, inoculations of HIV-1 DNA that contained the GM-CSF or the IL-2 gene significantly enhanced humoral and proliferative T cell responses, respectively. |
| 2507 | 10073726 | In order to enhance the level of HIV-1 specific immunity, we have engineered HIV-1 DNA constructs which contained various cytokine genes such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 2508 | 10073726 | However, inoculations of HIV-1 DNA that contained the GM-CSF or the IL-2 gene significantly enhanced humoral and proliferative T cell responses, respectively. |
| 2509 | 10074183 | Antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) T-helper (type 1-like) responses were detected in the DNA-immunized group, but only after the fourth immunization, and the rgp120/MF59 group generated both IFN-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) (type 2-like) responses that appeared after the third immunization. |
| 2510 | 10074183 | In contrast, rgp120/ISCOM-immunized animals rapidly developed marked IL-2, IFN-gamma (type 1-like), and IL-4 responses that peaked after the second immunization. |
| 2511 | 10077167 | Long-term survival and complete cures of B16 melanoma-carrying animals after therapy with tumor-targeted IL-2 and SEA. |
| 2512 | 10077167 | In contrast, the immune response after combination therapy was characterized by substantially augmented IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production and strong CTL activity. |
| 2513 | 10092787 | Proliferative responses and production of the Th1 cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, were reduced in T cells responsive to PLP139-151. |
| 2514 | 10092787 | In the brains of mice that were successfully vaccinated, mRNA for IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-gamma were reduced. |
| 2515 | 10092787 | DNA immunization with the myelin minigene for PLP-altered expression of B7.1 (CD80), and B7.2 (CD86) on APCs in the spleen. |
| 2516 | 10092787 | Proliferative responses and production of the Th1 cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, were reduced in T cells responsive to PLP139-151. |
| 2517 | 10092787 | In the brains of mice that were successfully vaccinated, mRNA for IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-gamma were reduced. |
| 2518 | 10092787 | DNA immunization with the myelin minigene for PLP-altered expression of B7.1 (CD80), and B7.2 (CD86) on APCs in the spleen. |
| 2519 | 10168565 | Side-effects and combination therapies with IL2, IL6 and gamma I/FN are discussed in this paper. |
| 2520 | 10189687 | Combinations of IL-2 with antiretroviral drug combinations can induce a significant increase of CD4-counts. |
| 2521 | 10191208 | The role of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 in herpes simplex virus type 1 ocular replication and eye disease. |
| 2522 | 10191208 | To assess the relative effect of interleukin (IL)-2- and IL-4-dependent immune responses on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection, naive, vaccinated, and mock-vaccinated IL-20/0 and IL-40/0 knockout mice were challenged ocularly with HSV-1. |
| 2523 | 10191208 | Recombinant (r) IL-2 treatment of the IL-20/0 mice significantly reduced ocular HSV-1 replications, but rIL-4 treatment of IL-40/0 mice significantly increased ocular HSV-1 replications. |
| 2524 | 10191208 | Th1 (IL-2) cytokine responses may help protect mice against ocular HSV-1 challenge and reduce ocular HSV-1 replication. |
| 2525 | 10191208 | The role of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 in herpes simplex virus type 1 ocular replication and eye disease. |
| 2526 | 10191208 | To assess the relative effect of interleukin (IL)-2- and IL-4-dependent immune responses on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection, naive, vaccinated, and mock-vaccinated IL-20/0 and IL-40/0 knockout mice were challenged ocularly with HSV-1. |
| 2527 | 10191208 | Recombinant (r) IL-2 treatment of the IL-20/0 mice significantly reduced ocular HSV-1 replications, but rIL-4 treatment of IL-40/0 mice significantly increased ocular HSV-1 replications. |
| 2528 | 10191208 | Th1 (IL-2) cytokine responses may help protect mice against ocular HSV-1 challenge and reduce ocular HSV-1 replication. |
| 2529 | 10191208 | The role of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 in herpes simplex virus type 1 ocular replication and eye disease. |
| 2530 | 10191208 | To assess the relative effect of interleukin (IL)-2- and IL-4-dependent immune responses on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection, naive, vaccinated, and mock-vaccinated IL-20/0 and IL-40/0 knockout mice were challenged ocularly with HSV-1. |
| 2531 | 10191208 | Recombinant (r) IL-2 treatment of the IL-20/0 mice significantly reduced ocular HSV-1 replications, but rIL-4 treatment of IL-40/0 mice significantly increased ocular HSV-1 replications. |
| 2532 | 10191208 | Th1 (IL-2) cytokine responses may help protect mice against ocular HSV-1 challenge and reduce ocular HSV-1 replication. |
| 2533 | 10191208 | The role of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 in herpes simplex virus type 1 ocular replication and eye disease. |
| 2534 | 10191208 | To assess the relative effect of interleukin (IL)-2- and IL-4-dependent immune responses on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection, naive, vaccinated, and mock-vaccinated IL-20/0 and IL-40/0 knockout mice were challenged ocularly with HSV-1. |
| 2535 | 10191208 | Recombinant (r) IL-2 treatment of the IL-20/0 mice significantly reduced ocular HSV-1 replications, but rIL-4 treatment of IL-40/0 mice significantly increased ocular HSV-1 replications. |
| 2536 | 10191208 | Th1 (IL-2) cytokine responses may help protect mice against ocular HSV-1 challenge and reduce ocular HSV-1 replication. |
| 2537 | 10195636 | A novel influenza subunit vaccine composed of liposome-encapsulated haemagglutinin/neuraminidase and IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 2538 | 10195636 | Influenza A virus (Shangdong/9/93) haemagglutinin/neuraminidase (H3N2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were encapsulated, each separately or combined, in multilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. |
| 2539 | 10195636 | The following results were obtained: (1) The efficiency of encapsulation in liposomes was 95, 90 and 38% for HN, IL-2 and GM-CSF, respectively, and the liposomal preparations were highly stable as an aqueous dispersion for > 2 months at 4 degrees C. (2) Following immunization with 0.5 microg Lip-HN, there was an earlier, up to 50-fold stronger, and 3-5 times longer response than that obtained with nonliposomal HN. (3) Coimmunization with free cytokines further increased the response 2-20 times and the two cytokines had an additive effect. (4) Liposomal cytokines were 2-20 times more effective than the free cytokines and their stimulatory effect was more durable. (5) A 100% seroconversion (HI titer > or = 40) was achieved with only 10-25% of the routinely used antigen dose, by encapsulating either antigen or cytokine. (6) The level of protection following vaccination with the combined liposomal vaccines was 70-100% versus 0-25% in mice immunized with Al-HN alone, and no toxicity was observed. |
| 2540 | 10195636 | A novel influenza subunit vaccine composed of liposome-encapsulated haemagglutinin/neuraminidase and IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 2541 | 10195636 | Influenza A virus (Shangdong/9/93) haemagglutinin/neuraminidase (H3N2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were encapsulated, each separately or combined, in multilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. |
| 2542 | 10195636 | The following results were obtained: (1) The efficiency of encapsulation in liposomes was 95, 90 and 38% for HN, IL-2 and GM-CSF, respectively, and the liposomal preparations were highly stable as an aqueous dispersion for > 2 months at 4 degrees C. (2) Following immunization with 0.5 microg Lip-HN, there was an earlier, up to 50-fold stronger, and 3-5 times longer response than that obtained with nonliposomal HN. (3) Coimmunization with free cytokines further increased the response 2-20 times and the two cytokines had an additive effect. (4) Liposomal cytokines were 2-20 times more effective than the free cytokines and their stimulatory effect was more durable. (5) A 100% seroconversion (HI titer > or = 40) was achieved with only 10-25% of the routinely used antigen dose, by encapsulating either antigen or cytokine. (6) The level of protection following vaccination with the combined liposomal vaccines was 70-100% versus 0-25% in mice immunized with Al-HN alone, and no toxicity was observed. |
| 2543 | 10195636 | A novel influenza subunit vaccine composed of liposome-encapsulated haemagglutinin/neuraminidase and IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 2544 | 10195636 | Influenza A virus (Shangdong/9/93) haemagglutinin/neuraminidase (H3N2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were encapsulated, each separately or combined, in multilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. |
| 2545 | 10195636 | The following results were obtained: (1) The efficiency of encapsulation in liposomes was 95, 90 and 38% for HN, IL-2 and GM-CSF, respectively, and the liposomal preparations were highly stable as an aqueous dispersion for > 2 months at 4 degrees C. (2) Following immunization with 0.5 microg Lip-HN, there was an earlier, up to 50-fold stronger, and 3-5 times longer response than that obtained with nonliposomal HN. (3) Coimmunization with free cytokines further increased the response 2-20 times and the two cytokines had an additive effect. (4) Liposomal cytokines were 2-20 times more effective than the free cytokines and their stimulatory effect was more durable. (5) A 100% seroconversion (HI titer > or = 40) was achieved with only 10-25% of the routinely used antigen dose, by encapsulating either antigen or cytokine. (6) The level of protection following vaccination with the combined liposomal vaccines was 70-100% versus 0-25% in mice immunized with Al-HN alone, and no toxicity was observed. |
| 2546 | 10195637 | A novel influenza subunit vaccine composed of liposome-encapsulated haemagglutinin/neuraminidase and IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 2547 | 10195637 | This study was aimed at analyzing, in parallel, the humoral and cellular immune responses elicited in mice immunized with liposomal influenza A (Shangdong/9/93) subunit vaccines composed of haemagglutinin/neuraminidase (H3N2) and IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 2548 | 10195637 | The main findings were: (a) the combined liposomal vaccines consisting of encapsulated antigen and encapsulated cytokine, but not the free antigen, elicited a high titer of serum IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3 and IgM antibodies; (b) the combined liposomal vaccines were efficient following administration by the various routes, and induced a local (in lung) IgA response in i.n. vaccinated mice; (c) the liposomal vaccines triggered DTH and cytotoxic responses, as well as cytokine (mainly IL-4) production. |
| 2549 | 10195637 | A novel influenza subunit vaccine composed of liposome-encapsulated haemagglutinin/neuraminidase and IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 2550 | 10195637 | This study was aimed at analyzing, in parallel, the humoral and cellular immune responses elicited in mice immunized with liposomal influenza A (Shangdong/9/93) subunit vaccines composed of haemagglutinin/neuraminidase (H3N2) and IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 2551 | 10195637 | The main findings were: (a) the combined liposomal vaccines consisting of encapsulated antigen and encapsulated cytokine, but not the free antigen, elicited a high titer of serum IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3 and IgM antibodies; (b) the combined liposomal vaccines were efficient following administration by the various routes, and induced a local (in lung) IgA response in i.n. vaccinated mice; (c) the liposomal vaccines triggered DTH and cytotoxic responses, as well as cytokine (mainly IL-4) production. |
| 2552 | 10195756 | To explore other potential correlates of protection, we examined CD8+ T cell antiviral activity in macaques vaccinated with NYVAC-SIV, with or without added cytokine adjuvants, and in controls receiving only IL-12 or IL-12 plus IL-2. |
| 2553 | 10195772 | In response to two types of measles virus (MV) antigens, a vaccine strain CAM and a wild strain isolated in 1994, the expression of IL-2 receptor alpha (CD25)(+)CD45RO(+)CD4(+) T-lymphocytes (T-cell activation) was analyzed by flow cytometry. |
| 2554 | 10196326 | Coimmunizations of mice with plasmids encoding wild-type SHBs or the secreted mutant LHBs and IL-2 increased anti-HBs responses, helper T-cell proliferative activity and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte killing. |
| 2555 | 10196326 | By contrast, coimmunizations of plasmids encoding wild-type LHBs or nonsecreted mutant SHBs and IL-2 had no significant effects on immune responses. |
| 2556 | 10196326 | Coimmunizations of mice with plasmids encoding wild-type SHBs or the secreted mutant LHBs and IL-2 increased anti-HBs responses, helper T-cell proliferative activity and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte killing. |
| 2557 | 10196326 | By contrast, coimmunizations of plasmids encoding wild-type LHBs or nonsecreted mutant SHBs and IL-2 had no significant effects on immune responses. |
| 2558 | 10200133 | Expression of interleukin-2 receptor, CD25, on CD4 lymphocytes in response to varicella-zoster virus antigen among patients with malignancies immunized with live attenuated varicella vaccine. |
| 2559 | 10201894 | We show that CD4 T cells are readily activated and produce IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4, characteristics of an uncommitted phenotype. |
| 2560 | 10203054 | If Ag-specific IFN-gamma and/or IL-4 as well as lymphoproliferative (LP) responses were found with the lack of a detectable IL-2 response, then protection was not observed. |
| 2561 | 10205916 | The disseminated disease in DCL patients is resistant to chemotherapy, and is characterized by a Th2 cytokine pattern, with a an absence of IL-2 AND ifn-gamma production when the lymphocytes are specifically stimulated by leishmanial antigen. |
| 2562 | 10205916 | The epidermis of LCL lesions show ICAM-1 in patches and MHC uniformly expressed by keratinocytes. |
| 2563 | 10205916 | DCL lesions are characterized by low CD4/CD8 and memory/naive T cell ratios, low numbers of T gamma delta cells, and an apparent defect in the expression of LFA-1 directional receptors. |
| 2564 | 10205916 | MCL granulomas manifest high CD4/CD8 and memory/naive Tcel ratios, low numbers of T gamma delta, a high coefficients of cellular adhesion, with a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine pattern. |
| 2565 | 10205916 | LCL granulomas are characterized by a normal CD4/CD8 ratio, a high memory/naive cell ratio, numerous groups of T gamma delta, a high expression of directional receptors, and Th1/Th0 cytokine patterns. |
| 2566 | 10211787 | Using flow cytometric detection methods we observe alterations of the intracellular cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 at the single-cell level during the course of immunization. |
| 2567 | 10211787 | There was a strong increase of intracellular IFN-gamma and IL-2 characteristic for a Th1 cell type immune response after treatment with ACA125. |
| 2568 | 10211787 | Using flow cytometric detection methods we observe alterations of the intracellular cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 at the single-cell level during the course of immunization. |
| 2569 | 10211787 | There was a strong increase of intracellular IFN-gamma and IL-2 characteristic for a Th1 cell type immune response after treatment with ACA125. |
| 2570 | 10217606 | Expression of interleukin-2 receptor alpha and CD45RO antigen on T lymphocytes cultured with rubella virus antigen, compared with humoral immunity in rubella vaccinees. |
| 2571 | 10217606 | We studied the expression of interleukin-2 receptor alpha (CD25)+ CD45RO+ CD4+ T lymphocytes (T-cell activation) in response to the rubella virus (RV) antigen (Matsuura strain, Biken, Osaka, Japan) using three-color-staining flow cytometry. |
| 2572 | 10217606 | Expression of interleukin-2 receptor alpha and CD45RO antigen on T lymphocytes cultured with rubella virus antigen, compared with humoral immunity in rubella vaccinees. |
| 2573 | 10217606 | We studied the expression of interleukin-2 receptor alpha (CD25)+ CD45RO+ CD4+ T lymphocytes (T-cell activation) in response to the rubella virus (RV) antigen (Matsuura strain, Biken, Osaka, Japan) using three-color-staining flow cytometry. |
| 2574 | 10228044 | Addition of IL-2 or IL-7, but not IL-4 or IL-12, also restored proliferation of acute PBMC stimulated with anti-CD3. |
| 2575 | 10230872 | LI is characterized by CD4+ and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes reflecting latent cell-mediated immunity (CMI). |
| 2576 | 10230872 | CMI and humoral immune reactivity have been demonstrated to autologous tumor and a variety of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have been implicated including CEA, HER-2/neu, MAGE-1, p53, T/Tn and MUC-1. |
| 2577 | 10230872 | Animal models have employed drug therapy, cytokine transfection, vaccines with autologous tumor, cytokines like interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), TAA tumor vaccines, and immunotoxins with evidence of tumor regression by immunologic means. |
| 2578 | 10230872 | Positive results have been obtained with natural IFN and interleukins, particularly in combination strategies (but not with high dose recombinant IFN or IL-2), with autologous tumor vaccine (but not yet with transfected autologous tumor); with a mucin carbohydrate vaccine (Theratope) in a combination strategy (but not with mucin core antigen) and with several immunotoxins. |
| 2579 | 10230872 | LI is characterized by CD4+ and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes reflecting latent cell-mediated immunity (CMI). |
| 2580 | 10230872 | CMI and humoral immune reactivity have been demonstrated to autologous tumor and a variety of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have been implicated including CEA, HER-2/neu, MAGE-1, p53, T/Tn and MUC-1. |
| 2581 | 10230872 | Animal models have employed drug therapy, cytokine transfection, vaccines with autologous tumor, cytokines like interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), TAA tumor vaccines, and immunotoxins with evidence of tumor regression by immunologic means. |
| 2582 | 10230872 | Positive results have been obtained with natural IFN and interleukins, particularly in combination strategies (but not with high dose recombinant IFN or IL-2), with autologous tumor vaccine (but not yet with transfected autologous tumor); with a mucin carbohydrate vaccine (Theratope) in a combination strategy (but not with mucin core antigen) and with several immunotoxins. |
| 2583 | 10233683 | Further study to find the mechanism underlying this revealed that there was up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD86 antigens on DC and increased production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) by DC and of IL-2, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in DC/T-cell cultures when vaccine containing HBsAg was injected in HBV-Tg with potent DC function but not in HBV-Tg with poor DC function. |
| 2584 | 10233736 | While IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels did not differ significantly between the two groups, the level of IL-4 was found to be lower in the group given rBCG/IL-2. |
| 2585 | 10233736 | This resulted in a strong interferon-gamma:IL-4 ratio, suggesting a skewing of the immune response towards a Type 1 response. |
| 2586 | 10320624 | The analysis of T cell supernatants showed the specific secretion of both interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma by activated T cells. |
| 2587 | 10321955 | Interestingly, though gamma-interferon (gammaIfn) and IL-10 were both secreted in response to stimulation by NS3 antigen, IL-2 was not. |
| 2588 | 10321955 | Lack of IL-2 induction was confirmed by a failure to amplify IL-2 mRNA upon NS3 antigen stimulation, whereas IL-4, IL-15, and gammaIfn mRNA were seen as early as 24 h. |
| 2589 | 10321955 | The predominance of IL-4 and IL-10 and the lack of IL-2 suggests that in vitro responses to at least some HCV antigens are biased towards a Th2 phenotype, which may be conducive to viral persistence. |
| 2590 | 10321955 | Interestingly, though gamma-interferon (gammaIfn) and IL-10 were both secreted in response to stimulation by NS3 antigen, IL-2 was not. |
| 2591 | 10321955 | Lack of IL-2 induction was confirmed by a failure to amplify IL-2 mRNA upon NS3 antigen stimulation, whereas IL-4, IL-15, and gammaIfn mRNA were seen as early as 24 h. |
| 2592 | 10321955 | The predominance of IL-4 and IL-10 and the lack of IL-2 suggests that in vitro responses to at least some HCV antigens are biased towards a Th2 phenotype, which may be conducive to viral persistence. |
| 2593 | 10321955 | Interestingly, though gamma-interferon (gammaIfn) and IL-10 were both secreted in response to stimulation by NS3 antigen, IL-2 was not. |
| 2594 | 10321955 | Lack of IL-2 induction was confirmed by a failure to amplify IL-2 mRNA upon NS3 antigen stimulation, whereas IL-4, IL-15, and gammaIfn mRNA were seen as early as 24 h. |
| 2595 | 10321955 | The predominance of IL-4 and IL-10 and the lack of IL-2 suggests that in vitro responses to at least some HCV antigens are biased towards a Th2 phenotype, which may be conducive to viral persistence. |
| 2596 | 10333238 | Activation of T-lymphocyte subsets was measured by two-color flow cytometric analysis of T-cell phenotype and surface expression of CD25, the alpha-subunit of the high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor. |
| 2597 | 10333238 | Vaccinated animals, but not unvaccinated animals, had CD3+, CD4+, and gamma-delta T cells that significantly (p < 0.05) increased expression of CD25 when incubated with BHV1. |
| 2598 | 10333238 | CD8+ T cells from vaccinated animals did not consistently increase CD25 expression when incubated with inactivated BHV1. |
| 2599 | 10353870 | Cytokine analysis showed that interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 were induced by nasal immunization, suggesting that Th2- and Th1-type cells were generated. |
| 2600 | 10361150 | Subcutaneous vaccination of C57bl/6 mice with irradiated B16 melanoma cells supplemented with liposomal interleukin-2 (IL2) or murine interferon-gamma (mIFNgamma), resulted in systemic protection in 50% of the animals, against a subsequent tumor cell challenge in a dose dependent manner. |
| 2601 | 10381172 | Specific antibody responses, markers of CD4+ T cell activation (transferrin and interleukin 2 receptors), and viral burden were measured at weeks -2 (pre), 0, 1, 2, 6, and 12 after immunization. |
| 2602 | 10386864 | Human IL-2 or IL-15-induced CTLL proliferation was not blocked by rChIL-2 or polyclonal anti-rChIL-2 antibodies, indicating that chicken IL-2 cannot act as an antagonist of the mammalian IL-2 response. |
| 2603 | 10389910 | CTLs recognizing the HLA-A2.1-restricted, wild-type sequence p53 epitopes p53(149-157) and p53(264-272) were generated from CD8-enriched populations of nonadherent peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) obtained from healthy donors. |
| 2604 | 10389910 | The PBLs were restimulated in vitro with peptide-pulsed granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor- and interleukin (IL)-4-induced autologous dendritic cells in the presence of IL-6 and IL-12 and subsequently cultivated with IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-7. |
| 2605 | 10390149 | We previously demonstrated that immunotherapy of melanoma bearing mice with an irradiated melanoma vaccine (IMV) coupled with IL-2 or GM-CSF had beneficial effects against primary melanoma growth and against subsequent spontaneous metastasis. |
| 2606 | 10397734 | We have started a vaccination trial in multiple myeloma (MM) using Id-specific proteins conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as immunogens and low doses of subcutaneous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) as immunoadjuvants. |
| 2607 | 10400824 | When IL-12 was replaced by other cytokines acting on T cells or antigen-presenting cells, such as IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, GM-CSF or MCP-3, no significant enhancing effect was observed. |
| 2608 | 10404432 | We investigated the combination therapy of local radiation of lung metastasis and vaccination with autologous tumor cells that produced interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) using the mouse Renca pulmonary metastasis model. |
| 2609 | 10404432 | Wild-type Renca (W/Renca) were transfected with pEF-BOS vector incorporating cDNAs for IL-2, IFN-gamma, or GM-CSF to express these cytokines. |
| 2610 | 10404432 | W/Renca, IL-2-producing Renca (Renca/IL-2), and IFN-gamma-producing Renca (Renca/IFN-gamma) produced subcutaneous tumor at the injection site in eight of eight, one of eight, and two of eight mice, respectively. |
| 2611 | 10404432 | Renca/IFN-gamma produced subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors in all Balb/c nude mice, but Renca/IL-2 and Renca/GM-CSF did not. |
| 2612 | 10404432 | To test the elicitation of antitumor activity, Balb/c mice were injected intravenously with 1 x 10(5) W/Renca on day 0, vaccinated, s.c., with 1 x 10(6) cells each of 5,000 rad preirradiated Renca/IL-2, Renca/IFN-gamma, and Renca/GM-CSF or 3 x 10(6) cells of preirradiated W/Renca on days 1, 7, and 14, and radiated with 300 rad to both lungs on day 5. |
| 2613 | 10404432 | We investigated the combination therapy of local radiation of lung metastasis and vaccination with autologous tumor cells that produced interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) using the mouse Renca pulmonary metastasis model. |
| 2614 | 10404432 | Wild-type Renca (W/Renca) were transfected with pEF-BOS vector incorporating cDNAs for IL-2, IFN-gamma, or GM-CSF to express these cytokines. |
| 2615 | 10404432 | W/Renca, IL-2-producing Renca (Renca/IL-2), and IFN-gamma-producing Renca (Renca/IFN-gamma) produced subcutaneous tumor at the injection site in eight of eight, one of eight, and two of eight mice, respectively. |
| 2616 | 10404432 | Renca/IFN-gamma produced subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors in all Balb/c nude mice, but Renca/IL-2 and Renca/GM-CSF did not. |
| 2617 | 10404432 | To test the elicitation of antitumor activity, Balb/c mice were injected intravenously with 1 x 10(5) W/Renca on day 0, vaccinated, s.c., with 1 x 10(6) cells each of 5,000 rad preirradiated Renca/IL-2, Renca/IFN-gamma, and Renca/GM-CSF or 3 x 10(6) cells of preirradiated W/Renca on days 1, 7, and 14, and radiated with 300 rad to both lungs on day 5. |
| 2618 | 10404432 | We investigated the combination therapy of local radiation of lung metastasis and vaccination with autologous tumor cells that produced interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) using the mouse Renca pulmonary metastasis model. |
| 2619 | 10404432 | Wild-type Renca (W/Renca) were transfected with pEF-BOS vector incorporating cDNAs for IL-2, IFN-gamma, or GM-CSF to express these cytokines. |
| 2620 | 10404432 | W/Renca, IL-2-producing Renca (Renca/IL-2), and IFN-gamma-producing Renca (Renca/IFN-gamma) produced subcutaneous tumor at the injection site in eight of eight, one of eight, and two of eight mice, respectively. |
| 2621 | 10404432 | Renca/IFN-gamma produced subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors in all Balb/c nude mice, but Renca/IL-2 and Renca/GM-CSF did not. |
| 2622 | 10404432 | To test the elicitation of antitumor activity, Balb/c mice were injected intravenously with 1 x 10(5) W/Renca on day 0, vaccinated, s.c., with 1 x 10(6) cells each of 5,000 rad preirradiated Renca/IL-2, Renca/IFN-gamma, and Renca/GM-CSF or 3 x 10(6) cells of preirradiated W/Renca on days 1, 7, and 14, and radiated with 300 rad to both lungs on day 5. |
| 2623 | 10404432 | We investigated the combination therapy of local radiation of lung metastasis and vaccination with autologous tumor cells that produced interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) using the mouse Renca pulmonary metastasis model. |
| 2624 | 10404432 | Wild-type Renca (W/Renca) were transfected with pEF-BOS vector incorporating cDNAs for IL-2, IFN-gamma, or GM-CSF to express these cytokines. |
| 2625 | 10404432 | W/Renca, IL-2-producing Renca (Renca/IL-2), and IFN-gamma-producing Renca (Renca/IFN-gamma) produced subcutaneous tumor at the injection site in eight of eight, one of eight, and two of eight mice, respectively. |
| 2626 | 10404432 | Renca/IFN-gamma produced subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors in all Balb/c nude mice, but Renca/IL-2 and Renca/GM-CSF did not. |
| 2627 | 10404432 | To test the elicitation of antitumor activity, Balb/c mice were injected intravenously with 1 x 10(5) W/Renca on day 0, vaccinated, s.c., with 1 x 10(6) cells each of 5,000 rad preirradiated Renca/IL-2, Renca/IFN-gamma, and Renca/GM-CSF or 3 x 10(6) cells of preirradiated W/Renca on days 1, 7, and 14, and radiated with 300 rad to both lungs on day 5. |
| 2628 | 10404432 | We investigated the combination therapy of local radiation of lung metastasis and vaccination with autologous tumor cells that produced interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) using the mouse Renca pulmonary metastasis model. |
| 2629 | 10404432 | Wild-type Renca (W/Renca) were transfected with pEF-BOS vector incorporating cDNAs for IL-2, IFN-gamma, or GM-CSF to express these cytokines. |
| 2630 | 10404432 | W/Renca, IL-2-producing Renca (Renca/IL-2), and IFN-gamma-producing Renca (Renca/IFN-gamma) produced subcutaneous tumor at the injection site in eight of eight, one of eight, and two of eight mice, respectively. |
| 2631 | 10404432 | Renca/IFN-gamma produced subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors in all Balb/c nude mice, but Renca/IL-2 and Renca/GM-CSF did not. |
| 2632 | 10404432 | To test the elicitation of antitumor activity, Balb/c mice were injected intravenously with 1 x 10(5) W/Renca on day 0, vaccinated, s.c., with 1 x 10(6) cells each of 5,000 rad preirradiated Renca/IL-2, Renca/IFN-gamma, and Renca/GM-CSF or 3 x 10(6) cells of preirradiated W/Renca on days 1, 7, and 14, and radiated with 300 rad to both lungs on day 5. |
| 2633 | 10410657 | Including cytokines such as IL-2, IL-12, IFN, TNF or monoclonal antibodies, they have been widely used as biological response modifiers (BRM). |
| 2634 | 10411920 | Only vaccinated mice receiving the tumor-specific ch14.18-IL-2 fusion protein revealed a reactivation of CD8(+) T cells and subsequent MHC class I-restricted tumor target cell lysis in vitro. |
| 2635 | 10411920 | The sequential increase in the usage of TCR chains Vbeta11 and -13 in mouse CD8(+) T cells after vaccination and amplification with ch14.18-IL-2 suggests that the initial polyclonal CD8(+) T cell response is effectively boosted by targeted IL-2. |
| 2636 | 10411920 | Only vaccinated mice receiving the tumor-specific ch14.18-IL-2 fusion protein revealed a reactivation of CD8(+) T cells and subsequent MHC class I-restricted tumor target cell lysis in vitro. |
| 2637 | 10411920 | The sequential increase in the usage of TCR chains Vbeta11 and -13 in mouse CD8(+) T cells after vaccination and amplification with ch14.18-IL-2 suggests that the initial polyclonal CD8(+) T cell response is effectively boosted by targeted IL-2. |
| 2638 | 10413189 | Serum has been analyzed for IgE, specific titers to Rubella vaccine, sCD25 (the soluble form of the IL2 receptor), sCD27 (the soluble form of the lymphocyte specific member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family), and IL4 (the cytokine interleukin 4). |
| 2639 | 10413655 | Proliferative responses and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production were observed in splenocytes exposed to S. typhi antigens and Frag C. |
| 2640 | 10415005 | Cutting edge: CD40 ligand is a limiting factor in the humoral response to T cell-dependent antigens. |
| 2641 | 10415005 | CD40 ligand (CD40L) plays a crucial role in T cell-dependent B cell responses, but whether its abundance is a limiting factor in their development is unclear. |
| 2642 | 10415005 | This question was addressed in transgenic mice expressing the murine CD40L gene under the control of the IL-2-promoter (CD40Ltg+). |
| 2643 | 10415076 | The administration of GM-CSF or IL-12 also resulted in a decrease in circulating precursors compared with the administration of peptide alone, though not as great a decrease as that seen with IL-2. |
| 2644 | 10418905 | Cryostat sections of cornea were taken at different times after challenge and examined for infiltrating cells containing IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. |
| 2645 | 10418905 | By days 3-7, many cells containing IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but few cells containing IL-2, had infiltrated into the corneas of gG or mock vaccinated mice. |
| 2646 | 10418905 | At the same times, many cells containing IL-2, but few cells containing IL-4 or IFN-gamma, were seen in the corneas of gD vaccinated mice. |
| 2647 | 10418905 | In contrast, the corneas of mice vaccinated with gK contained large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. |
| 2648 | 10418905 | Our results suggest that: (1) corneas from gD vaccinated mice had no corneal disease and developed a response highly biased toward IL-2 responses; (2) corneas from gG or mock vaccinated eyes had significant corneal disease and developed a mostly IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine response; and (3) corneas from gK vaccinated mice had exacerbated corneal disease and developed strong IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses. |
| 2649 | 10418905 | Cryostat sections of cornea were taken at different times after challenge and examined for infiltrating cells containing IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. |
| 2650 | 10418905 | By days 3-7, many cells containing IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but few cells containing IL-2, had infiltrated into the corneas of gG or mock vaccinated mice. |
| 2651 | 10418905 | At the same times, many cells containing IL-2, but few cells containing IL-4 or IFN-gamma, were seen in the corneas of gD vaccinated mice. |
| 2652 | 10418905 | In contrast, the corneas of mice vaccinated with gK contained large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. |
| 2653 | 10418905 | Our results suggest that: (1) corneas from gD vaccinated mice had no corneal disease and developed a response highly biased toward IL-2 responses; (2) corneas from gG or mock vaccinated eyes had significant corneal disease and developed a mostly IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine response; and (3) corneas from gK vaccinated mice had exacerbated corneal disease and developed strong IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses. |
| 2654 | 10418905 | Cryostat sections of cornea were taken at different times after challenge and examined for infiltrating cells containing IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. |
| 2655 | 10418905 | By days 3-7, many cells containing IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but few cells containing IL-2, had infiltrated into the corneas of gG or mock vaccinated mice. |
| 2656 | 10418905 | At the same times, many cells containing IL-2, but few cells containing IL-4 or IFN-gamma, were seen in the corneas of gD vaccinated mice. |
| 2657 | 10418905 | In contrast, the corneas of mice vaccinated with gK contained large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. |
| 2658 | 10418905 | Our results suggest that: (1) corneas from gD vaccinated mice had no corneal disease and developed a response highly biased toward IL-2 responses; (2) corneas from gG or mock vaccinated eyes had significant corneal disease and developed a mostly IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine response; and (3) corneas from gK vaccinated mice had exacerbated corneal disease and developed strong IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses. |
| 2659 | 10418905 | Cryostat sections of cornea were taken at different times after challenge and examined for infiltrating cells containing IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. |
| 2660 | 10418905 | By days 3-7, many cells containing IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but few cells containing IL-2, had infiltrated into the corneas of gG or mock vaccinated mice. |
| 2661 | 10418905 | At the same times, many cells containing IL-2, but few cells containing IL-4 or IFN-gamma, were seen in the corneas of gD vaccinated mice. |
| 2662 | 10418905 | In contrast, the corneas of mice vaccinated with gK contained large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. |
| 2663 | 10418905 | Our results suggest that: (1) corneas from gD vaccinated mice had no corneal disease and developed a response highly biased toward IL-2 responses; (2) corneas from gG or mock vaccinated eyes had significant corneal disease and developed a mostly IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine response; and (3) corneas from gK vaccinated mice had exacerbated corneal disease and developed strong IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses. |
| 2664 | 10418905 | Cryostat sections of cornea were taken at different times after challenge and examined for infiltrating cells containing IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. |
| 2665 | 10418905 | By days 3-7, many cells containing IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but few cells containing IL-2, had infiltrated into the corneas of gG or mock vaccinated mice. |
| 2666 | 10418905 | At the same times, many cells containing IL-2, but few cells containing IL-4 or IFN-gamma, were seen in the corneas of gD vaccinated mice. |
| 2667 | 10418905 | In contrast, the corneas of mice vaccinated with gK contained large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. |
| 2668 | 10418905 | Our results suggest that: (1) corneas from gD vaccinated mice had no corneal disease and developed a response highly biased toward IL-2 responses; (2) corneas from gG or mock vaccinated eyes had significant corneal disease and developed a mostly IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine response; and (3) corneas from gK vaccinated mice had exacerbated corneal disease and developed strong IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses. |
| 2669 | 10419048 | Immunohistochemical analysis revealed cellular infiltrates (granulocytes, macrophages, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) at both the vaccine site and the tumor site, indicating that immune responses were similarly activated when tumor vaccine was inoculated in the brain, as at the subcutis. |
| 2670 | 10419048 | Additional studies demonstrated that the therapeutic effects of tumor vaccines on the large tumors or the long-existing tumors were enhanced by strategies such as increasing the dosage of tumor vaccines, using combined vaccines consisting of mGM-CSF and human interleukin-2, or combining tumor vaccine with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir treatment. |
| 2671 | 10419053 | DNA vaccination against the ovarian carcinoma-associated antigen folate receptor alpha (FRalpha) induces cytotoxic T lymphocyte and antibody responses in mice. |
| 2672 | 10419053 | Human folate receptor alpha (FRalpha) is a folate-binding protein that is selectively overexpressed in ovarian carcinoma and has been regarded as a suitable target antigen for immunotherapy purposes. |
| 2673 | 10419053 | Vaccination with the FRalpha and interleukin-2 cDNA mixture, which was performed after an intravenous injection of FRalpha-transduced cells, enhanced the mean survival time and reduced the number of lung metastases, thus suggesting that such vaccination is effective even against preexisting tumor cells. |
| 2674 | 10423959 | Diverse cytokines are known to play an important role in anti-TB cell-mediated immunity, including IL-2, IL-12, IL-18 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2675 | 10447773 | Although MSP119 alone could induce a small but detectable T-cell response, which included interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion, this response was significantly increased by the presence of IL-2. |
| 2676 | 10447773 | In addition, IL-4 was shown to synergize with IL-2 for the induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses. |
| 2677 | 10447773 | If interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-12, or neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody was present at the time of priming, the T-cell responses were abolished. |
| 2678 | 10447773 | Parasite-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) could be detected after secondary restimulation with MSP119, IL-10 and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody in cultures containing MSP119 primed T cells, autologous B cells, IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 2679 | 10447773 | Although MSP119 alone could induce a small but detectable T-cell response, which included interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion, this response was significantly increased by the presence of IL-2. |
| 2680 | 10447773 | In addition, IL-4 was shown to synergize with IL-2 for the induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses. |
| 2681 | 10447773 | If interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-12, or neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody was present at the time of priming, the T-cell responses were abolished. |
| 2682 | 10447773 | Parasite-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) could be detected after secondary restimulation with MSP119, IL-10 and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody in cultures containing MSP119 primed T cells, autologous B cells, IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 2683 | 10447773 | Although MSP119 alone could induce a small but detectable T-cell response, which included interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion, this response was significantly increased by the presence of IL-2. |
| 2684 | 10447773 | In addition, IL-4 was shown to synergize with IL-2 for the induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses. |
| 2685 | 10447773 | If interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-12, or neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody was present at the time of priming, the T-cell responses were abolished. |
| 2686 | 10447773 | Parasite-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) could be detected after secondary restimulation with MSP119, IL-10 and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody in cultures containing MSP119 primed T cells, autologous B cells, IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 2687 | 10447775 | The splenocytes of vaccinated mice compared with controls produced significantly higher amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (P<0. 01) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) (P<0.05) and lower amounts of IL-5 (P<0. 01). |
| 2688 | 10447932 | In order to investigate the role of B7-1 and B7-2, the human RCC cell line, MZ1257RC, which expresses normal levels of adhesion molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I surface antigens, was transfected with B7-1 and B7-2 expression vectors, respectively. |
| 2689 | 10447932 | In contrast, IL-2 only co-operatively increased T-cell activation in the presence of B7-2. |
| 2690 | 10451031 | Patients treated with repeated injections of a polyvalent melanoma vaccine (PMV), interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha2b), or interleukin-2 (IL-2) were followed during treatment duration. |
| 2691 | 10452973 | The silenced T cells were not a source of IL-10, and their anergic state was reversible by exposure to Ag in the presence of exogenous IL-2. |
| 2692 | 10456868 | Stimulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-primed lymph node cells from C57BL/6 mice with alpha antigen (also known as antigen 85B and MPT59) induced cell proliferation, production of interleukin 2 and gamma interferon, and expansion of Vbeta11(+) CD4(+) T cells in conjunction with antigen-presenting cells in an I-A(b)-restricted manner. |
| 2693 | 10456874 | Supernatants from rHag B-stimulated splenic lymphoid cell cultures from immunized rats contained high levels of gamma interferon, followed by interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and then IL-4. |
| 2694 | 10456906 | Immunization of mice with recombinant TolT generates a population of CD4(+) T lymphocytes that recognize T. cruzi-infected macrophages, resulting in the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which leads to NO production and a 50 to 60% reduction in parasite numbers compared to that seen with infected macrophages incubated with naive T cells. |
| 2695 | 10456906 | This population of T cells also produces both IFN-gamma and interleukin 2 (IL-2) but not IL-4 or IL-5 when incubated with spleen cells stimulated with TolT antigen, indicating that they are of the T-helper 1 type. |
| 2696 | 10459843 | This results in the synthesis of interleukin-10 (IL-10), which suppresses the formation of interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and IL-2, and of IL-6, which suppresses T-cell responses. |
| 2697 | 10460097 | Several immune amplifiers, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-12 (IL-12) have undergone pilot testing. |
| 2698 | 10464704 | Enhanced antitumor immune responses of IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine by combination with IL-1 and low dose cyclophosphamide. |
| 2699 | 10464704 | To enhance the antitumor immunity induced by IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine, we proposed a combined protocol to treat tumor-bearing mice using IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine in combination with IL-1 and low-dose Cyclophosphamide(Cy). |
| 2700 | 10464704 | The best therapeutic effect was achieved when the IL-2 gene-modified vaccine was combined with IL-1 and low-dose Cy. |
| 2701 | 10464704 | The cytotoxicity of the splenic CTL, NK, and the levels of IL-2, TNF secreted by splenocytes increased after tumor-bearing mice were treated with the IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 2702 | 10464704 | The above antitumor immune functions were augmented more significantly when IL-1, low-dose Cy were used in combination with IL-2 genemodified tumor vaccine. |
| 2703 | 10464704 | These results demonstrated that the IL-2 gene modified vaccine could exert more potent anti-metastases effects when it is combined with IL-1 or/and low-dose Cy by activating the specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses more effectively. |
| 2704 | 10464704 | Enhanced antitumor immune responses of IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine by combination with IL-1 and low dose cyclophosphamide. |
| 2705 | 10464704 | To enhance the antitumor immunity induced by IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine, we proposed a combined protocol to treat tumor-bearing mice using IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine in combination with IL-1 and low-dose Cyclophosphamide(Cy). |
| 2706 | 10464704 | The best therapeutic effect was achieved when the IL-2 gene-modified vaccine was combined with IL-1 and low-dose Cy. |
| 2707 | 10464704 | The cytotoxicity of the splenic CTL, NK, and the levels of IL-2, TNF secreted by splenocytes increased after tumor-bearing mice were treated with the IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 2708 | 10464704 | The above antitumor immune functions were augmented more significantly when IL-1, low-dose Cy were used in combination with IL-2 genemodified tumor vaccine. |
| 2709 | 10464704 | These results demonstrated that the IL-2 gene modified vaccine could exert more potent anti-metastases effects when it is combined with IL-1 or/and low-dose Cy by activating the specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses more effectively. |
| 2710 | 10464704 | Enhanced antitumor immune responses of IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine by combination with IL-1 and low dose cyclophosphamide. |
| 2711 | 10464704 | To enhance the antitumor immunity induced by IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine, we proposed a combined protocol to treat tumor-bearing mice using IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine in combination with IL-1 and low-dose Cyclophosphamide(Cy). |
| 2712 | 10464704 | The best therapeutic effect was achieved when the IL-2 gene-modified vaccine was combined with IL-1 and low-dose Cy. |
| 2713 | 10464704 | The cytotoxicity of the splenic CTL, NK, and the levels of IL-2, TNF secreted by splenocytes increased after tumor-bearing mice were treated with the IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 2714 | 10464704 | The above antitumor immune functions were augmented more significantly when IL-1, low-dose Cy were used in combination with IL-2 genemodified tumor vaccine. |
| 2715 | 10464704 | These results demonstrated that the IL-2 gene modified vaccine could exert more potent anti-metastases effects when it is combined with IL-1 or/and low-dose Cy by activating the specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses more effectively. |
| 2716 | 10464704 | Enhanced antitumor immune responses of IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine by combination with IL-1 and low dose cyclophosphamide. |
| 2717 | 10464704 | To enhance the antitumor immunity induced by IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine, we proposed a combined protocol to treat tumor-bearing mice using IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine in combination with IL-1 and low-dose Cyclophosphamide(Cy). |
| 2718 | 10464704 | The best therapeutic effect was achieved when the IL-2 gene-modified vaccine was combined with IL-1 and low-dose Cy. |
| 2719 | 10464704 | The cytotoxicity of the splenic CTL, NK, and the levels of IL-2, TNF secreted by splenocytes increased after tumor-bearing mice were treated with the IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 2720 | 10464704 | The above antitumor immune functions were augmented more significantly when IL-1, low-dose Cy were used in combination with IL-2 genemodified tumor vaccine. |
| 2721 | 10464704 | These results demonstrated that the IL-2 gene modified vaccine could exert more potent anti-metastases effects when it is combined with IL-1 or/and low-dose Cy by activating the specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses more effectively. |
| 2722 | 10464704 | Enhanced antitumor immune responses of IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine by combination with IL-1 and low dose cyclophosphamide. |
| 2723 | 10464704 | To enhance the antitumor immunity induced by IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine, we proposed a combined protocol to treat tumor-bearing mice using IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine in combination with IL-1 and low-dose Cyclophosphamide(Cy). |
| 2724 | 10464704 | The best therapeutic effect was achieved when the IL-2 gene-modified vaccine was combined with IL-1 and low-dose Cy. |
| 2725 | 10464704 | The cytotoxicity of the splenic CTL, NK, and the levels of IL-2, TNF secreted by splenocytes increased after tumor-bearing mice were treated with the IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 2726 | 10464704 | The above antitumor immune functions were augmented more significantly when IL-1, low-dose Cy were used in combination with IL-2 genemodified tumor vaccine. |
| 2727 | 10464704 | These results demonstrated that the IL-2 gene modified vaccine could exert more potent anti-metastases effects when it is combined with IL-1 or/and low-dose Cy by activating the specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses more effectively. |
| 2728 | 10464704 | Enhanced antitumor immune responses of IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine by combination with IL-1 and low dose cyclophosphamide. |
| 2729 | 10464704 | To enhance the antitumor immunity induced by IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine, we proposed a combined protocol to treat tumor-bearing mice using IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine in combination with IL-1 and low-dose Cyclophosphamide(Cy). |
| 2730 | 10464704 | The best therapeutic effect was achieved when the IL-2 gene-modified vaccine was combined with IL-1 and low-dose Cy. |
| 2731 | 10464704 | The cytotoxicity of the splenic CTL, NK, and the levels of IL-2, TNF secreted by splenocytes increased after tumor-bearing mice were treated with the IL-2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 2732 | 10464704 | The above antitumor immune functions were augmented more significantly when IL-1, low-dose Cy were used in combination with IL-2 genemodified tumor vaccine. |
| 2733 | 10464704 | These results demonstrated that the IL-2 gene modified vaccine could exert more potent anti-metastases effects when it is combined with IL-1 or/and low-dose Cy by activating the specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses more effectively. |
| 2734 | 10477587 | CD40-CD40 ligand costimulation is required for generating antiviral CD4 T cell responses but is dispensable for CD8 T cell responses. |
| 2735 | 10477587 | This study documents a striking dichotomy between CD4 and CD8 T cells in terms of their requirements for CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) costimulation. |
| 2736 | 10477587 | CD40L-deficient (-/-) mice made potent virus-specific CD8 T cell responses to dominant as well as subdominant epitopes following infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. |
| 2737 | 10477587 | There were 10-fold fewer virus-specific CD4 T cells in CD40L-/- mice compared with those in CD40L+/+ mice, and this inhibition was seen for both Th1 (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) responses. |
| 2738 | 10479117 | As the rash resolved production of IL-2, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and IL-5 mRNA increased. |
| 2739 | 10482188 | Autologous vaccines involving interleukin-2 (IL-2)- or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-transduced whole tumor cells showed great promise in animal models. |
| 2740 | 10482186 | The first is an effort to induce antitumor immunity by enriching the cytokine environment within the primary cancer by intraprostatic injection of Leukocyte Interleukin (Cel-Sci Corp, Vienna, VA), a mixture of natural cytokines that includes interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-2, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 2741 | 10482186 | When administered as an emulsion or in association with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)/cyclophosphamide or GM-CSF with or without IL-2/cyclophosphamide, immunologic tolerance is broken as evidenced by the generation of humoral and cellular immunity. |
| 2742 | 10482186 | The first is an effort to induce antitumor immunity by enriching the cytokine environment within the primary cancer by intraprostatic injection of Leukocyte Interleukin (Cel-Sci Corp, Vienna, VA), a mixture of natural cytokines that includes interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-2, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 2743 | 10482186 | When administered as an emulsion or in association with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)/cyclophosphamide or GM-CSF with or without IL-2/cyclophosphamide, immunologic tolerance is broken as evidenced by the generation of humoral and cellular immunity. |
| 2744 | 10486930 | We have studied a group of asymptotic cats which have been rectally infected with FIV for 1 year or longer and shown an increase in the number of lamina propria CD8+ cells and greater levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and gamma-IFN mRNA. |
| 2745 | 10496363 | Retinoblastoma binding protein 1 (RBP-1) is a 143-kDa nuclear phosphoprotein that promotes cell growth by inhibiting the product of retinoblastoma tumour suppressor gene (pRB). |
| 2746 | 10496363 | Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 41 normal donors were stimulated by these peptides in culture media containing 15 IU ml(-1) interleukin-2, 25 IU ml(-1) interleukin-7 and 500 IU ml(-1) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 2747 | 10498243 | Combination of CD80 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor coexpression by a leukemia cell vaccine: preclinical studies in a murine model recapitulating Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. |
| 2748 | 10498243 | We compared the efficacy of BM185 cell vaccine expressing CD80 alone or in combination with IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 2749 | 10498243 | Mice injected with viable BM185 leukemia cells modified to express CD80 and GM-CSF (BM185/CD80+GM-CSF) showed the highest leukemia rejection rates. |
| 2750 | 10498243 | Cell vaccines consisting of irradiated BM185/CD80+GM-CSF cells administered subcutaneously stimulated a potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against parental BM185. |
| 2751 | 10498243 | Administration of the BM185/CD80+GM-CSF cell vaccine before intravenous challenge with parental cells caused strong inhibition of leukemia development. |
| 2752 | 10498243 | The immunization efficacy of the BM185/CD80+ GM-CSF cell vaccine was directly correlated with the percentage of cells expressing the transgenes. |
| 2753 | 10498243 | In all, this preclinical study shows that leukemia cell vaccines coexpressing CD80 and GM-CSF can potentially be explored for immunotherapy in Ph+ ALL patients. |
| 2754 | 10499601 | No evidence of CEA-specific lymphoproliferation, interleukin 2 release, delayed-type hypersensitivity, or antibody response was observed. |
| 2755 | 10505849 | Induced immunity by expression of interleukin-2 or GM-CSF gene in murine neuroblastoma cells can generate antitumor response to established tumors. |
| 2756 | 10505849 | For that purpose, we transduced low immunogenic C1300 cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2), GM-CSF, or IL-4 genes. |
| 2757 | 10505849 | A loss of tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice was observed using IL-2- and GM-CSF- but not IL-4-producing C1300 cells, although their in vitro growth rates were not affected by the transduction. |
| 2758 | 10505849 | The syngeneic mice that had rejected IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not develop tumors of wt cells inoculated subsequently, but formed tumors of irrelevant syngeneic mammary tumor cells. |
| 2759 | 10505849 | Accordingly, the inoculation of IL-2 or GM-CSF producers into immunocompetent mice generated tumor-specific acquired immunity. |
| 2760 | 10505849 | The induced immunity using IL-2 or GM-CSF producers was also effective in eradicating established subcutaneous tumors of wt cells and in reducing the number of preexisting metastatic foci in the liver. |
| 2761 | 10505849 | These data suggest a potential application of IL-2- or GM-CSF-producing syngeneic tumor cells for the treatment of low immunogenic neuroblastomas. |
| 2762 | 10505849 | Induced immunity by expression of interleukin-2 or GM-CSF gene in murine neuroblastoma cells can generate antitumor response to established tumors. |
| 2763 | 10505849 | For that purpose, we transduced low immunogenic C1300 cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2), GM-CSF, or IL-4 genes. |
| 2764 | 10505849 | A loss of tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice was observed using IL-2- and GM-CSF- but not IL-4-producing C1300 cells, although their in vitro growth rates were not affected by the transduction. |
| 2765 | 10505849 | The syngeneic mice that had rejected IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not develop tumors of wt cells inoculated subsequently, but formed tumors of irrelevant syngeneic mammary tumor cells. |
| 2766 | 10505849 | Accordingly, the inoculation of IL-2 or GM-CSF producers into immunocompetent mice generated tumor-specific acquired immunity. |
| 2767 | 10505849 | The induced immunity using IL-2 or GM-CSF producers was also effective in eradicating established subcutaneous tumors of wt cells and in reducing the number of preexisting metastatic foci in the liver. |
| 2768 | 10505849 | These data suggest a potential application of IL-2- or GM-CSF-producing syngeneic tumor cells for the treatment of low immunogenic neuroblastomas. |
| 2769 | 10505849 | Induced immunity by expression of interleukin-2 or GM-CSF gene in murine neuroblastoma cells can generate antitumor response to established tumors. |
| 2770 | 10505849 | For that purpose, we transduced low immunogenic C1300 cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2), GM-CSF, or IL-4 genes. |
| 2771 | 10505849 | A loss of tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice was observed using IL-2- and GM-CSF- but not IL-4-producing C1300 cells, although their in vitro growth rates were not affected by the transduction. |
| 2772 | 10505849 | The syngeneic mice that had rejected IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not develop tumors of wt cells inoculated subsequently, but formed tumors of irrelevant syngeneic mammary tumor cells. |
| 2773 | 10505849 | Accordingly, the inoculation of IL-2 or GM-CSF producers into immunocompetent mice generated tumor-specific acquired immunity. |
| 2774 | 10505849 | The induced immunity using IL-2 or GM-CSF producers was also effective in eradicating established subcutaneous tumors of wt cells and in reducing the number of preexisting metastatic foci in the liver. |
| 2775 | 10505849 | These data suggest a potential application of IL-2- or GM-CSF-producing syngeneic tumor cells for the treatment of low immunogenic neuroblastomas. |
| 2776 | 10505849 | Induced immunity by expression of interleukin-2 or GM-CSF gene in murine neuroblastoma cells can generate antitumor response to established tumors. |
| 2777 | 10505849 | For that purpose, we transduced low immunogenic C1300 cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2), GM-CSF, or IL-4 genes. |
| 2778 | 10505849 | A loss of tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice was observed using IL-2- and GM-CSF- but not IL-4-producing C1300 cells, although their in vitro growth rates were not affected by the transduction. |
| 2779 | 10505849 | The syngeneic mice that had rejected IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not develop tumors of wt cells inoculated subsequently, but formed tumors of irrelevant syngeneic mammary tumor cells. |
| 2780 | 10505849 | Accordingly, the inoculation of IL-2 or GM-CSF producers into immunocompetent mice generated tumor-specific acquired immunity. |
| 2781 | 10505849 | The induced immunity using IL-2 or GM-CSF producers was also effective in eradicating established subcutaneous tumors of wt cells and in reducing the number of preexisting metastatic foci in the liver. |
| 2782 | 10505849 | These data suggest a potential application of IL-2- or GM-CSF-producing syngeneic tumor cells for the treatment of low immunogenic neuroblastomas. |
| 2783 | 10505849 | Induced immunity by expression of interleukin-2 or GM-CSF gene in murine neuroblastoma cells can generate antitumor response to established tumors. |
| 2784 | 10505849 | For that purpose, we transduced low immunogenic C1300 cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2), GM-CSF, or IL-4 genes. |
| 2785 | 10505849 | A loss of tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice was observed using IL-2- and GM-CSF- but not IL-4-producing C1300 cells, although their in vitro growth rates were not affected by the transduction. |
| 2786 | 10505849 | The syngeneic mice that had rejected IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not develop tumors of wt cells inoculated subsequently, but formed tumors of irrelevant syngeneic mammary tumor cells. |
| 2787 | 10505849 | Accordingly, the inoculation of IL-2 or GM-CSF producers into immunocompetent mice generated tumor-specific acquired immunity. |
| 2788 | 10505849 | The induced immunity using IL-2 or GM-CSF producers was also effective in eradicating established subcutaneous tumors of wt cells and in reducing the number of preexisting metastatic foci in the liver. |
| 2789 | 10505849 | These data suggest a potential application of IL-2- or GM-CSF-producing syngeneic tumor cells for the treatment of low immunogenic neuroblastomas. |
| 2790 | 10505849 | Induced immunity by expression of interleukin-2 or GM-CSF gene in murine neuroblastoma cells can generate antitumor response to established tumors. |
| 2791 | 10505849 | For that purpose, we transduced low immunogenic C1300 cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2), GM-CSF, or IL-4 genes. |
| 2792 | 10505849 | A loss of tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice was observed using IL-2- and GM-CSF- but not IL-4-producing C1300 cells, although their in vitro growth rates were not affected by the transduction. |
| 2793 | 10505849 | The syngeneic mice that had rejected IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not develop tumors of wt cells inoculated subsequently, but formed tumors of irrelevant syngeneic mammary tumor cells. |
| 2794 | 10505849 | Accordingly, the inoculation of IL-2 or GM-CSF producers into immunocompetent mice generated tumor-specific acquired immunity. |
| 2795 | 10505849 | The induced immunity using IL-2 or GM-CSF producers was also effective in eradicating established subcutaneous tumors of wt cells and in reducing the number of preexisting metastatic foci in the liver. |
| 2796 | 10505849 | These data suggest a potential application of IL-2- or GM-CSF-producing syngeneic tumor cells for the treatment of low immunogenic neuroblastomas. |
| 2797 | 10505849 | Induced immunity by expression of interleukin-2 or GM-CSF gene in murine neuroblastoma cells can generate antitumor response to established tumors. |
| 2798 | 10505849 | For that purpose, we transduced low immunogenic C1300 cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2), GM-CSF, or IL-4 genes. |
| 2799 | 10505849 | A loss of tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice was observed using IL-2- and GM-CSF- but not IL-4-producing C1300 cells, although their in vitro growth rates were not affected by the transduction. |
| 2800 | 10505849 | The syngeneic mice that had rejected IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not develop tumors of wt cells inoculated subsequently, but formed tumors of irrelevant syngeneic mammary tumor cells. |
| 2801 | 10505849 | Accordingly, the inoculation of IL-2 or GM-CSF producers into immunocompetent mice generated tumor-specific acquired immunity. |
| 2802 | 10505849 | The induced immunity using IL-2 or GM-CSF producers was also effective in eradicating established subcutaneous tumors of wt cells and in reducing the number of preexisting metastatic foci in the liver. |
| 2803 | 10505849 | These data suggest a potential application of IL-2- or GM-CSF-producing syngeneic tumor cells for the treatment of low immunogenic neuroblastomas. |
| 2804 | 10507362 | At the day of TGEV-challenge, the in vitro stimulation of mononuclear cells from the mesenteric lymph nodes of group 3 pigs with inactivated TGEV resulted in an increase in double positive (CD4+CD8+), natural killer (CD2+CD4-CD8+dim) and cytotoxic (CD2+CD4-CD8+bright) T-cell phenotypes, accompanied by increased expression of interleukin-2 receptor and a decrease of the null (CD2-CD4-CD8-/SW6+) cell phenotype. |
| 2805 | 10507367 | To evaluate cytokine effects, eukaryotic expression vectors were constructed for porcine GM-CSF, IL-2 and IFN-gamma. cDNA for each of these cytokines was inserted under the control of a CMV promoter in the pcDNA3 plasmid and cytokine expression was confirmed after DNA transfection in various mammalian cell cultures by bioassays (GM-CSF and IL2) and ELISA (IFN-gamma). |
| 2806 | 10507367 | In contrast, the co-administration of porcine IL-2 or IFN-gamma had no adjuvant effects. |
| 2807 | 10507367 | To evaluate cytokine effects, eukaryotic expression vectors were constructed for porcine GM-CSF, IL-2 and IFN-gamma. cDNA for each of these cytokines was inserted under the control of a CMV promoter in the pcDNA3 plasmid and cytokine expression was confirmed after DNA transfection in various mammalian cell cultures by bioassays (GM-CSF and IL2) and ELISA (IFN-gamma). |
| 2808 | 10507367 | In contrast, the co-administration of porcine IL-2 or IFN-gamma had no adjuvant effects. |
| 2809 | 10515123 | Initial rise of all splenic cytokines and serum anti-SEA IgE levels at 6 weeks p.i. was observed, followed by a dramatic drop in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-2, IFNgamma, IL-4 and TNF-alpha and IgE at 8 weeks of infection. |
| 2810 | 10525444 | Iscoms prominently enhance the antigen targeting, uptake, and activity of antigen presenting cells including dendritic and B cells and macrophages resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, above all interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-12. |
| 2811 | 10525444 | The expression of costimulatory molecules major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, B7.1 and B7.2, is also enhanced. |
| 2812 | 10525444 | Iscoms enhance the Th1 type of response with increased production of IL-2 and interferon gamma. |
| 2813 | 10525444 | IL-4, IL-2, and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) together with the beta chemokines MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta correlated with protection against challenge infection with a chimeric virus (simian immunodeficiency virus-human immunodeficiency virus). |
| 2814 | 10525444 | Iscoms prominently enhance the antigen targeting, uptake, and activity of antigen presenting cells including dendritic and B cells and macrophages resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, above all interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-12. |
| 2815 | 10525444 | The expression of costimulatory molecules major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, B7.1 and B7.2, is also enhanced. |
| 2816 | 10525444 | Iscoms enhance the Th1 type of response with increased production of IL-2 and interferon gamma. |
| 2817 | 10525444 | IL-4, IL-2, and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) together with the beta chemokines MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta correlated with protection against challenge infection with a chimeric virus (simian immunodeficiency virus-human immunodeficiency virus). |
| 2818 | 10531243 | Splenocytes from immunized animals released interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, and IL-10 when cultured with Brucella antigens. |
| 2819 | 10541436 | Furthermore, production of Th1-type cytokines (interleukin-2, interferon-gamma) was enhanced by DNA priming-protein boosting. |
| 2820 | 10551332 | Pretreatment of PBMCs as a source of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with interferon (IFN)-gamma, or to some extent with IFN-alpha, but not with any of the other cytokines tested, augmented the peptide-induced CTL activity in HLA-A24 heterozygotes, but not in HLA-A24 homozygotes. |
| 2821 | 10551332 | This IFN-gamma-mediated augmentation was inhibited by either interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10. |
| 2822 | 10551332 | This IL-2-mediated activation of CTLs was inhibited by the addition of IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10 to the IL-2 culture. |
| 2823 | 10551332 | For further expansion of the CTLs, dendritic cells (DCs) induced from PBMCs with IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were required as APCs. |
| 2824 | 10551332 | These results indicate that IFN-gamma and IL-2 are important in the activation of APCs and CTLs, respectively, while GM-CSF and IL-4 are needed for the induction of DCs, which in turn are required for further expansion of mature CTLs. |
| 2825 | 10551332 | Pretreatment of PBMCs as a source of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with interferon (IFN)-gamma, or to some extent with IFN-alpha, but not with any of the other cytokines tested, augmented the peptide-induced CTL activity in HLA-A24 heterozygotes, but not in HLA-A24 homozygotes. |
| 2826 | 10551332 | This IFN-gamma-mediated augmentation was inhibited by either interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10. |
| 2827 | 10551332 | This IL-2-mediated activation of CTLs was inhibited by the addition of IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10 to the IL-2 culture. |
| 2828 | 10551332 | For further expansion of the CTLs, dendritic cells (DCs) induced from PBMCs with IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were required as APCs. |
| 2829 | 10551332 | These results indicate that IFN-gamma and IL-2 are important in the activation of APCs and CTLs, respectively, while GM-CSF and IL-4 are needed for the induction of DCs, which in turn are required for further expansion of mature CTLs. |
| 2830 | 10570193 | To better understand the role that CD4(+) T helper responses may play in mediating protection in this model, we characterized SIV-specific proliferative and cytokine responses in macaques immunized with live attenuated SIV strains. |
| 2831 | 10570193 | SIV-specific stimulation of lymphocytes from vaccinated macaques resulted in secretion of interferon-gamma, IL-2, regulated-upon-activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 2832 | 10570193 | Intracellular flow cytometric analysis documented that, in macaques vaccinated with SIVmac239Deltanef, up to 2% of all CD4(+)T cells were specific for SIV p55. |
| 2833 | 10570751 | The RenCa mouse renal carcinoma and the B16 mouse melanoma were used as animal tumor models, with interleukin-2 (IL-2) as a cytokine and liposomes as a depot form. |
| 2834 | 10579123 | Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells produce interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-beta, which activate macrophages and are responsible for cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte-dependent protective responses. |
| 2835 | 10579123 | By contrast, type 2 Th (Th2) cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, which are responsible for strong antibody production, eosinophil activation, and inhibition of several macrophage functions, thus providing phagocyte-independent protective responses. |
| 2836 | 10593490 | Characterization of SIV-specific CD4+ T-helper proliferative responses in macaques immunized with live-attenuated SIV. |
| 2837 | 10593490 | SIV-specific proliferative responses were mediated by CD4+ T cells and were major histocompatibility (MHC) class II restricted. |
| 2838 | 10593490 | Intracellular flow-cytometric analysis demonstrated the production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, RANTES and macrophage inhibitory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) by T lymphocytes from SIVmac239deltanef-vaccinated animals following SIV p55 stimulation. |
| 2839 | 10594563 | Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2840 | 10594563 | We have analysed the effects of cocaine, administered to mice during the in vivo differentiation of effector T cells stimulated by antigen (influenza virus) recognition, on the frequency of IL-2-, IL-4- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2841 | 10594563 | The distribution of IL-2-, IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was assayed on unseparated PR8-immune spleen cells, obtained from mice treated with cocaine or vehicle, and restimulated in vitro with UV-inactivated PR8 virus. |
| 2842 | 10594563 | In parallel, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. |
| 2843 | 10594563 | The results showed that cocaine, administered during the in vivo virus-induced differentiation of T cells, caused an increase of both the frequencies of CD8+ T cells singly and co-expressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma and the levels of these cytokines in virus-restimulated spleen cell culture supernatants, compared with those of untreated controls. |
| 2844 | 10594563 | In contrast, no effect was found on IL-4-positive CD8+ T cells and on IL-2-, IFN-gamma- and IL-4-positive CD4+ T cells. |
| 2845 | 10594563 | Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of cocaine may be due to the up-regulation of the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells with a type 0 cytokine profile. |
| 2846 | 10594563 | Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2847 | 10594563 | We have analysed the effects of cocaine, administered to mice during the in vivo differentiation of effector T cells stimulated by antigen (influenza virus) recognition, on the frequency of IL-2-, IL-4- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2848 | 10594563 | The distribution of IL-2-, IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was assayed on unseparated PR8-immune spleen cells, obtained from mice treated with cocaine or vehicle, and restimulated in vitro with UV-inactivated PR8 virus. |
| 2849 | 10594563 | In parallel, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. |
| 2850 | 10594563 | The results showed that cocaine, administered during the in vivo virus-induced differentiation of T cells, caused an increase of both the frequencies of CD8+ T cells singly and co-expressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma and the levels of these cytokines in virus-restimulated spleen cell culture supernatants, compared with those of untreated controls. |
| 2851 | 10594563 | In contrast, no effect was found on IL-4-positive CD8+ T cells and on IL-2-, IFN-gamma- and IL-4-positive CD4+ T cells. |
| 2852 | 10594563 | Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of cocaine may be due to the up-regulation of the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells with a type 0 cytokine profile. |
| 2853 | 10594563 | Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2854 | 10594563 | We have analysed the effects of cocaine, administered to mice during the in vivo differentiation of effector T cells stimulated by antigen (influenza virus) recognition, on the frequency of IL-2-, IL-4- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2855 | 10594563 | The distribution of IL-2-, IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was assayed on unseparated PR8-immune spleen cells, obtained from mice treated with cocaine or vehicle, and restimulated in vitro with UV-inactivated PR8 virus. |
| 2856 | 10594563 | In parallel, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. |
| 2857 | 10594563 | The results showed that cocaine, administered during the in vivo virus-induced differentiation of T cells, caused an increase of both the frequencies of CD8+ T cells singly and co-expressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma and the levels of these cytokines in virus-restimulated spleen cell culture supernatants, compared with those of untreated controls. |
| 2858 | 10594563 | In contrast, no effect was found on IL-4-positive CD8+ T cells and on IL-2-, IFN-gamma- and IL-4-positive CD4+ T cells. |
| 2859 | 10594563 | Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of cocaine may be due to the up-regulation of the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells with a type 0 cytokine profile. |
| 2860 | 10594563 | Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2861 | 10594563 | We have analysed the effects of cocaine, administered to mice during the in vivo differentiation of effector T cells stimulated by antigen (influenza virus) recognition, on the frequency of IL-2-, IL-4- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2862 | 10594563 | The distribution of IL-2-, IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was assayed on unseparated PR8-immune spleen cells, obtained from mice treated with cocaine or vehicle, and restimulated in vitro with UV-inactivated PR8 virus. |
| 2863 | 10594563 | In parallel, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. |
| 2864 | 10594563 | The results showed that cocaine, administered during the in vivo virus-induced differentiation of T cells, caused an increase of both the frequencies of CD8+ T cells singly and co-expressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma and the levels of these cytokines in virus-restimulated spleen cell culture supernatants, compared with those of untreated controls. |
| 2865 | 10594563 | In contrast, no effect was found on IL-4-positive CD8+ T cells and on IL-2-, IFN-gamma- and IL-4-positive CD4+ T cells. |
| 2866 | 10594563 | Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of cocaine may be due to the up-regulation of the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells with a type 0 cytokine profile. |
| 2867 | 10594563 | Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2868 | 10594563 | We have analysed the effects of cocaine, administered to mice during the in vivo differentiation of effector T cells stimulated by antigen (influenza virus) recognition, on the frequency of IL-2-, IL-4- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2869 | 10594563 | The distribution of IL-2-, IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was assayed on unseparated PR8-immune spleen cells, obtained from mice treated with cocaine or vehicle, and restimulated in vitro with UV-inactivated PR8 virus. |
| 2870 | 10594563 | In parallel, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. |
| 2871 | 10594563 | The results showed that cocaine, administered during the in vivo virus-induced differentiation of T cells, caused an increase of both the frequencies of CD8+ T cells singly and co-expressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma and the levels of these cytokines in virus-restimulated spleen cell culture supernatants, compared with those of untreated controls. |
| 2872 | 10594563 | In contrast, no effect was found on IL-4-positive CD8+ T cells and on IL-2-, IFN-gamma- and IL-4-positive CD4+ T cells. |
| 2873 | 10594563 | Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of cocaine may be due to the up-regulation of the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells with a type 0 cytokine profile. |
| 2874 | 10594563 | Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2875 | 10594563 | We have analysed the effects of cocaine, administered to mice during the in vivo differentiation of effector T cells stimulated by antigen (influenza virus) recognition, on the frequency of IL-2-, IL-4- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2876 | 10594563 | The distribution of IL-2-, IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was assayed on unseparated PR8-immune spleen cells, obtained from mice treated with cocaine or vehicle, and restimulated in vitro with UV-inactivated PR8 virus. |
| 2877 | 10594563 | In parallel, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. |
| 2878 | 10594563 | The results showed that cocaine, administered during the in vivo virus-induced differentiation of T cells, caused an increase of both the frequencies of CD8+ T cells singly and co-expressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma and the levels of these cytokines in virus-restimulated spleen cell culture supernatants, compared with those of untreated controls. |
| 2879 | 10594563 | In contrast, no effect was found on IL-4-positive CD8+ T cells and on IL-2-, IFN-gamma- and IL-4-positive CD4+ T cells. |
| 2880 | 10594563 | Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of cocaine may be due to the up-regulation of the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells with a type 0 cytokine profile. |
| 2881 | 10600341 | We found that glutamine at an optimal concentration (0.6 mM) significantly enhanced PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation as well as Th1 [interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2)] and Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) production. |
| 2882 | 10600341 | Interestingly, addition of glutamine promoted the BCG-elicited Th1 cytokine response (IFN-gamma), but suppressed the measles-induced Th2 cytokine response (IL-10). |
| 2883 | 10601552 | Human tumor antigens when presented appropriately (with costimulatory molecules and with IL-2, IL-12) break the host's natural tolerance toward its tumor and induce rejection strength immune reactions even in patients with metastatic disease. |
| 2884 | 10601552 | For successful active specific immunization against human cancers the understanding of the immunoevasive maneuvers of the tumor cell (through FasL --> Fas; TRAIL; CD40L --> CD40; TGFbeta etc. systems) is essential. |
| 2885 | 10603367 | Total splenocytes and purified CD4(+) T cells obtained from Igh-6(-/-) mice 4 months after vaccination showed reduced ability to release Th1-type cytokines (interleukin 2 and gamma interferon) upon in vitro restimulation with serovar Typhimurium soluble cell extracts compared to cells obtained from Igh-6(+/+) C57BL/6 control mice. |
| 2886 | 10607491 | Both groups of VPLN cells were activated in vitro with anti-CD3 or anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs followed by expansion in IL-2. |
| 2887 | 10607491 | Anti-CD3/CD28 activation resulted in greater expansion of CD4(+) T cells compared to anti-CD3. |
| 2888 | 10607491 | After activation, VPLN cells were stimulated with irradiated autologous tumor targets and cytokines (IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, IL-10) released into the supernatants were measured 24 h later. |
| 2889 | 10607491 | Anti-CD3/CD28-activated BCG-VPLN cells were found to have a greater release of IFN-gamma compared with that of WT-VPLN cells, which was not observed significantly with IL-10 or GM-CSF. |
| 2890 | 10607491 | BCG resulted in increased VPLN cell yield as well as enhanced type 1 (IFN-gamma release) immune responses of VPLN cells to autologous tumor without upregulating type 2 (IL-10 release) responses. |
| 2891 | 10608781 | SAG1-stimulated splenocytes from vaccinated mice produced primarily interferon-gamma and interleukin-2. |
| 2892 | 10614727 | This modulation led to stimulation of T cell responses, and increased production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2893 | 10618531 | In infected mice, strong IL-2, weak IL-4, strong IL-6 and strong IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were induced during early days of infection; especially, IFN-gamma mRNA was expressed by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells around 7 days after infection. |
| 2894 | 10618531 | In mice given CTB*-combined vaccine, weak IL-2, strong IL-4, strong IL-6 and weak IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were induced during early days of vaccination; especially, IL-4 mRNA was expressed by CD4(+) T cells. |
| 2895 | 10618531 | In infected mice, strong IL-2, weak IL-4, strong IL-6 and strong IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were induced during early days of infection; especially, IFN-gamma mRNA was expressed by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells around 7 days after infection. |
| 2896 | 10618531 | In mice given CTB*-combined vaccine, weak IL-2, strong IL-4, strong IL-6 and weak IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were induced during early days of vaccination; especially, IL-4 mRNA was expressed by CD4(+) T cells. |
| 2897 | 10630311 | Mice were immunized with either a fusion protein comprising MUC1 and glutathione S-transferase (MUC1-GST), MUC1-GST fusion protein coupled to mannan (MFP) or with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing both MUC1 and interleukin-2. |
| 2898 | 10649624 | The mechanism by which aluminum phosphate exerts its adjuvant effect is not through increased expression of HBsAg in vivo; rather, the adjuvant appears to increase the number and affinity of HBs peptide antigen-specific IFN-gamma and IL-2 secreting T cells. |
| 2899 | 10652120 | Increased expression of Th1 cytokines was first detected at 6 DPI (IL-2) and 8 DPI (IFN-gamma) and their peak levels were reached at 12 DPI. |
| 2900 | 10652120 | Increased expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) first appeared at 14 DPI, peaked at 20 DPI and Th2 cytokine levels were elevated till the end of the study (28 DPI). |
| 2901 | 10652120 | The results of the present study show that Th1 cytokines predominated in the early inflammatory response and might be involved in control of levels of acute parasitaemia whereas the Th2-associated responses, including expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and the production of parasite-specific IgG, might be the functional means for the reduction and clearance of the parasite from the body. |
| 2902 | 10656428 | Pre- and postvaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) of the eight patients positive for HLA-class I A2 allele, were incubated with the HLA-A2-CEA peptide CAP-1 and interleukin 2. |
| 2903 | 10656428 | Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of the T-cell lines established from patients after ALVAC-CEA vaccination revealed that most were CD8+/CD4-, but many also had a CD8+/CD4+ component. |
| 2904 | 10660256 | Two dominant fractions, designated as PS-1 and PS-2, were tested for adjuvant activity in mice immunized with ovalbumin, and hens immunized with rotavirus. |
| 2905 | 10660256 | In mice, there was a preferential increase of the IgG2a subclass, and upon in vitro secondary antigen stimulation, high IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels were observed in spleen cell cultures from P. senega saponins-immunized animals. |
| 2906 | 10671214 | Our data demonstrate that mitogen stimulation induces poor expression of CD25 and IL-2 in CD7(-) compared with CD7(+) cells. |
| 2907 | 10683917 | SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular weights of expression proteins were 68 kd and 23 kd respectively, designated p68 and p23. |
| 2908 | 10683917 | Purifying and isolating p68 and p23, we separated them from SDS-Polyacrylamide gels by using Side-Strip method. |
| 2909 | 10683917 | After fragmenting and electroeluting, p68 and p23 were injected into guinea pigs and rabbits. |
| 2910 | 10683917 | The results of improved MTT and conA 3HTdR transformation methods showed the activities and proliferation of Th-cells were increased in guinea pigs after p68 immunization (IL-6, 83.25 IU/ml, IL-2, 28.75 IU/ml; RPI, 2.04, SI, 65.62%) Thlymphocyte existed in two subclasses, the Th1- and Th2-cells. |
| 2911 | 10687135 | Reduced recognition of metastatic melanoma cells by autologous MART-1 specific CTL: relationship to TAP expression. |
| 2912 | 10687135 | Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from a patient with melanoma were isolated, expanded in vitro in the presence of interleukin-2, and tested for cytotoxicity against HLA-A2 positive, MART-1 positive autologous tumor cells, an HLA-A2-positive, MART-1 positive melanoma cell line (Mel-501), and HLA-A2-negative melanoma cells. |
| 2913 | 10687135 | To address whether the deficiency in autologous tumor recognition might be related to a deficiency in Ag presentation, we screened for the presence of TAP1 and TAP2 transcripts by polymerase chain reaction, Southern blotting, and scanning densitometry using sequence-specific primers and probes. |
| 2914 | 10687135 | Both TAP1 and TAP2 expression levels in the autologous tumor were minimal, yet were upregulated 7- to 18-fold, respectively, by interferon-gamma. |
| 2915 | 10689137 | The response of NK cells from elderly individuals to IL-2 or other cytokines is also decreased in terms of proliferation, expression of CD69 and killing of NK-resistant cell lines. |
| 2916 | 10689137 | Furthermore early IFN-gamma and chemokine production in response to IL-2 or IL-12 is also decreased. |
| 2917 | 10689137 | However aging does not significantly alter other NK cell functions such as TNF-alpha production or perforin induction in response to IL-2. |
| 2918 | 10689137 | The response of NK cells from elderly individuals to IL-2 or other cytokines is also decreased in terms of proliferation, expression of CD69 and killing of NK-resistant cell lines. |
| 2919 | 10689137 | Furthermore early IFN-gamma and chemokine production in response to IL-2 or IL-12 is also decreased. |
| 2920 | 10689137 | However aging does not significantly alter other NK cell functions such as TNF-alpha production or perforin induction in response to IL-2. |
| 2921 | 10689137 | The response of NK cells from elderly individuals to IL-2 or other cytokines is also decreased in terms of proliferation, expression of CD69 and killing of NK-resistant cell lines. |
| 2922 | 10689137 | Furthermore early IFN-gamma and chemokine production in response to IL-2 or IL-12 is also decreased. |
| 2923 | 10689137 | However aging does not significantly alter other NK cell functions such as TNF-alpha production or perforin induction in response to IL-2. |
| 2924 | 10689143 | Aged naive CD4 T cells produce low levels of IL-2, leading to inefficient generation of effectors. |
| 2925 | 10689143 | The defect in IL-2 production may be the only critical deficiency of aged naive CD4 T cells. |
| 2926 | 10689143 | Importantly, memory CD4 T cells generated from the IL-2 "restored" effectors are also deficient in IL-2 production, suggesting that a heritable change occurs during aging which effects production of IL-2 by resting naive and memory CD4 T cells, but not by optimally generated effectors. |
| 2927 | 10689143 | Aged naive CD4 T cells produce low levels of IL-2, leading to inefficient generation of effectors. |
| 2928 | 10689143 | The defect in IL-2 production may be the only critical deficiency of aged naive CD4 T cells. |
| 2929 | 10689143 | Importantly, memory CD4 T cells generated from the IL-2 "restored" effectors are also deficient in IL-2 production, suggesting that a heritable change occurs during aging which effects production of IL-2 by resting naive and memory CD4 T cells, but not by optimally generated effectors. |
| 2930 | 10689143 | Aged naive CD4 T cells produce low levels of IL-2, leading to inefficient generation of effectors. |
| 2931 | 10689143 | The defect in IL-2 production may be the only critical deficiency of aged naive CD4 T cells. |
| 2932 | 10689143 | Importantly, memory CD4 T cells generated from the IL-2 "restored" effectors are also deficient in IL-2 production, suggesting that a heritable change occurs during aging which effects production of IL-2 by resting naive and memory CD4 T cells, but not by optimally generated effectors. |
| 2933 | 10699326 | Measurements of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in mouse spleen cell cultures restimulated in vitro with HSV-2 antigens showed that, depending on the form of HSV-2 antigen preparation used in this therapeutic context, changes in the levels of these cytokines could be effected. |
| 2934 | 10706711 | The human beta chemokine known as LEC (also called NCC-4, HCC-4, or LMC) displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and dendritic cells. |
| 2935 | 10706711 | NK cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes are uninfluential in TSA-LEC cell rejection, whereas both CD8+ lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes play a major role. |
| 2936 | 10706711 | Spleen cells from rejecting mice display specific cytotoxic activity against TSA-pc and secrete IFN-gamma and IL-2 when restimulated by TSA-pc. |
| 2937 | 10708463 | Rhesus macaques were coimmunized intramuscularly with expression plasmids bearing genes encoding Th1 (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon)- or Th2 (IL-4)-type cytokines and DNA vaccine constructs encoding human immunodeficiency virus Env and Rev and simian immunodeficiency virus Gag and Pol proteins. |
| 2938 | 10708463 | We observed that the cytokine gene adjuvants (especially IL-2 and IL-4) significantly enhanced antigen-specific humoral immune responses in the rhesus macaque model. |
| 2939 | 10708463 | Rhesus macaques were coimmunized intramuscularly with expression plasmids bearing genes encoding Th1 (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon)- or Th2 (IL-4)-type cytokines and DNA vaccine constructs encoding human immunodeficiency virus Env and Rev and simian immunodeficiency virus Gag and Pol proteins. |
| 2940 | 10708463 | We observed that the cytokine gene adjuvants (especially IL-2 and IL-4) significantly enhanced antigen-specific humoral immune responses in the rhesus macaque model. |
| 2941 | 10715522 | The immune responses induced by each formulation were characterised by antigen specific total and subclass serum responses, and by lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine (interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)) production by in vitro restimulated spleen cells. |
| 2942 | 10715522 | Higher IgG2a and neutralising antibody levels, IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels and lymphoproliferative responses were noted in mice immunised with the HSV-2 ISCOM formulated vaccine preparation. |
| 2943 | 10715522 | Furthermore, although HSV-2 antigens formulated in dehydration-rehydration NISV, or entrapped in NISV by freeze-thawing at 30 degrees C (HSV-2 NISV 30), also elicited relatively high antibody, IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels and relatively high lymphoproliferative responses, formulation of HSV-2 antigens by freeze-thawing with NISV at 60 degrees C (HSV-2 NISV 60) did not. |
| 2944 | 10715522 | The immune responses induced by each formulation were characterised by antigen specific total and subclass serum responses, and by lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine (interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)) production by in vitro restimulated spleen cells. |
| 2945 | 10715522 | Higher IgG2a and neutralising antibody levels, IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels and lymphoproliferative responses were noted in mice immunised with the HSV-2 ISCOM formulated vaccine preparation. |
| 2946 | 10715522 | Furthermore, although HSV-2 antigens formulated in dehydration-rehydration NISV, or entrapped in NISV by freeze-thawing at 30 degrees C (HSV-2 NISV 30), also elicited relatively high antibody, IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels and relatively high lymphoproliferative responses, formulation of HSV-2 antigens by freeze-thawing with NISV at 60 degrees C (HSV-2 NISV 60) did not. |
| 2947 | 10715522 | The immune responses induced by each formulation were characterised by antigen specific total and subclass serum responses, and by lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine (interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)) production by in vitro restimulated spleen cells. |
| 2948 | 10715522 | Higher IgG2a and neutralising antibody levels, IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels and lymphoproliferative responses were noted in mice immunised with the HSV-2 ISCOM formulated vaccine preparation. |
| 2949 | 10715522 | Furthermore, although HSV-2 antigens formulated in dehydration-rehydration NISV, or entrapped in NISV by freeze-thawing at 30 degrees C (HSV-2 NISV 30), also elicited relatively high antibody, IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels and relatively high lymphoproliferative responses, formulation of HSV-2 antigens by freeze-thawing with NISV at 60 degrees C (HSV-2 NISV 60) did not. |
| 2950 | 10725381 | Potent induction of long-term CD8+ T cell memory by short-term IL-4 exposure during T cell receptor stimulation. |
| 2951 | 10725381 | Using a MHC-compatible adoptive transfer system, we show here that a short, 3-day IL-4 but not IL-2 or IL-12 exposure during in vitro T cell receptor stimulation of naive CD8(+) T cells induced long-lasting in vivo memory. |
| 2952 | 10725381 | Such long-term memory CD8(+) T cells expressed antigen-specific cytotoxicity and the potential for IFN-gamma and IL-4 production. |
| 2953 | 10725728 | Immunization and treatment with IL-12 within 24 h of birth resulted in elevated expression of IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-15 mRNA in the spleens of newborn mice compared with animals exposed to vaccine only. |
| 2954 | 10725728 | In addition, these animals showed dramatic increases in IFN-gamma-, IL-2-, and IL-4-secreting cells, and in IgG2a Ab levels upon adult challenge compared with mice primed with vaccine alone. |
| 2955 | 10726360 | Performance of reverse transcription quantitative competitive PCR (RT-qcPCR) for the detection of porcine cytokine mRNA indicative for IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10. |
| 2956 | 10730877 | Irradiation of genetically modified plasmacytoma vaccines results in upregulation of CD80 molecule expression, IL-2 production and higher therapeutic efficacy of the vaccines. |
| 2957 | 10730877 | In this communication, we have demonstrated that irradiation of murine IL-2-producing plasmacytoma vaccines resulted in upregulation of CD80 molecule expression and IL-2 production. |
| 2958 | 10730877 | The upregulation of the CD80 membrane molecule expression in X63-m-IL-2 cells was higher after irradiation with 150 Gy than after irradiation with 50 Gy. |
| 2959 | 10730877 | The results indicate that upregulation of the CD80 molecule expression and enhanced IL-2 production in irradiated X63-m-IL-2 cells was responsible for the higher therapeutic effectiveness of the irradiated plasmacytoma vaccine. |
| 2960 | 10730877 | Irradiation of genetically modified plasmacytoma vaccines results in upregulation of CD80 molecule expression, IL-2 production and higher therapeutic efficacy of the vaccines. |
| 2961 | 10730877 | In this communication, we have demonstrated that irradiation of murine IL-2-producing plasmacytoma vaccines resulted in upregulation of CD80 molecule expression and IL-2 production. |
| 2962 | 10730877 | The upregulation of the CD80 membrane molecule expression in X63-m-IL-2 cells was higher after irradiation with 150 Gy than after irradiation with 50 Gy. |
| 2963 | 10730877 | The results indicate that upregulation of the CD80 molecule expression and enhanced IL-2 production in irradiated X63-m-IL-2 cells was responsible for the higher therapeutic effectiveness of the irradiated plasmacytoma vaccine. |
| 2964 | 10730877 | Irradiation of genetically modified plasmacytoma vaccines results in upregulation of CD80 molecule expression, IL-2 production and higher therapeutic efficacy of the vaccines. |
| 2965 | 10730877 | In this communication, we have demonstrated that irradiation of murine IL-2-producing plasmacytoma vaccines resulted in upregulation of CD80 molecule expression and IL-2 production. |
| 2966 | 10730877 | The upregulation of the CD80 membrane molecule expression in X63-m-IL-2 cells was higher after irradiation with 150 Gy than after irradiation with 50 Gy. |
| 2967 | 10730877 | The results indicate that upregulation of the CD80 molecule expression and enhanced IL-2 production in irradiated X63-m-IL-2 cells was responsible for the higher therapeutic effectiveness of the irradiated plasmacytoma vaccine. |
| 2968 | 10730877 | Irradiation of genetically modified plasmacytoma vaccines results in upregulation of CD80 molecule expression, IL-2 production and higher therapeutic efficacy of the vaccines. |
| 2969 | 10730877 | In this communication, we have demonstrated that irradiation of murine IL-2-producing plasmacytoma vaccines resulted in upregulation of CD80 molecule expression and IL-2 production. |
| 2970 | 10730877 | The upregulation of the CD80 membrane molecule expression in X63-m-IL-2 cells was higher after irradiation with 150 Gy than after irradiation with 50 Gy. |
| 2971 | 10730877 | The results indicate that upregulation of the CD80 molecule expression and enhanced IL-2 production in irradiated X63-m-IL-2 cells was responsible for the higher therapeutic effectiveness of the irradiated plasmacytoma vaccine. |
| 2972 | 10730885 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing tumour vaccines. |
| 2973 | 10730885 | Murine sarcoma MC12 cells were transfected with the gene coding for murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 2974 | 10730885 | It has further been found than immunosensitivity of the genetically manipulated, GM-CSF-producing tumour targets to the IL-2-activated killer (LAK) cell-mediated cytolysis was significantly increased, as compared to the parental target cell population. |
| 2975 | 10732718 | Depletion of NK1.1+ cells or CD4+ plus CD8+ cells prevented the induction of significant IL-2-stimulated cytotoxicity directed against MK16 and C1498 targets in spleen cell cultures from tumour progressors, regressors, and healthy control mice, indicating that both, NK1.1+ and CD4+ plus CD8+, cells participate in the antitumour effect of IL-2 gene therapy. |
| 2976 | 10732718 | This was further supported by the finding that after depletion of CD4+ plus CD8+ cells, a residual cytolytic activity directed exclusively against NK-sensitive YAC-1 cells was observed. |
| 2977 | 10741704 | The detection of tumor-specific T cells in immunized cancer patients usually relies on lengthy and difficult CTL assays; we now report on flow cytometry to detect the intracellular cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) produced by CD4+CD69+ and CD8+CD69+ activated T cells after MUC1 antigen stimulation. |
| 2978 | 10741704 | After stimulation in vitro with MUC1-variable number of tandem repeats peptides, CD8+CD69+ T cells from all immunized patients generated 3-9 times higher levels of TNF-alpha(P < 0.038) and IFN-gamma (P <0.010) than did cells from 12 normal subjects; minor increases in IL-4 occurred. |
| 2979 | 10741704 | By contrast, CD4+CD69+ cells showed no overall alteration in TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine production, although in some patients, their measurement was informative; the measurement of IL-2 was not useful in either CD4+CD69+ or CD8+CD69+ cells. |
| 2980 | 10741704 | We conclude that in MUC1-immunized patients, the measurement of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in activated CD69+CD8+ T cells may be indicative of their immune status. |
| 2981 | 10741704 | The detection of tumor-specific T cells in immunized cancer patients usually relies on lengthy and difficult CTL assays; we now report on flow cytometry to detect the intracellular cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) produced by CD4+CD69+ and CD8+CD69+ activated T cells after MUC1 antigen stimulation. |
| 2982 | 10741704 | After stimulation in vitro with MUC1-variable number of tandem repeats peptides, CD8+CD69+ T cells from all immunized patients generated 3-9 times higher levels of TNF-alpha(P < 0.038) and IFN-gamma (P <0.010) than did cells from 12 normal subjects; minor increases in IL-4 occurred. |
| 2983 | 10741704 | By contrast, CD4+CD69+ cells showed no overall alteration in TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine production, although in some patients, their measurement was informative; the measurement of IL-2 was not useful in either CD4+CD69+ or CD8+CD69+ cells. |
| 2984 | 10741704 | We conclude that in MUC1-immunized patients, the measurement of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in activated CD69+CD8+ T cells may be indicative of their immune status. |
| 2985 | 10741724 | To explore the possibility that wild-type sequence p53 peptides could also be used in vaccines for patients expressing HLA-A24 antigen, another frequent HLA class I allele, we investigated the induction of HLA-A24-restricted p53-specific CTLs from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal donors. |
| 2986 | 10741724 | Of six p53-derived peptides possessing an HLA-A24 binding motif, the p53 peptide 125-134 (p53(125-134)) was found to have a high binding capacity and induced peptide-specific CTLs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells and subsequent cultivation with cytokines interleukin 2 and interleukin 7. |
| 2987 | 10749137 | DISC-HSV-2 is able to infect a wide range of tumor cells and efficiently express the beta-galactosidase reporter gene, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or IL-2 genes. |
| 2988 | 10749137 | Gene expression occurred rapidly after infection of tumor cells, and the level of production of the gene product (beta-galactosidase, GM-CSF, or IL-2) was shown to be both time-and dose-dependent. |
| 2989 | 10749137 | Therapy with DISC-infected RENCA "whole" cell vaccines failed to reduce the incidence or growth of tumor in congenitally T-cell deficient (Nu+/Nu+) mice or mice depleted of CD4+ and/or CD8+ T-lymphocytes, confirming that both T-helper and T-cytotoxic effector arms of the immune response are required to promote tumor rejection. |
| 2990 | 10749137 | DISC-HSV-2 is able to infect a wide range of tumor cells and efficiently express the beta-galactosidase reporter gene, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or IL-2 genes. |
| 2991 | 10749137 | Gene expression occurred rapidly after infection of tumor cells, and the level of production of the gene product (beta-galactosidase, GM-CSF, or IL-2) was shown to be both time-and dose-dependent. |
| 2992 | 10749137 | Therapy with DISC-infected RENCA "whole" cell vaccines failed to reduce the incidence or growth of tumor in congenitally T-cell deficient (Nu+/Nu+) mice or mice depleted of CD4+ and/or CD8+ T-lymphocytes, confirming that both T-helper and T-cytotoxic effector arms of the immune response are required to promote tumor rejection. |
| 2993 | 10758564 | Recently designed tumor vaccines are capable of stimulating antitumor immune responses that recognize tumor cell epitopes or that have the potential to act synergistically with cytokines such as interleukin-2 and interleukin-12. |
| 2994 | 10759543 | Sixteen monkeys, divided into four experimental groups, were immunized with (i) sham plasmid, (ii) HIV-1 Env 89.6P and simian immunodeficiency virus mac239 Gag DNA vaccines alone, (iii) these DNA vaccines and IL-2/Ig protein, or (iv) these DNA vaccines and IL-2/Ig plasmid. |
| 2995 | 10759543 | The administration of both IL-2/Ig protein and IL-2/Ig plasmid induced a significant and sustained in vivo activation of peripheral T cells in the vaccinated monkeys. |
| 2996 | 10759543 | The monkeys that received IL-2/Ig plasmid generated 30-fold higher Env-specific antibody titers and 5-fold higher Gag-specific, tetramer-positive CD8+ T cell levels than the monkeys receiving the DNA vaccines alone. |
| 2997 | 10759543 | IL-2/Ig protein also augmented the vaccine-elicited immune responses, but less effectively than IL-2/Ig plasmid. |
| 2998 | 10759543 | Sixteen monkeys, divided into four experimental groups, were immunized with (i) sham plasmid, (ii) HIV-1 Env 89.6P and simian immunodeficiency virus mac239 Gag DNA vaccines alone, (iii) these DNA vaccines and IL-2/Ig protein, or (iv) these DNA vaccines and IL-2/Ig plasmid. |
| 2999 | 10759543 | The administration of both IL-2/Ig protein and IL-2/Ig plasmid induced a significant and sustained in vivo activation of peripheral T cells in the vaccinated monkeys. |
| 3000 | 10759543 | The monkeys that received IL-2/Ig plasmid generated 30-fold higher Env-specific antibody titers and 5-fold higher Gag-specific, tetramer-positive CD8+ T cell levels than the monkeys receiving the DNA vaccines alone. |
| 3001 | 10759543 | IL-2/Ig protein also augmented the vaccine-elicited immune responses, but less effectively than IL-2/Ig plasmid. |
| 3002 | 10759543 | Sixteen monkeys, divided into four experimental groups, were immunized with (i) sham plasmid, (ii) HIV-1 Env 89.6P and simian immunodeficiency virus mac239 Gag DNA vaccines alone, (iii) these DNA vaccines and IL-2/Ig protein, or (iv) these DNA vaccines and IL-2/Ig plasmid. |
| 3003 | 10759543 | The administration of both IL-2/Ig protein and IL-2/Ig plasmid induced a significant and sustained in vivo activation of peripheral T cells in the vaccinated monkeys. |
| 3004 | 10759543 | The monkeys that received IL-2/Ig plasmid generated 30-fold higher Env-specific antibody titers and 5-fold higher Gag-specific, tetramer-positive CD8+ T cell levels than the monkeys receiving the DNA vaccines alone. |
| 3005 | 10759543 | IL-2/Ig protein also augmented the vaccine-elicited immune responses, but less effectively than IL-2/Ig plasmid. |
| 3006 | 10759543 | Sixteen monkeys, divided into four experimental groups, were immunized with (i) sham plasmid, (ii) HIV-1 Env 89.6P and simian immunodeficiency virus mac239 Gag DNA vaccines alone, (iii) these DNA vaccines and IL-2/Ig protein, or (iv) these DNA vaccines and IL-2/Ig plasmid. |
| 3007 | 10759543 | The administration of both IL-2/Ig protein and IL-2/Ig plasmid induced a significant and sustained in vivo activation of peripheral T cells in the vaccinated monkeys. |
| 3008 | 10759543 | The monkeys that received IL-2/Ig plasmid generated 30-fold higher Env-specific antibody titers and 5-fold higher Gag-specific, tetramer-positive CD8+ T cell levels than the monkeys receiving the DNA vaccines alone. |
| 3009 | 10759543 | IL-2/Ig protein also augmented the vaccine-elicited immune responses, but less effectively than IL-2/Ig plasmid. |
| 3010 | 10762079 | Coimmunization with IFN-gamma or IL-2, but not IL-13 or IL-4 cDNA can enhance Th1-type DNA vaccine-induced immune responses in vivo. |
| 3011 | 10762079 | We have previously reported on the immunomodulatory effects of codelivering cDNA for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 as molecular adjuvants for DNA-based vaccines. |
| 3012 | 10762079 | In this report, we extend these finding and compare the immunomodulatory effects of IL-2 and IL-4 with those of cDNA for prototypical Thl-type cytokine interferon-y (IFN-gamma) and Th2-type cytokine IL-13. |
| 3013 | 10762079 | We observed that distinct antigen-specific immune modulation can be achieved by the coinjection of IFN-gamma or IL-13 genes with DNA immunogen cassettes. |
| 3014 | 10762079 | Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports on their similarities in biologic activities, IL-13 and IL-4 cDNA coimmunizations modulated vaccine-induced immune responses differently in this model. |
| 3015 | 10762079 | Coimmunization with IFN-gamma or IL-2, but not IL-13 or IL-4 cDNA can enhance Th1-type DNA vaccine-induced immune responses in vivo. |
| 3016 | 10762079 | We have previously reported on the immunomodulatory effects of codelivering cDNA for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 as molecular adjuvants for DNA-based vaccines. |
| 3017 | 10762079 | In this report, we extend these finding and compare the immunomodulatory effects of IL-2 and IL-4 with those of cDNA for prototypical Thl-type cytokine interferon-y (IFN-gamma) and Th2-type cytokine IL-13. |
| 3018 | 10762079 | We observed that distinct antigen-specific immune modulation can be achieved by the coinjection of IFN-gamma or IL-13 genes with DNA immunogen cassettes. |
| 3019 | 10762079 | Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports on their similarities in biologic activities, IL-13 and IL-4 cDNA coimmunizations modulated vaccine-induced immune responses differently in this model. |
| 3020 | 10762079 | Coimmunization with IFN-gamma or IL-2, but not IL-13 or IL-4 cDNA can enhance Th1-type DNA vaccine-induced immune responses in vivo. |
| 3021 | 10762079 | We have previously reported on the immunomodulatory effects of codelivering cDNA for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 as molecular adjuvants for DNA-based vaccines. |
| 3022 | 10762079 | In this report, we extend these finding and compare the immunomodulatory effects of IL-2 and IL-4 with those of cDNA for prototypical Thl-type cytokine interferon-y (IFN-gamma) and Th2-type cytokine IL-13. |
| 3023 | 10762079 | We observed that distinct antigen-specific immune modulation can be achieved by the coinjection of IFN-gamma or IL-13 genes with DNA immunogen cassettes. |
| 3024 | 10762079 | Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports on their similarities in biologic activities, IL-13 and IL-4 cDNA coimmunizations modulated vaccine-induced immune responses differently in this model. |
| 3025 | 10770624 | To explore the feasibility of designing vaccination protocols in acute leukemia patients with cytokine gene-transduced leukemic cells, we studied in vitro the growth potential of human leukemic cells transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-7, or IL-7 plus IL-2 genes, as well as the capacity of generating both autologous and allogeneic cytotoxic lymphocytes directed against the parental cells. |
| 3026 | 10770624 | A lymphoblastic T-cell line, ST4, obtained from a patient in long-lasting complete remission, was retrovirally engineered with the IL-2, IL-7, and IL-7 plus IL-2 genes; in addition, clones releasing different amounts of the cytokines were obtained by limiting dilution. |
| 3027 | 10770624 | On the contrary, when IL-7- or IL-7-IL-2-producing cells were used as stimulators, only a delay in leukemic cell overgrowth was observed, and lymphocytes were completely cleared from the cultures after day 60. |
| 3028 | 10770624 | IL-7 production by the different clones ranged between 11 and 36 ng/mL/10(6) cells/72 hours, whereas the highest IL-2-producing IL-7-IL-2 clone released 50 IU/mL/10(6) cells/72 hours of IL-2. |
| 3029 | 10770624 | Autologous and allogeneic long-term MLTCs (up to 35 days) with ST4/IL-2#A7 as the stimulator were capable of generating cytotoxic effectors equally endowed with both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-unrestricted and -restricted activity against parental ST4 cells. |
| 3030 | 10770624 | By day 18 of both autologous and allogeneic cultures, a substantial proportion of CD56+ cells was consistently recorded; this was coupled to a predominantly MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic activity directed against parental ST4 cells. |
| 3031 | 10770624 | The results of this study demonstrate that IL-2 gene-transduced human acute leukemia cells cocultured with both autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes are capable of inducing a strong MHC-unrestricted anti-leukemic activity and subsequently "educating" MHC class I-restricted anti-leukemic effectors. |
| 3032 | 10770624 | To explore the feasibility of designing vaccination protocols in acute leukemia patients with cytokine gene-transduced leukemic cells, we studied in vitro the growth potential of human leukemic cells transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-7, or IL-7 plus IL-2 genes, as well as the capacity of generating both autologous and allogeneic cytotoxic lymphocytes directed against the parental cells. |
| 3033 | 10770624 | A lymphoblastic T-cell line, ST4, obtained from a patient in long-lasting complete remission, was retrovirally engineered with the IL-2, IL-7, and IL-7 plus IL-2 genes; in addition, clones releasing different amounts of the cytokines were obtained by limiting dilution. |
| 3034 | 10770624 | On the contrary, when IL-7- or IL-7-IL-2-producing cells were used as stimulators, only a delay in leukemic cell overgrowth was observed, and lymphocytes were completely cleared from the cultures after day 60. |
| 3035 | 10770624 | IL-7 production by the different clones ranged between 11 and 36 ng/mL/10(6) cells/72 hours, whereas the highest IL-2-producing IL-7-IL-2 clone released 50 IU/mL/10(6) cells/72 hours of IL-2. |
| 3036 | 10770624 | Autologous and allogeneic long-term MLTCs (up to 35 days) with ST4/IL-2#A7 as the stimulator were capable of generating cytotoxic effectors equally endowed with both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-unrestricted and -restricted activity against parental ST4 cells. |
| 3037 | 10770624 | By day 18 of both autologous and allogeneic cultures, a substantial proportion of CD56+ cells was consistently recorded; this was coupled to a predominantly MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic activity directed against parental ST4 cells. |
| 3038 | 10770624 | The results of this study demonstrate that IL-2 gene-transduced human acute leukemia cells cocultured with both autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes are capable of inducing a strong MHC-unrestricted anti-leukemic activity and subsequently "educating" MHC class I-restricted anti-leukemic effectors. |
| 3039 | 10770624 | To explore the feasibility of designing vaccination protocols in acute leukemia patients with cytokine gene-transduced leukemic cells, we studied in vitro the growth potential of human leukemic cells transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-7, or IL-7 plus IL-2 genes, as well as the capacity of generating both autologous and allogeneic cytotoxic lymphocytes directed against the parental cells. |
| 3040 | 10770624 | A lymphoblastic T-cell line, ST4, obtained from a patient in long-lasting complete remission, was retrovirally engineered with the IL-2, IL-7, and IL-7 plus IL-2 genes; in addition, clones releasing different amounts of the cytokines were obtained by limiting dilution. |
| 3041 | 10770624 | On the contrary, when IL-7- or IL-7-IL-2-producing cells were used as stimulators, only a delay in leukemic cell overgrowth was observed, and lymphocytes were completely cleared from the cultures after day 60. |
| 3042 | 10770624 | IL-7 production by the different clones ranged between 11 and 36 ng/mL/10(6) cells/72 hours, whereas the highest IL-2-producing IL-7-IL-2 clone released 50 IU/mL/10(6) cells/72 hours of IL-2. |
| 3043 | 10770624 | Autologous and allogeneic long-term MLTCs (up to 35 days) with ST4/IL-2#A7 as the stimulator were capable of generating cytotoxic effectors equally endowed with both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-unrestricted and -restricted activity against parental ST4 cells. |
| 3044 | 10770624 | By day 18 of both autologous and allogeneic cultures, a substantial proportion of CD56+ cells was consistently recorded; this was coupled to a predominantly MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic activity directed against parental ST4 cells. |
| 3045 | 10770624 | The results of this study demonstrate that IL-2 gene-transduced human acute leukemia cells cocultured with both autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes are capable of inducing a strong MHC-unrestricted anti-leukemic activity and subsequently "educating" MHC class I-restricted anti-leukemic effectors. |
| 3046 | 10770624 | To explore the feasibility of designing vaccination protocols in acute leukemia patients with cytokine gene-transduced leukemic cells, we studied in vitro the growth potential of human leukemic cells transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-7, or IL-7 plus IL-2 genes, as well as the capacity of generating both autologous and allogeneic cytotoxic lymphocytes directed against the parental cells. |
| 3047 | 10770624 | A lymphoblastic T-cell line, ST4, obtained from a patient in long-lasting complete remission, was retrovirally engineered with the IL-2, IL-7, and IL-7 plus IL-2 genes; in addition, clones releasing different amounts of the cytokines were obtained by limiting dilution. |
| 3048 | 10770624 | On the contrary, when IL-7- or IL-7-IL-2-producing cells were used as stimulators, only a delay in leukemic cell overgrowth was observed, and lymphocytes were completely cleared from the cultures after day 60. |
| 3049 | 10770624 | IL-7 production by the different clones ranged between 11 and 36 ng/mL/10(6) cells/72 hours, whereas the highest IL-2-producing IL-7-IL-2 clone released 50 IU/mL/10(6) cells/72 hours of IL-2. |
| 3050 | 10770624 | Autologous and allogeneic long-term MLTCs (up to 35 days) with ST4/IL-2#A7 as the stimulator were capable of generating cytotoxic effectors equally endowed with both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-unrestricted and -restricted activity against parental ST4 cells. |
| 3051 | 10770624 | By day 18 of both autologous and allogeneic cultures, a substantial proportion of CD56+ cells was consistently recorded; this was coupled to a predominantly MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic activity directed against parental ST4 cells. |
| 3052 | 10770624 | The results of this study demonstrate that IL-2 gene-transduced human acute leukemia cells cocultured with both autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes are capable of inducing a strong MHC-unrestricted anti-leukemic activity and subsequently "educating" MHC class I-restricted anti-leukemic effectors. |
| 3053 | 10770624 | To explore the feasibility of designing vaccination protocols in acute leukemia patients with cytokine gene-transduced leukemic cells, we studied in vitro the growth potential of human leukemic cells transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-7, or IL-7 plus IL-2 genes, as well as the capacity of generating both autologous and allogeneic cytotoxic lymphocytes directed against the parental cells. |
| 3054 | 10770624 | A lymphoblastic T-cell line, ST4, obtained from a patient in long-lasting complete remission, was retrovirally engineered with the IL-2, IL-7, and IL-7 plus IL-2 genes; in addition, clones releasing different amounts of the cytokines were obtained by limiting dilution. |
| 3055 | 10770624 | On the contrary, when IL-7- or IL-7-IL-2-producing cells were used as stimulators, only a delay in leukemic cell overgrowth was observed, and lymphocytes were completely cleared from the cultures after day 60. |
| 3056 | 10770624 | IL-7 production by the different clones ranged between 11 and 36 ng/mL/10(6) cells/72 hours, whereas the highest IL-2-producing IL-7-IL-2 clone released 50 IU/mL/10(6) cells/72 hours of IL-2. |
| 3057 | 10770624 | Autologous and allogeneic long-term MLTCs (up to 35 days) with ST4/IL-2#A7 as the stimulator were capable of generating cytotoxic effectors equally endowed with both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-unrestricted and -restricted activity against parental ST4 cells. |
| 3058 | 10770624 | By day 18 of both autologous and allogeneic cultures, a substantial proportion of CD56+ cells was consistently recorded; this was coupled to a predominantly MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic activity directed against parental ST4 cells. |
| 3059 | 10770624 | The results of this study demonstrate that IL-2 gene-transduced human acute leukemia cells cocultured with both autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes are capable of inducing a strong MHC-unrestricted anti-leukemic activity and subsequently "educating" MHC class I-restricted anti-leukemic effectors. |
| 3060 | 10770624 | To explore the feasibility of designing vaccination protocols in acute leukemia patients with cytokine gene-transduced leukemic cells, we studied in vitro the growth potential of human leukemic cells transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-7, or IL-7 plus IL-2 genes, as well as the capacity of generating both autologous and allogeneic cytotoxic lymphocytes directed against the parental cells. |
| 3061 | 10770624 | A lymphoblastic T-cell line, ST4, obtained from a patient in long-lasting complete remission, was retrovirally engineered with the IL-2, IL-7, and IL-7 plus IL-2 genes; in addition, clones releasing different amounts of the cytokines were obtained by limiting dilution. |
| 3062 | 10770624 | On the contrary, when IL-7- or IL-7-IL-2-producing cells were used as stimulators, only a delay in leukemic cell overgrowth was observed, and lymphocytes were completely cleared from the cultures after day 60. |
| 3063 | 10770624 | IL-7 production by the different clones ranged between 11 and 36 ng/mL/10(6) cells/72 hours, whereas the highest IL-2-producing IL-7-IL-2 clone released 50 IU/mL/10(6) cells/72 hours of IL-2. |
| 3064 | 10770624 | Autologous and allogeneic long-term MLTCs (up to 35 days) with ST4/IL-2#A7 as the stimulator were capable of generating cytotoxic effectors equally endowed with both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-unrestricted and -restricted activity against parental ST4 cells. |
| 3065 | 10770624 | By day 18 of both autologous and allogeneic cultures, a substantial proportion of CD56+ cells was consistently recorded; this was coupled to a predominantly MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic activity directed against parental ST4 cells. |
| 3066 | 10770624 | The results of this study demonstrate that IL-2 gene-transduced human acute leukemia cells cocultured with both autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes are capable of inducing a strong MHC-unrestricted anti-leukemic activity and subsequently "educating" MHC class I-restricted anti-leukemic effectors. |
| 3067 | 10770625 | Enhanced antitumoral effect of adenovirus-mediated cytosine deaminase gene therapy by induction of antigen-presenting cells through stem cell factor/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene transfer. |
| 3068 | 10770625 | We preinjected the mice with murine stem cell factor (SCF)-encoding adenovirus (AdSCF) and murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-encoding adenovirus (AdGM-CSF); after 7 days, the mice were inoculated with CT26 colon adenocarcinoma. |
| 3069 | 10770625 | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity was induced efficiently after the combined therapy, and mRNA of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-4, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-2 was present in the tumor mass after combined therapy, suggesting that a more potent antitumoral response was induced by enhanced APCs. |
| 3070 | 10772979 | Increased T-cell activation by vp18 was confirmed by higher numbers of both p18-specific IFN-gamma-secreting splenocytes and activated CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. |
| 3071 | 10772979 | Despite modest in vivo activation, SINp18-induced CD4(+) T cells secreted substantial amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-2, potentially contributing to sustained CD8(+) memory. |
| 3072 | 10773410 | In the tumor establishment model in nude mice, IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) at high concentrations were detected in the sera of mice transplanted with KB/IL-2 cells. |
| 3073 | 10775795 | Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokine-producing cells in the gut villi showed no significant induction of the cytokines IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-10 after oral administration of wild type Lactobacillus strains. |
| 3074 | 10775795 | In contrast, oral administration of L. reuteri and L. brevis induced expression of the proinflammatory/Th1 cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-2 and/or IL-1beta. |
| 3075 | 10779161 | Immunogenetic therapy of human melanoma utilizing autologous tumor cells transduced to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 3076 | 10779161 | Four of five patients proceeded to have the adoptive transfer of GM-CSF-VPLN cells secondarily activated and expanded ex vivo with anti-CD3 MAb and IL-2. |
| 3077 | 10779161 | Utilizing cytokine (IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, IL-10) release assays, GM-CSF-VPLN T cells manifested diverse responses when exposed to tumor antigen in vitro. |
| 3078 | 10792505 | Rhesus macaques were immunized by a modified targeted lymph nodes (TLN) route with recombinant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) glycoprotein 120 (gp120) and p27 in alum, and adsorbed recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with either interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-4. |
| 3079 | 10792505 | Immunization induced significant increases in the concentrations of CD8 cell-derived suppressor factor (CD8-SF), regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta, and down-modulation of the proportion of cells expressing CCR5 (r = 0.737, P<0.05). |
| 3080 | 10792843 | Macrophages from mice vaccinated with SP of M. habana produced enhanced levels of interleukin(IL)-2, interleukin-12 and interferon(IFN)-gamma. |
| 3081 | 10811476 | Because IL-12 and IL-2 have been found to have synergistic antitumoral activity, we further analyzed the biologic activity of tumor cells cotransduced by separate HSV vectors carrying genes coding for these two cytokines. |
| 3082 | 10811476 | The combination of IL-2- and IL-12-secreting tumor cells may be used as an effective immunization strategy against solid tumors. |
| 3083 | 10811476 | Because IL-12 and IL-2 have been found to have synergistic antitumoral activity, we further analyzed the biologic activity of tumor cells cotransduced by separate HSV vectors carrying genes coding for these two cytokines. |
| 3084 | 10811476 | The combination of IL-2- and IL-12-secreting tumor cells may be used as an effective immunization strategy against solid tumors. |
| 3085 | 10820273 | CD40 ligand (CD154) enhances the Th1 and antibody responses to respiratory syncytial virus in the BALB/c mouse. |
| 3086 | 10820273 | CD40 ligand (CD40L) is a cell surface costimulatory molecule expressed mainly by activated T cells. |
| 3087 | 10820273 | CD40L expression promotes Th1 cytokine responses to protein Ags and is responsible for Ig isotype switching in B cells. |
| 3088 | 10820273 | These studies show that coincident expression of CD40L enhances the Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) cytokine responses, increases the expression of TNF-alpha and NO, accelerates virus clearance, and increases the anti-F and anti-G Ab responses. |
| 3089 | 10825606 | Proliferating PBMC secreted peak levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) at 2 days and peak levels of tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4 and IL-10 at 3-6 days post-stimulation. |
| 3090 | 10825606 | In contrast, nonproliferating PBMC (whether from nonresponders, naive subjects or weak responders) did not produce detectable levels of TNF-beta or IFN-gamma, nor was IL-4 or IL-10 produced significantly, and that produced had a different kinetic profile from that of proliferating PBMC. |
| 3091 | 10838666 | Generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells from patients with renal cell cancer: modulation of their functional properties after therapy with biological response modifiers (IFN-alpha plus IL-2 and IL-12). |
| 3092 | 10838666 | The combination of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) plus interleukin (IL-2) has been accepted in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC), whereas vaccines based on IL-12 or dendritic cells (DCs) are still being investigated. |
| 3093 | 10838666 | Eight and 13 MRCC patients received IL-2 plus IFN-alpha or IL-12 immunotherapy, respectively. |
| 3094 | 10838666 | The adherent fraction of mononuclear cells from patients' blood drawn before, during, and after immunotherapy was incubated in clinically approved culture medium supplemented with 5% autologous serum, rhu granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and rhuIL-4 for a week. |
| 3095 | 10838666 | Morphologic and phenotypical analyses revealed immature DCs with low levels of CD1a or CD83 expression throughout therapy with BRMs. |
| 3096 | 10838666 | IL-12 expression levels under IFN-gamma and CD40L stimulation were significantly lower in MDDC cultures from patients with MRCC compared with healthy volunteers. |
| 3097 | 10838666 | Generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells from patients with renal cell cancer: modulation of their functional properties after therapy with biological response modifiers (IFN-alpha plus IL-2 and IL-12). |
| 3098 | 10838666 | The combination of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) plus interleukin (IL-2) has been accepted in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC), whereas vaccines based on IL-12 or dendritic cells (DCs) are still being investigated. |
| 3099 | 10838666 | Eight and 13 MRCC patients received IL-2 plus IFN-alpha or IL-12 immunotherapy, respectively. |
| 3100 | 10838666 | The adherent fraction of mononuclear cells from patients' blood drawn before, during, and after immunotherapy was incubated in clinically approved culture medium supplemented with 5% autologous serum, rhu granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and rhuIL-4 for a week. |
| 3101 | 10838666 | Morphologic and phenotypical analyses revealed immature DCs with low levels of CD1a or CD83 expression throughout therapy with BRMs. |
| 3102 | 10838666 | IL-12 expression levels under IFN-gamma and CD40L stimulation were significantly lower in MDDC cultures from patients with MRCC compared with healthy volunteers. |
| 3103 | 10838666 | Generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells from patients with renal cell cancer: modulation of their functional properties after therapy with biological response modifiers (IFN-alpha plus IL-2 and IL-12). |
| 3104 | 10838666 | The combination of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) plus interleukin (IL-2) has been accepted in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC), whereas vaccines based on IL-12 or dendritic cells (DCs) are still being investigated. |
| 3105 | 10838666 | Eight and 13 MRCC patients received IL-2 plus IFN-alpha or IL-12 immunotherapy, respectively. |
| 3106 | 10838666 | The adherent fraction of mononuclear cells from patients' blood drawn before, during, and after immunotherapy was incubated in clinically approved culture medium supplemented with 5% autologous serum, rhu granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and rhuIL-4 for a week. |
| 3107 | 10838666 | Morphologic and phenotypical analyses revealed immature DCs with low levels of CD1a or CD83 expression throughout therapy with BRMs. |
| 3108 | 10838666 | IL-12 expression levels under IFN-gamma and CD40L stimulation were significantly lower in MDDC cultures from patients with MRCC compared with healthy volunteers. |
| 3109 | 10841077 | For example, coadministration of costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1alpha [IL-1alpha], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta), Th1 cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), and granulocytes-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with DNA vaccine constructs leads to modulation of the magnitude and direction (humoral or cellular) of the immune responses. |
| 3110 | 10841077 | To further engineer the immune response in vivo, we compared the induction and regulation of immune responses from the codelivery of chemokine (IL-8, interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 [gammaIP-10], macrophage inhibitory protein-1alpha [MIP-1alpha], and RANTES) genes with codelivery of cytokine genes. |
| 3111 | 10841077 | We observed that coimmunization with IL-8, gammaIP-10, and MIP-1alpha genes increased the antibody response. |
| 3112 | 10841077 | We also found that coinjection with IL-8, gammaIP-10, and RANTES resulted in a dramatic enhancement of T helper (Th) proliferation response. |
| 3113 | 10841077 | This enhancement of CTL responses observed from the coinjection with RANTES was CD8+ T cell dependent. |
| 3114 | 10854647 | T cell vaccination (TCV) was also associated with a decline of myelin-specific IL-2- and IFN-gamma-secreting T cells. |
| 3115 | 10856799 | Cytokine profiles in immunized C57BL/6 mice demonstrated Th1 bias, with IFN-gamma and IL-2 production and lack of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 3116 | 10857759 | After vaccination of breast cancer patients with a combination of tumour-associated antigens and biological adjuvants (IL-2 and GM-CSF), the concentration of IL-6 decreased significantly (P<0.05) to 8.1 +/- 14.6 pg/ml (n=85). |
| 3117 | 10857759 | Other studies have shown that oestrogen suppresses IL-6 production in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. |
| 3118 | 10857759 | We have demonstrated that the decrease in IL-6 associated with vaccination is related to the oestrogen receptor status of the tumours from breast cancer patients, as a decrease in IL-6 from 124.0 +/- 267.5 pg/ml (n=26) to 6.2 +/- 11.0 pg/ml (n=34) only occurs in patients with oestrogen receptor negative tumours. |
| 3119 | 10857759 | The IL-6 concentration in breast cancer patients with oestrogen receptor positive tumours remained unchanged (9.5 pg/ml before vaccination, and 9.3 pg/ml after vaccination). |
| 3120 | 10858194 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion, however, was much lower in gg-immunized than in i.m. |
| 3121 | 10858194 | On the other hand, C57BL mice reacted only very weakly to gg immunization, whereas elevated Ag85A-specific antibody, IL-2, and IFN-gamma responses (significantly higher than in BALB/c mice) were detected following vaccination by the i.m. route. |
| 3122 | 10858194 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion, however, was much lower in gg-immunized than in i.m. |
| 3123 | 10858194 | On the other hand, C57BL mice reacted only very weakly to gg immunization, whereas elevated Ag85A-specific antibody, IL-2, and IFN-gamma responses (significantly higher than in BALB/c mice) were detected following vaccination by the i.m. route. |
| 3124 | 10861075 | Similar to what occurred upon nasal exposure to viable A. fumigatus conidia, treatment of immunocompetent mice with Aspergillus crude culture filtrate Ags resulted in the development of local and peripheral protective Th1 memory responses, mediated by Ag-specific CD4+ T cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-2 capable of conferring protection upon adoptive transfer to naive recipients. |
| 3125 | 10861075 | Protective Th1 responses could not be observed in mice deficient of IFN-gamma or IL-12 and did not occur in response to Asp f 2, which, on the contrary, elicited high level production of inhibitory IL-4. |
| 3126 | 10866836 | It has been proposed that the more aggressive liver disease observed in individuals infected with HAV in addition to chronic HBV/HCV is a result of the induction of interferon (IFN)-alpha during acute HAV infection. |
| 3127 | 10866836 | Alternatively, HAV may indirectly stimulate the T helper 1 (Th1)-type cytokine responses, such as interleukin (IL)-2, IFN-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, which directly promote the antiviral CTL response. |
| 3128 | 10869296 | Interestingly, splenic lymphocytes derived from pS/pD-inoculated mice demonstrated significant proliferation responses to recombinant HBsAg and HDAg, and resulted in a Th1-like immune response as suggested by the production of interferon gamma (INF-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), but not IL-4. |
| 3129 | 10870026 | Many of them utilise methods of gene therapy, but follow different strategies: (1) reintroduction of the tumour suppressor p53 into a background lacking functional p53; (2) suicide gene therapy with ganciclovir and a transduced gene for herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase controlled by the thyroglobulin promoter; (3) strengthening of the antitumour immune response by expression of an adenovirus-delivered interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene; (4) induction of an immune response by DNA vaccination against the tumour marker calcitonin; (5) transduction of the thyroid sodium/iodide transporter gene to make tissues that do not accumulate iodide treatable by radioiodide therapy; (6) blocking of the expression of the oncogene c-myc by antisense oligonucleotides. |
| 3130 | 10879919 | Simultaneous injection of the recombinant 3-1E protein, or the 3-1E cDNA, with cDNAs encoding chicken IFN-gamma or interleukin (IL)-2/15 further enhanced protective immunity. |
| 3131 | 10879922 | Although their role in eliminating Eimeria infection remains to be completely elucidated, T cells have been implicated in parasite transport, and their activity is augmented by interferon-gamma and interleukin-2. |
| 3132 | 10879922 | The newer generations of recombinant DNA and subunit protein vaccines, particularly when used in conjunction with interferon-gamma and interleukin-2, have shown preliminary promise in controlling experimental infections but have yet to be commercially developed. |
| 3133 | 10879922 | Although their role in eliminating Eimeria infection remains to be completely elucidated, T cells have been implicated in parasite transport, and their activity is augmented by interferon-gamma and interleukin-2. |
| 3134 | 10879922 | The newer generations of recombinant DNA and subunit protein vaccines, particularly when used in conjunction with interferon-gamma and interleukin-2, have shown preliminary promise in controlling experimental infections but have yet to be commercially developed. |
| 3135 | 10880017 | Allogeneic vaccination was not effective in another model, against the B16F10 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice, irrespective of genetic modification with the IL-2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor genes. |
| 3136 | 10886404 | A strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was induced in mice co-injected via the intradermal (i.d.) route with a eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding the CD80 molecule (pCD80) and a plasmid encoding the glycoprotein D of the HSV-2 (pgD). |
| 3137 | 10886404 | Furthermore, when spleen cells from these mice were cultured in the presence of inactivated HSV, a significant increase in the expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) was observed in the CD4 subset compared with mice immunized only with pgD. |
| 3138 | 10886404 | Analysis of cytokine synthesis at the single-cell level indicated that CD80 genes induce a significant increase in the number of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-, IL-2- and IL-4-secreting cells in the spleen. |
| 3139 | 10886404 | When a plasmid carrying the CD86 gene (pCD86) was co-injected via the i.m. route with the pgD plasmid, a small decrease in the number of IFN-gamma-secreting cells was observed. |
| 3140 | 10886404 | This down-regulation of the immune response was also observed when eukaryotic expression cassettes for CD80 and for CD86 were co-administered with the pgD plasmid via the i.d. route. |
| 3141 | 10886404 | A strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was induced in mice co-injected via the intradermal (i.d.) route with a eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding the CD80 molecule (pCD80) and a plasmid encoding the glycoprotein D of the HSV-2 (pgD). |
| 3142 | 10886404 | Furthermore, when spleen cells from these mice were cultured in the presence of inactivated HSV, a significant increase in the expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) was observed in the CD4 subset compared with mice immunized only with pgD. |
| 3143 | 10886404 | Analysis of cytokine synthesis at the single-cell level indicated that CD80 genes induce a significant increase in the number of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-, IL-2- and IL-4-secreting cells in the spleen. |
| 3144 | 10886404 | When a plasmid carrying the CD86 gene (pCD86) was co-injected via the i.m. route with the pgD plasmid, a small decrease in the number of IFN-gamma-secreting cells was observed. |
| 3145 | 10886404 | This down-regulation of the immune response was also observed when eukaryotic expression cassettes for CD80 and for CD86 were co-administered with the pgD plasmid via the i.d. route. |
| 3146 | 10892997 | The use of plasmids expressing interleukin-2 (IL-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) in conjunction with pcDNA-ORF2 enhanced the antibody responses generated by pORF-2. |
| 3147 | 10892998 | Immunization with the JE vaccine induced T-cell activation in vivo, demonstrated by increase in the plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and soluble CD8. |
| 3148 | 10911917 | The colorectal cancer antigen GA733 (also termed CO17-1A, KSI-4, Ep-CAM, KSA) has proved to be a useful target in passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibody and in active immunotherapy with antiidiotypic antibodies in cancer patients. |
| 3149 | 10911917 | AV mEGP, only when combined with interleukin-2, significantly inhibited growth of established mEGP-positive tumors. |
| 3150 | 10915558 | LFA-3 plasmid DNA enhances Ag-specific humoral- and cellular-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus-2 in vivo: involvement of CD4+ T cells in protection. |
| 3151 | 10915558 | Adhesion molecules lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 and CD2 on T cells recognize intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and LFA-3 on APCs, respectively. |
| 3152 | 10915558 | To investigate specific roles of adhesion molecules in immune induction we coimmunized LFA-3 and ICAM-1 cDNAs with a gD plasmid vaccine and then analyzed immune modulatory effects and protection against lethal herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 challenge. |
| 3153 | 10915558 | LFA-3 also enhanced Th cell proliferative responses and production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 from splenocytes. |
| 3154 | 10915558 | In contrast, ICAM-1 showed slightly increasing effects on T-cell proliferation responses and cytokine production. beta-Chemokine production (RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MCP-1) was also influenced by LFA-3 or ICAM-1. |
| 3155 | 10915558 | When animals were challenged with a lethal dose of HSV-2, LFA-3-coimmunized animals exhibited an enhanced survival rate, as compared to animals given ICAM-1 or gD DNA vaccine alone. |
| 3156 | 10915558 | These studies demonstrate that adhesion molecule LFA-3 can play an important role in generating protective antigen-specific immunity in the HSV model system through increased induction of CD4+ Th1 T-cell subset. |
| 3157 | 10918200 | IL-15 is an immunostimulatory cytokine with IL-2-like activities. |
| 3158 | 10918200 | Significant IL-15 secretion was achieved only by the use of a modified cDNA encoding for an IL-15 pre-protein bearing the IgK light chain signal peptide. |
| 3159 | 10918200 | TS/A IL-15 was restored in animals depleted of CD8(+) lymphocytes or of natural killer cells and partially in CD4(+)-depleted mice. |
| 3160 | 10918200 | Cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, specifically inhibited by anti-CD3 antibodies, was inducible in the splenocytes of TS/A IL-15-immunized animals by mixed lymphocyte/tumor culture (MLTC), and IFN-gamma was released in the supernatant of MLTC, mainly by CD8(+) cells. |
| 3161 | 10918200 | Immunohistochemistry of the TS/A IL-15 tumor area revealed the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate with predominant natural killer, macrophage, and granulocyte components and expression of IFN-gamma as a distinctive secondary cytokine. |
| 3162 | 10925363 | After s.c. injection of SBCC, the recently activated T cells, which were identified by their reduced expression of CD62L (L-selectin), were isolated from the draining lymph nodes, expanded with anti-CD3 and IL-2, and their cytokine response to tumor cells in vitro was analyzed. |
| 3163 | 10936091 | One of these viral proteins, p12(I), encoded by HTLV-I orfI, is a weak oncogene that binds the 16-kDa subunit of the vacuolar ATPase and interacts with the immature beta and gamma(c) chains of the IL-2 receptor. |
| 3164 | 10944482 | Retinoic acid and polyriboinosinic acid act synergistically to enhance the antibody response to tetanus toxoid during vitamin A deficiency: possible involvement of interleukin-2 receptor-beta, signal transducer and activator of transcription-1, and interferon regulatory factor-1. |
| 3165 | 10944482 | In VA-deficient spleens, mRNAs were low for interleukin (IL)-2 receptor-beta, interferon regulatory factor-1, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. |
| 3166 | 10944482 | Conversely, IL-12 and IL-10 mRNAs were elevated in VA deficiency and were induced by PIC and suppressed by RA. |
| 3167 | 10944482 | Retinoic acid and polyriboinosinic acid act synergistically to enhance the antibody response to tetanus toxoid during vitamin A deficiency: possible involvement of interleukin-2 receptor-beta, signal transducer and activator of transcription-1, and interferon regulatory factor-1. |
| 3168 | 10944482 | In VA-deficient spleens, mRNAs were low for interleukin (IL)-2 receptor-beta, interferon regulatory factor-1, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. |
| 3169 | 10944482 | Conversely, IL-12 and IL-10 mRNAs were elevated in VA deficiency and were induced by PIC and suppressed by RA. |
| 3170 | 10948159 | Consistent with the latter finding, non-ADP-ribosylating exotoxins, including an oligonucleotide DNA sequence, as well as several cytokines (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta] fragment, IL-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and lipopolysaccharide also elicited detectable anti-DTx immunoglobulin G titers in the immunized mice. |
| 3171 | 10950372 | Key biological interactions between virus and host, mediated by oncogenic, immunomodulatory, and antiapoptotic viral proteins, should become the main target for new drug development. (3) Immune reconstitution with HAART and immunostimulatory cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-12, combined with drugs that downregulate the replication or gene expression of tumor-associated viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8), possibly in combination, should remain a primary goal in the treatment of HIV-NHL. |
| 3172 | 10956396 | IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-2, and IL-6 production by stimulated PBMCs was compared to unstimulated controls and the phenotype of expanded cells analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS analysis). |
| 3173 | 10956396 | Live BCG and most of its subcomponents (with the exception of cytosol, PstS-2 and -3) significantly enhanced IFN-gamma and IL-12 secretion, expanded CD3(-)CD56(+) cells and the non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity against bladder tumor cells compared to unstimulated controls (all P < 0.001, t-test). |
| 3174 | 10973449 | In an effort to clarify this unusual conflict, we compared IL-7 along with IL-12 (Th1 control) and IL-10 (Th2 control) for its ability to induce antigen (Ag)-specific CTL and Th1- versus Th2-type immune responses using a well established DNA vaccine model. |
| 3175 | 10973449 | IL-7 coinjection also decreased production of Th1-type cytokine IL-2, gamma interferon, and the chemokine RANTES but increased production of the Th2-type cytokine IL-10 and the similarly biased chemokine MCP-1. |
| 3176 | 10973449 | In herpes simplex virus (HSV) challenge studies, IL-7 coinjection decreased the survival rate after lethal HSV type 2 (HSV-2) challenge compared with gD plasmid vaccine alone in a manner similar to IL-10 coinjection, whereas IL-12 coinjection enhanced the protection, further supporting that IL-7 drives immune responses to the Th2 type, resulting in reduced protection against HSV-2 challenge. |
| 3177 | 10973449 | Moreover, coinjection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env and gag/pol genes plus IL-12 or IL-7 cDNA enhanced Ag-specific CTLs, while coinjection with IL-10 cDNA failed to influence CTL induction. |
| 3178 | 10975812 | The dual role of IL-2 in the generation and maintenance of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3179 | 10975812 | In this study, we tested the role of IL-2 in allospecific CD8+ T cell memory by analyzing the long-term survival, phenotype, and functional characteristics of IL-2-replete (IL-2+/+) and IL-2-deficient (IL-2-/-) CD8+ TCR-transgenic lymphocytes in an adoptive transfer model. |
| 3180 | 10975812 | We found that IL-2 is not essential for the in vivo generation, maintenance, or recall response of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3181 | 10975812 | However, IL-2 increased the size of the CD8+ memory pool if present at the time of initial T cell activation but reduced the size of the pool if present during memory maintenance by inhibiting the proliferation of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3182 | 10975812 | Thus, IL-2-based vaccine strategies or immunosuppressive regimens that target IL-2 should take into account the divergent roles of IL-2 in CD8+ T cell immunity. |
| 3183 | 10975812 | The dual role of IL-2 in the generation and maintenance of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3184 | 10975812 | In this study, we tested the role of IL-2 in allospecific CD8+ T cell memory by analyzing the long-term survival, phenotype, and functional characteristics of IL-2-replete (IL-2+/+) and IL-2-deficient (IL-2-/-) CD8+ TCR-transgenic lymphocytes in an adoptive transfer model. |
| 3185 | 10975812 | We found that IL-2 is not essential for the in vivo generation, maintenance, or recall response of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3186 | 10975812 | However, IL-2 increased the size of the CD8+ memory pool if present at the time of initial T cell activation but reduced the size of the pool if present during memory maintenance by inhibiting the proliferation of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3187 | 10975812 | Thus, IL-2-based vaccine strategies or immunosuppressive regimens that target IL-2 should take into account the divergent roles of IL-2 in CD8+ T cell immunity. |
| 3188 | 10975812 | The dual role of IL-2 in the generation and maintenance of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3189 | 10975812 | In this study, we tested the role of IL-2 in allospecific CD8+ T cell memory by analyzing the long-term survival, phenotype, and functional characteristics of IL-2-replete (IL-2+/+) and IL-2-deficient (IL-2-/-) CD8+ TCR-transgenic lymphocytes in an adoptive transfer model. |
| 3190 | 10975812 | We found that IL-2 is not essential for the in vivo generation, maintenance, or recall response of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3191 | 10975812 | However, IL-2 increased the size of the CD8+ memory pool if present at the time of initial T cell activation but reduced the size of the pool if present during memory maintenance by inhibiting the proliferation of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3192 | 10975812 | Thus, IL-2-based vaccine strategies or immunosuppressive regimens that target IL-2 should take into account the divergent roles of IL-2 in CD8+ T cell immunity. |
| 3193 | 10975812 | The dual role of IL-2 in the generation and maintenance of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3194 | 10975812 | In this study, we tested the role of IL-2 in allospecific CD8+ T cell memory by analyzing the long-term survival, phenotype, and functional characteristics of IL-2-replete (IL-2+/+) and IL-2-deficient (IL-2-/-) CD8+ TCR-transgenic lymphocytes in an adoptive transfer model. |
| 3195 | 10975812 | We found that IL-2 is not essential for the in vivo generation, maintenance, or recall response of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3196 | 10975812 | However, IL-2 increased the size of the CD8+ memory pool if present at the time of initial T cell activation but reduced the size of the pool if present during memory maintenance by inhibiting the proliferation of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3197 | 10975812 | Thus, IL-2-based vaccine strategies or immunosuppressive regimens that target IL-2 should take into account the divergent roles of IL-2 in CD8+ T cell immunity. |
| 3198 | 10975812 | The dual role of IL-2 in the generation and maintenance of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3199 | 10975812 | In this study, we tested the role of IL-2 in allospecific CD8+ T cell memory by analyzing the long-term survival, phenotype, and functional characteristics of IL-2-replete (IL-2+/+) and IL-2-deficient (IL-2-/-) CD8+ TCR-transgenic lymphocytes in an adoptive transfer model. |
| 3200 | 10975812 | We found that IL-2 is not essential for the in vivo generation, maintenance, or recall response of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3201 | 10975812 | However, IL-2 increased the size of the CD8+ memory pool if present at the time of initial T cell activation but reduced the size of the pool if present during memory maintenance by inhibiting the proliferation of CD8+ memory T cells. |
| 3202 | 10975812 | Thus, IL-2-based vaccine strategies or immunosuppressive regimens that target IL-2 should take into account the divergent roles of IL-2 in CD8+ T cell immunity. |
| 3203 | 10992493 | The percentage of survivor mice was higher in DNA-immunized mice than in animals immunized with a recombinant rPcMSP1(19)- glutathione S-transferase fusion protein administered in Freund adjuvant. |
| 3204 | 10992493 | The coinjection of Th1-type cytokine-expressing plasmids (gamma interferon, interleukin-2, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) mostly abolished protection and boosting of MSP1(19)-specific antibodies. |
| 3205 | 10996626 | Cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF) are also used as natural adjuvants of vaccines of various formulation to help in activating and maintaining an antitumor immune response. |
| 3206 | 10999463 | Killing of Fas ligand-resistant renal carcioma cells by interleukin-2- and BCG-activated effector cells. |
| 3207 | 10999463 | Perforin and Fas ligand (FasL) have been described as the major lytic principles in cellular cytotoxicity. |
| 3208 | 11004802 | Addition of recombinant BCG secreting alpha antigen-fused IL-2 to peritoneal exudate cells induced IFN-gamma resulting in killing bladder cancer cells more efficiently than parental BCG did. |
| 3209 | 11005833 | Direct enumeration of Borrelia-reactive CD4 T cells ex vivo by using MHC class II tetramers. |
| 3210 | 11005833 | We characterized antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells in six patients with treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis, using an HLA-DRB1*0401 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II tetramer covalently loaded with OspA(164-175), an immunodominant epitope of Borrelia burgdorferi. |
| 3211 | 11005833 | Direct analysis of OspA-tetramer binding CD4(+) cells in patients expressing the HLA-DRB1*0401 allele revealed frequencies of between <0.005 and 0.1% in peripheral blood (n = 6), and between <0.005 and 3.1% in synovial fluid (n = 3). |
| 3212 | 11005833 | OspA-tetramer(+)CD4(+) cells were directly cloned at 1 cell per well and expanded by mitogen and IL-2 on allogeneic feeder cells. |
| 3213 | 11005833 | Clones generated from peripheral blood revealed a different pattern of responsiveness when compared with clones generated from synovial fluid, as measured by proliferation, IFN-gamma, and IL-13 secretion. |
| 3214 | 11008095 | Results from phase II trials have shown that the combination of interferon-alpha and interleukin-2 therapy and the infusion of dendritic cells primed with peptides of prostate specific membrane antigen are promising. |
| 3215 | 11009076 | CD4+ T cells contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the absence of CD8+ T cells in mice vaccinated with DNA encoding Ag85A. |
| 3216 | 11009076 | The contribution of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell-mediated effector functions against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection elicited by i.m. vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding the immunodominant Ag85A antigen of M. tuberculosis was studied. |
| 3217 | 11009076 | In addition, Ag85A DNA-vaccinated IFN-gamma gene knockout mice produced Ag85-specific antibodies and IL-2 but died rapidly following a M. tuberculosis challenge infection. |
| 3218 | 11009076 | Collectively, these data support the view that IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells, independently of CD8+ T cells, may mediate the protective effect of the Ag85A DNA vaccine. |
| 3219 | 11023201 | The main goals of this study were to examine determinants of the gene transfer by using DISC virus for squamous cancer and to evaluate the antitumoral efficacy of vaccination with tumor cells modified by DISC viruses carrying a combination of immunomodulatory genes (interleukin-2 (IL-2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), B7-1) in a model of squamous cell cancer (SCCVII) in C3H/HeJ mice. |
| 3220 | 11023201 | SCCVII cells transduced by DISC viruses (multiplicity of infection of 10) carrying the IL-2 or GM-CSF gene produced nanogram quantities of IL-2 or GM-CSF per 10(6) cells. |
| 3221 | 11023201 | Irradiated (5,000 cGy, 10,000 cGy) cells secreted levels of GM-CSF or IL-2 that were comparable with nonirradiated cells. |
| 3222 | 11023201 | The main goals of this study were to examine determinants of the gene transfer by using DISC virus for squamous cancer and to evaluate the antitumoral efficacy of vaccination with tumor cells modified by DISC viruses carrying a combination of immunomodulatory genes (interleukin-2 (IL-2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), B7-1) in a model of squamous cell cancer (SCCVII) in C3H/HeJ mice. |
| 3223 | 11023201 | SCCVII cells transduced by DISC viruses (multiplicity of infection of 10) carrying the IL-2 or GM-CSF gene produced nanogram quantities of IL-2 or GM-CSF per 10(6) cells. |
| 3224 | 11023201 | Irradiated (5,000 cGy, 10,000 cGy) cells secreted levels of GM-CSF or IL-2 that were comparable with nonirradiated cells. |
| 3225 | 11023201 | The main goals of this study were to examine determinants of the gene transfer by using DISC virus for squamous cancer and to evaluate the antitumoral efficacy of vaccination with tumor cells modified by DISC viruses carrying a combination of immunomodulatory genes (interleukin-2 (IL-2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), B7-1) in a model of squamous cell cancer (SCCVII) in C3H/HeJ mice. |
| 3226 | 11023201 | SCCVII cells transduced by DISC viruses (multiplicity of infection of 10) carrying the IL-2 or GM-CSF gene produced nanogram quantities of IL-2 or GM-CSF per 10(6) cells. |
| 3227 | 11023201 | Irradiated (5,000 cGy, 10,000 cGy) cells secreted levels of GM-CSF or IL-2 that were comparable with nonirradiated cells. |
| 3228 | 11024117 | No evidence was found for interleukin 4 (IL-4) or IL-5 production by isolated lymphocytes from children or adults. |
| 3229 | 11024117 | In contrast, lymphocytes from convalescent adults produced a typical type 1 response associated with high levels of IL-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). |
| 3230 | 11035118 | The proliferative response was defined as a Th response by the selective expansion of CD4(+) cells, up-regulation of CD25 and CD40L, and IL-2 and IFN-gamma expression. |
| 3231 | 11039923 | In contrast, all monkeys that received the DNA vaccines augmented with IL-2/Ig were infected, but demonstrated potent secondary CTL responses, stable CD4+ T cell counts, preserved virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses, low to undetectable setpoint viral loads, and no evidence of clinical disease or mortality by day 140 after challenge. |
| 3232 | 11054277 | Here, pigs were vaccinated by a single coinjection of three plasmids encoding PRV glycoproteins gB, gC, and gD, with plasmid expressing porcine granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or porcine interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). |
| 3233 | 11054277 | DNA immunization induced a primary T cell-mediated response characterized by low rates of IFN-gamma, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL4 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). |
| 3234 | 11054277 | Codelivery of plasmid expressing GM-CSF or IFN-alpha had no effect on cytokine mRNA expression or on B cell response. |
| 3235 | 11054277 | Codelivery of GMCSF gene significantly increased both Th immune response (i.e., IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA expression) and clinical protection but had no effect on secondary B immune response. |
| 3236 | 11055798 | Intratumoral IL-12 gene transfer improves the therapeutic efficacy of IL-12 but not IL-19. |
| 3237 | 11055798 | We have compared the therapeutic activity of IL-12 and IL-18 in mice carrying IL-2 gene-transduced syngeneic sarcoma Mc12. |
| 3238 | 11055798 | Murine recombinant IL-12 was capable of suppressing growth of the IL-2 gene-modified sarcoma Mc12 in syngeneic mice more efficiently than growth of the parental Mc12 sarcoma. |
| 3239 | 11055798 | In contrast, murine recombinant IL-18 could neither inhibit growth of the parental Mc12 sarcoma, nor suppress growth of its IL-2 gene-modified transfectant. |
| 3240 | 11055798 | These results suggest that although both of these cytokines are functionally related and participate in the induction of IFN gamma production as well as in cell-mediated immune cytotoxicity, in the murine sarcoma system only IL-12 is therapeutically active and exerts its therapeutic effect in concert with the IL-2 gene. |
| 3241 | 11055798 | Thus, intratumoral IL-2 gene transfer improves the therapeutic efficacy of IL-12; administration of recombinant IL-12 should therefore be considered as adjuvant in IL-2 gene therapy with irradiated, genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 3242 | 11055798 | Intratumoral IL-12 gene transfer improves the therapeutic efficacy of IL-12 but not IL-19. |
| 3243 | 11055798 | We have compared the therapeutic activity of IL-12 and IL-18 in mice carrying IL-2 gene-transduced syngeneic sarcoma Mc12. |
| 3244 | 11055798 | Murine recombinant IL-12 was capable of suppressing growth of the IL-2 gene-modified sarcoma Mc12 in syngeneic mice more efficiently than growth of the parental Mc12 sarcoma. |
| 3245 | 11055798 | In contrast, murine recombinant IL-18 could neither inhibit growth of the parental Mc12 sarcoma, nor suppress growth of its IL-2 gene-modified transfectant. |
| 3246 | 11055798 | These results suggest that although both of these cytokines are functionally related and participate in the induction of IFN gamma production as well as in cell-mediated immune cytotoxicity, in the murine sarcoma system only IL-12 is therapeutically active and exerts its therapeutic effect in concert with the IL-2 gene. |
| 3247 | 11055798 | Thus, intratumoral IL-2 gene transfer improves the therapeutic efficacy of IL-12; administration of recombinant IL-12 should therefore be considered as adjuvant in IL-2 gene therapy with irradiated, genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 3248 | 11055798 | Intratumoral IL-12 gene transfer improves the therapeutic efficacy of IL-12 but not IL-19. |
| 3249 | 11055798 | We have compared the therapeutic activity of IL-12 and IL-18 in mice carrying IL-2 gene-transduced syngeneic sarcoma Mc12. |
| 3250 | 11055798 | Murine recombinant IL-12 was capable of suppressing growth of the IL-2 gene-modified sarcoma Mc12 in syngeneic mice more efficiently than growth of the parental Mc12 sarcoma. |
| 3251 | 11055798 | In contrast, murine recombinant IL-18 could neither inhibit growth of the parental Mc12 sarcoma, nor suppress growth of its IL-2 gene-modified transfectant. |
| 3252 | 11055798 | These results suggest that although both of these cytokines are functionally related and participate in the induction of IFN gamma production as well as in cell-mediated immune cytotoxicity, in the murine sarcoma system only IL-12 is therapeutically active and exerts its therapeutic effect in concert with the IL-2 gene. |
| 3253 | 11055798 | Thus, intratumoral IL-2 gene transfer improves the therapeutic efficacy of IL-12; administration of recombinant IL-12 should therefore be considered as adjuvant in IL-2 gene therapy with irradiated, genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 3254 | 11055798 | Intratumoral IL-12 gene transfer improves the therapeutic efficacy of IL-12 but not IL-19. |
| 3255 | 11055798 | We have compared the therapeutic activity of IL-12 and IL-18 in mice carrying IL-2 gene-transduced syngeneic sarcoma Mc12. |
| 3256 | 11055798 | Murine recombinant IL-12 was capable of suppressing growth of the IL-2 gene-modified sarcoma Mc12 in syngeneic mice more efficiently than growth of the parental Mc12 sarcoma. |
| 3257 | 11055798 | In contrast, murine recombinant IL-18 could neither inhibit growth of the parental Mc12 sarcoma, nor suppress growth of its IL-2 gene-modified transfectant. |
| 3258 | 11055798 | These results suggest that although both of these cytokines are functionally related and participate in the induction of IFN gamma production as well as in cell-mediated immune cytotoxicity, in the murine sarcoma system only IL-12 is therapeutically active and exerts its therapeutic effect in concert with the IL-2 gene. |
| 3259 | 11055798 | Thus, intratumoral IL-2 gene transfer improves the therapeutic efficacy of IL-12; administration of recombinant IL-12 should therefore be considered as adjuvant in IL-2 gene therapy with irradiated, genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 3260 | 11055798 | Intratumoral IL-12 gene transfer improves the therapeutic efficacy of IL-12 but not IL-19. |
| 3261 | 11055798 | We have compared the therapeutic activity of IL-12 and IL-18 in mice carrying IL-2 gene-transduced syngeneic sarcoma Mc12. |
| 3262 | 11055798 | Murine recombinant IL-12 was capable of suppressing growth of the IL-2 gene-modified sarcoma Mc12 in syngeneic mice more efficiently than growth of the parental Mc12 sarcoma. |
| 3263 | 11055798 | In contrast, murine recombinant IL-18 could neither inhibit growth of the parental Mc12 sarcoma, nor suppress growth of its IL-2 gene-modified transfectant. |
| 3264 | 11055798 | These results suggest that although both of these cytokines are functionally related and participate in the induction of IFN gamma production as well as in cell-mediated immune cytotoxicity, in the murine sarcoma system only IL-12 is therapeutically active and exerts its therapeutic effect in concert with the IL-2 gene. |
| 3265 | 11055798 | Thus, intratumoral IL-2 gene transfer improves the therapeutic efficacy of IL-12; administration of recombinant IL-12 should therefore be considered as adjuvant in IL-2 gene therapy with irradiated, genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 3266 | 11059695 | In vitro coculture of spleen cells from B16/ssIL-1beta vaccinated animals and wt B16 cells induced an enhanced proliferative response, which correlated with elevated production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma. |
| 3267 | 11075550 | Expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but not of IL-10, was detected in INMD-stimulated alveolar macrophages. |
| 3268 | 11075550 | Stimulated PBMC expressed IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 and secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 3269 | 11092043 | Patients treated with repeated injections of a polyvalent melanoma vaccine (PMV), interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha 2b) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) were followed during treatment duration. |
| 3270 | 11092043 | Before treatment, patients treated with PMV or IFN-alpha 2b had comparable low MIA concentrations, whereas most IL-2-treated patients had higher MIA levels. |
| 3271 | 11092043 | At the end of treatment, MIA concentrations were higher in patients with progressive disease (PD) than in patients with no clinical evidence of melanoma (NPD) for PMV, IFN-alpha 2b or IL-2 therapy (3.7 +/- 0.2 vs 11.5 +/- 5.4 ng/ml, 3.8 +/- 0.2 vs 8.3 +/- 1.7 ng/ml, and 2.3 +/- 0.7 vs 20.2 +/- 7.4 ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.05). |
| 3272 | 11092043 | For PMV- and IFN-alpha 2b-treated patients, a rise in MIA levels occurred significantly earlier than clinical diagnosis of melanoma recurrence. |
| 3273 | 11092043 | Patients treated with repeated injections of a polyvalent melanoma vaccine (PMV), interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha 2b) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) were followed during treatment duration. |
| 3274 | 11092043 | Before treatment, patients treated with PMV or IFN-alpha 2b had comparable low MIA concentrations, whereas most IL-2-treated patients had higher MIA levels. |
| 3275 | 11092043 | At the end of treatment, MIA concentrations were higher in patients with progressive disease (PD) than in patients with no clinical evidence of melanoma (NPD) for PMV, IFN-alpha 2b or IL-2 therapy (3.7 +/- 0.2 vs 11.5 +/- 5.4 ng/ml, 3.8 +/- 0.2 vs 8.3 +/- 1.7 ng/ml, and 2.3 +/- 0.7 vs 20.2 +/- 7.4 ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.05). |
| 3276 | 11092043 | For PMV- and IFN-alpha 2b-treated patients, a rise in MIA levels occurred significantly earlier than clinical diagnosis of melanoma recurrence. |
| 3277 | 11092043 | Patients treated with repeated injections of a polyvalent melanoma vaccine (PMV), interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha 2b) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) were followed during treatment duration. |
| 3278 | 11092043 | Before treatment, patients treated with PMV or IFN-alpha 2b had comparable low MIA concentrations, whereas most IL-2-treated patients had higher MIA levels. |
| 3279 | 11092043 | At the end of treatment, MIA concentrations were higher in patients with progressive disease (PD) than in patients with no clinical evidence of melanoma (NPD) for PMV, IFN-alpha 2b or IL-2 therapy (3.7 +/- 0.2 vs 11.5 +/- 5.4 ng/ml, 3.8 +/- 0.2 vs 8.3 +/- 1.7 ng/ml, and 2.3 +/- 0.7 vs 20.2 +/- 7.4 ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.05). |
| 3280 | 11092043 | For PMV- and IFN-alpha 2b-treated patients, a rise in MIA levels occurred significantly earlier than clinical diagnosis of melanoma recurrence. |
| 3281 | 11106257 | Induction of antitumor immunity with combination of HER2/neu DNA vaccine and interleukin 2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 3282 | 11106257 | Cytokine-secreting MBT-2 cells were obtained by infecting cells with retroviral particles containing interleukin (IL) 2-, IL-4-, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expression vector. |
| 3283 | 11106257 | MBT-2-IL-2, -IL-4, and -GM-CSF cells were killed by irradiation and tested as tumor vaccines. |
| 3284 | 11106257 | On the other hand, irradiated MBT-2-IL-4 and MBT-2-GM-CSF cells were less effective. |
| 3285 | 11106257 | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor infiltrate revealed massive increase of CD4+ lymphoid cells in the group of mice treated with both DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreted tumor vaccine. |
| 3286 | 11106257 | The results indicate the combination of DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreting tumor vaccine can additionally improve therapeutic efficacy, and the efficacy is correlated with the increase of CD4+ T lymphocytes and anti-neu antibody. |
| 3287 | 11106257 | Induction of antitumor immunity with combination of HER2/neu DNA vaccine and interleukin 2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 3288 | 11106257 | Cytokine-secreting MBT-2 cells were obtained by infecting cells with retroviral particles containing interleukin (IL) 2-, IL-4-, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expression vector. |
| 3289 | 11106257 | MBT-2-IL-2, -IL-4, and -GM-CSF cells were killed by irradiation and tested as tumor vaccines. |
| 3290 | 11106257 | On the other hand, irradiated MBT-2-IL-4 and MBT-2-GM-CSF cells were less effective. |
| 3291 | 11106257 | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor infiltrate revealed massive increase of CD4+ lymphoid cells in the group of mice treated with both DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreted tumor vaccine. |
| 3292 | 11106257 | The results indicate the combination of DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreting tumor vaccine can additionally improve therapeutic efficacy, and the efficacy is correlated with the increase of CD4+ T lymphocytes and anti-neu antibody. |
| 3293 | 11106257 | Induction of antitumor immunity with combination of HER2/neu DNA vaccine and interleukin 2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 3294 | 11106257 | Cytokine-secreting MBT-2 cells were obtained by infecting cells with retroviral particles containing interleukin (IL) 2-, IL-4-, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expression vector. |
| 3295 | 11106257 | MBT-2-IL-2, -IL-4, and -GM-CSF cells were killed by irradiation and tested as tumor vaccines. |
| 3296 | 11106257 | On the other hand, irradiated MBT-2-IL-4 and MBT-2-GM-CSF cells were less effective. |
| 3297 | 11106257 | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor infiltrate revealed massive increase of CD4+ lymphoid cells in the group of mice treated with both DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreted tumor vaccine. |
| 3298 | 11106257 | The results indicate the combination of DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreting tumor vaccine can additionally improve therapeutic efficacy, and the efficacy is correlated with the increase of CD4+ T lymphocytes and anti-neu antibody. |
| 3299 | 11106257 | Induction of antitumor immunity with combination of HER2/neu DNA vaccine and interleukin 2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 3300 | 11106257 | Cytokine-secreting MBT-2 cells were obtained by infecting cells with retroviral particles containing interleukin (IL) 2-, IL-4-, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expression vector. |
| 3301 | 11106257 | MBT-2-IL-2, -IL-4, and -GM-CSF cells were killed by irradiation and tested as tumor vaccines. |
| 3302 | 11106257 | On the other hand, irradiated MBT-2-IL-4 and MBT-2-GM-CSF cells were less effective. |
| 3303 | 11106257 | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor infiltrate revealed massive increase of CD4+ lymphoid cells in the group of mice treated with both DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreted tumor vaccine. |
| 3304 | 11106257 | The results indicate the combination of DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreting tumor vaccine can additionally improve therapeutic efficacy, and the efficacy is correlated with the increase of CD4+ T lymphocytes and anti-neu antibody. |
| 3305 | 11106257 | Induction of antitumor immunity with combination of HER2/neu DNA vaccine and interleukin 2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 3306 | 11106257 | Cytokine-secreting MBT-2 cells were obtained by infecting cells with retroviral particles containing interleukin (IL) 2-, IL-4-, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expression vector. |
| 3307 | 11106257 | MBT-2-IL-2, -IL-4, and -GM-CSF cells were killed by irradiation and tested as tumor vaccines. |
| 3308 | 11106257 | On the other hand, irradiated MBT-2-IL-4 and MBT-2-GM-CSF cells were less effective. |
| 3309 | 11106257 | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor infiltrate revealed massive increase of CD4+ lymphoid cells in the group of mice treated with both DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreted tumor vaccine. |
| 3310 | 11106257 | The results indicate the combination of DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreting tumor vaccine can additionally improve therapeutic efficacy, and the efficacy is correlated with the increase of CD4+ T lymphocytes and anti-neu antibody. |
| 3311 | 11106942 | This is a simple method that allows reliable determination of the differing regulation of cytokine mRNAs specific for porcine interleukin (IL)-2, -4 and -10, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and the housekeeping gene, GAPDH, as an endogenous control. |
| 3312 | 11106942 | The results demonstrated that restimulation with PRV significantly enhanced the transcription of Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). |
| 3313 | 11106942 | Notably, PBMC derived from immune and naive pigs constitutively produced relatively high amounts of IL-10-specific mRNA, exceeding that of GAPDH mRNA, independently of the addition of viral antigen or the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). |
| 3314 | 11106942 | This is a simple method that allows reliable determination of the differing regulation of cytokine mRNAs specific for porcine interleukin (IL)-2, -4 and -10, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and the housekeeping gene, GAPDH, as an endogenous control. |
| 3315 | 11106942 | The results demonstrated that restimulation with PRV significantly enhanced the transcription of Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). |
| 3316 | 11106942 | Notably, PBMC derived from immune and naive pigs constitutively produced relatively high amounts of IL-10-specific mRNA, exceeding that of GAPDH mRNA, independently of the addition of viral antigen or the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). |
| 3317 | 11118387 | T helper type 1 (Th1) lymphocytes secrete secrete interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma, and lymphotoxin-alpha and stimulate type 1 immunity, which is characterized by intense phagocytic activity. |
| 3318 | 11118387 | Conversely, Th2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 and stimulate type 2 immunity, which is characterized by high antibody titers. |
| 3319 | 11122109 | In these five patients, detection of cytokines by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was the most abundant cytokine gene expressed by the T cells that recognized the autologous tumour B cells. |
| 3320 | 11122109 | Other activated cytokine genes were gamma-interferon (IFN), interleukin (IL)-2 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not IL-4. |
| 3321 | 11122109 | CD80 and CD54 were relatively downregulated on the native tumour B cells compared with control normal B cells. |
| 3322 | 11122109 | CD80 and CD54 monoclonal antibodies inhibited the specific T-cell DNA synthesis proliferation. |
| 3323 | 11122109 | The specific cytokine gene expression could be found in isolated CD4, as well as CD8, T-cell subsets. |
| 3324 | 11122109 | This study demonstrated the presence of a potential natural specific CD4, as well as a CD8 type 1 T-cell immunity against the leukaemic CLL tumour B cells in CLL. |
| 3325 | 11122456 | Polymophonuclear cells (PMN) of healthy donors do not express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens or the T-cell costimulatory molecules CD80 or CD86. |
| 3326 | 11122456 | We now report that, by culturing PMN of healthy donors with autologous serum, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), de novo synthesis of MHC class II, CD80 and CD86 could be induced. |
| 3327 | 11122456 | MHC class II-positive PMN acquired the capacity to present staphylococcus enterotoxin to peripheral T cells, apparent as induction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis and proliferation of the T cells. |
| 3328 | 11122838 | In general, other cytokines (eg, interleukin-2 or interleukin-12) may ultimately be best utilized as regulators of the immune response in the context of an overall immunotherapeutic approach. |
| 3329 | 11128522 | Culture supernatants of splenocytes from immune DBA/2 mice, which were stimulated with crude C. ruminantium antigens or recombinant major antigenic proteins 1 or 2, contained significant levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-6, but insignificant levels of IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), and nitric oxide. |
| 3330 | 11131151 | To this end, allogeneic T cells were stimulated with CD80-expressing HeLa cells or CaSki cells in the absence or presence of IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, or combinations thereof. |
| 3331 | 11131151 | IL-2 or IL-7 had stronger effects in expanding the T cells than IL-12. |
| 3332 | 11131151 | Combination of IL-2 and IL-7 resulted in best T cell expansion. |
| 3333 | 11131151 | Stimulation with CD80 alone or in combination with IL-7 induced mainly cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 3334 | 11131151 | IL-2, IL-12 or the combination of IL-2 and IL-7 induced natural killer cell-like activity and specific cytolytic activity against parental and CD80-positive tumor cells. |
| 3335 | 11131151 | Our data suggest that the expression of both CD80 and IL-2 plus IL-7 can enhance the efficacy of tumor vaccines. |
| 3336 | 11131151 | To this end, allogeneic T cells were stimulated with CD80-expressing HeLa cells or CaSki cells in the absence or presence of IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, or combinations thereof. |
| 3337 | 11131151 | IL-2 or IL-7 had stronger effects in expanding the T cells than IL-12. |
| 3338 | 11131151 | Combination of IL-2 and IL-7 resulted in best T cell expansion. |
| 3339 | 11131151 | Stimulation with CD80 alone or in combination with IL-7 induced mainly cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 3340 | 11131151 | IL-2, IL-12 or the combination of IL-2 and IL-7 induced natural killer cell-like activity and specific cytolytic activity against parental and CD80-positive tumor cells. |
| 3341 | 11131151 | Our data suggest that the expression of both CD80 and IL-2 plus IL-7 can enhance the efficacy of tumor vaccines. |
| 3342 | 11131151 | To this end, allogeneic T cells were stimulated with CD80-expressing HeLa cells or CaSki cells in the absence or presence of IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, or combinations thereof. |
| 3343 | 11131151 | IL-2 or IL-7 had stronger effects in expanding the T cells than IL-12. |
| 3344 | 11131151 | Combination of IL-2 and IL-7 resulted in best T cell expansion. |
| 3345 | 11131151 | Stimulation with CD80 alone or in combination with IL-7 induced mainly cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 3346 | 11131151 | IL-2, IL-12 or the combination of IL-2 and IL-7 induced natural killer cell-like activity and specific cytolytic activity against parental and CD80-positive tumor cells. |
| 3347 | 11131151 | Our data suggest that the expression of both CD80 and IL-2 plus IL-7 can enhance the efficacy of tumor vaccines. |
| 3348 | 11131151 | To this end, allogeneic T cells were stimulated with CD80-expressing HeLa cells or CaSki cells in the absence or presence of IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, or combinations thereof. |
| 3349 | 11131151 | IL-2 or IL-7 had stronger effects in expanding the T cells than IL-12. |
| 3350 | 11131151 | Combination of IL-2 and IL-7 resulted in best T cell expansion. |
| 3351 | 11131151 | Stimulation with CD80 alone or in combination with IL-7 induced mainly cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 3352 | 11131151 | IL-2, IL-12 or the combination of IL-2 and IL-7 induced natural killer cell-like activity and specific cytolytic activity against parental and CD80-positive tumor cells. |
| 3353 | 11131151 | Our data suggest that the expression of both CD80 and IL-2 plus IL-7 can enhance the efficacy of tumor vaccines. |
| 3354 | 11131151 | To this end, allogeneic T cells were stimulated with CD80-expressing HeLa cells or CaSki cells in the absence or presence of IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, or combinations thereof. |
| 3355 | 11131151 | IL-2 or IL-7 had stronger effects in expanding the T cells than IL-12. |
| 3356 | 11131151 | Combination of IL-2 and IL-7 resulted in best T cell expansion. |
| 3357 | 11131151 | Stimulation with CD80 alone or in combination with IL-7 induced mainly cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 3358 | 11131151 | IL-2, IL-12 or the combination of IL-2 and IL-7 induced natural killer cell-like activity and specific cytolytic activity against parental and CD80-positive tumor cells. |
| 3359 | 11131151 | Our data suggest that the expression of both CD80 and IL-2 plus IL-7 can enhance the efficacy of tumor vaccines. |
| 3360 | 11135687 | [Relationship between interleukin-2, interleukin-2 receptor and the non-and hypo-responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine]. |
| 3361 | 11137237 | Gene gun delivery of DNA-F elicited a T helper-2 (Th2) biased immune response that could not be modulated by the co-delivery of plasmids encoding IL-2, IL-12 or IFNgamma. |
| 3362 | 11137237 | Thus, all gene gun vaccinated mice produced a predominant Th2 biased pulmonary immune response characterised by the production of IL-4 and IL-5 with little IFNgamma following RSV challenge. |
| 3363 | 11145714 | Mutations in the common gamma-chain (gamma(c)) of cytokine receptors, including those for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15, are responsible for an X-linked form of the disease, while mutations of several other genes, including Janus-associated kinase-3, may cause autosomal recessive forms of SCID. |
| 3364 | 11145714 | We report here that a homozygous 6-bp deletion in the gene encoding CD45 (PTPRC, gene map locus 1q31-32), which results in a loss of glutamic acid 339 and tyrosine 340 in the first fibronectin type III module of the extracellular domain of CD45, is associated with failure of surface expression of CD45 and SCID. |
| 3365 | 11150544 | We demonstrated significant correlations of cytokine mRNA and protein expression for TNF alpha, IL10, and IFN gamma. |
| 3366 | 11150544 | Expression of IL2 mRNA at 16 h was correlated with proliferation indices at 96 h whereas IL4 mRNA levels were negatively correlated. |
| 3367 | 11152488 | Partial activation and induction of apoptosis in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes by conformationally authentic noninfectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1. |
| 3368 | 11152488 | Noninfectious CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 virions, but not microvesicles, partially activated freshly isolated CD4(+) and CD8(+) peripheral blood mononuclear cell T lymphocytes to express FasL and Fas, but not CD69 or CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor alpha) and eventually die via apoptosis starting 4 to 6 days postexposure. |
| 3369 | 11155821 | Vaccination with a mixed vaccine of autogenous and allogeneic breast cancer cells and tumor associated antigens CA15-3, CEA and CA125--results in immune and clinical responses in breast cancer patients. |
| 3370 | 11155821 | In this study, we used a multi-antigen vaccine, which included the following antigens: autologous breast cancer cells (AUTOC), allogeneic breast cancer MCF-7 cells (ALLOC), and the tumor associated antigens CA15-3, CEA and CA125, plus low doses of granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 2 (IL-2). |
| 3371 | 11155821 | Their lymphocyte proliferative responses to AUTOC, ALLOC, CA15-3, CEA and CA125 were tested in lymphocyte blastogenesis assays (LBA) before and after vaccination. |
| 3372 | 11155821 | The disease stage and serum CA15-3, CEA and CA125 concentrations were also determined pre- and post-vaccination. |
| 3373 | 11155821 | The vaccine induced a significant increase in post-vaccination lymphocyte proliferative responses to AUTOC, CA15-3, CEA and CA125 but not ALLOC, compared to pre-vaccination (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p > 0.05, respectively, a paired t Test). |
| 3374 | 11155821 | We did not find vaccination significantly reduced serum tumor markers CA15-3, CEA and CA125 of these breast cancer patients. |
| 3375 | 11155821 | These results suggest that the vaccine mixture of autologous and allogeneic breast cancer cells and tumor associated antigens plus GM-CSF and IL-2 can be administered safely to breast cancer patients and there is evidence for improved immunity and clinical efficacy. |
| 3376 | 11155821 | Vaccination with a mixed vaccine of autogenous and allogeneic breast cancer cells and tumor associated antigens CA15-3, CEA and CA125--results in immune and clinical responses in breast cancer patients. |
| 3377 | 11155821 | In this study, we used a multi-antigen vaccine, which included the following antigens: autologous breast cancer cells (AUTOC), allogeneic breast cancer MCF-7 cells (ALLOC), and the tumor associated antigens CA15-3, CEA and CA125, plus low doses of granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 2 (IL-2). |
| 3378 | 11155821 | Their lymphocyte proliferative responses to AUTOC, ALLOC, CA15-3, CEA and CA125 were tested in lymphocyte blastogenesis assays (LBA) before and after vaccination. |
| 3379 | 11155821 | The disease stage and serum CA15-3, CEA and CA125 concentrations were also determined pre- and post-vaccination. |
| 3380 | 11155821 | The vaccine induced a significant increase in post-vaccination lymphocyte proliferative responses to AUTOC, CA15-3, CEA and CA125 but not ALLOC, compared to pre-vaccination (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p > 0.05, respectively, a paired t Test). |
| 3381 | 11155821 | We did not find vaccination significantly reduced serum tumor markers CA15-3, CEA and CA125 of these breast cancer patients. |
| 3382 | 11155821 | These results suggest that the vaccine mixture of autologous and allogeneic breast cancer cells and tumor associated antigens plus GM-CSF and IL-2 can be administered safely to breast cancer patients and there is evidence for improved immunity and clinical efficacy. |
| 3383 | 11166908 | The data showed a concomitant expression of interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon-gamma in PBMC of vaccinated foxes. |
| 3384 | 11166908 | No change was detected in the level of IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12 synthesis, whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha seemed involved in the activation of naive T lymphocytes. |
| 3385 | 11176044 | IL-2 is also being tested in conjunction with vaccines, activated immune cells, and other biologic response modifiers (including IL-12). |
| 3386 | 11179329 | Postvaccination cytokine responses to CT-B were characterized by transient increases in the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2; P = 0.02) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma; P = 0.001) in the three study groups combined; however, postvaccination increases in IFN-gamma were significant only in the albendazole-treated A. lumbricoides infection group (P = 0.008). |
| 3387 | 11179329 | These findings indicate that vaccination with CVD 103-HgR is associated with a Th1 cytokine response (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) to CT-B, that infection with A. lumbricoides diminishes the magnitude of this response, and that albendazole treatment prior to vaccination was able to partially reverse the deficit in IL-2. |
| 3388 | 11179329 | Postvaccination cytokine responses to CT-B were characterized by transient increases in the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2; P = 0.02) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma; P = 0.001) in the three study groups combined; however, postvaccination increases in IFN-gamma were significant only in the albendazole-treated A. lumbricoides infection group (P = 0.008). |
| 3389 | 11179329 | These findings indicate that vaccination with CVD 103-HgR is associated with a Th1 cytokine response (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) to CT-B, that infection with A. lumbricoides diminishes the magnitude of this response, and that albendazole treatment prior to vaccination was able to partially reverse the deficit in IL-2. |
| 3390 | 11179334 | Gamma interferon and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by splenocytes and IL-2 production by mesenteric lymph node cells were observed in vitro after antigen restimulation, underlying a Th1-like response. |
| 3391 | 11196691 | Cytokines such as IL-2, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 have been used to enhance CTL activity while IL-5, IL-6 and the chemokine MIP-1 alpha have shown the capacity to increase IgA responses to vaccines. |
| 3392 | 11198480 | In vivo electroporation of plasmids encoding GM-CSF or interleukin-2 into existing B16 melanomas combined with electrochemotherapy induces long-term antitumour immunity. |
| 3393 | 11198480 | Although in vivo electroporation enhances plasmid expression, electroporation of plasmids encoding granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL2) into B16 mouse melanomas did not significantly alter tumour growth at the concentration tested. |
| 3394 | 11198480 | In vivo electroporation of plasmids encoding GM-CSF or interleukin-2 into existing B16 melanomas combined with electrochemotherapy induces long-term antitumour immunity. |
| 3395 | 11198480 | Although in vivo electroporation enhances plasmid expression, electroporation of plasmids encoding granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL2) into B16 mouse melanomas did not significantly alter tumour growth at the concentration tested. |
| 3396 | 11217546 | This phase corresponds to early release of so-called inflammatory cytokines (IL1, IL6, IL8). |
| 3397 | 11217546 | The second phase consists of recognition of bacterial antigens by helper CD4 lymphocytes, which mainly release IL2 and IFNg (Th1 response). |
| 3398 | 11237823 | Vaccination of control subjects and HIV patients induced increases in production of interleukin-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, but not of IFN-alpha. |
| 3399 | 11239443 | Contrasting roles of IL-2 and IL-15 in the life and death of lymphocytes: implications for immunotherapy. |
| 3400 | 11248361 | Prophylactic administration of HSV-2 ISCOM vaccine to mice elicits local antibody detectable in nasal washings, serum antibody and the presence of cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 in supernatants from spleen cell cultures stimulated in vitro with HSV-2 antigens. |
| 3401 | 11248361 | Treatment of HSV-2 infected mice with the HSV-2 ISCOM vaccine also induces higher levels of the cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4, in in vitro stimulated spleen cell cultures. |
| 3402 | 11248361 | Prophylactic administration of HSV-2 ISCOM vaccine to mice elicits local antibody detectable in nasal washings, serum antibody and the presence of cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 in supernatants from spleen cell cultures stimulated in vitro with HSV-2 antigens. |
| 3403 | 11248361 | Treatment of HSV-2 infected mice with the HSV-2 ISCOM vaccine also induces higher levels of the cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4, in in vitro stimulated spleen cell cultures. |
| 3404 | 11249647 | Transgene has developed VV-MUC1-IL-2 (TG-1031), an antigen-specific therapy, involving the tumor antigen MUC1 and the cytokine IL-2 combined with a vaccinia virus vector. |
| 3405 | 11249725 | The introduction of IL-2 reverses the T-cell suppression caused by MUC-1 mucin, and enhances the cellular immune response > 100-fold. |
| 3406 | 11249734 | Application of PCR and immunohistochemistry in post-treatment tumor biopsies detected the IL-2 plasmid in addition to increased IL-2 expression in tumor cells and CD8 infiltration. |
| 3407 | 11257383 | Modulation of antigen-specific cellular immune responses to DNA vaccination in rhesus macaques through the use of IL-2, IFN-gamma, or IL-4 gene adjuvants. |
| 3408 | 11257383 | We co-immunized rhesus macaques with expression plasmids encoding for IL-2, IFN-gamma or IL-4 cytokines along with the DNA vaccine constructs encoding for HIV env/rev (pCEnv) and SIV gag/pol (pCSGag/pol) proteins. |
| 3409 | 11257383 | We observed that coadministration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma cDNA resulted in enhancement of antigen-specific T cell-mediated immune responses. |
| 3410 | 11257383 | Modulation of antigen-specific cellular immune responses to DNA vaccination in rhesus macaques through the use of IL-2, IFN-gamma, or IL-4 gene adjuvants. |
| 3411 | 11257383 | We co-immunized rhesus macaques with expression plasmids encoding for IL-2, IFN-gamma or IL-4 cytokines along with the DNA vaccine constructs encoding for HIV env/rev (pCEnv) and SIV gag/pol (pCSGag/pol) proteins. |
| 3412 | 11257383 | We observed that coadministration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma cDNA resulted in enhancement of antigen-specific T cell-mediated immune responses. |
| 3413 | 11257383 | Modulation of antigen-specific cellular immune responses to DNA vaccination in rhesus macaques through the use of IL-2, IFN-gamma, or IL-4 gene adjuvants. |
| 3414 | 11257383 | We co-immunized rhesus macaques with expression plasmids encoding for IL-2, IFN-gamma or IL-4 cytokines along with the DNA vaccine constructs encoding for HIV env/rev (pCEnv) and SIV gag/pol (pCSGag/pol) proteins. |
| 3415 | 11257383 | We observed that coadministration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma cDNA resulted in enhancement of antigen-specific T cell-mediated immune responses. |
| 3416 | 11260324 | In order to address this issue a murine melanoma cell line (K1735) was transfected to secrete interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); cytokines currently in use in trials. |
| 3417 | 11260324 | Anti-tumour cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity was detected in both models but did not correlate well with protection, whilst in vitro anti-tumour interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion tended to be higher following the GM-CSF-secreting vaccine. |
| 3418 | 11267967 | We have found evidence of the anti-tumor effects of 3 major lymphocyte-specific chemokines, secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC), EBI-1-ligand chemokine (ELC) and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1alpha, in murine models (Meth A fibrosarcoma and HM-1 ovarian tumor). |
| 3419 | 11267967 | In both naive and immunized mice, tumors expressing SLC, ELC or SDF-1alpha showed delayed progression compared with control tumors. |
| 3420 | 11267967 | In mice immunized with tumor cells expressing 1 of these 3 chemokine genes, challenge with parental tumor cells resulted in slightly slower progression than in control mice, while in mice immunized with tumor cells transfected to co-express IL-2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as well as these chemokines, all tumors regressed. |
| 3421 | 11267967 | These findings show that SLC, ELC and SDF-1alpha enhance anti-tumor immunity both systemically and locally and that these chemokines may be clinically useful, especially when combined with IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 3422 | 11267967 | We have found evidence of the anti-tumor effects of 3 major lymphocyte-specific chemokines, secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC), EBI-1-ligand chemokine (ELC) and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1alpha, in murine models (Meth A fibrosarcoma and HM-1 ovarian tumor). |
| 3423 | 11267967 | In both naive and immunized mice, tumors expressing SLC, ELC or SDF-1alpha showed delayed progression compared with control tumors. |
| 3424 | 11267967 | In mice immunized with tumor cells expressing 1 of these 3 chemokine genes, challenge with parental tumor cells resulted in slightly slower progression than in control mice, while in mice immunized with tumor cells transfected to co-express IL-2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as well as these chemokines, all tumors regressed. |
| 3425 | 11267967 | These findings show that SLC, ELC and SDF-1alpha enhance anti-tumor immunity both systemically and locally and that these chemokines may be clinically useful, especially when combined with IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 3426 | 11269272 | These studies showed a significant increase in the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 message in the skin in areas of cercarial penetration. |
| 3427 | 11269272 | The IL-4 message was detectable in the skin as early as 8 h after infection and the message for IL-10 appeared from 16 h after infection. |
| 3428 | 11269272 | In sharp contrast, vaccination with irradiated cercariae induced IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses in the skin within 24 h. |
| 3429 | 11269272 | Analysis of the cytokine profile of cells isolated from the skin during these early time points showed that T cells are probably not a source of IL-4 or IL-10 in the skin of mice infected with normal cercariae. |
| 3430 | 11269272 | Analysis of the CD4/CD8 ratio showed a significant decrease in the skin following vaccination suggesting an increase in CD8+ cells. |
| 3431 | 11282190 | Intramuscular injection of mixed DNA constructs encoding for HIV-1 Gag, Tat and Nef proteins, co-administered with the DNA encoding for interleukin-18 (IL-18) have been used. |
| 3432 | 11282190 | It was demonstrated that at least two DNA immunizations were necessary to generate virus specific Th-1 responses detected by the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and by the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 and IL-10, in antigen-stimulated splenocyte cultures. |
| 3433 | 11282190 | Interestingly, co-delivery of Th-1-inducing IL-18 gene was able to shorten by 2 weeks, the CTL induction time, and to increase the antigen-induced secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 3434 | 11282190 | Intramuscular injection of mixed DNA constructs encoding for HIV-1 Gag, Tat and Nef proteins, co-administered with the DNA encoding for interleukin-18 (IL-18) have been used. |
| 3435 | 11282190 | It was demonstrated that at least two DNA immunizations were necessary to generate virus specific Th-1 responses detected by the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and by the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 and IL-10, in antigen-stimulated splenocyte cultures. |
| 3436 | 11282190 | Interestingly, co-delivery of Th-1-inducing IL-18 gene was able to shorten by 2 weeks, the CTL induction time, and to increase the antigen-induced secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 3437 | 11282983 | Using mAb to trigger CD2 and CD28 co-stimulatory molecules, we found that such dual co-stimulation of LT-T induces profound and sustained responses including CD25 expression, IL-2 secretion and proliferation. |
| 3438 | 11282983 | Blocking studies demonstrated that optimal proliferation was critically dependent on co-stimulation via CD2 and CD28 engaged by their ligands on the APC. |
| 3439 | 11282986 | Differential effect of CD8(+) and CD8(-) dendritic cells in the stimulation of secondary CD4(+) T cells. |
| 3440 | 11282986 | Subsets of mature murine DC isolated directly from the spleen have been shown to differ in their ability to induce proliferative responses in both primary CD4(+) and primary CD8(+) T cells; the myeloid-related CD8alpha(-) DC induce a more intense or prolonged proliferation of naive T cells than do the lymphoid-related DC bearing CD8alpha despite similar expression of MHC and co-stimulatory molecules. |
| 3441 | 11282986 | We show that influenza virus-specific CD4(+) T cell clones and splenic T cells from peptide-primed animals proliferated in response to antigen presented by separated splenic CD8(-) DC. |
| 3442 | 11282986 | The differential between the two DC types in inducing proliferation was even more pronounced than previously seen with primary T cells and did not reflect differential longevity of the DC in culture, altered response kinetics or deviation from IL-2 to IL-4 induction with CD8(+) DC, but was related to the levels of IL-2 induced. |
| 3443 | 11282986 | These results show that lymphoid-related CD8(+) splenic DC, despite their mature phenotype, fail to provide appropriate signals to secondary CD4(+) T cells to sustain their proliferation. |
| 3444 | 11292314 | Chicken interleukin 2 (chIL-2) has low, but significant, homology to both mammalian IL-2 and mammalian IL-15. |
| 3445 | 11292314 | It was found that Asp17 is a critical N terminal contact site for binding to the putative chIL-2 receptor, which is similar to results obtained for mammalian IL-2 and IL-15. |
| 3446 | 11292314 | Chicken interleukin 2 (chIL-2) has low, but significant, homology to both mammalian IL-2 and mammalian IL-15. |
| 3447 | 11292314 | It was found that Asp17 is a critical N terminal contact site for binding to the putative chIL-2 receptor, which is similar to results obtained for mammalian IL-2 and IL-15. |
| 3448 | 11292722 | Injection of Ag85 DNA-primed mice with 30 to 100 microg of purified Ag85 protein in adjuvant increased the interleukin-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) response in spleen two- to fourfold. |
| 3449 | 11292752 | Nasal and IPP immunization groups had increased cytokine expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-5 and differed from each other for IL-6. |
| 3450 | 11294562 | Thus, for the first time, we show monoclonal or oligoclonal expansion of primary human CD4- peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro in response to nominal protein antigen without manipulations utilizing exogenous IL-2. |
| 3451 | 11300487 | More specifically, coimmunization with interleukin (IL)-2 cDNA construct resulted in a significant enhancement of PSA-specific antibody responses in both mice and macaque models. |
| 3452 | 11300487 | In mice, the groups coimmunized with IL-2, IL-12, or IL-18 showed a dramatic increase in T helper cell proliferation over the results with pCPSA alone. |
| 3453 | 11300487 | More specifically, coimmunization with interleukin (IL)-2 cDNA construct resulted in a significant enhancement of PSA-specific antibody responses in both mice and macaque models. |
| 3454 | 11300487 | In mice, the groups coimmunized with IL-2, IL-12, or IL-18 showed a dramatic increase in T helper cell proliferation over the results with pCPSA alone. |
| 3455 | 11305184 | Promising treatment options are melanoma vaccines to obtain an efficient immunoresponse, the combination of chemotherapy with Interleukin (IL)-2 and Interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) as a way of improving response rates and survival. |
| 3456 | 11349047 | Heat-killed Brucella abortus (HBa) has been proposed as a carrier for therapeutic vaccines for individuals with immunodeficiency, due to its abilities to induce interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and to upregulate antigen-presenting cell functions (including IL-12 production). |
| 3457 | 11349047 | Among purified T cells, macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha and 1beta (MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta, respectively) secretion was observed primarily in human CD8(+) T cells. |
| 3458 | 11349047 | The majority of beta-chemokine-producing CD8(+) T cells also produced IFN-gamma following HBa stimulation, as determined by triple-color intracellular staining. |
| 3459 | 11349047 | A significant number of CD8(+) T cells contained stored MIP-1beta that was released after HBa stimulation. |
| 3460 | 11349047 | Both HBa and LPS-Ba stimulated high levels of MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta production in elutriated monocytes and even higher levels in macrophages. |
| 3461 | 11349067 | Influence of vector-encoded cytokines on anti-Salmonella immunity: divergent effects of interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. |
| 3462 | 11349067 | In the present study, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-expressing (GIDIL2) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-expressing (GIDTNF) strains were compared with the parent strain (BRD509) for the effect of cytokines on anti-Salmonella immunity. |
| 3463 | 11349067 | Influence of vector-encoded cytokines on anti-Salmonella immunity: divergent effects of interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. |
| 3464 | 11349067 | In the present study, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-expressing (GIDIL2) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-expressing (GIDTNF) strains were compared with the parent strain (BRD509) for the effect of cytokines on anti-Salmonella immunity. |
| 3465 | 11355944 | Zeta chain was significantly reduced on unstimulated CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ cells from patients in active disease compared with normal subjects. |
| 3466 | 11355944 | Co-stimulation with rIL-2 increased but did not normalize the proportions of CD4(+)/zeta(+), CD8(+)/zeta(+)and CD56(+)/zeta(+)cells and IL-2 production in active disease. |
| 3467 | 11355944 | Stimulation of cells from patients in clinical remission with anti-CD3(+)rIL-2 increased the proportion of CD8(+)zeta(+)cells and normalized IL-2 production levels. |
| 3468 | 11355944 | Zeta chain was significantly reduced on unstimulated CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ cells from patients in active disease compared with normal subjects. |
| 3469 | 11355944 | Co-stimulation with rIL-2 increased but did not normalize the proportions of CD4(+)/zeta(+), CD8(+)/zeta(+)and CD56(+)/zeta(+)cells and IL-2 production in active disease. |
| 3470 | 11355944 | Stimulation of cells from patients in clinical remission with anti-CD3(+)rIL-2 increased the proportion of CD8(+)zeta(+)cells and normalized IL-2 production levels. |
| 3471 | 11359364 | This state is due to the binding of HIV envelope glycoprotein moieties to CD4 molecules and chemokine receptors. |
| 3472 | 11359364 | This effect is exemplified by diminished production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma and reduced expression of IL-2 receptor by CD4 helper cells of HIV patients. |
| 3473 | 11369873 | Humoral and CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell responses to the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3 (NS3) protein: NS3 primes Th1-like responses more effectively as a DNA-based immunogen than as a recombinant protein. |
| 3474 | 11369873 | The non-structural 3 (NS3) protein is one of the most conserved proteins of hepatitis C virus, and T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses to NS3 in humans correlate with clearance of infection. |
| 3475 | 11369873 | Inbred mice were immunized twice in regenerating tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with either plasmid DNA or recombinant NS3 (rNS3). |
| 3476 | 11369873 | NS3-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in DNA-immunized mice peaked at day 13, as measured by proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 3477 | 11369873 | CD4(+) T cell responses in these mice showed peaks of IL-2 response at day 3 and IL-6 and IFN-gamma responses at day 6. |
| 3478 | 11369873 | However, as a DNA immunogen, NS3 elicits stronger Th1-like immune responses, whereas rNS3 primes a mixed Th1/Th2-like response regardless of the route, dose or adjuvant. |
| 3479 | 11369873 | Humoral and CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell responses to the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3 (NS3) protein: NS3 primes Th1-like responses more effectively as a DNA-based immunogen than as a recombinant protein. |
| 3480 | 11369873 | The non-structural 3 (NS3) protein is one of the most conserved proteins of hepatitis C virus, and T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses to NS3 in humans correlate with clearance of infection. |
| 3481 | 11369873 | Inbred mice were immunized twice in regenerating tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with either plasmid DNA or recombinant NS3 (rNS3). |
| 3482 | 11369873 | NS3-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in DNA-immunized mice peaked at day 13, as measured by proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 3483 | 11369873 | CD4(+) T cell responses in these mice showed peaks of IL-2 response at day 3 and IL-6 and IFN-gamma responses at day 6. |
| 3484 | 11369873 | However, as a DNA immunogen, NS3 elicits stronger Th1-like immune responses, whereas rNS3 primes a mixed Th1/Th2-like response regardless of the route, dose or adjuvant. |
| 3485 | 11370250 | Immunological studies showed that both Th1 and Th2 cell responses could be demonstrated in lymph nodes from VL patients as evidenced by the presence of messenger ribonucleic acid for interleukin (IL)-10, interferon gamma and IL-2. |
| 3486 | 11370250 | Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from VL patients with IL-12 was found to drive the immune response toward a Th1 type response with the production of interferon gamma, indicating a potential therapeutic role for IL-12. |
| 3487 | 11378044 | Markers that correlate with specific bladder biopsy features include 1,4-methylimidazole acetic acid and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), which correlate with mast cell density, and interleukin (IL)-6, which correlates with mononuclear inflammation. |
| 3488 | 11378044 | Markers that changed after treatment were as follows: (1) nitric oxide synthase and cyclic guanosine monophosphate increased with oral L-arginine; (2) ECP decreased with subcutaneous heparin; (3) prostaglandin E(2) and kallikrein decreased after bladder distention; (4) neutrophil chemotactic activity decreased after dimethyl sulfoxide; (5) IL-2 inhibitor decreased after oral nifedipine; (6) IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 decreased after bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine; and (7) APF and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor changed to or toward normal levels after bladder distention or sacral nerve stimulation. |
| 3489 | 11380416 | A pilot study of combined immunotherapy with autologous adoptive tumour-specific T-cell transfer, vaccination with CD40-activated malignant B cells and interleukin 2. |
| 3490 | 11380416 | In a pilot study, we tested the feasibility and safety of combined immunotherapy consisting of adoptive transfer of autologous tumour-specific T cells, low-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) and a cellular vaccine of CD40-activated plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) cells in a patient who failed tandem repeat stem cell transplantation and idiotype vaccination. |
| 3491 | 11380416 | CD40-activated PCL cells for vaccination were similarly generated ex vivo by co-culture with CD40 ligand transfectants. |
| 3492 | 11380416 | We demonstrated the safety and feasibility in combining autologous tumour-specific T-cell therapy with low-dose IL-2 and that clinical trials based on the use of CD40-activated autologous tumour cell vaccines are warranted in patients with CD40-activated autologous tumour cells, either as a vaccine or for ex vivo stimulation of autologous T cells. |
| 3493 | 11380416 | A pilot study of combined immunotherapy with autologous adoptive tumour-specific T-cell transfer, vaccination with CD40-activated malignant B cells and interleukin 2. |
| 3494 | 11380416 | In a pilot study, we tested the feasibility and safety of combined immunotherapy consisting of adoptive transfer of autologous tumour-specific T cells, low-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) and a cellular vaccine of CD40-activated plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) cells in a patient who failed tandem repeat stem cell transplantation and idiotype vaccination. |
| 3495 | 11380416 | CD40-activated PCL cells for vaccination were similarly generated ex vivo by co-culture with CD40 ligand transfectants. |
| 3496 | 11380416 | We demonstrated the safety and feasibility in combining autologous tumour-specific T-cell therapy with low-dose IL-2 and that clinical trials based on the use of CD40-activated autologous tumour cell vaccines are warranted in patients with CD40-activated autologous tumour cells, either as a vaccine or for ex vivo stimulation of autologous T cells. |
| 3497 | 11380416 | A pilot study of combined immunotherapy with autologous adoptive tumour-specific T-cell transfer, vaccination with CD40-activated malignant B cells and interleukin 2. |
| 3498 | 11380416 | In a pilot study, we tested the feasibility and safety of combined immunotherapy consisting of adoptive transfer of autologous tumour-specific T cells, low-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) and a cellular vaccine of CD40-activated plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) cells in a patient who failed tandem repeat stem cell transplantation and idiotype vaccination. |
| 3499 | 11380416 | CD40-activated PCL cells for vaccination were similarly generated ex vivo by co-culture with CD40 ligand transfectants. |
| 3500 | 11380416 | We demonstrated the safety and feasibility in combining autologous tumour-specific T-cell therapy with low-dose IL-2 and that clinical trials based on the use of CD40-activated autologous tumour cell vaccines are warranted in patients with CD40-activated autologous tumour cells, either as a vaccine or for ex vivo stimulation of autologous T cells. |
| 3501 | 11385459 | Elevated levels of interleukin 2 (IL2) and interferon gamma (INFgamma) detected in immunogen-challenged spleen cells from the immunized mice indicated the presence of a strong Th1 immune response to the three plant-synthesized antigens. |
| 3502 | 11392678 | Phase II/III studies have evaluated the safety and immunologic effects of immune-based therapies, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-2, and an inactivated HIV-1 immunogen, as adjuncts to antiretroviral therapy. |
| 3503 | 11395193 | During the blockade of the tumor growth, the CTL response was maintained for at least approximately 6 weeks, and the mice secreted Th1 type cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 3504 | 11399230 | Modulation of cellular responses by plasmid CD40L: CD40L plasmid vectors enhance antigen-specific helper T cell type 1 CD4+ T cell-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus type 2 in vivo. |
| 3505 | 11399230 | The costimulatory molecule CD40, expressed on antigen-presenting cells, is thought to interact with CD40 ligand (CD40L) expressed on activated CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells to further drive interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression and antigen-specific T cell expansion necessary for both class II and class I responses. |
| 3506 | 11399230 | To compare the specific roles of these two costimulatory molecules in immune induction in a herpes simplex virus (HSV) model, we constructed plasmid DNAs expressing CD40 and CD40L, coimmunized these molecules with a gD plasmid vaccine, and then analyzed immune modulatory effects as well as protection against lethal HSV-2 challenge. |
| 3507 | 11399230 | CD40L also enhanced Th cell proliferative responses and production of Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and beta-chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1alpha) from splenocytes. |
| 3508 | 11399230 | When animals were challenged with a lethal dose of HSV-2, CD40L-coimmunized animals exhibited a significantly enhanced survival rate, as compared with CD40 coinjection or gD DNA vaccine alone. |
| 3509 | 11399230 | CD40L also promoted migration of CD4(+) T cells into the muscle sites. |
| 3510 | 11399230 | These studies demonstrate that CD40L can play an important role in protective antigen-specific immunity in a gene-based model system through increased expansion of the CD4(+) Th1 T cell subset in vivo. |
| 3511 | 11399230 | Modulation of cellular responses by plasmid CD40L: CD40L plasmid vectors enhance antigen-specific helper T cell type 1 CD4+ T cell-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus type 2 in vivo. |
| 3512 | 11399230 | The costimulatory molecule CD40, expressed on antigen-presenting cells, is thought to interact with CD40 ligand (CD40L) expressed on activated CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells to further drive interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression and antigen-specific T cell expansion necessary for both class II and class I responses. |
| 3513 | 11399230 | To compare the specific roles of these two costimulatory molecules in immune induction in a herpes simplex virus (HSV) model, we constructed plasmid DNAs expressing CD40 and CD40L, coimmunized these molecules with a gD plasmid vaccine, and then analyzed immune modulatory effects as well as protection against lethal HSV-2 challenge. |
| 3514 | 11399230 | CD40L also enhanced Th cell proliferative responses and production of Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and beta-chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1alpha) from splenocytes. |
| 3515 | 11399230 | When animals were challenged with a lethal dose of HSV-2, CD40L-coimmunized animals exhibited a significantly enhanced survival rate, as compared with CD40 coinjection or gD DNA vaccine alone. |
| 3516 | 11399230 | CD40L also promoted migration of CD4(+) T cells into the muscle sites. |
| 3517 | 11399230 | These studies demonstrate that CD40L can play an important role in protective antigen-specific immunity in a gene-based model system through increased expansion of the CD4(+) Th1 T cell subset in vivo. |
| 3518 | 11401992 | The presence of gamma interferon IFN-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNAs but absence of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 mRNAs were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from immunized subjects after in vitro challenge with outer membrane vesicles. |
| 3519 | 11434720 | Specifically, anergy is characterized by lack of activation of lck, ZAP 70, Ras, ERK, JNK, AP-1, and NF-AT. |
| 3520 | 11434720 | This second messenger upregulates the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p27kip1, sequestering cyclin D2-cdk4, and cyclin E/cdk2 complexes and preventing progression of T cells through the G1 restriction point of the cell cycle. |
| 3521 | 11434720 | In contrast, costimulation through CD28 prevents p27kip1 accumulation by decreasing the levels of intracellular cAMP and promotes p27kip1 down-regulation due to direct degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. |
| 3522 | 11434720 | Subsequent autocrine action of IL-2 leads to further degradation of p27kip1 and entry into S phase. |
| 3523 | 11454067 | C57Bl/6 mice immunized with this vaccine developed a strong T helper 1 (Th1) response characterized by an increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreted by CD4+ T cells. |
| 3524 | 11454067 | Neutralization of IL-6 during in vivo priming resulted in marked reduction in the ability of T cells to secrete IFN-gamma and IL-2 and to proliferate. |
| 3525 | 11454067 | IL-6 gene-disrupted mice primed with the vaccine showed a decrease in the number of IFN-gamma-producing cells and an increase in IL-4-secreting cells as compared to control mice. |
| 3526 | 11454067 | In contrast, neutralization of IL-6 during a boost of the vaccine in previously primed mice did not affect the development of IFN-gamma-producing cells but still increased the number of IL-4-producing cells. |
| 3527 | 11457533 | Subcutaneous but not oral administration in BALB/c mice of the HS-PEC induced high amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-2 but low quantities of IL-4 suggesting a combined Th1/Th2 cellular immune response. |
| 3528 | 11457549 | Murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were chosen for their potential ability to enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses involved in protection against BVDV. |
| 3529 | 11459172 | In order to construct an immunogenic cellular vaccine, we transduced three HLA-A*0201 human melanoma lines, selected for expression of classes I and II HLA, adhesion molecules and the T cell-defined melanoma antigens Melan/MART-1, gp100 and tyrosinase, with both interleukin-2 (IL-2) and B7-1 genes by the use of a polycistronic retroviral vector. |
| 3530 | 11459172 | From a functional point of view, expression of both genes in melanoma lines: (1) improved the response of anti-melanoma cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) over singly transduced or untransduced melanoma cells when subthreshold levels of MHC-peptide complexes were expressed by melanoma cells; (2) conferred a distinct advantage in the ability to stimulate cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma release by autologous and/or HLA-A*0201-compatible allogeneic lymphocytes; (3) allowed the generation of a high number of specific CTL by in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes of HLA-A*0201-melanoma patients. |
| 3531 | 11477458 | Transgenic expression of CD40L and interleukin-2 induces an autologous antitumor immune response in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. |
| 3532 | 11477458 | To stimulate NHL-specific immune responses, we attempted to transfer the human CD40 ligand (hCD40L) gene to B-NHL cells and enhance their co-stimulatory potential. |
| 3533 | 11477458 | Expression of transgenic human CD40L on these CD40-positive cells was in turn associated with up-regulation of other co-stimulatory molecules including B7-1/-2. |
| 3534 | 11477458 | These findings suggest that the combination of CD40L and IL2 gene-modified B-NHL cells will induce a cytotoxic immune response in vivo directed against unmodified tumor cells. |
| 3535 | 11477458 | Transgenic expression of CD40L and interleukin-2 induces an autologous antitumor immune response in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. |
| 3536 | 11477458 | To stimulate NHL-specific immune responses, we attempted to transfer the human CD40 ligand (hCD40L) gene to B-NHL cells and enhance their co-stimulatory potential. |
| 3537 | 11477458 | Expression of transgenic human CD40L on these CD40-positive cells was in turn associated with up-regulation of other co-stimulatory molecules including B7-1/-2. |
| 3538 | 11477458 | These findings suggest that the combination of CD40L and IL2 gene-modified B-NHL cells will induce a cytotoxic immune response in vivo directed against unmodified tumor cells. |
| 3539 | 11485354 | Additionally, bromelain did not affect TCR and CD28-induced proliferation of highly purified CD4+ T cells, but did inhibit IL-2 production by these cells. |
| 3540 | 11500411 | Characterization of the cellular immune response induced against the protective amino-terminal fragment reveals production of gamma interferon and interleukin-2, but not interleukin-4, suggesting a Th1-like profile. |
| 3541 | 11500418 | A novel strain, Origami(DE3), of Escherichia coli with mutations in the glutathione and thioredoxin reductase genes yielded 60% more soluble PvMSP-1 p42 than the conventional E. coli BL21(DE3) strain. |
| 3542 | 11500418 | Lymphocytes from animals in all the PvMSP-1 p42-immunized groups showed proliferative responses upon stimulation with PvMSP-1 p42; the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, IL-4, and IL-10 were detected in the culture supernatants. |
| 3543 | 11507070 | We demonstrate that a mouse-human chimeric anti-ganglioside GD2-interleukin (IL)-2 fusion protein (ch14.18-IL2) substantially amplifies tumor-protective immunity against murine melanoma induced by an autologous oral DNA vaccine containing the murine ubiquitin gene fused to murine melanoma peptide epitopes gp100(25-35) and TRP-2(181-188). |
| 3544 | 11507070 | The tumor-protective immunity was mediated by MHC class I antigen- restricted CD8(+) T cells together with CD4(+) T cell help, which was required only for tumor cell killing in the effector phase of the immune response. |
| 3545 | 11507070 | The immunological mechanisms involved in this antitumor effect were suggested by a decisively increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha TNFTnTNa and IFN-gamma from CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and a markedly up-regulated expression on CD8(+) T cells of high-affinity IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25), costimulatory molecule CD28, and adhesion molecule lymphocyte function-associated antigen-2 (LFA-2/CD2). |
| 3546 | 11507070 | We demonstrate that a mouse-human chimeric anti-ganglioside GD2-interleukin (IL)-2 fusion protein (ch14.18-IL2) substantially amplifies tumor-protective immunity against murine melanoma induced by an autologous oral DNA vaccine containing the murine ubiquitin gene fused to murine melanoma peptide epitopes gp100(25-35) and TRP-2(181-188). |
| 3547 | 11507070 | The tumor-protective immunity was mediated by MHC class I antigen- restricted CD8(+) T cells together with CD4(+) T cell help, which was required only for tumor cell killing in the effector phase of the immune response. |
| 3548 | 11507070 | The immunological mechanisms involved in this antitumor effect were suggested by a decisively increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha TNFTnTNa and IFN-gamma from CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and a markedly up-regulated expression on CD8(+) T cells of high-affinity IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25), costimulatory molecule CD28, and adhesion molecule lymphocyte function-associated antigen-2 (LFA-2/CD2). |
| 3549 | 11515819 | An in vitro assay system was developed to assess the potency of the human innate immune system by measurement of IL-12, IL-18, IL-10 and IFNgamma in the supernatants of bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS)-stimulated blood samples. |
| 3550 | 11515819 | The following results were deduced from analyses of BCG-CWS-stimulated blood samples of lung cancer patients with reference to normal subjects. (1) The levels of production of IFNgamma and IL-10 by lymphocytes were decreased. (2) IL-12 p40 production by monocytes/Mphi was upregulated, while that of IL-10 was downregulated. (3) IL-18 was detected in all patients in a range similar to normal subjects. (4) Responses of lymphocytes to IL-2 and IL- 18 in terms of IFNgamma production were diminished. (5) The upregulated IL-12 levels were recovered to within the normal range in most patients after tumor resection. (6) Male patients showed more severe suppression of IL-12/IL-18-mediated IFNgamma production than female patients. |
| 3551 | 11515819 | Thus, the lesser IFNgamma production observed in patients' blood with high IL-12 p40 levels in response to BCG-CWS may reflect the production of p40 dimers or IL-23 instead of p70, or the presence of some unknown pathways to prohibit the interface between the innate and acquired immune systems. |
| 3552 | 11517429 | Among those with severe clinical disease, Env-stimulated IL-2 reactivity in PBMC was negatively correlated with HIV-1 RNA copy numbers in plasma at enrollment and was positively correlated with CD4 T cell percentages 1 year later. |
| 3553 | 11522187 | Coadministration of SF-2 rgp120 vaccine with vCP205 vaccine enhanced lymphocyte proliferation in response to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein and broadened the envelope-stimulated cytokine secretion pattern, so that it consisted of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines compared with only interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) after vCP205 vaccine given alone. |
| 3554 | 11522187 | There was a possible association between HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-stimulated interleukin 2 secretion and CD8(+) CTLs against HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, and an inverse relation between lymphocyte proliferation and CTLs against HIV-1 Gag antigens. |
| 3555 | 11522639 | Autologous mononuclear cells were cocultured with DCs in the presence of low-dose interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7 and were restimulated weekly with new DCs. |
| 3556 | 11522639 | High levels of IL-12 and IFN-gamma could be detected in the supernatants, indicating a T-helper type 1-type immune response. |
| 3557 | 11527813 | In addition, LTA inhibited IL-2 detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and blocked the proliferative response of an IL-2-dependent T-cell line to soluble IL-2. |
| 3558 | 11527813 | Further studies using ELISA demonstrated that LTA blocks IL-2 detection and function by binding directly to IL-2. |
| 3559 | 11527813 | In addition, LTA inhibited IL-2 detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and blocked the proliferative response of an IL-2-dependent T-cell line to soluble IL-2. |
| 3560 | 11527813 | Further studies using ELISA demonstrated that LTA blocks IL-2 detection and function by binding directly to IL-2. |
| 3561 | 11528593 | Hib-CRM(197) induced PS and CRM(197) antibodies, vigorous T cell recall responses, and production of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-10, and interferon-gamma. |
| 3562 | 11528593 | Correlations were also found between IL-2 and IL-5 and IgA PS antibody levels. |
| 3563 | 11528593 | Hib-CRM(197) induced PS and CRM(197) antibodies, vigorous T cell recall responses, and production of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-10, and interferon-gamma. |
| 3564 | 11528593 | Correlations were also found between IL-2 and IL-5 and IgA PS antibody levels. |
| 3565 | 11535317 | The CCR7 ligands, secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC) and Epstein-Barr virus-induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine (ELC), were recently recognized as key molecules in establishing functional microenvironments for the initiation of immune responses in secondary lymphoid tissue. |
| 3566 | 11535317 | Systemic co-transfer of both CCR7 ligands enhanced serum gB-specific IgG Ab but failed to elicit enhancement of distal mucosal IgA responses. |
| 3567 | 11535317 | CCR7 ligands also enhanced T cell-mediated immunity as measured by CD4+ T helper cell proliferation and CD8+ T cell-mediated CTL activity. |
| 3568 | 11535317 | Of particular interest, is the observation that SLC significantly increased the production of Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) (P<0.05), whereas ELC increased the production of both Th1-type and Th2-type (IL-4) cytokines (P<0.05). |
| 3569 | 11535343 | To better characterize the cytokine response to measles virus vaccine, we examined the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) in measles virus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 18 donors before and 2 weeks after vaccination. |
| 3570 | 11535343 | The majority of donors in both groups did not exhibit an increase in measles specific IL-4 or IL-10 mRNA after vaccination. |
| 3571 | 11536152 | T cells rendered anergic lost IL-2 production but produced IFN-gamma and IL-10 upon stimulation. |
| 3572 | 11536152 | Autoreactive CD4(+) T cell clones specific for topoisomerase I derived from a patient with scleroderma were also rendered anergic after co-culture with topoisomerase I-pulsed autologous pDC2,resulting in failure to proliferate or provide help to B cells. |
| 3573 | 11544306 | A panel of E2 DNA vaccines were constructed, and their vaccination efficacy was ranked as E2 > tyrosine kinase-deficient ErbB-2 (E2A) > full-length ErbB-2 targeted to the cytoplasm (cytE2) > tyrosine kinase-deficient cytE2 (cytE2A). |
| 3574 | 11544306 | Covaccination with cytE2A and GM-CSF or IL-2 DNA resulted in equivalent anti-tumor activity as E2. |
| 3575 | 11544306 | ErbB-2-specific CTL were detected in mice immunized with cytE2A and GM-CSF and have rejected tumor challenge. |
| 3576 | 11544306 | Depletion of CD8, but not CD4 T cells reduced anti-tumor immunity, indicating CTL as the effector cells. |
| 3577 | 11550123 | Strong induction of Th1-type immune responses included high levels of antigen-specific elaboration of the Th1-type cytokines interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 and beta-chemokines RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell-expressed and secreted) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta. |
| 3578 | 11550123 | Dramatic infiltration of CD4 and CD8 T cells and macrophages also was observed at the muscle injection site. |
| 3579 | 11558546 | Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that T cell lines derived from each animal expressed relatively high levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma mRNA, low levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNAs, but no detectable level of IL-4 mRNA. |
| 3580 | 11565958 | We have previously demonstrated in a murine lung metastasis model that local sublethal radiation of tumors can synergistically enhance their sensitivity to immunotherapy with either systemic high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) or vaccination with autologous tumor cells expressing IL-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 3581 | 11567773 | Adjuvant effects of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-8, IL-15, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma TGF-beta4 and lymphotactin on DNA vaccination against Eimeria acervulina. |
| 3582 | 11567773 | Eight chicken cytokine genes (IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-8, IL-15, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta4, lymphotactin) were evaluated for their adjuvant effect on a suboptimal dose of an Eimeria DNA vaccine carrying the 3-1E parasite gene (pcDNA3-1E). |
| 3583 | 11567773 | IFN-alpha (1 microg) or 10 microg of lymphotactin expressing plasmids, when given simultaneously with the pcDNA3-1E vaccine, significantly protected against body weight loss induced by E. acervulina. |
| 3584 | 11567773 | Parasite replication was significantly reduced in chickens given the pcDNA3-1E vaccine along with 10 microg of the IL-8, lymphotactin, IFN-gamma, IL-15, TGF-beta4, or IL-1beta plasmids compared with chickens given the pcDNA3-1E vaccine alone. |
| 3585 | 11567773 | Flow cytometric analysis of duodenum intraepithelial lymphocytes showed chickens that received the pcDNA3-1E vaccine simultaneously with the IL-8 or IL-15 genes had significantly increased CD3+ cells compared with vaccination using pcDNA3-1E alone or in combination with the other cytokine genes tested. |
| 3586 | 11567773 | Adjuvant effects of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-8, IL-15, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma TGF-beta4 and lymphotactin on DNA vaccination against Eimeria acervulina. |
| 3587 | 11567773 | Eight chicken cytokine genes (IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-8, IL-15, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta4, lymphotactin) were evaluated for their adjuvant effect on a suboptimal dose of an Eimeria DNA vaccine carrying the 3-1E parasite gene (pcDNA3-1E). |
| 3588 | 11567773 | IFN-alpha (1 microg) or 10 microg of lymphotactin expressing plasmids, when given simultaneously with the pcDNA3-1E vaccine, significantly protected against body weight loss induced by E. acervulina. |
| 3589 | 11567773 | Parasite replication was significantly reduced in chickens given the pcDNA3-1E vaccine along with 10 microg of the IL-8, lymphotactin, IFN-gamma, IL-15, TGF-beta4, or IL-1beta plasmids compared with chickens given the pcDNA3-1E vaccine alone. |
| 3590 | 11567773 | Flow cytometric analysis of duodenum intraepithelial lymphocytes showed chickens that received the pcDNA3-1E vaccine simultaneously with the IL-8 or IL-15 genes had significantly increased CD3+ cells compared with vaccination using pcDNA3-1E alone or in combination with the other cytokine genes tested. |
| 3591 | 11571536 | Once tumors were established, the surgical site tumor was debulked and vaccination of syngeneic tumor transfectants encoding genes for IL-4, IL-2, GM-CSF, B7-1 or allogeneic MHC molecules commenced at a site away from both tumors, and tumor growth was measured. |
| 3592 | 11576883 | The in vivo response to standard hepatitis B booster vaccine and in vitro proliferation and release of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma from stimulated lymphocytes were not different between the groups. |
| 3593 | 11576883 | In contrast to clinical immune effects, paricalcitol increased serum calcium levels and decreased PTH and bone alkaline phosphatase levels (all P < 0.05). |
| 3594 | 11580228 | A chimeric construct of an MHC class II binding peptide from the c-erb oncogene (Her-2/neu) containing the N-terminal flanking region of CLIP elicited potent antitumor activity against a Her-2/neu-positive tumor in a rat model system. |
| 3595 | 11580228 | The induction of effective antitumor immunity, however, required presentation of the chimeric peptide construct on irradiated tumor cells or the peptide construct in concert with a Her-2/neu MHC class I-restricted peptide from Her-2/neu. |
| 3596 | 11580228 | Additionally, in vitro analysis revealed that immunization with the parent peptide resulted in a weak immune response to the unmodified peptide consisting of both type 1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and type 2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine-producing cells analyzed by RT-PCR (qualitative and quantitative) and by limiting dilution assay. |
| 3597 | 11591779 | The major T cell population in the lungs of naive mice was CD4(+), and these cells were shown to be predominantly of Th2 type as in vitro polyclonal stimulation resulted in IL-4, but not IFN-gamma, production. |
| 3598 | 11591779 | After nasal immunization with influenza Ag alone, Th2 cytokine mRNA (IL-4 and IL-5) levels were increased, whereas there was no change in Th1 cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) mRNA expression. |
| 3599 | 11591779 | Coincidentally, both macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and MIP-1beta mRNA expression increased in the lungs after immunization with Ag plus CT, while only MIP-1beta expression increased when mice were given influenza Ag alone. |
| 3600 | 11591784 | A dual-function DNA vaccine encoding carcinoembryonic antigen and CD40 ligand trimer induces T cell-mediated protective immunity against colon cancer in carcinoembryonic antigen-transgenic mice. |
| 3601 | 11591784 | A carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA)-based DNA vaccine encoding both CEA and CD40 ligand trimer achieved effective tumor-protective immunity against murine colon carcinoma in CEA-transgenic mice by activating both naive T cells and dendritic cells. |
| 3602 | 11591784 | Peripheral T cell tolerance to CEA was broken in a prophylactic model by this novel, dual-function DNA vaccine, whose efficacy was further enhanced by boosts with a recombinant Ab-IL-2 fusion protein (huKS1/4-IL-2). |
| 3603 | 11591784 | Second, specific activation of dendritic cells was indicated by their marked up-regulation in expression of costimulatory molecules B7.1 (CD80), B7.2 (CD86), and ICAM-1. |
| 3604 | 11591784 | Third, a decisive increase over control values was observed in both MHC class I Ag-restricted cytotoxicity of CTLs from successfully vaccinated mice and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-12. |
| 3605 | 11591784 | Fourth, activation of CTLs was augmented, as indicated by up-regulation of activity markers LFA-1, CD25, CD28, and CD69. |
| 3606 | 11591784 | Taken together, these results suggest that a dual-function DNA vaccine encoding CEA and CD40 ligand trimer combined with tumor-targeted IL-2 may be a promising strategy for the rational development of DNA-based cancer vaccines for future clinical applications. |
| 3607 | 11591784 | A dual-function DNA vaccine encoding carcinoembryonic antigen and CD40 ligand trimer induces T cell-mediated protective immunity against colon cancer in carcinoembryonic antigen-transgenic mice. |
| 3608 | 11591784 | A carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA)-based DNA vaccine encoding both CEA and CD40 ligand trimer achieved effective tumor-protective immunity against murine colon carcinoma in CEA-transgenic mice by activating both naive T cells and dendritic cells. |
| 3609 | 11591784 | Peripheral T cell tolerance to CEA was broken in a prophylactic model by this novel, dual-function DNA vaccine, whose efficacy was further enhanced by boosts with a recombinant Ab-IL-2 fusion protein (huKS1/4-IL-2). |
| 3610 | 11591784 | Second, specific activation of dendritic cells was indicated by their marked up-regulation in expression of costimulatory molecules B7.1 (CD80), B7.2 (CD86), and ICAM-1. |
| 3611 | 11591784 | Third, a decisive increase over control values was observed in both MHC class I Ag-restricted cytotoxicity of CTLs from successfully vaccinated mice and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-12. |
| 3612 | 11591784 | Fourth, activation of CTLs was augmented, as indicated by up-regulation of activity markers LFA-1, CD25, CD28, and CD69. |
| 3613 | 11591784 | Taken together, these results suggest that a dual-function DNA vaccine encoding CEA and CD40 ligand trimer combined with tumor-targeted IL-2 may be a promising strategy for the rational development of DNA-based cancer vaccines for future clinical applications. |
| 3614 | 11602637 | In vivo priming of CD4 T cells that produce interleukin (IL)-2 but not IL-4 or interferon (IFN)-gamma, and can subsequently differentiate into IL-4- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 3615 | 11602637 | The differentiation of antigen-stimulated naive CD4 T cells into T helper (Th)1 or Th2 effector cells can be prevented in vitro by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and anti-interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 3616 | 11602637 | These cells proliferate and synthesize interleukin (IL)-2 but not IFN-gamma or IL-4, and can differentiate into either Th1 or Th2 cells. |
| 3617 | 11602637 | We have now used two-color Elispots to reveal substantial numbers of primed cells producing IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma during the Th1- or Th2-biased immune responses induced by soluble proteins or with adjuvants. |
| 3618 | 11602637 | These cells were CD4(+)CD44(high) and were present during immediate and long-term immune responses of normal mice. |
| 3619 | 11602637 | Many in vivo-primed cells were uncommitted, secreting IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma at the first cloning step, but secreting either IL-4 or IFN-gamma after differentiation in the appropriate conditions. |
| 3620 | 11602637 | In vivo priming of CD4 T cells that produce interleukin (IL)-2 but not IL-4 or interferon (IFN)-gamma, and can subsequently differentiate into IL-4- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 3621 | 11602637 | The differentiation of antigen-stimulated naive CD4 T cells into T helper (Th)1 or Th2 effector cells can be prevented in vitro by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and anti-interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 3622 | 11602637 | These cells proliferate and synthesize interleukin (IL)-2 but not IFN-gamma or IL-4, and can differentiate into either Th1 or Th2 cells. |
| 3623 | 11602637 | We have now used two-color Elispots to reveal substantial numbers of primed cells producing IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma during the Th1- or Th2-biased immune responses induced by soluble proteins or with adjuvants. |
| 3624 | 11602637 | These cells were CD4(+)CD44(high) and were present during immediate and long-term immune responses of normal mice. |
| 3625 | 11602637 | Many in vivo-primed cells were uncommitted, secreting IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma at the first cloning step, but secreting either IL-4 or IFN-gamma after differentiation in the appropriate conditions. |
| 3626 | 11602637 | In vivo priming of CD4 T cells that produce interleukin (IL)-2 but not IL-4 or interferon (IFN)-gamma, and can subsequently differentiate into IL-4- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 3627 | 11602637 | The differentiation of antigen-stimulated naive CD4 T cells into T helper (Th)1 or Th2 effector cells can be prevented in vitro by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and anti-interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 3628 | 11602637 | These cells proliferate and synthesize interleukin (IL)-2 but not IFN-gamma or IL-4, and can differentiate into either Th1 or Th2 cells. |
| 3629 | 11602637 | We have now used two-color Elispots to reveal substantial numbers of primed cells producing IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma during the Th1- or Th2-biased immune responses induced by soluble proteins or with adjuvants. |
| 3630 | 11602637 | These cells were CD4(+)CD44(high) and were present during immediate and long-term immune responses of normal mice. |
| 3631 | 11602637 | Many in vivo-primed cells were uncommitted, secreting IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma at the first cloning step, but secreting either IL-4 or IFN-gamma after differentiation in the appropriate conditions. |
| 3632 | 11602637 | In vivo priming of CD4 T cells that produce interleukin (IL)-2 but not IL-4 or interferon (IFN)-gamma, and can subsequently differentiate into IL-4- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 3633 | 11602637 | The differentiation of antigen-stimulated naive CD4 T cells into T helper (Th)1 or Th2 effector cells can be prevented in vitro by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and anti-interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 3634 | 11602637 | These cells proliferate and synthesize interleukin (IL)-2 but not IFN-gamma or IL-4, and can differentiate into either Th1 or Th2 cells. |
| 3635 | 11602637 | We have now used two-color Elispots to reveal substantial numbers of primed cells producing IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma during the Th1- or Th2-biased immune responses induced by soluble proteins or with adjuvants. |
| 3636 | 11602637 | These cells were CD4(+)CD44(high) and were present during immediate and long-term immune responses of normal mice. |
| 3637 | 11602637 | Many in vivo-primed cells were uncommitted, secreting IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma at the first cloning step, but secreting either IL-4 or IFN-gamma after differentiation in the appropriate conditions. |
| 3638 | 11672916 | A novel liposomal influenza vaccine (INFLUSOME-VAC) containing hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and IL-2 or GM-CSF induces protective anti-neuraminidase antibodies cross-reacting with a wide spectrum of influenza A viral strains. |
| 3639 | 11672916 | INFLUSOME-VAC consists of liposomes containing the viral surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) derived from various influenza strains and IL-2 or GM-CSF, as an adjuvant. |
| 3640 | 11672916 | A novel liposomal influenza vaccine (INFLUSOME-VAC) containing hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and IL-2 or GM-CSF induces protective anti-neuraminidase antibodies cross-reacting with a wide spectrum of influenza A viral strains. |
| 3641 | 11672916 | INFLUSOME-VAC consists of liposomes containing the viral surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) derived from various influenza strains and IL-2 or GM-CSF, as an adjuvant. |
| 3642 | 11672928 | In this study, in order to selectively protect T cells from dexamethasone (DEX)-induced apoptosis we constructed a fusion protein (anti-CD3sFv-IL-2) in which anti-CD3 single-chain Fv (sFv), the smallest unit of antibody recognizing the CD3 epsilon moiety of the T-cell receptor (TCR), was covalently linked to murine interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 3643 | 11672928 | The levels of bcl-2 gene expression were significantly increased in DEX-treated T cells in the presence of the anti-CD3sFv-IL-2 protein. |
| 3644 | 11672928 | In this study, in order to selectively protect T cells from dexamethasone (DEX)-induced apoptosis we constructed a fusion protein (anti-CD3sFv-IL-2) in which anti-CD3 single-chain Fv (sFv), the smallest unit of antibody recognizing the CD3 epsilon moiety of the T-cell receptor (TCR), was covalently linked to murine interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 3645 | 11672928 | The levels of bcl-2 gene expression were significantly increased in DEX-treated T cells in the presence of the anti-CD3sFv-IL-2 protein. |
| 3646 | 11676280 | In murine models, the combination of mAbs with recombinant cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-12, or GM-CSF, can augment the immunologic effect of the mAbs by activating effector cell functions. |
| 3647 | 11679156 | Furthermore, IgG2 directed against Gag proteins was significantly associated with HIV-1 p24-specific Th1 cell production of interferon gamma and interleukin 2. |
| 3648 | 11683575 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with BGG or OVA expressed IL-2Ralpha chain but not IL-2 mRNA, consistent with T cell anergy. |
| 3649 | 11691814 | Here we describe a novel RCC vaccine strategy that allows for the concomitant delivery of dual immune activators: G250, a widely expressed RCC associated antigen; and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immunomodulatory factor for antigen-presenting cells. |
| 3650 | 11691814 | When combined with interleukin 4 (IL-4; 1000 units/ml), FP (0.34 microg/ml) induces differentiation of monocytes (CD14+) into dendritic cells (DCs) expressing surface markers characteristic for antigen-presenting cells. |
| 3651 | 11691814 | Up-regulation of mature DCs (CD83+CD19-; 17% versus 6%) with enhanced expression of HLA class I and class II antigens was detected in FP-cultured DCs as compared with DCs cultured with recombinant GM-CSF. |
| 3652 | 11691814 | Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with FP alone (2.7 microg/10(7) cells) augments both T-cell helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine mRNA expression (IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). |
| 3653 | 11691814 | Comparison of various immune manipulation strategies in parallel, bulk PBMCs treated with FP (0.34 microg/ml) plus IL-4 (1000 units/ml) for 1 week and restimulated weekly with FP plus IL-2 (20 IU/ml) induced maximal growth expansion of active T cells expressing the T-cell receptor and specific anti-RCC cytotoxicity, which could be blocked by the addition of anti-HLA class I, anti-CD3, or anti-CD8 antibodies. |
| 3654 | 11691814 | These results suggest that GM-CSF-G250 FP is a potent immunostimulant with the capacity for activating immunomodulatory DCs and inducing a T-helper cell-supported, G250-targeted, and CD8+-mediated antitumor response. |
| 3655 | 11691814 | Here we describe a novel RCC vaccine strategy that allows for the concomitant delivery of dual immune activators: G250, a widely expressed RCC associated antigen; and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immunomodulatory factor for antigen-presenting cells. |
| 3656 | 11691814 | When combined with interleukin 4 (IL-4; 1000 units/ml), FP (0.34 microg/ml) induces differentiation of monocytes (CD14+) into dendritic cells (DCs) expressing surface markers characteristic for antigen-presenting cells. |
| 3657 | 11691814 | Up-regulation of mature DCs (CD83+CD19-; 17% versus 6%) with enhanced expression of HLA class I and class II antigens was detected in FP-cultured DCs as compared with DCs cultured with recombinant GM-CSF. |
| 3658 | 11691814 | Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with FP alone (2.7 microg/10(7) cells) augments both T-cell helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine mRNA expression (IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). |
| 3659 | 11691814 | Comparison of various immune manipulation strategies in parallel, bulk PBMCs treated with FP (0.34 microg/ml) plus IL-4 (1000 units/ml) for 1 week and restimulated weekly with FP plus IL-2 (20 IU/ml) induced maximal growth expansion of active T cells expressing the T-cell receptor and specific anti-RCC cytotoxicity, which could be blocked by the addition of anti-HLA class I, anti-CD3, or anti-CD8 antibodies. |
| 3660 | 11691814 | These results suggest that GM-CSF-G250 FP is a potent immunostimulant with the capacity for activating immunomodulatory DCs and inducing a T-helper cell-supported, G250-targeted, and CD8+-mediated antitumor response. |
| 3661 | 11698440 | CD40 ligand promotes priming of fully potent antitumor CD4(+) T cells in draining lymph nodes in the presence of apoptotic tumor cells. |
| 3662 | 11698440 | It has been demonstrated that interactions of CD40-CD40 ligand can replace CD4(+) T cell help and enable dendritic cells to prime cytotoxic T cells. |
| 3663 | 11698440 | Here, we demonstrate that antitumor reactivity induced in regional lymph nodes (LNs) by s.c. injection of CD40 ligand (CD40L)-transduced tumor (MCA205 CD40L) showed far superior therapeutic efficacy against established brain tumors of a weakly immunogenic fibrosarcoma, MCA205, when adoptively transferred. |
| 3664 | 11698440 | In contrast, T cells derived from LNs immunized without MCA205 CD40L required ex vivo anti-CD3/IL-2 activation to elicit therapeutic activity. |
| 3665 | 11698440 | On anti-CD3/IL-2 activation, cells from LNs immunized with MCA205 CD40L exhibited superior per cell antitumor reactivity. |
| 3666 | 11698440 | An in vitro depletion study revealed that either CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells could mediate therapeutic efficacy but that the antitumor efficacy mediated by CD4(+) T cells was far superior. |
| 3667 | 11698440 | Cytosolic flow cytometric analyses indicated that priming of CD4(+) cells in LNs draining CD40L-expressing tumors was polarized to the Th1 type. |
| 3668 | 11698440 | This is the first report that fully potent antitumor CD4(+) T cell priming was promoted by s.c. injection of CD40L-transduced tumor in the presence of apoptotic tumor cells. |
| 3669 | 11698440 | CD40 ligand promotes priming of fully potent antitumor CD4(+) T cells in draining lymph nodes in the presence of apoptotic tumor cells. |
| 3670 | 11698440 | It has been demonstrated that interactions of CD40-CD40 ligand can replace CD4(+) T cell help and enable dendritic cells to prime cytotoxic T cells. |
| 3671 | 11698440 | Here, we demonstrate that antitumor reactivity induced in regional lymph nodes (LNs) by s.c. injection of CD40 ligand (CD40L)-transduced tumor (MCA205 CD40L) showed far superior therapeutic efficacy against established brain tumors of a weakly immunogenic fibrosarcoma, MCA205, when adoptively transferred. |
| 3672 | 11698440 | In contrast, T cells derived from LNs immunized without MCA205 CD40L required ex vivo anti-CD3/IL-2 activation to elicit therapeutic activity. |
| 3673 | 11698440 | On anti-CD3/IL-2 activation, cells from LNs immunized with MCA205 CD40L exhibited superior per cell antitumor reactivity. |
| 3674 | 11698440 | An in vitro depletion study revealed that either CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells could mediate therapeutic efficacy but that the antitumor efficacy mediated by CD4(+) T cells was far superior. |
| 3675 | 11698440 | Cytosolic flow cytometric analyses indicated that priming of CD4(+) cells in LNs draining CD40L-expressing tumors was polarized to the Th1 type. |
| 3676 | 11698440 | This is the first report that fully potent antitumor CD4(+) T cell priming was promoted by s.c. injection of CD40L-transduced tumor in the presence of apoptotic tumor cells. |
| 3677 | 11700183 | Proliferative responses and production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 were significantly higher after vaccination than before vaccination in all groups, including those that received placebo. |
| 3678 | 11700183 | The dose of 360 microg provided the highest LST conversion rate (100%), as well as the greatest increase in interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 production after vaccination. |
| 3679 | 11700183 | Proliferative responses and production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 were significantly higher after vaccination than before vaccination in all groups, including those that received placebo. |
| 3680 | 11700183 | The dose of 360 microg provided the highest LST conversion rate (100%), as well as the greatest increase in interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 production after vaccination. |
| 3681 | 11712808 | Serial urinary IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNFalpha, UBC, CYFRA 21-1 and NMP22 during follow-up of patients with bladder cancer receiving intravesical BCG. |
| 3682 | 11714800 | Transduced PBMC and cloned CD8+ T cells produced IL-2 and maintained viability after IL-2 withdrawal. |
| 3683 | 11714800 | A CD8+ T cell clone, when transduced with an IL-2 gene, manifested the same phenotypes as PBMCs in the absence of exogenous IL-2. |
| 3684 | 11714800 | Transduced PBMC and cloned CD8+ T cells produced IL-2 and maintained viability after IL-2 withdrawal. |
| 3685 | 11714800 | A CD8+ T cell clone, when transduced with an IL-2 gene, manifested the same phenotypes as PBMCs in the absence of exogenous IL-2. |
| 3686 | 11715945 | The gene transfer procedure results in the activation of DCs and initiates migration to regional lymph nodes, where antigen-expressing DCs efficiently stimulate proliferation of antigen-specific CD8+ as well as CD4+ T-lymphocytes. |
| 3687 | 11715945 | The nature of the immune response following plasmid DNA immunization may be manipulated by co-delivery of plasmids encoding immunomodulatory cytokines like (interferon) IFNalpha, IL-2 or IL-12 and costimulatory molecules like B7-1. |
| 3688 | 11715945 | Molecular re-engineering of antigen-encoding plasmids allows for specific targeting of antigen expression into the antigen processing machinery of DC for optimal presentation to CD8+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes. |
| 3689 | 11716105 | By use of flow cytometry for the intracellular detection of cytokines an overall expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing the Type 1 cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma was observed in adults when compared with children, giving credit to the cumulative effect of contacts with environmental antigens. |
| 3690 | 11716105 | The CD4+ cells expressing the Type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, however, increased only in Africans, probably reflecting continuously present challenges with antigens that preferentially drive Type 2 responses. |
| 3691 | 11726134 | Transduction of human dendritic cells with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara virus encoding MUC1 and IL-2. |
| 3692 | 11726134 | In this study we have characterized the transduction of monocyte-derived DC with a highly attenuated vaccinia virus vector [modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)] encoding human MUC1 and the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-2. |
| 3693 | 11726134 | Analysis of transduced DC cultures generated from a number of donors revealed MUC1 expression in the range of 27-54% of the cells and a co-regulated secretion of bioactive IL-2. |
| 3694 | 11726134 | As shown by FACS analysis with MUCI-specific antibodies, the MVA-MUC1/IL-2-transduced DC predominantly expressed the fully processed glycoform of MUC1, typical of that displayed by normal epithelia. |
| 3695 | 11726134 | The MVA-MUC1/IL-2 vector effectively transduced both immature and TNF-alpha-matured DC. |
| 3696 | 11726134 | Transduction of human dendritic cells with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara virus encoding MUC1 and IL-2. |
| 3697 | 11726134 | In this study we have characterized the transduction of monocyte-derived DC with a highly attenuated vaccinia virus vector [modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)] encoding human MUC1 and the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-2. |
| 3698 | 11726134 | Analysis of transduced DC cultures generated from a number of donors revealed MUC1 expression in the range of 27-54% of the cells and a co-regulated secretion of bioactive IL-2. |
| 3699 | 11726134 | As shown by FACS analysis with MUCI-specific antibodies, the MVA-MUC1/IL-2-transduced DC predominantly expressed the fully processed glycoform of MUC1, typical of that displayed by normal epithelia. |
| 3700 | 11726134 | The MVA-MUC1/IL-2 vector effectively transduced both immature and TNF-alpha-matured DC. |
| 3701 | 11726134 | Transduction of human dendritic cells with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara virus encoding MUC1 and IL-2. |
| 3702 | 11726134 | In this study we have characterized the transduction of monocyte-derived DC with a highly attenuated vaccinia virus vector [modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)] encoding human MUC1 and the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-2. |
| 3703 | 11726134 | Analysis of transduced DC cultures generated from a number of donors revealed MUC1 expression in the range of 27-54% of the cells and a co-regulated secretion of bioactive IL-2. |
| 3704 | 11726134 | As shown by FACS analysis with MUCI-specific antibodies, the MVA-MUC1/IL-2-transduced DC predominantly expressed the fully processed glycoform of MUC1, typical of that displayed by normal epithelia. |
| 3705 | 11726134 | The MVA-MUC1/IL-2 vector effectively transduced both immature and TNF-alpha-matured DC. |
| 3706 | 11726134 | Transduction of human dendritic cells with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara virus encoding MUC1 and IL-2. |
| 3707 | 11726134 | In this study we have characterized the transduction of monocyte-derived DC with a highly attenuated vaccinia virus vector [modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)] encoding human MUC1 and the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-2. |
| 3708 | 11726134 | Analysis of transduced DC cultures generated from a number of donors revealed MUC1 expression in the range of 27-54% of the cells and a co-regulated secretion of bioactive IL-2. |
| 3709 | 11726134 | As shown by FACS analysis with MUCI-specific antibodies, the MVA-MUC1/IL-2-transduced DC predominantly expressed the fully processed glycoform of MUC1, typical of that displayed by normal epithelia. |
| 3710 | 11726134 | The MVA-MUC1/IL-2 vector effectively transduced both immature and TNF-alpha-matured DC. |
| 3711 | 11726134 | Transduction of human dendritic cells with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara virus encoding MUC1 and IL-2. |
| 3712 | 11726134 | In this study we have characterized the transduction of monocyte-derived DC with a highly attenuated vaccinia virus vector [modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)] encoding human MUC1 and the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-2. |
| 3713 | 11726134 | Analysis of transduced DC cultures generated from a number of donors revealed MUC1 expression in the range of 27-54% of the cells and a co-regulated secretion of bioactive IL-2. |
| 3714 | 11726134 | As shown by FACS analysis with MUCI-specific antibodies, the MVA-MUC1/IL-2-transduced DC predominantly expressed the fully processed glycoform of MUC1, typical of that displayed by normal epithelia. |
| 3715 | 11726134 | The MVA-MUC1/IL-2 vector effectively transduced both immature and TNF-alpha-matured DC. |
| 3716 | 11728234 | Preliminary data have discussed the ex vivo and in vivo generation of cytotoxic effector cells employing IL-2 and/or IFN-alpha/gamma in the auto-PBSCT setting. |
| 3717 | 11728234 | Other cytokines such as IL-12, IL-15 and prolactin have likewise been considered. |
| 3718 | 11739689 | The ability to modify these antigen-specific immune responses was investigated by coinjection of DNA plasmids encoding cytokine and/or hematopoietic growth factors, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, IL-15, Flt3 ligand (FL), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 3719 | 11739689 | IL-12 induced the greatest increase in IFN-gamma and immunoglobulin G responses to Nef, and GM-CSF induced the strongest IFN-gamma and CTL responses to Env. |
| 3720 | 11739689 | A dual approach of expanding innate immunity by administering the FL gene, together with a cytokine that enhances adaptive immune responses, IL-2, IL-12, or IL-15, generated the most potent immune response at the lowest doses of Nef antigen. |
| 3721 | 11739689 | The ability to modify these antigen-specific immune responses was investigated by coinjection of DNA plasmids encoding cytokine and/or hematopoietic growth factors, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, IL-15, Flt3 ligand (FL), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 3722 | 11739689 | IL-12 induced the greatest increase in IFN-gamma and immunoglobulin G responses to Nef, and GM-CSF induced the strongest IFN-gamma and CTL responses to Env. |
| 3723 | 11739689 | A dual approach of expanding innate immunity by administering the FL gene, together with a cytokine that enhances adaptive immune responses, IL-2, IL-12, or IL-15, generated the most potent immune response at the lowest doses of Nef antigen. |
| 3724 | 11740717 | Peripheral blood cells of more than one-third of these exposed-uninfected infants proliferate and produce IL-2 after stimulation with HIV, and HIV-specific CD4+ T helper cell responses can be quantified in nearly all when sensitive intracellular cytokine assays are used. |
| 3725 | 11742494 | A parathyroid-hormone-related-protein (PTH-rP)-specific cytotoxic T cell response induced by in vitro stimulation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes derived from prostate cancer metastases, with epitope peptide-loaded autologous dendritic cells and low-dose IL-2. |
| 3726 | 11742494 | In this model, we investigated the in vitro possibility of generating an efficient PTH-rP specific CTL response by cyclical stimulations with IL-2 and PTR-4 peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells (DC), of HLA-A2.1(+) tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) derived from a patient with metastatic prostate carcinoma. |
| 3727 | 11742494 | A T cell line generated in this way (called TM-PTR-4) had a CD3(+), CD5(+), CD4(-), CD8(+), CD45(Ro+), CD56(-) immunophenotype and a HLA-A2.1 restricted cytotoxic activity to PTR-4-peptide pulsed CIR-A2 (HLA-A2.1(+)) target cells, PTH-rP(+)/HLA-A2.1(+) CIR-A2 transfected with PTH-rP gene, prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells, and autologous metastatic prostate cancer cells (M-CaP). |
| 3728 | 11742494 | A parathyroid-hormone-related-protein (PTH-rP)-specific cytotoxic T cell response induced by in vitro stimulation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes derived from prostate cancer metastases, with epitope peptide-loaded autologous dendritic cells and low-dose IL-2. |
| 3729 | 11742494 | In this model, we investigated the in vitro possibility of generating an efficient PTH-rP specific CTL response by cyclical stimulations with IL-2 and PTR-4 peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells (DC), of HLA-A2.1(+) tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) derived from a patient with metastatic prostate carcinoma. |
| 3730 | 11742494 | A T cell line generated in this way (called TM-PTR-4) had a CD3(+), CD5(+), CD4(-), CD8(+), CD45(Ro+), CD56(-) immunophenotype and a HLA-A2.1 restricted cytotoxic activity to PTR-4-peptide pulsed CIR-A2 (HLA-A2.1(+)) target cells, PTH-rP(+)/HLA-A2.1(+) CIR-A2 transfected with PTH-rP gene, prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells, and autologous metastatic prostate cancer cells (M-CaP). |
| 3731 | 11745487 | In contrast, established RM11psa tumors ranging in size from 500 to 1,000 mm(3) were efficiently eliminated if Ad5-PSA priming was followed 7 days later by intratumoral injection of recombinant canarypox viruses (ALVAC) encoding interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 3732 | 11751978 | CTL from monkeys infected with nonpathogenic isolates of simian and simian-human immunodeficiency virus expressed high levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 after in vitro exposure to a nonspecific mitogen or the optimal peptide representing a dominant virus-specific CTL epitope. |
| 3733 | 11751978 | However, similarly performed studies assessing these capabilities in CTL from monkeys infected with pathogenic immunodeficiency virus isolates demonstrated a significant dysfunction in the ability of the CTL to produce IL-2 and TNF-alpha. |
| 3734 | 11751978 | Moreover, an AIDS vaccine that confers protection against clinical disease evolution in this experimental model also preserves the functional capacity of these CTL to produce both IL-2 and TNF-alpha. |
| 3735 | 11751978 | CTL from monkeys infected with nonpathogenic isolates of simian and simian-human immunodeficiency virus expressed high levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 after in vitro exposure to a nonspecific mitogen or the optimal peptide representing a dominant virus-specific CTL epitope. |
| 3736 | 11751978 | However, similarly performed studies assessing these capabilities in CTL from monkeys infected with pathogenic immunodeficiency virus isolates demonstrated a significant dysfunction in the ability of the CTL to produce IL-2 and TNF-alpha. |
| 3737 | 11751978 | Moreover, an AIDS vaccine that confers protection against clinical disease evolution in this experimental model also preserves the functional capacity of these CTL to produce both IL-2 and TNF-alpha. |
| 3738 | 11751978 | CTL from monkeys infected with nonpathogenic isolates of simian and simian-human immunodeficiency virus expressed high levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 after in vitro exposure to a nonspecific mitogen or the optimal peptide representing a dominant virus-specific CTL epitope. |
| 3739 | 11751978 | However, similarly performed studies assessing these capabilities in CTL from monkeys infected with pathogenic immunodeficiency virus isolates demonstrated a significant dysfunction in the ability of the CTL to produce IL-2 and TNF-alpha. |
| 3740 | 11751978 | Moreover, an AIDS vaccine that confers protection against clinical disease evolution in this experimental model also preserves the functional capacity of these CTL to produce both IL-2 and TNF-alpha. |
| 3741 | 11759072 | Dendritic cells were derived from bone marrow and cultured in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/interleukin 4 before pulsation with tumor lysate. |
| 3742 | 11759072 | Multiple subcutaneous administrations of tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells (TP-DCs) resulted in an approximately eightfold hypertrophy of the vaccine draining nodes, with an increased influx of dendritic (CD11c+/CD80+) cells and B (B220+) cells. |
| 3743 | 11759072 | The vaccine-primed lymph node (VPLN) cells were secondarily activated with anti-CD3/interleukin 2 and exhibited specific interferon-gamma release to tumor antigen. |
| 3744 | 11772233 | Features of the pathophysiology of von Hippel Lindau protein are described, with attention to potential novel therapies targeting HIF-1alpha, VEGF, TGF-beta1 and TGF-alpha pathways. |
| 3745 | 11772233 | Most basic are cytokine therapies incorporating new IL-2 and IFN-alpha schedules. |
| 3746 | 11774595 | Brain tumor treatment with IL-2 and IL-12 producing autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 3747 | 11775545 | Co-modification of IL-2-TNF alpha fusion gene and B7.1 gene to murine breast tumor cells leads to improved tumor rejection and vaccine effect. |
| 3748 | 11803073 | Vaccination with the newly-derived attenuated M. bovis strains induced strong IFN-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2) responses to PPD from M. bovis at 2 weeks after vaccination, while BCG vaccination induced only a weak response at this time. |
| 3749 | 11803084 | These responses were characterized by production of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and anti-MAP1 antibodies of predominantly IgG2a isotype, and were critical for protection against C. ruminantium infection. |
| 3750 | 11803084 | In addition, DBA/2 mice immunized with the recombinant MAP1 protein without DNA vaccine priming produced non-protective T(H2) type immune responses which were characterized by production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IgG1 anti-MAP1 antibodies. |
| 3751 | 11836673 | Systems studied have included lysis by interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a p16-expressing adenovirus vector, suicide gene therapy using the herpes simplex virus-tyrosine kinase (HSV-tk) followed by ganciclovir, and immunomodulatory gene therapy with IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-6, and IL-1beta transfected into tumors. |
| 3752 | 11836673 | Since platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is thought to be an autocrine growth factor for mesothelioma STI-571 (Gleevec; Novartis, Basel, Switzerland), a highly selective inhibitor of the PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase, is being tested in a phase II trial. |
| 3753 | 11845255 | Vaccination of stage IV patients with allogeneic IL-4- or IL-2-gene-transduced melanoma cells generates functional antibodies against vaccinating and autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3754 | 11845255 | The antibody (Ab) response to allogeneic Me14932 and autologous melanoma cells was analyzed in 13 Stage IV (AJCC) melanoma patients immunized with Me14932 cells transduced with the IL-4 (Me14932/IL-4) ( n=10) or IL-2 (Me14932/IL-2) ( n=3) gene. |
| 3755 | 11845255 | Among 8 patients that received four vaccinations, 3/5 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-4 cells developed Ab (IgG and/or IgM) to Me14932 ( n=3) and to autologous ( n=2) melanoma cells, and 2/3 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-2 cells developed Ab (IgG) to Me14932, but not to autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3756 | 11845255 | Further, among these 5 responding patients, circulating Ab against the HLA-A3 allele, expressed only on vaccinating cells, were identified in the immune sera of 4 patients immunized with Me14932/IL-4 ( n=2) or Me14932/IL-2 ( n=2) cells. |
| 3757 | 11845255 | Vaccination of stage IV patients with allogeneic IL-4- or IL-2-gene-transduced melanoma cells generates functional antibodies against vaccinating and autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3758 | 11845255 | The antibody (Ab) response to allogeneic Me14932 and autologous melanoma cells was analyzed in 13 Stage IV (AJCC) melanoma patients immunized with Me14932 cells transduced with the IL-4 (Me14932/IL-4) ( n=10) or IL-2 (Me14932/IL-2) ( n=3) gene. |
| 3759 | 11845255 | Among 8 patients that received four vaccinations, 3/5 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-4 cells developed Ab (IgG and/or IgM) to Me14932 ( n=3) and to autologous ( n=2) melanoma cells, and 2/3 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-2 cells developed Ab (IgG) to Me14932, but not to autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3760 | 11845255 | Further, among these 5 responding patients, circulating Ab against the HLA-A3 allele, expressed only on vaccinating cells, were identified in the immune sera of 4 patients immunized with Me14932/IL-4 ( n=2) or Me14932/IL-2 ( n=2) cells. |
| 3761 | 11845255 | Vaccination of stage IV patients with allogeneic IL-4- or IL-2-gene-transduced melanoma cells generates functional antibodies against vaccinating and autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3762 | 11845255 | The antibody (Ab) response to allogeneic Me14932 and autologous melanoma cells was analyzed in 13 Stage IV (AJCC) melanoma patients immunized with Me14932 cells transduced with the IL-4 (Me14932/IL-4) ( n=10) or IL-2 (Me14932/IL-2) ( n=3) gene. |
| 3763 | 11845255 | Among 8 patients that received four vaccinations, 3/5 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-4 cells developed Ab (IgG and/or IgM) to Me14932 ( n=3) and to autologous ( n=2) melanoma cells, and 2/3 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-2 cells developed Ab (IgG) to Me14932, but not to autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3764 | 11845255 | Further, among these 5 responding patients, circulating Ab against the HLA-A3 allele, expressed only on vaccinating cells, were identified in the immune sera of 4 patients immunized with Me14932/IL-4 ( n=2) or Me14932/IL-2 ( n=2) cells. |
| 3765 | 11845255 | Vaccination of stage IV patients with allogeneic IL-4- or IL-2-gene-transduced melanoma cells generates functional antibodies against vaccinating and autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3766 | 11845255 | The antibody (Ab) response to allogeneic Me14932 and autologous melanoma cells was analyzed in 13 Stage IV (AJCC) melanoma patients immunized with Me14932 cells transduced with the IL-4 (Me14932/IL-4) ( n=10) or IL-2 (Me14932/IL-2) ( n=3) gene. |
| 3767 | 11845255 | Among 8 patients that received four vaccinations, 3/5 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-4 cells developed Ab (IgG and/or IgM) to Me14932 ( n=3) and to autologous ( n=2) melanoma cells, and 2/3 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-2 cells developed Ab (IgG) to Me14932, but not to autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3768 | 11845255 | Further, among these 5 responding patients, circulating Ab against the HLA-A3 allele, expressed only on vaccinating cells, were identified in the immune sera of 4 patients immunized with Me14932/IL-4 ( n=2) or Me14932/IL-2 ( n=2) cells. |
| 3769 | 11857387 | The results indicate that PMV modified by engraftment of recombinant forms of B7.1 and CD40 and incorporation of IL-2 can be used to modulate immune responses, which provides a novel approach for the development of anti-tumor vaccines and cancer immunotherapies. |
| 3770 | 11858876 | A study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of the Brucella melitensis ribosome recycling factor (RRF)-homologous protein (CP24). |
| 3771 | 11858876 | Spleen cells from pcDNACP24-immunised mice did not produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 or up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA. |
| 3772 | 11858876 | Cells from rCP24-immunised mice produced IL-10, up-regulated IL-2 mRNA but did not produce IL-4. |
| 3773 | 11858876 | However, the potential of CP24 for a Brucella diagnostic test based on an in vitro antigen (Ag)-specific IFN-gamma production or DTH test would be worth testing. |
| 3774 | 11858876 | A study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of the Brucella melitensis ribosome recycling factor (RRF)-homologous protein (CP24). |
| 3775 | 11858876 | Spleen cells from pcDNACP24-immunised mice did not produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 or up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA. |
| 3776 | 11858876 | Cells from rCP24-immunised mice produced IL-10, up-regulated IL-2 mRNA but did not produce IL-4. |
| 3777 | 11858876 | However, the potential of CP24 for a Brucella diagnostic test based on an in vitro antigen (Ag)-specific IFN-gamma production or DTH test would be worth testing. |
| 3778 | 11867164 | We have examined T cell responses against recombinant analogues of the surface-exposed C. ruminantium major antigen 1 (MAP1) a 28.8 kDa protein and MAP2 (21 kDa) antigen in cattle immunised by infection and treatment. |
| 3779 | 11867164 | MAP1-specific responses were predominantly restricted to cluster of differentiation four antigen positive T cells (CD4+ T cells). |
| 3780 | 11867164 | Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of cytokine expression by T cell lines derived from this population revealed strong expression of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interferon alpha (IFN-alpha), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), tumour necrosis factor beta (TNF-beta), interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ralpha) transcripts, and weak expression of IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 3781 | 11867164 | CD4+ T cell clones specific for MAP1 were generated. |
| 3782 | 11867164 | RT-PCR analysis of cytokine expression by T cell lines which were dominated by gammadelta T cells revealed expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-2Ralpha transcripts. |
| 3783 | 11867164 | Our findings indicate that immunisation of cattle by infection with C. ruminantium results in generation of MAP1- and MAP2-specific T cell responses that may play a role in protection against the pathogen. |
| 3784 | 11880222 | The lymphocytes proliferative response to P. falciparum soluble antigen was significantly higher than those in the groups of BCG and normal saline, and the production of cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-2) in response to malaria antigen was significantly higher in rBCG and BCG groups than control group of normal saline. |
| 3785 | 11881495 | In the course of the vaccinal process the restoration of the initially inhibited characteristics (the production of TNF-alpha and IL-2) to normal values were shown to occur, which was indicative of the fact that the reserve capacities of immunocompetent cells were retained in these patients. |
| 3786 | 11884558 | (i) VV-NP118 induced potent and long-lasting CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses to the vector; at the peak of the response (approximately 1 week), there were approximately 10(7) VV-specific CD8 T cells (25% of the CD8 T cells) and approximately 10(6) VV-specific CD4 T cells (approximately 5% of the CD4 T cells) in the spleen. |
| 3787 | 11884558 | These numbers decreased to approximately 5 x 10(5) CD8 T cells (approximately 5% frequency) and approximately 10(5) CD4 T cells (approximately 0.5% frequency), respectively, by day 30 and were then stably maintained at these levels for >300 days. |
| 3788 | 11884558 | (ii) VV-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells were capable of producing gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-2; all cells were able to make IFN-gamma, a subset produced both IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, and another subset produced all three cytokines. |
| 3789 | 11890524 | Tx-CsA-treatment abrogated the IBDV-induced inflammatory response and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the incidence of apoptotic bursa cells and the expression of cytokines such as interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in comparison to T cell-intact birds. |
| 3790 | 11890524 | T cell-released IL-2 and IFN-gamma may have mediated the induction of inflammation and cell death in T cell-intact birds. |
| 3791 | 11890524 | Tx-CsA-treatment abrogated the IBDV-induced inflammatory response and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the incidence of apoptotic bursa cells and the expression of cytokines such as interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in comparison to T cell-intact birds. |
| 3792 | 11890524 | T cell-released IL-2 and IFN-gamma may have mediated the induction of inflammation and cell death in T cell-intact birds. |
| 3793 | 11895976 | Similarly, additional mycobacterial antigen delivered directly to the lungs by aerosol infection with viable M. tuberculosis mixed with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1:1) also did not reduce the bacillary load but caused increased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which was associated with larger granulomas in the lungs. |
| 3794 | 11895976 | When M. tuberculosis-infected mice were treated with recombinant BCG that secreted cytokines shown to reduce disease in a preinfection vaccine model, the BCG secreting TNF-alpha, and to a lesser extent, IL-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), caused a significant increase in granuloma size in the lungs. |
| 3795 | 11899386 | Expansion of HER2/neu-specific T cells ex vivo following immunization with a HER2/neu peptide-based vaccine. |
| 3796 | 11899386 | Transgenic mice overexpressing rat neu in mammary tissue develop malignancy, histologically similar to human HER2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer. |
| 3797 | 11899386 | In addition, cytokines, such as interleukin-12, when added during ex vivo culturing along with interleukin-2 can selectively expand antigen-specific T-cells. |
| 3798 | 11899386 | Interleukin-12 also enhances antigen-specific functional measurements such as interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha release. |
| 3799 | 11899386 | Refinements in ex vivo expansion techniques may greatly improve the feasibility of tumor-antigen T-cell-based therapy for the treatment of advanced-stage HER2/neu-overexpressing breast malignancy. |
| 3800 | 11900992 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-15: immunotherapy for cancer. |
| 3801 | 11900992 | Interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15 are two cytokine growth factors that regulate lymphocyte function and homeostasis. |
| 3802 | 11900992 | IL-15, initially thought to mediate similar biological effects as IL-2, has been shown to have unique properties in basic and pre-clinical studies that may be of benefit in the immunotherapy of cancer. |
| 3803 | 11900992 | This review first summarizes the differences between IL-2 and IL-15 and highlights that better understanding of normal physiology creates new ideas for the immunotherapy of cancer. |
| 3804 | 11900992 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-15: immunotherapy for cancer. |
| 3805 | 11900992 | Interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15 are two cytokine growth factors that regulate lymphocyte function and homeostasis. |
| 3806 | 11900992 | IL-15, initially thought to mediate similar biological effects as IL-2, has been shown to have unique properties in basic and pre-clinical studies that may be of benefit in the immunotherapy of cancer. |
| 3807 | 11900992 | This review first summarizes the differences between IL-2 and IL-15 and highlights that better understanding of normal physiology creates new ideas for the immunotherapy of cancer. |
| 3808 | 11900992 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-15: immunotherapy for cancer. |
| 3809 | 11900992 | Interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15 are two cytokine growth factors that regulate lymphocyte function and homeostasis. |
| 3810 | 11900992 | IL-15, initially thought to mediate similar biological effects as IL-2, has been shown to have unique properties in basic and pre-clinical studies that may be of benefit in the immunotherapy of cancer. |
| 3811 | 11900992 | This review first summarizes the differences between IL-2 and IL-15 and highlights that better understanding of normal physiology creates new ideas for the immunotherapy of cancer. |
| 3812 | 11900992 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-15: immunotherapy for cancer. |
| 3813 | 11900992 | Interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15 are two cytokine growth factors that regulate lymphocyte function and homeostasis. |
| 3814 | 11900992 | IL-15, initially thought to mediate similar biological effects as IL-2, has been shown to have unique properties in basic and pre-clinical studies that may be of benefit in the immunotherapy of cancer. |
| 3815 | 11900992 | This review first summarizes the differences between IL-2 and IL-15 and highlights that better understanding of normal physiology creates new ideas for the immunotherapy of cancer. |
| 3816 | 11906776 | Insertion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) genes into vaccinia virus results in effective anti-tumor responses without toxicity. |
| 3817 | 11906776 | Recent reports have documented an increased therapeutic effectiveness of poxvirus-based vaccines when additional treatment with cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interleukin-12 (IL-12) were used, but the combination of these cytokines as adjuvants for a rVV encoding TAA have not been previously reported. |
| 3818 | 11906776 | The combination of IL-2 and IL-12 at single regimen systemic doses was toxic and sometimes fatal, manifesting largely as segmental epithelial apoptosis of the large bowel. |
| 3819 | 11906776 | To explore the local delivery of both cytokines to the site of vaccination, the genes encoding IL-2 and IL-12 were inserted into vaccinia virus along with a model tumor antigen gene. |
| 3820 | 11906776 | This construct contained five heterologous genes: LacZ (the model antigen), gpt (reporter gene), IL-2, and the two IL-12 subunit genes (p35 and p40). |
| 3821 | 11906776 | Insertion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) genes into vaccinia virus results in effective anti-tumor responses without toxicity. |
| 3822 | 11906776 | Recent reports have documented an increased therapeutic effectiveness of poxvirus-based vaccines when additional treatment with cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interleukin-12 (IL-12) were used, but the combination of these cytokines as adjuvants for a rVV encoding TAA have not been previously reported. |
| 3823 | 11906776 | The combination of IL-2 and IL-12 at single regimen systemic doses was toxic and sometimes fatal, manifesting largely as segmental epithelial apoptosis of the large bowel. |
| 3824 | 11906776 | To explore the local delivery of both cytokines to the site of vaccination, the genes encoding IL-2 and IL-12 were inserted into vaccinia virus along with a model tumor antigen gene. |
| 3825 | 11906776 | This construct contained five heterologous genes: LacZ (the model antigen), gpt (reporter gene), IL-2, and the two IL-12 subunit genes (p35 and p40). |
| 3826 | 11906776 | Insertion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) genes into vaccinia virus results in effective anti-tumor responses without toxicity. |
| 3827 | 11906776 | Recent reports have documented an increased therapeutic effectiveness of poxvirus-based vaccines when additional treatment with cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interleukin-12 (IL-12) were used, but the combination of these cytokines as adjuvants for a rVV encoding TAA have not been previously reported. |
| 3828 | 11906776 | The combination of IL-2 and IL-12 at single regimen systemic doses was toxic and sometimes fatal, manifesting largely as segmental epithelial apoptosis of the large bowel. |
| 3829 | 11906776 | To explore the local delivery of both cytokines to the site of vaccination, the genes encoding IL-2 and IL-12 were inserted into vaccinia virus along with a model tumor antigen gene. |
| 3830 | 11906776 | This construct contained five heterologous genes: LacZ (the model antigen), gpt (reporter gene), IL-2, and the two IL-12 subunit genes (p35 and p40). |
| 3831 | 11906776 | Insertion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) genes into vaccinia virus results in effective anti-tumor responses without toxicity. |
| 3832 | 11906776 | Recent reports have documented an increased therapeutic effectiveness of poxvirus-based vaccines when additional treatment with cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interleukin-12 (IL-12) were used, but the combination of these cytokines as adjuvants for a rVV encoding TAA have not been previously reported. |
| 3833 | 11906776 | The combination of IL-2 and IL-12 at single regimen systemic doses was toxic and sometimes fatal, manifesting largely as segmental epithelial apoptosis of the large bowel. |
| 3834 | 11906776 | To explore the local delivery of both cytokines to the site of vaccination, the genes encoding IL-2 and IL-12 were inserted into vaccinia virus along with a model tumor antigen gene. |
| 3835 | 11906776 | This construct contained five heterologous genes: LacZ (the model antigen), gpt (reporter gene), IL-2, and the two IL-12 subunit genes (p35 and p40). |
| 3836 | 11906776 | Insertion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) genes into vaccinia virus results in effective anti-tumor responses without toxicity. |
| 3837 | 11906776 | Recent reports have documented an increased therapeutic effectiveness of poxvirus-based vaccines when additional treatment with cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interleukin-12 (IL-12) were used, but the combination of these cytokines as adjuvants for a rVV encoding TAA have not been previously reported. |
| 3838 | 11906776 | The combination of IL-2 and IL-12 at single regimen systemic doses was toxic and sometimes fatal, manifesting largely as segmental epithelial apoptosis of the large bowel. |
| 3839 | 11906776 | To explore the local delivery of both cytokines to the site of vaccination, the genes encoding IL-2 and IL-12 were inserted into vaccinia virus along with a model tumor antigen gene. |
| 3840 | 11906776 | This construct contained five heterologous genes: LacZ (the model antigen), gpt (reporter gene), IL-2, and the two IL-12 subunit genes (p35 and p40). |
| 3841 | 11906778 | Immunisation with the oxidised conjugate resulted in significant antigen specific proliferative responses, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production when compared to unconjugated controls. |
| 3842 | 11911421 | CD40 ligand immunotherapy in cancer: an efficient approach. |
| 3843 | 11911421 | This review will discuss current anti-cancer immunotherapy; interleukin-2 therapy, tumor vaccine secreting Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, dendritic cells fused with tumor cells, and CD40 ligand immunotherapy. |
| 3844 | 11911421 | Moreover, we introduce our two kinds of CD40 ligand immuno-genetherapy; (1) oral CD40 ligand gene therapy against lymphoma using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (published in BLOOD 2000), (2) cancer vaccine transfected with CD40 ligand ex vivo for neuroblastoma (unpublished). |
| 3845 | 11918082 | We have previously reported that immunization of mice with melanoma cells transfected to secrete the superantigen, Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), increased the production of antibodies to the B700 melanoma antigen, stimulated the production of endogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2), activated the expression of CD4, CD8 and CD25 T cell markers and enhanced NK cell activity. |
| 3846 | 11920589 | Peptide-specific CD8+ T-cell evolution in vivo: response to peptide vaccination with Melan-A/MART-1. |
| 3847 | 11920589 | We have longitudinally followed CD8+ T-cell responses in 3 melanoma patients who were immunized with peptides derived from Melan-A/MART-1. |
| 3848 | 11920589 | At least in a single patient, T cells binding to the AAGIGILTV epitope were detected in naive, precursor (CD45RA+/CCR7+) CD8+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells binding to the analog ELAGIGILTV peptide were identified in the terminally differentiated (CD45RA+/CCR7-) T-cell subset. |
| 3849 | 11920589 | The TCR repertoire reactive with Melan-A/MART-1 peptide epitopes was broadened during vaccination and exhibited a different profile of cytokine release after specific stimulation: tetramer-binding T cells from 2/3 patients secreted granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon-gamma but not interleukin-2 (IL-2) in response to Melan-A/MART-1 peptides. |
| 3850 | 11920816 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF-beta expression was detected in all samples by PCR and in < 50% of samples by immunostaining. |
| 3851 | 11920816 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 expression was detected in a few samples by immunostaining but was not detectable by PCR. |
| 3852 | 11920816 | We found greater expression of TNF-alpha and IL-4 in DHF than in dengue fever or other (non-dengue) febrile illnesses. |
| 3853 | 11940238 | In this study, in vitro production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-10 was investigated in Iranian healthy adults vaccinated with rHB vaccine. |
| 3854 | 11940238 | Our results demonstrated a significant decrease in the production of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-10 (P < 0.005) in response to rHB antigen. |
| 3855 | 11940238 | In this study, in vitro production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-10 was investigated in Iranian healthy adults vaccinated with rHB vaccine. |
| 3856 | 11940238 | Our results demonstrated a significant decrease in the production of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-10 (P < 0.005) in response to rHB antigen. |
| 3857 | 11943331 | Vaccination with ST-CFP/DEAE-dextran induced high levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) but low levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) from whole-blood cultures stimulated with M. tuberculosis ST-CFP in comparison with the strong IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses induced after vaccination with BCG. |
| 3858 | 11943331 | Vaccination with ST-CFP/beads induced a weak IgG1-biased antibody response but no IFN-gamma or IL-2 response. |
| 3859 | 11943331 | Vaccination with ST-CFP/DEAE-dextran induced high levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) but low levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) from whole-blood cultures stimulated with M. tuberculosis ST-CFP in comparison with the strong IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses induced after vaccination with BCG. |
| 3860 | 11943331 | Vaccination with ST-CFP/beads induced a weak IgG1-biased antibody response but no IFN-gamma or IL-2 response. |
| 3861 | 11947928 | In our established model of systemic tolerance to gliadin, induced by its nasal administration, we found a reduced production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) upon administration of gliadin alone. |
| 3862 | 11947931 | In this study we provide evidence that a prolonged increase in the plasma levels of IL-2, but not IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-10, IL-2R or TNF-alpha occured in patients affected by bladder cancer following effective BCG treatment. |
| 3863 | 11953366 | Also, splenocytes from the inoculated mice expressed interleukin 2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, and small amounts of IL-4 and IL-5, and more IL-10 cytokine in the presence of the homologous antigen. |
| 3864 | 11953389 | Antibodies to the encoded BLS included immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgM isotypes. |
| 3865 | 11953389 | In addition, spleen cells from vaccinated animals produced interleukin-2 and gamma interferon but not IL-10 or IL-4 after in vitro stimulation with recombinant BLS (rBLS), suggesting the induction of a Th1 response. |
| 3866 | 11953411 | Immunization of C3H/He mice with an Ii-LLO 215-226 plasmid induced specific interferon-gamma- and interleukin 2-producing Th cells and conferred significant protective immunity against listerial infection. |
| 3867 | 11956426 | Phase I trial of a B7-1 (CD80) gene modified autologous tumor cell vaccine in combination with systemic interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. |
| 3868 | 11964715 | IL-10 initiates anergy in T cells by blocking tyrosine phosphorylation of CD28 and inhibiting the CD28 co-stimulatory signal. |
| 3869 | 11964715 | Restimulation in the presence of IL-2, IL-15 and possibly IL-12 leads to a T helper type 1 cytokine pattern (immunity:effective immunotherapy) and with IL-4 a T helper type 2 pattern (persistence of allergy:relapse). |
| 3870 | 11973635 | Lymphotactin cotransfection enhances the therapeutic efficacy of dendritic cells genetically modified with melanoma antigen gp100. |
| 3871 | 11973635 | In this study, Lptn and/or melanoma-associated antigen gp100 were transfected into mouse bone marrow-derived DC, which were used as vaccines in B16 melanoma model. |
| 3872 | 11973635 | Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with DC adenovirally cotransfected with Lptn and gp100 (Lptn/gp100-DC) could enhance the cytotoxicities of CTL and NK cells, increase the production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma significantly, as compared with immunization with gp100-DC, Lptn-DC, LacZ-DC, DC or PBS counterparts. |
| 3873 | 11973635 | In vivo depletion analysis demonstrated that CD8(+) T cells are the predominant T cell subset responsible for the antitumor effect of Lptn/gp100-DC and CD4(+) T cells were necessary in the induction phase of tumor rejection, while NK cells were less important although they participated in the antitumor response either in the induction phase or in the effector phase. |
| 3874 | 11978140 | Biological response modifier therapies that are in current or future investigational trials include topical tazarotene, pegylated interferon, interleukin-2, and interleukin-12. |
| 3875 | 11983254 | Protective T-helper responses were not skewed towards an IFN-gamma (Th1) or IL-4 (Th2) type response, but were balanced and characterised by the presence of a strong Ag-specific IL-2 response. |
| 3876 | 11985784 | We developed a tumor vaccine consisting of fixed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells/tissue fragments, biodegradable microparticles encapsulating granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-2, and an adjuvant. |
| 3877 | 11994441 | Furthermore, CD8(+) and CD4(+) splenocyte fractions from treated groups secreted increased IFN-gamma and IL-2 in response to tumor cells in vitro. |
| 3878 | 12007887 | Distinct T (CD4+, CD8+, gammadelta-TCR+) and B (CD21+, CD45R+) lymphocyte staining patterns were observed within and around follicles of the rectal mucosa. |
| 3879 | 12007887 | RT-PCR examination of the cytokines expressed in the rectal mucosal tissue revealed consistently high levels of TGFbeta and IL-8 mRNA, low levels of IL-2 mRNA and no detectable IL-4 mRNA. |
| 3880 | 12009273 | To test the effect of co-expression of immunomodulatory molecules, together with target antigen, two recombinant Streptococcus gordonii strains were constructed which secreted either murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in addition to a surface anchored test antigen (the conserved C-repeat region (CRR) of the M6 protein of Streptococcus pyogenes). |
| 3881 | 12009273 | The secretion of functional cytokines by S. gordonii was achieved by in-frame fusion of sequences encoding mature IL-2 or IFN-gamma to the sequences encoding the leader signal of the M6 protein. |
| 3882 | 12009273 | To test the effect of co-expression of immunomodulatory molecules, together with target antigen, two recombinant Streptococcus gordonii strains were constructed which secreted either murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in addition to a surface anchored test antigen (the conserved C-repeat region (CRR) of the M6 protein of Streptococcus pyogenes). |
| 3883 | 12009273 | The secretion of functional cytokines by S. gordonii was achieved by in-frame fusion of sequences encoding mature IL-2 or IFN-gamma to the sequences encoding the leader signal of the M6 protein. |
| 3884 | 12009285 | In addition, RhIL-12 was found to produce a significant increase in gp120-specific proliferative responses and in the frequency of antigen-specific IFN-gamma and IL-2 producing T cells after restimulation of PBMC with gp120 in vitro indicating that RhIL-12 potentiates cell-mediated immune responses as well. |
| 3885 | 12009571 | Specifically, recombinant strains expressing IL-2 (known as GIDIL2) or TNF-alpha (GIDTNF) were compared with the parental, non-cytokine-secreting, strain (BRD509) for their ability to induce a variety of immune responses in susceptible BALB/c mice. |
| 3886 | 12010968 | PBMCs, cultivated with or without cytokines and exogenous CD40/CD40L signals, were stimulated with a crude parasite extract, recombinant vaccine candidates derived from conserved Ags (19-kDa C terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 [MSP1(19)], R23, and PfEB200), or recombinant Ags derived from the polymorphic Ags MSP1 block 2 and MSP2. |
| 3887 | 12010968 | Optimal Ab production required addition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-10 for all antigenic preparations. |
| 3888 | 12012014 | Induction of MUC1-specific cellular immunity by a recombinant BCG expressing human MUC1 and secreting IL2. |
| 3889 | 12012014 | In this study, we constructed a recombinant BCG-MUC1-IL2, which expresses a high level of human MUC1 VNTR core protein and secretes functional interleukin 2 (IL2). |
| 3890 | 12012014 | The mucin-specific IFN-gamma was secreted only by the lymphocytes derived from animals immunized with BCG-MUC1-IL2, but not with BCG-vector or purified mucin protein for the vaccination. |
| 3891 | 12012014 | In contrast, in vitro secretion of IL4 by the immunized lymphocytes was only seen in the group of animals which received native MUC1 protein, but not BCG-MUC1-IL2 and BCG-vector. |
| 3892 | 12012014 | Induction of MUC1-specific cellular immunity by a recombinant BCG expressing human MUC1 and secreting IL2. |
| 3893 | 12012014 | In this study, we constructed a recombinant BCG-MUC1-IL2, which expresses a high level of human MUC1 VNTR core protein and secretes functional interleukin 2 (IL2). |
| 3894 | 12012014 | The mucin-specific IFN-gamma was secreted only by the lymphocytes derived from animals immunized with BCG-MUC1-IL2, but not with BCG-vector or purified mucin protein for the vaccination. |
| 3895 | 12012014 | In contrast, in vitro secretion of IL4 by the immunized lymphocytes was only seen in the group of animals which received native MUC1 protein, but not BCG-MUC1-IL2 and BCG-vector. |
| 3896 | 12023400 | We enumerated with HLA-A*0201/peptide tetramers (tHLA) vaccine-elicited CD8(+) T cell precursor frequency among PBMC in 13 patients with melanoma undergoing vaccination with the HLA-A*0201-associated gp100:209-217(210 M) epitope. |
| 3897 | 12023400 | T cell precursor frequency increased from undetectable to 12,400 +/- 3,600 x 10(6) CD8(+) T cells after vaccination and appeared heterogeneous according to previously described functional subtypes: CD45RA(+)CD27(+) (14 +/- 2.6% of tHLA-staining T cells), naive; CD45RA(-)CD27(+) (14 +/- 3.2%), memory; CD45RA(+)CD27(-) (43 +/- 6%), effector; and CD45RA(-)CD27(-) (30 +/- 4.1%), memory/effector. |
| 3898 | 12023400 | The majority of tHLA(+)CD8(+) T cells displayed an effector, CD27(-) phenotype (73%). |
| 3899 | 12023400 | Epitope-specific in vitro stimulation (IVS) followed by 10-day expansion in IL-2 reversed this phenotype by increasing the number of perforin(+) (84 +/- 3.6%; by paired t test, p < 0.001) and CD27(+) (from 28 to 67%; by paired t test, p = 0.01) tHLA(+) T cells. |
| 3900 | 12034104 | The mice immunized with these peptides also induced higher T-helper activity, including Th1 type-cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) release. |
| 3901 | 12043855 | To investigate whether a preexisting T helper (T(H)) 2 type immune response could be suppressed by Calmette-Guérin Bacillus (BCG) immunization in atopic children with asthma, we determined interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-5 and total IgE level in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of six atopic and five nonatopic children in response to phytohemagglutinin A (PHA), purified protein derivate (PPD), and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus II allergen (Der p II) both before and after BCG vaccination. |
| 3902 | 12057107 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-alfa (IFN alfa)-based therapies remain the most commonly used agents to treat patients with advanced disease, demonstrating low but reproducible response proportions in the 10% to 20% range, with durable responses of 5% or less. |
| 3903 | 12057119 | Interferon (IFN)-alfa and interleukin (IL)-2 as single agents have produced response rates in the 15% to 20% range. |
| 3904 | 12067407 | Manipulation of immune responses to Mycobacterium bovis by vaccination with IL-2- and IL-18-secreting recombinant bacillus Calmette Guerin. |
| 3905 | 12067407 | We demonstrated that the secretion of biologically active IL-2 (rBCG/IL-2),but not IL-18 (rBCG/IL-18), by BCG improves its ability to induce and maintain a strong type 1 immune response in BALB/c mice. rBCG/IL-2 induced significantly higher Ag-specific proliferative responses, high IFN-gamma production and serum titres of IgG2a 16 weeks after vaccination. |
| 3906 | 12067407 | By comparison,vaccination with rBCG/IL-18 was found to induce significantly less IFN-gamma production in splenic lymphocytes than nBCG. |
| 3907 | 12067407 | Manipulation of immune responses to Mycobacterium bovis by vaccination with IL-2- and IL-18-secreting recombinant bacillus Calmette Guerin. |
| 3908 | 12067407 | We demonstrated that the secretion of biologically active IL-2 (rBCG/IL-2),but not IL-18 (rBCG/IL-18), by BCG improves its ability to induce and maintain a strong type 1 immune response in BALB/c mice. rBCG/IL-2 induced significantly higher Ag-specific proliferative responses, high IFN-gamma production and serum titres of IgG2a 16 weeks after vaccination. |
| 3909 | 12067407 | By comparison,vaccination with rBCG/IL-18 was found to induce significantly less IFN-gamma production in splenic lymphocytes than nBCG. |
| 3910 | 12068382 | The presence of costimulatory molecules, such as B7-1 and B7-2, on antigen-presenting cells and the secretion of IL-2 promote the differentiation of recruited CD8+ lymphocytes into cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 3911 | 12069379 | The cytokine used most extensively to date is interleukin-2 (IL2), a molecule that induces T lymphocyte proliferation and the generation of MHC unrestricted cytotoxicity. |
| 3912 | 12078857 | Interaction of disease-related antigen-reactive T-cell lines from multiple sclerosis patients with type IV collagen: role of integrin VLA-1 and effects of irradiation. |
| 3913 | 12078857 | Vaccination with T-cell lines reactive with myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendrocytic glycoprotein (MOG) epitopes, expanded with interleukin-2 (IL-2), and attenuated by ionizing radiation is currently being evaluated as a therapeutic modality for this disease. |
| 3914 | 12078857 | Seven of 7 autoantigen-responsive T-cell lines from MS patients adhered to collagen IV, the major collagenous constituent of BMs. |
| 3915 | 12078857 | T-cell lines from healthy donors adhered more variably to collagen IV. |
| 3916 | 12078857 | Furthermore, patient derived T cells actively transmigrated through a collagen IV gel toward medium containing TNF-a, in a process that was inhibited by MAbs to VLA-1. |
| 3917 | 12078857 | Ionizing radiation at the dose used in vaccine preparation, inhibited morphological polarization associated with migratory capability, induced integrin clustering on the cell membrane, and abrogated adhesion to collagen IV. |
| 3918 | 12079487 | IL-12/IL-2 combination cytokine therapy for solid tumours: translation from bench to bedside. |
| 3919 | 12079487 | Several cytokines have demonstrated unique activity in the preclinical setting, including IL-2 and IFN-alpha -inducing cytokines such as IL12 and IL18. |
| 3920 | 12079487 | Several lines of evidence suggest that IL-12 and IL-2 provide complementary immunoregulatory signals and have now shown that in combination, these two cytokines mediate synergistic antitumour activity in preclinical tumour models. |
| 3921 | 12079487 | This paper will review existing data regarding mechanisms of interaction between IL-2 and IL-12 in vitro and in preclinial models and describe future opportunities for the investigation of these potentially promising cytokines in the treatment of cancer. |
| 3922 | 12079487 | IL-12/IL-2 combination cytokine therapy for solid tumours: translation from bench to bedside. |
| 3923 | 12079487 | Several cytokines have demonstrated unique activity in the preclinical setting, including IL-2 and IFN-alpha -inducing cytokines such as IL12 and IL18. |
| 3924 | 12079487 | Several lines of evidence suggest that IL-12 and IL-2 provide complementary immunoregulatory signals and have now shown that in combination, these two cytokines mediate synergistic antitumour activity in preclinical tumour models. |
| 3925 | 12079487 | This paper will review existing data regarding mechanisms of interaction between IL-2 and IL-12 in vitro and in preclinial models and describe future opportunities for the investigation of these potentially promising cytokines in the treatment of cancer. |
| 3926 | 12079487 | IL-12/IL-2 combination cytokine therapy for solid tumours: translation from bench to bedside. |
| 3927 | 12079487 | Several cytokines have demonstrated unique activity in the preclinical setting, including IL-2 and IFN-alpha -inducing cytokines such as IL12 and IL18. |
| 3928 | 12079487 | Several lines of evidence suggest that IL-12 and IL-2 provide complementary immunoregulatory signals and have now shown that in combination, these two cytokines mediate synergistic antitumour activity in preclinical tumour models. |
| 3929 | 12079487 | This paper will review existing data regarding mechanisms of interaction between IL-2 and IL-12 in vitro and in preclinial models and describe future opportunities for the investigation of these potentially promising cytokines in the treatment of cancer. |
| 3930 | 12079487 | IL-12/IL-2 combination cytokine therapy for solid tumours: translation from bench to bedside. |
| 3931 | 12079487 | Several cytokines have demonstrated unique activity in the preclinical setting, including IL-2 and IFN-alpha -inducing cytokines such as IL12 and IL18. |
| 3932 | 12079487 | Several lines of evidence suggest that IL-12 and IL-2 provide complementary immunoregulatory signals and have now shown that in combination, these two cytokines mediate synergistic antitumour activity in preclinical tumour models. |
| 3933 | 12079487 | This paper will review existing data regarding mechanisms of interaction between IL-2 and IL-12 in vitro and in preclinial models and describe future opportunities for the investigation of these potentially promising cytokines in the treatment of cancer. |
| 3934 | 12079558 | Using synthetic RNA standards, we quantified mRNAs of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), and MIP-1 beta in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lymph nodes from macaques chronically infected with SIV or SHIV. |
| 3935 | 12079558 | Viremic monkeys with decreased CD4(+) T cell counts (<500 cells/microl) had significantly higher IL-10 mRNA expression than uninfected controls, which parallels the findings in HIV-1-infected humans. |
| 3936 | 12079558 | In addition, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and RANTES mRNA expression increased in viremic monkeys with decreased CD4(+) T cell counts; gene expression was inversely correlated with CD4(+) T cell counts, but not viral load. |
| 3937 | 12082460 | We have constructed and tested five recombinant adenoviruses (Ads) that express a variety of immunomodulators, including CD40 ligand (CD40L), a potent costimulator of several components of the immune system. |
| 3938 | 12082460 | Subsequently, using a therapeutic approach, we found that local, intratumoral coinjection of CD40L- and IL-2-expressing Ads was superior to any other agents tested and resulted in an at least 1.9-fold increase in mean survival time, in contrast to systemic application of recombinant CD40L or GM-CSF proteins, which had no significant effects. |
| 3939 | 12082460 | When using vaccination as a therapeutic approach, the combinations of CD40L plus IL-2 or GM-CSF plus IL-2 from Ad gave rise to an extended (2.8-fold) increase in mean survival time. |
| 3940 | 12082460 | A detailed analysis of immune cells present within regressing tumors indicated that mainly CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and to a lesser extent dendritic cells, infiltrated the tumor mass, but not NK cells, macrophages, or granulocytes. |
| 3941 | 12082460 | These results propose that a combination of CD40L plus IL-2 has an improved efficacy over the use of single agents when applied for direct in situ therapy or vaccination therapy. |
| 3942 | 12082460 | We have constructed and tested five recombinant adenoviruses (Ads) that express a variety of immunomodulators, including CD40 ligand (CD40L), a potent costimulator of several components of the immune system. |
| 3943 | 12082460 | Subsequently, using a therapeutic approach, we found that local, intratumoral coinjection of CD40L- and IL-2-expressing Ads was superior to any other agents tested and resulted in an at least 1.9-fold increase in mean survival time, in contrast to systemic application of recombinant CD40L or GM-CSF proteins, which had no significant effects. |
| 3944 | 12082460 | When using vaccination as a therapeutic approach, the combinations of CD40L plus IL-2 or GM-CSF plus IL-2 from Ad gave rise to an extended (2.8-fold) increase in mean survival time. |
| 3945 | 12082460 | A detailed analysis of immune cells present within regressing tumors indicated that mainly CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and to a lesser extent dendritic cells, infiltrated the tumor mass, but not NK cells, macrophages, or granulocytes. |
| 3946 | 12082460 | These results propose that a combination of CD40L plus IL-2 has an improved efficacy over the use of single agents when applied for direct in situ therapy or vaccination therapy. |
| 3947 | 12082460 | We have constructed and tested five recombinant adenoviruses (Ads) that express a variety of immunomodulators, including CD40 ligand (CD40L), a potent costimulator of several components of the immune system. |
| 3948 | 12082460 | Subsequently, using a therapeutic approach, we found that local, intratumoral coinjection of CD40L- and IL-2-expressing Ads was superior to any other agents tested and resulted in an at least 1.9-fold increase in mean survival time, in contrast to systemic application of recombinant CD40L or GM-CSF proteins, which had no significant effects. |
| 3949 | 12082460 | When using vaccination as a therapeutic approach, the combinations of CD40L plus IL-2 or GM-CSF plus IL-2 from Ad gave rise to an extended (2.8-fold) increase in mean survival time. |
| 3950 | 12082460 | A detailed analysis of immune cells present within regressing tumors indicated that mainly CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and to a lesser extent dendritic cells, infiltrated the tumor mass, but not NK cells, macrophages, or granulocytes. |
| 3951 | 12082460 | These results propose that a combination of CD40L plus IL-2 has an improved efficacy over the use of single agents when applied for direct in situ therapy or vaccination therapy. |
| 3952 | 12096039 | In this study we have demonstrated that a recombinant BCG (rBCG) secreting biologically active IL-2 has the ability to induce a T(h)1 profile in both immunocompromised and in IL-4 transgenic (Tg) mice. |
| 3953 | 12096039 | In the IL-4 Tg model, mice vaccinated with rBCG again produced a strong T(h)1 immune response, exhibiting a high antigen-specific IFN-gamma:IL-4 ratio and a concomitantly high IgG2a:IgG1 ratio. |
| 3954 | 12097595 | The cellular immune responses generated by VLP immunization were both Th1 and Th2, since peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinees, but not placebo recipients, secreted interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-5, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to in vitro stimulation with HPV-11 VLP. |
| 3955 | 12097595 | The proliferation-based SI was moderately correlated with IFN-gamma production and significantly correlated with IL-2 production after the third immunization (P = 0.078 and 0.002, respectively). |
| 3956 | 12097595 | The cellular immune responses generated by VLP immunization were both Th1 and Th2, since peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinees, but not placebo recipients, secreted interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-5, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to in vitro stimulation with HPV-11 VLP. |
| 3957 | 12097595 | The proliferation-based SI was moderately correlated with IFN-gamma production and significantly correlated with IL-2 production after the third immunization (P = 0.078 and 0.002, respectively). |
| 3958 | 12114290 | In vitro cellular and humoral immune responses were measured to detect functional abnormalities in antigen presenting cells (autologous mixed leukocyte reactions and expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha); T cells (lymphocyte proliferation using the polyclonal T-cell activators phytohemagglutinin and Concanavalin A; primary immune responses in allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions; secondary immune response using the recall antigens tetanus toxoid, Candida albicans, and anthrax vaccine; and soluble IL-2 receptor expression); type-1 T-helper cells (gamma interferon expression); type-2 T-helper cells (IL-4 and IL-10 expression); and B cells (polyclonal B-cell activator pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin production). |
| 3959 | 12117934 | A higher expression of the interleukin-2 receptor was found on B and T cells from immunized mice when they were compared with control mice. |
| 3960 | 12117934 | Moreover, significantly increased levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) were produced by CD4+ T cells when lymphocytes from immunized mice, but not from control mice, were cultured in the presence of staphylococcal antigens. |
| 3961 | 12117934 | Moreover, a significant increase in the percentage of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was observed after S. aureus Ima challenge in immunized mice compared to challenged control mice. |
| 3962 | 12117934 | CD4+ and CD8+ T cells appear to be the main lymphocyte subpopulations involved in this response. |
| 3963 | 12133941 | These analyses revealed 1) optimal peptides capable of eliciting specific responses by themselves at doses as low as 2 pg/ml, with each log increase in dose eliciting ever-increasing frequencies of responding cells over a 4- to 5-log range; 2) significant augmentation of response frequencies at all submaximal peptide doses by CD28- and CD49d-mediated costimulation; 3) differential dose response and costimulatory characteristics for IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses; and 4) no association of activation requirements with the CD27-defined CD4(+) T cell memory differentiation pathway. |
| 3964 | 12142031 | T9 glioma cells expressing membrane-macrophage colony stimulating factor produce CD4+ T cell-associated protective immunity against T9 intracranial gliomas and systemic immunity against different syngeneic gliomas. |
| 3965 | 12142031 | CD4+ and CD8+ T splenocytes from immunized rats, when restimulated in vitro with T9 cells, produced interleukin-2 and -4. |
| 3966 | 12149420 | Although BRSV did not appear to replicate in MoDC or to affect expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II, or CD80/86, a higher percentage of cells exposed to live virus appeared to undergo apoptosis/necrosis. |
| 3967 | 12149420 | Exposure of MoDC to live BRSV induced more interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA and markedly less IL-12p40 and IL-15 mRNA than did heat-inactivated virus. |
| 3968 | 12149420 | Stimulation of CD4(+) T cells induced similar levels of IL-2-and IL-4-like activity and interferon-gamma. |
| 3969 | 12149420 | These observations suggest that while IL-10, produced by MoDC as a result of exposure to live BRSV, may affect IL-12 and IL-15 synthesis by MoDC, it does not appear to affect the cytokine response of BRSV-specific memory CD4(+) T cells. |
| 3970 | 12153522 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) basally and IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to GAD, were detected more frequently and at higher levels in diabetic compared to non-diabetic twins. |
| 3971 | 12153522 | OAS activity was increased in diabetic compared to non-diabetic twins and showed a correlation with basal IL-2 and GAD-stimulated IFN-gamma and IL-10. |
| 3972 | 12153522 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) basally and IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to GAD, were detected more frequently and at higher levels in diabetic compared to non-diabetic twins. |
| 3973 | 12153522 | OAS activity was increased in diabetic compared to non-diabetic twins and showed a correlation with basal IL-2 and GAD-stimulated IFN-gamma and IL-10. |
| 3974 | 12163272 | IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12 were consistently detected in challenged animals that had been vaccinated. |
| 3975 | 12163272 | Other cytokines--IL-1, IL-2, TNF, TGF and interferons--were not detected. |
| 3976 | 12163272 | Although the IL-6 and IL-8 did not relate to protection, IL-12 production was highest in the protected vaccinated pigs. |
| 3977 | 12163272 | Thus, the induction of monocytic cell activity, demonstrable by the production of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12, appears to play a critical role in FMDV emergency vaccine induction of the innate immune defences which relate to early protection against FMD. |
| 3978 | 12184913 | To assess the activities of ChIL-2 in vivo, we injected birds with recombinant ChIL-2 (rChIL-2) protein. rChIL-2 treatment induced peripheral blood lymphocytes to express cell surface IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) within 48 h and resulted in an increase in the proportion of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 3979 | 12198661 | Bacterial motif DNA as an adjuvant for the breakdown of immune self-tolerance to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. |
| 3980 | 12198661 | We therefore studied the effects of CpG motif-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) on responses to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC, the autoantigen in PBC) in a murine model. |
| 3981 | 12198661 | Administration of CpG ODN to SJL/J mice at the time of sensitization with PDC resulted in a significant skewing of splenic T-cell response to self-PDC, with significant augmentation of the Th1 cytokine response (interleukin [IL] 2 and interferon [IFN] gamma) and reduction of the Th2 response (IL-4 and IL-10). |
| 3982 | 12208110 | Peripheral blood cells showed increased interferon-gamma production and expression of interleukin-2 receptor (CD25) after stimulation with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens. |
| 3983 | 12213402 | Comparative study of immune responses induced after immunization with plasmids encoding the HIV-1 Nef protein under the control of the CMV-IE or the muscle-specific desmin promoter. |
| 3984 | 12213402 | The predominant IgG2a isotype of anti-Nef antibodies and the cytokine profile, mostly IL-2 and IFN-gamma, produced by Nef-stimulated spleen cells indicated a Th1 response in plasmid-immunized mice, in contrast to mice immunized with Nef-CFA, where a Th2 response was induced. |
| 3985 | 12218168 | In addition, proliferation and ex vivo IFN-gamma production of HCV-tetramer+ cells, but not influenza-virus-specific T cells, were defective in chronically infected patients and could not be restored by in vitro stimulation with peptide and IL-2. |
| 3986 | 12218888 | The aim of immune-based therapies in HIV infection is to enhance numbers and function of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes especially specific anti-HIV cellular immune responses in order to allow immune control of viral replication. |
| 3987 | 12218888 | Intermittent administration of subcutaneous IL-2 results in substantial increases in CD4 cell counts in most HIV-patients. |
| 3988 | 12218888 | Two large-scale phase III international studies are addressing the key remaining question of the clinical benefit associated with CD4 cell expansions in HIV-infected patients receiving IL-2. |
| 3989 | 12218888 | It has been demonstrated in rhesus monkeys'models that therapeutic immunizations can result in the induction of strong CD4 and CD8 responses associated with viral control and prevention of clinical AIDS, following challenge with a highly pathogenic strain of chimeric SIV-HIV. |
| 3990 | 12218888 | The aim of immune-based therapies in HIV infection is to enhance numbers and function of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes especially specific anti-HIV cellular immune responses in order to allow immune control of viral replication. |
| 3991 | 12218888 | Intermittent administration of subcutaneous IL-2 results in substantial increases in CD4 cell counts in most HIV-patients. |
| 3992 | 12218888 | Two large-scale phase III international studies are addressing the key remaining question of the clinical benefit associated with CD4 cell expansions in HIV-infected patients receiving IL-2. |
| 3993 | 12218888 | It has been demonstrated in rhesus monkeys'models that therapeutic immunizations can result in the induction of strong CD4 and CD8 responses associated with viral control and prevention of clinical AIDS, following challenge with a highly pathogenic strain of chimeric SIV-HIV. |
| 3994 | 12225814 | The effect of immunization with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D fused with interleukin-2 against murine herpetic keratitis. |
| 3995 | 12228286 | We designed a series of genetic constructs in which coding sequences for PsaA were linked to sequences encoding either murine interleukin-2 (mIL-2), mIL-4, or two copies of an immunostimulatory nonapeptide derived from mIL-1beta. |
| 3996 | 12228286 | Mice immunized twice with PsaA-IL-2, or PsaA-IL-4 responded with PsaA-specific antibody production comparable in magnitude to that of mice primed with PsaA in CFA and boosted with PsaA in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (PsaA-Adj). |
| 3997 | 12228286 | Antibodies elicited by PsaA-Adj were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, while PsaA-IL-2 and PsaA-IL-4 elicited substantial amounts of IgG2a in addition to IgG1. |
| 3998 | 12228286 | We designed a series of genetic constructs in which coding sequences for PsaA were linked to sequences encoding either murine interleukin-2 (mIL-2), mIL-4, or two copies of an immunostimulatory nonapeptide derived from mIL-1beta. |
| 3999 | 12228286 | Mice immunized twice with PsaA-IL-2, or PsaA-IL-4 responded with PsaA-specific antibody production comparable in magnitude to that of mice primed with PsaA in CFA and boosted with PsaA in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (PsaA-Adj). |
| 4000 | 12228286 | Antibodies elicited by PsaA-Adj were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, while PsaA-IL-2 and PsaA-IL-4 elicited substantial amounts of IgG2a in addition to IgG1. |
| 4001 | 12228286 | We designed a series of genetic constructs in which coding sequences for PsaA were linked to sequences encoding either murine interleukin-2 (mIL-2), mIL-4, or two copies of an immunostimulatory nonapeptide derived from mIL-1beta. |
| 4002 | 12228286 | Mice immunized twice with PsaA-IL-2, or PsaA-IL-4 responded with PsaA-specific antibody production comparable in magnitude to that of mice primed with PsaA in CFA and boosted with PsaA in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (PsaA-Adj). |
| 4003 | 12228286 | Antibodies elicited by PsaA-Adj were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, while PsaA-IL-2 and PsaA-IL-4 elicited substantial amounts of IgG2a in addition to IgG1. |
| 4004 | 12236413 | The full length cDNA encoding SjCTPI and P35, P40 amplified from pUC19-SjCTPI and murine IL-12 by PCR were subcloned into an eukaryotic expression vector (pcDNA3.1). |
| 4005 | 12236413 | Forty-five female C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups; each mouse of the control group was injected with 100 pg of pcDNA3.1 by i.m. route; the TPI group was injected with 100 microg of pcDNA3. 1-SjCTPI; the TPI+IL- 12 group was injected with 100 microg of pcDNA3.1-SjCTPI and 100 pg of mixture of pcDNA3.1-P35 and pcDNA3.1-P40. |
| 4006 | 12236413 | Culture of spleen cells showed the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma with the stimulation of specific antigen before and after challenge. |
| 4007 | 12236413 | The obvious rising of IL-2 in TPI group and TPI+IL-12 group before and after challenge was seen. |
| 4008 | 12236413 | The anti-rTPI antibody detection with Western-blot showed that ten serum samples from the control group were negative; nine of ten serum samples from the TPI group were weakly positive, eight of ten from the TPI+IL-12 group were weakly positive. |
| 4009 | 12236413 | The worm and egg reduction rates of TPI group and TPI+IL- 12 group were 27.9% and 13.7%, 31.9% and 18.6% respectively in comparison with the pcDNA group. pcDNA3.1-TPI DNA vaccine could confer partial protection against a subsequent challenge of Schistosoma japonicum in C57BL/6 mice and might therefore be a potential DNA vaccine. |
| 4010 | 12236413 | The full length cDNA encoding SjCTPI and P35, P40 amplified from pUC19-SjCTPI and murine IL-12 by PCR were subcloned into an eukaryotic expression vector (pcDNA3.1). |
| 4011 | 12236413 | Forty-five female C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups; each mouse of the control group was injected with 100 pg of pcDNA3.1 by i.m. route; the TPI group was injected with 100 microg of pcDNA3. 1-SjCTPI; the TPI+IL- 12 group was injected with 100 microg of pcDNA3.1-SjCTPI and 100 pg of mixture of pcDNA3.1-P35 and pcDNA3.1-P40. |
| 4012 | 12236413 | Culture of spleen cells showed the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma with the stimulation of specific antigen before and after challenge. |
| 4013 | 12236413 | The obvious rising of IL-2 in TPI group and TPI+IL-12 group before and after challenge was seen. |
| 4014 | 12236413 | The anti-rTPI antibody detection with Western-blot showed that ten serum samples from the control group were negative; nine of ten serum samples from the TPI group were weakly positive, eight of ten from the TPI+IL-12 group were weakly positive. |
| 4015 | 12236413 | The worm and egg reduction rates of TPI group and TPI+IL- 12 group were 27.9% and 13.7%, 31.9% and 18.6% respectively in comparison with the pcDNA group. pcDNA3.1-TPI DNA vaccine could confer partial protection against a subsequent challenge of Schistosoma japonicum in C57BL/6 mice and might therefore be a potential DNA vaccine. |
| 4016 | 12243780 | Assessment of in vitro granuloma supernatant of spleen cells from PIII-loaded macrophages vaccinated mice revealed significant amounts of Th1-cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 compared to control cells. |
| 4017 | 12350054 | We provide evidence that patients with advanced breast and ovarian cancer can be efficiently vaccinated with autologous DC pulsed with HER-2/neu- or MUC1-derived peptides. |
| 4018 | 12350054 | In addition, in one patient vaccinated with the MUC1-derived peptides, CEA- and MAGE-3 peptide-specific T-cell responses were detected after several vaccinations. |
| 4019 | 12350054 | In a second patient immunized with the HER-2/neu peptides, MUC1-specific T lymphocytes were induced after seven immunizations, suggesting that antigen spreading in vivo might occur after successful immunization with a single tumor antigen. |
| 4020 | 12350054 | In this ongoing trial one patient with metastatic RCC developed a partial remission of the metastatic sites was induced after the first four vaccinations with MUC1 peptides pulsed DC, that was ongoing after the next cycles containing IL-2. |
| 4021 | 12355355 | In addition, antigen-stimulated spleen cells from mice primed with MVA-gD2 and boosted with either MVA-gD2 or pgD2 produced higher levels of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma than did those from pgD2-primed mice, indicating that a prime-boost immunization strategy that uses the MVA and plasmid DNA vector dramatically enhances and diversifies the humoral and cellular immune response to HSV-2 gD. |
| 4022 | 12381578 | Cellular responses induced in two Creole goats by vaccination with killed Cowdria ruminantium (Cowdria) were confirmed by IFN-gamma production and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression. |
| 4023 | 12381578 | Both CD4+ and CD8+ but not WC1+ T cells showed a substantial increase in cell surface expression of IL-2R molecules in response to whole Cowdria lysate. |
| 4024 | 12384537 | The vaccines used were recombinant vaccinia virus containing the transgenes for CEA and three T-cell costimulatory molecules [B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3, designated recombinant vaccinia (rV)-CEA/TRICOM], with each transgene under the control of individual poxvirus promoters, and a replication-defective avipox virus (fowlpox; rF) containing the same four transgenes (designated rF-CEA/TRICOM). |
| 4025 | 12384537 | The results demonstrate that (a) continued boosting with vaccine is required to maintain CEA-specific T-cell responses, and boosting with rF-CEA/TRICOM is superior to boosting with rF-CEA; (b) a diversified vaccination protocol consisting of primary vaccination with rV-CEA/TRICOM followed by boosting with rF-CEA/TRICOM is more efficacious than homogeneous vaccination with rF-CEA/TRICOM in the induction of both CEA-specific T-cell responses and antitumor activity; and (c) the use of cytokines, local granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and low-dose systemic interleukin 2, in combination with vaccine is essential in inducing antitumor activity, as compared with the use of cytokines alone, or the use of vaccines without cytokine. |
| 4026 | 12384537 | Both GM-CSF and interleukin 2 were shown to contribute to the induction of CEA-specific T-cell responses. |
| 4027 | 12384537 | The vaccines used were recombinant vaccinia virus containing the transgenes for CEA and three T-cell costimulatory molecules [B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3, designated recombinant vaccinia (rV)-CEA/TRICOM], with each transgene under the control of individual poxvirus promoters, and a replication-defective avipox virus (fowlpox; rF) containing the same four transgenes (designated rF-CEA/TRICOM). |
| 4028 | 12384537 | The results demonstrate that (a) continued boosting with vaccine is required to maintain CEA-specific T-cell responses, and boosting with rF-CEA/TRICOM is superior to boosting with rF-CEA; (b) a diversified vaccination protocol consisting of primary vaccination with rV-CEA/TRICOM followed by boosting with rF-CEA/TRICOM is more efficacious than homogeneous vaccination with rF-CEA/TRICOM in the induction of both CEA-specific T-cell responses and antitumor activity; and (c) the use of cytokines, local granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and low-dose systemic interleukin 2, in combination with vaccine is essential in inducing antitumor activity, as compared with the use of cytokines alone, or the use of vaccines without cytokine. |
| 4029 | 12384537 | Both GM-CSF and interleukin 2 were shown to contribute to the induction of CEA-specific T-cell responses. |
| 4030 | 12384805 | In the group with only one invaded lymph node, the estimated relapse rate was significantly lower ( P(adjusted)=0.0285) and the overall survival was increased ( P(adjusted)=0.039) in the TIL+IL-2 arm compared with the IL-2 only arm. |
| 4031 | 12391194 | High-affinity HLA-A(*)02.01 peptides from parathyroid hormone-related protein generate in vitro and in vivo antitumor CTL response without autoimmune side effects. |
| 4032 | 12391194 | Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP), a protein produced by prostate carcinoma and other epithelial cancers, is a key agent in the development of bone metastases. |
| 4033 | 12391194 | We investigated whether the protein follows the self-tolerance paradigm or can be used as a target Ag for anticancer immunotherapy by investigating the immunogenicity of two HLA-A(*)02.01-binding PTH-rP-derived peptides (PTR-2 and -4) with different affinity qualities. |
| 4034 | 12391194 | PTH-rP peptide-specific CTL lines were generated from the PBMC of two HLA-A(*)02.01(+) healthy individuals, stimulated in vitro with PTH-rP peptide-loaded autologous dendritic cells and IL-2. |
| 4035 | 12391205 | Systemic administration of IL-15 augments the antigen-specific primary CD8+ T cell response following vaccination with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. |
| 4036 | 12391205 | A recently identified cytokine, IL-15, shares many properties with IL-2 and may provide a preferential means of augmenting T cell-directed vaccine responses. |
| 4037 | 12391205 | We did not observe either enhanced resistance to activation-induced cell death or preferential generation of memory T cells as a result of treatment with IL-15 compared with IL-2. |
| 4038 | 12391205 | These studies show for the first time that IL-15 is capable of augmenting the primary CD8(+) T cell response to vaccination and contribute to the basis for future experiments exploring the clinical role of IL-15. |
| 4039 | 12391205 | Systemic administration of IL-15 augments the antigen-specific primary CD8+ T cell response following vaccination with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. |
| 4040 | 12391205 | A recently identified cytokine, IL-15, shares many properties with IL-2 and may provide a preferential means of augmenting T cell-directed vaccine responses. |
| 4041 | 12391205 | We did not observe either enhanced resistance to activation-induced cell death or preferential generation of memory T cells as a result of treatment with IL-15 compared with IL-2. |
| 4042 | 12391205 | These studies show for the first time that IL-15 is capable of augmenting the primary CD8(+) T cell response to vaccination and contribute to the basis for future experiments exploring the clinical role of IL-15. |
| 4043 | 12391256 | Vaccination significantly expanded both virus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses, and IL-2 further increased the vaccine-induced response to an immunodominant Gag epitope. |
| 4044 | 12391256 | Following antiretroviral treatment interruption, the viral set point was significantly lower in vaccinated than in control macaques for at least 4 consecutive mo, and viral containment was inversely correlated with vaccine-induced, virus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 4045 | 12393580 | We achieved this by immunization with a tyrosine hydroxylase (mTH)-based DNA vaccine, enhanced with the posttranscriptional regulatory acting RNA element (WPRE), derived from woodchuck hepatitis virus in combination with an antibody-cytokine fusion protein (ch14.18-IL-2) that targets interleukin-2 (IL-2) to the tumor microenvironment. |
| 4046 | 12393580 | Thus, up-regulation of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) expression in CD8(+) T cells occurred only in those animals that received the mTH-WPRE vaccine plus the ch14.18-IL-2 boost. |
| 4047 | 12393580 | We achieved this by immunization with a tyrosine hydroxylase (mTH)-based DNA vaccine, enhanced with the posttranscriptional regulatory acting RNA element (WPRE), derived from woodchuck hepatitis virus in combination with an antibody-cytokine fusion protein (ch14.18-IL-2) that targets interleukin-2 (IL-2) to the tumor microenvironment. |
| 4048 | 12393580 | Thus, up-regulation of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) expression in CD8(+) T cells occurred only in those animals that received the mTH-WPRE vaccine plus the ch14.18-IL-2 boost. |
| 4049 | 12399202 | CD4+ and CD8+ mediated cellular immune response to recombinant influenza nucleoprotein. |
| 4050 | 12399202 | The stimulatory properties of soluble recombinant influenza nucleoprotein (NP) on purified CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from young and elderly individuals were studied. |
| 4051 | 12399202 | Recombinant influenza NP failed to induce proliferation of resting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the absence of IL-2. |
| 4052 | 12399202 | Addition of small amounts of IL-2, however, led to strong proliferation of resting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from young and elderly donors. |
| 4053 | 12399202 | NP-reactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell lines from both age groups grew equally well under long-term culture conditions. |
| 4054 | 12399202 | Stimulation of CD8(+) T cells is presumably due to cross-presentation, as EBV-transformed MHC class I-positive cell lines, which are incapable of antigen processing, stimulated live influenza virus-reactive CD8(+) T cell lines when loaded with NP-derived immunodominant peptides but not following loading with the whole NP molecule. |
| 4055 | 12399202 | CD4+ and CD8+ mediated cellular immune response to recombinant influenza nucleoprotein. |
| 4056 | 12399202 | The stimulatory properties of soluble recombinant influenza nucleoprotein (NP) on purified CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from young and elderly individuals were studied. |
| 4057 | 12399202 | Recombinant influenza NP failed to induce proliferation of resting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the absence of IL-2. |
| 4058 | 12399202 | Addition of small amounts of IL-2, however, led to strong proliferation of resting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from young and elderly donors. |
| 4059 | 12399202 | NP-reactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell lines from both age groups grew equally well under long-term culture conditions. |
| 4060 | 12399202 | Stimulation of CD8(+) T cells is presumably due to cross-presentation, as EBV-transformed MHC class I-positive cell lines, which are incapable of antigen processing, stimulated live influenza virus-reactive CD8(+) T cell lines when loaded with NP-derived immunodominant peptides but not following loading with the whole NP molecule. |
| 4061 | 12406657 | To examine the role of different T lymphocyte subsets in the development of this protective immunity, CD4(+), CD8(+) and gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR)(+) cells from peripheral blood of goat kids vaccinated with live attenuated strains of M. a. paratuberculosis were studied. |
| 4062 | 12406657 | After in vitro stimulation with purified protein derivate, the expression of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and the activation marker interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) was analysed by flow cytometry. |
| 4063 | 12406657 | Close to all of the IFN-gamma producing cells were of the CD4(+) subset, while only a small number were CD8(+) cells. |
| 4064 | 12406657 | Depletion of CD4(+) cells lead to a decrease in the percentage of total gamma delta TCR(+) cells and gamma delta TCR(+)IL2-R(+) cells. |
| 4065 | 12406657 | Removing the gamma delta TCR(+) cells increased the relative numbers of CD4(+), but not the CD4(+)IL-2R(+) cells. |
| 4066 | 12406881 | Local and systemic effects of an allogeneic tumor cell vaccine combining transgenic human lymphotactin with interleukin-2 in patients with advanced or refractory neuroblastoma. |
| 4067 | 12406881 | They received up to 8 subcutaneous injections of a vaccine combining lymphotactin (Lptn)- and interleukin-2 (IL-2)-secreting allogeneic neuroblastoma cells in a dose-escalating scheme. |
| 4068 | 12406881 | Injection-site biopsies revealed increased cellularity caused by infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, eosinophils, and Langerhans cells. |
| 4069 | 12406881 | Systemically, the vaccine produced a 2-fold (P =.035) expansion of CD4+ T cells, a 3.5-fold (P =.039) expansion of natural killer (NK) cells, a 2.1-fold (P =.014) expansion of eosinophils, and a 1.6-fold (P =.049) increase in serum IL-5. |
| 4070 | 12406881 | Supernatant collected from restimulated cells showed increased amounts of IL-4 (11.4-fold; P =.021) and IL-5 (8.7-fold; P =.002). |
| 4071 | 12406881 | Hence, allogeneic tumor cell vaccines combining transgenic Lptn with IL-2 appear to have little toxicity in humans and can induce an antitumor immune response. |
| 4072 | 12406881 | Local and systemic effects of an allogeneic tumor cell vaccine combining transgenic human lymphotactin with interleukin-2 in patients with advanced or refractory neuroblastoma. |
| 4073 | 12406881 | They received up to 8 subcutaneous injections of a vaccine combining lymphotactin (Lptn)- and interleukin-2 (IL-2)-secreting allogeneic neuroblastoma cells in a dose-escalating scheme. |
| 4074 | 12406881 | Injection-site biopsies revealed increased cellularity caused by infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, eosinophils, and Langerhans cells. |
| 4075 | 12406881 | Systemically, the vaccine produced a 2-fold (P =.035) expansion of CD4+ T cells, a 3.5-fold (P =.039) expansion of natural killer (NK) cells, a 2.1-fold (P =.014) expansion of eosinophils, and a 1.6-fold (P =.049) increase in serum IL-5. |
| 4076 | 12406881 | Supernatant collected from restimulated cells showed increased amounts of IL-4 (11.4-fold; P =.021) and IL-5 (8.7-fold; P =.002). |
| 4077 | 12406881 | Hence, allogeneic tumor cell vaccines combining transgenic Lptn with IL-2 appear to have little toxicity in humans and can induce an antitumor immune response. |
| 4078 | 12406881 | Local and systemic effects of an allogeneic tumor cell vaccine combining transgenic human lymphotactin with interleukin-2 in patients with advanced or refractory neuroblastoma. |
| 4079 | 12406881 | They received up to 8 subcutaneous injections of a vaccine combining lymphotactin (Lptn)- and interleukin-2 (IL-2)-secreting allogeneic neuroblastoma cells in a dose-escalating scheme. |
| 4080 | 12406881 | Injection-site biopsies revealed increased cellularity caused by infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, eosinophils, and Langerhans cells. |
| 4081 | 12406881 | Systemically, the vaccine produced a 2-fold (P =.035) expansion of CD4+ T cells, a 3.5-fold (P =.039) expansion of natural killer (NK) cells, a 2.1-fold (P =.014) expansion of eosinophils, and a 1.6-fold (P =.049) increase in serum IL-5. |
| 4082 | 12406881 | Supernatant collected from restimulated cells showed increased amounts of IL-4 (11.4-fold; P =.021) and IL-5 (8.7-fold; P =.002). |
| 4083 | 12406881 | Hence, allogeneic tumor cell vaccines combining transgenic Lptn with IL-2 appear to have little toxicity in humans and can induce an antitumor immune response. |
| 4084 | 12407510 | Various interleukin-2 (IL-2) dosing schedules and combinations with interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) have been tested in patients with advanced melanoma during the past decade. |
| 4085 | 12407510 | The response rates reported with IL-2 as a single agent or in combination with IFN-alpha varies from 10% to 41%, with a small, but remarkable proportion of durable responses. |
| 4086 | 12407510 | Subsequently, biochemotherapy regimens combining IL-2, IFN-alpha, and chemotherapy have been evaluated in phase II trials, which have suggested improved response rates. |
| 4087 | 12407510 | Various interleukin-2 (IL-2) dosing schedules and combinations with interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) have been tested in patients with advanced melanoma during the past decade. |
| 4088 | 12407510 | The response rates reported with IL-2 as a single agent or in combination with IFN-alpha varies from 10% to 41%, with a small, but remarkable proportion of durable responses. |
| 4089 | 12407510 | Subsequently, biochemotherapy regimens combining IL-2, IFN-alpha, and chemotherapy have been evaluated in phase II trials, which have suggested improved response rates. |
| 4090 | 12407510 | Various interleukin-2 (IL-2) dosing schedules and combinations with interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) have been tested in patients with advanced melanoma during the past decade. |
| 4091 | 12407510 | The response rates reported with IL-2 as a single agent or in combination with IFN-alpha varies from 10% to 41%, with a small, but remarkable proportion of durable responses. |
| 4092 | 12407510 | Subsequently, biochemotherapy regimens combining IL-2, IFN-alpha, and chemotherapy have been evaluated in phase II trials, which have suggested improved response rates. |
| 4093 | 12412750 | The first peak seemed to be mitogenically induced, as it was demonstrated in T cell cultures from asymptomatic HBsAg carrier, HB-immune donors as well as HB-susceptible controls and exhibited similar kinetics to that of the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) induced IL-2 secretion. |
| 4094 | 12433688 | This lack of proliferative ability of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells is defined by surface expression of CD57 but not by absence of CD28 or CCR7. |
| 4095 | 12433688 | This inability to proliferate in response to antigen cannot be overcome by exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-15. |
| 4096 | 12433688 | Furthermore, CD57 expression on CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+) T cells, and NK cells is a general marker of proliferative inability, a history of more cell divisions, and short telomeres. |
| 4097 | 12441072 | Enhanced clearance of herpes simplex virus type 1 and reduced herpetic eye disease in STAT6 knockout mice is associated with increased IL-2. |
| 4098 | 12441072 | STAT6 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 6)-deficient (STAT6-/-) mice have defects in IL-4- and IL-13-mediated functions and thus have a reduced T(H)2-mediated immune response. |
| 4099 | 12441072 | Lymphocytes from both vaccinated and mock-vaccinated STAT6-/- mice secreted higher amounts of IL-2 than lymphocytes from BALB/c mice, in the presence or absence of stimulation with UV-inactivated HSV-1. |
| 4100 | 12441072 | Finally, depletion of IL-2 increased ocular virus replication in STAT6-/- mice to levels similar to that measured in BALB/c mice. |
| 4101 | 12441072 | Our results suggest that in the absence of the STAT6 pathway, IL-2-mediated immune responses are up-regulated. |
| 4102 | 12441072 | Enhanced clearance of herpes simplex virus type 1 and reduced herpetic eye disease in STAT6 knockout mice is associated with increased IL-2. |
| 4103 | 12441072 | STAT6 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 6)-deficient (STAT6-/-) mice have defects in IL-4- and IL-13-mediated functions and thus have a reduced T(H)2-mediated immune response. |
| 4104 | 12441072 | Lymphocytes from both vaccinated and mock-vaccinated STAT6-/- mice secreted higher amounts of IL-2 than lymphocytes from BALB/c mice, in the presence or absence of stimulation with UV-inactivated HSV-1. |
| 4105 | 12441072 | Finally, depletion of IL-2 increased ocular virus replication in STAT6-/- mice to levels similar to that measured in BALB/c mice. |
| 4106 | 12441072 | Our results suggest that in the absence of the STAT6 pathway, IL-2-mediated immune responses are up-regulated. |
| 4107 | 12441072 | Enhanced clearance of herpes simplex virus type 1 and reduced herpetic eye disease in STAT6 knockout mice is associated with increased IL-2. |
| 4108 | 12441072 | STAT6 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 6)-deficient (STAT6-/-) mice have defects in IL-4- and IL-13-mediated functions and thus have a reduced T(H)2-mediated immune response. |
| 4109 | 12441072 | Lymphocytes from both vaccinated and mock-vaccinated STAT6-/- mice secreted higher amounts of IL-2 than lymphocytes from BALB/c mice, in the presence or absence of stimulation with UV-inactivated HSV-1. |
| 4110 | 12441072 | Finally, depletion of IL-2 increased ocular virus replication in STAT6-/- mice to levels similar to that measured in BALB/c mice. |
| 4111 | 12441072 | Our results suggest that in the absence of the STAT6 pathway, IL-2-mediated immune responses are up-regulated. |
| 4112 | 12441072 | Enhanced clearance of herpes simplex virus type 1 and reduced herpetic eye disease in STAT6 knockout mice is associated with increased IL-2. |
| 4113 | 12441072 | STAT6 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 6)-deficient (STAT6-/-) mice have defects in IL-4- and IL-13-mediated functions and thus have a reduced T(H)2-mediated immune response. |
| 4114 | 12441072 | Lymphocytes from both vaccinated and mock-vaccinated STAT6-/- mice secreted higher amounts of IL-2 than lymphocytes from BALB/c mice, in the presence or absence of stimulation with UV-inactivated HSV-1. |
| 4115 | 12441072 | Finally, depletion of IL-2 increased ocular virus replication in STAT6-/- mice to levels similar to that measured in BALB/c mice. |
| 4116 | 12441072 | Our results suggest that in the absence of the STAT6 pathway, IL-2-mediated immune responses are up-regulated. |
| 4117 | 12450689 | In addition, the induction of high levels of IFNgamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNA in PBMC, splenocytes, and intraepithelial lymphocytes from the immunized animals was detected until at least 110 weeks post-inoculation. |
| 4118 | 12455400 | A number of novel adjuvants have been reported in recent years including: i) bacterial toxins such as cholera toxin, CT, and the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin, LT; ii) less toxic derivatives of CT and LT; iii) endogenous human immunomodulators, such as IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF; iv) hormones; v) lipopeptides; vi) saponins, such as QS-21; vii) synthetic oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN); viii) lipid 'A derivatives, such as monophosphoryl lipid A, MPL, and ix) muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivatives. |
| 4119 | 12480696 | One subset of human NK cells (CD56(bright)) constitutively expresses the high-affinity interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor and produces immunoregulatory cytokines. |
| 4120 | 12480696 | Here, we demonstrate that CD56(bright) NK cells are present in human lymph nodes and that endogenous T cell-derived IL-2, acting through the NK high-affinity IL-2 receptor, costimulates CD56(bright) NK cells to secrete IFN-gamma. |
| 4121 | 12480696 | One subset of human NK cells (CD56(bright)) constitutively expresses the high-affinity interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor and produces immunoregulatory cytokines. |
| 4122 | 12480696 | Here, we demonstrate that CD56(bright) NK cells are present in human lymph nodes and that endogenous T cell-derived IL-2, acting through the NK high-affinity IL-2 receptor, costimulates CD56(bright) NK cells to secrete IFN-gamma. |
| 4123 | 12492573 | Therapeutic effects of idiotype vaccination can be enhanced by the combination of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 2 in a myeloma model. |
| 4124 | 12492573 | In an attempt to improve the antitumoral potential, we added granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) to the protocol. |
| 4125 | 12492573 | In animals inoculated with 10(5) myeloma cells, treatment with IL-2 given as a single agent prolonged the median survival time (MST, 67 d) when compared with the tumour control group (MST 48 d), whereas GM-CSF did not elicit any survival benefit (MST 49 d). |
| 4126 | 12492573 | These data provide evidence for the combined use of GM-CSF and IL-2 to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of clinical cancer vaccination protocols. |
| 4127 | 12492573 | Therapeutic effects of idiotype vaccination can be enhanced by the combination of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 2 in a myeloma model. |
| 4128 | 12492573 | In an attempt to improve the antitumoral potential, we added granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) to the protocol. |
| 4129 | 12492573 | In animals inoculated with 10(5) myeloma cells, treatment with IL-2 given as a single agent prolonged the median survival time (MST, 67 d) when compared with the tumour control group (MST 48 d), whereas GM-CSF did not elicit any survival benefit (MST 49 d). |
| 4130 | 12492573 | These data provide evidence for the combined use of GM-CSF and IL-2 to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of clinical cancer vaccination protocols. |
| 4131 | 12492573 | Therapeutic effects of idiotype vaccination can be enhanced by the combination of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 2 in a myeloma model. |
| 4132 | 12492573 | In an attempt to improve the antitumoral potential, we added granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) to the protocol. |
| 4133 | 12492573 | In animals inoculated with 10(5) myeloma cells, treatment with IL-2 given as a single agent prolonged the median survival time (MST, 67 d) when compared with the tumour control group (MST 48 d), whereas GM-CSF did not elicit any survival benefit (MST 49 d). |
| 4134 | 12492573 | These data provide evidence for the combined use of GM-CSF and IL-2 to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of clinical cancer vaccination protocols. |
| 4135 | 12492573 | Therapeutic effects of idiotype vaccination can be enhanced by the combination of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 2 in a myeloma model. |
| 4136 | 12492573 | In an attempt to improve the antitumoral potential, we added granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) to the protocol. |
| 4137 | 12492573 | In animals inoculated with 10(5) myeloma cells, treatment with IL-2 given as a single agent prolonged the median survival time (MST, 67 d) when compared with the tumour control group (MST 48 d), whereas GM-CSF did not elicit any survival benefit (MST 49 d). |
| 4138 | 12492573 | These data provide evidence for the combined use of GM-CSF and IL-2 to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of clinical cancer vaccination protocols. |
| 4139 | 12496199 | Th1-type spleen cell cytokine secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was analyzed in response to purified Ag85 components and synthetic overlapping peptides covering the three mature sequences. |
| 4140 | 12496199 | In contrast, spleen cells from both mouse strains produced elevated levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma following vaccination with Ag85A, Ag85B, and Ag85C DNA in response to peptides of the three Ag85 proteins, and the epitope repertoire was broader than in infected mice. |
| 4141 | 12496199 | Th1-type spleen cell cytokine secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was analyzed in response to purified Ag85 components and synthetic overlapping peptides covering the three mature sequences. |
| 4142 | 12496199 | In contrast, spleen cells from both mouse strains produced elevated levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma following vaccination with Ag85A, Ag85B, and Ag85C DNA in response to peptides of the three Ag85 proteins, and the epitope repertoire was broader than in infected mice. |
| 4143 | 12496450 | IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells with a CD62L++(bright) phenotype accumulate in a subgroup of older adults and are associated with the maintenance of intact humoral immunity in old age. |
| 4144 | 12496450 | We now demonstrate an IL-4-producing subpopulation of CD8+ T cells in a subgroup of healthy older adults. |
| 4145 | 12496450 | This T cell subset is substantial in size and has a characteristic phenotype expressing CD45RO, CD28, CD62L, and CD25. |
| 4146 | 12496450 | IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells produce large amounts of IL-2 but not IFN-gamma or perforin, and these cells do not have a regulatory suppressive effect on other T cells. |
| 4147 | 12496450 | In vivo IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells can be stably detected over a year. |
| 4148 | 12496450 | In this age group, IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells are more frequent in persons who are still capable of raising a humoral immune response following immunization than in others who fail to produce protective Abs after vaccination. |
| 4149 | 12507600 | However, cancer treatment by recombinant IL-2 or IFN-alpha still represents today the best therapeutic way for the treatment of renal carcinoma, melanoma and in some cases lymphoma. |
| 4150 | 12514432 | CD4+CD25+ suppressor lymphocytes in the circulation of patients immunized against melanoma antigens. |
| 4151 | 12514432 | Murine studies have suggested that a population of CD4+ T cells expressing the alpha chain of the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (CD25+) are phenotypically anergic in response to T cell receptor stimulation and can suppress the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 4152 | 12514432 | CD4+ CD25+, CD4+ CD25-, and a 1:1 ratio of these isolated T cells were stimulated with soluble anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of irradiated T cell-depleted PBMCs, and proliferation was assessed by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation. |
| 4153 | 12514432 | In 13 patients, isolated CD4+CD25+ T cells proliferated 68% (+/- 5.8%) less than separately cultured CD4+ CD25- T cells. |
| 4154 | 12514432 | Moreover, CD4+ CD25+ T cells suppressed the proliferation of an equal number of cocultured CD4+ CD25+ T cells in 11 of 13 patients by an average of 60% (+/- 4.9%). |
| 4155 | 12514432 | The degree of suppression was proportional to the numbers of CD4+ CD25+ T cells. |
| 4156 | 12514432 | Addition of high-dose IL-2 reversed the hypoproliferative phenotype of the CD4+ CD25+ T cells and abrogated their suppressive function. |
| 4157 | 12514432 | These studies demonstrate that anergic and functionally suppressive CD4+ CD25+ T cells exist in patients with melanoma undergoing tumor antigen immunization and thus may play a role in modifying the magnitude of the T cell response to immunization. |
| 4158 | 12514432 | CD4+CD25+ suppressor lymphocytes in the circulation of patients immunized against melanoma antigens. |
| 4159 | 12514432 | Murine studies have suggested that a population of CD4+ T cells expressing the alpha chain of the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (CD25+) are phenotypically anergic in response to T cell receptor stimulation and can suppress the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 4160 | 12514432 | CD4+ CD25+, CD4+ CD25-, and a 1:1 ratio of these isolated T cells were stimulated with soluble anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of irradiated T cell-depleted PBMCs, and proliferation was assessed by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation. |
| 4161 | 12514432 | In 13 patients, isolated CD4+CD25+ T cells proliferated 68% (+/- 5.8%) less than separately cultured CD4+ CD25- T cells. |
| 4162 | 12514432 | Moreover, CD4+ CD25+ T cells suppressed the proliferation of an equal number of cocultured CD4+ CD25+ T cells in 11 of 13 patients by an average of 60% (+/- 4.9%). |
| 4163 | 12514432 | The degree of suppression was proportional to the numbers of CD4+ CD25+ T cells. |
| 4164 | 12514432 | Addition of high-dose IL-2 reversed the hypoproliferative phenotype of the CD4+ CD25+ T cells and abrogated their suppressive function. |
| 4165 | 12514432 | These studies demonstrate that anergic and functionally suppressive CD4+ CD25+ T cells exist in patients with melanoma undergoing tumor antigen immunization and thus may play a role in modifying the magnitude of the T cell response to immunization. |
| 4166 | 12519306 | When autologous T cells were co-cultured with BCG-exposed DC they became highly activated, as determined by display of CD25, CD54 and CD71 on both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. |
| 4167 | 12519306 | Cytokine production from T cells cultured with BCG-exposed DC was enhanced with elevated secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and was produced by both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes as determined by intracellular staining. |
| 4168 | 12519306 | In particular, IFN-gamma secretion was increased from 50 pg/ml to 25 000 pg/ml and IL-10 secretion increased from 20 pg/ml to 300 pg/ml in BCG-exposed DC co-cultures. |
| 4169 | 12519306 | Blocking antibodies to B7.1 and B7.2 or IL-12 significantly reduced the secretion of IFN-gamma and reductions were also seen in the expression of CD25 and CD71 by CD4+ cells. |
| 4170 | 12522051 | Fifteen human cytokines (interleukin 1alpha [IL-1alpha], IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were validated with a panel of healthy individuals, rheumatoid arthritis patients, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. |
| 4171 | 12526058 | Spleen cells from mice immunized nasally with the vaccine and toxin produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) at the same level on restimulation in vitro with glycoprotein H: glycoprotein L (gH:gL), gB, and gE:gI, but not IL-4. |
| 4172 | 12526058 | The spleen cells from mice immunized with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI and toxin produced IL-2 on restimulation with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI, respectively, and the vaccine, but not IL-4. |
| 4173 | 12526058 | Immunization with gH:gL and the toxin showed increased thymidine uptake and production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) of the spleen cells, but not IL-4, depending on the dose of gH:gL used for immunization and restimulation in vitro. |
| 4174 | 12526058 | Spleen cells from mice immunized nasally with the vaccine and toxin produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) at the same level on restimulation in vitro with glycoprotein H: glycoprotein L (gH:gL), gB, and gE:gI, but not IL-4. |
| 4175 | 12526058 | The spleen cells from mice immunized with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI and toxin produced IL-2 on restimulation with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI, respectively, and the vaccine, but not IL-4. |
| 4176 | 12526058 | Immunization with gH:gL and the toxin showed increased thymidine uptake and production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) of the spleen cells, but not IL-4, depending on the dose of gH:gL used for immunization and restimulation in vitro. |
| 4177 | 12526058 | Spleen cells from mice immunized nasally with the vaccine and toxin produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) at the same level on restimulation in vitro with glycoprotein H: glycoprotein L (gH:gL), gB, and gE:gI, but not IL-4. |
| 4178 | 12526058 | The spleen cells from mice immunized with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI and toxin produced IL-2 on restimulation with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI, respectively, and the vaccine, but not IL-4. |
| 4179 | 12526058 | Immunization with gH:gL and the toxin showed increased thymidine uptake and production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) of the spleen cells, but not IL-4, depending on the dose of gH:gL used for immunization and restimulation in vitro. |
| 4180 | 12531331 | In these studies, plasmid vaccines supplemented by IL-2 Ig cytokine gene adjuvants or boosted by recombinant MVA vectors expressing relevant SIV and HIV antigens prevented CD4(+) T-cell loss and lowered viral loads following pathogenic challenge. |
| 4181 | 12539570 | With ELISA kit, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum and the splenic lymphocytic cultured supernatant were detected. |
| 4182 | 12539570 | The results showed that after the mice were immunized with 100 micrograms/mouse of Hsp70 DNA vaccine intramuscularly, the splenic lymphocytic proliferating ability in the mice was significantly increased as compared with that in the control group, vector group and Hsp65 DNA vaccine group (P < 0.01); The contents of NO in the intraperitoneal macrophages of the mice were significantly lower than in the control group and Hsp65 DNA vaccine group (P < 0.01); The levels of serum IL-2 in the mice were significantly higher than in the control group, but there was no statistical difference between Hsp65 DNA group and vector group (P > 0.05); The contents of serum IFN-gamma in the mice were significantly higher than in the control group, but significantly lower than in the Hsp65 DNA vaccine group (P < 0.05). |
| 4183 | 12539570 | With ELISA kit, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum and the splenic lymphocytic cultured supernatant were detected. |
| 4184 | 12539570 | The results showed that after the mice were immunized with 100 micrograms/mouse of Hsp70 DNA vaccine intramuscularly, the splenic lymphocytic proliferating ability in the mice was significantly increased as compared with that in the control group, vector group and Hsp65 DNA vaccine group (P < 0.01); The contents of NO in the intraperitoneal macrophages of the mice were significantly lower than in the control group and Hsp65 DNA vaccine group (P < 0.01); The levels of serum IL-2 in the mice were significantly higher than in the control group, but there was no statistical difference between Hsp65 DNA group and vector group (P > 0.05); The contents of serum IFN-gamma in the mice were significantly higher than in the control group, but significantly lower than in the Hsp65 DNA vaccine group (P < 0.05). |
| 4185 | 12544797 | A 6-year-old girl with neuroblastoma developed swelling and erythema of her right upper eyelid following administration of an interleukin-2 and lymphotactin gene-modified allogeneic neuroblastoma cell vaccine. |
| 4186 | 12547599 | Moderately immunogenic HPV 16-associated tumours TC-1 (MHC class I(+), HPV 16 E6/E7(+), G12V Ha-ras(+)) and MK16/1/III ABC (MHC class I(-), HPV 16 E6/E7(+), G12V Ha-ras(+)), both of the H-2(b) haplotype and transplanted in syngeneic mice, were used to examine the adjuvant effects of IL-2 and dendritic cells for surgical therapy. |
| 4187 | 12552459 | Interleukin-2 Increases CD4+ lymphocyte numbers but does not enhance responses to immunization: results of A5046s. |
| 4188 | 12552459 | To ascertain whether CD4(+) lymphocyte increases induced by interleukin (IL)-2 enhanced in vivo immune responses, 38 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or HAART and IL-2 for at least 60 weeks were immunized with tetanus toxoid, inactivated glycoprotein 120-depleted HIV-1, and hepatitis A and B vaccines. |
| 4189 | 12552459 | Despite dramatic increases in CD4(+) lymphocyte counts, IL-2 did not enhance immunization responses. |
| 4190 | 12552459 | Interleukin-2 Increases CD4+ lymphocyte numbers but does not enhance responses to immunization: results of A5046s. |
| 4191 | 12552459 | To ascertain whether CD4(+) lymphocyte increases induced by interleukin (IL)-2 enhanced in vivo immune responses, 38 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or HAART and IL-2 for at least 60 weeks were immunized with tetanus toxoid, inactivated glycoprotein 120-depleted HIV-1, and hepatitis A and B vaccines. |
| 4192 | 12552459 | Despite dramatic increases in CD4(+) lymphocyte counts, IL-2 did not enhance immunization responses. |
| 4193 | 12552459 | Interleukin-2 Increases CD4+ lymphocyte numbers but does not enhance responses to immunization: results of A5046s. |
| 4194 | 12552459 | To ascertain whether CD4(+) lymphocyte increases induced by interleukin (IL)-2 enhanced in vivo immune responses, 38 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or HAART and IL-2 for at least 60 weeks were immunized with tetanus toxoid, inactivated glycoprotein 120-depleted HIV-1, and hepatitis A and B vaccines. |
| 4195 | 12552459 | Despite dramatic increases in CD4(+) lymphocyte counts, IL-2 did not enhance immunization responses. |
| 4196 | 12554523 | Stable transgenic expression of IL-2 and HSV1-tk by single and fusion tumor cell lines bearing EWS/FLI-1 chimeric genes. |
| 4197 | 12554523 | IL-2 expressing clones derived from the A673 cell line demonstrated decreased expression of HLA class I molecules compared with the parental cell line and corresponding clones derived from RD-ES. |
| 4198 | 12554523 | However, IFN-gamma could upregulate the expression of HLA class I antigens by IL-2 transfected A673 cells. |
| 4199 | 12554523 | Stable transgenic expression of IL-2 and HSV1-tk by single and fusion tumor cell lines bearing EWS/FLI-1 chimeric genes. |
| 4200 | 12554523 | IL-2 expressing clones derived from the A673 cell line demonstrated decreased expression of HLA class I molecules compared with the parental cell line and corresponding clones derived from RD-ES. |
| 4201 | 12554523 | However, IFN-gamma could upregulate the expression of HLA class I antigens by IL-2 transfected A673 cells. |
| 4202 | 12554523 | Stable transgenic expression of IL-2 and HSV1-tk by single and fusion tumor cell lines bearing EWS/FLI-1 chimeric genes. |
| 4203 | 12554523 | IL-2 expressing clones derived from the A673 cell line demonstrated decreased expression of HLA class I molecules compared with the parental cell line and corresponding clones derived from RD-ES. |
| 4204 | 12554523 | However, IFN-gamma could upregulate the expression of HLA class I antigens by IL-2 transfected A673 cells. |
| 4205 | 12560579 | This allowed a semi-quantitative analysis of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene expression levels from porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). |
| 4206 | 12560579 | In addition, when PBMCs from pigs immunized previously with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) vaccine were cultivated with the recall antigen, CSFV, in the presence of PRRSV, significant upregulation of IL-10 gene expression and reduction of IFN-gamma gene expression were observed. |
| 4207 | 12562379 | IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, the two major cytokines associated with DTH, were efficiently induced by BCG. |
| 4208 | 12562379 | Constitutive levels of IL4 and IL5 were observed, but neither IL4 nor IL5 were modulated by BCG. |
| 4209 | 12562379 | Production of Th1 (T helper type 1) cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL2 and IL12) preceded that of the Th2 (T helper type 2) cytokine IL10. |
| 4210 | 12562379 | A tendency toward higher ratios of IFN-gamma versus IL10 for BCG responders also was observed. |
| 4211 | 12571632 | Nevertheless, those anti-adenoviral T-cell responses provided an "adjuvant" effect by inducing an early release of high amounts of IL-2/IFN-gamma, therewith enhancing CTL induction in the initiation phase. |
| 4212 | 12579325 | Chemoimmunotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ and class I- tumours: Effects of CBM-4A potentiated with IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF and genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 4213 | 12579325 | The effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and recombinant IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, or genetically modified, cytokine-producing tumour vaccines was examined in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ (TC-1), and MHC class I- (MK16) tumours. |
| 4214 | 12579325 | When the i.p. treatment of the MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2, IL-12, or both cytokines, the growth of TC1 tumours was inhibited more vigorously than after the chemotherapy alone. |
| 4215 | 12579325 | In contrast, when the i.p. treatment ofEthe MHC class I- MK16 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 or IL-12, the cytokine therapy had no potentiating effect. |
| 4216 | 12579325 | CBM-4A pretreatment was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 plus IL-12. |
| 4217 | 12579325 | InEfurther experiments, the TC-1 and MK16 tumour-bearing mice were i.p. pretreated with CBM-4A and then injected s.c., peritumorally, with genetically modified, IL-2 or GM-CSF-producing MK16 tumour vaccines. |
| 4218 | 12579325 | MK16 neoplasms, which were pretreated i.p. with CBM-4A, and then injected peritumorally with IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 4219 | 12579325 | Peritumoral administration of GM-CSF had no antimetastatic effect, whereas peritumoral IL-2 administration produced substantial reduction of lung metastases. |
| 4220 | 12579325 | Taken collectively, the results indicate that in mice carrying the MK16 (MHC class I-) tumour, the effects of the adjuvant cytokine therapy were substantially weaker than in mice carrying the TC-1 (MHC class I+) tumour inoculum. |
| 4221 | 12579325 | Chemoimmunotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ and class I- tumours: Effects of CBM-4A potentiated with IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF and genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 4222 | 12579325 | The effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and recombinant IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, or genetically modified, cytokine-producing tumour vaccines was examined in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ (TC-1), and MHC class I- (MK16) tumours. |
| 4223 | 12579325 | When the i.p. treatment of the MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2, IL-12, or both cytokines, the growth of TC1 tumours was inhibited more vigorously than after the chemotherapy alone. |
| 4224 | 12579325 | In contrast, when the i.p. treatment ofEthe MHC class I- MK16 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 or IL-12, the cytokine therapy had no potentiating effect. |
| 4225 | 12579325 | CBM-4A pretreatment was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 plus IL-12. |
| 4226 | 12579325 | InEfurther experiments, the TC-1 and MK16 tumour-bearing mice were i.p. pretreated with CBM-4A and then injected s.c., peritumorally, with genetically modified, IL-2 or GM-CSF-producing MK16 tumour vaccines. |
| 4227 | 12579325 | MK16 neoplasms, which were pretreated i.p. with CBM-4A, and then injected peritumorally with IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 4228 | 12579325 | Peritumoral administration of GM-CSF had no antimetastatic effect, whereas peritumoral IL-2 administration produced substantial reduction of lung metastases. |
| 4229 | 12579325 | Taken collectively, the results indicate that in mice carrying the MK16 (MHC class I-) tumour, the effects of the adjuvant cytokine therapy were substantially weaker than in mice carrying the TC-1 (MHC class I+) tumour inoculum. |
| 4230 | 12579325 | Chemoimmunotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ and class I- tumours: Effects of CBM-4A potentiated with IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF and genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 4231 | 12579325 | The effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and recombinant IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, or genetically modified, cytokine-producing tumour vaccines was examined in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ (TC-1), and MHC class I- (MK16) tumours. |
| 4232 | 12579325 | When the i.p. treatment of the MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2, IL-12, or both cytokines, the growth of TC1 tumours was inhibited more vigorously than after the chemotherapy alone. |
| 4233 | 12579325 | In contrast, when the i.p. treatment ofEthe MHC class I- MK16 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 or IL-12, the cytokine therapy had no potentiating effect. |
| 4234 | 12579325 | CBM-4A pretreatment was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 plus IL-12. |
| 4235 | 12579325 | InEfurther experiments, the TC-1 and MK16 tumour-bearing mice were i.p. pretreated with CBM-4A and then injected s.c., peritumorally, with genetically modified, IL-2 or GM-CSF-producing MK16 tumour vaccines. |
| 4236 | 12579325 | MK16 neoplasms, which were pretreated i.p. with CBM-4A, and then injected peritumorally with IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 4237 | 12579325 | Peritumoral administration of GM-CSF had no antimetastatic effect, whereas peritumoral IL-2 administration produced substantial reduction of lung metastases. |
| 4238 | 12579325 | Taken collectively, the results indicate that in mice carrying the MK16 (MHC class I-) tumour, the effects of the adjuvant cytokine therapy were substantially weaker than in mice carrying the TC-1 (MHC class I+) tumour inoculum. |
| 4239 | 12579325 | Chemoimmunotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ and class I- tumours: Effects of CBM-4A potentiated with IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF and genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 4240 | 12579325 | The effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and recombinant IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, or genetically modified, cytokine-producing tumour vaccines was examined in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ (TC-1), and MHC class I- (MK16) tumours. |
| 4241 | 12579325 | When the i.p. treatment of the MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2, IL-12, or both cytokines, the growth of TC1 tumours was inhibited more vigorously than after the chemotherapy alone. |
| 4242 | 12579325 | In contrast, when the i.p. treatment ofEthe MHC class I- MK16 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 or IL-12, the cytokine therapy had no potentiating effect. |
| 4243 | 12579325 | CBM-4A pretreatment was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 plus IL-12. |
| 4244 | 12579325 | InEfurther experiments, the TC-1 and MK16 tumour-bearing mice were i.p. pretreated with CBM-4A and then injected s.c., peritumorally, with genetically modified, IL-2 or GM-CSF-producing MK16 tumour vaccines. |
| 4245 | 12579325 | MK16 neoplasms, which were pretreated i.p. with CBM-4A, and then injected peritumorally with IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 4246 | 12579325 | Peritumoral administration of GM-CSF had no antimetastatic effect, whereas peritumoral IL-2 administration produced substantial reduction of lung metastases. |
| 4247 | 12579325 | Taken collectively, the results indicate that in mice carrying the MK16 (MHC class I-) tumour, the effects of the adjuvant cytokine therapy were substantially weaker than in mice carrying the TC-1 (MHC class I+) tumour inoculum. |
| 4248 | 12579325 | Chemoimmunotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ and class I- tumours: Effects of CBM-4A potentiated with IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF and genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 4249 | 12579325 | The effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and recombinant IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, or genetically modified, cytokine-producing tumour vaccines was examined in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ (TC-1), and MHC class I- (MK16) tumours. |
| 4250 | 12579325 | When the i.p. treatment of the MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2, IL-12, or both cytokines, the growth of TC1 tumours was inhibited more vigorously than after the chemotherapy alone. |
| 4251 | 12579325 | In contrast, when the i.p. treatment ofEthe MHC class I- MK16 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 or IL-12, the cytokine therapy had no potentiating effect. |
| 4252 | 12579325 | CBM-4A pretreatment was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 plus IL-12. |
| 4253 | 12579325 | InEfurther experiments, the TC-1 and MK16 tumour-bearing mice were i.p. pretreated with CBM-4A and then injected s.c., peritumorally, with genetically modified, IL-2 or GM-CSF-producing MK16 tumour vaccines. |
| 4254 | 12579325 | MK16 neoplasms, which were pretreated i.p. with CBM-4A, and then injected peritumorally with IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 4255 | 12579325 | Peritumoral administration of GM-CSF had no antimetastatic effect, whereas peritumoral IL-2 administration produced substantial reduction of lung metastases. |
| 4256 | 12579325 | Taken collectively, the results indicate that in mice carrying the MK16 (MHC class I-) tumour, the effects of the adjuvant cytokine therapy were substantially weaker than in mice carrying the TC-1 (MHC class I+) tumour inoculum. |
| 4257 | 12579325 | Chemoimmunotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ and class I- tumours: Effects of CBM-4A potentiated with IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF and genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 4258 | 12579325 | The effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and recombinant IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, or genetically modified, cytokine-producing tumour vaccines was examined in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ (TC-1), and MHC class I- (MK16) tumours. |
| 4259 | 12579325 | When the i.p. treatment of the MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2, IL-12, or both cytokines, the growth of TC1 tumours was inhibited more vigorously than after the chemotherapy alone. |
| 4260 | 12579325 | In contrast, when the i.p. treatment ofEthe MHC class I- MK16 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 or IL-12, the cytokine therapy had no potentiating effect. |
| 4261 | 12579325 | CBM-4A pretreatment was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 plus IL-12. |
| 4262 | 12579325 | InEfurther experiments, the TC-1 and MK16 tumour-bearing mice were i.p. pretreated with CBM-4A and then injected s.c., peritumorally, with genetically modified, IL-2 or GM-CSF-producing MK16 tumour vaccines. |
| 4263 | 12579325 | MK16 neoplasms, which were pretreated i.p. with CBM-4A, and then injected peritumorally with IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 4264 | 12579325 | Peritumoral administration of GM-CSF had no antimetastatic effect, whereas peritumoral IL-2 administration produced substantial reduction of lung metastases. |
| 4265 | 12579325 | Taken collectively, the results indicate that in mice carrying the MK16 (MHC class I-) tumour, the effects of the adjuvant cytokine therapy were substantially weaker than in mice carrying the TC-1 (MHC class I+) tumour inoculum. |
| 4266 | 12579325 | Chemoimmunotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ and class I- tumours: Effects of CBM-4A potentiated with IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF and genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 4267 | 12579325 | The effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and recombinant IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, or genetically modified, cytokine-producing tumour vaccines was examined in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ (TC-1), and MHC class I- (MK16) tumours. |
| 4268 | 12579325 | When the i.p. treatment of the MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2, IL-12, or both cytokines, the growth of TC1 tumours was inhibited more vigorously than after the chemotherapy alone. |
| 4269 | 12579325 | In contrast, when the i.p. treatment ofEthe MHC class I- MK16 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 or IL-12, the cytokine therapy had no potentiating effect. |
| 4270 | 12579325 | CBM-4A pretreatment was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 plus IL-12. |
| 4271 | 12579325 | InEfurther experiments, the TC-1 and MK16 tumour-bearing mice were i.p. pretreated with CBM-4A and then injected s.c., peritumorally, with genetically modified, IL-2 or GM-CSF-producing MK16 tumour vaccines. |
| 4272 | 12579325 | MK16 neoplasms, which were pretreated i.p. with CBM-4A, and then injected peritumorally with IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 4273 | 12579325 | Peritumoral administration of GM-CSF had no antimetastatic effect, whereas peritumoral IL-2 administration produced substantial reduction of lung metastases. |
| 4274 | 12579325 | Taken collectively, the results indicate that in mice carrying the MK16 (MHC class I-) tumour, the effects of the adjuvant cytokine therapy were substantially weaker than in mice carrying the TC-1 (MHC class I+) tumour inoculum. |
| 4275 | 12579325 | Chemoimmunotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ and class I- tumours: Effects of CBM-4A potentiated with IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF and genetically modified tumour vaccines. |
| 4276 | 12579325 | The effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and recombinant IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, or genetically modified, cytokine-producing tumour vaccines was examined in mice carrying HPV16-associated, MHC class I+ (TC-1), and MHC class I- (MK16) tumours. |
| 4277 | 12579325 | When the i.p. treatment of the MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2, IL-12, or both cytokines, the growth of TC1 tumours was inhibited more vigorously than after the chemotherapy alone. |
| 4278 | 12579325 | In contrast, when the i.p. treatment ofEthe MHC class I- MK16 tumour-bearing mice with CBM-4A was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 or IL-12, the cytokine therapy had no potentiating effect. |
| 4279 | 12579325 | CBM-4A pretreatment was followed by peritumoral s.c. administration of IL-2 plus IL-12. |
| 4280 | 12579325 | InEfurther experiments, the TC-1 and MK16 tumour-bearing mice were i.p. pretreated with CBM-4A and then injected s.c., peritumorally, with genetically modified, IL-2 or GM-CSF-producing MK16 tumour vaccines. |
| 4281 | 12579325 | MK16 neoplasms, which were pretreated i.p. with CBM-4A, and then injected peritumorally with IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 4282 | 12579325 | Peritumoral administration of GM-CSF had no antimetastatic effect, whereas peritumoral IL-2 administration produced substantial reduction of lung metastases. |
| 4283 | 12579325 | Taken collectively, the results indicate that in mice carrying the MK16 (MHC class I-) tumour, the effects of the adjuvant cytokine therapy were substantially weaker than in mice carrying the TC-1 (MHC class I+) tumour inoculum. |
| 4284 | 12584672 | Expression of CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain) was used to monitor antigen-specific activation of T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and gamma delta T cells) from cattle immunized with modified-live virus (MLV) bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccines. |
| 4285 | 12584672 | Compared with nonvaccinated animals, a significant (P <.05) increase in expression of CD25 by CD4+ (60 days), CD8+, and gammadelta T (35 to 90 days) lymphocytes from the group given BVDV-1/2 was detected following in vitro exposure to BVDV-1 or BVDV-2 after vaccination. |
| 4286 | 12584672 | The CD8+ and gammadelta T cells from the group vaccinated with BVDV-1 had significantly (P <.05) increased expression of CD25 compared with nonvaccinates following postvaccination exposure to in vitro BVDV-1 but not to BVDV-2. |
| 4287 | 12594331 | We generated CD4(+) T cell lines to fractions of native antigens from the blood stages of the rodent parasite, Plasmodium yoelii, and identified fraction-specific T cells that had a Th1 phenotype (producing IL-2, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not IL-4, after antigenic stimulation). |
| 4288 | 12594570 | The purpose of this work was to optimize the ex-vivo production of functional TAA-loaded DC that would produce interleukin-2 (IL-12) and enhance the T cell response. |
| 4289 | 12594570 | We generated ex-vivo DC from human monocytes with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4, and whole necrotic tumor cells (cell lysates) of cancer cell lines were used as model TAA. |
| 4290 | 12594570 | TNF-alpha matured DC phenotypically, but additional interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment was necessary to achieve functional maturation, the production of significant amounts of IL-12. |
| 4291 | 12594570 | Our results suggest that after allowing 4 h of tumor lysate uptake by immature DC, further treatment with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma for 24 h provides the optimal conditions to obtain functional TAA-loaded DC. |
| 4292 | 12595427 | The levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma interferon mRNAs in the immunized animals were elevated, and the proliferation of spleen cells was also enhanced in the immunized animals. |
| 4293 | 12597365 | In Peyer's patches (PPs) and lamina propria (LP), IgA was produced under a Th1-dominant environment; CD4+T cells from produced interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and IL-10 by stimulation with salmonella extract. |
| 4294 | 12597365 | On the same protocol, flagellin plus CT induced flagellin-specific mucosal and systemic IgA and IgG1 antibodies, CD4+T cells producing IL-10 and IFN-gamma in PPs and LP, and only minimal levels of flagellin-specific DFR. |
| 4295 | 12597365 | Polysome plus CT induced polysome-specific mucosal and systemic IgG2a in addition to IgG1 and IgA antibodies, CD4+T cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-2 in PPs and LP, and polysome-specific DFR. |
| 4296 | 12597365 | In Peyer's patches (PPs) and lamina propria (LP), IgA was produced under a Th1-dominant environment; CD4+T cells from produced interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and IL-10 by stimulation with salmonella extract. |
| 4297 | 12597365 | On the same protocol, flagellin plus CT induced flagellin-specific mucosal and systemic IgA and IgG1 antibodies, CD4+T cells producing IL-10 and IFN-gamma in PPs and LP, and only minimal levels of flagellin-specific DFR. |
| 4298 | 12597365 | Polysome plus CT induced polysome-specific mucosal and systemic IgG2a in addition to IgG1 and IgA antibodies, CD4+T cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-2 in PPs and LP, and polysome-specific DFR. |
| 4299 | 12598786 | Interleukin-2-associated viral breakthroughs induce HIV-1-specific CD4 T cell responses in patients on fully suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy. |
| 4300 | 12598786 | The combination of intermittent subcutaneous IL-2 and highly active antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with HIV-1 has been shown to have a beneficial quantitative effect on the CD4 T cell count. |
| 4301 | 12598786 | Interleukin-2-associated viral breakthroughs induce HIV-1-specific CD4 T cell responses in patients on fully suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy. |
| 4302 | 12598786 | The combination of intermittent subcutaneous IL-2 and highly active antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with HIV-1 has been shown to have a beneficial quantitative effect on the CD4 T cell count. |
| 4303 | 12611171 | Priority data on the induction, by using a Russian live cold-adapted reassortant influenza vaccine (LIV), of the cellular and humoral immunity with regard for attenuation and genetic reassortment of vaccine stains as well as with regard for the age of vaccinated persons and the production of Th1 (IFNY, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokine markers in vitro are presented. |
| 4304 | 12611171 | LIV was found to stimulate well enough the production of IFN and IL-2 in both young and old persons. |
| 4305 | 12611171 | Priority data on the induction, by using a Russian live cold-adapted reassortant influenza vaccine (LIV), of the cellular and humoral immunity with regard for attenuation and genetic reassortment of vaccine stains as well as with regard for the age of vaccinated persons and the production of Th1 (IFNY, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokine markers in vitro are presented. |
| 4306 | 12611171 | LIV was found to stimulate well enough the production of IFN and IL-2 in both young and old persons. |
| 4307 | 12615426 | Previously protein vaccines consisting of the extracellular domain of HER2/neu (ECD(HER2)) were shown to elicit an immune response that does not provide protection against transplantable tumors expressing HER2/neu. |
| 4308 | 12615426 | Here, we showed that when mice were vaccinated with a mixture of human ECD(HER2) and anti-human HER2/neu IL-12, IL-2 or GM-CSF fusion proteins, significant retardation of the growth of a syngeneic carcinoma expressing rat HER2/neu, and long-term survivors were observed. |
| 4309 | 12615426 | Splenocytes from mice vaccinated with ECD(HER2) plus IgG3-(GM-CSF) incubated with ECD(HER2) demonstrated significant proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 4310 | 12615426 | Taken together these results suggest that vaccines including ECD(HER2) and Ab-cytokine fusion proteins may be used to elicit both humoral and cell-mediated responses against HER2/neu. |
| 4311 | 12621087 | BALB/c mice were immunized by three intramuscular inoculations of HSV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) DNA vaccine alone or in combination with a plasmid expressing mature IL-18 peptide. |
| 4312 | 12621087 | Both the serum IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and T helper 1-type (Th1) cytokines [IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma] were increased significantly by the co-injection of the IL-18 plasmid compared with the injection of gD DNA alone. |
| 4313 | 12621087 | However, the production of IL-10 was inhibited by IL-18 plasmid co-injection. |
| 4314 | 12626740 | Coadministration of HIV vaccine vectors with vaccinia viruses expressing IL-15 but not IL-2 induces long-lasting cellular immunity. |
| 4315 | 12626740 | IL-2 and IL-15 were evaluated in vaccinia vectors expressing HIV gp160 for the establishment of an effective vaccine strategy. |
| 4316 | 12626740 | Both IL-2 and IL-15 in the vaccinia vector induced strong and long-lasting antibody-mediated immunity as well as a short-term cytotoxic T cell response against HIV gp120. |
| 4317 | 12626740 | In addition, IL-15 also supported robust CD8+ T cell-mediated long-term immunity, whereas the CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity induced by IL-2 was short-lived. |
| 4318 | 12626740 | Coadministration of HIV vaccine vectors with vaccinia viruses expressing IL-15 but not IL-2 induces long-lasting cellular immunity. |
| 4319 | 12626740 | IL-2 and IL-15 were evaluated in vaccinia vectors expressing HIV gp160 for the establishment of an effective vaccine strategy. |
| 4320 | 12626740 | Both IL-2 and IL-15 in the vaccinia vector induced strong and long-lasting antibody-mediated immunity as well as a short-term cytotoxic T cell response against HIV gp120. |
| 4321 | 12626740 | In addition, IL-15 also supported robust CD8+ T cell-mediated long-term immunity, whereas the CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity induced by IL-2 was short-lived. |
| 4322 | 12626740 | Coadministration of HIV vaccine vectors with vaccinia viruses expressing IL-15 but not IL-2 induces long-lasting cellular immunity. |
| 4323 | 12626740 | IL-2 and IL-15 were evaluated in vaccinia vectors expressing HIV gp160 for the establishment of an effective vaccine strategy. |
| 4324 | 12626740 | Both IL-2 and IL-15 in the vaccinia vector induced strong and long-lasting antibody-mediated immunity as well as a short-term cytotoxic T cell response against HIV gp120. |
| 4325 | 12626740 | In addition, IL-15 also supported robust CD8+ T cell-mediated long-term immunity, whereas the CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity induced by IL-2 was short-lived. |
| 4326 | 12626740 | Coadministration of HIV vaccine vectors with vaccinia viruses expressing IL-15 but not IL-2 induces long-lasting cellular immunity. |
| 4327 | 12626740 | IL-2 and IL-15 were evaluated in vaccinia vectors expressing HIV gp160 for the establishment of an effective vaccine strategy. |
| 4328 | 12626740 | Both IL-2 and IL-15 in the vaccinia vector induced strong and long-lasting antibody-mediated immunity as well as a short-term cytotoxic T cell response against HIV gp120. |
| 4329 | 12626740 | In addition, IL-15 also supported robust CD8+ T cell-mediated long-term immunity, whereas the CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity induced by IL-2 was short-lived. |
| 4330 | 12632339 | Synergistic interleukin-18 and low-dose interleukin-2 promote regression of established murine neuroblastoma in vivo. |
| 4331 | 12639245 | The thymic output of patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was assessed by sjTREC (signal joint T cell receptor rearrangement excision circle) analysis to determine the thymic contribution to CD4(+) T cell reconstitution during initial therapy and during interleukin 2 (IL-2) and/or Remune supplementation of HAART. |
| 4332 | 12639245 | HAART supplementation with IL-2 was observed to lead to rapid increases in CD4(+) T cells that were accompanied by sjTREC decreases. |
| 4333 | 12639245 | The results indicate CD4(+) T cell maintenance during initial treatment of HIV-1 with HAART and early CD4(+) T cell reconstitution of patients receiving IL-2 with HAART is largely due to thymus-independent mechanisms, with the thymus making a limited contribution. |
| 4334 | 12639245 | The thymic output of patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was assessed by sjTREC (signal joint T cell receptor rearrangement excision circle) analysis to determine the thymic contribution to CD4(+) T cell reconstitution during initial therapy and during interleukin 2 (IL-2) and/or Remune supplementation of HAART. |
| 4335 | 12639245 | HAART supplementation with IL-2 was observed to lead to rapid increases in CD4(+) T cells that were accompanied by sjTREC decreases. |
| 4336 | 12639245 | The results indicate CD4(+) T cell maintenance during initial treatment of HIV-1 with HAART and early CD4(+) T cell reconstitution of patients receiving IL-2 with HAART is largely due to thymus-independent mechanisms, with the thymus making a limited contribution. |
| 4337 | 12639245 | The thymic output of patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was assessed by sjTREC (signal joint T cell receptor rearrangement excision circle) analysis to determine the thymic contribution to CD4(+) T cell reconstitution during initial therapy and during interleukin 2 (IL-2) and/or Remune supplementation of HAART. |
| 4338 | 12639245 | HAART supplementation with IL-2 was observed to lead to rapid increases in CD4(+) T cells that were accompanied by sjTREC decreases. |
| 4339 | 12639245 | The results indicate CD4(+) T cell maintenance during initial treatment of HIV-1 with HAART and early CD4(+) T cell reconstitution of patients receiving IL-2 with HAART is largely due to thymus-independent mechanisms, with the thymus making a limited contribution. |
| 4340 | 12649188 | These results imply a critical role of coexpressed IL-2 and MUC1 in eliciting tumor-specific immune response. |
| 4341 | 12654789 | Therefore, we characterized the T-cell responses to H. pylori in H. pylori-infected individuals without any subjective symptoms and in uninfected control subjects and investigated the role of regulatory CD4+ CD25(high) T cells during infection. |
| 4342 | 12654789 | Sorted memory cells from infected individuals responded less than cells from uninfected subjects, and the unresponsiveness could be abolished by depletion of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells or the addition of interleukin 2. |
| 4343 | 12654789 | Furthermore, CD4+ CD25(high) T cells suppressed H. pylori-induced responses in cocultures with CD25(low/-) cells. |
| 4344 | 12654796 | Neonatal mice immunized with a single dose of vaccine in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) generated antigen-specific gamma interferon-, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4-, and IL-5-secreting T cells in numbers similar to those in immunized adult mice, while vaccine administered to neonates in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) induced such cells in reduced numbers compared to those in adult mice. |
| 4345 | 12654805 | The biological activity of IL-12 produced by the recombinant L. lactis strain was confirmed in vitro by its ability to induce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by mouse splenocytes. |
| 4346 | 12654805 | An antigen-specific cellular response (i.e., secretion of Th1 cytokines, IL-2, and IFN-gamma) elicited by a recombinant L. lactis strain displaying a cell wall-anchored human papillomavirus type 16 E7 antigen was dramatically increased by coadministration with an L. lactis strain secreting IL-12 protein. |
| 4347 | 12663797 | Production of interleukin 2 and the ability to lyse target cells in vitro were the first functions compromised, followed by the ability to make tumor necrosis factor alpha, while gamma interferon production was most resistant to functional exhaustion. |
| 4348 | 12665415 | Within the immune model of therapy, progress in the application of immune-related drugs including older cytokines (IL-2, IFN-alpha) and of newer cytokine-variant and other cytokines are discussed. |
| 4349 | 12668155 | Functional abolishment of any one of these cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, GMCSF, TNF-alpha, or IFN-alpha, except IL-10) by neutralizing antibodies leads to reduced IFN-gamma production (19-82% inhibition in mouse and 44-77% inhibition in human systems, respectively). |
| 4350 | 12668155 | In mice cytokines IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, and GMCSF are observed to synergize with BCG for IFN-gamma production, whereas in human cytokines IL-2, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IFN-alpha exhibit similar synergistic effects. |
| 4351 | 12668155 | Rational combinations of these Th1-stimulating cytokines (IL-12 plus IL-18 in mice and IL-2 plus IL-12 in humans, respectively) dramatically up-regulate IFN-gamma production that is incomparably superior to BCG for induction of this cytokine. |
| 4352 | 12668155 | Functional abolishment of any one of these cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, GMCSF, TNF-alpha, or IFN-alpha, except IL-10) by neutralizing antibodies leads to reduced IFN-gamma production (19-82% inhibition in mouse and 44-77% inhibition in human systems, respectively). |
| 4353 | 12668155 | In mice cytokines IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, and GMCSF are observed to synergize with BCG for IFN-gamma production, whereas in human cytokines IL-2, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IFN-alpha exhibit similar synergistic effects. |
| 4354 | 12668155 | Rational combinations of these Th1-stimulating cytokines (IL-12 plus IL-18 in mice and IL-2 plus IL-12 in humans, respectively) dramatically up-regulate IFN-gamma production that is incomparably superior to BCG for induction of this cytokine. |
| 4355 | 12668155 | Functional abolishment of any one of these cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, GMCSF, TNF-alpha, or IFN-alpha, except IL-10) by neutralizing antibodies leads to reduced IFN-gamma production (19-82% inhibition in mouse and 44-77% inhibition in human systems, respectively). |
| 4356 | 12668155 | In mice cytokines IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, and GMCSF are observed to synergize with BCG for IFN-gamma production, whereas in human cytokines IL-2, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IFN-alpha exhibit similar synergistic effects. |
| 4357 | 12668155 | Rational combinations of these Th1-stimulating cytokines (IL-12 plus IL-18 in mice and IL-2 plus IL-12 in humans, respectively) dramatically up-regulate IFN-gamma production that is incomparably superior to BCG for induction of this cytokine. |
| 4358 | 12670905 | Suboptimal activation of CD8(+) T cells by melanoma-derived altered peptide ligands: role of Melan-A/MART-1 optimized analogues. |
| 4359 | 12670905 | We recently demonstrated that Melan-A/MART-1-reactive CTLs can be anergized by peptide analogues with partial agonist/antagonist functions, which selectively impair interleukin (IL)-2 release. |
| 4360 | 12670905 | HLA-bound peptide fractions were eluted from HLA-A*0201/Melan-A/MART-1(+) melanoma cells and analyzed for reconstitution of the MART-1-specific T-cell epitope. |
| 4361 | 12670905 | Among the peptide fractions able to induce IFN-gamma release by MART-1-specific T cells, only fraction 43-44 activated IL-2 production by anti-MART-1 T cells, whereas the remaining two fractions acted as peptide antagonists by inhibiting IL-2 release in response to the native epitope. |
| 4362 | 12670905 | A comparable down-modulation of IL-2 release could also be induced by the MART-1-derived peptide 32-40, previously identified in one of the two anergizing fractions. |
| 4363 | 12670905 | A substantial deficit in IL-2 release was additionally detected in tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells infiltrating melanoma lesions. |
| 4364 | 12670905 | To overcome IL-2 impairment by peptide antagonists, anti-MART-1 T cells were generated by in vitro sensitization with the two optimized analogues Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L (with superagonist features) and Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L (with improved HLA-A*0201 binding). |
| 4365 | 12670905 | T cells raised with the superagonist Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L showed resistance to the inhibition of IL-2 release mediated by melanoma-derived peptide fractions, whereas Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L-specific T cells appeared to be as sensitive as T cells raised with the parental epitope. |
| 4366 | 12670905 | This resistance was associated with the enhanced ability of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L-specific T cells to release IL-2. |
| 4367 | 12670905 | Suboptimal activation of CD8(+) T cells by melanoma-derived altered peptide ligands: role of Melan-A/MART-1 optimized analogues. |
| 4368 | 12670905 | We recently demonstrated that Melan-A/MART-1-reactive CTLs can be anergized by peptide analogues with partial agonist/antagonist functions, which selectively impair interleukin (IL)-2 release. |
| 4369 | 12670905 | HLA-bound peptide fractions were eluted from HLA-A*0201/Melan-A/MART-1(+) melanoma cells and analyzed for reconstitution of the MART-1-specific T-cell epitope. |
| 4370 | 12670905 | Among the peptide fractions able to induce IFN-gamma release by MART-1-specific T cells, only fraction 43-44 activated IL-2 production by anti-MART-1 T cells, whereas the remaining two fractions acted as peptide antagonists by inhibiting IL-2 release in response to the native epitope. |
| 4371 | 12670905 | A comparable down-modulation of IL-2 release could also be induced by the MART-1-derived peptide 32-40, previously identified in one of the two anergizing fractions. |
| 4372 | 12670905 | A substantial deficit in IL-2 release was additionally detected in tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells infiltrating melanoma lesions. |
| 4373 | 12670905 | To overcome IL-2 impairment by peptide antagonists, anti-MART-1 T cells were generated by in vitro sensitization with the two optimized analogues Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L (with superagonist features) and Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L (with improved HLA-A*0201 binding). |
| 4374 | 12670905 | T cells raised with the superagonist Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L showed resistance to the inhibition of IL-2 release mediated by melanoma-derived peptide fractions, whereas Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L-specific T cells appeared to be as sensitive as T cells raised with the parental epitope. |
| 4375 | 12670905 | This resistance was associated with the enhanced ability of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L-specific T cells to release IL-2. |
| 4376 | 12670905 | Suboptimal activation of CD8(+) T cells by melanoma-derived altered peptide ligands: role of Melan-A/MART-1 optimized analogues. |
| 4377 | 12670905 | We recently demonstrated that Melan-A/MART-1-reactive CTLs can be anergized by peptide analogues with partial agonist/antagonist functions, which selectively impair interleukin (IL)-2 release. |
| 4378 | 12670905 | HLA-bound peptide fractions were eluted from HLA-A*0201/Melan-A/MART-1(+) melanoma cells and analyzed for reconstitution of the MART-1-specific T-cell epitope. |
| 4379 | 12670905 | Among the peptide fractions able to induce IFN-gamma release by MART-1-specific T cells, only fraction 43-44 activated IL-2 production by anti-MART-1 T cells, whereas the remaining two fractions acted as peptide antagonists by inhibiting IL-2 release in response to the native epitope. |
| 4380 | 12670905 | A comparable down-modulation of IL-2 release could also be induced by the MART-1-derived peptide 32-40, previously identified in one of the two anergizing fractions. |
| 4381 | 12670905 | A substantial deficit in IL-2 release was additionally detected in tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells infiltrating melanoma lesions. |
| 4382 | 12670905 | To overcome IL-2 impairment by peptide antagonists, anti-MART-1 T cells were generated by in vitro sensitization with the two optimized analogues Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L (with superagonist features) and Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L (with improved HLA-A*0201 binding). |
| 4383 | 12670905 | T cells raised with the superagonist Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L showed resistance to the inhibition of IL-2 release mediated by melanoma-derived peptide fractions, whereas Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L-specific T cells appeared to be as sensitive as T cells raised with the parental epitope. |
| 4384 | 12670905 | This resistance was associated with the enhanced ability of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L-specific T cells to release IL-2. |
| 4385 | 12670905 | Suboptimal activation of CD8(+) T cells by melanoma-derived altered peptide ligands: role of Melan-A/MART-1 optimized analogues. |
| 4386 | 12670905 | We recently demonstrated that Melan-A/MART-1-reactive CTLs can be anergized by peptide analogues with partial agonist/antagonist functions, which selectively impair interleukin (IL)-2 release. |
| 4387 | 12670905 | HLA-bound peptide fractions were eluted from HLA-A*0201/Melan-A/MART-1(+) melanoma cells and analyzed for reconstitution of the MART-1-specific T-cell epitope. |
| 4388 | 12670905 | Among the peptide fractions able to induce IFN-gamma release by MART-1-specific T cells, only fraction 43-44 activated IL-2 production by anti-MART-1 T cells, whereas the remaining two fractions acted as peptide antagonists by inhibiting IL-2 release in response to the native epitope. |
| 4389 | 12670905 | A comparable down-modulation of IL-2 release could also be induced by the MART-1-derived peptide 32-40, previously identified in one of the two anergizing fractions. |
| 4390 | 12670905 | A substantial deficit in IL-2 release was additionally detected in tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells infiltrating melanoma lesions. |
| 4391 | 12670905 | To overcome IL-2 impairment by peptide antagonists, anti-MART-1 T cells were generated by in vitro sensitization with the two optimized analogues Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L (with superagonist features) and Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L (with improved HLA-A*0201 binding). |
| 4392 | 12670905 | T cells raised with the superagonist Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L showed resistance to the inhibition of IL-2 release mediated by melanoma-derived peptide fractions, whereas Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L-specific T cells appeared to be as sensitive as T cells raised with the parental epitope. |
| 4393 | 12670905 | This resistance was associated with the enhanced ability of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L-specific T cells to release IL-2. |
| 4394 | 12670905 | Suboptimal activation of CD8(+) T cells by melanoma-derived altered peptide ligands: role of Melan-A/MART-1 optimized analogues. |
| 4395 | 12670905 | We recently demonstrated that Melan-A/MART-1-reactive CTLs can be anergized by peptide analogues with partial agonist/antagonist functions, which selectively impair interleukin (IL)-2 release. |
| 4396 | 12670905 | HLA-bound peptide fractions were eluted from HLA-A*0201/Melan-A/MART-1(+) melanoma cells and analyzed for reconstitution of the MART-1-specific T-cell epitope. |
| 4397 | 12670905 | Among the peptide fractions able to induce IFN-gamma release by MART-1-specific T cells, only fraction 43-44 activated IL-2 production by anti-MART-1 T cells, whereas the remaining two fractions acted as peptide antagonists by inhibiting IL-2 release in response to the native epitope. |
| 4398 | 12670905 | A comparable down-modulation of IL-2 release could also be induced by the MART-1-derived peptide 32-40, previously identified in one of the two anergizing fractions. |
| 4399 | 12670905 | A substantial deficit in IL-2 release was additionally detected in tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells infiltrating melanoma lesions. |
| 4400 | 12670905 | To overcome IL-2 impairment by peptide antagonists, anti-MART-1 T cells were generated by in vitro sensitization with the two optimized analogues Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L (with superagonist features) and Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L (with improved HLA-A*0201 binding). |
| 4401 | 12670905 | T cells raised with the superagonist Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L showed resistance to the inhibition of IL-2 release mediated by melanoma-derived peptide fractions, whereas Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L-specific T cells appeared to be as sensitive as T cells raised with the parental epitope. |
| 4402 | 12670905 | This resistance was associated with the enhanced ability of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L-specific T cells to release IL-2. |
| 4403 | 12670905 | Suboptimal activation of CD8(+) T cells by melanoma-derived altered peptide ligands: role of Melan-A/MART-1 optimized analogues. |
| 4404 | 12670905 | We recently demonstrated that Melan-A/MART-1-reactive CTLs can be anergized by peptide analogues with partial agonist/antagonist functions, which selectively impair interleukin (IL)-2 release. |
| 4405 | 12670905 | HLA-bound peptide fractions were eluted from HLA-A*0201/Melan-A/MART-1(+) melanoma cells and analyzed for reconstitution of the MART-1-specific T-cell epitope. |
| 4406 | 12670905 | Among the peptide fractions able to induce IFN-gamma release by MART-1-specific T cells, only fraction 43-44 activated IL-2 production by anti-MART-1 T cells, whereas the remaining two fractions acted as peptide antagonists by inhibiting IL-2 release in response to the native epitope. |
| 4407 | 12670905 | A comparable down-modulation of IL-2 release could also be induced by the MART-1-derived peptide 32-40, previously identified in one of the two anergizing fractions. |
| 4408 | 12670905 | A substantial deficit in IL-2 release was additionally detected in tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells infiltrating melanoma lesions. |
| 4409 | 12670905 | To overcome IL-2 impairment by peptide antagonists, anti-MART-1 T cells were generated by in vitro sensitization with the two optimized analogues Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L (with superagonist features) and Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L (with improved HLA-A*0201 binding). |
| 4410 | 12670905 | T cells raised with the superagonist Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L showed resistance to the inhibition of IL-2 release mediated by melanoma-derived peptide fractions, whereas Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L-specific T cells appeared to be as sensitive as T cells raised with the parental epitope. |
| 4411 | 12670905 | This resistance was associated with the enhanced ability of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L-specific T cells to release IL-2. |
| 4412 | 12670905 | Suboptimal activation of CD8(+) T cells by melanoma-derived altered peptide ligands: role of Melan-A/MART-1 optimized analogues. |
| 4413 | 12670905 | We recently demonstrated that Melan-A/MART-1-reactive CTLs can be anergized by peptide analogues with partial agonist/antagonist functions, which selectively impair interleukin (IL)-2 release. |
| 4414 | 12670905 | HLA-bound peptide fractions were eluted from HLA-A*0201/Melan-A/MART-1(+) melanoma cells and analyzed for reconstitution of the MART-1-specific T-cell epitope. |
| 4415 | 12670905 | Among the peptide fractions able to induce IFN-gamma release by MART-1-specific T cells, only fraction 43-44 activated IL-2 production by anti-MART-1 T cells, whereas the remaining two fractions acted as peptide antagonists by inhibiting IL-2 release in response to the native epitope. |
| 4416 | 12670905 | A comparable down-modulation of IL-2 release could also be induced by the MART-1-derived peptide 32-40, previously identified in one of the two anergizing fractions. |
| 4417 | 12670905 | A substantial deficit in IL-2 release was additionally detected in tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells infiltrating melanoma lesions. |
| 4418 | 12670905 | To overcome IL-2 impairment by peptide antagonists, anti-MART-1 T cells were generated by in vitro sensitization with the two optimized analogues Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L (with superagonist features) and Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L (with improved HLA-A*0201 binding). |
| 4419 | 12670905 | T cells raised with the superagonist Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L showed resistance to the inhibition of IL-2 release mediated by melanoma-derived peptide fractions, whereas Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) 2L-specific T cells appeared to be as sensitive as T cells raised with the parental epitope. |
| 4420 | 12670905 | This resistance was associated with the enhanced ability of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) 1L-specific T cells to release IL-2. |
| 4421 | 12678888 | Hepatitis B vaccination non-responders express increased levels of HLA class II alleles (T-cell immune response modulators) DRB1 01 (DR1) and DRB1 15 (DR15). |
| 4422 | 12678888 | Various methods have been used to enhance the immune response to HB vaccination such as recombinant adjuvants, thymopentine, IL-2, levamisole and GM-CSF: they have produced variable results. |
| 4423 | 12688838 | The two most widely investigated immunotherapy drugs for melanoma are interferon (IFN)-alpha and interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 4424 | 12688838 | Vaccines are also being tested in patients with metastatic melanoma to determine their immune effects and to define their activity in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents such as IL-2 or IFNalpha. |
| 4425 | 12688838 | The two most widely investigated immunotherapy drugs for melanoma are interferon (IFN)-alpha and interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 4426 | 12688838 | Vaccines are also being tested in patients with metastatic melanoma to determine their immune effects and to define their activity in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents such as IL-2 or IFNalpha. |
| 4427 | 12696126 | When spleen cells from mice immunized once with the vaccine and cholera toxin or its B subunit were restimulated with the live vaccine in vitro, there was greater thymidine uptake and production of interleukin- 2 (IL-2) than controls, but only a low level of IL-4 production. |
| 4428 | 12706680 | This effect was due to activation of MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells coupled with an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2. |
| 4429 | 12706680 | Also, specific activation of dendritic cells was indicated by a two-three-fold upregulation of their costimulatory CD80 and MHC class II molecules. |
| 4430 | 12706698 | Group 1 received non-coding plasmid DNA only (control), group 2 received the E2 coding plasmid (0.5mg) plus non-coding plasmid DNA (0.5mg) and groups 3 and 4 received the E2 coding plasmid plus plasmid encoding either bovine interleukin 2 (IL-2) or granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) respectively. |
| 4431 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 4432 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 4433 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 4434 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 4435 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 4436 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 4437 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 4438 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 4439 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 4440 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 4441 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 4442 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 4443 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 4444 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 4445 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 4446 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 4447 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 4448 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 4449 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 4450 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 4451 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 4452 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 4453 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 4454 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 4455 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 4456 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 4457 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 4458 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 4459 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 4460 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 4461 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 4462 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 4463 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 4464 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 4465 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 4466 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 4467 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 4468 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 4469 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 4470 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 4471 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 4472 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 4473 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 4474 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 4475 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 4476 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 4477 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 4478 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 4479 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 4480 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 4481 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 4482 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 4483 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 4484 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 4485 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 4486 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 4487 | 12721943 | PnPS-CRM(197) induced significantly different serotype-specific antibody titers, despite vigorous T cell recall responses to all 7 vaccine components, and production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and interferon-gamma. |
| 4488 | 12731460 | This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: AAV-CF, adalimumab, ademetionine, afeletecan hydrochloride, agomelatine, alemtuzumab, almotriptan, amdoxovir, aplidine, aranose, arsenic sulfide, atazanavir, atlizumab; Bimatoprost, BMS-181176, BMS-188667, bortezomib, bryostatin 1; Combretastatin A-4 phosphate; Darbepoetin alfa, darusentan, deferasirox, desloratadine, DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib-vaccine, DTI-0009; Eculizumab, edodekin alfa, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, epoetin, esomeprazole magnesium etoricoxib; Fampridine, fenretinide, FR-146687; Galiximab, gamma-Hydroxybutyrate sodium, ganirelix acetate, gefitinib, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, gimatecan; HEA125xOKT3, hIL-13-PE38QQR, HSV-2 theracine, Hu14.18-IL-2, human gammaglobulin; Idraparinux sodium, imatinib mesylate, IMiD3, insulin detemir, interleukin-4, irofulven, ISAtx-247; JT-1001; Levetiracetam, levosimendan, liposomal doxorubicin, liposomal vincristine sulfate, lixivaptan, lopinavir, lumiracoxib; Maxacalcitol, melatonin, midostaurin, MLN-518; Neridronic acid, nesiritide, nitronaproxen; Oblimersen sodium, oregovomab; PEG-filgrastim polyglutamate paclitaxel, prasterone, pregabalin; Rosuvastatin calcium, rotigotine hydrochloride; SGN-30; T-1249, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, teriparatide, tiotropium bromide, tipranavir, TMC-114, trabectedin, transdermal selegiline; UK-427857; Valdecoxib, valganciclovir hydrochloride, vardenafil, vatalanib succinate, vincristine sulfate TCS; Zofenopril calcium. |
| 4489 | 12733143 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined. |
| 4490 | 12733143 | In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10. |
| 4491 | 12733143 | This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8. |
| 4492 | 12733143 | Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases. |
| 4493 | 12733143 | Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage. |
| 4494 | 12733143 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined. |
| 4495 | 12733143 | In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10. |
| 4496 | 12733143 | This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8. |
| 4497 | 12733143 | Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases. |
| 4498 | 12733143 | Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage. |
| 4499 | 12733143 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined. |
| 4500 | 12733143 | In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10. |
| 4501 | 12733143 | This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8. |
| 4502 | 12733143 | Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases. |
| 4503 | 12733143 | Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage. |
| 4504 | 12738360 | We first demonstrated that this method is adequate to measure the induction of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA) mRNA upon the addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to whole blood. |
| 4505 | 12738360 | Finally, we demonstrated that this methodology can be used successfully to assess inflammatory as well as T cell responses in vivo, as it allowed to detect the induction of IL-1beta and IL-1 RA after injection of LPS in healthy volunteers, and also the induction of IL-2 upon recall immunisation with tetanus vaccine. |
| 4506 | 12743131 | Intracavitary interferon alfa, interferon gamma, and interleukin-2 alone or in combination with cytotoxic therapy in phase I and II trials demonstrated intraperitoneal lymphoid cell stimulation and produced antitumor responses. |
| 4507 | 12744869 | Antigen entrapped in the escheriosomes leads to the generation of CD4(+) helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell response. |
| 4508 | 12744869 | Our present study demonstrates that antigen encapsulated in escheriosomes could be successfully delivered simultaneously to the cytosolic as well as endosomal processing pathways of antigen presenting cells, leading to the generation of both CD4(+) T-helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell response. |
| 4509 | 12744869 | In contrast, encapsulation of same antigen in egg phosphatidyl-choline (egg PC) liposomes, just like antigen-incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) complex, has inefficient access to the cytosolic pathway of MHC I-dependent antigen presentation and failed to generate antigen-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell response. |
| 4510 | 12744869 | Furthermore, antigen entrapped in escheriosomes stimulates antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation and also enhances the level of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the immunized animals. |
| 4511 | 12763481 | TCC were then characterized for their ability to produce cytokines known to be important for T cell expansion (interleukin-2, IL-2) and/or effector functions (IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-10). |
| 4512 | 12775574 | Induction of allopeptide-specific human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells ex vivo. |
| 4513 | 12775574 | Although CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells are pivotal in the prevention of autoimmunity and appear to mediate transplantation tolerance, little is known concerning their antigen specificity. |
| 4514 | 12775574 | Here we describe the induction of a human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cell line specific for a defined peptide alloantigen (human leukocyte antigen A2 [HLA-A2] 138-170) by priming purified CD4+CD25+ cells ex vivo. |
| 4515 | 12775574 | The regulatory cells were anergic and retained their ability to suppress antigen-driven responses of CD4+CD25- cells. |
| 4516 | 12775574 | They inhibited not only interleukin 2 (IL-2) secretion by CD4+CD25- T cells specific for the same peptide but also direct alloresponse of naive CD4+CD25- T cells stimulated by semiallogeneic dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of the peptide ("linked suppression"). |
| 4517 | 12775574 | These findings suggest that peripheral CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells are a precommitted cell lineage from which cells with specificity for non-self-peptides can be selected. |
| 4518 | 12778487 | Polarized Th1 cells (inducers) raised the frequency of IFN-gamma(+) cells within a naive (target) population, whereas Th2 inducers raised the frequency of IL-4(+) and reduced that of IL-2(+) cells. |
| 4519 | 12782590 | Immune-splenic lymphocytes when stimulated in vitro with 3H1 or CEA, showed increased proliferative CD4(+) Th1 type T-cell response and secreted significantly high levels of Th1 cytokines [IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2] and low levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). |
| 4520 | 12782590 | This vaccine also induced MHC class I antigen-restricted CD8(+) T-cell responses. |
| 4521 | 12782590 | The up-regulation of activation markers CD69 and CD25 on CD8(+) CTLs correlated with antigen-specific strong CTL responses in vitro. |
| 4522 | 12792971 | Combination of radiation and vaccination with autologous tumor cells expressing IL-2, IFN-gamma and GM-CSF for treatment of murine renal carcinoma. |
| 4523 | 12794148 | Both lymphotoxin-alpha and TNF are crucial for control of Toxoplasma gondii in the central nervous system. |
| 4524 | 12794148 | Immunity to Toxoplasma gondii critically depends on TNFR type I-mediated immune reactions, but the precise role of the individual ligands of TNFR1, TNF and lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha), is still unknown. |
| 4525 | 12794148 | Upon oral infection with T. gondii, TNF(-/-), LTalpha(-/-), and TNF/LTalpha(-/-) mice failed to control intracerebral T. gondii and succumbed to an acute necrotizing Toxoplasma encephalitis, whereas wild-type (WT) mice survived. |
| 4526 | 12794148 | Additionally, peritoneal macrophages produced reduced levels of NO upon infection with T. gondii and had significantly reduced toxoplasmastatic activity in TNF(-/-), LTalpha(-/-), and TNF/LTalpha(-/-) mice as compared with WT animals. |
| 4527 | 12794148 | Frequencies of parasite-specific IFN-gamma-producing T cells, intracerebral and splenic IFN-gamma production, and T. gondii-specific IgM and IgG titers in LTalpha(-/-) and TNF/LTalpha(-/-) mice were reduced only early after infection. |
| 4528 | 12794148 | In contrast, intracerebral IL-10 and IL-12p40 mRNA expression and splenic IL-2, IL-4, and IL-12 production were identical in all genotypes. |
| 4529 | 12794148 | In addition, TNF(-/-), LTalpha(-/-), and TNF/LTalpha(-/-), but not WT, mice succumbed to infection with the highly attenuated ts-4 strain of T. gondii or to a subsequent challenge infection with virulent RH toxoplasms, although they had identical frequencies of IFN-gamma-producing T cells as compared with WT mice. |
| 4530 | 12794148 | Generation and infection of bone marrow reconstitution chimeras demonstrated an exclusive role of hematogeneously produced TNF and LTalpha for survival of toxoplasmosis. |
| 4531 | 12794148 | These findings demonstrate the crucial role of both LTalpha and TNF for control of intracerebral toxoplasms. |
| 4532 | 12798631 | Enhancement of Sm-p80 (large subunit of calpain) induced protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni through co-delivery of interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 in a DNA vaccine formulation. |
| 4533 | 12798631 | In the present study, we have utilized DNA immunization protocols using Sm-p80 with plasmids encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-12 (IL-12). |
| 4534 | 12798631 | Statistically, the protection conferred by including IL-2 and IL-12 was significantly greater than when only the Sm-p80 was used. |
| 4535 | 12798631 | Enhancement of Sm-p80 (large subunit of calpain) induced protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni through co-delivery of interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 in a DNA vaccine formulation. |
| 4536 | 12798631 | In the present study, we have utilized DNA immunization protocols using Sm-p80 with plasmids encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-12 (IL-12). |
| 4537 | 12798631 | Statistically, the protection conferred by including IL-2 and IL-12 was significantly greater than when only the Sm-p80 was used. |
| 4538 | 12798631 | Enhancement of Sm-p80 (large subunit of calpain) induced protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni through co-delivery of interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 in a DNA vaccine formulation. |
| 4539 | 12798631 | In the present study, we have utilized DNA immunization protocols using Sm-p80 with plasmids encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-12 (IL-12). |
| 4540 | 12798631 | Statistically, the protection conferred by including IL-2 and IL-12 was significantly greater than when only the Sm-p80 was used. |
| 4541 | 12805440 | For this purpose, an attenuated influenza A/PR8/34 virus with a truncated nonstructural (NS1) gene was generated containing the E75 epitope in its neuraminidase protein (KIF-NS virus). |
| 4542 | 12805440 | Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and of tumor-associated lymphocytes from ovarian and breast cancer patients with DCs infected with KIF-NS virus (KIF-NS DC) induced CTLs that specifically recognized the peptide KIF and HER-2-expressing tumors in cytotoxicity assays and secreted gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 at recall with peptide. |
| 4543 | 12808218 | The short insert including RANTES and IL-5 resulted in the successful expression from SHIV-3sj, while the construct having longer genes including IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12p35 failed to become replication competent. |
| 4544 | 12814694 | Kinetics of the production of serum antibody levels and Th1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines was studied in five pigs vaccinated with a synthetic tri-peptide vaccine (S3Pvac) against Taenia solium, a vaccine that has been shown protects pigs against naturally acquired infection. |
| 4545 | 12814694 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of vaccinated pigs showed a significant increment in the production of Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) after specific PBLs stimulation with all the individual peptides. |
| 4546 | 12814694 | Kinetics of the production of serum antibody levels and Th1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines was studied in five pigs vaccinated with a synthetic tri-peptide vaccine (S3Pvac) against Taenia solium, a vaccine that has been shown protects pigs against naturally acquired infection. |
| 4547 | 12814694 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of vaccinated pigs showed a significant increment in the production of Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) after specific PBLs stimulation with all the individual peptides. |
| 4548 | 12817004 | Expansion of clonal populations of Ag (OVA and pigeon cytochrome c-specific) CD4(+) T cells was limited at higher precursor frequencies, presumably reflecting intraclonal competition. |
| 4549 | 12817004 | In contrast, a strong enhancement of the number of cells expressing IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-2 was observed in populations of cells at low precursor frequency in the presence of a high frequency of activated cells of a different Ag specificity. |
| 4550 | 12842611 | In a subset of ponies, lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBLs), nasopharyngeal mucosal tissue, or lymph nodes (LNLs) were collected for measurement of influenza virus-specific lymphoproliferative responses, local antibody production and IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA production by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). |
| 4551 | 12845773 | Furthermore, a Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-class-I-restricted T cell activation ELISPOT assay showed elevated interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, and interleukin-12 production in HA/SHIV 89.6 VLP-immunized mice, indicating that phenotypically mixed HA/SHIV 89.6 VLPs can enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses at multiple mucosal sites. |
| 4552 | 12851699 | Murine neuroblastoma C1300 cells transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene (C1300/IL-2, C1300/IL-4 or C1300/GM-CSF) were used as cytokine-producers. |
| 4553 | 12851699 | Glioma-specific CTL activity was equivalently induced in the rats vaccinated s.c. with irradiated 9L, irradiated IL-2-producing 9L cells or the mixed population of irradiated 9L and C1300/IL-2 cells, while the activity was relatively lower in the rats vaccinated with irradiated 9L cells mixed with either C1300/IL-4 or C1300/GM-CSF cells. |
| 4554 | 12851699 | In the rats immunized s.c. with irradiated 9L cells, intracerebral (i.c.) 9L tumors implanted together with either C1300/IL-2 or C1300/IL-4 were completely rejected. |
| 4555 | 12851699 | Murine neuroblastoma C1300 cells transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene (C1300/IL-2, C1300/IL-4 or C1300/GM-CSF) were used as cytokine-producers. |
| 4556 | 12851699 | Glioma-specific CTL activity was equivalently induced in the rats vaccinated s.c. with irradiated 9L, irradiated IL-2-producing 9L cells or the mixed population of irradiated 9L and C1300/IL-2 cells, while the activity was relatively lower in the rats vaccinated with irradiated 9L cells mixed with either C1300/IL-4 or C1300/GM-CSF cells. |
| 4557 | 12851699 | In the rats immunized s.c. with irradiated 9L cells, intracerebral (i.c.) 9L tumors implanted together with either C1300/IL-2 or C1300/IL-4 were completely rejected. |
| 4558 | 12851699 | Murine neuroblastoma C1300 cells transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene (C1300/IL-2, C1300/IL-4 or C1300/GM-CSF) were used as cytokine-producers. |
| 4559 | 12851699 | Glioma-specific CTL activity was equivalently induced in the rats vaccinated s.c. with irradiated 9L, irradiated IL-2-producing 9L cells or the mixed population of irradiated 9L and C1300/IL-2 cells, while the activity was relatively lower in the rats vaccinated with irradiated 9L cells mixed with either C1300/IL-4 or C1300/GM-CSF cells. |
| 4560 | 12851699 | In the rats immunized s.c. with irradiated 9L cells, intracerebral (i.c.) 9L tumors implanted together with either C1300/IL-2 or C1300/IL-4 were completely rejected. |
| 4561 | 12853154 | Stimulated T-lymphocytes produced IL-2, and in response to protease-derived peptides, also IFN-gamma. |
| 4562 | 12857959 | Growth of primary s.c. tumor and dissemination of pulmonary metastases was markedly suppressed by this oral DNA vaccine, carried by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium, encoding murine Fos-related antigen 1, fused with mutant polyubiquitin, and cotransformed with secretory murine IL-18. |
| 4563 | 12857959 | Markedly increased specific target cell lysis was mediated by both MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells isolated from splenocytes of vaccinated mice, including a significant release of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 4564 | 12860162 | IL-2 is itself a useful component of combination immunotherapy, such as with melanoma peptide vaccines, or with interferon-alfa-2b, (IFN-a), as a dual combination or part of a biochemotherapy regimen. |
| 4565 | 12860163 | Encouraging attempts have been made with plasmapheresis, indomethacin, low-dose cyclophosphamide, anti CTLA-4, anti FAS ligand and, perhaps in the future, more judiciously applied chemotherapy. |
| 4566 | 12860163 | Recombinant IL-1 and IL-2 by themselves, and in combination, were inactive. |
| 4567 | 12861355 | Furthermore, a synergistic effect achieved by combining targeted IL-2-immunotherapy with an antiangiogenic inhibitor of integrin alpha(v)beta(3) extends the potential of this immunotherapeutic strategy in combination with antiangiogenesis as demonstrated in three syngeneic tumor models. |
| 4568 | 12871214 | Interleukin-2, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma production by T cells in proliferation assays with HBV-MoDC was significantly lower than with control-MoDC and correlated with lower IL-12 production in HBV-MoDC cultures. |
| 4569 | 12900373 | Synergistic effect of a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced tumor vaccine and systemic interleukin-2 in the treatment of murine colorectal cancer hepatic metastases. |
| 4570 | 12900767 | The MHC Class II+/Ii- tumor cell phenotype is created by transfecting genes for either CIITA or IFN-gamma, and inhibiting induced Ii mRNA by an Ii reverse gene construct (Ii-RGC). |
| 4571 | 12900767 | Here we show that at 5 MOI (multiplicity of infection), recombinant adenoviruses with CIITA or IFN-gamma genes converted virtually all MC-38 colon adenocarcinoma cells and Renca renal carcinoma cells in culture to MHC Class II+/Ii+ cells. |
| 4572 | 12900767 | A single recombinant adenovirus with both genes for IFN-gamma and Ii-RGC (rAV/IFN-gamma/Ii-RGC) efficiently induced the MHC Class II+/Ii- phenotype. |
| 4573 | 12900767 | Injection of tumor nodules with rAV/Ii-RGC and rAV/CIITA/IFN-gamma combined with a suboptimal dose of rAV/IL-2 induced a potent antitumor immune response. |
| 4574 | 12909408 | In order to investigate these effects on the canine immune system and to elucidate possible mechanisms we determined the following immune parameters in the blood of 33 clinically sound German shepherd dogs before and after standard vaccination with a polyvalent vaccine against distemper, parvovirus, viral hepatitis, leptospirosis, kennel cough and rabies: white and differential blood cell count, the serum concentrations and/or activities of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, neopterin and IgG, natural killer (NK) cell activity, bactericidal activity and complement hemolytic activity, lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) and nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT). |
| 4575 | 12918057 | MHC class I- and II-restricted peptide epitopes, antigenic proteins, viral constructs, mini-genes and whole tumor cells have been used either alone or combined with different cytokines (i.e., IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF), adjuvants (incomplete Freund's adjuvant, montanide, QS21) or with dendritic cells to induce specific immune responses in vivo. |
| 4576 | 12922130 | To gain further insight into the cytokine production profile in response to measles vaccination, we studied interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and plasma. |
| 4577 | 12922130 | However, plasma levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, sIL-2R and TNF-alpha) were preferentially activated by measles virus after the first dose of measles vaccination. |
| 4578 | 12922132 | The fraction RP18-1 contained DS saponin adducts of N-dicyclohexylurea, and stimulated Th2 immunity with production of IgG1, while the RP18-2 fraction contained the dodecylamide derivatives of DS saponins and stimulated Th1 immunity with production of IgG2a, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and CTL. |
| 4579 | 12924094 | An experimental double immunization of BALB/c mice with a vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis was accompanied by the production of IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNFa and gamma-IFN in the blood serum of animals. |
| 4580 | 12924094 | After the second immunization and unlike the first one, there were changes in the production only of IL-10, IL-12 and gamma-IFN, which can be indicative of a regulation of balance between Th1 and Th2. |
| 4581 | 12937634 | Preclinical studies provided the regulatory, mechanistic and functional principles for cytokine gene-modified tumor vaccines and led to a number of phase I/II studies, including trials with IL-7-, IL-12-, GM-CSF- or interferon gamma-secreting tumor cell vaccines or IL-2 gene-transfected cell-based vaccines. |
| 4582 | 12937899 | To improve the antitumor effect of DC vaccine, Th1-biasing cytokine interleukin (IL) 18 and melanoma-associated antigen gp100 were cotransfected into bone marrow-derived DC (IL-18/gp100-DC), which were used as vaccine to induce the protective and therapeutic immunity in a B16 melanoma model. |
| 4583 | 12937899 | Immunization with IL-18/gp100-DC resulted in tumor resistance in 87.5% of the mice challenged with B16 cells; however, 12.5% and 25% of mice immunized with gp100 gene-modified DC (gp100-DC) or IL-18 gene-modified DC (IL-18-DC) were tumor free, respectively. |
| 4584 | 12937899 | Immune cell depletion experiments identified that CD4(+) T cells also played an important role in the priming phase of antitumor immunity and CD8(+) T lymphocytes were the primary effectors. gp100-specific CTL response were induced most markedly in the tumor-bearing mice immunized with IL-18/gp100-DC. |
| 4585 | 12937899 | Administration with such vaccine also significantly increased the production of Th1 cytokine (IL-2 and interferon-gamma) and induced infiltration of inflammatory cells inside and around the tumors. |
| 4586 | 12937899 | These results indicate that immunization with DC vaccine coexpressing Th1 cytokine IL-18 and tumor antigen gene may be an effective strategy for a successful therapeutic vaccination. |
| 4587 | 12942200 | IL-2 is itself a useful component of combination immunotherapy, such as with melanoma peptide vaccines, or with interferon alpha-2b, (IFN-alpha), as a dual combination or part of a biochemotherapy regimen. |
| 4588 | 12942200 | Combinations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and IFN-alpha or levamisole have had efficacy in colon and head and neck cancers, but here the biological agents have been biochemical modulators, not immunotherapy. |
| 4589 | 12943498 | Biological therapies with IFN-alpha and IL-2 have demonstrated a real but minimal effect. |
| 4590 | 12944986 | We inserted the genes encoding the MHC class I-restricted antigenic epitope of chicken ovalbumin and tyrosinase-related protein 2 into the signal sequence of the interleukin-2 gene, replacing part of the signal sequence at different positions. |
| 4591 | 12950681 | Using antibody depletion and coculture systems, we show that rCTB directly costimulates KLH-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation but not B cells. |
| 4592 | 12950681 | Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays revealed that rCTB also enhanced the KLH-specific CD4+ T-cell-mediated production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) by four to fivefold. |
| 4593 | 12950681 | Together these data show that rCTB can act as a strong adjuvant, by directly costimulating antigen-primed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 4594 | 12950684 | Fusion of interleukin-2 to subunit antigens increase their antigenicity in vitro due to an interleukin-2 receptor beta-mediated antigen uptake mechanism. |
| 4595 | 12950684 | The use of anti-IL-2 receptor beta (IL-2Rbeta) antibody to block the receptor subunit on macrophages suggested that the adjuvancy exerted by IL-2 in our in vitro system is due to, at least in part, a previously unreported IL-2Rbeta-mediated antigen uptake mechanism. |
| 4596 | 12950684 | Fusion of interleukin-2 to subunit antigens increase their antigenicity in vitro due to an interleukin-2 receptor beta-mediated antigen uptake mechanism. |
| 4597 | 12950684 | The use of anti-IL-2 receptor beta (IL-2Rbeta) antibody to block the receptor subunit on macrophages suggested that the adjuvancy exerted by IL-2 in our in vitro system is due to, at least in part, a previously unreported IL-2Rbeta-mediated antigen uptake mechanism. |
| 4598 | 12957792 | To understand the pathogenesis of vaccine-modified measles (VMM), we measured plasma levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 (Th1 cytokines), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), IL-12, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 in children with uncomplicated measles, who had anti-measles IgG antibodies and with a history of immunization on admission (day 0), day 14 and day 60. |
| 4599 | 12957792 | Plasma levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 were significantly higher in VMM patients on day 0 compared to healthy controls (p = 0.023; p = 0.018; p = 0.001) respectively. |
| 4600 | 12957792 | Kinetically, IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels decreased consistently from day 0 to days 14 and 60 in VMM patients. |
| 4601 | 12957792 | To understand the pathogenesis of vaccine-modified measles (VMM), we measured plasma levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 (Th1 cytokines), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), IL-12, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 in children with uncomplicated measles, who had anti-measles IgG antibodies and with a history of immunization on admission (day 0), day 14 and day 60. |
| 4602 | 12957792 | Plasma levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 were significantly higher in VMM patients on day 0 compared to healthy controls (p = 0.023; p = 0.018; p = 0.001) respectively. |
| 4603 | 12957792 | Kinetically, IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels decreased consistently from day 0 to days 14 and 60 in VMM patients. |
| 4604 | 12959322 | During the course of HIV-1 infection secretion of T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, and antiviral interferon (IFN)-gamma, is generally decreased, whereas production of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, is increased. |
| 4605 | 12959322 | HIV-inductive cytokines include: TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-1 and IL-6, which stimulate HIV-1 replication in T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15, which upregulate HIV-1 in T cells, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor, which stimulates HIV-1 in MDM. |
| 4606 | 12959322 | HIV-suppressive cytokines include: IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-16, which inhibit HIV-1 replication in T cells and MDM, and IL-10 and IL-13, which inhibit HIV-1 in MDM. |
| 4607 | 12959322 | Bifunctional cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor have been shown to have both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on HIV-1. |
| 4608 | 12959322 | The beta-chemokines, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES are important inhibitors of macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1, whereas the alpha-chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 suppresses infection of T-tropic strains of HIV-1. |
| 4609 | 12959322 | During the course of HIV-1 infection secretion of T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, and antiviral interferon (IFN)-gamma, is generally decreased, whereas production of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, is increased. |
| 4610 | 12959322 | HIV-inductive cytokines include: TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-1 and IL-6, which stimulate HIV-1 replication in T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15, which upregulate HIV-1 in T cells, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor, which stimulates HIV-1 in MDM. |
| 4611 | 12959322 | HIV-suppressive cytokines include: IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-16, which inhibit HIV-1 replication in T cells and MDM, and IL-10 and IL-13, which inhibit HIV-1 in MDM. |
| 4612 | 12959322 | Bifunctional cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor have been shown to have both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on HIV-1. |
| 4613 | 12959322 | The beta-chemokines, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES are important inhibitors of macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1, whereas the alpha-chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 suppresses infection of T-tropic strains of HIV-1. |
| 4614 | 12960315 | Infiltration with both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes was significantly more extensive in tumors from experimental mice than in tumors from control mice. |
| 4615 | 12960315 | CD63 was immunogenic in 2 of 13 melanoma patients, pointing to the potential of this Ag, combined with IL-2, as a vaccine for melanoma patients. |
| 4616 | 12965919 | Specifically the following parameters were assessed in baboons from 6 months to 26 years of age: relative numbers of B lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes expressing CD28, CD25, and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphoproliferative activity; and concentrations of total immunoglobulin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha, and soluble CD30 in serum. |
| 4617 | 12965919 | The increase in T-cell numbers involved both the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. |
| 4618 | 12965919 | In addition, there was a significant negative correlation of age with levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha in serum. |
| 4619 | 12965919 | Specifically the following parameters were assessed in baboons from 6 months to 26 years of age: relative numbers of B lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes expressing CD28, CD25, and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphoproliferative activity; and concentrations of total immunoglobulin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha, and soluble CD30 in serum. |
| 4620 | 12965919 | The increase in T-cell numbers involved both the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. |
| 4621 | 12965919 | In addition, there was a significant negative correlation of age with levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha in serum. |
| 4622 | 12966437 | An anti-MUC1-antibody-interleukin-2 fusion protein that activates resting NK cells to lysis of MUC1-positive tumour cells. |
| 4623 | 12966437 | In MUC1-positive tumours, MHC class I expression is frequently downregulated and MUC1-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) are either not available or in a state of anergy allowing tumour growth without limitation by CTL control. |
| 4624 | 12966437 | To activate lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, we here generated an anti-MUC1-scFv-IL2 fusion protein (C595scFv-Fc-IL2) that contains the C595 single-chain antibody for MUC1 binding, the human IgG1 CH2CH3 domain for protein dimerisation, and interleukin-2 (IL2) for activation of immunological effector cells. |
| 4625 | 12966437 | An anti-MUC1-antibody-interleukin-2 fusion protein that activates resting NK cells to lysis of MUC1-positive tumour cells. |
| 4626 | 12966437 | In MUC1-positive tumours, MHC class I expression is frequently downregulated and MUC1-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) are either not available or in a state of anergy allowing tumour growth without limitation by CTL control. |
| 4627 | 12966437 | To activate lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, we here generated an anti-MUC1-scFv-IL2 fusion protein (C595scFv-Fc-IL2) that contains the C595 single-chain antibody for MUC1 binding, the human IgG1 CH2CH3 domain for protein dimerisation, and interleukin-2 (IL2) for activation of immunological effector cells. |
| 4628 | 14500496 | In addition, after in vitro stimulation with rBLS, spleen cells from BLS-IFA-, BLS-Al-, or BLS-MPA-immunized mice proliferated and produced interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-10, and IL-4, suggesting the induction of a mixed Th1-Th2 response. |
| 4629 | 14500509 | T-cell responses, as measured by activation via interleukin-2 production, as well as antibody responses were comparable in the ICAM-1(-/-) and wild-type mice. |
| 4630 | 14506744 | We evaluated the clinical significance of Th1(IL-2)/Th2(IL-10) urinary profiles during a weekly induction course lasting 6 weeks, followed by a weekly maintenance therapy schedule for 3 weeks. |
| 4631 | 14506744 | Urinary IL-2 and /IL-10 were measured by ELISA in 39 patients receiving BCG for superficial bladder cancer or carcinoma in situ. |
| 4632 | 14506744 | During the extended induction cycle, the first instillation was associated with an IL-2 cytokine profile, whereas the second and third instillations were associated with a switch to an IL-10 cytokine profile. |
| 4633 | 14506744 | During the BCG extended induction cycle, the favorable IL-2 urinary cytokine pattern gradually switches to an IL-10 profile, suggesting that the schedule based on 3 weekly instillations may be unsuitable for some patients and that the dose and frequency of maintenance BCG instillations may be adapted to individual urinary cytokine levels. |
| 4634 | 14506744 | We evaluated the clinical significance of Th1(IL-2)/Th2(IL-10) urinary profiles during a weekly induction course lasting 6 weeks, followed by a weekly maintenance therapy schedule for 3 weeks. |
| 4635 | 14506744 | Urinary IL-2 and /IL-10 were measured by ELISA in 39 patients receiving BCG for superficial bladder cancer or carcinoma in situ. |
| 4636 | 14506744 | During the extended induction cycle, the first instillation was associated with an IL-2 cytokine profile, whereas the second and third instillations were associated with a switch to an IL-10 cytokine profile. |
| 4637 | 14506744 | During the BCG extended induction cycle, the favorable IL-2 urinary cytokine pattern gradually switches to an IL-10 profile, suggesting that the schedule based on 3 weekly instillations may be unsuitable for some patients and that the dose and frequency of maintenance BCG instillations may be adapted to individual urinary cytokine levels. |
| 4638 | 14506744 | We evaluated the clinical significance of Th1(IL-2)/Th2(IL-10) urinary profiles during a weekly induction course lasting 6 weeks, followed by a weekly maintenance therapy schedule for 3 weeks. |
| 4639 | 14506744 | Urinary IL-2 and /IL-10 were measured by ELISA in 39 patients receiving BCG for superficial bladder cancer or carcinoma in situ. |
| 4640 | 14506744 | During the extended induction cycle, the first instillation was associated with an IL-2 cytokine profile, whereas the second and third instillations were associated with a switch to an IL-10 cytokine profile. |
| 4641 | 14506744 | During the BCG extended induction cycle, the favorable IL-2 urinary cytokine pattern gradually switches to an IL-10 profile, suggesting that the schedule based on 3 weekly instillations may be unsuitable for some patients and that the dose and frequency of maintenance BCG instillations may be adapted to individual urinary cytokine levels. |
| 4642 | 14506744 | We evaluated the clinical significance of Th1(IL-2)/Th2(IL-10) urinary profiles during a weekly induction course lasting 6 weeks, followed by a weekly maintenance therapy schedule for 3 weeks. |
| 4643 | 14506744 | Urinary IL-2 and /IL-10 were measured by ELISA in 39 patients receiving BCG for superficial bladder cancer or carcinoma in situ. |
| 4644 | 14506744 | During the extended induction cycle, the first instillation was associated with an IL-2 cytokine profile, whereas the second and third instillations were associated with a switch to an IL-10 cytokine profile. |
| 4645 | 14506744 | During the BCG extended induction cycle, the favorable IL-2 urinary cytokine pattern gradually switches to an IL-10 profile, suggesting that the schedule based on 3 weekly instillations may be unsuitable for some patients and that the dose and frequency of maintenance BCG instillations may be adapted to individual urinary cytokine levels. |
| 4646 | 14522457 | The pattern of cytokine levels was in the following order: interferon-gamma>interleukin-2>interleukin-4. |
| 4647 | 14526414 | By using ELISA kit, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum and the splenic lymphocytic cultured supernatant were detected. |
| 4648 | 14526414 | The results showed that after the mice were immunized with 10(6) CFU of rMS-Sj26GST and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine separately by subcutaneous injection, proliferating ability of splenic lymphocytes in the mice showed no difference (P > 0.05), but both were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05); The contents of NO in the intraperitoneal macrophages of rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.001) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.01); The levels of serum IL-2 in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.001), vector group (P < 0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.05); The contents of serum IFN-gamma in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.05), The contents of IFN-gamma in the cultured supernatant were significantly lower than those of rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.001), but were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). |
| 4649 | 14526414 | By using ELISA kit, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum and the splenic lymphocytic cultured supernatant were detected. |
| 4650 | 14526414 | The results showed that after the mice were immunized with 10(6) CFU of rMS-Sj26GST and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine separately by subcutaneous injection, proliferating ability of splenic lymphocytes in the mice showed no difference (P > 0.05), but both were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05); The contents of NO in the intraperitoneal macrophages of rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.001) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.01); The levels of serum IL-2 in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.001), vector group (P < 0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.05); The contents of serum IFN-gamma in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.05), The contents of IFN-gamma in the cultured supernatant were significantly lower than those of rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.001), but were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). |
| 4651 | 14563689 | Rapid induction of autoantibodies against Nogo-A and MOG in the absence of an encephalitogenic T cell response: implication for immunotherapeutic approaches in neurological diseases. |
| 4652 | 14563689 | As antigen targets, we used Nogo-A and the strongly encephalitogenic myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). |
| 4653 | 14563689 | In contrast to subcutaneous immunization with MOG, in vitro cytokine secretion assays (IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-gamma) did not reveal activation of MOG-specific T cells after intrasplenic immunization. |
| 4654 | 14573640 | This response was increased by the coadministration of a plasmid encoding the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (pGM-CSF). |
| 4655 | 14573640 | The cellular immune response was associated with the production of gamma interferon IFN-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2), indicating that this was a Th1-type response. |
| 4656 | 14573662 | BCG vaccination at birth induced strong antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) responses and antigen-specific activation in CD4(+), CD8(+), and WC1(+) gammadelta T-cell subsets from blood. |
| 4657 | 14573662 | The revaccinated calves that subsequently developed tuberculous lesions had significantly stronger IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses to bovine purified protein derivative after the BCG booster than those in the same group that did not develop lesions. |
| 4658 | 14573662 | BCG vaccination at birth induced strong antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) responses and antigen-specific activation in CD4(+), CD8(+), and WC1(+) gammadelta T-cell subsets from blood. |
| 4659 | 14573662 | The revaccinated calves that subsequently developed tuberculous lesions had significantly stronger IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses to bovine purified protein derivative after the BCG booster than those in the same group that did not develop lesions. |
| 4660 | 14579266 | We show that E. coli LPS-pulsed MDDC released Th1-biasing cytokines - consisting of high levels of IL-12 p70, IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) - but also TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-1beta. |
| 4661 | 14579266 | In contrast, no IL-12 p70 or IP-10, and lower levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 were induced by P. gingivalis LPS. |
| 4662 | 14579266 | These differences were sustained at LPS doses that yielded nearly equivalent maturation of MDDC; moreover the T cell response was consistent: E. coli LPS-pulsed MDDC induced higher T cell proliferation, and T cells released more IFN-gamma and IL-2, but less IL-5 than T cells co-cultured with P. gingivalis LPS pulsed-MDDC. |
| 4663 | 14604574 | Spleen cells from these mice strongly proliferated and presented significant increase of IL-2 and IFN-gamma concentrations in their supernatant upon antigen stimulation. |
| 4664 | 14607921 | Impaired TCR-mediated induction of Ki67 by naive CD4+ T cells is only occasionally corrected by exogenous IL-2 in HIV-1 infection. |
| 4665 | 14607921 | Ki67, a molecule expressed during cell cycle progression, is induced less efficiently among naive CD4(+) T cells from HIV-infected individuals following activation with anti-TCR Ab. |
| 4666 | 14623747 | Effects of combined therapy with interleukin 2 and interleukin 12 gene-transfected tumor vaccine for head and neck carcinoma. |
| 4667 | 14632664 | RNA samples from stimulated and unstimulated chicken thymocytes were assayed for messenger RNA encoding the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-2, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), IFN-beta, IFN-gamma and transforming growth factor-beta4 (TGF-beta4), and also components of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) and the MHC class I alpha-chain (MHC IA). |
| 4668 | 14632664 | Mitogen stimulation of embryonic day 18 and day 1 post-hatch thymocytes induced up-regulation of IFN-gamma, IL-1beta and TGF-beta transcripts, and down-regulation of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-2 transcripts, with a higher induction of IFN-gamma, IL-1beta and TGF-beta transcripts in more immature T-cell-receptor-negative (TCR-) than TCR+ (TCR1+, TCR2+, or TCR3+) subsets. |
| 4669 | 14632664 | Thymocytes from embryonic day 14 chicks responded to mitogen with a short burst of unsustained proliferation, and transcriptional down-regulation of the cytokines IL-2, IL-1beta, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IFN-gamma. |
| 4670 | 14632664 | Transcripts encoding TGF-beta and type I interferons (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) were constitutively expressed at high levels in very early thymocytes at embryonic day 14. |
| 4671 | 14632664 | RNA samples from stimulated and unstimulated chicken thymocytes were assayed for messenger RNA encoding the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-2, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), IFN-beta, IFN-gamma and transforming growth factor-beta4 (TGF-beta4), and also components of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) and the MHC class I alpha-chain (MHC IA). |
| 4672 | 14632664 | Mitogen stimulation of embryonic day 18 and day 1 post-hatch thymocytes induced up-regulation of IFN-gamma, IL-1beta and TGF-beta transcripts, and down-regulation of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-2 transcripts, with a higher induction of IFN-gamma, IL-1beta and TGF-beta transcripts in more immature T-cell-receptor-negative (TCR-) than TCR+ (TCR1+, TCR2+, or TCR3+) subsets. |
| 4673 | 14632664 | Thymocytes from embryonic day 14 chicks responded to mitogen with a short burst of unsustained proliferation, and transcriptional down-regulation of the cytokines IL-2, IL-1beta, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IFN-gamma. |
| 4674 | 14632664 | Transcripts encoding TGF-beta and type I interferons (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) were constitutively expressed at high levels in very early thymocytes at embryonic day 14. |
| 4675 | 14632664 | RNA samples from stimulated and unstimulated chicken thymocytes were assayed for messenger RNA encoding the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-2, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), IFN-beta, IFN-gamma and transforming growth factor-beta4 (TGF-beta4), and also components of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) and the MHC class I alpha-chain (MHC IA). |
| 4676 | 14632664 | Mitogen stimulation of embryonic day 18 and day 1 post-hatch thymocytes induced up-regulation of IFN-gamma, IL-1beta and TGF-beta transcripts, and down-regulation of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-2 transcripts, with a higher induction of IFN-gamma, IL-1beta and TGF-beta transcripts in more immature T-cell-receptor-negative (TCR-) than TCR+ (TCR1+, TCR2+, or TCR3+) subsets. |
| 4677 | 14632664 | Thymocytes from embryonic day 14 chicks responded to mitogen with a short burst of unsustained proliferation, and transcriptional down-regulation of the cytokines IL-2, IL-1beta, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IFN-gamma. |
| 4678 | 14632664 | Transcripts encoding TGF-beta and type I interferons (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) were constitutively expressed at high levels in very early thymocytes at embryonic day 14. |
| 4679 | 14632751 | We measured both the proliferative and the CD4 interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 cytokine responses specific for 11 previously identified HIV-1 T helper epitopes in 10 HIV-infected non-progressors (LTNPs) (infected for a median of 15 years with a stable CD4 count of >500 cells x 10(6)/l), and seven slow progressors (SPs) (infected for a median of 15 years with a CD4 count that had declined to <500 cells x 10(6)/l). |
| 4680 | 14632751 | Compared to SPs, LTNPs had higher numbers of Gag-specific IFN-gamma+IL-2+ CD4s (P = 0.0059). |
| 4681 | 14632751 | A direct correlation was noted between proliferation and the Gag-specific IL-2 (P = 0.0053) rather than IFN-gamma response (P = 0.1336), demonstrating that the proliferation assay reflected the IL-2 rather than the IFN-gamma secreting capacity of CD4 cells. |
| 4682 | 14632751 | We measured both the proliferative and the CD4 interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 cytokine responses specific for 11 previously identified HIV-1 T helper epitopes in 10 HIV-infected non-progressors (LTNPs) (infected for a median of 15 years with a stable CD4 count of >500 cells x 10(6)/l), and seven slow progressors (SPs) (infected for a median of 15 years with a CD4 count that had declined to <500 cells x 10(6)/l). |
| 4683 | 14632751 | Compared to SPs, LTNPs had higher numbers of Gag-specific IFN-gamma+IL-2+ CD4s (P = 0.0059). |
| 4684 | 14632751 | A direct correlation was noted between proliferation and the Gag-specific IL-2 (P = 0.0053) rather than IFN-gamma response (P = 0.1336), demonstrating that the proliferation assay reflected the IL-2 rather than the IFN-gamma secreting capacity of CD4 cells. |
| 4685 | 14632751 | We measured both the proliferative and the CD4 interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 cytokine responses specific for 11 previously identified HIV-1 T helper epitopes in 10 HIV-infected non-progressors (LTNPs) (infected for a median of 15 years with a stable CD4 count of >500 cells x 10(6)/l), and seven slow progressors (SPs) (infected for a median of 15 years with a CD4 count that had declined to <500 cells x 10(6)/l). |
| 4686 | 14632751 | Compared to SPs, LTNPs had higher numbers of Gag-specific IFN-gamma+IL-2+ CD4s (P = 0.0059). |
| 4687 | 14632751 | A direct correlation was noted between proliferation and the Gag-specific IL-2 (P = 0.0053) rather than IFN-gamma response (P = 0.1336), demonstrating that the proliferation assay reflected the IL-2 rather than the IFN-gamma secreting capacity of CD4 cells. |
| 4688 | 14641916 | The V3-gp41, gp41 peptide and p17 and p24 peptides separately or in a cocktail were entrapped with or without MA729 as an immunoadjuvant in liposomes or ISCOMs. |
| 4689 | 14641916 | T-cell supernatants contained high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 4690 | 14654953 | Treatment of minimal residual disease after surgery or chemotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated tumours: Cytokine and gene therapy with IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 4691 | 14654953 | Moderately immunogenic HPV16-associated tumours TC-1 (MHC class I+, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+) and MK16/1/IIIABC (MK16, MHC class I-, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+), both of the H-2b haplotype and transplanted in syngeneic mice, were used to examine the effects of local IL-2 and GM-CSF cytokine or gene therapy in the treatment of minimal residual tumour disease. |
| 4692 | 14654953 | The mice carrying MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected into the site of the surgery either with irradiated, IL-2 gene-modified MK16 tumour cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4693 | 14654953 | Similarly, when the mice carrying TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected with recombinant GM-CSF, the recombinant GM-CSF inhibited growth of the tumour residua in the operated mice. |
| 4694 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and 8 days later, peritumourally, either with IL-2 gene-modified and IL-2-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4695 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and then, peritumourally, either with irradiated, GM-CSF gene-modified and GM-CSF-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant GM-CSF, it was found that both, the recombinant GM-CSF and GM-CSF gene therapy inhibited growth of tumour residua. |
| 4696 | 14654953 | It has been found that both, recombinant IL-2 and GM-CSF, can inhibit growth of the tumour residua after surgery or chemotherapy. |
| 4697 | 14654953 | The lung metastases in mice with surgical minimal residual tumour disease or in mice with tumour residua after chemotherapy were inhibited by IL-2 but not by GM-CSF. |
| 4698 | 14654953 | In conclusion, the MHC class I+ and MHC class I-, HPV16-associated tumours were found to be sensitive to IL-2 and GM-CSF therapy after surgery or after cytoreductive chemotherapy. |
| 4699 | 14654953 | Treatment of minimal residual disease after surgery or chemotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated tumours: Cytokine and gene therapy with IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 4700 | 14654953 | Moderately immunogenic HPV16-associated tumours TC-1 (MHC class I+, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+) and MK16/1/IIIABC (MK16, MHC class I-, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+), both of the H-2b haplotype and transplanted in syngeneic mice, were used to examine the effects of local IL-2 and GM-CSF cytokine or gene therapy in the treatment of minimal residual tumour disease. |
| 4701 | 14654953 | The mice carrying MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected into the site of the surgery either with irradiated, IL-2 gene-modified MK16 tumour cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4702 | 14654953 | Similarly, when the mice carrying TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected with recombinant GM-CSF, the recombinant GM-CSF inhibited growth of the tumour residua in the operated mice. |
| 4703 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and 8 days later, peritumourally, either with IL-2 gene-modified and IL-2-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4704 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and then, peritumourally, either with irradiated, GM-CSF gene-modified and GM-CSF-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant GM-CSF, it was found that both, the recombinant GM-CSF and GM-CSF gene therapy inhibited growth of tumour residua. |
| 4705 | 14654953 | It has been found that both, recombinant IL-2 and GM-CSF, can inhibit growth of the tumour residua after surgery or chemotherapy. |
| 4706 | 14654953 | The lung metastases in mice with surgical minimal residual tumour disease or in mice with tumour residua after chemotherapy were inhibited by IL-2 but not by GM-CSF. |
| 4707 | 14654953 | In conclusion, the MHC class I+ and MHC class I-, HPV16-associated tumours were found to be sensitive to IL-2 and GM-CSF therapy after surgery or after cytoreductive chemotherapy. |
| 4708 | 14654953 | Treatment of minimal residual disease after surgery or chemotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated tumours: Cytokine and gene therapy with IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 4709 | 14654953 | Moderately immunogenic HPV16-associated tumours TC-1 (MHC class I+, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+) and MK16/1/IIIABC (MK16, MHC class I-, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+), both of the H-2b haplotype and transplanted in syngeneic mice, were used to examine the effects of local IL-2 and GM-CSF cytokine or gene therapy in the treatment of minimal residual tumour disease. |
| 4710 | 14654953 | The mice carrying MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected into the site of the surgery either with irradiated, IL-2 gene-modified MK16 tumour cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4711 | 14654953 | Similarly, when the mice carrying TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected with recombinant GM-CSF, the recombinant GM-CSF inhibited growth of the tumour residua in the operated mice. |
| 4712 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and 8 days later, peritumourally, either with IL-2 gene-modified and IL-2-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4713 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and then, peritumourally, either with irradiated, GM-CSF gene-modified and GM-CSF-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant GM-CSF, it was found that both, the recombinant GM-CSF and GM-CSF gene therapy inhibited growth of tumour residua. |
| 4714 | 14654953 | It has been found that both, recombinant IL-2 and GM-CSF, can inhibit growth of the tumour residua after surgery or chemotherapy. |
| 4715 | 14654953 | The lung metastases in mice with surgical minimal residual tumour disease or in mice with tumour residua after chemotherapy were inhibited by IL-2 but not by GM-CSF. |
| 4716 | 14654953 | In conclusion, the MHC class I+ and MHC class I-, HPV16-associated tumours were found to be sensitive to IL-2 and GM-CSF therapy after surgery or after cytoreductive chemotherapy. |
| 4717 | 14654953 | Treatment of minimal residual disease after surgery or chemotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated tumours: Cytokine and gene therapy with IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 4718 | 14654953 | Moderately immunogenic HPV16-associated tumours TC-1 (MHC class I+, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+) and MK16/1/IIIABC (MK16, MHC class I-, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+), both of the H-2b haplotype and transplanted in syngeneic mice, were used to examine the effects of local IL-2 and GM-CSF cytokine or gene therapy in the treatment of minimal residual tumour disease. |
| 4719 | 14654953 | The mice carrying MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected into the site of the surgery either with irradiated, IL-2 gene-modified MK16 tumour cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4720 | 14654953 | Similarly, when the mice carrying TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected with recombinant GM-CSF, the recombinant GM-CSF inhibited growth of the tumour residua in the operated mice. |
| 4721 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and 8 days later, peritumourally, either with IL-2 gene-modified and IL-2-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4722 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and then, peritumourally, either with irradiated, GM-CSF gene-modified and GM-CSF-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant GM-CSF, it was found that both, the recombinant GM-CSF and GM-CSF gene therapy inhibited growth of tumour residua. |
| 4723 | 14654953 | It has been found that both, recombinant IL-2 and GM-CSF, can inhibit growth of the tumour residua after surgery or chemotherapy. |
| 4724 | 14654953 | The lung metastases in mice with surgical minimal residual tumour disease or in mice with tumour residua after chemotherapy were inhibited by IL-2 but not by GM-CSF. |
| 4725 | 14654953 | In conclusion, the MHC class I+ and MHC class I-, HPV16-associated tumours were found to be sensitive to IL-2 and GM-CSF therapy after surgery or after cytoreductive chemotherapy. |
| 4726 | 14654953 | Treatment of minimal residual disease after surgery or chemotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated tumours: Cytokine and gene therapy with IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 4727 | 14654953 | Moderately immunogenic HPV16-associated tumours TC-1 (MHC class I+, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+) and MK16/1/IIIABC (MK16, MHC class I-, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+), both of the H-2b haplotype and transplanted in syngeneic mice, were used to examine the effects of local IL-2 and GM-CSF cytokine or gene therapy in the treatment of minimal residual tumour disease. |
| 4728 | 14654953 | The mice carrying MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected into the site of the surgery either with irradiated, IL-2 gene-modified MK16 tumour cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4729 | 14654953 | Similarly, when the mice carrying TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected with recombinant GM-CSF, the recombinant GM-CSF inhibited growth of the tumour residua in the operated mice. |
| 4730 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and 8 days later, peritumourally, either with IL-2 gene-modified and IL-2-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4731 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and then, peritumourally, either with irradiated, GM-CSF gene-modified and GM-CSF-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant GM-CSF, it was found that both, the recombinant GM-CSF and GM-CSF gene therapy inhibited growth of tumour residua. |
| 4732 | 14654953 | It has been found that both, recombinant IL-2 and GM-CSF, can inhibit growth of the tumour residua after surgery or chemotherapy. |
| 4733 | 14654953 | The lung metastases in mice with surgical minimal residual tumour disease or in mice with tumour residua after chemotherapy were inhibited by IL-2 but not by GM-CSF. |
| 4734 | 14654953 | In conclusion, the MHC class I+ and MHC class I-, HPV16-associated tumours were found to be sensitive to IL-2 and GM-CSF therapy after surgery or after cytoreductive chemotherapy. |
| 4735 | 14654953 | Treatment of minimal residual disease after surgery or chemotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated tumours: Cytokine and gene therapy with IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 4736 | 14654953 | Moderately immunogenic HPV16-associated tumours TC-1 (MHC class I+, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+) and MK16/1/IIIABC (MK16, MHC class I-, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+), both of the H-2b haplotype and transplanted in syngeneic mice, were used to examine the effects of local IL-2 and GM-CSF cytokine or gene therapy in the treatment of minimal residual tumour disease. |
| 4737 | 14654953 | The mice carrying MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected into the site of the surgery either with irradiated, IL-2 gene-modified MK16 tumour cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4738 | 14654953 | Similarly, when the mice carrying TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected with recombinant GM-CSF, the recombinant GM-CSF inhibited growth of the tumour residua in the operated mice. |
| 4739 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and 8 days later, peritumourally, either with IL-2 gene-modified and IL-2-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4740 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and then, peritumourally, either with irradiated, GM-CSF gene-modified and GM-CSF-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant GM-CSF, it was found that both, the recombinant GM-CSF and GM-CSF gene therapy inhibited growth of tumour residua. |
| 4741 | 14654953 | It has been found that both, recombinant IL-2 and GM-CSF, can inhibit growth of the tumour residua after surgery or chemotherapy. |
| 4742 | 14654953 | The lung metastases in mice with surgical minimal residual tumour disease or in mice with tumour residua after chemotherapy were inhibited by IL-2 but not by GM-CSF. |
| 4743 | 14654953 | In conclusion, the MHC class I+ and MHC class I-, HPV16-associated tumours were found to be sensitive to IL-2 and GM-CSF therapy after surgery or after cytoreductive chemotherapy. |
| 4744 | 14654953 | Treatment of minimal residual disease after surgery or chemotherapy in mice carrying HPV16-associated tumours: Cytokine and gene therapy with IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 4745 | 14654953 | Moderately immunogenic HPV16-associated tumours TC-1 (MHC class I+, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+) and MK16/1/IIIABC (MK16, MHC class I-, HPV16 E6/E7+, G12V Ha-ras+), both of the H-2b haplotype and transplanted in syngeneic mice, were used to examine the effects of local IL-2 and GM-CSF cytokine or gene therapy in the treatment of minimal residual tumour disease. |
| 4746 | 14654953 | The mice carrying MHC class I+ TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected into the site of the surgery either with irradiated, IL-2 gene-modified MK16 tumour cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4747 | 14654953 | Similarly, when the mice carrying TC-1 tumour residua after surgery were injected with recombinant GM-CSF, the recombinant GM-CSF inhibited growth of the tumour residua in the operated mice. |
| 4748 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and 8 days later, peritumourally, either with IL-2 gene-modified and IL-2-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant IL-2. |
| 4749 | 14654953 | TC-1 tumours were injected i.p. with ifosfamide derivative CBM-4A and then, peritumourally, either with irradiated, GM-CSF gene-modified and GM-CSF-producing MK16 cells, or with recombinant GM-CSF, it was found that both, the recombinant GM-CSF and GM-CSF gene therapy inhibited growth of tumour residua. |
| 4750 | 14654953 | It has been found that both, recombinant IL-2 and GM-CSF, can inhibit growth of the tumour residua after surgery or chemotherapy. |
| 4751 | 14654953 | The lung metastases in mice with surgical minimal residual tumour disease or in mice with tumour residua after chemotherapy were inhibited by IL-2 but not by GM-CSF. |
| 4752 | 14654953 | In conclusion, the MHC class I+ and MHC class I-, HPV16-associated tumours were found to be sensitive to IL-2 and GM-CSF therapy after surgery or after cytoreductive chemotherapy. |
| 4753 | 14656542 | Messenger RNA for interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-4 was measured on days 0-10 by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of RNA of LDL. |
| 4754 | 14671100 | Immunization induced antibodies, peptide-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), protein-specific lymphoproliferative responses, IFN-gamma, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-4 T-helper responses in both vaccinees. |
| 4755 | 14685154 | However, in EBV-positive Hodgkin's disease (HD) the efficacy of adoptively transferred EBV-specific CTL may be limited by tumor-derived immunosuppressive factors, such as T-cell growth factor (TGF) beta, interleukin (IL)13 and the chemokine TARC. |
| 4756 | 14685154 | EBV-specific CTL transduced with a retrovirus vector expressing the p40 and p35 subunits of IL12 as a single molecule (Flexi-IL12), produced IL12 following antigenic stimulation. |
| 4757 | 14685154 | This resulted in an elevated production of Th1 cytokines, including interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and a reduction in the Th2 cytokines IL4 and IL5. |
| 4758 | 14685154 | Flexi-IL12-transduced CTL resisted the antiproliferative and anticytotoxic effects of exogenous TGFbeta, likely by antagonizing the TGFbeta-induced downregulation of the Th1 transcriptional factor T-bet. |
| 4759 | 14688360 | Improved effector activity and memory CD8 T cell development by IL-2 expression during experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection. |
| 4760 | 14688360 | Studies of mice suggest that RSV suppresses the effector activity of CD8 T cells and the development of pulmonary CD8 T cell memory, in which the impaired effector activity could be recovered by in vitro IL-2 treatment. |
| 4761 | 14688360 | The effector activity of RSV M2-specific CD8 T cells and the development of CD8 T cell memory in the lung was significantly increased by IL-2 expression. |
| 4762 | 14688360 | Improved effector activity and memory CD8 T cell development by IL-2 expression during experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection. |
| 4763 | 14688360 | Studies of mice suggest that RSV suppresses the effector activity of CD8 T cells and the development of pulmonary CD8 T cell memory, in which the impaired effector activity could be recovered by in vitro IL-2 treatment. |
| 4764 | 14688360 | The effector activity of RSV M2-specific CD8 T cells and the development of CD8 T cell memory in the lung was significantly increased by IL-2 expression. |
| 4765 | 14688360 | Improved effector activity and memory CD8 T cell development by IL-2 expression during experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection. |
| 4766 | 14688360 | Studies of mice suggest that RSV suppresses the effector activity of CD8 T cells and the development of pulmonary CD8 T cell memory, in which the impaired effector activity could be recovered by in vitro IL-2 treatment. |
| 4767 | 14688360 | The effector activity of RSV M2-specific CD8 T cells and the development of CD8 T cell memory in the lung was significantly increased by IL-2 expression. |
| 4768 | 14708863 | Proliferation, cytokine profile in culture supernatants from antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and specific IgG1, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgM & IgE levels were assessed. |
| 4769 | 14708863 | The evaluation of the cytokine profile [IL-2, IL-4 & IFN-gamma] in response to this antigen showed a significant increase as demonstrated by ELISA. |
| 4770 | 14708863 | Specifically, IFN-gamma and IL-2 were significantly detected by flow cytometry. |
| 4771 | 14708863 | Proliferation, cytokine profile in culture supernatants from antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and specific IgG1, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgM & IgE levels were assessed. |
| 4772 | 14708863 | The evaluation of the cytokine profile [IL-2, IL-4 & IFN-gamma] in response to this antigen showed a significant increase as demonstrated by ELISA. |
| 4773 | 14708863 | Specifically, IFN-gamma and IL-2 were significantly detected by flow cytometry. |
| 4774 | 14708979 | Lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were measured as indicators of cell-mediated immunity after immunization of chickens with a commercial killed Salmonella enteritidis (SE) vaccine or experimental subunit vaccines of crude protein (CP) extract or the outer membrane protein (OMP). |
| 4775 | 14708979 | Significantly increased IL-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were seen at 1 wk postimmunization in the three vaccination groups compared with adjuvant alone, but there were no differences between the killed vaccine and the subunit vaccines at this time, and the levels of both lymphokines returned to baseline at 2 wk postimmunization. |
| 4776 | 14708979 | Lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were measured as indicators of cell-mediated immunity after immunization of chickens with a commercial killed Salmonella enteritidis (SE) vaccine or experimental subunit vaccines of crude protein (CP) extract or the outer membrane protein (OMP). |
| 4777 | 14708979 | Significantly increased IL-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were seen at 1 wk postimmunization in the three vaccination groups compared with adjuvant alone, but there were no differences between the killed vaccine and the subunit vaccines at this time, and the levels of both lymphokines returned to baseline at 2 wk postimmunization. |
| 4778 | 14720334 | Rats were intradermally injected three times with vaccine comprising fixed 9L cells, IL-2- and GMCSF-microparticles, and tuberculin prior to (protective studies) or after (therapeutic studies) challenge with live 9L cells. |
| 4779 | 14722672 | Natural immunity boosted by IL-12 and IL-2 significantly hampers the progression of mammary lesions occurring in HER-2/neu transgenic mice genetically predestined to develop lethal mammary carcinomas. |
| 4780 | 14730400 | MHC class II and CD80 tumor cell-based vaccines are potent activators of type 1 CD4+ T lymphocytes provided they do not coexpress invariant chain. |
| 4781 | 14730400 | MHC class II(+)CD80+ vaccine cells were transfected with hen eggwhite lysozyme targeted to the cytosol, nuclei, mitochondria, or endoplasmic reticulum, and used as antigen-presenting cells to activate I-Ak-restricted, lysozyme-specific CD4+ 3A9 transgenic T cells. |
| 4782 | 14730400 | Regardless of the cellular location of lysozyme, the vaccines stimulated release of high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 4783 | 14730400 | If the vaccines coexpressed the MHC class II accessory molecule invariant chain, then IFN-gamma and IL-2 release was significantly reduced. |
| 4784 | 14730400 | These studies demonstrate that in the absence of invariant chain the MHC class II and CD80 tumor cell vaccines (1) function as antigen-presenting cells to activate naïve, tumor-specific CD4+ cells to endogenously synthesized tumor antigens; (2) polarize the activated CD4+ T cells toward a type 1 response; and (3) present epitopes derived from varied subcellular locales. |
| 4785 | 14730400 | MHC class II and CD80 tumor cell-based vaccines are potent activators of type 1 CD4+ T lymphocytes provided they do not coexpress invariant chain. |
| 4786 | 14730400 | MHC class II(+)CD80+ vaccine cells were transfected with hen eggwhite lysozyme targeted to the cytosol, nuclei, mitochondria, or endoplasmic reticulum, and used as antigen-presenting cells to activate I-Ak-restricted, lysozyme-specific CD4+ 3A9 transgenic T cells. |
| 4787 | 14730400 | Regardless of the cellular location of lysozyme, the vaccines stimulated release of high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 4788 | 14730400 | If the vaccines coexpressed the MHC class II accessory molecule invariant chain, then IFN-gamma and IL-2 release was significantly reduced. |
| 4789 | 14730400 | These studies demonstrate that in the absence of invariant chain the MHC class II and CD80 tumor cell vaccines (1) function as antigen-presenting cells to activate naïve, tumor-specific CD4+ cells to endogenously synthesized tumor antigens; (2) polarize the activated CD4+ T cells toward a type 1 response; and (3) present epitopes derived from varied subcellular locales. |
| 4790 | 14732882 | Various interleukin 2 (IL-2) dosing schedules and combinations with interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) have been tested in patients with advanced melanoma in phase I and II studies. |
| 4791 | 14732882 | The response rate reported with cytokines alone (IL-2 as a single agent or in combination with IFN-alpha) varies from 10-41%. |
| 4792 | 14732882 | Subsequently, biochemotherapy regimens combining IL-2, IFN-alpha and chemotherapy have been evaluated in phase II trials suggesting improved response rates. |
| 4793 | 14732882 | Various interleukin 2 (IL-2) dosing schedules and combinations with interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) have been tested in patients with advanced melanoma in phase I and II studies. |
| 4794 | 14732882 | The response rate reported with cytokines alone (IL-2 as a single agent or in combination with IFN-alpha) varies from 10-41%. |
| 4795 | 14732882 | Subsequently, biochemotherapy regimens combining IL-2, IFN-alpha and chemotherapy have been evaluated in phase II trials suggesting improved response rates. |
| 4796 | 14732882 | Various interleukin 2 (IL-2) dosing schedules and combinations with interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) have been tested in patients with advanced melanoma in phase I and II studies. |
| 4797 | 14732882 | The response rate reported with cytokines alone (IL-2 as a single agent or in combination with IFN-alpha) varies from 10-41%. |
| 4798 | 14732882 | Subsequently, biochemotherapy regimens combining IL-2, IFN-alpha and chemotherapy have been evaluated in phase II trials suggesting improved response rates. |
| 4799 | 14738463 | IL-12 enhances the generation of tumour antigen-specific Th1 CD4 T cells during ex vivo expansion. |
| 4800 | 14738463 | The effects of IL-12, along with IL-2, on the ex vivo generation of HER-2/neu antigen-specific T cells were examined. |
| 4801 | 14738463 | The resulting p776-790-specific T cells responded readily to antigen by proliferating and producing type I cytokines (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha). |
| 4802 | 14738463 | These results suggest that IL-12 is an important cytokine for ex vivo recovery and maintenance of antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes that would otherwise be lost by using IL-2 alone in combination with antigen. |
| 4803 | 14738463 | IL-12 enhances the generation of tumour antigen-specific Th1 CD4 T cells during ex vivo expansion. |
| 4804 | 14738463 | The effects of IL-12, along with IL-2, on the ex vivo generation of HER-2/neu antigen-specific T cells were examined. |
| 4805 | 14738463 | The resulting p776-790-specific T cells responded readily to antigen by proliferating and producing type I cytokines (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha). |
| 4806 | 14738463 | These results suggest that IL-12 is an important cytokine for ex vivo recovery and maintenance of antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes that would otherwise be lost by using IL-2 alone in combination with antigen. |
| 4807 | 14770083 | In a murine model of experimental bladder cancer, intravesical instillation of rBCG-IFNgamma resulted in an enhanced recruitment of CD4+ T-cells into the bladder and further induced the local expression of IL-2 and IL-4 cytokines (mRNA) compared to control rBCG. |
| 4808 | 14965375 | CCL3/MIP-1alpha is a potent immunostimulator when coexpressed with interleukin-2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a leukemia/lymphoma vaccine. |
| 4809 | 14965375 | In the A20 leukemia/lymphoma vaccine model, we explored the efficacy of MIP-1alpha in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 4810 | 14965375 | After subcutaneous injection of the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination vaccine, focal but pronounced infiltrates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed at the vaccination sites. |
| 4811 | 14965375 | In mice with preestablished leukemia/lymphoma, survival is significantly improved in animals treated with MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF- and MIP-1alpha + IL-2-secreting vaccines. |
| 4812 | 14965375 | Protection is superior in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group, with the effects of MIP-1alpha and GM-CSF being synergistic. |
| 4813 | 14965375 | In contrast, suppression of lymphoblast proliferation by single-immunogen vaccines secreting MIP-1alpha, GM-CSF, or IL-2 alone does not translate to improved survival. |
| 4814 | 14965375 | The systemic protective effects afforded by the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination are mediated by different effector cell populations. |
| 4815 | 14965375 | In the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 group, antineoplastic defense is mediated by CD8+ T and NK cells, whereas in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group CD4+ T cells are involved in addition to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, underscoring that T cell help is critical for long-term protection. |
| 4816 | 14965375 | CCL3/MIP-1alpha is a potent immunostimulator when coexpressed with interleukin-2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a leukemia/lymphoma vaccine. |
| 4817 | 14965375 | In the A20 leukemia/lymphoma vaccine model, we explored the efficacy of MIP-1alpha in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 4818 | 14965375 | After subcutaneous injection of the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination vaccine, focal but pronounced infiltrates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed at the vaccination sites. |
| 4819 | 14965375 | In mice with preestablished leukemia/lymphoma, survival is significantly improved in animals treated with MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF- and MIP-1alpha + IL-2-secreting vaccines. |
| 4820 | 14965375 | Protection is superior in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group, with the effects of MIP-1alpha and GM-CSF being synergistic. |
| 4821 | 14965375 | In contrast, suppression of lymphoblast proliferation by single-immunogen vaccines secreting MIP-1alpha, GM-CSF, or IL-2 alone does not translate to improved survival. |
| 4822 | 14965375 | The systemic protective effects afforded by the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination are mediated by different effector cell populations. |
| 4823 | 14965375 | In the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 group, antineoplastic defense is mediated by CD8+ T and NK cells, whereas in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group CD4+ T cells are involved in addition to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, underscoring that T cell help is critical for long-term protection. |
| 4824 | 14965375 | CCL3/MIP-1alpha is a potent immunostimulator when coexpressed with interleukin-2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a leukemia/lymphoma vaccine. |
| 4825 | 14965375 | In the A20 leukemia/lymphoma vaccine model, we explored the efficacy of MIP-1alpha in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 4826 | 14965375 | After subcutaneous injection of the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination vaccine, focal but pronounced infiltrates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed at the vaccination sites. |
| 4827 | 14965375 | In mice with preestablished leukemia/lymphoma, survival is significantly improved in animals treated with MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF- and MIP-1alpha + IL-2-secreting vaccines. |
| 4828 | 14965375 | Protection is superior in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group, with the effects of MIP-1alpha and GM-CSF being synergistic. |
| 4829 | 14965375 | In contrast, suppression of lymphoblast proliferation by single-immunogen vaccines secreting MIP-1alpha, GM-CSF, or IL-2 alone does not translate to improved survival. |
| 4830 | 14965375 | The systemic protective effects afforded by the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination are mediated by different effector cell populations. |
| 4831 | 14965375 | In the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 group, antineoplastic defense is mediated by CD8+ T and NK cells, whereas in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group CD4+ T cells are involved in addition to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, underscoring that T cell help is critical for long-term protection. |
| 4832 | 14965375 | CCL3/MIP-1alpha is a potent immunostimulator when coexpressed with interleukin-2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a leukemia/lymphoma vaccine. |
| 4833 | 14965375 | In the A20 leukemia/lymphoma vaccine model, we explored the efficacy of MIP-1alpha in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 4834 | 14965375 | After subcutaneous injection of the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination vaccine, focal but pronounced infiltrates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed at the vaccination sites. |
| 4835 | 14965375 | In mice with preestablished leukemia/lymphoma, survival is significantly improved in animals treated with MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF- and MIP-1alpha + IL-2-secreting vaccines. |
| 4836 | 14965375 | Protection is superior in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group, with the effects of MIP-1alpha and GM-CSF being synergistic. |
| 4837 | 14965375 | In contrast, suppression of lymphoblast proliferation by single-immunogen vaccines secreting MIP-1alpha, GM-CSF, or IL-2 alone does not translate to improved survival. |
| 4838 | 14965375 | The systemic protective effects afforded by the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination are mediated by different effector cell populations. |
| 4839 | 14965375 | In the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 group, antineoplastic defense is mediated by CD8+ T and NK cells, whereas in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group CD4+ T cells are involved in addition to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, underscoring that T cell help is critical for long-term protection. |
| 4840 | 14965375 | CCL3/MIP-1alpha is a potent immunostimulator when coexpressed with interleukin-2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a leukemia/lymphoma vaccine. |
| 4841 | 14965375 | In the A20 leukemia/lymphoma vaccine model, we explored the efficacy of MIP-1alpha in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 4842 | 14965375 | After subcutaneous injection of the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination vaccine, focal but pronounced infiltrates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed at the vaccination sites. |
| 4843 | 14965375 | In mice with preestablished leukemia/lymphoma, survival is significantly improved in animals treated with MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF- and MIP-1alpha + IL-2-secreting vaccines. |
| 4844 | 14965375 | Protection is superior in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group, with the effects of MIP-1alpha and GM-CSF being synergistic. |
| 4845 | 14965375 | In contrast, suppression of lymphoblast proliferation by single-immunogen vaccines secreting MIP-1alpha, GM-CSF, or IL-2 alone does not translate to improved survival. |
| 4846 | 14965375 | The systemic protective effects afforded by the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination are mediated by different effector cell populations. |
| 4847 | 14965375 | In the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 group, antineoplastic defense is mediated by CD8+ T and NK cells, whereas in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group CD4+ T cells are involved in addition to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, underscoring that T cell help is critical for long-term protection. |
| 4848 | 14965375 | CCL3/MIP-1alpha is a potent immunostimulator when coexpressed with interleukin-2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a leukemia/lymphoma vaccine. |
| 4849 | 14965375 | In the A20 leukemia/lymphoma vaccine model, we explored the efficacy of MIP-1alpha in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 4850 | 14965375 | After subcutaneous injection of the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination vaccine, focal but pronounced infiltrates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed at the vaccination sites. |
| 4851 | 14965375 | In mice with preestablished leukemia/lymphoma, survival is significantly improved in animals treated with MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF- and MIP-1alpha + IL-2-secreting vaccines. |
| 4852 | 14965375 | Protection is superior in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group, with the effects of MIP-1alpha and GM-CSF being synergistic. |
| 4853 | 14965375 | In contrast, suppression of lymphoblast proliferation by single-immunogen vaccines secreting MIP-1alpha, GM-CSF, or IL-2 alone does not translate to improved survival. |
| 4854 | 14965375 | The systemic protective effects afforded by the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination are mediated by different effector cell populations. |
| 4855 | 14965375 | In the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 group, antineoplastic defense is mediated by CD8+ T and NK cells, whereas in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group CD4+ T cells are involved in addition to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, underscoring that T cell help is critical for long-term protection. |
| 4856 | 14965375 | CCL3/MIP-1alpha is a potent immunostimulator when coexpressed with interleukin-2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a leukemia/lymphoma vaccine. |
| 4857 | 14965375 | In the A20 leukemia/lymphoma vaccine model, we explored the efficacy of MIP-1alpha in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 4858 | 14965375 | After subcutaneous injection of the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination vaccine, focal but pronounced infiltrates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed at the vaccination sites. |
| 4859 | 14965375 | In mice with preestablished leukemia/lymphoma, survival is significantly improved in animals treated with MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF- and MIP-1alpha + IL-2-secreting vaccines. |
| 4860 | 14965375 | Protection is superior in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group, with the effects of MIP-1alpha and GM-CSF being synergistic. |
| 4861 | 14965375 | In contrast, suppression of lymphoblast proliferation by single-immunogen vaccines secreting MIP-1alpha, GM-CSF, or IL-2 alone does not translate to improved survival. |
| 4862 | 14965375 | The systemic protective effects afforded by the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 or MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF combination are mediated by different effector cell populations. |
| 4863 | 14965375 | In the MIP-1alpha + IL-2 group, antineoplastic defense is mediated by CD8+ T and NK cells, whereas in the MIP-1alpha + GM-CSF group CD4+ T cells are involved in addition to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, underscoring that T cell help is critical for long-term protection. |
| 4864 | 14969600 | Serum samples obtained prior to (week 0) and after three vaccinations (week 4) were assayed for interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 4865 | 14969600 | Results (mean +/- SD) for 30 patients who had matching serum samples obtained at weeks 0 and 4 were: week 0, IL-2, 122 +/- 320 pg/mL; IFN-gamma, 0.1 +/- 0.4 IU/mL; IL-4, 10.0 +/- 19 pg/mL; IL-10, 159 +/- 237 pg/mL; week 4: 119 +/- 308 for IL-2; 0.1 +/- 0.4 for IFN-gamma; 16 +/- 29 for IL-4, and 210 +/- 273 for IL-10. |
| 4866 | 14969600 | Serum samples obtained prior to (week 0) and after three vaccinations (week 4) were assayed for interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 4867 | 14969600 | Results (mean +/- SD) for 30 patients who had matching serum samples obtained at weeks 0 and 4 were: week 0, IL-2, 122 +/- 320 pg/mL; IFN-gamma, 0.1 +/- 0.4 IU/mL; IL-4, 10.0 +/- 19 pg/mL; IL-10, 159 +/- 237 pg/mL; week 4: 119 +/- 308 for IL-2; 0.1 +/- 0.4 for IFN-gamma; 16 +/- 29 for IL-4, and 210 +/- 273 for IL-10. |
| 4868 | 14969693 | Plasmodium chabaudi adami: interferon-gamma but not IL-2 is essential for the expression of cell-mediated immunity against blood-stage parasites in mice. |
| 4869 | 14969693 | Parasitemia was prolonged in double knockout (IL-2(-/-), IFNgamma(-/-)) mice compared to control mice. |
| 4870 | 14969693 | However, because acute P. c. adami parasitemia may also be suppressed by CMI, the requirements for IL-2 and IFNgamma were evaluated in mice lacking B cells and functional IL-2 or IFNgamma genes. |
| 4871 | 14969693 | These data strongly suggest that IFNgamma, but not IL-2, plays an essential role in the expression of CMI against P. c. adami infections. |
| 4872 | 14969693 | Plasmodium chabaudi adami: interferon-gamma but not IL-2 is essential for the expression of cell-mediated immunity against blood-stage parasites in mice. |
| 4873 | 14969693 | Parasitemia was prolonged in double knockout (IL-2(-/-), IFNgamma(-/-)) mice compared to control mice. |
| 4874 | 14969693 | However, because acute P. c. adami parasitemia may also be suppressed by CMI, the requirements for IL-2 and IFNgamma were evaluated in mice lacking B cells and functional IL-2 or IFNgamma genes. |
| 4875 | 14969693 | These data strongly suggest that IFNgamma, but not IL-2, plays an essential role in the expression of CMI against P. c. adami infections. |
| 4876 | 14969693 | Plasmodium chabaudi adami: interferon-gamma but not IL-2 is essential for the expression of cell-mediated immunity against blood-stage parasites in mice. |
| 4877 | 14969693 | Parasitemia was prolonged in double knockout (IL-2(-/-), IFNgamma(-/-)) mice compared to control mice. |
| 4878 | 14969693 | However, because acute P. c. adami parasitemia may also be suppressed by CMI, the requirements for IL-2 and IFNgamma were evaluated in mice lacking B cells and functional IL-2 or IFNgamma genes. |
| 4879 | 14969693 | These data strongly suggest that IFNgamma, but not IL-2, plays an essential role in the expression of CMI against P. c. adami infections. |
| 4880 | 14969693 | Plasmodium chabaudi adami: interferon-gamma but not IL-2 is essential for the expression of cell-mediated immunity against blood-stage parasites in mice. |
| 4881 | 14969693 | Parasitemia was prolonged in double knockout (IL-2(-/-), IFNgamma(-/-)) mice compared to control mice. |
| 4882 | 14969693 | However, because acute P. c. adami parasitemia may also be suppressed by CMI, the requirements for IL-2 and IFNgamma were evaluated in mice lacking B cells and functional IL-2 or IFNgamma genes. |
| 4883 | 14969693 | These data strongly suggest that IFNgamma, but not IL-2, plays an essential role in the expression of CMI against P. c. adami infections. |
| 4884 | 14977956 | Pigs were found to mount Th1-like responses to M. bovis BCG vaccination as determined by immunoproliferation and IFN-gamma production. |
| 4885 | 14977956 | Although the gammadelta T-cell responses were dependent on the presence of CD4(+) T cells for the cytokine interleukin-2, the enhanced gammadelta T cells were due to the intrinsic changes of gammadelta T cells caused by M. bovis BCG vaccination rather than being due solely to help from CD4(+) T cells. |
| 4886 | 14977983 | MP-immunized animals had increased brain levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and interleukin-2. |
| 4887 | 14997036 | In particular, we focused on peripheral blood Th1/Th2 balance by measuring intracellular production of IFN-gamma, IL-2 (Th1), IL-4 (Th2), and IL-10 by CD4 T cells, using a nested case control study design within a large epidemiological survey. |
| 4888 | 14997036 | In particular, ongoing Th1-type immune activation was associated with multisymptom illness in GWVs, with sick veterans having significantly elevated levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 producing CD4+ cells in the absence of in vitro stimulation compared with wGWVs (P = 0.01 and P =0.001). |
| 4889 | 14997036 | In particular, we focused on peripheral blood Th1/Th2 balance by measuring intracellular production of IFN-gamma, IL-2 (Th1), IL-4 (Th2), and IL-10 by CD4 T cells, using a nested case control study design within a large epidemiological survey. |
| 4890 | 14997036 | In particular, ongoing Th1-type immune activation was associated with multisymptom illness in GWVs, with sick veterans having significantly elevated levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 producing CD4+ cells in the absence of in vitro stimulation compared with wGWVs (P = 0.01 and P =0.001). |
| 4891 | 14999599 | In vitro human memory CD8 T cell expansion in response to cytomegalovirus requires CD4+ T cell help. |
| 4892 | 14999599 | Expansion of memory CD8(+) T cells was completely dependent on the presence and function of CD4(+) T cells, whose "help" also could be induced by exposure to irrelevant antigen. |
| 4893 | 14999599 | Recombinant interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-15 could substitute for help provided by CD4(+) T cells, whereas CD8(+) T cell expansion was blocked by anti-IL-2 but not anti-IL-15 antibody. |
| 4894 | 14999599 | Human memory CD8(+) T cells expand dramatically in vitro in response to cross-presentation of HCMV antigens, and, in contrast to observations made in murine systems, this proliferation was critically dependent on CD4(+) T cells that provide essential IL-2. |
| 4895 | 14999599 | Thus, in humans, cross-presentation and expansion of memory CD8(+) T cells may be compromised in disease states that result in deficits in CD4(+) T cell numbers or function, such as may be seen in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. |
| 4896 | 14999599 | In vitro human memory CD8 T cell expansion in response to cytomegalovirus requires CD4+ T cell help. |
| 4897 | 14999599 | Expansion of memory CD8(+) T cells was completely dependent on the presence and function of CD4(+) T cells, whose "help" also could be induced by exposure to irrelevant antigen. |
| 4898 | 14999599 | Recombinant interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-15 could substitute for help provided by CD4(+) T cells, whereas CD8(+) T cell expansion was blocked by anti-IL-2 but not anti-IL-15 antibody. |
| 4899 | 14999599 | Human memory CD8(+) T cells expand dramatically in vitro in response to cross-presentation of HCMV antigens, and, in contrast to observations made in murine systems, this proliferation was critically dependent on CD4(+) T cells that provide essential IL-2. |
| 4900 | 14999599 | Thus, in humans, cross-presentation and expansion of memory CD8(+) T cells may be compromised in disease states that result in deficits in CD4(+) T cell numbers or function, such as may be seen in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. |
| 4901 | 15003638 | Moreover, INF-gamma, IL-2 and IL-10 mRNA expression increased more significantly in peripheral blood lymphocytes of IMS3012 group than in IMS2211 or ISA35 group. |
| 4902 | 15004163 | Nasal Flt3 ligand cDNA elicits CD11c+CD8+ dendritic cells for enhanced mucosal immunity. |
| 4903 | 15004163 | In addition, significant levels of OVA-specific CD4+ T cell proliferative responses and OVA-induced IL-4 and IL-2 production were noted in spleen and cervical lymph nodes. |
| 4904 | 15004163 | Further, marked increases in FL protein occurred in the nasal lamina propria and submandibular glands and the frequencies of CD11c+CD8+ dendritic cells (DCs) significantly increased in the mucosal tissues. |
| 4905 | 15004163 | Moreover, these DCs expressed high levels of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class II molecules. |
| 4906 | 15013994 | Three ophthalmic sponges, Weck-Cel, Ultracell, and Merocel, were loaded in vitro with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), immunoglobulin A (IgA), or IgG, and sponges were extracted and evaluated for total recovery by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 4907 | 15013994 | There was excellent (>75%) recovery for all immune markers from all three devices except for IL-6, which was poorly recovered (<60%) for all sponge types, IFN-gamma, which was poorly recovered from both Weck-Cel and Ultracell sponges but was completely recovered from Merocel sponges, and IL-4, which was poorly recovered from Weck-Cel sponges but was completely recovered from Ultracell or Merocel sponges. |
| 4908 | 15013994 | We then compared the absolute recovery of selected markers (IL-10, IL-12, IgG, and IgA) from cervical secretion specimens collected from women using each type of sponge. |
| 4909 | 15013994 | There were no significant differences in the recoveries of IL-10, IL-12, and IgG from cervical specimens collected by any type of ophthalmic sponge, but there was reduced IgA recovery from Merocel sponges. |
| 4910 | 15013994 | We infer from our data that the three collection devices are adequate for the measurements of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IgG. |
| 4911 | 15013994 | Merocel may be a better ophthalmic sponge for the collection of cervical secretions and measurements of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, and IFN-gamma, but our data from clinical specimens, not in vitro-loaded sponges, suggested the possibility of reduced recovery of IgA. |
| 4912 | 15013994 | Three ophthalmic sponges, Weck-Cel, Ultracell, and Merocel, were loaded in vitro with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), immunoglobulin A (IgA), or IgG, and sponges were extracted and evaluated for total recovery by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 4913 | 15013994 | There was excellent (>75%) recovery for all immune markers from all three devices except for IL-6, which was poorly recovered (<60%) for all sponge types, IFN-gamma, which was poorly recovered from both Weck-Cel and Ultracell sponges but was completely recovered from Merocel sponges, and IL-4, which was poorly recovered from Weck-Cel sponges but was completely recovered from Ultracell or Merocel sponges. |
| 4914 | 15013994 | We then compared the absolute recovery of selected markers (IL-10, IL-12, IgG, and IgA) from cervical secretion specimens collected from women using each type of sponge. |
| 4915 | 15013994 | There were no significant differences in the recoveries of IL-10, IL-12, and IgG from cervical specimens collected by any type of ophthalmic sponge, but there was reduced IgA recovery from Merocel sponges. |
| 4916 | 15013994 | We infer from our data that the three collection devices are adequate for the measurements of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IgG. |
| 4917 | 15013994 | Merocel may be a better ophthalmic sponge for the collection of cervical secretions and measurements of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, and IFN-gamma, but our data from clinical specimens, not in vitro-loaded sponges, suggested the possibility of reduced recovery of IgA. |
| 4918 | 15016855 | Interestingly, one animal that was completely protected from infection had the strongest IFN-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2) responses prior to challenge, in addition to very strong IL-4 responses to Gag and Env. |
| 4919 | 15045561 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from vaccinated macaques were stimulated with inactivated viral particles for 24 h, and the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was determined by ELISA and flow cytometry. |
| 4920 | 15057902 | Further associations were observed with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the IL2 and IL4 loci along with insertion/deletion variants at the IL12B locus (P =.003-.01). |
| 4921 | 15057902 | Host genetic associations were independent of one another as well as other HLA (A, B, C, and DQB1) and cytokine gene (IL4R, IL6, IL10, and TNF) variants. |
| 4922 | 15061718 | Unlike humans, the blastogenic as well as cytokine responses (IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4) to Con A was considerably higher as compared to PHA. |
| 4923 | 15064826 | Resistance in visceral leishmaniasis involves both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and IL-12, the latter in a mechanism independent of IFN-gamma and linked to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta production. |
| 4924 | 15064826 | Susceptibility involves IL-10 but not IL-4, and B cells. |
| 4925 | 15064826 | In immune animals, upon re-infection, the elements involved in resistance are different, i.e., CD8+ T cells and IL-2. |
| 4926 | 15064826 | Interactions of the co-stimulatory molecule family B7-CTLA-4 leading to increased level of TGF-beta as well as apoptosis of CD4+ T cells and inhibition of macrophage apoptosis by Leishmania infection are other components participating in immunosuppression. |
| 4927 | 15064826 | Resistance in visceral leishmaniasis involves both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and IL-12, the latter in a mechanism independent of IFN-gamma and linked to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta production. |
| 4928 | 15064826 | Susceptibility involves IL-10 but not IL-4, and B cells. |
| 4929 | 15064826 | In immune animals, upon re-infection, the elements involved in resistance are different, i.e., CD8+ T cells and IL-2. |
| 4930 | 15064826 | Interactions of the co-stimulatory molecule family B7-CTLA-4 leading to increased level of TGF-beta as well as apoptosis of CD4+ T cells and inhibition of macrophage apoptosis by Leishmania infection are other components participating in immunosuppression. |
| 4931 | 15068848 | The number and proportion of CD19+, CD3+, CD3+/CD4+, and CD3+/CD8+ splenocytes in HCV-C gene recipients was evaluated by flow cytometry. |
| 4932 | 15068848 | Stimulated T-cells secreted predominantly IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 4933 | 15076142 | Phase I trial of antigen-specific gene therapy using a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding MUC-1 and IL-2 in MUC-1-positive patients with advanced prostate cancer. |
| 4934 | 15076142 | The purpose of this phase 1 clinical trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose, safety of a multiple-dose regimen, and the immunologic effect of vaccinia virus expressing MUC-1 and IL-2 genes (VV/MUC-1/IL-2) in patients with advanced prostate cancer. |
| 4935 | 15076142 | Systemic immune modulation in this patient included (1) up-regulation of IL-2 (CD25) and T cell (TcR alphabeta) receptors, (2) increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio (2.5-fold) (3) augmentation of T-helper type 1 cell (TH1) (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) but not TH2 (IL-4) cytokine mRNA expression, (4) induction of natural killer cell activity and MHC independent MUC-1 specific cytotoxic T-cell activity, and (5) normalization of mRNA expression of T-cell-associated signal transduction molecules TcR-zeta and p56lck. |
| 4936 | 15076142 | These results suggest that VV/MUC-1/IL-2 gene therapy with a maximum tolerated dose of 5 x 10(7) pfu is safe and well tolerated. |
| 4937 | 15076142 | Phase I trial of antigen-specific gene therapy using a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding MUC-1 and IL-2 in MUC-1-positive patients with advanced prostate cancer. |
| 4938 | 15076142 | The purpose of this phase 1 clinical trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose, safety of a multiple-dose regimen, and the immunologic effect of vaccinia virus expressing MUC-1 and IL-2 genes (VV/MUC-1/IL-2) in patients with advanced prostate cancer. |
| 4939 | 15076142 | Systemic immune modulation in this patient included (1) up-regulation of IL-2 (CD25) and T cell (TcR alphabeta) receptors, (2) increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio (2.5-fold) (3) augmentation of T-helper type 1 cell (TH1) (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) but not TH2 (IL-4) cytokine mRNA expression, (4) induction of natural killer cell activity and MHC independent MUC-1 specific cytotoxic T-cell activity, and (5) normalization of mRNA expression of T-cell-associated signal transduction molecules TcR-zeta and p56lck. |
| 4940 | 15076142 | These results suggest that VV/MUC-1/IL-2 gene therapy with a maximum tolerated dose of 5 x 10(7) pfu is safe and well tolerated. |
| 4941 | 15076142 | Phase I trial of antigen-specific gene therapy using a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding MUC-1 and IL-2 in MUC-1-positive patients with advanced prostate cancer. |
| 4942 | 15076142 | The purpose of this phase 1 clinical trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose, safety of a multiple-dose regimen, and the immunologic effect of vaccinia virus expressing MUC-1 and IL-2 genes (VV/MUC-1/IL-2) in patients with advanced prostate cancer. |
| 4943 | 15076142 | Systemic immune modulation in this patient included (1) up-regulation of IL-2 (CD25) and T cell (TcR alphabeta) receptors, (2) increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio (2.5-fold) (3) augmentation of T-helper type 1 cell (TH1) (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) but not TH2 (IL-4) cytokine mRNA expression, (4) induction of natural killer cell activity and MHC independent MUC-1 specific cytotoxic T-cell activity, and (5) normalization of mRNA expression of T-cell-associated signal transduction molecules TcR-zeta and p56lck. |
| 4944 | 15076142 | These results suggest that VV/MUC-1/IL-2 gene therapy with a maximum tolerated dose of 5 x 10(7) pfu is safe and well tolerated. |
| 4945 | 15076142 | Phase I trial of antigen-specific gene therapy using a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding MUC-1 and IL-2 in MUC-1-positive patients with advanced prostate cancer. |
| 4946 | 15076142 | The purpose of this phase 1 clinical trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose, safety of a multiple-dose regimen, and the immunologic effect of vaccinia virus expressing MUC-1 and IL-2 genes (VV/MUC-1/IL-2) in patients with advanced prostate cancer. |
| 4947 | 15076142 | Systemic immune modulation in this patient included (1) up-regulation of IL-2 (CD25) and T cell (TcR alphabeta) receptors, (2) increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio (2.5-fold) (3) augmentation of T-helper type 1 cell (TH1) (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) but not TH2 (IL-4) cytokine mRNA expression, (4) induction of natural killer cell activity and MHC independent MUC-1 specific cytotoxic T-cell activity, and (5) normalization of mRNA expression of T-cell-associated signal transduction molecules TcR-zeta and p56lck. |
| 4948 | 15076142 | These results suggest that VV/MUC-1/IL-2 gene therapy with a maximum tolerated dose of 5 x 10(7) pfu is safe and well tolerated. |
| 4949 | 15096553 | When mice were immunized intranasally with recombinant lactococci expressing either inducible or constitutive E7, an antigen-specific cellular response (i.e. secretion of IL2 and IFN-gamma cytokines) was evoked and was substantially higher in mice receiving L. lactis expressing E7 with the inducible system. |
| 4950 | 15097300 | Daily low-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 added to single- or dual-nucleoside therapy in HIV infection does not protect against CD4+ T-cell decline or improve other indices of immune function: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial (ACTG 248). |
| 4951 | 15100273 | CY plus IL-2 treatment not only enhances proliferation and accumulation of effector CD4 cells, but also preserves the ability of these cells to express the effector cytokine IFN-gamma (and to a lesser extent TNF-alpha) in proportion to the level of parenchymal self-Ag expression. |
| 4952 | 15100273 | Although effector CD4 cells in CY plus IL-2-treated self-Ag-expressing mice eventually succumb to tolerization, this delay results in an increased level of in situ IFN-gamma expression in cognate Ag-expressing parenchymal tissues as well as death via a mechanism that requires direct parenchymal Ag presentation. |
| 4953 | 15100273 | CY plus IL-2 treatment not only enhances proliferation and accumulation of effector CD4 cells, but also preserves the ability of these cells to express the effector cytokine IFN-gamma (and to a lesser extent TNF-alpha) in proportion to the level of parenchymal self-Ag expression. |
| 4954 | 15100273 | Although effector CD4 cells in CY plus IL-2-treated self-Ag-expressing mice eventually succumb to tolerization, this delay results in an increased level of in situ IFN-gamma expression in cognate Ag-expressing parenchymal tissues as well as death via a mechanism that requires direct parenchymal Ag presentation. |
| 4955 | 15115073 | The expression of SjC23 and p35, p40 in muscle tissue was determined by immunohistochemical method. |
| 4956 | 15115073 | By culture of spleen cells, the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma with the stimulation of specific antigen of the recombinant hydrophilic domain of SjC23 (rSjC23-HD) was determined after the last immunization (before challenge). |
| 4957 | 15115073 | The results showed that SjC23 and p35, p40 of mouse IL-12 were expressed on the membrane and in the plasma of the muscle cells of immunized C57BL/6 mice. |
| 4958 | 15115073 | A rise of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the SjC23 group and SjC23+IL-12 group was observed; No changes were found in IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 4959 | 15115073 | The expression of SjC23 and p35, p40 in muscle tissue was determined by immunohistochemical method. |
| 4960 | 15115073 | By culture of spleen cells, the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma with the stimulation of specific antigen of the recombinant hydrophilic domain of SjC23 (rSjC23-HD) was determined after the last immunization (before challenge). |
| 4961 | 15115073 | The results showed that SjC23 and p35, p40 of mouse IL-12 were expressed on the membrane and in the plasma of the muscle cells of immunized C57BL/6 mice. |
| 4962 | 15115073 | A rise of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the SjC23 group and SjC23+IL-12 group was observed; No changes were found in IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 4963 | 15128763 | However, the development of a protective systemic memory was substantially impaired by this measure, i.e., mice, which successfully rejected s.c. tumors of B16 melanoma after vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with tyrosinase-related protein 2-derived peptides plus a boost with targeted IL-2, failed to reject a rechallenge with experimental pulmonary metastases. |
| 4964 | 15128763 | Detailed analysis revealed a change in the distribution of the tumor-reactive T cell population: although targeted IL-2 expanded the local effector population, tyrosinase-related protein 2-reactive T cells were almost completely depleted from lymphatic tissues. |
| 4965 | 15128763 | However, the development of a protective systemic memory was substantially impaired by this measure, i.e., mice, which successfully rejected s.c. tumors of B16 melanoma after vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with tyrosinase-related protein 2-derived peptides plus a boost with targeted IL-2, failed to reject a rechallenge with experimental pulmonary metastases. |
| 4966 | 15128763 | Detailed analysis revealed a change in the distribution of the tumor-reactive T cell population: although targeted IL-2 expanded the local effector population, tyrosinase-related protein 2-reactive T cells were almost completely depleted from lymphatic tissues. |
| 4967 | 15128786 | Both vectors induced IL-12 and TNF-alpha, but only Lm-LLO-E7 induced IL-2 production by DCs. |
| 4968 | 15128786 | Lm-LLO-E7 also induced significantly higher levels of MHC class II molecules, CD40, and B7 costimulatory molecules (CD86, B7-H1, and B7-DC) on DCs than Lm-E7. |
| 4969 | 15128786 | A similar shift is also observed for B7-H1 and B7-DC molecules. |
| 4970 | 15128787 | Stimulation by soluble CD70 promotes strong primary and secondary CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses in vivo. |
| 4971 | 15128787 | In this study we demonstrate that CD27 stimulation by soluble CD70 considerably enhances the magnitude and quality of the CD8(+) T cell response. |
| 4972 | 15128787 | Stimulation with soluble CD70 in the presence of Ag significantly enhanced the proliferation of CD8(+) T cells and their ability to produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma in vitro. |
| 4973 | 15128787 | Administration of Ag and soluble CD70 resulted in a massive (>300-fold) expansion of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells in vivo, which was due to the enhanced proliferation and survival of activated T cells. |
| 4974 | 15128787 | In mice that received Ag and soluble CD70, CD8(+) T cells developed into effectors with direct ex vivo cytotoxicity. |
| 4975 | 15128787 | Thus, in addition to increasing the frequency of primed Ag-specific T cells, CD27 signaling during the primary response instills a program of differentiation that allows CD8(+) T cells to overcome a state of unresponsiveness. |
| 4976 | 15128787 | Taken together these results demonstrate that soluble CD70 has potent in vivo adjuvant effects for CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 4977 | 15128839 | The Dsg3-specific Tr1 cells secreted IL-10, TGF-beta, and IL-5 upon Ag stimulation, proliferated in response to IL-2 but not to Dsg3 or mitogenic stimuli, and inhibited the proliferative response of Dsg3- and tetanus toxoid-responsive Th clones in an Ag-specific (Dsg3) and cell number-dependent manner. |
| 4978 | 15128839 | Moreover, their inhibitory effect was blocked by Ab against IL-10, TGF-beta, and by paraformaldehyde fixation. |
| 4979 | 15128839 | These observations strongly suggest that 1) Dsg3-responsive Tr1 cells predominate in healthy individuals, 2) their growth requires the presence of IL-2, and 3) they exert their Dsg3-dependent inhibitory function by the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-beta. |
| 4980 | 15128839 | The Dsg3-specific Tr1 cells secreted IL-10, TGF-beta, and IL-5 upon Ag stimulation, proliferated in response to IL-2 but not to Dsg3 or mitogenic stimuli, and inhibited the proliferative response of Dsg3- and tetanus toxoid-responsive Th clones in an Ag-specific (Dsg3) and cell number-dependent manner. |
| 4981 | 15128839 | Moreover, their inhibitory effect was blocked by Ab against IL-10, TGF-beta, and by paraformaldehyde fixation. |
| 4982 | 15128839 | These observations strongly suggest that 1) Dsg3-responsive Tr1 cells predominate in healthy individuals, 2) their growth requires the presence of IL-2, and 3) they exert their Dsg3-dependent inhibitory function by the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-beta. |
| 4983 | 15140052 | These fusion cells expressed major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) class I and II, CD86, CD11c and CD8alpha. |
| 4984 | 15140052 | Splenocytes from mice vaccinated with fusion cells showed increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity as compared with those vaccinated with DCs or tumour cells alone, and CTL levels were higher in fusion/IL-2-vaccinated mice than in fusion/LacZ-vaccinated mice. |
| 4985 | 15146294 | Primed DCs were assessed by the in vitro activation of B3Z OVA-specific CD8 T cells and the proliferation of OVA-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells from OT-I and OT-II TCR transgenic mice, respectively. |
| 4986 | 15146294 | Quantification of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha by cytometric bead array (CBA) assay determined the polarization of TH1/TH2 responses, whereas H-2 Kb/SIINFEKL tetramers monitored the expansion of OVA-specific T cells. |
| 4987 | 15146294 | The hybrids also induced the most potent CTLs, offered the highest protection against established EG7 tumors and also induced the highest stimulation of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production. |
| 4988 | 15153510 | Using plasmid vaccination with DNA encoding the putative phosphate transport receptor PstS-3 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 36 overlapping 20-mer peptides spanning the entire PstS-3 sequence, we determined the immunodominant Th1-type CD4(+) T cell epitopes in C57BL/10 mice, as measured by spleen cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 4989 | 15153510 | Furthermore, a potent IFN-gamma-inducing, D(b)-restricted CD8(+) epitope was identified using MHC class I mutant B6.C-H-2(bm13) mice and intracellular IFN-gamma and whole blood CD8(+) T cell tetramer staining. |
| 4990 | 15153510 | The CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell epitopes defined for PstS-3 were completely specific and not recognized in mice vaccinated with either PstS-1 or PstS-2 DNA. |
| 4991 | 15153510 | These results highlight the potential of DNA vaccination for the induction and characterization of CD4(+) and particularly CD8(+) T cell responses against mycobacterial Ags. |
| 4992 | 15162431 | Similar to naive CD4 T cells, Thpp cells expressed IL-2 but not the cytokines characteristic of differentiated Th1 or Th2 cells, such as IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-5. |
| 4993 | 15162431 | However, Thpp, Th1 and Th2 cells, but not naive cells, expressed several CC chemokines including CCL1/TCA3, CCL5/RANTES, CCL3/MIP-1 alpha, CCL4/MIP-1 beta, and CCL9/MIP-1 gamma. |
| 4994 | 15173014 | Immunoprevention of HER-2/neu transgenic mammary carcinoma through an interleukin 12-engineered allogeneic cell vaccine. |
| 4995 | 15173014 | Repeated vaccinations with cells engineered to release interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-15, or IFN-gamma showed that IL-12-engineered cell vaccines had the most powerful immunopreventive activity, with >80% of 1-year-old BALB-neuT mice free of tumors. |
| 4996 | 15173014 | The IL-12-engineered cell vaccine elicited a high production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 and a strong anti-HER-2/neu antibody response. |
| 4997 | 15173014 | The protection afforded by the IL-12-engineered cell vaccine was equal to that provided by the systemic administration of recombinant IL-12 in combination with HER-2/neu H-2(q) cell vaccine. |
| 4998 | 15173014 | However, IL-12-engineered cell vaccine induced much lower circulating IL-12 and IFN-gamma, and therefore lower potential side effects and systemic toxicity. |
| 4999 | 15178000 | Cell-mediated immune responses to a killed Salmonella enteritidis vaccine: lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell changes and interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, IL-2, and IFN-gamma production. |
| 5000 | 15178000 | Increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) by antigen-stimulated splenocytes following vaccination were, in general, more often observed in 4-wk-old compared with 8-mo-old chickens, whereas serum levels of these cytokines were consistently higher in the vaccinated birds compared with controls regardless of age. |
| 5001 | 15178000 | In contrast, no differences were noted with CD4+, CD8+, or TCRalphabeta+ cells at any time points examined. |
| 5002 | 15178000 | Higher levels of NO production were observed following stimulation with SE flagella at 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after SE vaccination while serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 were elevated only at day 7 post-vaccination. |
| 5003 | 15178000 | Cell-mediated immune responses to a killed Salmonella enteritidis vaccine: lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell changes and interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, IL-2, and IFN-gamma production. |
| 5004 | 15178000 | Increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) by antigen-stimulated splenocytes following vaccination were, in general, more often observed in 4-wk-old compared with 8-mo-old chickens, whereas serum levels of these cytokines were consistently higher in the vaccinated birds compared with controls regardless of age. |
| 5005 | 15178000 | In contrast, no differences were noted with CD4+, CD8+, or TCRalphabeta+ cells at any time points examined. |
| 5006 | 15178000 | Higher levels of NO production were observed following stimulation with SE flagella at 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after SE vaccination while serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 were elevated only at day 7 post-vaccination. |
| 5007 | 15179984 | Combined treatment with IFN-a, IL-2 and 5-FU has demonstrated a survival benefit in a single randomized controlled trial. |
| 5008 | 15213152 | Furthermore, a lack of CD25 expression on dividing cells suggested that EtxB-mediated T-cell clonal expansion may occur without a sustained requirement for interleukin 2. |
| 5009 | 15218165 | A series of mutated open reading frames encoding F proteins that lacked the entire pep27, that contained an arbitrarily chosen 23 aa sequence instead of pep27 or in which pep27 was replaced by the amino acid sequences for the bovine cytokines interleukin 2 (boIL2), interleukin 4 (boIL4) or gamma interferon (boIFN-gamma) was constructed. |
| 5010 | 15220412 | In addition, monkeys developed Gag-specific interleukin-2-secreting T cells, presumably belonging to the CD4(+) T-cell subset, and antibodies to both Gag and the adenoviral vaccine carriers. |
| 5011 | 15233729 | Encouraging studies involving cytokines such as granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, IL-18, and many others are examined. |
| 5012 | 15233729 | Notable chemokines that may offer hope in such efforts include IL-8, RANTES, CCL19, CCL21, and a few others. |
| 5013 | 15233729 | In addition, as more is discovered regarding the requirements for memory development of T cells, boosters involving key cytokines such as IL-15 and IL-23 may prove beneficial to long-term maintenance of the memory pool. |
| 5014 | 15238076 | A Helicobacter pylori-specific in vitro coculture system was established and used to study the role of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in gastritis development in mice with H. pylori infection. |
| 5015 | 15238076 | Using the Treg-depleted CD4+ T cells from immunized mice as effector cells, we compared the suppressive efficacy of Treg isolated from naïve, infected or immunized mice and found that Treg from naïve mice, and slightly less efficiently from infected mice, suppressed the CD25- effector T-cell response and in most cases were distinctly more efficacious than Treg isolated from immunized mice. |
| 5016 | 15238076 | The suppressive efficacy of Treg isolated from the differently treated mice correlated closely with production of interleukin-5 (IL-5) by the Treg and suppression of interferon-gamma and IL-2 production by the CD25- effector T cells. |
| 5017 | 15242946 | Additionally, coadministration of pCtB enhanced the production of interleukin-2 and gamma interferon by spleen cells but did not affect the production of interleukin-4, suggesting a Th1-type helper response. |
| 5018 | 15254744 | OK432 and PSK were examined in vitro, and compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a cytokine cocktail (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and PGE2). |
| 5019 | 15254744 | In the immunophenotypical analysis, the expression of CD80 and CD83 of DCs stimulated with OK-432 increased significantly compared with PSK and medium, and this up-regulation was the same as levels of DCs stimulated with cytokine cocktail. |
| 5020 | 15254744 | DCs stimulated with OK-432 showed significantly higher production of IL-12 and Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) compared with DCs stimulated with LPS or cytokine cocktail. |
| 5021 | 15254748 | They can be repaired, at least partially and in vitro, by cytokines (IFNgamma, TNFalpha) or by DNA demethylation/histone hyperacetylation procedures. |
| 5022 | 15254748 | The innate and adaptive antitumour immunity may be under some conditions interconnected: primary activation of the MHC class I-unrestricted surveillance mechanisms may lead to the production of IFNgamma by the activated NK/gammadelta T cells; the in situ produced IFNgamma may then up-regulate the MHC class I molecule expression on the tumour cell surface and in this way it may stimulate the more efficient, MHC class I-restricted, adaptive immunity. |
| 5023 | 15254748 | Either therapeutic procedures aiming at up-regulation of MHC class I expression, or enhancement of MHC class I-unrestricted (CD4+, NK, NKT, gammadelta T) tumour defence effector mechanisms by dendritic cell-based therapeutic vaccines, by cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IFNgamma, GM-CSF), or by the cytokine gene-based, genetically modified tumour vaccines should be considered. |
| 5024 | 15280930 | A phase I trial of pVAX/PSA, together with cytokine granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Molgramostim) and IL-2 (Aldesleukin) as vaccine adjuvants, was carried out in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. |
| 5025 | 15280930 | A PSA-specific cellular immune response, measured by IFN-gamma production against recombinant PSA protein, and a rise in anti-PSA IgG were detected in two of three patients after vaccination in the highest dose cohort. |
| 5026 | 15280930 | A decrease in the slope of PSA was observed in the two patients exhibiting IFN-gamma production to PSA. |
| 5027 | 15280930 | We demonstrate that DNA vaccination with a PSA-coding plasmid vector, given with GM-CSF and IL-2 to patients with prostate cancer, is safe and in doses of 900 microg the vaccine can induce cellular and humoral immune responses against PSA protein. |
| 5028 | 15280930 | A phase I trial of pVAX/PSA, together with cytokine granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Molgramostim) and IL-2 (Aldesleukin) as vaccine adjuvants, was carried out in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. |
| 5029 | 15280930 | A PSA-specific cellular immune response, measured by IFN-gamma production against recombinant PSA protein, and a rise in anti-PSA IgG were detected in two of three patients after vaccination in the highest dose cohort. |
| 5030 | 15280930 | A decrease in the slope of PSA was observed in the two patients exhibiting IFN-gamma production to PSA. |
| 5031 | 15280930 | We demonstrate that DNA vaccination with a PSA-coding plasmid vector, given with GM-CSF and IL-2 to patients with prostate cancer, is safe and in doses of 900 microg the vaccine can induce cellular and humoral immune responses against PSA protein. |
| 5032 | 15289022 | Using a similar protocol, we generated murine cytokine activated T lymphocytes (CAT) from splenocytes with the sequential addition of IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, anti-CD3 and IL-2. |
| 5033 | 15294176 | We investigated the feasibility of using N-terminal rat neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor overexpressing endogenous p185neu and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of this vaccine by fusion to various cytokine genes, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 5034 | 15294176 | In a therapeutic model, N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine was significantly better than N'-neu DNA vaccine, and N'-neu DNA vaccine was significantly better than control DNA or N'-neu-IL-4 DNA vaccine. |
| 5035 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD8+ T cells completely abolished the therapeutic effects of N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine and N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 5036 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells after tumor implantation had no influence on N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine, but enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 5037 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells or fusion to the IL-2 gene can thus further enhance the therapeutic effects of N'-neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor expressing endogenous p185neu. |
| 5038 | 15294176 | We investigated the feasibility of using N-terminal rat neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor overexpressing endogenous p185neu and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of this vaccine by fusion to various cytokine genes, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 5039 | 15294176 | In a therapeutic model, N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine was significantly better than N'-neu DNA vaccine, and N'-neu DNA vaccine was significantly better than control DNA or N'-neu-IL-4 DNA vaccine. |
| 5040 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD8+ T cells completely abolished the therapeutic effects of N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine and N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 5041 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells after tumor implantation had no influence on N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine, but enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 5042 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells or fusion to the IL-2 gene can thus further enhance the therapeutic effects of N'-neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor expressing endogenous p185neu. |
| 5043 | 15294176 | We investigated the feasibility of using N-terminal rat neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor overexpressing endogenous p185neu and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of this vaccine by fusion to various cytokine genes, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 5044 | 15294176 | In a therapeutic model, N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine was significantly better than N'-neu DNA vaccine, and N'-neu DNA vaccine was significantly better than control DNA or N'-neu-IL-4 DNA vaccine. |
| 5045 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD8+ T cells completely abolished the therapeutic effects of N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine and N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 5046 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells after tumor implantation had no influence on N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine, but enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 5047 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells or fusion to the IL-2 gene can thus further enhance the therapeutic effects of N'-neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor expressing endogenous p185neu. |
| 5048 | 15294176 | We investigated the feasibility of using N-terminal rat neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor overexpressing endogenous p185neu and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of this vaccine by fusion to various cytokine genes, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 5049 | 15294176 | In a therapeutic model, N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine was significantly better than N'-neu DNA vaccine, and N'-neu DNA vaccine was significantly better than control DNA or N'-neu-IL-4 DNA vaccine. |
| 5050 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD8+ T cells completely abolished the therapeutic effects of N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine and N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 5051 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells after tumor implantation had no influence on N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine, but enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 5052 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells or fusion to the IL-2 gene can thus further enhance the therapeutic effects of N'-neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor expressing endogenous p185neu. |
| 5053 | 15294176 | We investigated the feasibility of using N-terminal rat neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor overexpressing endogenous p185neu and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of this vaccine by fusion to various cytokine genes, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 5054 | 15294176 | In a therapeutic model, N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine was significantly better than N'-neu DNA vaccine, and N'-neu DNA vaccine was significantly better than control DNA or N'-neu-IL-4 DNA vaccine. |
| 5055 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD8+ T cells completely abolished the therapeutic effects of N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine and N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 5056 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells after tumor implantation had no influence on N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine, but enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 5057 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells or fusion to the IL-2 gene can thus further enhance the therapeutic effects of N'-neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor expressing endogenous p185neu. |
| 5058 | 15294987 | When aged mice were immunized with PV PSVs encoding human IL-2, specific Th cells were generated, producing murine IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. |
| 5059 | 15300803 | Use of adenoviruses encoding CD40L or IL-2 against B cell lymphoma. |
| 5060 | 15300803 | Subcutaneous vaccination with irradiated Ad-mCD40L-infected- or Ad-mIL-2-infected-A20 cells generated A20-specific CD8+ T cell responses and cross reactive A20 Ig antibodies. |
| 5061 | 15300803 | Significant A20-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was only demonstrated in splenocytes from these groups of vaccinated animals. |
| 5062 | 15308379 | IL-15 is superior to IL-2 in the generation of long-lived antigen specific memory CD4 and CD8 T cells in rhesus macaques. |
| 5063 | 15308379 | Using tetanus toxoid (TT) and influenza (Flu) immunization of rhesus macaques as a model, the effect of IL-2 and IL-15 on the generation and maintenance of antigen specific memory T cells was evaluated following primary and secondary immunization. |
| 5064 | 15308379 | Following primary immunization, TT specific CD4 and influenza matrix protein (Flu-MP) specific CD8 effector responses were enhanced by IL-2 administration but CD8 specific memory responses were no different from cytokine non-treated monkeys. |
| 5065 | 15308379 | IL-15 also significantly enhanced early and late TT specific CD4 responses. |
| 5066 | 15308379 | The highest levels of primary effector and memory T cells were observed following alternate administration of both IL-2 and IL-15. |
| 5067 | 15308379 | Following booster immunization, however, only IL-15 appeared able to enhance CD8 T cell responses while IL-2 or IL2/IL-15 administration were less effective. |
| 5068 | 15308379 | IL-15 is superior to IL-2 in the generation of long-lived antigen specific memory CD4 and CD8 T cells in rhesus macaques. |
| 5069 | 15308379 | Using tetanus toxoid (TT) and influenza (Flu) immunization of rhesus macaques as a model, the effect of IL-2 and IL-15 on the generation and maintenance of antigen specific memory T cells was evaluated following primary and secondary immunization. |
| 5070 | 15308379 | Following primary immunization, TT specific CD4 and influenza matrix protein (Flu-MP) specific CD8 effector responses were enhanced by IL-2 administration but CD8 specific memory responses were no different from cytokine non-treated monkeys. |
| 5071 | 15308379 | IL-15 also significantly enhanced early and late TT specific CD4 responses. |
| 5072 | 15308379 | The highest levels of primary effector and memory T cells were observed following alternate administration of both IL-2 and IL-15. |
| 5073 | 15308379 | Following booster immunization, however, only IL-15 appeared able to enhance CD8 T cell responses while IL-2 or IL2/IL-15 administration were less effective. |
| 5074 | 15308379 | IL-15 is superior to IL-2 in the generation of long-lived antigen specific memory CD4 and CD8 T cells in rhesus macaques. |
| 5075 | 15308379 | Using tetanus toxoid (TT) and influenza (Flu) immunization of rhesus macaques as a model, the effect of IL-2 and IL-15 on the generation and maintenance of antigen specific memory T cells was evaluated following primary and secondary immunization. |
| 5076 | 15308379 | Following primary immunization, TT specific CD4 and influenza matrix protein (Flu-MP) specific CD8 effector responses were enhanced by IL-2 administration but CD8 specific memory responses were no different from cytokine non-treated monkeys. |
| 5077 | 15308379 | IL-15 also significantly enhanced early and late TT specific CD4 responses. |
| 5078 | 15308379 | The highest levels of primary effector and memory T cells were observed following alternate administration of both IL-2 and IL-15. |
| 5079 | 15308379 | Following booster immunization, however, only IL-15 appeared able to enhance CD8 T cell responses while IL-2 or IL2/IL-15 administration were less effective. |
| 5080 | 15308379 | IL-15 is superior to IL-2 in the generation of long-lived antigen specific memory CD4 and CD8 T cells in rhesus macaques. |
| 5081 | 15308379 | Using tetanus toxoid (TT) and influenza (Flu) immunization of rhesus macaques as a model, the effect of IL-2 and IL-15 on the generation and maintenance of antigen specific memory T cells was evaluated following primary and secondary immunization. |
| 5082 | 15308379 | Following primary immunization, TT specific CD4 and influenza matrix protein (Flu-MP) specific CD8 effector responses were enhanced by IL-2 administration but CD8 specific memory responses were no different from cytokine non-treated monkeys. |
| 5083 | 15308379 | IL-15 also significantly enhanced early and late TT specific CD4 responses. |
| 5084 | 15308379 | The highest levels of primary effector and memory T cells were observed following alternate administration of both IL-2 and IL-15. |
| 5085 | 15308379 | Following booster immunization, however, only IL-15 appeared able to enhance CD8 T cell responses while IL-2 or IL2/IL-15 administration were less effective. |
| 5086 | 15308379 | IL-15 is superior to IL-2 in the generation of long-lived antigen specific memory CD4 and CD8 T cells in rhesus macaques. |
| 5087 | 15308379 | Using tetanus toxoid (TT) and influenza (Flu) immunization of rhesus macaques as a model, the effect of IL-2 and IL-15 on the generation and maintenance of antigen specific memory T cells was evaluated following primary and secondary immunization. |
| 5088 | 15308379 | Following primary immunization, TT specific CD4 and influenza matrix protein (Flu-MP) specific CD8 effector responses were enhanced by IL-2 administration but CD8 specific memory responses were no different from cytokine non-treated monkeys. |
| 5089 | 15308379 | IL-15 also significantly enhanced early and late TT specific CD4 responses. |
| 5090 | 15308379 | The highest levels of primary effector and memory T cells were observed following alternate administration of both IL-2 and IL-15. |
| 5091 | 15308379 | Following booster immunization, however, only IL-15 appeared able to enhance CD8 T cell responses while IL-2 or IL2/IL-15 administration were less effective. |
| 5092 | 15314040 | Furthermore, the UV-inactivated virion induced regional lymph node T-cell proliferation and significant levels of cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) upon restimulation with inactivated SARS-CoV virion in vitro. |
| 5093 | 15315840 | The latter included the shifting in serum levels of IL4 and IL5 to IL2 suggesting a switching from a T helper 2 (Th2) to a T helper 1 (Th1) subset. |
| 5094 | 15336780 | Using tetramer staining and limiting dilution analyses as monitors of CTL responses, we found significant increases in the number of antigen-specific CTL in circulation after vaccination with the MART-1(27-35) peptide (AAGIGILTV)-pulsed autologous APC, the MAGE-1(161-169) peptide (EADPTGHSY)-pulsed APC, or with autologous tumor lysate-pulsed APC. |
| 5095 | 15336780 | The decline in the CTL response was associated by a concomitant expansion of CD4(+) CD25(+)T cells. |
| 5096 | 15336780 | Analysis of postvaccine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients showed an increased amount of interleukin (IL)-10 secretion on in vitro stimulation with IL-2 after successive vaccination. |
| 5097 | 15336780 | Triple color flow cytometric analyses revealed cytoplasmic IL-10 in the CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cell fraction and the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) IL-10(+) T cells were found to increase significantly in postvaccine PBL. |
| 5098 | 15356430 | Urinary tract diseases revealed after DTP vaccination in infants and young children: cytokine irregularities and down-regulation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes induced by the vaccine may uncover latent diseases in genetically predisposed subjects. |
| 5099 | 15356430 | It is suggested that the whole-cell pertussis present in DTP vaccine, acting as an excessive stimulus in these patients, produced symptoms reminiscent of biologic responses to circulating proinflammatory monokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 because earlier it was reported that in vitro the whole-cell vaccine induced significantly more such cytokine production than did the acellular pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus-only vaccine. |
| 5100 | 15356430 | Analysis of the cellular immune disturbances previously reported in urinary tract infection/inflammation (increased serum and/or urinary IL-1alpha, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6 and IL-8), steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (increased IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and decreased or increased IL-4, depending on the cells studied), and atopic dermatitis (decreased IFN-gamma and increased IL-4 production), may suggest that similar subclinical chronic cytokine-mediated abnormalities produced in the course of latent diseases revealed in our patients, combined with those caused by DTP vaccination stimulus, were responsible for the pathomechanism of these clinical entities. |
| 5101 | 15356430 | This speculation is in agreement with the reports on the long-lasting induction of cytokine release and down-regulation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme activities after administration of DTP vaccine to mice and may be supported by the fact that TH1 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and RANTES, whereas TH2 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of the vascular cell adhesion molecule and P-selectin, which are key players in the migration into inflamed tissues and localization of lymphocytes and other allergic effector and inflammatory cells. |
| 5102 | 15356430 | Because several inflammatory cytokines down-regulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 and/or other enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, thus affecting the metabolism of several endogenous lipophilic substances such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and exogenous substances, their irregularities in the body may eventually lead to the flare of latent diseases in some predisposed subjects. |
| 5103 | 15356430 | Also, interleukin genetic polymorphisms, especially the constellation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 genetic variants, might predispose some infants with infection to a more than usually intense inflammatory response in the kidneys after vaccination. |
| 5104 | 15363646 | At enrollment we performed whole blood cultures for type 1 (interferon [IFN]-gamma, interleukin [IL]-2) and type 2/immunosuppressive (IL-5, IL-10) responses to mycobacterial antigens (purified protein derivative [PPD] and culture filtrate proteins [CFP]). |
| 5105 | 15363646 | The incidence of tuberculosis was not associated with IFN-gamma responses, but was higher among participants with IL-2 responses (adjusted rate ratios [RR]: PPD 3.48; CFP 3.99; P < 0.001). |
| 5106 | 15363646 | For tuberculin skin test-positive participants, high incidence was also associated with an IL-10 response to PPD (adjusted RR 6.24, P = 0.03); for those with a BCG scar, high incidence was associated with positive IL-5 responses (adjusted RRs: PPD 3.64, P = 0.006; CFP 3.44, P = 0.04). |
| 5107 | 15363646 | The association with IL-2 production may reflect a response to tuberculous infection or to activating disease; the associations with IL-10 and IL-5 are in keeping with the expected role of immunosuppressive or type 2 cytokines. |
| 5108 | 15363646 | At enrollment we performed whole blood cultures for type 1 (interferon [IFN]-gamma, interleukin [IL]-2) and type 2/immunosuppressive (IL-5, IL-10) responses to mycobacterial antigens (purified protein derivative [PPD] and culture filtrate proteins [CFP]). |
| 5109 | 15363646 | The incidence of tuberculosis was not associated with IFN-gamma responses, but was higher among participants with IL-2 responses (adjusted rate ratios [RR]: PPD 3.48; CFP 3.99; P < 0.001). |
| 5110 | 15363646 | For tuberculin skin test-positive participants, high incidence was also associated with an IL-10 response to PPD (adjusted RR 6.24, P = 0.03); for those with a BCG scar, high incidence was associated with positive IL-5 responses (adjusted RRs: PPD 3.64, P = 0.006; CFP 3.44, P = 0.04). |
| 5111 | 15363646 | The association with IL-2 production may reflect a response to tuberculous infection or to activating disease; the associations with IL-10 and IL-5 are in keeping with the expected role of immunosuppressive or type 2 cytokines. |
| 5112 | 15363646 | At enrollment we performed whole blood cultures for type 1 (interferon [IFN]-gamma, interleukin [IL]-2) and type 2/immunosuppressive (IL-5, IL-10) responses to mycobacterial antigens (purified protein derivative [PPD] and culture filtrate proteins [CFP]). |
| 5113 | 15363646 | The incidence of tuberculosis was not associated with IFN-gamma responses, but was higher among participants with IL-2 responses (adjusted rate ratios [RR]: PPD 3.48; CFP 3.99; P < 0.001). |
| 5114 | 15363646 | For tuberculin skin test-positive participants, high incidence was also associated with an IL-10 response to PPD (adjusted RR 6.24, P = 0.03); for those with a BCG scar, high incidence was associated with positive IL-5 responses (adjusted RRs: PPD 3.64, P = 0.006; CFP 3.44, P = 0.04). |
| 5115 | 15363646 | The association with IL-2 production may reflect a response to tuberculous infection or to activating disease; the associations with IL-10 and IL-5 are in keeping with the expected role of immunosuppressive or type 2 cytokines. |
| 5116 | 15381726 | Loss of HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation after acute HIV-1 infection and restoration by vaccine-induced HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells. |
| 5117 | 15381726 | Virus-specific CD8(+) T cells are associated with declining viremia in acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)1 infection, but do not correlate with control of viremia in chronic infection, suggesting a progressive functional defect not measured by interferon gamma assays presently used. |
| 5118 | 15381726 | This functional defect can be induced in vitro by depletion of CD4(+) T cells or addition of interleukin 2-neutralizing antibodies, and can be corrected in chronic infection in vitro by addition of autologous CD4(+) T cells isolated during acute infection and in vivo by vaccine-mediated induction of HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T helper cell responses. |
| 5119 | 15385926 | Real-time PCR confirmed higher expression of genes for IL-2 and IFN-gamma in T cells stimulated with Apo-DC. |
| 5120 | 15385926 | Concurrently, no IL-10 and low IL-4 responses indicated that the immune response was primarily of the Th1 type. |
| 5121 | 15456623 | The cytokine profile (interleukin [IL]-4, 5, 10 and 2, interferon [IFN-gamma], and tumor necrosis factor [TNF-alpha]) was determined before the start of treatment and at the end of follow-up (4-5 months). |
| 5122 | 15456623 | Levels of IL-4, 5 and 10 (Th2 profile) decreased while those of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha (Th1 profile) decreased. |
| 5123 | 15464846 | Plasmid DNA expressing interleukin-2 (pIL2) was encapsidated in VLP using the reassembly property of VLP from disassembled L1 capsomeres. pIL2 in reassembled VLP showed stability against DNase I, indicating encapsidation. |
| 5124 | 15471952 | When measured in real time, peptide antigen and the cytokines, interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-18, independently regulate the on/off kinetics of protective (interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha) and immunomodulatory (IL-2, CD40L) cytokine production by activated T cells and memory T cells. |
| 5125 | 15471952 | The remarkable differences in effector functions elicited by innate or adaptive signals (IL-12/ IL-18 or peptide, respectively) illustrate the complex and stringent regulation of cytokine expression by CD8(+) T cells. |
| 5126 | 15473356 | Enolase immunization stimulated a predominant T-helper-1 (Th1) cytokine pattern in splenic cells and induced production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) by purified CD4+ T cells. |
| 5127 | 15485577 | Effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of IL-2 and IL-12 in human B lymphoma cells on co-cultured PBMC. |
| 5128 | 15485577 | Combination treatment of recombinant IL-2 and IL-12 has been reported to be synergistic for inducing anti-tumor responses in solid tumors but the potential of IL-2/IL-12 gene modified B cell lymphoma cells has not been explored yet. |
| 5129 | 15485577 | Adenoviral transduction efficiencies were determined by GFP expression analysis and IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. |
| 5130 | 15485577 | An EuTDA cytotoxicity assay was used to compare cytotoxic activities of IL-2 and/or IL-12 stimulated PBMC against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5131 | 15485577 | Adenoviral-expressed IL-2 and IL-12 similarly led to dose-dependent increases in proliferation rates of PBMC obtained from healthy donors. |
| 5132 | 15485577 | IL-2 and/or IL-12 transduced lymphoma cells were co-cultured with PBMC, which were assayed for their cytolytic activity against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5133 | 15485577 | We found that IL-2 stimulated PBMC elicited a significant anti-tumor effect but not the combined effect of IL-2/IL-12 or IL-12 alone. |
| 5134 | 15485577 | CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the generation of recombinant adenovirus modified lymphoma cell vaccines based on lymphoma cell lines expressing IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine genes is technically feasible, induces increases in proliferation rates and cytotoxic activity of co-cultured PBMC, and warrants further development for the treatment of lymphoma patients in the future. |
| 5135 | 15485577 | Effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of IL-2 and IL-12 in human B lymphoma cells on co-cultured PBMC. |
| 5136 | 15485577 | Combination treatment of recombinant IL-2 and IL-12 has been reported to be synergistic for inducing anti-tumor responses in solid tumors but the potential of IL-2/IL-12 gene modified B cell lymphoma cells has not been explored yet. |
| 5137 | 15485577 | Adenoviral transduction efficiencies were determined by GFP expression analysis and IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. |
| 5138 | 15485577 | An EuTDA cytotoxicity assay was used to compare cytotoxic activities of IL-2 and/or IL-12 stimulated PBMC against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5139 | 15485577 | Adenoviral-expressed IL-2 and IL-12 similarly led to dose-dependent increases in proliferation rates of PBMC obtained from healthy donors. |
| 5140 | 15485577 | IL-2 and/or IL-12 transduced lymphoma cells were co-cultured with PBMC, which were assayed for their cytolytic activity against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5141 | 15485577 | We found that IL-2 stimulated PBMC elicited a significant anti-tumor effect but not the combined effect of IL-2/IL-12 or IL-12 alone. |
| 5142 | 15485577 | CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the generation of recombinant adenovirus modified lymphoma cell vaccines based on lymphoma cell lines expressing IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine genes is technically feasible, induces increases in proliferation rates and cytotoxic activity of co-cultured PBMC, and warrants further development for the treatment of lymphoma patients in the future. |
| 5143 | 15485577 | Effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of IL-2 and IL-12 in human B lymphoma cells on co-cultured PBMC. |
| 5144 | 15485577 | Combination treatment of recombinant IL-2 and IL-12 has been reported to be synergistic for inducing anti-tumor responses in solid tumors but the potential of IL-2/IL-12 gene modified B cell lymphoma cells has not been explored yet. |
| 5145 | 15485577 | Adenoviral transduction efficiencies were determined by GFP expression analysis and IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. |
| 5146 | 15485577 | An EuTDA cytotoxicity assay was used to compare cytotoxic activities of IL-2 and/or IL-12 stimulated PBMC against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5147 | 15485577 | Adenoviral-expressed IL-2 and IL-12 similarly led to dose-dependent increases in proliferation rates of PBMC obtained from healthy donors. |
| 5148 | 15485577 | IL-2 and/or IL-12 transduced lymphoma cells were co-cultured with PBMC, which were assayed for their cytolytic activity against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5149 | 15485577 | We found that IL-2 stimulated PBMC elicited a significant anti-tumor effect but not the combined effect of IL-2/IL-12 or IL-12 alone. |
| 5150 | 15485577 | CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the generation of recombinant adenovirus modified lymphoma cell vaccines based on lymphoma cell lines expressing IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine genes is technically feasible, induces increases in proliferation rates and cytotoxic activity of co-cultured PBMC, and warrants further development for the treatment of lymphoma patients in the future. |
| 5151 | 15485577 | Effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of IL-2 and IL-12 in human B lymphoma cells on co-cultured PBMC. |
| 5152 | 15485577 | Combination treatment of recombinant IL-2 and IL-12 has been reported to be synergistic for inducing anti-tumor responses in solid tumors but the potential of IL-2/IL-12 gene modified B cell lymphoma cells has not been explored yet. |
| 5153 | 15485577 | Adenoviral transduction efficiencies were determined by GFP expression analysis and IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. |
| 5154 | 15485577 | An EuTDA cytotoxicity assay was used to compare cytotoxic activities of IL-2 and/or IL-12 stimulated PBMC against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5155 | 15485577 | Adenoviral-expressed IL-2 and IL-12 similarly led to dose-dependent increases in proliferation rates of PBMC obtained from healthy donors. |
| 5156 | 15485577 | IL-2 and/or IL-12 transduced lymphoma cells were co-cultured with PBMC, which were assayed for their cytolytic activity against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5157 | 15485577 | We found that IL-2 stimulated PBMC elicited a significant anti-tumor effect but not the combined effect of IL-2/IL-12 or IL-12 alone. |
| 5158 | 15485577 | CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the generation of recombinant adenovirus modified lymphoma cell vaccines based on lymphoma cell lines expressing IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine genes is technically feasible, induces increases in proliferation rates and cytotoxic activity of co-cultured PBMC, and warrants further development for the treatment of lymphoma patients in the future. |
| 5159 | 15485577 | Effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of IL-2 and IL-12 in human B lymphoma cells on co-cultured PBMC. |
| 5160 | 15485577 | Combination treatment of recombinant IL-2 and IL-12 has been reported to be synergistic for inducing anti-tumor responses in solid tumors but the potential of IL-2/IL-12 gene modified B cell lymphoma cells has not been explored yet. |
| 5161 | 15485577 | Adenoviral transduction efficiencies were determined by GFP expression analysis and IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. |
| 5162 | 15485577 | An EuTDA cytotoxicity assay was used to compare cytotoxic activities of IL-2 and/or IL-12 stimulated PBMC against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5163 | 15485577 | Adenoviral-expressed IL-2 and IL-12 similarly led to dose-dependent increases in proliferation rates of PBMC obtained from healthy donors. |
| 5164 | 15485577 | IL-2 and/or IL-12 transduced lymphoma cells were co-cultured with PBMC, which were assayed for their cytolytic activity against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5165 | 15485577 | We found that IL-2 stimulated PBMC elicited a significant anti-tumor effect but not the combined effect of IL-2/IL-12 or IL-12 alone. |
| 5166 | 15485577 | CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the generation of recombinant adenovirus modified lymphoma cell vaccines based on lymphoma cell lines expressing IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine genes is technically feasible, induces increases in proliferation rates and cytotoxic activity of co-cultured PBMC, and warrants further development for the treatment of lymphoma patients in the future. |
| 5167 | 15485577 | Effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of IL-2 and IL-12 in human B lymphoma cells on co-cultured PBMC. |
| 5168 | 15485577 | Combination treatment of recombinant IL-2 and IL-12 has been reported to be synergistic for inducing anti-tumor responses in solid tumors but the potential of IL-2/IL-12 gene modified B cell lymphoma cells has not been explored yet. |
| 5169 | 15485577 | Adenoviral transduction efficiencies were determined by GFP expression analysis and IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. |
| 5170 | 15485577 | An EuTDA cytotoxicity assay was used to compare cytotoxic activities of IL-2 and/or IL-12 stimulated PBMC against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5171 | 15485577 | Adenoviral-expressed IL-2 and IL-12 similarly led to dose-dependent increases in proliferation rates of PBMC obtained from healthy donors. |
| 5172 | 15485577 | IL-2 and/or IL-12 transduced lymphoma cells were co-cultured with PBMC, which were assayed for their cytolytic activity against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5173 | 15485577 | We found that IL-2 stimulated PBMC elicited a significant anti-tumor effect but not the combined effect of IL-2/IL-12 or IL-12 alone. |
| 5174 | 15485577 | CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the generation of recombinant adenovirus modified lymphoma cell vaccines based on lymphoma cell lines expressing IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine genes is technically feasible, induces increases in proliferation rates and cytotoxic activity of co-cultured PBMC, and warrants further development for the treatment of lymphoma patients in the future. |
| 5175 | 15485577 | Effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of IL-2 and IL-12 in human B lymphoma cells on co-cultured PBMC. |
| 5176 | 15485577 | Combination treatment of recombinant IL-2 and IL-12 has been reported to be synergistic for inducing anti-tumor responses in solid tumors but the potential of IL-2/IL-12 gene modified B cell lymphoma cells has not been explored yet. |
| 5177 | 15485577 | Adenoviral transduction efficiencies were determined by GFP expression analysis and IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. |
| 5178 | 15485577 | An EuTDA cytotoxicity assay was used to compare cytotoxic activities of IL-2 and/or IL-12 stimulated PBMC against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5179 | 15485577 | Adenoviral-expressed IL-2 and IL-12 similarly led to dose-dependent increases in proliferation rates of PBMC obtained from healthy donors. |
| 5180 | 15485577 | IL-2 and/or IL-12 transduced lymphoma cells were co-cultured with PBMC, which were assayed for their cytolytic activity against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5181 | 15485577 | We found that IL-2 stimulated PBMC elicited a significant anti-tumor effect but not the combined effect of IL-2/IL-12 or IL-12 alone. |
| 5182 | 15485577 | CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the generation of recombinant adenovirus modified lymphoma cell vaccines based on lymphoma cell lines expressing IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine genes is technically feasible, induces increases in proliferation rates and cytotoxic activity of co-cultured PBMC, and warrants further development for the treatment of lymphoma patients in the future. |
| 5183 | 15485577 | Effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of IL-2 and IL-12 in human B lymphoma cells on co-cultured PBMC. |
| 5184 | 15485577 | Combination treatment of recombinant IL-2 and IL-12 has been reported to be synergistic for inducing anti-tumor responses in solid tumors but the potential of IL-2/IL-12 gene modified B cell lymphoma cells has not been explored yet. |
| 5185 | 15485577 | Adenoviral transduction efficiencies were determined by GFP expression analysis and IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. |
| 5186 | 15485577 | An EuTDA cytotoxicity assay was used to compare cytotoxic activities of IL-2 and/or IL-12 stimulated PBMC against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5187 | 15485577 | Adenoviral-expressed IL-2 and IL-12 similarly led to dose-dependent increases in proliferation rates of PBMC obtained from healthy donors. |
| 5188 | 15485577 | IL-2 and/or IL-12 transduced lymphoma cells were co-cultured with PBMC, which were assayed for their cytolytic activity against unmodified lymphoma cells. |
| 5189 | 15485577 | We found that IL-2 stimulated PBMC elicited a significant anti-tumor effect but not the combined effect of IL-2/IL-12 or IL-12 alone. |
| 5190 | 15485577 | CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the generation of recombinant adenovirus modified lymphoma cell vaccines based on lymphoma cell lines expressing IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine genes is technically feasible, induces increases in proliferation rates and cytotoxic activity of co-cultured PBMC, and warrants further development for the treatment of lymphoma patients in the future. |
| 5191 | 15494483 | We used 12-color flow cytometry to characterize Ag-specific T cells elicited by vaccines or natural infection to determine lineage and differentiation status as well as the capacity to produce four cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, and IL-4) and a chemokine (MIP1beta). |
| 5192 | 15507312 | Immune responses of swine following DNA immunization with plasmids encoding porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORFs 5 and 7, and porcine IL-2 and IFNgamma. |
| 5193 | 15507312 | In the present study, five eukaryotic double-gene expression plasmids containing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 and ORF7 genes combined with cDNAs encoding porcine IFNgamma and IL-2 were constructed for evaluation as PRRSV vaccine candidates. |
| 5194 | 15507312 | After immunization and viral challenge, two of three pigs immunized with pIRESorf5/IFNgamma, one of three pigs immunized with pIRESorf5/IL-2 and one of three pigs immunized with pIRESorf7/IL-2 were protected from lung lesions that were present in other vaccinated and control animals. |
| 5195 | 15507312 | Therefore, the porcine cytokines IFNgamma and IL-2, delivered in combination with ORF5 or ORF7, may improve the immune efficacy of DNA vaccines against PRRSV. |
| 5196 | 15507312 | Immune responses of swine following DNA immunization with plasmids encoding porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORFs 5 and 7, and porcine IL-2 and IFNgamma. |
| 5197 | 15507312 | In the present study, five eukaryotic double-gene expression plasmids containing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 and ORF7 genes combined with cDNAs encoding porcine IFNgamma and IL-2 were constructed for evaluation as PRRSV vaccine candidates. |
| 5198 | 15507312 | After immunization and viral challenge, two of three pigs immunized with pIRESorf5/IFNgamma, one of three pigs immunized with pIRESorf5/IL-2 and one of three pigs immunized with pIRESorf7/IL-2 were protected from lung lesions that were present in other vaccinated and control animals. |
| 5199 | 15507312 | Therefore, the porcine cytokines IFNgamma and IL-2, delivered in combination with ORF5 or ORF7, may improve the immune efficacy of DNA vaccines against PRRSV. |
| 5200 | 15507312 | Immune responses of swine following DNA immunization with plasmids encoding porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORFs 5 and 7, and porcine IL-2 and IFNgamma. |
| 5201 | 15507312 | In the present study, five eukaryotic double-gene expression plasmids containing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 and ORF7 genes combined with cDNAs encoding porcine IFNgamma and IL-2 were constructed for evaluation as PRRSV vaccine candidates. |
| 5202 | 15507312 | After immunization and viral challenge, two of three pigs immunized with pIRESorf5/IFNgamma, one of three pigs immunized with pIRESorf5/IL-2 and one of three pigs immunized with pIRESorf7/IL-2 were protected from lung lesions that were present in other vaccinated and control animals. |
| 5203 | 15507312 | Therefore, the porcine cytokines IFNgamma and IL-2, delivered in combination with ORF5 or ORF7, may improve the immune efficacy of DNA vaccines against PRRSV. |
| 5204 | 15507312 | Immune responses of swine following DNA immunization with plasmids encoding porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORFs 5 and 7, and porcine IL-2 and IFNgamma. |
| 5205 | 15507312 | In the present study, five eukaryotic double-gene expression plasmids containing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 and ORF7 genes combined with cDNAs encoding porcine IFNgamma and IL-2 were constructed for evaluation as PRRSV vaccine candidates. |
| 5206 | 15507312 | After immunization and viral challenge, two of three pigs immunized with pIRESorf5/IFNgamma, one of three pigs immunized with pIRESorf5/IL-2 and one of three pigs immunized with pIRESorf7/IL-2 were protected from lung lesions that were present in other vaccinated and control animals. |
| 5207 | 15507312 | Therefore, the porcine cytokines IFNgamma and IL-2, delivered in combination with ORF5 or ORF7, may improve the immune efficacy of DNA vaccines against PRRSV. |
| 5208 | 15510086 | The specific Th1 cell defect is correlated with insufficient Th and CTL responses, and lower production of type 1 cytokine (IL-2, IFN-gamma, lymphokine-activated killer cells). |
| 5209 | 15530685 | Significant increases in mRNA and protein production of T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (IL-2, IFNgamma), mRNA production of a cytotoxic-effector molecule (perforin), and lymphoproliferation response were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from dual-subtype FIV-vaccinated cats after in vitro stimulation with inactivated FIV. |
| 5210 | 15530685 | In contrast, no statistically significant increase in FIV-stimulated mRNA production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) or other cytotoxic-effector molecules (TNFalpha, FasL) was observed in the PBMC from dual-subtype vaccinated cats. |
| 5211 | 15530685 | Moreover, no FIV-specific increases in the IFNgamma, IL-2, and perforin mRNA productions and in the IFNgamma bioactivity and lymphoproliferation responses were observed in the PBMC from cell-immunized cats. |
| 5212 | 15530685 | These observations suggest that IFNgamma induction, lymphoproliferation, and significant portion of IL-2 and perforin productions in the PBMC from dual-subtype vaccinated cats are clearly specific for viral antigens. |
| 5213 | 15530685 | Overall, dual-subtype FIV vaccine elicited strong Th1 response (IFN(, IL-2), which may contribute to the vaccine protection by enhancing the perforin-mediated cytotoxic-cell activity against FIV. |
| 5214 | 15530685 | Significant increases in mRNA and protein production of T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (IL-2, IFNgamma), mRNA production of a cytotoxic-effector molecule (perforin), and lymphoproliferation response were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from dual-subtype FIV-vaccinated cats after in vitro stimulation with inactivated FIV. |
| 5215 | 15530685 | In contrast, no statistically significant increase in FIV-stimulated mRNA production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) or other cytotoxic-effector molecules (TNFalpha, FasL) was observed in the PBMC from dual-subtype vaccinated cats. |
| 5216 | 15530685 | Moreover, no FIV-specific increases in the IFNgamma, IL-2, and perforin mRNA productions and in the IFNgamma bioactivity and lymphoproliferation responses were observed in the PBMC from cell-immunized cats. |
| 5217 | 15530685 | These observations suggest that IFNgamma induction, lymphoproliferation, and significant portion of IL-2 and perforin productions in the PBMC from dual-subtype vaccinated cats are clearly specific for viral antigens. |
| 5218 | 15530685 | Overall, dual-subtype FIV vaccine elicited strong Th1 response (IFN(, IL-2), which may contribute to the vaccine protection by enhancing the perforin-mediated cytotoxic-cell activity against FIV. |
| 5219 | 15530685 | Significant increases in mRNA and protein production of T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (IL-2, IFNgamma), mRNA production of a cytotoxic-effector molecule (perforin), and lymphoproliferation response were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from dual-subtype FIV-vaccinated cats after in vitro stimulation with inactivated FIV. |
| 5220 | 15530685 | In contrast, no statistically significant increase in FIV-stimulated mRNA production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) or other cytotoxic-effector molecules (TNFalpha, FasL) was observed in the PBMC from dual-subtype vaccinated cats. |
| 5221 | 15530685 | Moreover, no FIV-specific increases in the IFNgamma, IL-2, and perforin mRNA productions and in the IFNgamma bioactivity and lymphoproliferation responses were observed in the PBMC from cell-immunized cats. |
| 5222 | 15530685 | These observations suggest that IFNgamma induction, lymphoproliferation, and significant portion of IL-2 and perforin productions in the PBMC from dual-subtype vaccinated cats are clearly specific for viral antigens. |
| 5223 | 15530685 | Overall, dual-subtype FIV vaccine elicited strong Th1 response (IFN(, IL-2), which may contribute to the vaccine protection by enhancing the perforin-mediated cytotoxic-cell activity against FIV. |
| 5224 | 15530685 | Significant increases in mRNA and protein production of T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (IL-2, IFNgamma), mRNA production of a cytotoxic-effector molecule (perforin), and lymphoproliferation response were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from dual-subtype FIV-vaccinated cats after in vitro stimulation with inactivated FIV. |
| 5225 | 15530685 | In contrast, no statistically significant increase in FIV-stimulated mRNA production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) or other cytotoxic-effector molecules (TNFalpha, FasL) was observed in the PBMC from dual-subtype vaccinated cats. |
| 5226 | 15530685 | Moreover, no FIV-specific increases in the IFNgamma, IL-2, and perforin mRNA productions and in the IFNgamma bioactivity and lymphoproliferation responses were observed in the PBMC from cell-immunized cats. |
| 5227 | 15530685 | These observations suggest that IFNgamma induction, lymphoproliferation, and significant portion of IL-2 and perforin productions in the PBMC from dual-subtype vaccinated cats are clearly specific for viral antigens. |
| 5228 | 15530685 | Overall, dual-subtype FIV vaccine elicited strong Th1 response (IFN(, IL-2), which may contribute to the vaccine protection by enhancing the perforin-mediated cytotoxic-cell activity against FIV. |
| 5229 | 15531037 | We examined the immune response of outbred domestic rabbits to the individual myxoma virus antigens M055R, M073R, M115L and M121R, delivered as DNA vaccines co-expressing rabbit interleukin-2 or interleukin-4. |
| 5230 | 15541469 | A phase-I clinical trial of active immunotherapy for acute leukemia using inactivated autologous leukemia cells mixed with IL-2, GM-CSF, and IL-6. |
| 5231 | 15542449 | Expression of an interleukin-6 - interleukin-2 fusion protein (pIL-6-IL-2) in P. pastoris. |
| 5232 | 15542449 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 can stimulate the growth and proliferation of T lymphocytes and the differentiation of activated B lymphocytes respectively, and in turn enhance cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 5233 | 15542449 | In this work, an expression clone using Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast strain, has been developed in order to produce large amounts of the functional recombinant fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2, which contains the mature porcine interleukin-6 peptide and the mature porcine interleukin-2 peptide. |
| 5234 | 15542449 | This was confirmed to be pIL-6-IL-2 by means of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis. |
| 5235 | 15542449 | After treatment with PNGase F and analysis of the concentration of sugar, the fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2 was further confirmed to be mainly a glycoprotein with an approximately 2 kDa sugar decoration. |
| 5236 | 15542449 | In addition, the IL-6 and IL-2 biological activities of the fusion protein, determined by cell proliferation assays using the IL6-dependent cell line B9 and the IL2-dependent cell line CTLL-2, reached 1 x 10(5) Umg and 8 x 10(5) Umg, respectively. |
| 5237 | 15542449 | Expression of an interleukin-6 - interleukin-2 fusion protein (pIL-6-IL-2) in P. pastoris. |
| 5238 | 15542449 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 can stimulate the growth and proliferation of T lymphocytes and the differentiation of activated B lymphocytes respectively, and in turn enhance cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 5239 | 15542449 | In this work, an expression clone using Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast strain, has been developed in order to produce large amounts of the functional recombinant fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2, which contains the mature porcine interleukin-6 peptide and the mature porcine interleukin-2 peptide. |
| 5240 | 15542449 | This was confirmed to be pIL-6-IL-2 by means of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis. |
| 5241 | 15542449 | After treatment with PNGase F and analysis of the concentration of sugar, the fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2 was further confirmed to be mainly a glycoprotein with an approximately 2 kDa sugar decoration. |
| 5242 | 15542449 | In addition, the IL-6 and IL-2 biological activities of the fusion protein, determined by cell proliferation assays using the IL6-dependent cell line B9 and the IL2-dependent cell line CTLL-2, reached 1 x 10(5) Umg and 8 x 10(5) Umg, respectively. |
| 5243 | 15542449 | Expression of an interleukin-6 - interleukin-2 fusion protein (pIL-6-IL-2) in P. pastoris. |
| 5244 | 15542449 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 can stimulate the growth and proliferation of T lymphocytes and the differentiation of activated B lymphocytes respectively, and in turn enhance cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 5245 | 15542449 | In this work, an expression clone using Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast strain, has been developed in order to produce large amounts of the functional recombinant fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2, which contains the mature porcine interleukin-6 peptide and the mature porcine interleukin-2 peptide. |
| 5246 | 15542449 | This was confirmed to be pIL-6-IL-2 by means of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis. |
| 5247 | 15542449 | After treatment with PNGase F and analysis of the concentration of sugar, the fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2 was further confirmed to be mainly a glycoprotein with an approximately 2 kDa sugar decoration. |
| 5248 | 15542449 | In addition, the IL-6 and IL-2 biological activities of the fusion protein, determined by cell proliferation assays using the IL6-dependent cell line B9 and the IL2-dependent cell line CTLL-2, reached 1 x 10(5) Umg and 8 x 10(5) Umg, respectively. |
| 5249 | 15542449 | Expression of an interleukin-6 - interleukin-2 fusion protein (pIL-6-IL-2) in P. pastoris. |
| 5250 | 15542449 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 can stimulate the growth and proliferation of T lymphocytes and the differentiation of activated B lymphocytes respectively, and in turn enhance cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 5251 | 15542449 | In this work, an expression clone using Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast strain, has been developed in order to produce large amounts of the functional recombinant fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2, which contains the mature porcine interleukin-6 peptide and the mature porcine interleukin-2 peptide. |
| 5252 | 15542449 | This was confirmed to be pIL-6-IL-2 by means of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis. |
| 5253 | 15542449 | After treatment with PNGase F and analysis of the concentration of sugar, the fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2 was further confirmed to be mainly a glycoprotein with an approximately 2 kDa sugar decoration. |
| 5254 | 15542449 | In addition, the IL-6 and IL-2 biological activities of the fusion protein, determined by cell proliferation assays using the IL6-dependent cell line B9 and the IL2-dependent cell line CTLL-2, reached 1 x 10(5) Umg and 8 x 10(5) Umg, respectively. |
| 5255 | 15542449 | Expression of an interleukin-6 - interleukin-2 fusion protein (pIL-6-IL-2) in P. pastoris. |
| 5256 | 15542449 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 can stimulate the growth and proliferation of T lymphocytes and the differentiation of activated B lymphocytes respectively, and in turn enhance cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 5257 | 15542449 | In this work, an expression clone using Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast strain, has been developed in order to produce large amounts of the functional recombinant fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2, which contains the mature porcine interleukin-6 peptide and the mature porcine interleukin-2 peptide. |
| 5258 | 15542449 | This was confirmed to be pIL-6-IL-2 by means of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis. |
| 5259 | 15542449 | After treatment with PNGase F and analysis of the concentration of sugar, the fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2 was further confirmed to be mainly a glycoprotein with an approximately 2 kDa sugar decoration. |
| 5260 | 15542449 | In addition, the IL-6 and IL-2 biological activities of the fusion protein, determined by cell proliferation assays using the IL6-dependent cell line B9 and the IL2-dependent cell line CTLL-2, reached 1 x 10(5) Umg and 8 x 10(5) Umg, respectively. |
| 5261 | 15542449 | Expression of an interleukin-6 - interleukin-2 fusion protein (pIL-6-IL-2) in P. pastoris. |
| 5262 | 15542449 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 can stimulate the growth and proliferation of T lymphocytes and the differentiation of activated B lymphocytes respectively, and in turn enhance cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 5263 | 15542449 | In this work, an expression clone using Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast strain, has been developed in order to produce large amounts of the functional recombinant fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2, which contains the mature porcine interleukin-6 peptide and the mature porcine interleukin-2 peptide. |
| 5264 | 15542449 | This was confirmed to be pIL-6-IL-2 by means of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis. |
| 5265 | 15542449 | After treatment with PNGase F and analysis of the concentration of sugar, the fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2 was further confirmed to be mainly a glycoprotein with an approximately 2 kDa sugar decoration. |
| 5266 | 15542449 | In addition, the IL-6 and IL-2 biological activities of the fusion protein, determined by cell proliferation assays using the IL6-dependent cell line B9 and the IL2-dependent cell line CTLL-2, reached 1 x 10(5) Umg and 8 x 10(5) Umg, respectively. |
| 5267 | 15543094 | The elevated levels of immunoglobulins, about 20% more muscle in the pulmonary arteries, increased airway smooth muscle cells, and increased fetal hemoglobin and erythropoietin are evidence of chronic hypoxia before death. |
| 5268 | 15543094 | These proinflammatory cytokines down-regulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 and/or other enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, thus affecting metabolism of several endogenous lipophilic substances, such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and exogenous substances. |
| 5269 | 15543094 | PEPCK deficit found in SIDS infants (caused also by vitamin A deficiency) and eventually enhanced by PACAP lipolysis of adipocyte triglycerides resulted in an increased FA level in blood because of their impaired reesterification to triacylglycerol in adipocytes. |
| 5270 | 15543094 | Pulmonary edema and petechial hemorrhages often present in SIDS victims may be the result of the vascular leak syndrome caused by IL-2 and IFN-alpha. |
| 5271 | 15543094 | Chronic hypoxia with the release of proinflammatory mediators IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, and overloading of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems due to the narrowing airways and small pulmonary arteries of these children could also contribute to the development of these abnormalities. |
| 5272 | 15543094 | Moreover, chronic hypoxia of SIDS infants induced also production of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha), which stimulated synthesis and release of different growth factors by vascular endothelial cells and intensified subclinical inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system, perhaps potentiated also by PACAP and VIP gene mutations. |
| 5273 | 15544517 | This article deals with the following matters: an outline of the host immune response to mycobacterial pathogens, particularly in terms of mobilization of the cytokine network in response to mycobacterial infection, and adjunctive immunotherapy using (1) recombinant immunomodulating cytokines, (especially Th-1 and Th-1-like cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12, IL-18 and GM-CSF), (2) inhibitors of immunosuppressive cytokines (TGF-beta) and some proinflammatory tissue-damaging cytokines (TNF-alpha), and (3) immunomodulatory agents such as ATP and its analogs, imidazoquinoline, diethyldithiocarbamate, poloxamer, dibenzopyran, galactosylceramide, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Chinese traditional medicines, levamisole, synthesized mycobacterial oligoDNA, DNA vaccine expressing mycobacterial HSP65 or IL-12, and heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae. |
| 5274 | 15549730 | Transcutaneous immunization also elicited potent cellular immune responses against Tat and the secretion of high levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-6. |
| 5275 | 15553719 | We tried to induce CTLs by co culture of effector and stimulator cells in the presence of IL-2, IL-7 and IL-12 for 4 weeks. |
| 5276 | 15557615 | A purified recombinant protein from Eimeria acervulina (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis both alone and in combination with expression plasmids encoding the interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 5277 | 15557615 | Simultaneous immunization with 3-1E and the IL-2, -15, -17, or -18 or IFN-gamma gene further reduced oocyst shedding compared with that achieved with 3-1E alone. |
| 5278 | 15557615 | A purified recombinant protein from Eimeria acervulina (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis both alone and in combination with expression plasmids encoding the interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 5279 | 15557615 | Simultaneous immunization with 3-1E and the IL-2, -15, -17, or -18 or IFN-gamma gene further reduced oocyst shedding compared with that achieved with 3-1E alone. |
| 5280 | 15557632 | The DeltafbpA mutant induced a stronger expression of pulmonary mRNA messages in mice for tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), gamma interferon, IL-6, IL-2, and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, which led to its decline, while H37Rv persisted despite strong immune responses. |
| 5281 | 15566356 | This study investigated the effects of the common gamma chain-binding cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15, on costimulatory properties of primary CLL cells from 51 patients. |
| 5282 | 15566356 | IL-2 improved the ability of CLL cells to stimulate T cell proliferation and increased the expression of costimulatory molecules (particularly CD80) in a dose-dependent fashion, especially in CLL cells with weak expression of CD38. |
| 5283 | 15566356 | CD80 and CD86 induction by IL-2 were positively regulated through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, while CD86 expression was negatively regulated through Janus kinase pathways. |
| 5284 | 15566356 | However, further activation with protein kinase C agonists was required for IL-2 activated CLL cells to stimulate autologous T cells sufficiently to clear bystander CLL cells from mixed lymphocyte responses. |
| 5285 | 15566356 | These results suggest a role for IL-2, or IL-15, in immunotherapeutic strategies for CLL. |
| 5286 | 15566356 | This study investigated the effects of the common gamma chain-binding cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15, on costimulatory properties of primary CLL cells from 51 patients. |
| 5287 | 15566356 | IL-2 improved the ability of CLL cells to stimulate T cell proliferation and increased the expression of costimulatory molecules (particularly CD80) in a dose-dependent fashion, especially in CLL cells with weak expression of CD38. |
| 5288 | 15566356 | CD80 and CD86 induction by IL-2 were positively regulated through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, while CD86 expression was negatively regulated through Janus kinase pathways. |
| 5289 | 15566356 | However, further activation with protein kinase C agonists was required for IL-2 activated CLL cells to stimulate autologous T cells sufficiently to clear bystander CLL cells from mixed lymphocyte responses. |
| 5290 | 15566356 | These results suggest a role for IL-2, or IL-15, in immunotherapeutic strategies for CLL. |
| 5291 | 15566356 | This study investigated the effects of the common gamma chain-binding cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15, on costimulatory properties of primary CLL cells from 51 patients. |
| 5292 | 15566356 | IL-2 improved the ability of CLL cells to stimulate T cell proliferation and increased the expression of costimulatory molecules (particularly CD80) in a dose-dependent fashion, especially in CLL cells with weak expression of CD38. |
| 5293 | 15566356 | CD80 and CD86 induction by IL-2 were positively regulated through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, while CD86 expression was negatively regulated through Janus kinase pathways. |
| 5294 | 15566356 | However, further activation with protein kinase C agonists was required for IL-2 activated CLL cells to stimulate autologous T cells sufficiently to clear bystander CLL cells from mixed lymphocyte responses. |
| 5295 | 15566356 | These results suggest a role for IL-2, or IL-15, in immunotherapeutic strategies for CLL. |
| 5296 | 15566356 | This study investigated the effects of the common gamma chain-binding cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15, on costimulatory properties of primary CLL cells from 51 patients. |
| 5297 | 15566356 | IL-2 improved the ability of CLL cells to stimulate T cell proliferation and increased the expression of costimulatory molecules (particularly CD80) in a dose-dependent fashion, especially in CLL cells with weak expression of CD38. |
| 5298 | 15566356 | CD80 and CD86 induction by IL-2 were positively regulated through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, while CD86 expression was negatively regulated through Janus kinase pathways. |
| 5299 | 15566356 | However, further activation with protein kinase C agonists was required for IL-2 activated CLL cells to stimulate autologous T cells sufficiently to clear bystander CLL cells from mixed lymphocyte responses. |
| 5300 | 15566356 | These results suggest a role for IL-2, or IL-15, in immunotherapeutic strategies for CLL. |
| 5301 | 15566356 | This study investigated the effects of the common gamma chain-binding cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15, on costimulatory properties of primary CLL cells from 51 patients. |
| 5302 | 15566356 | IL-2 improved the ability of CLL cells to stimulate T cell proliferation and increased the expression of costimulatory molecules (particularly CD80) in a dose-dependent fashion, especially in CLL cells with weak expression of CD38. |
| 5303 | 15566356 | CD80 and CD86 induction by IL-2 were positively regulated through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, while CD86 expression was negatively regulated through Janus kinase pathways. |
| 5304 | 15566356 | However, further activation with protein kinase C agonists was required for IL-2 activated CLL cells to stimulate autologous T cells sufficiently to clear bystander CLL cells from mixed lymphocyte responses. |
| 5305 | 15566356 | These results suggest a role for IL-2, or IL-15, in immunotherapeutic strategies for CLL. |
| 5306 | 15568033 | The suppression of viral load was positively correlated with HIV-1-specific interleukin-2 or interferon-gamma-expressing CD4(+) T cells and with HIV-1 gag-specific perforin-expressing CD8(+) effector cells, suggesting that a robust virus-specific CD4(+) T-helper type 1 (T(H)1) response is required for inducing and maintaining virus-specific CD8(+) effectors to contain HIV-1 in vivo. |
| 5307 | 15568619 | Spleen cells of immunosuppressed HBV-Tg expressed very little mRNAs for interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma. |
| 5308 | 15577655 | Tetanus vaccination with IL-2 during highly active antiretroviral therapy induces sustained and pronounced specific CD4 T-cell responses. |
| 5309 | 15577655 | IL-2 increases CD4 T-cell numbers and function. |
| 5310 | 15577655 | Tetanus vaccination with IL-2 during highly active antiretroviral therapy induces sustained and pronounced specific CD4 T-cell responses. |
| 5311 | 15577655 | IL-2 increases CD4 T-cell numbers and function. |
| 5312 | 15582659 | The major immunoglobulin G subclass recognizing N protein was immunoglobulin G2a, and stimulated splenocytes secreted high levels of gamma interferon and IL-2 in response to N protein. |
| 5313 | 15585413 | IL-2/B7.1 (CD80) fusagene transduction of AML blasts by a self-inactivating lentiviral vector stimulates T cell responses in vitro: a strategy to generate whole cell vaccines for AML. |
| 5314 | 15585413 | Specifically, syngeneic tumor cells genetically modified to express B7.1 (CD80) have been shown to induce rejection of previously established murine solid tumors, and transduction with IL-2 can further increase survival. |
| 5315 | 15585413 | IL-2/B7.1 (CD80) fusagene transduction of AML blasts by a self-inactivating lentiviral vector stimulates T cell responses in vitro: a strategy to generate whole cell vaccines for AML. |
| 5316 | 15585413 | Specifically, syngeneic tumor cells genetically modified to express B7.1 (CD80) have been shown to induce rejection of previously established murine solid tumors, and transduction with IL-2 can further increase survival. |
| 5317 | 15585831 | Cutting edge: CD28-mediated transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of IL-2 expression are controlled through different signaling pathways. |
| 5318 | 15585831 | PI3K was identified early as a candidate for CD28 signaling, but conflicting data during the past decade has left the role of PI3K unresolved. |
| 5319 | 15585831 | We show that mutation of the PI3K interaction site in the cytosolic tail of CD28 site disrupts the ability of CD28 to recruit protein kinase C-theta; to the central supramolecular activation cluster (c-SMAC) region of the immunological synapse, promote NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, and enhance IL-2 gene transcription. |
| 5320 | 15585831 | In contrast, mutation of the PI3K interaction site had no effect on the ability of CD28 to enhance IL-2 mRNA stability. |
| 5321 | 15585831 | These results suggest that two distinct pathways mediate CD28-induced up-regulation of IL-2 expression, a PI3K-dependent pathway that may function through the immunological synapse to enhance IL-2 transcription and a PI3K-independent pathway that induces IL-2 mRNA stability. |
| 5322 | 15585831 | Cutting edge: CD28-mediated transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of IL-2 expression are controlled through different signaling pathways. |
| 5323 | 15585831 | PI3K was identified early as a candidate for CD28 signaling, but conflicting data during the past decade has left the role of PI3K unresolved. |
| 5324 | 15585831 | We show that mutation of the PI3K interaction site in the cytosolic tail of CD28 site disrupts the ability of CD28 to recruit protein kinase C-theta; to the central supramolecular activation cluster (c-SMAC) region of the immunological synapse, promote NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, and enhance IL-2 gene transcription. |
| 5325 | 15585831 | In contrast, mutation of the PI3K interaction site had no effect on the ability of CD28 to enhance IL-2 mRNA stability. |
| 5326 | 15585831 | These results suggest that two distinct pathways mediate CD28-induced up-regulation of IL-2 expression, a PI3K-dependent pathway that may function through the immunological synapse to enhance IL-2 transcription and a PI3K-independent pathway that induces IL-2 mRNA stability. |
| 5327 | 15585831 | Cutting edge: CD28-mediated transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of IL-2 expression are controlled through different signaling pathways. |
| 5328 | 15585831 | PI3K was identified early as a candidate for CD28 signaling, but conflicting data during the past decade has left the role of PI3K unresolved. |
| 5329 | 15585831 | We show that mutation of the PI3K interaction site in the cytosolic tail of CD28 site disrupts the ability of CD28 to recruit protein kinase C-theta; to the central supramolecular activation cluster (c-SMAC) region of the immunological synapse, promote NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, and enhance IL-2 gene transcription. |
| 5330 | 15585831 | In contrast, mutation of the PI3K interaction site had no effect on the ability of CD28 to enhance IL-2 mRNA stability. |
| 5331 | 15585831 | These results suggest that two distinct pathways mediate CD28-induced up-regulation of IL-2 expression, a PI3K-dependent pathway that may function through the immunological synapse to enhance IL-2 transcription and a PI3K-independent pathway that induces IL-2 mRNA stability. |
| 5332 | 15585831 | Cutting edge: CD28-mediated transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of IL-2 expression are controlled through different signaling pathways. |
| 5333 | 15585831 | PI3K was identified early as a candidate for CD28 signaling, but conflicting data during the past decade has left the role of PI3K unresolved. |
| 5334 | 15585831 | We show that mutation of the PI3K interaction site in the cytosolic tail of CD28 site disrupts the ability of CD28 to recruit protein kinase C-theta; to the central supramolecular activation cluster (c-SMAC) region of the immunological synapse, promote NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, and enhance IL-2 gene transcription. |
| 5335 | 15585831 | In contrast, mutation of the PI3K interaction site had no effect on the ability of CD28 to enhance IL-2 mRNA stability. |
| 5336 | 15585831 | These results suggest that two distinct pathways mediate CD28-induced up-regulation of IL-2 expression, a PI3K-dependent pathway that may function through the immunological synapse to enhance IL-2 transcription and a PI3K-independent pathway that induces IL-2 mRNA stability. |
| 5337 | 15585842 | To test whether tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells specifically home to tumor, we assessed the trafficking of gp100-specific pmel-1 cells to large, vascularized tumors that express or do not express the target Ag. |
| 5338 | 15585842 | Activation of tumor-specific CD8(+) pmel-1 T cells with IL-2 and vaccination with an altered peptide ligand caused regression of gp100-positive tumors (B16), but not gp100-negative tumors (methylcholanthrene 205), implanted on opposing flanks of the same mouse. |
| 5339 | 15585842 | Most importantly, evidence for T cell function, as measured by production of IFN-gamma, release of perforin, and activation of caspase-3 in target cells, was confined to Ag-expressing tumor. |
| 5340 | 15603887 | Moreover, OM delivery of peptides-CpG2007 induced local IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses and low IL-4 production, demonstrating the polarization towards a Th1 response. |
| 5341 | 15604233 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 fusion cDNA for cancer gene immunotherapy. |
| 5342 | 15604233 | Genetic engineering of tumor cells to express both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-2 can induce synergistic immune antitumor effects. |
| 5343 | 15604233 | We hypothesized that a GM-CSF and IL-2 fusion transgene (GIFT) could circumvent such limitations yet preserve synergistic features. |
| 5344 | 15604233 | We designed a fusion cDNA of murine GM-CSF and IL-2. |
| 5345 | 15604233 | In mice with established melanoma, B16GIFT therapeutic cellular vaccine significantly improved tumor-free survival when compared with B16 expressing both IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 5346 | 15604233 | We show that GIFT induced a significantly greater tumor site recruitment of macrophages than combined GM-CSF and IL-2 and that macrophage recruitment arises from novel chemotactic feature of GIFT. |
| 5347 | 15604233 | In contrast to suppression by GM-CSF of natural killer (NK) cell recruitment despite coexpression of IL-2, GIFT leads to significant functional NK cell infiltration as confirmed in NK-defective beige mice. |
| 5348 | 15604233 | In conclusion, we demonstrated that a fusion between GM-CSF and IL-2 can invoke greater antitumor effect than both cytokines in combination, and novel immunobiological properties can arise from such chimeric constructs. |
| 5349 | 15604233 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 fusion cDNA for cancer gene immunotherapy. |
| 5350 | 15604233 | Genetic engineering of tumor cells to express both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-2 can induce synergistic immune antitumor effects. |
| 5351 | 15604233 | We hypothesized that a GM-CSF and IL-2 fusion transgene (GIFT) could circumvent such limitations yet preserve synergistic features. |
| 5352 | 15604233 | We designed a fusion cDNA of murine GM-CSF and IL-2. |
| 5353 | 15604233 | In mice with established melanoma, B16GIFT therapeutic cellular vaccine significantly improved tumor-free survival when compared with B16 expressing both IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 5354 | 15604233 | We show that GIFT induced a significantly greater tumor site recruitment of macrophages than combined GM-CSF and IL-2 and that macrophage recruitment arises from novel chemotactic feature of GIFT. |
| 5355 | 15604233 | In contrast to suppression by GM-CSF of natural killer (NK) cell recruitment despite coexpression of IL-2, GIFT leads to significant functional NK cell infiltration as confirmed in NK-defective beige mice. |
| 5356 | 15604233 | In conclusion, we demonstrated that a fusion between GM-CSF and IL-2 can invoke greater antitumor effect than both cytokines in combination, and novel immunobiological properties can arise from such chimeric constructs. |
| 5357 | 15604233 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 fusion cDNA for cancer gene immunotherapy. |
| 5358 | 15604233 | Genetic engineering of tumor cells to express both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-2 can induce synergistic immune antitumor effects. |
| 5359 | 15604233 | We hypothesized that a GM-CSF and IL-2 fusion transgene (GIFT) could circumvent such limitations yet preserve synergistic features. |
| 5360 | 15604233 | We designed a fusion cDNA of murine GM-CSF and IL-2. |
| 5361 | 15604233 | In mice with established melanoma, B16GIFT therapeutic cellular vaccine significantly improved tumor-free survival when compared with B16 expressing both IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 5362 | 15604233 | We show that GIFT induced a significantly greater tumor site recruitment of macrophages than combined GM-CSF and IL-2 and that macrophage recruitment arises from novel chemotactic feature of GIFT. |
| 5363 | 15604233 | In contrast to suppression by GM-CSF of natural killer (NK) cell recruitment despite coexpression of IL-2, GIFT leads to significant functional NK cell infiltration as confirmed in NK-defective beige mice. |
| 5364 | 15604233 | In conclusion, we demonstrated that a fusion between GM-CSF and IL-2 can invoke greater antitumor effect than both cytokines in combination, and novel immunobiological properties can arise from such chimeric constructs. |
| 5365 | 15604233 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 fusion cDNA for cancer gene immunotherapy. |
| 5366 | 15604233 | Genetic engineering of tumor cells to express both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-2 can induce synergistic immune antitumor effects. |
| 5367 | 15604233 | We hypothesized that a GM-CSF and IL-2 fusion transgene (GIFT) could circumvent such limitations yet preserve synergistic features. |
| 5368 | 15604233 | We designed a fusion cDNA of murine GM-CSF and IL-2. |
| 5369 | 15604233 | In mice with established melanoma, B16GIFT therapeutic cellular vaccine significantly improved tumor-free survival when compared with B16 expressing both IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 5370 | 15604233 | We show that GIFT induced a significantly greater tumor site recruitment of macrophages than combined GM-CSF and IL-2 and that macrophage recruitment arises from novel chemotactic feature of GIFT. |
| 5371 | 15604233 | In contrast to suppression by GM-CSF of natural killer (NK) cell recruitment despite coexpression of IL-2, GIFT leads to significant functional NK cell infiltration as confirmed in NK-defective beige mice. |
| 5372 | 15604233 | In conclusion, we demonstrated that a fusion between GM-CSF and IL-2 can invoke greater antitumor effect than both cytokines in combination, and novel immunobiological properties can arise from such chimeric constructs. |
| 5373 | 15604233 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 fusion cDNA for cancer gene immunotherapy. |
| 5374 | 15604233 | Genetic engineering of tumor cells to express both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-2 can induce synergistic immune antitumor effects. |
| 5375 | 15604233 | We hypothesized that a GM-CSF and IL-2 fusion transgene (GIFT) could circumvent such limitations yet preserve synergistic features. |
| 5376 | 15604233 | We designed a fusion cDNA of murine GM-CSF and IL-2. |
| 5377 | 15604233 | In mice with established melanoma, B16GIFT therapeutic cellular vaccine significantly improved tumor-free survival when compared with B16 expressing both IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 5378 | 15604233 | We show that GIFT induced a significantly greater tumor site recruitment of macrophages than combined GM-CSF and IL-2 and that macrophage recruitment arises from novel chemotactic feature of GIFT. |
| 5379 | 15604233 | In contrast to suppression by GM-CSF of natural killer (NK) cell recruitment despite coexpression of IL-2, GIFT leads to significant functional NK cell infiltration as confirmed in NK-defective beige mice. |
| 5380 | 15604233 | In conclusion, we demonstrated that a fusion between GM-CSF and IL-2 can invoke greater antitumor effect than both cytokines in combination, and novel immunobiological properties can arise from such chimeric constructs. |
| 5381 | 15604233 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 fusion cDNA for cancer gene immunotherapy. |
| 5382 | 15604233 | Genetic engineering of tumor cells to express both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-2 can induce synergistic immune antitumor effects. |
| 5383 | 15604233 | We hypothesized that a GM-CSF and IL-2 fusion transgene (GIFT) could circumvent such limitations yet preserve synergistic features. |
| 5384 | 15604233 | We designed a fusion cDNA of murine GM-CSF and IL-2. |
| 5385 | 15604233 | In mice with established melanoma, B16GIFT therapeutic cellular vaccine significantly improved tumor-free survival when compared with B16 expressing both IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 5386 | 15604233 | We show that GIFT induced a significantly greater tumor site recruitment of macrophages than combined GM-CSF and IL-2 and that macrophage recruitment arises from novel chemotactic feature of GIFT. |
| 5387 | 15604233 | In contrast to suppression by GM-CSF of natural killer (NK) cell recruitment despite coexpression of IL-2, GIFT leads to significant functional NK cell infiltration as confirmed in NK-defective beige mice. |
| 5388 | 15604233 | In conclusion, we demonstrated that a fusion between GM-CSF and IL-2 can invoke greater antitumor effect than both cytokines in combination, and novel immunobiological properties can arise from such chimeric constructs. |
| 5389 | 15604233 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 fusion cDNA for cancer gene immunotherapy. |
| 5390 | 15604233 | Genetic engineering of tumor cells to express both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-2 can induce synergistic immune antitumor effects. |
| 5391 | 15604233 | We hypothesized that a GM-CSF and IL-2 fusion transgene (GIFT) could circumvent such limitations yet preserve synergistic features. |
| 5392 | 15604233 | We designed a fusion cDNA of murine GM-CSF and IL-2. |
| 5393 | 15604233 | In mice with established melanoma, B16GIFT therapeutic cellular vaccine significantly improved tumor-free survival when compared with B16 expressing both IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 5394 | 15604233 | We show that GIFT induced a significantly greater tumor site recruitment of macrophages than combined GM-CSF and IL-2 and that macrophage recruitment arises from novel chemotactic feature of GIFT. |
| 5395 | 15604233 | In contrast to suppression by GM-CSF of natural killer (NK) cell recruitment despite coexpression of IL-2, GIFT leads to significant functional NK cell infiltration as confirmed in NK-defective beige mice. |
| 5396 | 15604233 | In conclusion, we demonstrated that a fusion between GM-CSF and IL-2 can invoke greater antitumor effect than both cytokines in combination, and novel immunobiological properties can arise from such chimeric constructs. |
| 5397 | 15604233 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 fusion cDNA for cancer gene immunotherapy. |
| 5398 | 15604233 | Genetic engineering of tumor cells to express both granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-2 can induce synergistic immune antitumor effects. |
| 5399 | 15604233 | We hypothesized that a GM-CSF and IL-2 fusion transgene (GIFT) could circumvent such limitations yet preserve synergistic features. |
| 5400 | 15604233 | We designed a fusion cDNA of murine GM-CSF and IL-2. |
| 5401 | 15604233 | In mice with established melanoma, B16GIFT therapeutic cellular vaccine significantly improved tumor-free survival when compared with B16 expressing both IL-2 and GM-CSF. |
| 5402 | 15604233 | We show that GIFT induced a significantly greater tumor site recruitment of macrophages than combined GM-CSF and IL-2 and that macrophage recruitment arises from novel chemotactic feature of GIFT. |
| 5403 | 15604233 | In contrast to suppression by GM-CSF of natural killer (NK) cell recruitment despite coexpression of IL-2, GIFT leads to significant functional NK cell infiltration as confirmed in NK-defective beige mice. |
| 5404 | 15604233 | In conclusion, we demonstrated that a fusion between GM-CSF and IL-2 can invoke greater antitumor effect than both cytokines in combination, and novel immunobiological properties can arise from such chimeric constructs. |
| 5405 | 15604282 | Lymph nodes draining a progressively growing murine melanoma tumor transduced to secrete granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor were harvested and activated in vitro with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody followed by expansion in IL-2 for a total of 5 days in culture. |
| 5406 | 15604282 | This was accompanied by decreased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine, IFN-gamma, and increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. |
| 5407 | 15606336 | In the adjuvant setting, cytokine monotherapy (interferon [IFN]-alpha or interleukin [IL]-2) is not effective in improving progression-free or overall survival. |
| 5408 | 15606336 | In metastatic kidney cancer patients with the tumor-bearing kidney in situ, a combination of radical nephrectomy plus IFN-alpha is more effective than IFN-alpha alone. |
| 5409 | 15606336 | In metastatic kidney cancer without the option of operative removal of the primary tumor and/or metastases, cytokines such as IFN-alpha, IL-2 and IL-12 and their combinations result in response rates of 10-30%, but the 5-year overall survival is less than 10%. |
| 5410 | 15606336 | In the adjuvant setting, cytokine monotherapy (interferon [IFN]-alpha or interleukin [IL]-2) is not effective in improving progression-free or overall survival. |
| 5411 | 15606336 | In metastatic kidney cancer patients with the tumor-bearing kidney in situ, a combination of radical nephrectomy plus IFN-alpha is more effective than IFN-alpha alone. |
| 5412 | 15606336 | In metastatic kidney cancer without the option of operative removal of the primary tumor and/or metastases, cytokines such as IFN-alpha, IL-2 and IL-12 and their combinations result in response rates of 10-30%, but the 5-year overall survival is less than 10%. |
| 5413 | 15607548 | SRL172, non-specific immunological adjuvant downregulates interleukin-4, upregulates interleukin-2 production, switching towards a T-helper-1 response, induces an increase in natural killer cells and activates antigen presenting cells. |
| 5414 | 15607548 | Pivotal study showed that Trastuzumab+IL-2 resulted in NK cell expansion with enhanced in vitro targeted killing of HER-2-expressing cells. |
| 5415 | 15607548 | SRL172, non-specific immunological adjuvant downregulates interleukin-4, upregulates interleukin-2 production, switching towards a T-helper-1 response, induces an increase in natural killer cells and activates antigen presenting cells. |
| 5416 | 15607548 | Pivotal study showed that Trastuzumab+IL-2 resulted in NK cell expansion with enhanced in vitro targeted killing of HER-2-expressing cells. |
| 5417 | 15607810 | DC1 induction depends on NK cell-produced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, with a possible involvement of additional factors. |
| 5418 | 15607810 | While NKG2D-dependent tumor cell recognition is sufficient to induce the cytotoxic "effector" function of NK cells, the induction of "NK cell help" requires additional signals from type-1 IFNs, products of virally-infected cells, or from IL-2. |
| 5419 | 15620477 | Virus-induced Th1-like cytokine protein and mRNA (IFNgamma and IL-2) were identified, particularly IFNgamma. |
| 5420 | 15620477 | Th2-like cytokine protein and mRNA (IL-4 and IL-6) were also induced in an FMDV-specific manner. |
| 5421 | 15625761 | [The anti-leukemia effects of IL-2 and IL-3 genes co-transfected leukemia vaccine]. |
| 5422 | 15626469 | A panel of three CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and three eukaryotic expression vectors currently used in experimental DNA vaccines in pigs (pcDNA1, pcDNA3.1 and pCI) were screened for their immunostimulatory activity on porcine PBMC by evaluating in vitro the lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine profiles (IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha). |
| 5423 | 15626469 | Furthermore, CpG-ODN A significantly induced IL-6 and TNF-alpha together with elevated levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression even though considerable heterogeneity was observed in the response of individual pigs. |
| 5424 | 15626469 | For pcDNA1, proliferation was absent together with significantly decreased levels of IL-6 and IFN-gamma. |
| 5425 | 15626469 | A panel of three CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and three eukaryotic expression vectors currently used in experimental DNA vaccines in pigs (pcDNA1, pcDNA3.1 and pCI) were screened for their immunostimulatory activity on porcine PBMC by evaluating in vitro the lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine profiles (IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha). |
| 5426 | 15626469 | Furthermore, CpG-ODN A significantly induced IL-6 and TNF-alpha together with elevated levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression even though considerable heterogeneity was observed in the response of individual pigs. |
| 5427 | 15626469 | For pcDNA1, proliferation was absent together with significantly decreased levels of IL-6 and IFN-gamma. |
| 5428 | 15634928 | A dominant single IL-2 CD4 T cell response was associated with the model in which the Ag can be cleared. |
| 5429 | 15634928 | Polyfunctional (single IL-2 plus IL-2/IFN-gamma plus single IFN-gamma) CD4 T cell responses were associated with Ag persistence and low Ag levels. |
| 5430 | 15634928 | A dominant single IFN-gamma CD4 T cell response was associated with the model of Ag persistence and high Ag levels. |
| 5431 | 15634928 | A dominant single IL-2 CD4 T cell response was associated with the model in which the Ag can be cleared. |
| 5432 | 15634928 | Polyfunctional (single IL-2 plus IL-2/IFN-gamma plus single IFN-gamma) CD4 T cell responses were associated with Ag persistence and low Ag levels. |
| 5433 | 15634928 | A dominant single IFN-gamma CD4 T cell response was associated with the model of Ag persistence and high Ag levels. |
| 5434 | 15643517 | Combined immunization with DNA and transduced tumor cells expressing mouse GM-CSF or IL-2. |
| 5435 | 15643517 | As cellular vaccines, HPV16 E6/E7 and H-ras transformed B9 or 181 cells transduced with the gene coding for GM-CSF or IL-2, respectively, were applied. |
| 5436 | 15643517 | Combined immunization with DNA and transduced tumor cells expressing mouse GM-CSF or IL-2. |
| 5437 | 15643517 | As cellular vaccines, HPV16 E6/E7 and H-ras transformed B9 or 181 cells transduced with the gene coding for GM-CSF or IL-2, respectively, were applied. |
| 5438 | 15648954 | Transgene is developing TG-4010, a second-generation modified vaccinia virus Ankara encoding MUC1 and interleukin-2 for the potential treatment of a variety of cancer types. |
| 5439 | 15653438 | Using one CpG-ODN, DSP30, we observed that it could upregulate not only Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) mRNA expression in activated B-cells, but also the early expression of CD69 followed by the sequential expression of CD80, CD86 and the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway. |
| 5440 | 15653438 | Furthermore, mRNA expression of certain B-cell-derived cytokines was influenced by exposure to DSP30, with a strong upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and downregulation of IL1-beta. |
| 5441 | 15653438 | Stimulation of B-cells, co-stimulated with IL-2, IL-10 and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) with different CpG-ODNs, had differing effects on the terminal differentiation in vitro of B-cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. |
| 5442 | 15654965 | TT-coupled mimotopes induced T helper (Th)1 (interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) cytokines, whereas uncoupled mimotopes induced a Th1-biased T cell response. |
| 5443 | 15661389 | All immunized macaques but one gave a good cross-reactive antibody response to Tat but the proliferative response and levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha secretion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) recalled ex vivo with active Tat protein were weak. |
| 5444 | 15670880 | In this initial study, we have used Sm-p80 plus the Th1 response promoting cytokine, interleukin-2 (IL-2), in a DNA immunogen formulation. |
| 5445 | 15688403 | We have comparatively evaluated the proliferative response of CTL induced in metastatic melanoma patients upon immunization against Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tumor associated antigen (TAA) to IL-2, IL-7 or IL-15 cytokines, sharing a receptor common gamma-chain (c gamma-c cytokines). |
| 5446 | 15688403 | All clones were able to kill tumor cell lines expressing HLA-A0201 and Melan-A/MART-1, and displayed phenotypic characteristics of effector/memory (CD45RA-/CCR7-) or CD45RA+/CCR7- effector cells in intermediate to late developmental stage (CD28-/CD276+/-) CTL. |
| 5447 | 15688403 | Proliferative responses could be elicited or enhanced by IL-2 and IL-15, but not IL-7, in the absence or in the presence of T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering, respectively. |
| 5448 | 15688403 | Accordingly, only IL-2 and IL-15 were able to promote the survival of the CTL clones under investigation. |
| 5449 | 15688403 | CD8+ cells from one of the patients treated were obtained 6 months after the last vaccine boost and were cultured in the presence of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) and each of the 3 cytokines under investigation. |
| 5450 | 15688403 | Consistent with data from CTL clones, expansion of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tetramer positive cells was only observed in the presence of IL-2 or IL-15 but not IL-7. |
| 5451 | 15688403 | Instead, when CD8+ cells from the same patient were sampled shortly (14 days) after an additional vaccination only IL-2 was able to promote the expansion of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tetramer positive cells. |
| 5452 | 15688403 | We have comparatively evaluated the proliferative response of CTL induced in metastatic melanoma patients upon immunization against Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tumor associated antigen (TAA) to IL-2, IL-7 or IL-15 cytokines, sharing a receptor common gamma-chain (c gamma-c cytokines). |
| 5453 | 15688403 | All clones were able to kill tumor cell lines expressing HLA-A0201 and Melan-A/MART-1, and displayed phenotypic characteristics of effector/memory (CD45RA-/CCR7-) or CD45RA+/CCR7- effector cells in intermediate to late developmental stage (CD28-/CD276+/-) CTL. |
| 5454 | 15688403 | Proliferative responses could be elicited or enhanced by IL-2 and IL-15, but not IL-7, in the absence or in the presence of T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering, respectively. |
| 5455 | 15688403 | Accordingly, only IL-2 and IL-15 were able to promote the survival of the CTL clones under investigation. |
| 5456 | 15688403 | CD8+ cells from one of the patients treated were obtained 6 months after the last vaccine boost and were cultured in the presence of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) and each of the 3 cytokines under investigation. |
| 5457 | 15688403 | Consistent with data from CTL clones, expansion of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tetramer positive cells was only observed in the presence of IL-2 or IL-15 but not IL-7. |
| 5458 | 15688403 | Instead, when CD8+ cells from the same patient were sampled shortly (14 days) after an additional vaccination only IL-2 was able to promote the expansion of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tetramer positive cells. |
| 5459 | 15688403 | We have comparatively evaluated the proliferative response of CTL induced in metastatic melanoma patients upon immunization against Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tumor associated antigen (TAA) to IL-2, IL-7 or IL-15 cytokines, sharing a receptor common gamma-chain (c gamma-c cytokines). |
| 5460 | 15688403 | All clones were able to kill tumor cell lines expressing HLA-A0201 and Melan-A/MART-1, and displayed phenotypic characteristics of effector/memory (CD45RA-/CCR7-) or CD45RA+/CCR7- effector cells in intermediate to late developmental stage (CD28-/CD276+/-) CTL. |
| 5461 | 15688403 | Proliferative responses could be elicited or enhanced by IL-2 and IL-15, but not IL-7, in the absence or in the presence of T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering, respectively. |
| 5462 | 15688403 | Accordingly, only IL-2 and IL-15 were able to promote the survival of the CTL clones under investigation. |
| 5463 | 15688403 | CD8+ cells from one of the patients treated were obtained 6 months after the last vaccine boost and were cultured in the presence of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) and each of the 3 cytokines under investigation. |
| 5464 | 15688403 | Consistent with data from CTL clones, expansion of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tetramer positive cells was only observed in the presence of IL-2 or IL-15 but not IL-7. |
| 5465 | 15688403 | Instead, when CD8+ cells from the same patient were sampled shortly (14 days) after an additional vaccination only IL-2 was able to promote the expansion of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tetramer positive cells. |
| 5466 | 15688403 | We have comparatively evaluated the proliferative response of CTL induced in metastatic melanoma patients upon immunization against Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tumor associated antigen (TAA) to IL-2, IL-7 or IL-15 cytokines, sharing a receptor common gamma-chain (c gamma-c cytokines). |
| 5467 | 15688403 | All clones were able to kill tumor cell lines expressing HLA-A0201 and Melan-A/MART-1, and displayed phenotypic characteristics of effector/memory (CD45RA-/CCR7-) or CD45RA+/CCR7- effector cells in intermediate to late developmental stage (CD28-/CD276+/-) CTL. |
| 5468 | 15688403 | Proliferative responses could be elicited or enhanced by IL-2 and IL-15, but not IL-7, in the absence or in the presence of T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering, respectively. |
| 5469 | 15688403 | Accordingly, only IL-2 and IL-15 were able to promote the survival of the CTL clones under investigation. |
| 5470 | 15688403 | CD8+ cells from one of the patients treated were obtained 6 months after the last vaccine boost and were cultured in the presence of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) and each of the 3 cytokines under investigation. |
| 5471 | 15688403 | Consistent with data from CTL clones, expansion of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tetramer positive cells was only observed in the presence of IL-2 or IL-15 but not IL-7. |
| 5472 | 15688403 | Instead, when CD8+ cells from the same patient were sampled shortly (14 days) after an additional vaccination only IL-2 was able to promote the expansion of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tetramer positive cells. |
| 5473 | 15688403 | We have comparatively evaluated the proliferative response of CTL induced in metastatic melanoma patients upon immunization against Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tumor associated antigen (TAA) to IL-2, IL-7 or IL-15 cytokines, sharing a receptor common gamma-chain (c gamma-c cytokines). |
| 5474 | 15688403 | All clones were able to kill tumor cell lines expressing HLA-A0201 and Melan-A/MART-1, and displayed phenotypic characteristics of effector/memory (CD45RA-/CCR7-) or CD45RA+/CCR7- effector cells in intermediate to late developmental stage (CD28-/CD276+/-) CTL. |
| 5475 | 15688403 | Proliferative responses could be elicited or enhanced by IL-2 and IL-15, but not IL-7, in the absence or in the presence of T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering, respectively. |
| 5476 | 15688403 | Accordingly, only IL-2 and IL-15 were able to promote the survival of the CTL clones under investigation. |
| 5477 | 15688403 | CD8+ cells from one of the patients treated were obtained 6 months after the last vaccine boost and were cultured in the presence of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) and each of the 3 cytokines under investigation. |
| 5478 | 15688403 | Consistent with data from CTL clones, expansion of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tetramer positive cells was only observed in the presence of IL-2 or IL-15 but not IL-7. |
| 5479 | 15688403 | Instead, when CD8+ cells from the same patient were sampled shortly (14 days) after an additional vaccination only IL-2 was able to promote the expansion of Melan-A/MART-1(27-35) tetramer positive cells. |
| 5480 | 15699118 | Contrasting effects of low-dose IL-2 on vaccine-boosted simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. |
| 5481 | 15699118 | In this study, we investigated how continuous low-dose IL-2 affected the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response induced by two inoculations of a canarypox recombinant SIV-based vaccine candidate in healthy macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. |
| 5482 | 15699118 | Vaccination in the presence of IL-2 significantly augmented Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses, but actually reduced Gag-specific CD4+ T cell responses. |
| 5483 | 15699118 | Although IL-2 at low doses did not change the overall concentration of circulating CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, it expanded the frequency of CD4+CD25+ T cells. |
| 5484 | 15699118 | Depletion of the CD4+CD25+ T cells in vitro, however, did not result in a reconstitution of Gag-specific CD4+ responses or augmentation of SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 5485 | 15699118 | Thus, we conclude that the decrease in virus-specific CD4+ T cell response may be due to IL-2-promoted redistribution of cells from the circulation, or due to Ag-induced cell death, rather than suppression by a T regulatory population. |
| 5486 | 15699118 | Contrasting effects of low-dose IL-2 on vaccine-boosted simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. |
| 5487 | 15699118 | In this study, we investigated how continuous low-dose IL-2 affected the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response induced by two inoculations of a canarypox recombinant SIV-based vaccine candidate in healthy macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. |
| 5488 | 15699118 | Vaccination in the presence of IL-2 significantly augmented Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses, but actually reduced Gag-specific CD4+ T cell responses. |
| 5489 | 15699118 | Although IL-2 at low doses did not change the overall concentration of circulating CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, it expanded the frequency of CD4+CD25+ T cells. |
| 5490 | 15699118 | Depletion of the CD4+CD25+ T cells in vitro, however, did not result in a reconstitution of Gag-specific CD4+ responses or augmentation of SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 5491 | 15699118 | Thus, we conclude that the decrease in virus-specific CD4+ T cell response may be due to IL-2-promoted redistribution of cells from the circulation, or due to Ag-induced cell death, rather than suppression by a T regulatory population. |
| 5492 | 15699118 | Contrasting effects of low-dose IL-2 on vaccine-boosted simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. |
| 5493 | 15699118 | In this study, we investigated how continuous low-dose IL-2 affected the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response induced by two inoculations of a canarypox recombinant SIV-based vaccine candidate in healthy macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. |
| 5494 | 15699118 | Vaccination in the presence of IL-2 significantly augmented Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses, but actually reduced Gag-specific CD4+ T cell responses. |
| 5495 | 15699118 | Although IL-2 at low doses did not change the overall concentration of circulating CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, it expanded the frequency of CD4+CD25+ T cells. |
| 5496 | 15699118 | Depletion of the CD4+CD25+ T cells in vitro, however, did not result in a reconstitution of Gag-specific CD4+ responses or augmentation of SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 5497 | 15699118 | Thus, we conclude that the decrease in virus-specific CD4+ T cell response may be due to IL-2-promoted redistribution of cells from the circulation, or due to Ag-induced cell death, rather than suppression by a T regulatory population. |
| 5498 | 15699118 | Contrasting effects of low-dose IL-2 on vaccine-boosted simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. |
| 5499 | 15699118 | In this study, we investigated how continuous low-dose IL-2 affected the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response induced by two inoculations of a canarypox recombinant SIV-based vaccine candidate in healthy macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. |
| 5500 | 15699118 | Vaccination in the presence of IL-2 significantly augmented Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses, but actually reduced Gag-specific CD4+ T cell responses. |
| 5501 | 15699118 | Although IL-2 at low doses did not change the overall concentration of circulating CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, it expanded the frequency of CD4+CD25+ T cells. |
| 5502 | 15699118 | Depletion of the CD4+CD25+ T cells in vitro, however, did not result in a reconstitution of Gag-specific CD4+ responses or augmentation of SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 5503 | 15699118 | Thus, we conclude that the decrease in virus-specific CD4+ T cell response may be due to IL-2-promoted redistribution of cells from the circulation, or due to Ag-induced cell death, rather than suppression by a T regulatory population. |
| 5504 | 15699118 | Contrasting effects of low-dose IL-2 on vaccine-boosted simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. |
| 5505 | 15699118 | In this study, we investigated how continuous low-dose IL-2 affected the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response induced by two inoculations of a canarypox recombinant SIV-based vaccine candidate in healthy macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. |
| 5506 | 15699118 | Vaccination in the presence of IL-2 significantly augmented Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses, but actually reduced Gag-specific CD4+ T cell responses. |
| 5507 | 15699118 | Although IL-2 at low doses did not change the overall concentration of circulating CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, it expanded the frequency of CD4+CD25+ T cells. |
| 5508 | 15699118 | Depletion of the CD4+CD25+ T cells in vitro, however, did not result in a reconstitution of Gag-specific CD4+ responses or augmentation of SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 5509 | 15699118 | Thus, we conclude that the decrease in virus-specific CD4+ T cell response may be due to IL-2-promoted redistribution of cells from the circulation, or due to Ag-induced cell death, rather than suppression by a T regulatory population. |
| 5510 | 15710649 | This phenotype was characterized by hypersecretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2, as well as down-regulation of the inhibitory cytokine IL-10 during antigen restimulation of lymphocytes in vitro. |
| 5511 | 15710649 | However, disabling the complement system in Daf1(-/-) mice normalized T cell secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and attenuated disease severity in the EAE model. |
| 5512 | 15710649 | This phenotype was characterized by hypersecretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2, as well as down-regulation of the inhibitory cytokine IL-10 during antigen restimulation of lymphocytes in vitro. |
| 5513 | 15710649 | However, disabling the complement system in Daf1(-/-) mice normalized T cell secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and attenuated disease severity in the EAE model. |
| 5514 | 15714585 | Many more Fas ligand-expressing and apoptotic cells were present after peptide immunization than after whole-protein immunization. |
| 5515 | 15714585 | Localization of IL-4-, IL-2- and IFN-gamma-producing cells to the lymphocyte-containing splenic white pulp was only observed with whole-protein immunization. |
| 5516 | 15721842 | Immunization of normal F344 rats with the NEU peptide modified with the N-terminal domain of CLIP (N-NEU) resulted in an immune response primarily consisting of type 1 (IL-2, IFNgamma) cytokine producing T cells. |
| 5517 | 15721842 | The functionally divergent responses elicited by the modified self-peptides were accompanied by significant changes in the expression of the CD28/CTLA4/B7 family of co-stimulatory molecules. |
| 5518 | 15721842 | Immunization with the N-NEU peptide led to enhanced expression of CD28 in the antigen-specific, CD4+ T cell compartment while expression of B7.1 was dramatically reduced in antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 5519 | 15721842 | Comparatively, expression of CTLA4 was down-regulated in the antigen-specific CD4+ T cell compartment following immunization with NEU-C peptide. |
| 5520 | 15728501 | In this study we show that in HIV-infected individuals the loss of IL-7R (CD127) expression defines the expansion of a subset of CD8(+) T cells, specific for HIV as well as other Ags, that show phenotypic (i.e., loss of CCR7 and CD62 ligand expression with enrichment in activated and/or proliferating cells) as well as functional (i.e., production of IFN-gamma, but not IL-2, decreased ex vivo proliferative potential and increased susceptibility to apoptosis) features of effector T cells. |
| 5521 | 15728501 | Importantly, in HIV-infected individuals the levels of CD8(+)CD127(-) T cells are directly correlated with the main markers of disease progression (i.e., plasma viremia and CD4(+) T cell depletion) as well as with the indices of overall T cell activation. |
| 5522 | 15728501 | In all, these results identify the expansion of CD8(+)CD127(-) effector-like T cells as a novel feature of the HIV-associated immune perturbation. |
| 5523 | 15731219 | Most animals recognized two CD8 and one CD4 epitope and had frequencies of IFN-gamma-responding T cells from 0.01 to 0.3% of total CD8 or CD4 T cells. |
| 5524 | 15731219 | T-cell responses were remarkably stable over time and, unlike responses in most immunodeficiency virus infections, maintained good functional characteristics, as evidenced by coproduction of IFN-gamma and interleukin-2. |
| 5525 | 15731224 | We showed recently that a recombinant HSV-1 vaccine expressing interleukin-4 (IL-4) is more efficacious against ocular HSV-1 challenge than recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (Y. |
| 5526 | 15735048 | CD4(+) Treg cells do not secrete interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor beta cytokines but express CD25, the glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR), and Forkhead Box P3 (Foxp3), and are capable of suppressing the proliferative responses of naive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to stimulation with mitogenic anti-CD3 antibody. |
| 5527 | 15735048 | Importantly, these Treg cells suppress IL-2 secretion by CD4(+) effector T cells specific for either EBNA1 or a melanoma antigen, suggesting that these CD4(+) Treg cells induce immune suppression. |
| 5528 | 15742663 | Mice vaccinated with this formula showed higher lymphoproliferative index values and higher IL-2, IL-4 and IFNgamma levels than the controls. |
| 5529 | 15744581 | Such interaction was reported to induce the hematopoietic cells to release large amounts of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13. |
| 5530 | 15744581 | Type I IFNs reactivate the patients' inhibited Th1 cells to synthesize IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines that activate the maturation of CTL precursors. |
| 5531 | 15744581 | The CpG ODNs A and B bind to Toll like receptors that are present in pDCs and B cells, respectively, CpG ODN - A is the ligand for TLR9+ pDCs and induce the release of large amounts of IFN-alpha, beta. |
| 5532 | 15744581 | Based on these studies, a hypothesis is presented that treatment of HIV-1 infected and AIDS patients with CpG ODN-A and B or CpG ODN-C have the potential to inhibit IL-4 synthesis and release from FcrepsilonRI+ hematopoietic cells by inducing TLR9+ pDCs to release large amounts of type I IFNs. |
| 5533 | 15744581 | Type I IFNs reactivate the patients' Th1 cells to synthesize IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines, activators of the precursor cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), leading to the reactivation of the inhibited adaptive immune response. |
| 5534 | 15744581 | Such interaction was reported to induce the hematopoietic cells to release large amounts of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13. |
| 5535 | 15744581 | Type I IFNs reactivate the patients' inhibited Th1 cells to synthesize IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines that activate the maturation of CTL precursors. |
| 5536 | 15744581 | The CpG ODNs A and B bind to Toll like receptors that are present in pDCs and B cells, respectively, CpG ODN - A is the ligand for TLR9+ pDCs and induce the release of large amounts of IFN-alpha, beta. |
| 5537 | 15744581 | Based on these studies, a hypothesis is presented that treatment of HIV-1 infected and AIDS patients with CpG ODN-A and B or CpG ODN-C have the potential to inhibit IL-4 synthesis and release from FcrepsilonRI+ hematopoietic cells by inducing TLR9+ pDCs to release large amounts of type I IFNs. |
| 5538 | 15744581 | Type I IFNs reactivate the patients' Th1 cells to synthesize IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines, activators of the precursor cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), leading to the reactivation of the inhibited adaptive immune response. |
| 5539 | 15745223 | Subcellular fractions of Brucella ovis distinctively induce the production of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and interferon-gamma in mice. |
| 5540 | 15745223 | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 Brucella ovis subcellular protein fractions: Outer membrane (OMP), inner membrane (IMP), and cytoplasm (CP), on cellular immune response by in vitro production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 5541 | 15745223 | Regarding the IFN-gamma production, OMP and IMP induced a high response at 120 h. |
| 5542 | 15745223 | Subcellular fractions of Brucella ovis distinctively induce the production of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and interferon-gamma in mice. |
| 5543 | 15745223 | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 Brucella ovis subcellular protein fractions: Outer membrane (OMP), inner membrane (IMP), and cytoplasm (CP), on cellular immune response by in vitro production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 5544 | 15745223 | Regarding the IFN-gamma production, OMP and IMP induced a high response at 120 h. |
| 5545 | 15746068 | Identification of CD19 and CD20 peptides for induction of antigen-specific CTLs against B-cell malignancies. |
| 5546 | 15746068 | The purpose of these studies was to develop immunogenic peptides derived from the CD19 and CD20 self-antigens for the induction of antigen-specific CTLs against B-cell malignancies. |
| 5547 | 15746068 | The CD19 or CD20 peptide-specific CTL cytotoxicity was confirmed using HLA-A2.1(+) T2 cells presenting the appropriate peptide. |
| 5548 | 15746068 | In addition, the CTLs displayed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in cell proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion (>830 ng/mL) following restimulation with HLA-A2.1(+)/CD19(+)/CD20(+) tumor cells. |
| 5549 | 15746068 | The CTLs also displayed a distinct phenotype consisting of a high percentage of CD69(+)/CD45RO(+) and a low percentage of CD45RA(+)/CCR7(+) CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells characteristic of effector memory cell population. |
| 5550 | 15746068 | Cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate culture conditions using serum-free AIM-V medium containing human AB serum, recombinant human interleukin 2 (Proleukin) and CD3/CD28 Dynabeads were developed resulting in a 35-fold expansion of CD20 peptide-specific CTLs. |
| 5551 | 15773403 | As revealed in this study, neutrophilokines regulate the synthesis of IL-2 by T helpers of type 1, IL-4 and IL-5 by T helpers of type 2, IL-1 by B lymphocytes, as well as the expression of receptors IL-2 by immunocompetent cells. |
| 5552 | 15780449 | The serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were increased, while no significant increase was observed in interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 5553 | 15782496 | [Enhancement of herpes simplex virus-1 glycoprotein-D DNA vaccine induced specific immune responses by coimmunization with interleukin-2 genetic adjuvant]. |
| 5554 | 15784540 | Splenic T cells from rAsPPase-immunized mice produced low levels of T helper 1-type cytokines (gamma interferon and interleukin-2) in vitro but exhibited an elevated interleukin-10 response. |
| 5555 | 15784563 | Immunizing mice with a V protein-containing vaccine or with short peptides containing the identified epitopes primes antigen-specific production of interleukin 2 and gamma interferon by CD4 T cells upon their restimulation in vitro. |
| 5556 | 15788145 | There are many experimental trials using combined therapy for malignant melanoma, including chemotherapy (dimethyl triazene imidazole carboxamide) and biologic therapy (interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-alfa). |
| 5557 | 15797470 | We generated a mammalian expression system for recombinant cytokines using the equine IgG1 heavy chain constant region as a tag for detection and purification of the expressed cytokine, demonstrated here using equine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL4) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). |
| 5558 | 15797470 | The purification of the fusion protein by protein G affinity columns, the enterokinase digestion of the cytokine from the IgG1 heavy chain region after or during purification, and the biological activity of the cytokine within the fusion protein or after its isolation was demonstrated in detail for equine IFN-gamma/IgG1 by up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression on horse lymphocytes. |
| 5559 | 15797470 | Biological activity could also be confirmed for the IL-2 and IL-4/IgG1 fusion proteins. |
| 5560 | 15797470 | To test the crossreactivity and specificity of anti-human TGF-beta1, and anti-bovine and anti-canine IFN-gamma antibodies to respective horse cytokines, the four cytokine/IgG1 fusion proteins were successfully used in ELISA, flow cytometry and/or Western blotting. |
| 5561 | 15797470 | We generated a mammalian expression system for recombinant cytokines using the equine IgG1 heavy chain constant region as a tag for detection and purification of the expressed cytokine, demonstrated here using equine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL4) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). |
| 5562 | 15797470 | The purification of the fusion protein by protein G affinity columns, the enterokinase digestion of the cytokine from the IgG1 heavy chain region after or during purification, and the biological activity of the cytokine within the fusion protein or after its isolation was demonstrated in detail for equine IFN-gamma/IgG1 by up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression on horse lymphocytes. |
| 5563 | 15797470 | Biological activity could also be confirmed for the IL-2 and IL-4/IgG1 fusion proteins. |
| 5564 | 15797470 | To test the crossreactivity and specificity of anti-human TGF-beta1, and anti-bovine and anti-canine IFN-gamma antibodies to respective horse cytokines, the four cytokine/IgG1 fusion proteins were successfully used in ELISA, flow cytometry and/or Western blotting. |
| 5565 | 15803143 | To augment their nonspecific immunogenic properties, before DNA transfer, the fibroblasts (of C3H/He mouse origin) were modified to express allogeneic MHC class I H-2Kb-determinants and to secrete IL-2, IL-18 or GM-CSF. |
| 5566 | 15803143 | The immunotherapeutic properties of transfected fibroblasts modified to secrete IL-18 or GM-CSF were less efficacious. |
| 5567 | 15804600 | Immunized mice produced higher levels of both protein and gene transcripts for IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-18 and MIP1-alpha. |
| 5568 | 15804600 | Immunized mice also had elevated gene expression levels for IL12-p40, IL23-p19, IP-10, MIG and MCP-1 when compared to normal mice. |
| 5569 | 15812230 | Nonreplicating recombinant vaccinia virus expressing CD40 ligand enhances APC capacity to stimulate specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 5570 | 15812230 | Recently, we and others have demonstrated, in vitro and in vivo, that coexpression of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules enhances the immunogenic capacity of a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) encoding different tumor-associated antigens. |
| 5571 | 15812230 | To further investigate the capacity of these vectors to provide ligands for different costimulatory pathways relevant in the generation of T cell responses, we constructed a recombinant virus (rVV) expressing CD40 ligand or CD154 (CD154rVV). |
| 5572 | 15812230 | Upon binding the CD40 receptor expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC), this molecule, physiologically expressed on activated CD4+ T cells, increases their antigen presentation and immunostimulatory capacities. |
| 5573 | 15812230 | CD154rVV infection of autologous fibroblasts, monocytes, or iDC promoted the expression of a number of cytokines, including GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, and IL-15 in iDC. |
| 5574 | 15812230 | Most importantly, IL-12 p40 gene expression and protein secretion were induced by CD154rVV but not by wild-type VV (WT VV) in either CD14+ cells or iDC, and these effects could be blocked by anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies. |
| 5575 | 15812230 | Furthermore, phenotypic characterization of CD154rVV infected iDC revealed enhanced expression of CD83 and CD86 surface markers as compared with wild-type vaccinia virus infection. |
| 5576 | 15812230 | However, cytokine genes typically expressed by T cell receptor triggered T cells such as those encoding IL-2 and IFN-gamma, or T cell proliferation, were detectable to a significantly higher extent in CD154rVV infected cultures, as compared with WT VV. |
| 5577 | 15812230 | Activation of specific CD8+ T cells was then investigated using MART-1/Melan-A(27-35) epitope as the model of tumor-associated antigen (TAA). |
| 5578 | 15814696 | Interestingly, we found that IgG4 production in the coculture correlated with the TCC production of IL-10 (r2 = 0.352, p = 0.0001), but not with IL-2, IL-4, nor IFN-gamma. |
| 5579 | 15814697 | DcR3/TR6, a secreted protein belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily, interacts with lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpes virus entrance mediator (LIGHT), Fas ligand (FasL), and TL1A, all members of the TNF superfamily. |
| 5580 | 15814697 | Solid-phase TR6 can trigger reverse signaling of LIGHT and FasL expressed on T cells, and lead to T cell costimulation. |
| 5581 | 15814697 | We demonstrated that mastocytoma P815 cells expressing surface TR6 (TR6-P815) effectively augmented the T cells response in vitro and ex vivo in terms of proliferation, as well as IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 5582 | 15814700 | Dysfunction of simian immunodeficiency virus/simian human immunodeficiency virus-induced IL-2 expression by central memory CD4+ T lymphocytes. |
| 5583 | 15814700 | Production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD4+ T lymphocytes is important for the maintenance of a functional immune system in infected individuals. |
| 5584 | 15814700 | We observed that preserved central memory CD4+ T lymphocyte production of SIV/SHIV-induced IL-2 was associated with disease protection following primate lentivirus infection. |
| 5585 | 15814700 | Dysfunction of simian immunodeficiency virus/simian human immunodeficiency virus-induced IL-2 expression by central memory CD4+ T lymphocytes. |
| 5586 | 15814700 | Production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD4+ T lymphocytes is important for the maintenance of a functional immune system in infected individuals. |
| 5587 | 15814700 | We observed that preserved central memory CD4+ T lymphocyte production of SIV/SHIV-induced IL-2 was associated with disease protection following primate lentivirus infection. |
| 5588 | 15814700 | Dysfunction of simian immunodeficiency virus/simian human immunodeficiency virus-induced IL-2 expression by central memory CD4+ T lymphocytes. |
| 5589 | 15814700 | Production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD4+ T lymphocytes is important for the maintenance of a functional immune system in infected individuals. |
| 5590 | 15814700 | We observed that preserved central memory CD4+ T lymphocyte production of SIV/SHIV-induced IL-2 was associated with disease protection following primate lentivirus infection. |
| 5591 | 15817260 | CD8+-dependent CNS demyelination following ocular infection of mice with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing murine IL-2. |
| 5592 | 15817260 | In contrast, mice infected with HSV-IFN-gamma or HSV-IL-4, which are identical to HSV-IL-2 but express IFN-gamma or IL-4 instead of IL-2, did not exhibit demyelination. |
| 5593 | 15817260 | Immunohistochemistry and FACS analyses of infiltrates in the brains and spinal cords of HSV-IL-2-infected mice showed elevations in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and macrophages. |
| 5594 | 15817260 | CD8+-dependent CNS demyelination following ocular infection of mice with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing murine IL-2. |
| 5595 | 15817260 | In contrast, mice infected with HSV-IFN-gamma or HSV-IL-4, which are identical to HSV-IL-2 but express IFN-gamma or IL-4 instead of IL-2, did not exhibit demyelination. |
| 5596 | 15817260 | Immunohistochemistry and FACS analyses of infiltrates in the brains and spinal cords of HSV-IL-2-infected mice showed elevations in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and macrophages. |
| 5597 | 15817260 | CD8+-dependent CNS demyelination following ocular infection of mice with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing murine IL-2. |
| 5598 | 15817260 | In contrast, mice infected with HSV-IFN-gamma or HSV-IL-4, which are identical to HSV-IL-2 but express IFN-gamma or IL-4 instead of IL-2, did not exhibit demyelination. |
| 5599 | 15817260 | Immunohistochemistry and FACS analyses of infiltrates in the brains and spinal cords of HSV-IL-2-infected mice showed elevations in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and macrophages. |
| 5600 | 15828575 | Here we report the proliferation of spleen cells in response to the recombinant Sm-p80 protein and cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-4) production by the splenocytes. |
| 5601 | 15828575 | These spleen cells were obtained from groups of mice that were vaccinated with a DNA vaccine formulation containing Sm-p80 and one of the Th-1 (IL-2 or IL-12) or Th-2 (GM-CSF, IL-4) enhancer cytokines. |
| 5602 | 15828575 | The splenocytes obtained from mice vaccinated with Sm-p80 DNA with Th-1 enhancer cytokines IL-2 and IL-12 provided the highest proliferation. |
| 5603 | 15828575 | The IFN-gamma production by splenocytes was found to follow the similar pattern [(Sm-p80) < (Sm-p80 + IL-4) < (Sm-p80 + GMCSF) < (Sm-p80 + IL-12) < (Sm-p80 + IL-2)], as has been observed for the proliferation and protection data. |
| 5604 | 15828575 | Here we report the proliferation of spleen cells in response to the recombinant Sm-p80 protein and cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-4) production by the splenocytes. |
| 5605 | 15828575 | These spleen cells were obtained from groups of mice that were vaccinated with a DNA vaccine formulation containing Sm-p80 and one of the Th-1 (IL-2 or IL-12) or Th-2 (GM-CSF, IL-4) enhancer cytokines. |
| 5606 | 15828575 | The splenocytes obtained from mice vaccinated with Sm-p80 DNA with Th-1 enhancer cytokines IL-2 and IL-12 provided the highest proliferation. |
| 5607 | 15828575 | The IFN-gamma production by splenocytes was found to follow the similar pattern [(Sm-p80) < (Sm-p80 + IL-4) < (Sm-p80 + GMCSF) < (Sm-p80 + IL-12) < (Sm-p80 + IL-2)], as has been observed for the proliferation and protection data. |
| 5608 | 15828575 | Here we report the proliferation of spleen cells in response to the recombinant Sm-p80 protein and cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-4) production by the splenocytes. |
| 5609 | 15828575 | These spleen cells were obtained from groups of mice that were vaccinated with a DNA vaccine formulation containing Sm-p80 and one of the Th-1 (IL-2 or IL-12) or Th-2 (GM-CSF, IL-4) enhancer cytokines. |
| 5610 | 15828575 | The splenocytes obtained from mice vaccinated with Sm-p80 DNA with Th-1 enhancer cytokines IL-2 and IL-12 provided the highest proliferation. |
| 5611 | 15828575 | The IFN-gamma production by splenocytes was found to follow the similar pattern [(Sm-p80) < (Sm-p80 + IL-4) < (Sm-p80 + GMCSF) < (Sm-p80 + IL-12) < (Sm-p80 + IL-2)], as has been observed for the proliferation and protection data. |
| 5612 | 15839423 | Resistance to intestinal coccidiosis following DNA immunization with the cloned 3-1E Eimeria gene plus IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-gamma. |
| 5613 | 15839423 | A cloned Eimeria acervulina gene (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis, both alone and in combination with genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 5614 | 15839423 | Combined immunization with the 3-1E and IL-1, IL-2, IL-15, or IFN-gamma genes induced higher serum antibody responses compared with immunization with 3-1E alone. |
| 5615 | 15839423 | Following parasite infection, chickens hatched from embryos given the 3-1E gene plus the IL-2 or IL-15 genes displayed significantly reduced oocyst shedding compared with those given 3-1E alone, while 3-1E plus IL-15 or IFN-gamma significantly increased weight gain compared with administration of 3-1E alone. |
| 5616 | 15839423 | Resistance to intestinal coccidiosis following DNA immunization with the cloned 3-1E Eimeria gene plus IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-gamma. |
| 5617 | 15839423 | A cloned Eimeria acervulina gene (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis, both alone and in combination with genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 5618 | 15839423 | Combined immunization with the 3-1E and IL-1, IL-2, IL-15, or IFN-gamma genes induced higher serum antibody responses compared with immunization with 3-1E alone. |
| 5619 | 15839423 | Following parasite infection, chickens hatched from embryos given the 3-1E gene plus the IL-2 or IL-15 genes displayed significantly reduced oocyst shedding compared with those given 3-1E alone, while 3-1E plus IL-15 or IFN-gamma significantly increased weight gain compared with administration of 3-1E alone. |
| 5620 | 15839423 | Resistance to intestinal coccidiosis following DNA immunization with the cloned 3-1E Eimeria gene plus IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-gamma. |
| 5621 | 15839423 | A cloned Eimeria acervulina gene (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis, both alone and in combination with genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 5622 | 15839423 | Combined immunization with the 3-1E and IL-1, IL-2, IL-15, or IFN-gamma genes induced higher serum antibody responses compared with immunization with 3-1E alone. |
| 5623 | 15839423 | Following parasite infection, chickens hatched from embryos given the 3-1E gene plus the IL-2 or IL-15 genes displayed significantly reduced oocyst shedding compared with those given 3-1E alone, while 3-1E plus IL-15 or IFN-gamma significantly increased weight gain compared with administration of 3-1E alone. |
| 5624 | 15839423 | Resistance to intestinal coccidiosis following DNA immunization with the cloned 3-1E Eimeria gene plus IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-gamma. |
| 5625 | 15839423 | A cloned Eimeria acervulina gene (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis, both alone and in combination with genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 5626 | 15839423 | Combined immunization with the 3-1E and IL-1, IL-2, IL-15, or IFN-gamma genes induced higher serum antibody responses compared with immunization with 3-1E alone. |
| 5627 | 15839423 | Following parasite infection, chickens hatched from embryos given the 3-1E gene plus the IL-2 or IL-15 genes displayed significantly reduced oocyst shedding compared with those given 3-1E alone, while 3-1E plus IL-15 or IFN-gamma significantly increased weight gain compared with administration of 3-1E alone. |
| 5628 | 15840960 | We now show that intra-muscular co-administration of mice with pMEa and pGM-CSF, encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or pIL-2, encoding murine interleukin-2 given 4 days after pMEa, augmented anti-JEV antibody titers. |
| 5629 | 15854271 | Four kinds of immunotherapy for acute leukemia are under investigation: (1) monoclonal antibodies, among them, Mylotarg (cytotoxic antibiotic calicheamicin linked to CD33 Mab) is given for the treatment of refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and molecular relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia with good results, Campath-1H (antiCD52 Mab) is administered in the treatment of prolymphocytic leukemia and Rituximab (anti-CD20 Mab) in B-PLL with high complete remission rates. |
| 5630 | 15854271 | Other Mabs under preclinical and clinical trials include anti-IL-2 receptor Mab for the treatment of acute T lymphocytic leukemia, anti-220 kD Mab-6G7 for acute leukemias, recombinant immune toxin BL22 (anti-CD22) for hairy cell leukemia and Mabs labeled with radio-isotopes for different types of acute leukemias; (2) adoptive cellular immunotherapy using cytokine-induced killer cell, alloreactive NK cells, allogeneic or autologous leukemic-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and other immune effector cells; (3) cytokines and other immune modulators comprising IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, CD40L, FLT-3L and thalidomide and its derivatives; (4) leukemia vaccines of several different formulations including antigen-specific, leukemia cell-based, leukemia antigen-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) and leukemia-derived DC vaccines, the latter two formulations are more attractive. |
| 5631 | 15855014 | Here, we evaluated innate and adaptive immune system cytokine responses induced by HPV-16 L1 VLP in whole blood (WB) cultures from individuals receiving the vaccine (n=20) or placebo (n=4) before and after vaccination. 11 cytokines were measured: IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF using multiplex bead arrays. |
| 5632 | 15855016 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the supernatant of the cultured PBMC were tested and proliferation of the PBMC was measured. |
| 5633 | 15868901 | Divergent roles of IL-2 and IL-15. |
| 5634 | 15868901 | Since viruses are known to induce memory T cells, an attenuated influenza A/PR8/34 virus with a truncated nonstructural (NS1) gene was generated containing the HER-2 CTL E75 epitope in its neuraminidase protein (KIF-NS virus). |
| 5635 | 15868901 | Survival of CD44hi CD122hi cells was dependent on the levels of TCR; cells expressing lower levels of E75-TCR (MFI: 10(2)-10(3)) survived better in IL-2 while cells expressing high levels of TCR (MFI: 10(3)-10(4)) survived better in IL-15. |
| 5636 | 15868901 | Divergent roles of IL-2 and IL-15. |
| 5637 | 15868901 | Since viruses are known to induce memory T cells, an attenuated influenza A/PR8/34 virus with a truncated nonstructural (NS1) gene was generated containing the HER-2 CTL E75 epitope in its neuraminidase protein (KIF-NS virus). |
| 5638 | 15868901 | Survival of CD44hi CD122hi cells was dependent on the levels of TCR; cells expressing lower levels of E75-TCR (MFI: 10(2)-10(3)) survived better in IL-2 while cells expressing high levels of TCR (MFI: 10(3)-10(4)) survived better in IL-15. |
| 5639 | 15869802 | The immune stimulating activity was studied by measuring serum anti-HBsAg titer, secretory IgA level in intestinal and salivary secretions and cyokines level (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) in spleen homogenates following oral administration of niosomal formulations in Balb/c mice and compared with naked DNA as well as pure recombinant HBsAg injected intramuscularly. |
| 5640 | 15885458 | The immune stimulating activity was studied by measuring serum anti-HBsAg titer and cyokines level (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) following topical application of niosomes in Balb/c mice and results were compared with naked DNA and liposomes encapsulated DNA applied topically as well as naked DNA and pure recombinant HBsAg administered intramuscularly. |
| 5641 | 15888247 | The results show that the most remarkable effects of MLBL on the immune system are: i) activation of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2Ralpha) on different lymphocyte subsets (B, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells) involved both in humoral and cellular immune responses; ii) induction of cytokine synthesis (IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IFNgamma) in the immune competent cells that induce and regulate immune responses; iii) generation of CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells. |
| 5642 | 15890793 | Enhanced leukocyte infiltration may be driven by increased levels of the type 1 cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, observed at the site of antigen reexposure in animals that had been stressed at the time of primary immunization. |
| 5643 | 15890793 | In contrast, no differences were observed in type 2 cytokines, IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 5644 | 15894487 | It was observed that the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 production rather than IL-4 and IL-6 were increased as the disease became more severe. |
| 5645 | 15894487 | On comparison, the subsequent values of IL-6, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-2 were found to be less significant in healthy primed T-cell cultures. |
| 5646 | 15894487 | It was observed that the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 production rather than IL-4 and IL-6 were increased as the disease became more severe. |
| 5647 | 15894487 | On comparison, the subsequent values of IL-6, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-2 were found to be less significant in healthy primed T-cell cultures. |
| 5648 | 15897626 | Interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12p40, granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and iNOS mRNA expression were detected significantly and reproducibly when these primer sets were used. |
| 5649 | 15908383 | Vaccination with CFP-BCG induced levels of antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in whole-blood cultures that were higher than those induced by vaccination with BCG alone. |
| 5650 | 15908383 | Vaccination with CFP alone led to delayed antigen-specific IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses. |
| 5651 | 15908383 | Vaccination with CFP-BCG induced levels of antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in whole-blood cultures that were higher than those induced by vaccination with BCG alone. |
| 5652 | 15908383 | Vaccination with CFP alone led to delayed antigen-specific IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses. |
| 5653 | 15908388 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ICC-1132/ISA 720 vaccinees proliferated and released cytokines (interleukin 2 and gamma interferon) when stimulated with recombinant P. falciparum CS protein, and CS-specific CD4(+) T-cell lines were established from volunteers with high levels of antibodies to the repeat region. |
| 5654 | 15913790 | Upon incubation with AAL, PBMCs of allergic volunteers proliferated in response to AAL and secreted the cytokines, IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-5 in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating immune-stimulatory properties of the lectin. |
| 5655 | 15914231 | The induction of immune suppression in immunized animals is also correlated with a shift of cytokine balance, as reflected by an elevated level of IL-10 and reduced level of IFN-gamma or IL-2. |
| 5656 | 15934495 | GM-CSF and IL-2 combination as adjuvant therapy in cutaneous melanoma: early results of a phase II clinical trial. |
| 5657 | 15934495 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, sargramostim [Leukine]) leads to dendritic cell/macrophage priming and activation, and also increases interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression on T. lymphocytes. |
| 5658 | 15934495 | Postoperatively, each patient received GM-CSF at 125 microg/m2/d subcutaneously (SC) for 14 days; this was followed by IL-2 at 9 million IU/m2/d SC for 4 days, and then 10 to 12 days of no treatment. |
| 5659 | 15934495 | The combination treatment regimen of GM-CSF and IL-2 with or without autologous vaccine used adjuvantly appears to benefit high-risk melanoma patients; further clinical testing of this regimen is warranted. |
| 5660 | 15934495 | GM-CSF and IL-2 combination as adjuvant therapy in cutaneous melanoma: early results of a phase II clinical trial. |
| 5661 | 15934495 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, sargramostim [Leukine]) leads to dendritic cell/macrophage priming and activation, and also increases interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression on T. lymphocytes. |
| 5662 | 15934495 | Postoperatively, each patient received GM-CSF at 125 microg/m2/d subcutaneously (SC) for 14 days; this was followed by IL-2 at 9 million IU/m2/d SC for 4 days, and then 10 to 12 days of no treatment. |
| 5663 | 15934495 | The combination treatment regimen of GM-CSF and IL-2 with or without autologous vaccine used adjuvantly appears to benefit high-risk melanoma patients; further clinical testing of this regimen is warranted. |
| 5664 | 15934495 | GM-CSF and IL-2 combination as adjuvant therapy in cutaneous melanoma: early results of a phase II clinical trial. |
| 5665 | 15934495 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, sargramostim [Leukine]) leads to dendritic cell/macrophage priming and activation, and also increases interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression on T. lymphocytes. |
| 5666 | 15934495 | Postoperatively, each patient received GM-CSF at 125 microg/m2/d subcutaneously (SC) for 14 days; this was followed by IL-2 at 9 million IU/m2/d SC for 4 days, and then 10 to 12 days of no treatment. |
| 5667 | 15934495 | The combination treatment regimen of GM-CSF and IL-2 with or without autologous vaccine used adjuvantly appears to benefit high-risk melanoma patients; further clinical testing of this regimen is warranted. |
| 5668 | 15934495 | GM-CSF and IL-2 combination as adjuvant therapy in cutaneous melanoma: early results of a phase II clinical trial. |
| 5669 | 15934495 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, sargramostim [Leukine]) leads to dendritic cell/macrophage priming and activation, and also increases interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression on T. lymphocytes. |
| 5670 | 15934495 | Postoperatively, each patient received GM-CSF at 125 microg/m2/d subcutaneously (SC) for 14 days; this was followed by IL-2 at 9 million IU/m2/d SC for 4 days, and then 10 to 12 days of no treatment. |
| 5671 | 15934495 | The combination treatment regimen of GM-CSF and IL-2 with or without autologous vaccine used adjuvantly appears to benefit high-risk melanoma patients; further clinical testing of this regimen is warranted. |
| 5672 | 15941685 | An increased capacity of CD3+ cells to produce interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and of the TCRgammadelta+ subset to produce TNF-alpha was seen in adults after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with a late-stage, schizont-rich, parasite preparation. |
| 5673 | 15941685 | Mitogenic stimulation with PMA and ionomycin induced much higher frequencies of IFN-gamma- and TNF-alpha-expressing CD4+, CD8+ as well as TCRgammadelta+ cells in adults, while differences for interleukin (IL)-2 expression were restricted to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 5674 | 15941685 | Impressive increases in the capacity to produce P. falciparum-specific and non-specific IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha appear to be the main cellular correlates of naturally acquired immunity in Central Africa. |
| 5675 | 15944732 | In mice vaccinated and supplemented with Imiquimod, a small but significant increase of rat p185neu-specific cytotoxicity and of IFN-gamma and IL-2-producing CD8T cells, together with a reduction of IL-4-producing CD4T cells, and a switch from an IgG1 towards a IgG2a phenotype of anti-p185neu antibodies, suggested a TH1 polarization of the immune response. |
| 5676 | 15947427 | In presence of anti-CD3, the 57 kDa antigen was found to increase the level of IL-2 significantly instead of IL-4. |
| 5677 | 15947427 | Furthermore, the protein tyrosine kinase was activated during anti-CD3 stimulation, which up-regulated the phosphatidylinositol kinase of p85-mediated serine kinase protein kinase-C of p70. |
| 5678 | 15967544 | Insights into the mechanism of anti-tumor immunity in mice vaccinated with the human HER2/neu extracellular domain plus anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(IL-2) or anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(GM-CSF) fusion protein. |
| 5679 | 15967544 | In the present study, we demonstrate that a physical association between the extracellular domain of human HER2/neu receptor (ECDHER2) plus anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(IL-2) or anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(GM-CSF) was required to elicit the most effective anti-tumor immune response against a syngeneic tumor expressing rat HER2/neu. |
| 5680 | 15967544 | Immune effectors including CD4+, CD8+, and NK cells contributed to protection against tumor growth. |
| 5681 | 15967544 | These results provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for the protective tumor immunity elicited when antibody-(IL-2 or GM-CSF) are used as enhancers of vaccines targeting tumor antigens. |
| 5682 | 15967544 | Insights into the mechanism of anti-tumor immunity in mice vaccinated with the human HER2/neu extracellular domain plus anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(IL-2) or anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(GM-CSF) fusion protein. |
| 5683 | 15967544 | In the present study, we demonstrate that a physical association between the extracellular domain of human HER2/neu receptor (ECDHER2) plus anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(IL-2) or anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(GM-CSF) was required to elicit the most effective anti-tumor immune response against a syngeneic tumor expressing rat HER2/neu. |
| 5684 | 15967544 | Immune effectors including CD4+, CD8+, and NK cells contributed to protection against tumor growth. |
| 5685 | 15967544 | These results provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for the protective tumor immunity elicited when antibody-(IL-2 or GM-CSF) are used as enhancers of vaccines targeting tumor antigens. |
| 5686 | 15967544 | Insights into the mechanism of anti-tumor immunity in mice vaccinated with the human HER2/neu extracellular domain plus anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(IL-2) or anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(GM-CSF) fusion protein. |
| 5687 | 15967544 | In the present study, we demonstrate that a physical association between the extracellular domain of human HER2/neu receptor (ECDHER2) plus anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(IL-2) or anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(GM-CSF) was required to elicit the most effective anti-tumor immune response against a syngeneic tumor expressing rat HER2/neu. |
| 5688 | 15967544 | Immune effectors including CD4+, CD8+, and NK cells contributed to protection against tumor growth. |
| 5689 | 15967544 | These results provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for the protective tumor immunity elicited when antibody-(IL-2 or GM-CSF) are used as enhancers of vaccines targeting tumor antigens. |
| 5690 | 15969102 | The number of CD4 + CD8 + and the levels of IFN-gamma IL-2 increased significantly after immunization with pcDNA3.1/MAGE-3 plasmid as compared with those of control groups (P < 0.01). |
| 5691 | 15976761 | Plasma CRP, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-2 soluble receptor alpha, and serum amyloid A were measured, and differences in mean concentrations of absolute and normalized values on days 1, 3, and 7 were compared with mean baseline values. |
| 5692 | 15976761 | The mean increases in normalized high sensitivity CRP values were significant on day 1 (P < .01) and day 3 (P = .05), whereas the mean increase in normalized serum amyloid A was significant only on day 1 (P < .05). |
| 5693 | 15976761 | No significant changes were seen in mean concentrations of IL-2 soluble receptor alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 5694 | 15976761 | Plasma CRP, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-2 soluble receptor alpha, and serum amyloid A were measured, and differences in mean concentrations of absolute and normalized values on days 1, 3, and 7 were compared with mean baseline values. |
| 5695 | 15976761 | The mean increases in normalized high sensitivity CRP values were significant on day 1 (P < .01) and day 3 (P = .05), whereas the mean increase in normalized serum amyloid A was significant only on day 1 (P < .05). |
| 5696 | 15976761 | No significant changes were seen in mean concentrations of IL-2 soluble receptor alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 5697 | 16000958 | In this study six patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer were monitored for their ability to mount PSA-specific cellular responses after receiving a pVAX/PSA DNA vaccine (patients 1-3, 100 microg; patients 7-9, 900 microg) with recombinant GM-CSF and IL-2 as adjuvants. |
| 5698 | 16000958 | IFNgamma ELISPOT showed that naturally processed PSA protein and PSA peptides are recognized by T cells in the blood of some prostate cancer patients after a PSA DNA vaccine. |
| 5699 | 16000958 | Analysis of other cytokines showed the production of IL-4 and IL-6 but importantly did not show an increase in the number of IL-10-producing cells after vaccination in any of the patients. |
| 5700 | 16005745 | In addition, spleen cells of vaccinated mice produced augmented levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma when incubated with the crude parasite antigens, indicating that cellular immunity plays an important role in the protection. |
| 5701 | 16019851 | After local microwave coagulation and subsequent intra-tumoural injection of microparticles encapsulating interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, the anti-tumour efficacy against subcutaneous Lewis lung carcinoma in syngeneic mice was evaluated. |
| 5702 | 16034459 | To explore the issue of immune-stimulation versus immune-suppression in immature lymphoblastic leukemia cells, two types of HSV-1 amplicon vectors, helper virus-dependent and helper virus-free that express the immunomodulatory molecules CD70 and IL-2, were compared with regard to their vector-associated immunomodulatory potential. |
| 5703 | 16034459 | Treatment of mice with vaccine cells transgenically expressing CD70+IL2 significantly suppressed lymphoblastic cell proliferation and improved survival. |
| 5704 | 16034459 | Of note, when helper virus-dependent HSV-1 amplicon vectors were used for vaccine preparation, the high immunogenic potential of the vector itself, in the absence of transgenic CD70+IL2 expression, seemed to be sufficient to mediate protection comparable to the antineoplastic response achieved by expression of immunomodulatory molecules. |
| 5705 | 16034459 | To explore the issue of immune-stimulation versus immune-suppression in immature lymphoblastic leukemia cells, two types of HSV-1 amplicon vectors, helper virus-dependent and helper virus-free that express the immunomodulatory molecules CD70 and IL-2, were compared with regard to their vector-associated immunomodulatory potential. |
| 5706 | 16034459 | Treatment of mice with vaccine cells transgenically expressing CD70+IL2 significantly suppressed lymphoblastic cell proliferation and improved survival. |
| 5707 | 16034459 | Of note, when helper virus-dependent HSV-1 amplicon vectors were used for vaccine preparation, the high immunogenic potential of the vector itself, in the absence of transgenic CD70+IL2 expression, seemed to be sufficient to mediate protection comparable to the antineoplastic response achieved by expression of immunomodulatory molecules. |
| 5708 | 16034459 | To explore the issue of immune-stimulation versus immune-suppression in immature lymphoblastic leukemia cells, two types of HSV-1 amplicon vectors, helper virus-dependent and helper virus-free that express the immunomodulatory molecules CD70 and IL-2, were compared with regard to their vector-associated immunomodulatory potential. |
| 5709 | 16034459 | Treatment of mice with vaccine cells transgenically expressing CD70+IL2 significantly suppressed lymphoblastic cell proliferation and improved survival. |
| 5710 | 16034459 | Of note, when helper virus-dependent HSV-1 amplicon vectors were used for vaccine preparation, the high immunogenic potential of the vector itself, in the absence of transgenic CD70+IL2 expression, seemed to be sufficient to mediate protection comparable to the antineoplastic response achieved by expression of immunomodulatory molecules. |
| 5711 | 16041023 | Recombinant Ags 85A, 85B, and 85C induced significant lymphocyte proliferation as well as the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), but not IL-4, from low and medium shedders. |
| 5712 | 16041023 | The 35-kDa protein also induced significant lymphocyte proliferation as well as the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 from low and medium shedders. |
| 5713 | 16041023 | CD4(+) T cells and CD25(+) (IL-2R) T cells were stimulated the most by 85A and 85B, while the 35-kDa protein primarily stimulated CD21(+) B cells involved in humoral immune responses. |
| 5714 | 16044253 | Splenocytes obtained from 3H1-CpG-immunized mice showed an increased proliferative CD4(+) Th1-type T-cell response when stimulated in vitro with 3H1 or CEA and secreted elevated levels of Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma). |
| 5715 | 16044253 | This vaccine also induced MHC class I antigen-restricted CD8(+) T-cell responses. |
| 5716 | 16047142 | The anti-PSA immune responses were skewed toward Th1, as shown by high IFNgamma and IL-2 production. |
| 5717 | 16051859 | Moreover, the IL-2-expressing virus showed an enhanced CD8+ response to viral antigens in mice after a single intranasal immunization. |
| 5718 | 16061685 | Further, the IFN-gamma enzyme-linked ImmunoSPOT and in vitro 51Cr release assay results showed that HLA-A2-restricted, CEA-specific CTL responses were induced in both mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissues in A2 transgenic mice after oral immunization with PV-CEA. |
| 5719 | 16061685 | Finally, we showed that coadministration of papillomavirus pseudoviruses encoding interleukin-2 with PV-CEA enhanced the generation of A2-restricted, CEA-specific CTLs in aged CEA/A2 double transgenic mice, which were more clinically relevant. |
| 5720 | 16078439 | The obtained results will direct our further investigations toward obtaining mAbs for receptors for TNFalpha and IFNgamma, transfection of suppressor gene into tumor cell cultures and genes for IL-2 and TNFalpha. |
| 5721 | 16078831 | Our results also indicate that MDP-C is an effective stimulator for production of interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 by murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and production of interferon-gamma by CTLs. |
| 5722 | 16078831 | Additionally, MDP-C increases the expression levels of several surface molecules, including CD11c, MHC class I, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in BMDCs. |
| 5723 | 16080032 | As expected, there were several strong reports on the beneficial bioactivity of cytokines, such as IL-12, GM-CSF, and IL-2. |
| 5724 | 16081596 | Anti-CTLA-4 treatment enhanced the antibody production in SCID/SCID mice reconstituted with B lymphocytes and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes but not in SCID/SCID mice reconstituted with B lymphocytes in the absence of CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) cells. |
| 5725 | 16081596 | Administration of anti-CTLA-4 in BALB/c mice but not in nu/nu mice resulted in a markedly increased production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma. |
| 5726 | 16082422 | This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: Abiraterone acetate, acyline, adalimumab, adenosine triphosphate, AEE-788, AIDSVAX gp120 B/B, AK-602, alefacept, alemtuzumab, alendronic acid sodium salt, alicaforsen sodium, alprazolam, amdoxovir, AMG-162, aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride, aminolevulinic acid methyl ester, aminophylline hydrate, anakinra, anecortave acetate, anti-CTLA-4 MAb, APC-8015, aripiprazole, aspirin, atazanavir sulfate, atomoxetine hydrochloride, atorvastatin calcium, atrasentan, AVE-5883, AZD-2171; Betamethasone dipropionate, bevacizumab, bimatoprost, biphasic human insulin (prb), bortezomib, BR-A-657, BRL-55730, budesonide, busulfan; Calcipotriol, calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate, calcium folinate, capecitabine, capravirine, carmustine, caspofungin acetate, cefdinir, certolizumab pegol, CG-53135, chlorambucil, ciclesonide, ciclosporin, cisplatin, clofarabine, clopidogrel hydrogensulfate, clozapine, co-trimoxazole, CP-122721, creatine, CY-2301, cyclophosphamide, cypher, cytarabine, cytolin; D0401, darbepoetin alfa, darifenacin hydrobromide, DASB, desipramine hydrochloride, desloratadine, desvenlafaxine succinate, dexamethasone, didanosine, diquafosol tetrasodium, docetaxel, doxorubicin hydrochloride, drotrecogin alfa (activated), duloxetine hydrochloride, dutasteride; Ecallantide, efalizumab, efavirenz, eletriptan, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, enoxaparin sodium, estramustine phosphate sodium, etanercept, ethinylestradiol, etonogestrel, etonogestrel/ethinylestradiol, etoposide, exenatide; Famciclovir, fampridine, febuxostat, filgrastim, fludarabine phosphate, fluocinolone acetonide, fluorouracil, fluticasone propionate, fluvastatin sodium, fondaparinux sodium; Gaboxadol, gamma-hydroxybutyrate sodium, gefitinib, gelclair, gemcitabine, gemfibrozil, glibenclamide, glyminox; Haloperidol, heparin sodium, HPV 16/HPV 18 vaccine, human insulin, human insulin; Icatibant, imatinib mesylate, indium 111 (111In) ibritumomab tiuxetan, infliximab, INKP-100, iodine (I131) tositumomab, IoGen, ipratropium bromide, ixabepilone; L-870810, lamivudine, lapatinib, laquinimod, latanoprost, levonorgestrel, licochalcone a, liposomal doxorubicin, lopinavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, lorazepam, lovastatin; Maraviroc, maribavir, matuzumab, MDL-100907, melphalan, methotrexate, methylprednisolone, mitomycin, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, MK-0431, MN-001, MRKAd5 HIV-1 gag/pol/nef, MRKAd5gag, MVA.HIVA, MVA-BN Nef, MVA-Muc1-IL-2, mycophenolate mofetil; Nelfinavir mesilate, nesiritide, NSC-330507; Olanzapine, olmesartan medoxomil, omalizumab, oral insulin, osanetant; PA-457, paclitaxel, paroxetine, paroxetine hydrochloride, PCK-3145, PEG-filgrastim, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, perillyl alcohol, pexelizumab, pimecrolimus, pitavastatin calcium, porfiromycin, prasterone, prasugrel, pravastatin sodium, prednisone, pregabalin, prinomastat, PRO-2000, propofol, prostate cancer vaccine; Rasagiline mesilate, rhBMP-2/ACS, rhBMP-2/BCP, rhC1, ribavirin, rilpivirine, ritonavir, rituximab, Ro-26-9228, rosuvastatin calcium, rosuvastatin sodium, rubitecan; Selodenoson, simvastatin, sirolimus, sitaxsentan sodium, sorafenib, SS(dsFv)-PE38, St. |
| 5727 | 16086823 | A specific increase of the CD56bright cell population, the activation receptor CD69 and IFN-gamma, was observed in NK cells following incubation with recombinant HBsAg in responders to vaccination. |
| 5728 | 16086823 | Comparable results were observed in NKT cells showing an increment of CD69, CD25, IL-2 and IFN-gamma expression in responder subjects. |
| 5729 | 16099080 | The cytokine measurement profile of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-6 and low levels of IL-4 in the cultural supernatants of SP, PP and LP showed mixed CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 immune response. |
| 5730 | 16101960 | After nonlethal challenge with invasive P. gingivalis W50, production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-12 was elevated; however, interferon (IFN)-gamma was lower in the serum of the DNA vaccine-immunized mice than in the serum of nonimmunized mice. |
| 5731 | 16107268 | In addition, BS significantly inhibited the production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) and soluble IL-2 receptor expression at concentrations greater than 1 microg/ml. |
| 5732 | 16125282 | We have previously demonstrated that anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(IL-2), (IL-12)-IgG3, or IgG3-(GM-CSF) antibody fusion proteins (mono-AbFPs) elicit anti-tumor activity against murine tumors expressing HER2/neu when used as adjuvants of extracellular domain of HER2/neu (ECD(HER2)) protein vaccination. |
| 5733 | 16125282 | We have now studied the effect of combinations of IL-2 and IL-12 or IL-12 and GM-CSF mono-AbFPs during vaccination with ECD(HER2). |
| 5734 | 16125282 | In addition, we developed two novel anti-HER2/neu IgG3-cytokine fusion proteins in which IL-2 and IL-12 or IL-12 and GM-CSF were fused to the same IgG3 molecule (bi-AbFPs). |
| 5735 | 16125282 | (IL-12)-IgG3-(IL-2) and (IL-12)-IgG3-(GM-CSF) were properly assembled and retained both cytokine activity and the ability to bind antigen. |
| 5736 | 16125282 | Vaccination of mice with ECD(HER2) and a combination of cytokines as either bi-AbFPs or two mono-AbFPs activated both Thl and Th2 immune responses and resulted in significant protection against challenge with a HER2/neu expressing tumor. |
| 5737 | 16125282 | We have previously demonstrated that anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(IL-2), (IL-12)-IgG3, or IgG3-(GM-CSF) antibody fusion proteins (mono-AbFPs) elicit anti-tumor activity against murine tumors expressing HER2/neu when used as adjuvants of extracellular domain of HER2/neu (ECD(HER2)) protein vaccination. |
| 5738 | 16125282 | We have now studied the effect of combinations of IL-2 and IL-12 or IL-12 and GM-CSF mono-AbFPs during vaccination with ECD(HER2). |
| 5739 | 16125282 | In addition, we developed two novel anti-HER2/neu IgG3-cytokine fusion proteins in which IL-2 and IL-12 or IL-12 and GM-CSF were fused to the same IgG3 molecule (bi-AbFPs). |
| 5740 | 16125282 | (IL-12)-IgG3-(IL-2) and (IL-12)-IgG3-(GM-CSF) were properly assembled and retained both cytokine activity and the ability to bind antigen. |
| 5741 | 16125282 | Vaccination of mice with ECD(HER2) and a combination of cytokines as either bi-AbFPs or two mono-AbFPs activated both Thl and Th2 immune responses and resulted in significant protection against challenge with a HER2/neu expressing tumor. |
| 5742 | 16125282 | We have previously demonstrated that anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(IL-2), (IL-12)-IgG3, or IgG3-(GM-CSF) antibody fusion proteins (mono-AbFPs) elicit anti-tumor activity against murine tumors expressing HER2/neu when used as adjuvants of extracellular domain of HER2/neu (ECD(HER2)) protein vaccination. |
| 5743 | 16125282 | We have now studied the effect of combinations of IL-2 and IL-12 or IL-12 and GM-CSF mono-AbFPs during vaccination with ECD(HER2). |
| 5744 | 16125282 | In addition, we developed two novel anti-HER2/neu IgG3-cytokine fusion proteins in which IL-2 and IL-12 or IL-12 and GM-CSF were fused to the same IgG3 molecule (bi-AbFPs). |
| 5745 | 16125282 | (IL-12)-IgG3-(IL-2) and (IL-12)-IgG3-(GM-CSF) were properly assembled and retained both cytokine activity and the ability to bind antigen. |
| 5746 | 16125282 | Vaccination of mice with ECD(HER2) and a combination of cytokines as either bi-AbFPs or two mono-AbFPs activated both Thl and Th2 immune responses and resulted in significant protection against challenge with a HER2/neu expressing tumor. |
| 5747 | 16125282 | We have previously demonstrated that anti-HER2/neu IgG3-(IL-2), (IL-12)-IgG3, or IgG3-(GM-CSF) antibody fusion proteins (mono-AbFPs) elicit anti-tumor activity against murine tumors expressing HER2/neu when used as adjuvants of extracellular domain of HER2/neu (ECD(HER2)) protein vaccination. |
| 5748 | 16125282 | We have now studied the effect of combinations of IL-2 and IL-12 or IL-12 and GM-CSF mono-AbFPs during vaccination with ECD(HER2). |
| 5749 | 16125282 | In addition, we developed two novel anti-HER2/neu IgG3-cytokine fusion proteins in which IL-2 and IL-12 or IL-12 and GM-CSF were fused to the same IgG3 molecule (bi-AbFPs). |
| 5750 | 16125282 | (IL-12)-IgG3-(IL-2) and (IL-12)-IgG3-(GM-CSF) were properly assembled and retained both cytokine activity and the ability to bind antigen. |
| 5751 | 16125282 | Vaccination of mice with ECD(HER2) and a combination of cytokines as either bi-AbFPs or two mono-AbFPs activated both Thl and Th2 immune responses and resulted in significant protection against challenge with a HER2/neu expressing tumor. |
| 5752 | 16125469 | Mice bearing SCCVII/SF cells in the oral cavity were vaccinated subcutaneously with irradiated, rvv-IL-2-infected tumor cells combined with intratumoral injection of rvv-IL-2, resulting in recruitment of larger numbers of CD3+ CD8+ and CD3+ CD4+ T cells in the spleen (Sp) and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) compared to control vaccine rvv-lacZ. |
| 5753 | 16125469 | Tumor-specific CD8+ T and CD4+ helper T cell activities in the Sp and TDLN were significantly increased in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5754 | 16125469 | Sp and TDLN cells from rvv-IL-2-treated mice secreted significantly higher levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma compared to rvv-lacZ-treated mice, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were comparable. |
| 5755 | 16125469 | Numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells were also higher in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5756 | 16125469 | Vaccine efficiency was completely abolished by depletion of CD8+/CD4+ T cells from rvv-IL-2-vaccinated mice. |
| 5757 | 16125469 | We conclude that anti-tumor activities of rvv-IL-2 are due to the induction of tumor-specific CD8+ CTL and CD4+ Th1-type helper T cells, and rvv-IL-2 may be used for treatment of HNSCC patients, since SCC VII/SF closely resembles HNSCC. |
| 5758 | 16125469 | Mice bearing SCCVII/SF cells in the oral cavity were vaccinated subcutaneously with irradiated, rvv-IL-2-infected tumor cells combined with intratumoral injection of rvv-IL-2, resulting in recruitment of larger numbers of CD3+ CD8+ and CD3+ CD4+ T cells in the spleen (Sp) and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) compared to control vaccine rvv-lacZ. |
| 5759 | 16125469 | Tumor-specific CD8+ T and CD4+ helper T cell activities in the Sp and TDLN were significantly increased in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5760 | 16125469 | Sp and TDLN cells from rvv-IL-2-treated mice secreted significantly higher levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma compared to rvv-lacZ-treated mice, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were comparable. |
| 5761 | 16125469 | Numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells were also higher in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5762 | 16125469 | Vaccine efficiency was completely abolished by depletion of CD8+/CD4+ T cells from rvv-IL-2-vaccinated mice. |
| 5763 | 16125469 | We conclude that anti-tumor activities of rvv-IL-2 are due to the induction of tumor-specific CD8+ CTL and CD4+ Th1-type helper T cells, and rvv-IL-2 may be used for treatment of HNSCC patients, since SCC VII/SF closely resembles HNSCC. |
| 5764 | 16125469 | Mice bearing SCCVII/SF cells in the oral cavity were vaccinated subcutaneously with irradiated, rvv-IL-2-infected tumor cells combined with intratumoral injection of rvv-IL-2, resulting in recruitment of larger numbers of CD3+ CD8+ and CD3+ CD4+ T cells in the spleen (Sp) and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) compared to control vaccine rvv-lacZ. |
| 5765 | 16125469 | Tumor-specific CD8+ T and CD4+ helper T cell activities in the Sp and TDLN were significantly increased in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5766 | 16125469 | Sp and TDLN cells from rvv-IL-2-treated mice secreted significantly higher levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma compared to rvv-lacZ-treated mice, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were comparable. |
| 5767 | 16125469 | Numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells were also higher in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5768 | 16125469 | Vaccine efficiency was completely abolished by depletion of CD8+/CD4+ T cells from rvv-IL-2-vaccinated mice. |
| 5769 | 16125469 | We conclude that anti-tumor activities of rvv-IL-2 are due to the induction of tumor-specific CD8+ CTL and CD4+ Th1-type helper T cells, and rvv-IL-2 may be used for treatment of HNSCC patients, since SCC VII/SF closely resembles HNSCC. |
| 5770 | 16125469 | Mice bearing SCCVII/SF cells in the oral cavity were vaccinated subcutaneously with irradiated, rvv-IL-2-infected tumor cells combined with intratumoral injection of rvv-IL-2, resulting in recruitment of larger numbers of CD3+ CD8+ and CD3+ CD4+ T cells in the spleen (Sp) and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) compared to control vaccine rvv-lacZ. |
| 5771 | 16125469 | Tumor-specific CD8+ T and CD4+ helper T cell activities in the Sp and TDLN were significantly increased in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5772 | 16125469 | Sp and TDLN cells from rvv-IL-2-treated mice secreted significantly higher levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma compared to rvv-lacZ-treated mice, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were comparable. |
| 5773 | 16125469 | Numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells were also higher in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5774 | 16125469 | Vaccine efficiency was completely abolished by depletion of CD8+/CD4+ T cells from rvv-IL-2-vaccinated mice. |
| 5775 | 16125469 | We conclude that anti-tumor activities of rvv-IL-2 are due to the induction of tumor-specific CD8+ CTL and CD4+ Th1-type helper T cells, and rvv-IL-2 may be used for treatment of HNSCC patients, since SCC VII/SF closely resembles HNSCC. |
| 5776 | 16125469 | Mice bearing SCCVII/SF cells in the oral cavity were vaccinated subcutaneously with irradiated, rvv-IL-2-infected tumor cells combined with intratumoral injection of rvv-IL-2, resulting in recruitment of larger numbers of CD3+ CD8+ and CD3+ CD4+ T cells in the spleen (Sp) and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) compared to control vaccine rvv-lacZ. |
| 5777 | 16125469 | Tumor-specific CD8+ T and CD4+ helper T cell activities in the Sp and TDLN were significantly increased in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5778 | 16125469 | Sp and TDLN cells from rvv-IL-2-treated mice secreted significantly higher levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma compared to rvv-lacZ-treated mice, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were comparable. |
| 5779 | 16125469 | Numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells were also higher in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5780 | 16125469 | Vaccine efficiency was completely abolished by depletion of CD8+/CD4+ T cells from rvv-IL-2-vaccinated mice. |
| 5781 | 16125469 | We conclude that anti-tumor activities of rvv-IL-2 are due to the induction of tumor-specific CD8+ CTL and CD4+ Th1-type helper T cells, and rvv-IL-2 may be used for treatment of HNSCC patients, since SCC VII/SF closely resembles HNSCC. |
| 5782 | 16125469 | Mice bearing SCCVII/SF cells in the oral cavity were vaccinated subcutaneously with irradiated, rvv-IL-2-infected tumor cells combined with intratumoral injection of rvv-IL-2, resulting in recruitment of larger numbers of CD3+ CD8+ and CD3+ CD4+ T cells in the spleen (Sp) and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) compared to control vaccine rvv-lacZ. |
| 5783 | 16125469 | Tumor-specific CD8+ T and CD4+ helper T cell activities in the Sp and TDLN were significantly increased in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5784 | 16125469 | Sp and TDLN cells from rvv-IL-2-treated mice secreted significantly higher levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma compared to rvv-lacZ-treated mice, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were comparable. |
| 5785 | 16125469 | Numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells were also higher in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5786 | 16125469 | Vaccine efficiency was completely abolished by depletion of CD8+/CD4+ T cells from rvv-IL-2-vaccinated mice. |
| 5787 | 16125469 | We conclude that anti-tumor activities of rvv-IL-2 are due to the induction of tumor-specific CD8+ CTL and CD4+ Th1-type helper T cells, and rvv-IL-2 may be used for treatment of HNSCC patients, since SCC VII/SF closely resembles HNSCC. |
| 5788 | 16143434 | Concomitant elevations in maternal serum cytokine levels were observed including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10 and IL-12. |
| 5789 | 16148095 | Selectively impaired CD8+ but not CD4+ T cell cycle arrest during priming as a consequence of dendritic cell interaction with plasmodium-infected red cells. |
| 5790 | 16148095 | Moreover, within the naive T cell population, pRBC-treated DC were selectively deficient in priming CD8(+) but not CD4(+) T cells. |
| 5791 | 16148095 | The mechanisms underlying the inability of parasite-treated DC to prime CD8(+) T cells were explored. pRBC treatment of DC from wild-type C57BL/6, but not from IL-10 knockout animals, suppressed DC-mediated T cell priming across a Transwell, suggesting active IL-10-dependent suppression. |
| 5792 | 16148095 | The proliferation arrest was partially reversible by the addition of IL-2 or IL-7 to responder cultures. |
| 5793 | 16148095 | These results suggest that in malaria-endemic areas, priming of CD8(+) T cell responses may be more difficult to induce via vaccination than the priming of CD4(+) T cells. |
| 5794 | 16149990 | Abomasal lymph nodes and/or abomasal mucosa were collected and messenger RNA for the Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12 p40 subunit), the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15) and the Th3/Tr cytokine TGF-beta was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. |
| 5795 | 16149990 | However, following infection all calves showed a significant decrease in the Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-12 p40, and a significant increase in the Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 in the lymph nodes, compared to non-infected calves. |
| 5796 | 16149990 | In contrast, a Th2 pattern was not observed in the mucosa of the infected calves, which exhibited an increase in IFN-gamma as well as in the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 mRNA. |
| 5797 | 16151809 | Antibody, CD8(+) T cell, and tumor-protective immune responses were markedly enhanced in mice immunized to OVA + IL-2 in liposomes compared to mice immunized to OVA, either alone or encapsulated into liposomes without IL-2. |
| 5798 | 16157995 | Laboratory tests showed a high level of serum myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), as well as abnormal renal function and urinary sediment. |
| 5799 | 16162362 | This study investigated the effect of swine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and swine interleukin 4 (IL-4) on the development of immune responses induced by a PRRSV-ORF7 DNA vaccine (phCMV-ORF7). |
| 5800 | 16162362 | Groups of 3-week-old certified PRRSV-free, castrated male, Yorkshire crossbred pigs, were vaccinated with or without the IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 5801 | 16162362 | The group of swine receiving the vaccine plus IL-2 had significant virus-specific blastogenic responses 3 weeks after the vaccine-cytokine boost, when compared to those of the experimental pigs that received the vaccine plus IL-4, vaccine alone, unvaccinated controls or the pigs vaccinated with the DNA vaccine cloned in the reverse orientation (phCMV-ORF7(Rev)). |
| 5802 | 16162362 | These results demonstrate that IL-2 has a positive inductive effect on the activation of vaccine-induced virus-specific cellular immunity, while IL-4 appeared to have a suppressive effect. |
| 5803 | 16162362 | This study investigated the effect of swine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and swine interleukin 4 (IL-4) on the development of immune responses induced by a PRRSV-ORF7 DNA vaccine (phCMV-ORF7). |
| 5804 | 16162362 | Groups of 3-week-old certified PRRSV-free, castrated male, Yorkshire crossbred pigs, were vaccinated with or without the IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 5805 | 16162362 | The group of swine receiving the vaccine plus IL-2 had significant virus-specific blastogenic responses 3 weeks after the vaccine-cytokine boost, when compared to those of the experimental pigs that received the vaccine plus IL-4, vaccine alone, unvaccinated controls or the pigs vaccinated with the DNA vaccine cloned in the reverse orientation (phCMV-ORF7(Rev)). |
| 5806 | 16162362 | These results demonstrate that IL-2 has a positive inductive effect on the activation of vaccine-induced virus-specific cellular immunity, while IL-4 appeared to have a suppressive effect. |
| 5807 | 16162362 | This study investigated the effect of swine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and swine interleukin 4 (IL-4) on the development of immune responses induced by a PRRSV-ORF7 DNA vaccine (phCMV-ORF7). |
| 5808 | 16162362 | Groups of 3-week-old certified PRRSV-free, castrated male, Yorkshire crossbred pigs, were vaccinated with or without the IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 5809 | 16162362 | The group of swine receiving the vaccine plus IL-2 had significant virus-specific blastogenic responses 3 weeks after the vaccine-cytokine boost, when compared to those of the experimental pigs that received the vaccine plus IL-4, vaccine alone, unvaccinated controls or the pigs vaccinated with the DNA vaccine cloned in the reverse orientation (phCMV-ORF7(Rev)). |
| 5810 | 16162362 | These results demonstrate that IL-2 has a positive inductive effect on the activation of vaccine-induced virus-specific cellular immunity, while IL-4 appeared to have a suppressive effect. |
| 5811 | 16162362 | This study investigated the effect of swine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and swine interleukin 4 (IL-4) on the development of immune responses induced by a PRRSV-ORF7 DNA vaccine (phCMV-ORF7). |
| 5812 | 16162362 | Groups of 3-week-old certified PRRSV-free, castrated male, Yorkshire crossbred pigs, were vaccinated with or without the IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 5813 | 16162362 | The group of swine receiving the vaccine plus IL-2 had significant virus-specific blastogenic responses 3 weeks after the vaccine-cytokine boost, when compared to those of the experimental pigs that received the vaccine plus IL-4, vaccine alone, unvaccinated controls or the pigs vaccinated with the DNA vaccine cloned in the reverse orientation (phCMV-ORF7(Rev)). |
| 5814 | 16162362 | These results demonstrate that IL-2 has a positive inductive effect on the activation of vaccine-induced virus-specific cellular immunity, while IL-4 appeared to have a suppressive effect. |
| 5815 | 16164822 | On days 0, 30 and 90 a quantitative analysis was performed on lymphoproliferative responses to polyclonal mitogens, IL-2 and the specific antigen U, the production of specific serum and saliva IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies to all components of U and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. |
| 5816 | 16164822 | The highest concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 were registered at baseline followed by a decrease until the end of the observation period. |
| 5817 | 16165219 | Five groups received MLV vaccine with either bacterial endotoxin-derived adjuvant (ET), mixed open reading frame 5 (ORF5) peptides derived from various PRRSV isolates, porcine interferon alpha (IFNalpha), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized with polylysine and carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC), or porcine interleukin-12 (IL-12). |
| 5818 | 16165219 | Four-color flow cytometry was utilized to simultaneously identify three major porcine T-cell surface markers (CD4, CD8, and gammadelta TCR) and detect activation marker CD25 (alpha chain of IL-2 receptor) or intracellular IFNgamma. |
| 5819 | 16165219 | The MLV PRRSV vaccine alone successfully primed CD4(-)CD8(+)gammadelta- T-cells as demonstrated by a significant increase in %IFNgamma+ cells when live PRRSV was used as a recall antigen. |
| 5820 | 16165219 | Booster immunizations of mixed ORF5 peptides and co-administration of IL-12 with MLV PRRSV vaccine significantly enhanced IFNgamma expression by some T-cell subsets (CD4(-)CD8(+)gammadelta+ and CD4(-)CD8(-)gammadelta+ for mixed ORF5 peptides and CD4(+)CD8(+)gammadelta- and CD4(-)CD8(+)gammadelta+ for IL-12). |
| 5821 | 16165219 | Expression of IFNgamma by several T-cell subsets correlated with reduced lung lesions and viremia, whereas expression of CD25 did not. |
| 5822 | 16165219 | Expression of surface CD25 did not correlate with IFNgamma production. |
| 5823 | 16168527 | The immune responses, involved with escheriosome-sAg protection, were found to be associated with enhanced antigen specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell populations. |
| 5824 | 16168527 | Analysis of cytokine profiles in immunized animals revealed that the protective response was associated with the induction of a Th-1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) cells. |
| 5825 | 16168555 | Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that PhIP attenuated IL-2 mRNA expression in the thymocytes and EL4 cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). |
| 5826 | 16168555 | Furthermore, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that PhIP inhibited DNA binding activity of nuclear factor for immunoglobulin kappa chain in B cells (NF-kappaB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT), which are known to be responsible for IL-2 transcriptional activation. |
| 5827 | 16168555 | These results suggest that PhIP has potential immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression through down regulation of ROS generation and thereby inhibiting NF-kappaB, AP-1 and NF-AT activation. |
| 5828 | 16168555 | Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that PhIP attenuated IL-2 mRNA expression in the thymocytes and EL4 cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). |
| 5829 | 16168555 | Furthermore, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that PhIP inhibited DNA binding activity of nuclear factor for immunoglobulin kappa chain in B cells (NF-kappaB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT), which are known to be responsible for IL-2 transcriptional activation. |
| 5830 | 16168555 | These results suggest that PhIP has potential immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression through down regulation of ROS generation and thereby inhibiting NF-kappaB, AP-1 and NF-AT activation. |
| 5831 | 16168555 | Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that PhIP attenuated IL-2 mRNA expression in the thymocytes and EL4 cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). |
| 5832 | 16168555 | Furthermore, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that PhIP inhibited DNA binding activity of nuclear factor for immunoglobulin kappa chain in B cells (NF-kappaB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT), which are known to be responsible for IL-2 transcriptional activation. |
| 5833 | 16168555 | These results suggest that PhIP has potential immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression through down regulation of ROS generation and thereby inhibiting NF-kappaB, AP-1 and NF-AT activation. |
| 5834 | 16181494 | Mycobacterial immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-1 infection after antiretroviral therapy is associated with deregulated specific T-cell responses: beneficial effect of IL-2 and GM-CSF immunotherapy. |
| 5835 | 16181751 | Full-length feline B7.1 and B7.2 produced from SPV vectors were natively processed and costimulated Jurkat cells to produce IL-2, in vitro. |
| 5836 | 16181751 | Although feline sB7.1-his and sB7.2-his proteins bound to the human homolog receptors, CTLA-4 and CD28, both soluble ligands possessed greater affinity for CTLA-4, compared to CD28. |
| 5837 | 16184234 | In the case of cytokines production were observed that interferon (IFN-gamma) and interlukin (IL-2) were significantly enhanced, while IL-4 and IL-10 was almost unchanged to make comparison between primary and secondary infection at 12 Gy irradiation dose. |
| 5838 | 16184234 | Up-regulation of Th1 type cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-2 may be affected to develop vaccine by irradiated MC. |
| 5839 | 16184234 | In the case of cytokines production were observed that interferon (IFN-gamma) and interlukin (IL-2) were significantly enhanced, while IL-4 and IL-10 was almost unchanged to make comparison between primary and secondary infection at 12 Gy irradiation dose. |
| 5840 | 16184234 | Up-regulation of Th1 type cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-2 may be affected to develop vaccine by irradiated MC. |
| 5841 | 16185742 | Post-depletion, CD8 cells expanded in the presence of higher levels of neutralizing Ab and CD4 help than post-challenge and had superior maturational characteristics as measured by expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, the IL-7 receptor CD127 and co-production of IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 5842 | 16186817 | Recently activated, but not resting, CD4(+) T cells express CD154, providing costimulatory signals to B cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). |
| 5843 | 16186817 | Therefore, de novo CD154 expression after stimulation identifies antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells. |
| 5844 | 16186817 | Using this assay, we found that stimulated cells expressing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2 or interferon (IFN)-gamma were predominantly CD154(+). |
| 5845 | 16186817 | For vaccine- or pathogen-specific responses, we found substantial heterogeneity in expression of CD154 and cytokines, suggesting previously unrecognized diversity in abilities of responding cells to stimulate APCs through CD40. |
| 5846 | 16195934 | The recombinant porcine IL-2 expressed in the prokaryotic cells was found to be of 43 kDa molecular mass, which was consistent with a 17.4 kDa protein deduced from the IL-2 cDNA sequence (glutathione S-transferase molecular mass is 26 kDa); the recombinant protein in eukaryotic cells was confirmed by use of specific rabbit anti-porcine IL-2 serum in an ELISA. |
| 5847 | 16203783 | Responses to human CD40 ligand/human interleukin-2 autologous cell vaccine in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. |
| 5848 | 16210663 | Levels of expression of NK-activating receptor NKG2D and CD16 on NK cell surface were assayed in the vaccinated mice. |
| 5849 | 16210663 | Expression of NKG2D ligands, Rae1, and H60 on SCC VII/SF cells was also examined. |
| 5850 | 16210663 | NK cells from tumor-bearing mice expressed significantly lower levels of NKG2D and CD16 compared with rvv-IL-2 vaccinated mice. |
| 5851 | 16210663 | Incubation of NK cells with tumor homogenate or cultured supernatant of SCC VII/SF cells reduced the expression of NKG2D and CD16. |
| 5852 | 16210663 | SCC VII/SF tumors in the oral cavity of the mice secrete high quantities of TGF-beta1, which reduce the expression of NK cell receptor NKG2D as well as CD16 and inhibits biological functions of NK cells. |
| 5853 | 16216394 | DNA vaccine using hemagglutinating virus of Japan-liposome encapsulating combination encoding mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 and interleukin-12 confers protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by T cell activation. |
| 5854 | 16216394 | We investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccine combinations expressing mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (Hsp65) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) using gene gun bombardment and the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome method. |
| 5855 | 16216394 | A mouse IL-12 expression vector (mIL-12 DNA) encoding single-chain IL-12 proteins comprised of p40 and p35 subunits were constructed. |
| 5856 | 16216394 | In a mouse model, a single gene gun vaccination with the combination of Hsp65 DNA and mIL-12 DNA provided a remarkably high degree of protection against challenge with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis; bacterial numbers were 100-fold lower in the lungs compared to BCG-vaccinated mice. |
| 5857 | 16216394 | To explore the clinical use of the DNA vaccines, we evaluated HVJ-liposome encapsulated Hsp65 DNA and mIL-12DNA (Hsp65 + mIL-12/HVJ). |
| 5858 | 16216394 | Hsp65 + mIL-12/HVJ induced CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against Hsp65 antigen. |
| 5859 | 16216394 | Most importantly, Hsp65+mIL-12/HVJ vaccination resulted in a greater degree of protection than that evoked by BCG. |
| 5860 | 16216394 | This protective efficacy was associated with the emergence of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells and activation of proliferative T cells and cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-2) production upon stimulation with Hsp65 and antigens from M. tuberculosis. |
| 5861 | 16216394 | These results suggest that Hsp65 + IL-12/HVJ could be a promising candidate for a new tuberculosis DNA vaccine, which is superior to BCG vaccine. |
| 5862 | 16219395 | However, the alum + MDP combination afforded higher antigen-specific recall responses in splenocyte cultures, associated with elevated release of the type I immune response cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 5863 | 16224269 | Failure of vaccination with idiotypic protein or DNA, (+/-IL-2), the depletion of regulatory T cells, or the blockade of CTLA-4 to prolong dormancy in mice with BCL1 lymphoma. |
| 5864 | 16225391 | Coadministration of interleukin 2(IL-2) plasmid DNA with combined DNA vaccines enhanced Th1-type cellular responses by producing higher amounts of IFN-gamma with a higher ratio of antigen-specific IgG2a/IgG1. |
| 5865 | 16225391 | The IFN-gamma specific for Ag85B, MPT64, and MPT83 in this group was 415, 267, and 255 U/ml, respectively, and was 1.6-, 1.8-, and 2.5-fold higher than that of the same vaccine without adding IL-2. |
| 5866 | 16225391 | Fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis showed that, in the presence of IL-2, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells increased significantly, whereas in the absence of the genetic adjuvant, only a mild increase was observed for CD8+ T cells compared to the vector DNA-treated group. |
| 5867 | 16225391 | Coadministration of interleukin 2(IL-2) plasmid DNA with combined DNA vaccines enhanced Th1-type cellular responses by producing higher amounts of IFN-gamma with a higher ratio of antigen-specific IgG2a/IgG1. |
| 5868 | 16225391 | The IFN-gamma specific for Ag85B, MPT64, and MPT83 in this group was 415, 267, and 255 U/ml, respectively, and was 1.6-, 1.8-, and 2.5-fold higher than that of the same vaccine without adding IL-2. |
| 5869 | 16225391 | Fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis showed that, in the presence of IL-2, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells increased significantly, whereas in the absence of the genetic adjuvant, only a mild increase was observed for CD8+ T cells compared to the vector DNA-treated group. |
| 5870 | 16225391 | Coadministration of interleukin 2(IL-2) plasmid DNA with combined DNA vaccines enhanced Th1-type cellular responses by producing higher amounts of IFN-gamma with a higher ratio of antigen-specific IgG2a/IgG1. |
| 5871 | 16225391 | The IFN-gamma specific for Ag85B, MPT64, and MPT83 in this group was 415, 267, and 255 U/ml, respectively, and was 1.6-, 1.8-, and 2.5-fold higher than that of the same vaccine without adding IL-2. |
| 5872 | 16225391 | Fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis showed that, in the presence of IL-2, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells increased significantly, whereas in the absence of the genetic adjuvant, only a mild increase was observed for CD8+ T cells compared to the vector DNA-treated group. |
| 5873 | 16225839 | Engrafted NTA(3)-DTDA-containing PMV encapsulated cytokines such as IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF and IFN-gamma, allowing targeted delivery of both antigen and cytokine to T cells, and stimulation of antigen-specific T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. |
| 5874 | 16225839 | Importantly, use of B7.1-CD40-engrafted PMV containing IL-2 and IL-12 as a vaccine in DBA/2J mice induced protection against challenge with syngeneic tumor cells (P815 mammary mastocytoma), and regression of established tumors. |
| 5875 | 16225839 | Engrafted NTA(3)-DTDA-containing PMV encapsulated cytokines such as IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF and IFN-gamma, allowing targeted delivery of both antigen and cytokine to T cells, and stimulation of antigen-specific T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. |
| 5876 | 16225839 | Importantly, use of B7.1-CD40-engrafted PMV containing IL-2 and IL-12 as a vaccine in DBA/2J mice induced protection against challenge with syngeneic tumor cells (P815 mammary mastocytoma), and regression of established tumors. |
| 5877 | 16226782 | Here, we describe several new RV-based vaccine vehicles expressing HIV-1 Gag or envelope (Env) and murine IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 5878 | 16226782 | Cells infected with recombinant RVs expressed high levels of functional IL-2 or IL-4 in culture supernatants in addition to HIV-1 proteins. |
| 5879 | 16226782 | Here, we describe several new RV-based vaccine vehicles expressing HIV-1 Gag or envelope (Env) and murine IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 5880 | 16226782 | Cells infected with recombinant RVs expressed high levels of functional IL-2 or IL-4 in culture supernatants in addition to HIV-1 proteins. |
| 5881 | 16249392 | Immunotherapy of high-risk acute leukemia with a recipient (autologous) vaccine expressing transgenic human CD40L and IL-2 after chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. |
| 5882 | 16249392 | CD40L generates immune responses in leukemia-bearing mice, an effect that is potentiated by IL-2. |
| 5883 | 16249392 | We studied the feasibility, safety, and immunologic efficacy of an IL-2- and CD40L-expressing recipient-derived tumor vaccine consisting of leukemic blasts admixed with skin fibroblasts transduced with adenoviral vectors encoding human IL-2 (hIL-2) and hCD40L. |
| 5884 | 16249392 | Ten patients (including 7 children) with high-risk acute myeloid (n = 4) or lymphoblastic (n = 6) leukemia in cytologic remission (after allogeneic stem cell transplantation [n = 9] or chemotherapy alone [n = 1]) received up to 6 subcutaneous injections of the IL-2/CD40L vaccine. |
| 5885 | 16249392 | These leukemia-reactive T cells included both T-cytotoxic/T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 subclasses, as determined from their production of granzyme B, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-5. |
| 5886 | 16249392 | Immunotherapy of high-risk acute leukemia with a recipient (autologous) vaccine expressing transgenic human CD40L and IL-2 after chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. |
| 5887 | 16249392 | CD40L generates immune responses in leukemia-bearing mice, an effect that is potentiated by IL-2. |
| 5888 | 16249392 | We studied the feasibility, safety, and immunologic efficacy of an IL-2- and CD40L-expressing recipient-derived tumor vaccine consisting of leukemic blasts admixed with skin fibroblasts transduced with adenoviral vectors encoding human IL-2 (hIL-2) and hCD40L. |
| 5889 | 16249392 | Ten patients (including 7 children) with high-risk acute myeloid (n = 4) or lymphoblastic (n = 6) leukemia in cytologic remission (after allogeneic stem cell transplantation [n = 9] or chemotherapy alone [n = 1]) received up to 6 subcutaneous injections of the IL-2/CD40L vaccine. |
| 5890 | 16249392 | These leukemia-reactive T cells included both T-cytotoxic/T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 subclasses, as determined from their production of granzyme B, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-5. |
| 5891 | 16249392 | Immunotherapy of high-risk acute leukemia with a recipient (autologous) vaccine expressing transgenic human CD40L and IL-2 after chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. |
| 5892 | 16249392 | CD40L generates immune responses in leukemia-bearing mice, an effect that is potentiated by IL-2. |
| 5893 | 16249392 | We studied the feasibility, safety, and immunologic efficacy of an IL-2- and CD40L-expressing recipient-derived tumor vaccine consisting of leukemic blasts admixed with skin fibroblasts transduced with adenoviral vectors encoding human IL-2 (hIL-2) and hCD40L. |
| 5894 | 16249392 | Ten patients (including 7 children) with high-risk acute myeloid (n = 4) or lymphoblastic (n = 6) leukemia in cytologic remission (after allogeneic stem cell transplantation [n = 9] or chemotherapy alone [n = 1]) received up to 6 subcutaneous injections of the IL-2/CD40L vaccine. |
| 5895 | 16249392 | These leukemia-reactive T cells included both T-cytotoxic/T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 subclasses, as determined from their production of granzyme B, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-5. |
| 5896 | 16249392 | Immunotherapy of high-risk acute leukemia with a recipient (autologous) vaccine expressing transgenic human CD40L and IL-2 after chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. |
| 5897 | 16249392 | CD40L generates immune responses in leukemia-bearing mice, an effect that is potentiated by IL-2. |
| 5898 | 16249392 | We studied the feasibility, safety, and immunologic efficacy of an IL-2- and CD40L-expressing recipient-derived tumor vaccine consisting of leukemic blasts admixed with skin fibroblasts transduced with adenoviral vectors encoding human IL-2 (hIL-2) and hCD40L. |
| 5899 | 16249392 | Ten patients (including 7 children) with high-risk acute myeloid (n = 4) or lymphoblastic (n = 6) leukemia in cytologic remission (after allogeneic stem cell transplantation [n = 9] or chemotherapy alone [n = 1]) received up to 6 subcutaneous injections of the IL-2/CD40L vaccine. |
| 5900 | 16249392 | These leukemia-reactive T cells included both T-cytotoxic/T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 subclasses, as determined from their production of granzyme B, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-5. |
| 5901 | 16253404 | In order to optimize the procedure and test for its efficacy in more clinically relevant large animal models, we examined the detailed immune responses in rhesus macaques after vaccination intramuscularly with electroporation using the plasmid encoding for HBV preS(2)-S antigen and an adjuvant plasmid encoding for hIL-2 and hIFN-gamma. |
| 5902 | 16260072 | Both PHA- and FLU-induced proliferation were reduced in elderly subgroups. |
| 5903 | 16260072 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels did not change after vaccination of elderly, regardless of race. |
| 5904 | 16266314 | The secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma was also significantly increased by pgD and pMIP-1alpha co-injection; however, the production of cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 was not affected by co-injection. pgD and pMIP-1alpha co-injection resulted in a moderate enhancement of systemic gD-specific antibody level, but mucosal secretory IgA was markedly enhanced. |
| 5905 | 16270154 | The results showed that P6 (73-86 aa) generated the strongest stimulation effect on T cells among the nine candidate peptides, and drove the highest level of IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 5906 | 16272299 | These cells produced IL-2 and MIP-1alpha, but much less IL-4 and IFN-gamma than CD73- Ly6A/E+ cells. |
| 5907 | 16272299 | Restimulation of Thpp-like CD73+ Ly-6A/E- cells in Th1- or Th2-polarizing conditions induced differentiation into populations producing mainly IFN-gamma or mainly IL-4, respectively. |
| 5908 | 16272299 | In contrast, the effector-like CD73- Ly-6A/E+ population was more committed, and continued to produce both IL-4 and IFN-gamma in both conditions. |
| 5909 | 16275627 | Chlorophyllin attenuates IFN-gamma expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine splenic mononuclear cells via suppressing IL-12 production. |
| 5910 | 16275627 | RT-PCR analysis showed that LPS-activated IFN-gamma expression gradually declined by CHL treatment in a dose dependent manner while mRNA production of TNF-alpha, IL-2, and FasL was not changed. |
| 5911 | 16275627 | CHL also suppressed IL-12 production (p70, a heterodimer of p40 and p35) and the mRNA expression of IL-12 p40 and IL-12 receptors (both IL-12Rbeta1 and IL-12Rbeta2), which are involved in the induction of IFN-gamma expression. |
| 5912 | 16275627 | Furthermore, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that CHL inhibited DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB, STAT-3, and STAT-4 to their cognate DNA recognition motifs, all of which contribute to the IL-12-induced IFN-gamma transcription. |
| 5913 | 16275627 | Exogenous addition of recombinant IL-12 abrogated the inhibitory effect of CHL on IFN-gamma and its mRNA expression in LPS-activated splenocytes. |
| 5914 | 16275627 | Collectively, these results show that CHL inhibits IFN-gamma production by LPS-stimulated splenic mononuclear cells due to down-regulation of IL-12 production. |
| 5915 | 16275895 | Bovine natural killer (NK) cells were recently identified by positive selection of a NK cell-activating receptor p46 (NKp46)+ CD3- lymphocyte population, which expresses CD25 and CD8 and lyses tumor cell lines following stimulation with recombinant interleukin-2. |
| 5916 | 16275895 | In the current work, we characterize the cytotoxic/effector potential of a CD3(-)CD8(-)CD11b- population isolated through negative selection of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes. |
| 5917 | 16275895 | This population is CD25(lo)CD62(hi) when isolated and becomes CD25hiCD62L(lo) following cytokine stimulation. |
| 5918 | 16275895 | Activated bovine NK cells increase expression of granulysin, interferon-gamma, and perforin and have cytotoxic activity against human tumor cells and Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin-infected alveolar and monocyte-derived macrophages. |
| 5919 | 16275895 | Expression of a bovine homologue of the CD56 neural adhesion molecule expressed by human NK cells was detected in mRNA from brain tissue but was not detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or purified NK cell mRNA. |
| 5920 | 16275895 | Analysis of mRNA from nonstimulated peripheral blood NK cells demonstrates the constitutive expression of homologues of human NK receptors NKp46, CD244, and CD94 and the granule proteins granulysin and perforin. |
| 5921 | 16275895 | Phorbol ester-stimulated CD8+ T cells also expressed CD244 and CD94, and CD4+ T cells expressed CD94. |
| 5922 | 16279537 | The generation of ripe dendrite cells (DC) of marrow origin was obtained with the use of the vaccine Immunovac-BN-4, an immunomodulator of microbial origin, as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae LPS and TNF-alpha, as ripening inducers. |
| 5923 | 16279537 | The immunophenotype of cells altered from CD34+, CD38-, CD40-, CD80-, CD86-, MHC I-, MHC II-, F4/80- to CD34-, CD38+, CD40+, CD80+, MHC I+, MHC II+, F4/ 80(low). |
| 5924 | 16279537 | In culture medium with ripe DC the levels of such cytokines as IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha significantly increased and the production of IL-4 decreased. |
| 5925 | 16279537 | The content of IL-2 and IL-10 remained unchanged. |
| 5926 | 16286158 | Vaccines containing the ginseng-fraction Rb1 induced serum-detectable amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 as early as 24h after primary injection that was confirmed in sera collected at 24 and 72 h post re-vaccination. |
| 5927 | 16286158 | Five weeks after booster, immune lymphocytes were still producing large amounts of cytokines including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha and the antibody titres were still similar to those titres recorded 1 week post booster. |
| 5928 | 16299302 | In addition, spleen cells from rOmp31-immunized mice produced interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon, but not IL-10 or IL-4, after in vitro stimulation with rOmp31, suggesting the induction of a T helper 1 (Th1) response. |
| 5929 | 16299302 | In vitro T-cell subset depletion indicated that rOmp31 immunization elicited specific CD4+ T cells that secrete IL-2 and gamma interferon, while CD8+ T cells induced cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activity. |
| 5930 | 16299302 | In vivo depletion of T-cell subsets showed that the rOmp31-elicited protection against B. melitensis infection is mediated by CD4+ T cells while the contribution of CD8+ T cells may be limited. |
| 5931 | 16299302 | In addition, spleen cells from rOmp31-immunized mice produced interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon, but not IL-10 or IL-4, after in vitro stimulation with rOmp31, suggesting the induction of a T helper 1 (Th1) response. |
| 5932 | 16299302 | In vitro T-cell subset depletion indicated that rOmp31 immunization elicited specific CD4+ T cells that secrete IL-2 and gamma interferon, while CD8+ T cells induced cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activity. |
| 5933 | 16299302 | In vivo depletion of T-cell subsets showed that the rOmp31-elicited protection against B. melitensis infection is mediated by CD4+ T cells while the contribution of CD8+ T cells may be limited. |
| 5934 | 16301632 | Peripheral tolerance is maintained in part by thymically derived CD25+CD4+ T cells (regulatory T cells (Tregs)). |
| 5935 | 16301632 | Visualization of this time frame, using a sensitive single-cell assay for IL-2, revealed the early elaboration of target cell IL-2 producers in the first 6 h despite the presence of CD25+CD4+ Tregs. |
| 5936 | 16301632 | Modulating target T cell activation signals with provision of CD28, IL-2, or high Ag dose all abrogated suppression of proliferation late in culture. |
| 5937 | 16301632 | However, only CD28 signals enabled target T cells to resist the early Treg-induced down-regulation of IL-2. |
| 5938 | 16301632 | Peripheral tolerance is maintained in part by thymically derived CD25+CD4+ T cells (regulatory T cells (Tregs)). |
| 5939 | 16301632 | Visualization of this time frame, using a sensitive single-cell assay for IL-2, revealed the early elaboration of target cell IL-2 producers in the first 6 h despite the presence of CD25+CD4+ Tregs. |
| 5940 | 16301632 | Modulating target T cell activation signals with provision of CD28, IL-2, or high Ag dose all abrogated suppression of proliferation late in culture. |
| 5941 | 16301632 | However, only CD28 signals enabled target T cells to resist the early Treg-induced down-regulation of IL-2. |
| 5942 | 16301632 | Peripheral tolerance is maintained in part by thymically derived CD25+CD4+ T cells (regulatory T cells (Tregs)). |
| 5943 | 16301632 | Visualization of this time frame, using a sensitive single-cell assay for IL-2, revealed the early elaboration of target cell IL-2 producers in the first 6 h despite the presence of CD25+CD4+ Tregs. |
| 5944 | 16301632 | Modulating target T cell activation signals with provision of CD28, IL-2, or high Ag dose all abrogated suppression of proliferation late in culture. |
| 5945 | 16301632 | However, only CD28 signals enabled target T cells to resist the early Treg-induced down-regulation of IL-2. |
| 5946 | 16305402 | A ten-fold lower dose (0.5 microg instead of 5 microg) of CpG ODN in nanoparticles was adequate to obtain levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 comparable to those observed following immunisations in saline. |
| 5947 | 16306607 | Following boosting with live attenuated virus, control of Deltanef replication was superior in SIV-DNA-primed macaques versus vector-DNA-primed macaques and was correlated with higher levels of CD8+/gamma-interferon-positive and/or interleukin-2-positive cells. |
| 5948 | 16308572 | In this study, we investigated whether elimination of CD4+/CD25+ Tregs using the recombinant IL-2 diphtheria toxin conjugate DAB(389)IL-2 (also known as denileukin diftitox and ONTAK) is capable of enhancing the immunostimulatory efficacy of tumor RNA-transfected DC vaccines. |
| 5949 | 16314006 | Specific IgG prevents enteroinvasive Escherichia coli/Salmonella typhi-induced diarrhea and may exert an effective protection by enhancing splenic NK cell activity, elevating IL-2 level and inhibiting excessive release of TNF-alpha in mice. |
| 5950 | 16321447 | Cloning of fox (Vulpes vulpes) Il2, Il6, Il10 and IFNgamma and analysis of their expression by quantitative RT-PCR in fox PBMC after in vitro stimulation by Concanavalin A. |
| 5951 | 16321447 | First, we cloned by homology with dog cytokine sequences the fox IL2, IL6, IL10, IFNgamma and a partial 18S sequence. |
| 5952 | 16321447 | Cloning of fox (Vulpes vulpes) Il2, Il6, Il10 and IFNgamma and analysis of their expression by quantitative RT-PCR in fox PBMC after in vitro stimulation by Concanavalin A. |
| 5953 | 16321447 | First, we cloned by homology with dog cytokine sequences the fox IL2, IL6, IL10, IFNgamma and a partial 18S sequence. |
| 5954 | 16339537 | IL-2 regulates perforin and granzyme gene expression in CD8+ T cells independently of its effects on survival and proliferation. |
| 5955 | 16339537 | We show in this study that IL-2 increased the expression of perforin and granzyme A, B, and C mRNA; intracellular granzyme B protein levels; and cytolytic function in a dose-dependent manner during primary activation of murine CD8+ T cells in vitro. |
| 5956 | 16339537 | First, IL-2 enhancement of perforin and granzyme expression was equivalent in CD8+ T cells from wild-type and bcl-2 transgenic mice, although only the latter cells survived in low concentrations or the absence of added IL-2. |
| 5957 | 16339537 | This property of bcl-2 transgenic T cells also allowed the demonstration that induction of granzyme A, B, and C mRNA and granzyme B protein required exogenous IL-2, whereas induction of perforin and IFN-gamma expression did not. |
| 5958 | 16339537 | Together, these findings indicate that IL-2 can directly regulate perforin and granzyme gene expression in CD8+ T cells independently of its effects on cell survival and proliferation. |
| 5959 | 16339537 | IL-2 regulates perforin and granzyme gene expression in CD8+ T cells independently of its effects on survival and proliferation. |
| 5960 | 16339537 | We show in this study that IL-2 increased the expression of perforin and granzyme A, B, and C mRNA; intracellular granzyme B protein levels; and cytolytic function in a dose-dependent manner during primary activation of murine CD8+ T cells in vitro. |
| 5961 | 16339537 | First, IL-2 enhancement of perforin and granzyme expression was equivalent in CD8+ T cells from wild-type and bcl-2 transgenic mice, although only the latter cells survived in low concentrations or the absence of added IL-2. |
| 5962 | 16339537 | This property of bcl-2 transgenic T cells also allowed the demonstration that induction of granzyme A, B, and C mRNA and granzyme B protein required exogenous IL-2, whereas induction of perforin and IFN-gamma expression did not. |
| 5963 | 16339537 | Together, these findings indicate that IL-2 can directly regulate perforin and granzyme gene expression in CD8+ T cells independently of its effects on cell survival and proliferation. |
| 5964 | 16339537 | IL-2 regulates perforin and granzyme gene expression in CD8+ T cells independently of its effects on survival and proliferation. |
| 5965 | 16339537 | We show in this study that IL-2 increased the expression of perforin and granzyme A, B, and C mRNA; intracellular granzyme B protein levels; and cytolytic function in a dose-dependent manner during primary activation of murine CD8+ T cells in vitro. |
| 5966 | 16339537 | First, IL-2 enhancement of perforin and granzyme expression was equivalent in CD8+ T cells from wild-type and bcl-2 transgenic mice, although only the latter cells survived in low concentrations or the absence of added IL-2. |
| 5967 | 16339537 | This property of bcl-2 transgenic T cells also allowed the demonstration that induction of granzyme A, B, and C mRNA and granzyme B protein required exogenous IL-2, whereas induction of perforin and IFN-gamma expression did not. |
| 5968 | 16339537 | Together, these findings indicate that IL-2 can directly regulate perforin and granzyme gene expression in CD8+ T cells independently of its effects on cell survival and proliferation. |
| 5969 | 16339537 | IL-2 regulates perforin and granzyme gene expression in CD8+ T cells independently of its effects on survival and proliferation. |
| 5970 | 16339537 | We show in this study that IL-2 increased the expression of perforin and granzyme A, B, and C mRNA; intracellular granzyme B protein levels; and cytolytic function in a dose-dependent manner during primary activation of murine CD8+ T cells in vitro. |
| 5971 | 16339537 | First, IL-2 enhancement of perforin and granzyme expression was equivalent in CD8+ T cells from wild-type and bcl-2 transgenic mice, although only the latter cells survived in low concentrations or the absence of added IL-2. |
| 5972 | 16339537 | This property of bcl-2 transgenic T cells also allowed the demonstration that induction of granzyme A, B, and C mRNA and granzyme B protein required exogenous IL-2, whereas induction of perforin and IFN-gamma expression did not. |
| 5973 | 16339537 | Together, these findings indicate that IL-2 can directly regulate perforin and granzyme gene expression in CD8+ T cells independently of its effects on cell survival and proliferation. |
| 5974 | 16339537 | IL-2 regulates perforin and granzyme gene expression in CD8+ T cells independently of its effects on survival and proliferation. |
| 5975 | 16339537 | We show in this study that IL-2 increased the expression of perforin and granzyme A, B, and C mRNA; intracellular granzyme B protein levels; and cytolytic function in a dose-dependent manner during primary activation of murine CD8+ T cells in vitro. |
| 5976 | 16339537 | First, IL-2 enhancement of perforin and granzyme expression was equivalent in CD8+ T cells from wild-type and bcl-2 transgenic mice, although only the latter cells survived in low concentrations or the absence of added IL-2. |
| 5977 | 16339537 | This property of bcl-2 transgenic T cells also allowed the demonstration that induction of granzyme A, B, and C mRNA and granzyme B protein required exogenous IL-2, whereas induction of perforin and IFN-gamma expression did not. |
| 5978 | 16339537 | Together, these findings indicate that IL-2 can directly regulate perforin and granzyme gene expression in CD8+ T cells independently of its effects on cell survival and proliferation. |
| 5979 | 16353546 | This type of response involves participation of alveolar macrophages and T CD4+, CD8+ and T gammadelta lymphocytes, and production of cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-alpha, as well as chemokines such as RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha and IL-8 which play an important role in the migration of different cell subpopulations to the infection site for the formation of granulome. |
| 5980 | 16369009 | Gerbils vaccinated with CpG-ODN and Gal-lectin also had significantly higher levels of gamma interferon, interleukin-12 (IL-12), and IL-2 mRNA than controls. |
| 5981 | 16375942 | Th1 CD4 T cell responses were also detected in VP6-immunized animals based on high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 found after in vitro VP6 stimulation of spleen cells. |
| 5982 | 16388819 | Rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of T-cell responses in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving successful HAART and HIV-1 sero-negative controls: concomitant assessment of perforin, IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion. |
| 5983 | 16388819 | We describe here for the first time a perforin-release ELIspot assay which, when used in combination with IFN-gamma and IL-4 ELIspots, permits rapid assessment of these functional parameters for antigen-specific T cells. |
| 5984 | 16388819 | Tetanus toxoid stimulation was associated with moderate perforin release and a predominantly type-2 IL-4 producing response, whilst herpes simplex virus antigen stimulation resulted in perforin release but only a weak type-1 IFN-gamma response. |
| 5985 | 16388819 | Cytokines IL-2 and IL-12/IL-15 induced perforin release coupled with an IFN-gamma type-1 response. |
| 5986 | 16388819 | Perforin release strongly correlated with IFN-gamma production to individual influenza, Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus MHC class I restricted peptides, in an HIV-1 sero-negative cohort, indicating a cytolytic type-1 CD8+ T-cell response. |
| 5987 | 16388819 | Evaluation of immunogenicity and putative efficacy of candidate vaccines using IFN-gamma will not be as informative alone as when combined with perforin and IL-4 evaluations, which allow assessment of specific cytotoxic potential without extensive cell culture. |
| 5988 | 16397274 | Tumor-derived interleukin-4 reduces tumor clearance and deviates the cytokine and granzyme profile of tumor-induced CD8+ T cells. |
| 5989 | 16397274 | An interleukin (IL)-4-containing tumor environment is reported to be beneficial for immune clearance of tumor cells in vivo; however, the effect of IL-4 on the effector CD8+ T cells contributing to tumor clearance is not well defined. |
| 5990 | 16397274 | We have used the immunogenic HLA-CW3-expressing P815 (P.CW3) mastocytoma and investigated whether IL-4 expression by the tumor affects tumor clearance and, if so, whether it alters the tumor-induced Vbeta10+ CD8+ T-cell response. |
| 5991 | 16397274 | P.CW3 were stably transfected with IL-4 or the empty control vector, and independent cell lines were injected i.p. into syngeneic DBA/2 mice. |
| 5992 | 16397274 | The IL-4-secreting P.CW3 tumor cells led to markedly higher mRNA expression of IL-4 and granzyme A and B but no differences in IFN-gamma and IL-2 production, cell proliferation, or ex vivo CTL activity in primary Vbeta10+ CD8+ T cells when compared with the control tumor cells. |
| 5993 | 16397274 | We concluded that tumor-derived IL-4 selectively changed the quality of the tumor-induced CD8+ T-cell response and resulted in unexpected negative effects on tumor clearance. |
| 5994 | 16406172 | Noteworthy, also an induced temporary release of cytokines including IFNgamma and IL-2, indicative for T-cell activation, was measured. |
| 5995 | 16409137 | Checkpoints being targeted include CTLA-4 and PD1 that are negative signaling receptors expressed on activated T cells, CD4+CD25+ Foxp3-expressing Tregs (suppressor T cells), IL-2-mediated activation-induced cell death (AICD), and the cytokine TGFbeta. |
| 5996 | 16415106 | Transfer of regulatory T cells generated ex vivo modifies graft rejection through induction of tolerogenic CD4+CD25+ cells in the recipient. |
| 5997 | 16415106 | Certain CD4+CD25+ T cells can induce and maintain T-cell non-responsiveness to donor alloantigens and have therapeutic potential in solid organ transplantation. |
| 5998 | 16415106 | Peripheral CD4+CD25- cells alloactivated with IL-2 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) ex vivo express the transcription factor FoxP3, and become potent antigen-specific CD4+CD25- suppressor cells. |
| 5999 | 16415106 | Here we report that the transfer of TGF-beta-induced regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Tregs) co-incident with transplantation of a histoincompatible heart resulted in extended allograft survival. |
| 6000 | 16415106 | To account for this result, we injected non-transplanted mice with a single dose of CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs and transferred donor cells every 2 weeks to mimic the continuous stimulation of a transplant. |
| 6001 | 16415106 | We observed increased splenic CD4+CD25+ cells that were of recipient origin. |
| 6002 | 16415106 | Both the increased number of CD4+CD25+ cells and their tolerogenic effect were dependent on continued donor antigen boosting. |
| 6003 | 16417908 | Different response requirements for IFNgamma production in ELISPOT assays by CD4+ T cells from mice early and late after immunization. |
| 6004 | 16417908 | The present study focused on detecting changes in production of IFNgamma by CD4+ T cells over time during chronic antigen exposure. |
| 6005 | 16417908 | To assay the CD4+ T cell response to HBcAg, splenocytes from immunized mice were restimulated with rHBcAg for 24 or 48 h in vitro and tested for IFNgamma and IL-5 secreting cells by ELISPOT. |
| 6006 | 16417908 | This delay in IFNgamma production was related to the availability of IL-2, since addition of IL-2 allowed the delayed cells from late responses to develop peak IFNgamma production in vitro by 24 h, equivalent to that of cells from early responses. |
| 6007 | 16417908 | This IL-2 dependent delay occurred in Th1-type IFNgamma responses but not in Th2-type IL-5 responses. |
| 6008 | 16417908 | These observations indicate that, when detecting IFNgamma secreting cells it is important to screen responses at different times of restimulation or in the presence and absence of IL-2 to ensure optimal detection. |
| 6009 | 16417908 | Different response requirements for IFNgamma production in ELISPOT assays by CD4+ T cells from mice early and late after immunization. |
| 6010 | 16417908 | The present study focused on detecting changes in production of IFNgamma by CD4+ T cells over time during chronic antigen exposure. |
| 6011 | 16417908 | To assay the CD4+ T cell response to HBcAg, splenocytes from immunized mice were restimulated with rHBcAg for 24 or 48 h in vitro and tested for IFNgamma and IL-5 secreting cells by ELISPOT. |
| 6012 | 16417908 | This delay in IFNgamma production was related to the availability of IL-2, since addition of IL-2 allowed the delayed cells from late responses to develop peak IFNgamma production in vitro by 24 h, equivalent to that of cells from early responses. |
| 6013 | 16417908 | This IL-2 dependent delay occurred in Th1-type IFNgamma responses but not in Th2-type IL-5 responses. |
| 6014 | 16417908 | These observations indicate that, when detecting IFNgamma secreting cells it is important to screen responses at different times of restimulation or in the presence and absence of IL-2 to ensure optimal detection. |
| 6015 | 16417908 | Different response requirements for IFNgamma production in ELISPOT assays by CD4+ T cells from mice early and late after immunization. |
| 6016 | 16417908 | The present study focused on detecting changes in production of IFNgamma by CD4+ T cells over time during chronic antigen exposure. |
| 6017 | 16417908 | To assay the CD4+ T cell response to HBcAg, splenocytes from immunized mice were restimulated with rHBcAg for 24 or 48 h in vitro and tested for IFNgamma and IL-5 secreting cells by ELISPOT. |
| 6018 | 16417908 | This delay in IFNgamma production was related to the availability of IL-2, since addition of IL-2 allowed the delayed cells from late responses to develop peak IFNgamma production in vitro by 24 h, equivalent to that of cells from early responses. |
| 6019 | 16417908 | This IL-2 dependent delay occurred in Th1-type IFNgamma responses but not in Th2-type IL-5 responses. |
| 6020 | 16417908 | These observations indicate that, when detecting IFNgamma secreting cells it is important to screen responses at different times of restimulation or in the presence and absence of IL-2 to ensure optimal detection. |
| 6021 | 16423399 | After lymphocytes were stimulated with 10mug/ml purified N antigen, The CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of N and M plus N group were increased compared with those of control groups, and the M protein could augment the activation of lymphocytes induced by N DNA vaccine. |
| 6022 | 16423399 | Cytokine ELISA analysis revealed that co-injection of M could enhance the levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2 release induced by N antigen. |
| 6023 | 16424174 | Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 6024 | 16424174 | Mouse and human CD4 T cells primed during an immune response may differentiate into effector phenotypes such as Th1 (secreting IFN-gamma) or Th2 (secreting IL-4) that mediate effective immunity against different classes of pathogen. |
| 6025 | 16424174 | However, primed CD4 T cells can also remain uncommitted, secreting IL-2 and chemokines, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 6026 | 16424174 | We now show that human CD4 T cells primed by protein vaccines mostly secreted IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, whereas in the same individuals most CD4 T cells initially primed by infection with live pathogens secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 6027 | 16424174 | We further demonstrate that many tetanus-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- cells are uncommitted and that a single IL-2+IFN-gamma- cell can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes following in vitro stimulation under appropriate polarizing conditions. |
| 6028 | 16424174 | In contrast, influenza-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- CD4 cells maintained a Th1-like phenotype even under Th2-polarizing conditions. |
| 6029 | 16424174 | Similarly, adoptively transferred OTII transgenic mouse T cells secreted mainly IL-2 after priming with OVA in alum, but were biased toward IFN-gamma secretion when primed with the same OVA peptide presented as a pathogen Ag during live infection. |
| 6030 | 16424174 | Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 6031 | 16424174 | Mouse and human CD4 T cells primed during an immune response may differentiate into effector phenotypes such as Th1 (secreting IFN-gamma) or Th2 (secreting IL-4) that mediate effective immunity against different classes of pathogen. |
| 6032 | 16424174 | However, primed CD4 T cells can also remain uncommitted, secreting IL-2 and chemokines, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 6033 | 16424174 | We now show that human CD4 T cells primed by protein vaccines mostly secreted IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, whereas in the same individuals most CD4 T cells initially primed by infection with live pathogens secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 6034 | 16424174 | We further demonstrate that many tetanus-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- cells are uncommitted and that a single IL-2+IFN-gamma- cell can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes following in vitro stimulation under appropriate polarizing conditions. |
| 6035 | 16424174 | In contrast, influenza-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- CD4 cells maintained a Th1-like phenotype even under Th2-polarizing conditions. |
| 6036 | 16424174 | Similarly, adoptively transferred OTII transgenic mouse T cells secreted mainly IL-2 after priming with OVA in alum, but were biased toward IFN-gamma secretion when primed with the same OVA peptide presented as a pathogen Ag during live infection. |
| 6037 | 16424174 | Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 6038 | 16424174 | Mouse and human CD4 T cells primed during an immune response may differentiate into effector phenotypes such as Th1 (secreting IFN-gamma) or Th2 (secreting IL-4) that mediate effective immunity against different classes of pathogen. |
| 6039 | 16424174 | However, primed CD4 T cells can also remain uncommitted, secreting IL-2 and chemokines, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 6040 | 16424174 | We now show that human CD4 T cells primed by protein vaccines mostly secreted IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, whereas in the same individuals most CD4 T cells initially primed by infection with live pathogens secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 6041 | 16424174 | We further demonstrate that many tetanus-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- cells are uncommitted and that a single IL-2+IFN-gamma- cell can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes following in vitro stimulation under appropriate polarizing conditions. |
| 6042 | 16424174 | In contrast, influenza-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- CD4 cells maintained a Th1-like phenotype even under Th2-polarizing conditions. |
| 6043 | 16424174 | Similarly, adoptively transferred OTII transgenic mouse T cells secreted mainly IL-2 after priming with OVA in alum, but were biased toward IFN-gamma secretion when primed with the same OVA peptide presented as a pathogen Ag during live infection. |
| 6044 | 16424174 | Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 6045 | 16424174 | Mouse and human CD4 T cells primed during an immune response may differentiate into effector phenotypes such as Th1 (secreting IFN-gamma) or Th2 (secreting IL-4) that mediate effective immunity against different classes of pathogen. |
| 6046 | 16424174 | However, primed CD4 T cells can also remain uncommitted, secreting IL-2 and chemokines, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 6047 | 16424174 | We now show that human CD4 T cells primed by protein vaccines mostly secreted IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, whereas in the same individuals most CD4 T cells initially primed by infection with live pathogens secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 6048 | 16424174 | We further demonstrate that many tetanus-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- cells are uncommitted and that a single IL-2+IFN-gamma- cell can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes following in vitro stimulation under appropriate polarizing conditions. |
| 6049 | 16424174 | In contrast, influenza-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- CD4 cells maintained a Th1-like phenotype even under Th2-polarizing conditions. |
| 6050 | 16424174 | Similarly, adoptively transferred OTII transgenic mouse T cells secreted mainly IL-2 after priming with OVA in alum, but were biased toward IFN-gamma secretion when primed with the same OVA peptide presented as a pathogen Ag during live infection. |
| 6051 | 16424174 | Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 6052 | 16424174 | Mouse and human CD4 T cells primed during an immune response may differentiate into effector phenotypes such as Th1 (secreting IFN-gamma) or Th2 (secreting IL-4) that mediate effective immunity against different classes of pathogen. |
| 6053 | 16424174 | However, primed CD4 T cells can also remain uncommitted, secreting IL-2 and chemokines, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 6054 | 16424174 | We now show that human CD4 T cells primed by protein vaccines mostly secreted IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, whereas in the same individuals most CD4 T cells initially primed by infection with live pathogens secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 6055 | 16424174 | We further demonstrate that many tetanus-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- cells are uncommitted and that a single IL-2+IFN-gamma- cell can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes following in vitro stimulation under appropriate polarizing conditions. |
| 6056 | 16424174 | In contrast, influenza-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- CD4 cells maintained a Th1-like phenotype even under Th2-polarizing conditions. |
| 6057 | 16424174 | Similarly, adoptively transferred OTII transgenic mouse T cells secreted mainly IL-2 after priming with OVA in alum, but were biased toward IFN-gamma secretion when primed with the same OVA peptide presented as a pathogen Ag during live infection. |
| 6058 | 16424174 | Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 6059 | 16424174 | Mouse and human CD4 T cells primed during an immune response may differentiate into effector phenotypes such as Th1 (secreting IFN-gamma) or Th2 (secreting IL-4) that mediate effective immunity against different classes of pathogen. |
| 6060 | 16424174 | However, primed CD4 T cells can also remain uncommitted, secreting IL-2 and chemokines, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 6061 | 16424174 | We now show that human CD4 T cells primed by protein vaccines mostly secreted IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, whereas in the same individuals most CD4 T cells initially primed by infection with live pathogens secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 6062 | 16424174 | We further demonstrate that many tetanus-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- cells are uncommitted and that a single IL-2+IFN-gamma- cell can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes following in vitro stimulation under appropriate polarizing conditions. |
| 6063 | 16424174 | In contrast, influenza-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- CD4 cells maintained a Th1-like phenotype even under Th2-polarizing conditions. |
| 6064 | 16424174 | Similarly, adoptively transferred OTII transgenic mouse T cells secreted mainly IL-2 after priming with OVA in alum, but were biased toward IFN-gamma secretion when primed with the same OVA peptide presented as a pathogen Ag during live infection. |
| 6065 | 16424205 | IL-21 is an IL-2-like cytokine, signaling through a specific IL-21R and the IL-2R gamma-chain. |
| 6066 | 16424205 | We tested whether the low therapeutic outcome might be due to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) present in TS/A-pc tumors and draining lymph nodes and whether IL-21 had any effect on these cells. |
| 6067 | 16424205 | Indeed, CD4+CD25+ cells suppressed IFN-gamma production by splenocytes from immune mice in response to stimulation by the AH1 peptide. |
| 6068 | 16424205 | Low concentrations of IL-21 (10 ng/ml) failed to reverse the inhibitory activity of CD4+CD25+ cells in an allogeneic MLR, whereas 60 ng/ml rIL-21 partially restored responder T cell proliferation. |
| 6069 | 16424205 | Successful combined immunotherapy required NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and IFN-gamma. |
| 6070 | 16425132 | Ten weeks after vaccination of neonates, percutaneous Japanese BCG had induced significantly higher frequencies of BCG-specific interferon- gamma -producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in BCG-stimulated whole blood than did intradermal Danish BCG. |
| 6071 | 16425132 | Similarly, percutaneous vaccination with Japanese BCG resulted in significantly greater secretion of the T helper 1-type cytokines interferon- gamma, tumor necrosis factor- alpha , and interleukin-2; significantly lower secretion of the T helper 2-type cytokine interleukin-4; and greater CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation. |
| 6072 | 16425224 | In this study, the treatment with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) vaccine induced an infiltration of T cells into the tumor site as well as the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-2, and delayed lung metastases of tumor, but the tumor progression nonetheless occur finally. |
| 6073 | 16425224 | To complement these findings, we investigated the gene expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by Real-time PCR analysis, which revealed that the expression of TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 by TIL in the mice treated with HSP70 vaccine in combination with sPD-1 was increased and the expression of negative regulatory molecules IL-10, TGF-beta and foxp3 was decreased, demonstrating that multifunctional properties afforded by the combination therapy can effectively overcome tumor resistance and promote effective antitumor immunity. |
| 6074 | 16425224 | In this study, the treatment with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) vaccine induced an infiltration of T cells into the tumor site as well as the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-2, and delayed lung metastases of tumor, but the tumor progression nonetheless occur finally. |
| 6075 | 16425224 | To complement these findings, we investigated the gene expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by Real-time PCR analysis, which revealed that the expression of TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 by TIL in the mice treated with HSP70 vaccine in combination with sPD-1 was increased and the expression of negative regulatory molecules IL-10, TGF-beta and foxp3 was decreased, demonstrating that multifunctional properties afforded by the combination therapy can effectively overcome tumor resistance and promote effective antitumor immunity. |
| 6076 | 16425996 | Asymptomatic, antiretroviral-treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients with CD4(+) T-cell counts greater than 400/microl received multiple intramuscular injections of HIV-1 IIIB recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp160) vaccine or HIV-1 MN recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp120) vaccine (eight patients, referred to as the HIV-1 vaccinees) or placebo or hepatitis B vaccine (three patients, referred to as the controls). |
| 6077 | 16425996 | In flow cytometric analyses of intracellular cytokines, T-cell receptor stimulation with an anti-CD3 antibody induced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) expression by activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes at greater frequencies than did stimulation with recombinant envelope glycoprotein and p24 of HIV-1 (P < 0.05). |
| 6078 | 16425996 | Mean frequencies of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-stimulated, activated intra-cellular IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes and of interleukin-2-producing CD4(+) lymphocytes did not increase after vaccination, but cytokine-producing cells were detectable in some patients. |
| 6079 | 16425996 | Comparing pre- to post-HIV-1 vaccination time points, changes in frequencies of activated, IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) cells correlated inversely with changes in lymphocyte proliferation in response to recombinant envelope glycoprotein in HIV-1 vaccinees (P < 0.05). |
| 6080 | 16442639 | This approach generated immortalized antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell lines that maintained strictly IL-2-dependent growth and HLA-restricted, antigen-specific responsiveness, some of which have been in continuous culture for longer than 1 year, far in excess of the survival of parallel control non-immortalized cultures. |
| 6081 | 16446012 | The immune-stimulating activity was studied by measuring anti-HBsAg titre, secretory IgA level in serum, vaginal, nasal and salivary secretions (mucosal secretions) and cytokine level (interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)) in spleen homogenates following nasal administration of modified PLGA microspheres in Balb/c mice and compared with alum-HBsAg vaccine injected subcutaneously. |
| 6082 | 16446171 | Evaluation of Brucella abortus DNA vaccine by expression of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase antigen fused to IL-2. |
| 6083 | 16446171 | The Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) antigen of Brucella abortus was previously identified to be a T cell antigen which induces both proliferation of and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion by T cells from infected mice. |
| 6084 | 16446171 | In this study, we evaluated the effect of delivering IL-2 on the efficacy of SOD DNA vaccine by generating a plasmid (pSecTag-SOD-IL2) that codes for a secretory fusion protein of SOD and IL-2. |
| 6085 | 16446171 | Upon in vitro stimulation with recombinant SOD (rSOD) antigen, T cells from mice immunized with pSecTag-SOD-IL2, in comparison with those from mice immunized with pSecTag-SOD, exhibited a lower proliferation response but produced significantly higher concentrations of IFN-gamma. |
| 6086 | 16446171 | These results suggest that a SOD DNA vaccine fused to IL2 did not improve protection efficacy. |
| 6087 | 16446171 | Evaluation of Brucella abortus DNA vaccine by expression of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase antigen fused to IL-2. |
| 6088 | 16446171 | The Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) antigen of Brucella abortus was previously identified to be a T cell antigen which induces both proliferation of and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion by T cells from infected mice. |
| 6089 | 16446171 | In this study, we evaluated the effect of delivering IL-2 on the efficacy of SOD DNA vaccine by generating a plasmid (pSecTag-SOD-IL2) that codes for a secretory fusion protein of SOD and IL-2. |
| 6090 | 16446171 | Upon in vitro stimulation with recombinant SOD (rSOD) antigen, T cells from mice immunized with pSecTag-SOD-IL2, in comparison with those from mice immunized with pSecTag-SOD, exhibited a lower proliferation response but produced significantly higher concentrations of IFN-gamma. |
| 6091 | 16446171 | These results suggest that a SOD DNA vaccine fused to IL2 did not improve protection efficacy. |
| 6092 | 16446171 | Evaluation of Brucella abortus DNA vaccine by expression of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase antigen fused to IL-2. |
| 6093 | 16446171 | The Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) antigen of Brucella abortus was previously identified to be a T cell antigen which induces both proliferation of and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion by T cells from infected mice. |
| 6094 | 16446171 | In this study, we evaluated the effect of delivering IL-2 on the efficacy of SOD DNA vaccine by generating a plasmid (pSecTag-SOD-IL2) that codes for a secretory fusion protein of SOD and IL-2. |
| 6095 | 16446171 | Upon in vitro stimulation with recombinant SOD (rSOD) antigen, T cells from mice immunized with pSecTag-SOD-IL2, in comparison with those from mice immunized with pSecTag-SOD, exhibited a lower proliferation response but produced significantly higher concentrations of IFN-gamma. |
| 6096 | 16446171 | These results suggest that a SOD DNA vaccine fused to IL2 did not improve protection efficacy. |
| 6097 | 16467198 | Here, we assess the quality of the HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell response by measuring 5 CD8(+) T-cell functions (degranulation, IFN-gamma, MIP-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-2) simultaneously in chronically HIV-infected individuals and elite nonprogressors. |
| 6098 | 16477768 | In intensified-diet calves, percentages of CD4+ expressing interleukin-2 receptor increased and percentages of gamma delta TCR+ cells expressing interleukin-2 receptor decreased with time. |
| 6099 | 16477768 | Percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells expressing MHC class II antigen, were unaffected by diet or age. |
| 6100 | 16478885 | Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ T cells control virus-specific memory T cells in chimpanzees that recovered from hepatitis C. |
| 6101 | 16478885 | CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells have been implicated in HCV persistence because their frequency is increased in the blood of HCV-infected patients and their in vitro depletion results in increased IFN-gamma production by HCV-specific T cells. |
| 6102 | 16478885 | Studying a well-characterized cohort of 16 chimpanzees, the sole animal model for HCV infection, we here demonstrate that the frequency of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (T(Regs)) and the extent of suppression was as high in spontaneously HCV-recovered chimpanzees as in persistently HCV-infected chimpanzees. |
| 6103 | 16478885 | Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T(Regs) suppressed IFN-gamma production, expansion, and activation-induced cell death of HCV-specific T cells after recovery from HCV infection and in persistent HCV infection. |
| 6104 | 16478885 | However, Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T(Reg) cells of both HCV-recovered and HCV-infected chimpanzees differed from Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+)T(Reg) cells of HCV-naive chimpanzees in increased IL-2 responsiveness and lower T-cell receptor excision circle content, implying a history of in vivo proliferation. |
| 6105 | 16478885 | This result suggests that HCV infection alters the population of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T(Reg) cells. |
| 6106 | 16490926 | In contrast, the co-administration of GM-CSF DNA enhanced the T cell-mediated immunity biased to the Th1-type, as judged by the significantly higher level of cytokine IL-2 and IFN-gamma production but not IL-4. |
| 6107 | 16494975 | Furthermore, flow cytometric analyses showed elevated numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes expressing IFN-gamma and IL-2 against the ESAT-6 peptides, suggesting a specific Th1-mediated response. |
| 6108 | 16495544 | Two and 4 months after challenge, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, lung tissue affected by pneumonia, CFU, T-cell counts, and cytokine expression (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-10, and gamma interferon) were determined. |
| 6109 | 16505141 | DEC-205-targeted HIV gag p24 or p41 induces stronger CD4+ T cell immunity relative to high doses of gag protein, HIV gag plasmid DNA, or recombinant adenovirus-gag. |
| 6110 | 16505141 | High frequencies of interferon (IFN)-gamma- and interleukin 2-producing CD4+ T cells are elicited, including double cytokine-producing cells. |
| 6111 | 16505141 | After subcutaneous vaccination, CD4+ and IFN-gamma-dependent protection develops to a challenge with recombinant vaccinia-gag virus at a mucosal surface, the airway. |
| 6112 | 16512177 | The increase in the detected significant immunological parameters (total IgE, IgG, IL-2, CD4+, CD8+, and CB16+ cells) was ascertained to supplement the traditional methods for tuberculin diagnosis. |
| 6113 | 16516674 | Therapies under investigation include topical retinoids, fusion molecules like denileukin diftitox, pegylated interferon, interleukin-2, and interleukin-12. |
| 6114 | 16522814 | We found that while SIV-specific T-cell responses are detectable in the majority of animals, their magnitude and breadth are, in fact, lower than what has been described in HIV-infected humans, both in terms of cytokine production (ie, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2) and degranulation (ie, CD107a expression). |
| 6115 | 16552042 | Immunization with CyaA-85A or CyaA-ESAT-6 in the absence of any adjuvant induced strong antigen-specific lymphoproliferative, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) cytokine responses, in the absence of any IL-4 or IL-5 production. |
| 6116 | 16556474 | Mutant Escherichia coli enterotoxin as a mucosal adjuvant induces specific Th1 responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to nasal killed-bacillus calmette-guerin in mice. |
| 6117 | 16556474 | Spleen cells, particularly CD4+ T cells among them produced IL-2, IFNgamma and TNFalpha in response to the killed-BCG or purified protein derivatives. |
| 6118 | 16556474 | CD8+ T cells including cytotoxic T lymphocytes produced IFNgamma and TNFalpha. |
| 6119 | 16556474 | CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produce cytokines effective for tuberculosis. |
| 6120 | 16563545 | Moreover, p24/PLA nanoparticles elicited strong CTL responses and a Th1-biased cytokine release (IFNgamma, IL-2) in mice. p24 protein seemed to generate a more Th1-oriented response when administered coated onto the surface of PLA nanoparticles than adjuvanted with Freund's adjuvant. |
| 6121 | 16563545 | Most importantly, the ability of p24/PLA particles to induce Th1 responses was also confirmed in the macaque model, since high levels of IFNgamma-producing CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells could be detected by the ELISPOT assay. |
| 6122 | 16580736 | CD28 and ICOS: similar or separate costimulators of T cells? |
| 6123 | 16580736 | Numerous studies have revealed that the B7.1/B7.2-CD28 and B7RP-1-ICOS (Inducible COStimulator) pathways provide crucial costimulatory signals to T cells. |
| 6124 | 16580736 | This comparison between CD28 an ICOS after initiation of T cell activation demonstrates that both CD28 and ICOS function similarly during expansion, survival and differentiation of T cells and that both CD28 and ICOS are necessary for proper IgG responses. |
| 6125 | 16580736 | The major differences between CD28 and ICOS are differences in expression of both receptors and ligands, and the fact that CD28 induces IL-2 production, whereas ICOS does not. |
| 6126 | 16580736 | In addition, ICOS is more potent in the induction of IL-10 production, a cytokine important for suppressive function of T regulatory cells. |
| 6127 | 16585561 | We have investigated how IFN-alphabeta induces cross-priming, comparing CD8+ T cell responses generated against soluble protein Ags in the presence or absence of IFN-alphabeta. |
| 6128 | 16585561 | Injection of IFN-alpha was found to prolong the proliferation and expansion of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, which was associated with marked up-regulation of IL-2 and IL-15 receptors on Ag-specific cells and expression of IL-15 in the draining lymph node. |
| 6129 | 16585561 | Surprisingly, neither IL-2 nor IL-15 was required for IFN-alpha-induced cross-priming. |
| 6130 | 16585561 | We have investigated how IFN-alphabeta induces cross-priming, comparing CD8+ T cell responses generated against soluble protein Ags in the presence or absence of IFN-alphabeta. |
| 6131 | 16585561 | Injection of IFN-alpha was found to prolong the proliferation and expansion of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, which was associated with marked up-regulation of IL-2 and IL-15 receptors on Ag-specific cells and expression of IL-15 in the draining lymph node. |
| 6132 | 16585561 | Surprisingly, neither IL-2 nor IL-15 was required for IFN-alpha-induced cross-priming. |
| 6133 | 16585571 | Engagement of CD28 outside of the immunological synapse results in up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA stability but not IL-2 transcription. |
| 6134 | 16585571 | During T cell activation by APC, CD28 is colocalized with TCR in the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC) region of the immunological synapse. |
| 6135 | 16585571 | CD28 signaling through PI3K results in the recruitment of protein kinase C (PKC)theta to the cSMAC, activation of NF-kappaB, and induction of IL-2 transcription. |
| 6136 | 16585571 | To test this model we have examined the mechanism of CD28-mediated induction of IL-2 secretion when CD28 is engaged outside of the immunological synapse. |
| 6137 | 16585571 | CD4 T cells were stimulated with Ag presented by B7-negative APC and CD28 costimulation was provided in trans by anti-CD28-coated beads or by class II-negative, B7-positive cells. |
| 6138 | 16585571 | We show that induction of IL-2 secretion under these conditions did not require expression of PKCtheta and did not induce NF-kappaB activation or IL-2 transcription. |
| 6139 | 16585571 | In contrast, CD28 costimulation in trans did induce IL-2 mRNA stability, accounting for the up-regulation of IL-2 secretion. |
| 6140 | 16585571 | These data indicate that the ability of CD28 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription requires colocalization of TCR and CD28 at the plasma membrane, possibly within the cSMAC of the immunological synapse. |
| 6141 | 16585571 | In contrast, the ability of CD28 to promote IL-2 mRNA stability can be transduced from a distal site from the TCR, suggesting that signal integration occurs downstream from the plasma membrane. |
| 6142 | 16585571 | Engagement of CD28 outside of the immunological synapse results in up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA stability but not IL-2 transcription. |
| 6143 | 16585571 | During T cell activation by APC, CD28 is colocalized with TCR in the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC) region of the immunological synapse. |
| 6144 | 16585571 | CD28 signaling through PI3K results in the recruitment of protein kinase C (PKC)theta to the cSMAC, activation of NF-kappaB, and induction of IL-2 transcription. |
| 6145 | 16585571 | To test this model we have examined the mechanism of CD28-mediated induction of IL-2 secretion when CD28 is engaged outside of the immunological synapse. |
| 6146 | 16585571 | CD4 T cells were stimulated with Ag presented by B7-negative APC and CD28 costimulation was provided in trans by anti-CD28-coated beads or by class II-negative, B7-positive cells. |
| 6147 | 16585571 | We show that induction of IL-2 secretion under these conditions did not require expression of PKCtheta and did not induce NF-kappaB activation or IL-2 transcription. |
| 6148 | 16585571 | In contrast, CD28 costimulation in trans did induce IL-2 mRNA stability, accounting for the up-regulation of IL-2 secretion. |
| 6149 | 16585571 | These data indicate that the ability of CD28 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription requires colocalization of TCR and CD28 at the plasma membrane, possibly within the cSMAC of the immunological synapse. |
| 6150 | 16585571 | In contrast, the ability of CD28 to promote IL-2 mRNA stability can be transduced from a distal site from the TCR, suggesting that signal integration occurs downstream from the plasma membrane. |
| 6151 | 16585571 | Engagement of CD28 outside of the immunological synapse results in up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA stability but not IL-2 transcription. |
| 6152 | 16585571 | During T cell activation by APC, CD28 is colocalized with TCR in the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC) region of the immunological synapse. |
| 6153 | 16585571 | CD28 signaling through PI3K results in the recruitment of protein kinase C (PKC)theta to the cSMAC, activation of NF-kappaB, and induction of IL-2 transcription. |
| 6154 | 16585571 | To test this model we have examined the mechanism of CD28-mediated induction of IL-2 secretion when CD28 is engaged outside of the immunological synapse. |
| 6155 | 16585571 | CD4 T cells were stimulated with Ag presented by B7-negative APC and CD28 costimulation was provided in trans by anti-CD28-coated beads or by class II-negative, B7-positive cells. |
| 6156 | 16585571 | We show that induction of IL-2 secretion under these conditions did not require expression of PKCtheta and did not induce NF-kappaB activation or IL-2 transcription. |
| 6157 | 16585571 | In contrast, CD28 costimulation in trans did induce IL-2 mRNA stability, accounting for the up-regulation of IL-2 secretion. |
| 6158 | 16585571 | These data indicate that the ability of CD28 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription requires colocalization of TCR and CD28 at the plasma membrane, possibly within the cSMAC of the immunological synapse. |
| 6159 | 16585571 | In contrast, the ability of CD28 to promote IL-2 mRNA stability can be transduced from a distal site from the TCR, suggesting that signal integration occurs downstream from the plasma membrane. |
| 6160 | 16585571 | Engagement of CD28 outside of the immunological synapse results in up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA stability but not IL-2 transcription. |
| 6161 | 16585571 | During T cell activation by APC, CD28 is colocalized with TCR in the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC) region of the immunological synapse. |
| 6162 | 16585571 | CD28 signaling through PI3K results in the recruitment of protein kinase C (PKC)theta to the cSMAC, activation of NF-kappaB, and induction of IL-2 transcription. |
| 6163 | 16585571 | To test this model we have examined the mechanism of CD28-mediated induction of IL-2 secretion when CD28 is engaged outside of the immunological synapse. |
| 6164 | 16585571 | CD4 T cells were stimulated with Ag presented by B7-negative APC and CD28 costimulation was provided in trans by anti-CD28-coated beads or by class II-negative, B7-positive cells. |
| 6165 | 16585571 | We show that induction of IL-2 secretion under these conditions did not require expression of PKCtheta and did not induce NF-kappaB activation or IL-2 transcription. |
| 6166 | 16585571 | In contrast, CD28 costimulation in trans did induce IL-2 mRNA stability, accounting for the up-regulation of IL-2 secretion. |
| 6167 | 16585571 | These data indicate that the ability of CD28 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription requires colocalization of TCR and CD28 at the plasma membrane, possibly within the cSMAC of the immunological synapse. |
| 6168 | 16585571 | In contrast, the ability of CD28 to promote IL-2 mRNA stability can be transduced from a distal site from the TCR, suggesting that signal integration occurs downstream from the plasma membrane. |
| 6169 | 16585571 | Engagement of CD28 outside of the immunological synapse results in up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA stability but not IL-2 transcription. |
| 6170 | 16585571 | During T cell activation by APC, CD28 is colocalized with TCR in the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC) region of the immunological synapse. |
| 6171 | 16585571 | CD28 signaling through PI3K results in the recruitment of protein kinase C (PKC)theta to the cSMAC, activation of NF-kappaB, and induction of IL-2 transcription. |
| 6172 | 16585571 | To test this model we have examined the mechanism of CD28-mediated induction of IL-2 secretion when CD28 is engaged outside of the immunological synapse. |
| 6173 | 16585571 | CD4 T cells were stimulated with Ag presented by B7-negative APC and CD28 costimulation was provided in trans by anti-CD28-coated beads or by class II-negative, B7-positive cells. |
| 6174 | 16585571 | We show that induction of IL-2 secretion under these conditions did not require expression of PKCtheta and did not induce NF-kappaB activation or IL-2 transcription. |
| 6175 | 16585571 | In contrast, CD28 costimulation in trans did induce IL-2 mRNA stability, accounting for the up-regulation of IL-2 secretion. |
| 6176 | 16585571 | These data indicate that the ability of CD28 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription requires colocalization of TCR and CD28 at the plasma membrane, possibly within the cSMAC of the immunological synapse. |
| 6177 | 16585571 | In contrast, the ability of CD28 to promote IL-2 mRNA stability can be transduced from a distal site from the TCR, suggesting that signal integration occurs downstream from the plasma membrane. |
| 6178 | 16585571 | Engagement of CD28 outside of the immunological synapse results in up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA stability but not IL-2 transcription. |
| 6179 | 16585571 | During T cell activation by APC, CD28 is colocalized with TCR in the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC) region of the immunological synapse. |
| 6180 | 16585571 | CD28 signaling through PI3K results in the recruitment of protein kinase C (PKC)theta to the cSMAC, activation of NF-kappaB, and induction of IL-2 transcription. |
| 6181 | 16585571 | To test this model we have examined the mechanism of CD28-mediated induction of IL-2 secretion when CD28 is engaged outside of the immunological synapse. |
| 6182 | 16585571 | CD4 T cells were stimulated with Ag presented by B7-negative APC and CD28 costimulation was provided in trans by anti-CD28-coated beads or by class II-negative, B7-positive cells. |
| 6183 | 16585571 | We show that induction of IL-2 secretion under these conditions did not require expression of PKCtheta and did not induce NF-kappaB activation or IL-2 transcription. |
| 6184 | 16585571 | In contrast, CD28 costimulation in trans did induce IL-2 mRNA stability, accounting for the up-regulation of IL-2 secretion. |
| 6185 | 16585571 | These data indicate that the ability of CD28 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription requires colocalization of TCR and CD28 at the plasma membrane, possibly within the cSMAC of the immunological synapse. |
| 6186 | 16585571 | In contrast, the ability of CD28 to promote IL-2 mRNA stability can be transduced from a distal site from the TCR, suggesting that signal integration occurs downstream from the plasma membrane. |
| 6187 | 16585571 | Engagement of CD28 outside of the immunological synapse results in up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA stability but not IL-2 transcription. |
| 6188 | 16585571 | During T cell activation by APC, CD28 is colocalized with TCR in the central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC) region of the immunological synapse. |
| 6189 | 16585571 | CD28 signaling through PI3K results in the recruitment of protein kinase C (PKC)theta to the cSMAC, activation of NF-kappaB, and induction of IL-2 transcription. |
| 6190 | 16585571 | To test this model we have examined the mechanism of CD28-mediated induction of IL-2 secretion when CD28 is engaged outside of the immunological synapse. |
| 6191 | 16585571 | CD4 T cells were stimulated with Ag presented by B7-negative APC and CD28 costimulation was provided in trans by anti-CD28-coated beads or by class II-negative, B7-positive cells. |
| 6192 | 16585571 | We show that induction of IL-2 secretion under these conditions did not require expression of PKCtheta and did not induce NF-kappaB activation or IL-2 transcription. |
| 6193 | 16585571 | In contrast, CD28 costimulation in trans did induce IL-2 mRNA stability, accounting for the up-regulation of IL-2 secretion. |
| 6194 | 16585571 | These data indicate that the ability of CD28 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription requires colocalization of TCR and CD28 at the plasma membrane, possibly within the cSMAC of the immunological synapse. |
| 6195 | 16585571 | In contrast, the ability of CD28 to promote IL-2 mRNA stability can be transduced from a distal site from the TCR, suggesting that signal integration occurs downstream from the plasma membrane. |
| 6196 | 16596628 | Expression of both Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) was enhanced after DNA vaccination as compared to controls, with a bias towards Th1 response. |
| 6197 | 16616574 | Immunization with MIC1 and MIC4 induces protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. |
| 6198 | 16616574 | In this work, we evaluated the protective effect encountered in C57BL/6 mice immunized with MIC1 and MIC4 purified from soluble tachyzoite antigens by affinity to immobilized lactose. |
| 6199 | 16616574 | MIC1/4-stimulated spleen cells from immunized mice produced IL-2, IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-10, but not IL-4, suggesting the induction of a polarized Th1 type immune response. |
| 6200 | 16616574 | Our data demonstrate that MIC1 and MIC4 triggered a protective response against toxoplasmosis, and that these antigens are targets for the further development of a vaccine. |
| 6201 | 16621176 | Naïve splenocytes produced high levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 after incubation with LPS+ sonicate, while cells incubated with LPS- sonicate did not. |
| 6202 | 16621176 | Mice immunized with LPS+ sonicate developed a prominent innate response characterized by increased TNF-alpha and IL-10, as well as a strong antigen specific Th1 response including, IFN-gamma, IL-2 and high IgG2a serum titers. |
| 6203 | 16621176 | Mice that received LPS- sonicate were strongly Th2 biased in their immune response, with significantly more IL-4 than IFN-gamma and serum IgG1 titers higher than IgG2a. |
| 6204 | 16641286 | Neonatal mice immunized intranasally with VP6/LT(R192G) were unprotected at 10 days postimmunization (dpi) and had no detectable rotavirus B-cell (antibody) or CD4(+) CD8(+) T-cell (rotavirus-inducible, Th1 [gamma interferon and interleukin-2 {IL-2}]-, Th2 [IL-5 and IL-4]-, or ThIL-17 [IL-17]-producing spleen cells) responses. |
| 6205 | 16690096 | In this study, we found that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from fully recovered SARS individuals rapidly produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 following stimulation with a pool of overlapping peptides that cover the entire N protein sequence. |
| 6206 | 16690096 | The N-specific IFN-gamma(+)CD4(+) T cells were mainly composed of CD45RA(-)CCR7(+)CD62L(-) cells, whereas IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) memory T cells were mostly contained within CD45RA(+)CCR7(-)CD62L(-) cell population. |
| 6207 | 16691294 | IL-15 induces CD4 effector memory T cell production and tissue emigration in nonhuman primates. |
| 6208 | 16691294 | Here, we demonstrate that IL-15 dramatically increases in vivo proliferation of rhesus macaque (RM) CD4+ and CD8+ T EM cells with little effect on the naive or central memory T (T CM) cell subsets, a response pattern that is quite distinct from that of either IL-2 or IL-7. |
| 6209 | 16691294 | In RMs with uncontrolled SIV infection and highly activated immune systems, IL-15 did not significantly increase CD4+ T EM cell proliferation, but with virologic control and concomitant reduction in immune activation by ART, IL-15 responsiveness was again observed. |
| 6210 | 16691294 | These data suggest that therapeutic use of IL-15 in the setting of ART might facilitate specific restoration of the CD4 + T cell compartment that is the primary target of HIV with less risk of exhausting precursor T cell compartments or generating potentially deleterious regulatory subsets. |
| 6211 | 16697684 | BLS-KETc1 also increased the levels of transcription of TNF-alpha, IL-2 and IFNgamma in Peyer's patches, and in spleen, only increased TNF-alpha was observed. |
| 6212 | 16698679 | To assess GM-CSF immune accessory effects in tumor-bearing mice, an animal tumor model was established by inoculating SP2/0 myeloma cells s.c. into the flank of Balb/c mice and 14 days later, injecting either 400 mug recombinant pcDNA3.1/mGM-CSF or a blank plasmid s.c. or i.m. into the tumor four times. |
| 6213 | 16698679 | The tumor weight, the activities of CTL and NK, the serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and lymphocytes infiltrating in tumor tissue were analysed 8 weeks later with MTT, ELISA and pathological section methods. |
| 6214 | 16698679 | In addition, the serum concentrations of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and the activities of CTL and NK cells were significantly increased in mice injected with pcDNA3.1/mGM-CSF compared with a control mice (P < 0.01). |
| 6215 | 16698679 | To assess GM-CSF immune accessory effects in tumor-bearing mice, an animal tumor model was established by inoculating SP2/0 myeloma cells s.c. into the flank of Balb/c mice and 14 days later, injecting either 400 mug recombinant pcDNA3.1/mGM-CSF or a blank plasmid s.c. or i.m. into the tumor four times. |
| 6216 | 16698679 | The tumor weight, the activities of CTL and NK, the serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and lymphocytes infiltrating in tumor tissue were analysed 8 weeks later with MTT, ELISA and pathological section methods. |
| 6217 | 16698679 | In addition, the serum concentrations of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and the activities of CTL and NK cells were significantly increased in mice injected with pcDNA3.1/mGM-CSF compared with a control mice (P < 0.01). |
| 6218 | 16710741 | Our results showed that vaccination with CRT180/HPV6bE7 or CRT120/HPV6bE7 enhanced the presence of CD8(+) T cells and TCRgammadelta T cells in vivo, increased the specific lysis activity against E7-expressing cells and secretion levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by activating T cells in vitro significantly. |
| 6219 | 16712895 | Levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) seemed to inversely correlate with interferon-gamma responses. |
| 6220 | 16712895 | IL-2, IL-4 or transforming growth factor-beta responses were not detected at any time for neither of the vaccines. |
| 6221 | 16712895 | These results indicated a strong involvement of IFN-gamma, and maybe IL-10, in the development of immunity against PRRS virus. |
| 6222 | 16734116 | On the other hand, 20-30% of the schistosomiasis resistant individuals showed detectable levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma after stimulation with SmCaR, and 59% of them showed had anti SmCaR IgM specific antibodies. |
| 6223 | 16762359 | Using this method, we directly identify differences in IL-2 production capacity by CD62L(hi)- and CD62L(lo)-expressing antigen-specific memory CD8 T cell populations. |
| 6224 | 16772043 | Combined IL-21 and low-dose IL-2 therapy induces anti-tumor immunity and long-term curative effects in a murine melanoma tumor model. |
| 6225 | 16779722 | The J8R(11-19)-specific CTL line and CTL clone exerted physiologically relevant functions as they recognized VV-infected lymphoblastoid JY cells or autologous B lymphoblastoid cell lines, and the cytolytic activity was accompanied by the production of interferon- gamma , tumor necrosis factor- alpha , and interleukin-2. |
| 6226 | 16787189 | Studies in small animal model systems have shown that ex vivo transduction of irradiated tumor cells with amplicon vectors encoding immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL-2 or GM-CSF can elicit protective responses against a tumor challenge. |
| 6227 | 16787246 | Others target the HIV coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4, and are now in clinical trials. |
| 6228 | 16787246 | Also under development are novel agents that target the HIV integrase and HIV regulatory gene products as well as immunomodulators such as IL-12 and IL-2. |
| 6229 | 16790792 | In order to quantify in vivo the mRNAs of cytokines which play important roles in leptospirosis, we have developed quantitative real-time PCR assays for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor beta, and two housekeeping genes (encoding beta-actin and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase). |
| 6230 | 16790792 | In this kinetic study, there was pronounced expression of Th1 cytokine mRNA (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-12), with transcripts being detected as early as 1 h postinfection. |
| 6231 | 16790792 | Expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, was prominent in delayed samples from 1 to 4 days postinfection in response to infection with Leptospira interrogans. |
| 6232 | 16815096 | The spleen tissues from guinea pigs vaccinated with recombinant BCG Tokyo or Ag85A DNA expressed IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA at significantly high levels (p<0.001) as evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. |
| 6233 | 16830050 | Two agents, DAB389IL-2 (ONTAKTM) targeting the interleukin-2 receptor and CD33-calicheamicin (Mylotarg), have been approved by the FDA for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), respectively. |
| 6234 | 16847165 | The CD4+ T helper cell is critical with animal models demonstrating that cure is associated with strong IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-12 responses in the absence of classical Th2 cytokines or IL-10. |
| 6235 | 16868550 | The biology of interleukin-2 and interleukin-15: implications for cancer therapy and vaccine design. |
| 6236 | 16868550 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-15 have pivotal roles in the control of the life and death of lymphocytes. |
| 6237 | 16868550 | The biology of interleukin-2 and interleukin-15: implications for cancer therapy and vaccine design. |
| 6238 | 16868550 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-15 have pivotal roles in the control of the life and death of lymphocytes. |
| 6239 | 16872726 | The adjuvant RLJ-NE-299A up-regulated remarkably the expression of Th1 cytokines IL-2, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF alpha and Th2 cytokine IL-4 in lymph node cell cultures after 2 weeks of primary immunization with HBsAg. |
| 6240 | 16887240 | Immunologic synergism with IL-2 and effects of cCHMIs on mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in chicken peripheral T lymphocyte. |
| 6241 | 16887240 | After cultivation of 7h, the expression of IL-2 mRNA in the cell, 24h, IFN-gamma mRNA, were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay. |
| 6242 | 16887240 | The results showed that two cCHMIs, whether single or cooperative injection with IL-2, could significantly raise the antibody titers, while immunologic synergisms of two cCHMIs with IL-2 were unconspicuous. cCHMs 1 at three doses and cCHMIs 2 at high dose could remarkably promote the expression of IL-2 mRNA in chicken T lymphocyte, two cCHMIs at three doses, the expression of IFN-gamma mRNA, which could explain why the immunologic synergism of cCHMIs with IL-2 was not obvious. |
| 6243 | 16887240 | Immunologic synergism with IL-2 and effects of cCHMIs on mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in chicken peripheral T lymphocyte. |
| 6244 | 16887240 | After cultivation of 7h, the expression of IL-2 mRNA in the cell, 24h, IFN-gamma mRNA, were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay. |
| 6245 | 16887240 | The results showed that two cCHMIs, whether single or cooperative injection with IL-2, could significantly raise the antibody titers, while immunologic synergisms of two cCHMIs with IL-2 were unconspicuous. cCHMs 1 at three doses and cCHMIs 2 at high dose could remarkably promote the expression of IL-2 mRNA in chicken T lymphocyte, two cCHMIs at three doses, the expression of IFN-gamma mRNA, which could explain why the immunologic synergism of cCHMIs with IL-2 was not obvious. |
| 6246 | 16887240 | Immunologic synergism with IL-2 and effects of cCHMIs on mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in chicken peripheral T lymphocyte. |
| 6247 | 16887240 | After cultivation of 7h, the expression of IL-2 mRNA in the cell, 24h, IFN-gamma mRNA, were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay. |
| 6248 | 16887240 | The results showed that two cCHMIs, whether single or cooperative injection with IL-2, could significantly raise the antibody titers, while immunologic synergisms of two cCHMIs with IL-2 were unconspicuous. cCHMs 1 at three doses and cCHMIs 2 at high dose could remarkably promote the expression of IL-2 mRNA in chicken T lymphocyte, two cCHMIs at three doses, the expression of IFN-gamma mRNA, which could explain why the immunologic synergism of cCHMIs with IL-2 was not obvious. |
| 6249 | 16887241 | In the present study DnaJ (HSP40) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has been evaluated for its immunogenicity and efficacy in protecting mice against lethal challenge by S. enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. |
| 6250 | 16887241 | Further there was an appreciable increase in IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma production in lymphocytes isolated from immunised mice as compared to control. |
| 6251 | 16907905 | These family strains have developed mechanisms that modulate/suppress immune responses by the host, such as inhibition of apoptosis of infected macrophages, diminished production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and elevated levels of IL-10 and IL-18. |
| 6252 | 16927109 | Further developments such as treatment with recombinant cytokines (especially IL-2 and GM-CSF), specific blockade of neoplastic signal transduction and vaccination are the central issues in current research. |
| 6253 | 16938461 | The genes investigated were those that code for interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1R, IL-1RA, IL-4RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 6254 | 16938461 | Analyses of the data identified TGF-beta codon 25 GG (92.85% vs. 64.44%, p=0.04, OR=7.17), IL-4 -1098 GG (16.6% vs. 0.0%, p=0.05, OR=18.33), IL-10 -1082 GG (28.5% vs. 6.8%, p=0.05, OR=5.47), and IL-10 -1082 GCC/GCC (28.57% vs. 4.5%, p=0.025, OR=8.4) polymorphisms as risk factors for progression of bladder cancer. |
| 6255 | 16943292 | We have recently shown that survival in plasmid DNA-primed/recombinant adenovirus-boosted rhesus monkeys that are challenged with the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 is associated with the preservation postchallenge of central memory CD4(+) T lymphocytes and robust gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing SIV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte responses. |
| 6256 | 16943292 | We show that the preservation of the SIV-specific central memory CD8(+) T-lymphocyte population and a linked SIV-specific CD4(+) T-lymphocyte response are associated with prolonged survival in vaccinated monkeys following challenge. |
| 6257 | 16943292 | Furthermore, we demonstrate that SIV-specific IFN-gamma-, tumor necrosis factor alpha-, and interleukin-2-producing T lymphocytes are all comparably associated with protection against disease progression. |
| 6258 | 16945454 | Salviae co-administration significantly enhanced IFN-gamma and IL-2 cytokine producing splenocytes while ginseng induced high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine producing cells after challenge infection. |
| 6259 | 16945454 | Cells expressing an early activation marker CD69 and levels of a pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were highly elevated in lungs from naïve mice during challenge virus infection, which might be a mechanism in lung inflammation leading to death. |
| 6260 | 16945454 | In contrast, immunized mice that were co-administered ginseng or Salviae modulated CD69 expressing immune cells, did not produce IL-6, and showed significant enhancement of influenza virus specific IgA antibody in lungs after challenge virus infection. |
| 6261 | 16950547 | Rd significantly enhanced the interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4, and IL-10 mRNA expression in mice splenocyte induced by Con A. |
| 6262 | 16956640 | Profiles of cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and TGF-beta in immunized mice showed a naive T-cells bias to Th1 and Th3 polarization. |
| 6263 | 16966412 | Effector phenotype is usually identified by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production, but interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been specifically linked to the differentiation of memory cells. |
| 6264 | 16966412 | Here, IFN-gamma- and IL-2-secreting effector cells were identified by an ex vivo ELISPOT assay 1 week after vaccination and compared with the resting memory responses detected by a cultured ELISPOT assay 3 months later. |
| 6265 | 16966412 | Furthermore, both early IFN-gamma and IL-2 production independently predicted subsequent memory responses at 3 months in malaria-naïve volunteers, but only IFN-gamma predicted memory in malaria-exposed volunteers. |
| 6266 | 16966412 | Effector phenotype is usually identified by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production, but interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been specifically linked to the differentiation of memory cells. |
| 6267 | 16966412 | Here, IFN-gamma- and IL-2-secreting effector cells were identified by an ex vivo ELISPOT assay 1 week after vaccination and compared with the resting memory responses detected by a cultured ELISPOT assay 3 months later. |
| 6268 | 16966412 | Furthermore, both early IFN-gamma and IL-2 production independently predicted subsequent memory responses at 3 months in malaria-naïve volunteers, but only IFN-gamma predicted memory in malaria-exposed volunteers. |
| 6269 | 16966412 | Effector phenotype is usually identified by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production, but interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been specifically linked to the differentiation of memory cells. |
| 6270 | 16966412 | Here, IFN-gamma- and IL-2-secreting effector cells were identified by an ex vivo ELISPOT assay 1 week after vaccination and compared with the resting memory responses detected by a cultured ELISPOT assay 3 months later. |
| 6271 | 16966412 | Furthermore, both early IFN-gamma and IL-2 production independently predicted subsequent memory responses at 3 months in malaria-naïve volunteers, but only IFN-gamma predicted memory in malaria-exposed volunteers. |
| 6272 | 16966494 | This report demonstrates that the B box domain induces phenotypic maturation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) as evidenced by increased CD86, CD40 and MHC-II expression. |
| 6273 | 16966494 | The B box domain enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines: IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-8, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not IL-6 and IL-10. |
| 6274 | 16966494 | Furthermore, four peptides whose sequences correspond to different regions of HMGB1 induced production of IL-1beta, IL-2 and IL-12 (p70), but not IL-10 and IL-6 in mouse BM-DCs. |
| 6275 | 16966494 | Interestingly, these peptides differed in their capacity to induce TNF-alpha, IL-5, IL-18 and IL-8. |
| 6276 | 16966494 | This report demonstrates that the B box domain induces phenotypic maturation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) as evidenced by increased CD86, CD40 and MHC-II expression. |
| 6277 | 16966494 | The B box domain enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines: IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-8, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not IL-6 and IL-10. |
| 6278 | 16966494 | Furthermore, four peptides whose sequences correspond to different regions of HMGB1 induced production of IL-1beta, IL-2 and IL-12 (p70), but not IL-10 and IL-6 in mouse BM-DCs. |
| 6279 | 16966494 | Interestingly, these peptides differed in their capacity to induce TNF-alpha, IL-5, IL-18 and IL-8. |
| 6280 | 16968412 | Transwell assays indicated that the maximal PEC cytotoxicity required both direct cell-cell contact and soluble factors such as interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. |
| 6281 | 16968412 | Neutralizing endogenous cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, IL-18, IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha reduced PEC cytotoxicity by 38%, 22%, 15% and 94%, respectively. |
| 6282 | 16968412 | Compared with control BCG for PEC stimulation, rBCGs expressing IL-2 or IL-18 showed enhanced MBT-2 cell killing by PECs. |
| 6283 | 16968412 | Increased cytokine production (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-6) was also observed in rBCG-stimulated PEC cultures. |
| 6284 | 16970676 | Furthermore, CpG ODN enhanced the production of TNF-alpha and Th1-mediated cytokines, including IFN-gamma and IL-2 compared with JE vaccine alone. |
| 6285 | 16971432 | Interestingly, the mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in the respiratory compartment could be restored in aged mice primed with the IL-2-expressing virus to magnitudes similar to those in young adult mice. |
| 6286 | 16971432 | The immunomodulating effect of locally expressed IL-2 also gave rise to a systemic CD8(+) T-cell and distant urogenital IgA response in young adult mice, but this effect was less distinct in aged mice. |
| 6287 | 16971432 | Importantly, only mice immunized with the recombinant IL-2 virus were completely protected from a pathogenic wild-type virus challenge and revealed a stronger onset of virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell recall response. |
| 6288 | 16971432 | Interestingly, the mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in the respiratory compartment could be restored in aged mice primed with the IL-2-expressing virus to magnitudes similar to those in young adult mice. |
| 6289 | 16971432 | The immunomodulating effect of locally expressed IL-2 also gave rise to a systemic CD8(+) T-cell and distant urogenital IgA response in young adult mice, but this effect was less distinct in aged mice. |
| 6290 | 16971432 | Importantly, only mice immunized with the recombinant IL-2 virus were completely protected from a pathogenic wild-type virus challenge and revealed a stronger onset of virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell recall response. |
| 6291 | 16971432 | Interestingly, the mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in the respiratory compartment could be restored in aged mice primed with the IL-2-expressing virus to magnitudes similar to those in young adult mice. |
| 6292 | 16971432 | The immunomodulating effect of locally expressed IL-2 also gave rise to a systemic CD8(+) T-cell and distant urogenital IgA response in young adult mice, but this effect was less distinct in aged mice. |
| 6293 | 16971432 | Importantly, only mice immunized with the recombinant IL-2 virus were completely protected from a pathogenic wild-type virus challenge and revealed a stronger onset of virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell recall response. |
| 6294 | 16972040 | It is hypothesized that the viral-soluble G glycoprotein (sG) contains a T cell superantigen (Tsag) that is capable of binding to the V(H)3 domain of IgE/FcepsilonRI(+) hematopoietic cells, basophils, mast cells and monocytes, similar to the case of allergens, and that this aggregation causes these innate system cells to degranulate and release large amounts of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) into the blood. |
| 6295 | 16972040 | The review of the molecular research on the role of the viral fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoproteins of RSV provided information on their role in the virus infection: early in infection the F glycoprotein induces Th1 cells to release the Th1 cytokines IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-gamma to activate precursors CTLs (pCTLs) to become anti-RSV CTLs. |
| 6296 | 16972040 | The gradual increase of sG molecules creates a gradient of fractalkine (FKN) which directs IL-5-activated eosinophils to the lungs of the patient. |
| 6297 | 16982932 | A single stimulation of CD8+ T cells from healthy virus carriers, and patients with HL with this adenoviral construct in combination with IL-2, was sufficient to reverse the functional T cell impairment and restored both IFN-gamma production and cytolytic function. |
| 6298 | 16982932 | Flow cytometric analysis revealed that a large proportion of T cells expanded from patients with HL were CD62L(high) and CD27(high), and CCR7(low), consistent with early to mid effector T cells. |
| 6299 | 16987070 | Compared with oil adjuvant, the killed NDV in LMS+ induced a significantly higher helper T cell type 1 response, as shown by higher levels of interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, T cell proliferation, and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, without sacrificing the level of IgG production in mice. |
| 6300 | 16991124 | Induction of protective immunity to RM-1 prostate cancer cells with ALVAC-IL-2/IL-12/TNF-alpha combination therapy. |
| 6301 | 16991124 | ALVAC recombinant canarypox viruses encoding interleukin-2, interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were used to create therapeutic vaccines in 2 different ways. |
| 6302 | 16991124 | Tumor-free survival induced by the separate injection vaccine required natural killer (NK) cells, CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 6303 | 16991124 | Secondary clearance of tumors also required NK and CD8(+) T cells, but not CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6304 | 16991124 | Induction of protective immunity to RM-1 prostate cancer cells with ALVAC-IL-2/IL-12/TNF-alpha combination therapy. |
| 6305 | 16991124 | ALVAC recombinant canarypox viruses encoding interleukin-2, interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were used to create therapeutic vaccines in 2 different ways. |
| 6306 | 16991124 | Tumor-free survival induced by the separate injection vaccine required natural killer (NK) cells, CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 6307 | 16991124 | Secondary clearance of tumors also required NK and CD8(+) T cells, but not CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6308 | 16997788 | The frequency of Interferon-gamma and Interleukin (IL)-2 expressing CD4+/CD8+ T-cell subsets was significantly higher with a concomitant reduction in IL-4 and IL-10 expressing T-cells in the vaccine treated group as compared with the untreated controls. |
| 6309 | 17005692 | CD127+CCR5+CD38+++ CD4+ Th1 effector cells are an early component of the primary immune response to vaccinia virus and precede development of interleukin-2+ memory CD4+ T cells. |
| 6310 | 17005692 | Between days 11 and 14 postinoculation, there was a peak of proliferating CCR5+CD38+++ CD4+ effector cells which contained the cytotoxic granule marker T-cell intracellular antigen 1 and included gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells. |
| 6311 | 17005692 | The majority of these initial vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells were CD127+ and produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) but not CTLA-4 in response to restimulation in vitro. |
| 6312 | 17005692 | Between days 14 and 21, there was a switch from IFN-gamma and IL-2 coexpression to IL-2 production only, coinciding with a resting phenotype and an increased in vitro proliferation response. |
| 6313 | 17005692 | The early CCR5+CD38+++ vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells were similar to our previous observations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4+ T cells in primary HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but the vaccinia virus-specific cells expressed much more CD127 and IL-2 than we previously found in their HIV-specific counterparts. |
| 6314 | 17005692 | The current study provides important information on the differentiation of IL-2+ vaccinia virus-specific memory cells, allowing further study of antiviral effector CD4+ T cells in healthy adults and their dysfunction in HIV-1 infection. |
| 6315 | 17005692 | CD127+CCR5+CD38+++ CD4+ Th1 effector cells are an early component of the primary immune response to vaccinia virus and precede development of interleukin-2+ memory CD4+ T cells. |
| 6316 | 17005692 | Between days 11 and 14 postinoculation, there was a peak of proliferating CCR5+CD38+++ CD4+ effector cells which contained the cytotoxic granule marker T-cell intracellular antigen 1 and included gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells. |
| 6317 | 17005692 | The majority of these initial vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells were CD127+ and produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) but not CTLA-4 in response to restimulation in vitro. |
| 6318 | 17005692 | Between days 14 and 21, there was a switch from IFN-gamma and IL-2 coexpression to IL-2 production only, coinciding with a resting phenotype and an increased in vitro proliferation response. |
| 6319 | 17005692 | The early CCR5+CD38+++ vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells were similar to our previous observations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4+ T cells in primary HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but the vaccinia virus-specific cells expressed much more CD127 and IL-2 than we previously found in their HIV-specific counterparts. |
| 6320 | 17005692 | The current study provides important information on the differentiation of IL-2+ vaccinia virus-specific memory cells, allowing further study of antiviral effector CD4+ T cells in healthy adults and their dysfunction in HIV-1 infection. |
| 6321 | 17005692 | CD127+CCR5+CD38+++ CD4+ Th1 effector cells are an early component of the primary immune response to vaccinia virus and precede development of interleukin-2+ memory CD4+ T cells. |
| 6322 | 17005692 | Between days 11 and 14 postinoculation, there was a peak of proliferating CCR5+CD38+++ CD4+ effector cells which contained the cytotoxic granule marker T-cell intracellular antigen 1 and included gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells. |
| 6323 | 17005692 | The majority of these initial vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells were CD127+ and produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) but not CTLA-4 in response to restimulation in vitro. |
| 6324 | 17005692 | Between days 14 and 21, there was a switch from IFN-gamma and IL-2 coexpression to IL-2 production only, coinciding with a resting phenotype and an increased in vitro proliferation response. |
| 6325 | 17005692 | The early CCR5+CD38+++ vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells were similar to our previous observations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4+ T cells in primary HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but the vaccinia virus-specific cells expressed much more CD127 and IL-2 than we previously found in their HIV-specific counterparts. |
| 6326 | 17005692 | The current study provides important information on the differentiation of IL-2+ vaccinia virus-specific memory cells, allowing further study of antiviral effector CD4+ T cells in healthy adults and their dysfunction in HIV-1 infection. |
| 6327 | 17005692 | CD127+CCR5+CD38+++ CD4+ Th1 effector cells are an early component of the primary immune response to vaccinia virus and precede development of interleukin-2+ memory CD4+ T cells. |
| 6328 | 17005692 | Between days 11 and 14 postinoculation, there was a peak of proliferating CCR5+CD38+++ CD4+ effector cells which contained the cytotoxic granule marker T-cell intracellular antigen 1 and included gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells. |
| 6329 | 17005692 | The majority of these initial vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells were CD127+ and produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) but not CTLA-4 in response to restimulation in vitro. |
| 6330 | 17005692 | Between days 14 and 21, there was a switch from IFN-gamma and IL-2 coexpression to IL-2 production only, coinciding with a resting phenotype and an increased in vitro proliferation response. |
| 6331 | 17005692 | The early CCR5+CD38+++ vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells were similar to our previous observations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4+ T cells in primary HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but the vaccinia virus-specific cells expressed much more CD127 and IL-2 than we previously found in their HIV-specific counterparts. |
| 6332 | 17005692 | The current study provides important information on the differentiation of IL-2+ vaccinia virus-specific memory cells, allowing further study of antiviral effector CD4+ T cells in healthy adults and their dysfunction in HIV-1 infection. |
| 6333 | 17005692 | CD127+CCR5+CD38+++ CD4+ Th1 effector cells are an early component of the primary immune response to vaccinia virus and precede development of interleukin-2+ memory CD4+ T cells. |
| 6334 | 17005692 | Between days 11 and 14 postinoculation, there was a peak of proliferating CCR5+CD38+++ CD4+ effector cells which contained the cytotoxic granule marker T-cell intracellular antigen 1 and included gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells. |
| 6335 | 17005692 | The majority of these initial vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells were CD127+ and produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) but not CTLA-4 in response to restimulation in vitro. |
| 6336 | 17005692 | Between days 14 and 21, there was a switch from IFN-gamma and IL-2 coexpression to IL-2 production only, coinciding with a resting phenotype and an increased in vitro proliferation response. |
| 6337 | 17005692 | The early CCR5+CD38+++ vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells were similar to our previous observations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4+ T cells in primary HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but the vaccinia virus-specific cells expressed much more CD127 and IL-2 than we previously found in their HIV-specific counterparts. |
| 6338 | 17005692 | The current study provides important information on the differentiation of IL-2+ vaccinia virus-specific memory cells, allowing further study of antiviral effector CD4+ T cells in healthy adults and their dysfunction in HIV-1 infection. |
| 6339 | 17008080 | It was observed that despite differential induction of Interleukin(IL)-12 and IL-10 production, identical IL-12/IL-10 concentration ratio was obtained by all Brucella strains DNAs that was 2 after 24 h and 4 after 5 days of incubation. |
| 6340 | 17008080 | In addition, IL-2 and Interferon(IFN)-gamma production were profoundly increased compared to the medium at day 3 and 5 respectively but IFN-alpha was not induced. |
| 6341 | 17009044 | The kinetics of the carbohydrate-specific IgG response correlated with a temporary release of cytokines such as IFNgamma, IL-2, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and GM-CSF which was measurable in the immune serum by xMAP Multiplex technology. |
| 6342 | 17013989 | Virus-specific CD4+ T cells with IL-2-secreting and/or proliferative capacity are detected readily in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors and rarely in persons with untreated progressive infection. |
| 6343 | 17013989 | We determined the effect of vaccination with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing HIV-1 gag p24/p17 (MVA.HIVA) on HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses in 16 chronically infected, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated subjects using CD8-depleted IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays, intracellular cytokine staining assays for IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and a CFSE-based proliferation assay. |
| 6344 | 17013989 | The frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma, alone or simultaneously, were also augmented. |
| 6345 | 17013989 | Virus-specific CD4+ T cells with IL-2-secreting and/or proliferative capacity are detected readily in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors and rarely in persons with untreated progressive infection. |
| 6346 | 17013989 | We determined the effect of vaccination with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing HIV-1 gag p24/p17 (MVA.HIVA) on HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses in 16 chronically infected, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated subjects using CD8-depleted IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays, intracellular cytokine staining assays for IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and a CFSE-based proliferation assay. |
| 6347 | 17013989 | The frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma, alone or simultaneously, were also augmented. |
| 6348 | 17013989 | Virus-specific CD4+ T cells with IL-2-secreting and/or proliferative capacity are detected readily in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors and rarely in persons with untreated progressive infection. |
| 6349 | 17013989 | We determined the effect of vaccination with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing HIV-1 gag p24/p17 (MVA.HIVA) on HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses in 16 chronically infected, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated subjects using CD8-depleted IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays, intracellular cytokine staining assays for IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and a CFSE-based proliferation assay. |
| 6350 | 17013989 | The frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma, alone or simultaneously, were also augmented. |
| 6351 | 17021999 | Cells were cultured for 48 hours; following incubation, supernatants were collected and assayed for interleukin-2, interleukin-10, and interferon-gamma production, cytokines important in the immune response to viral infection. |
| 6352 | 17021999 | Four species ( E. angustifolia, E. purpurea, E. simulata, E. tennesseensis) augmented IL-10 production, diminished IL-2 production, and had no effect on IFN-gamma production. |
| 6353 | 17021999 | Cells were cultured for 48 hours; following incubation, supernatants were collected and assayed for interleukin-2, interleukin-10, and interferon-gamma production, cytokines important in the immune response to viral infection. |
| 6354 | 17021999 | Four species ( E. angustifolia, E. purpurea, E. simulata, E. tennesseensis) augmented IL-10 production, diminished IL-2 production, and had no effect on IFN-gamma production. |
| 6355 | 17027529 | In HIV-infected patients, the IL-2/IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) system is dysregulated. |
| 6356 | 17027529 | The fact that IL-2 is underproduced along with defective IL-2R signaling detected in patient lymphocytes, may explain the progressive impairment of the immune system that occurs during chronic infection with this virus. |
| 6357 | 17027529 | However, in some patients IL-2R defects persist and the CD4 counts remain low despite good control of the viral load. |
| 6358 | 17027529 | In HIV-infected patients, the IL-2/IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) system is dysregulated. |
| 6359 | 17027529 | The fact that IL-2 is underproduced along with defective IL-2R signaling detected in patient lymphocytes, may explain the progressive impairment of the immune system that occurs during chronic infection with this virus. |
| 6360 | 17027529 | However, in some patients IL-2R defects persist and the CD4 counts remain low despite good control of the viral load. |
| 6361 | 17032167 | These cytokines and chemokines included interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18, as potent inducers of IFN-gamma, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein (IP-10), the production of which is IFN-gamma dependent. |
| 6362 | 17032167 | A coinjection of either IL-12 or IL-18 strongly suppressed the humoral antibody responses but increased the production of the Th1-type cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 from immune T cells. |
| 6363 | 17032167 | On the other hand, IP-10 exhibited enhanced immune responses in both antibody responses and IFN-gamma production of immune T cells and facilitated the prolonged survival of infected mice. |
| 6364 | 17034859 | The content of IgG, IgA, IgM, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and specific antibody titer as well as the number of immunocompetent cells were systematically analyzed in the vaccinated mice. |
| 6365 | 17047396 | The restimulated splenocytes demonstrated increased cytotoxic response, lymphocytic proliferation and elevated levels of Th type I cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha). |
| 6366 | 17055124 | The results showed that, compared to Tris-EDTA buffer (TE, 1 mM Tris, 0.1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0) injected mice, the expressions of Th1 type cytokine IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 were increased in hybrid phage, KLH-C, and wild phage immunized mice, and there were no differences between mice immunized with hybrid phage and KLH-C. |
| 6367 | 17055124 | While the expression of Th2 type cytokine IL-10 was similar in all mice, IL-4 was not detected. |
| 6368 | 17067728 | Mice receiving a standard immunising dose of approximately 10(7) BCG (range, 1-5 x 10(7)) developed mycobacterial antigen-specific lymphocyte transformation (LT) responses, as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion, at 8 and 18 weeks post-oral vaccination. |
| 6369 | 17067728 | Interestingly, while lymphocyte transformation and interleukin-2 responses remained largely unaltered in these mice, levels of IFN-gamma produced by antigen-stimulated lymphocytes were shown to be reduced significantly. |
| 6370 | 17067728 | Mice receiving a standard immunising dose of approximately 10(7) BCG (range, 1-5 x 10(7)) developed mycobacterial antigen-specific lymphocyte transformation (LT) responses, as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion, at 8 and 18 weeks post-oral vaccination. |
| 6371 | 17067728 | Interestingly, while lymphocyte transformation and interleukin-2 responses remained largely unaltered in these mice, levels of IFN-gamma produced by antigen-stimulated lymphocytes were shown to be reduced significantly. |
| 6372 | 17074291 | The first assessment criteria was the follow-up of selected immunological parameters such as, antibody levels, lymphoproliferation, double positive CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes and cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma). |
| 6373 | 17074291 | This better protection of BioMed animals seems to be correlated mainly with higher levels of antibodies and to a lesser extent with a slightly better CMI response and probably with the production of memory CD4+CD8+ T cells. |
| 6374 | 17076705 | Antibody depletion experiments showed that antituberculosis protective responses in the lung were not diminished by removal of CD8(+), T-cell receptor gammadelta (TCR-gammadelta(+)) and NK1.1(+) T cells from vaccinated CD4(-/-) mice before challenge, implying that the observed recall and immune effector functions resulting from vaccination of CD4(-/-) mice with mc(2)6030 were attributable to a population of CD4(-) CD8(-) (double-negative) TCR-alphabeta(+), TCR-gammadelta(-), NK1.1(-) T cells. |
| 6375 | 17076705 | Enriched pulmonary double-negative T cells transcribed significantly more interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 mRNA than double-negative T cells from naive mice after a tuberculous challenge. |
| 6376 | 17076705 | These results confirmed previous findings on the potential for a subset of MHC class II-restricted T cells to develop and function without expression of CD4 and suggest novel vaccination strategies to assist in the control of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected humans who have chronic depletion of their CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6377 | 17082591 | CD73 (5'-ectonucleotidase) is expressed by two distinct mouse CD4 T cell populations: CD25+ (FoxP3+) T regulatory (Treg) cells that suppress T cell proliferation but do not secrete IL-2, and CD25- uncommitted primed precursor Th (Thpp) cells that secrete IL-2 but do not suppress in standard Treg suppressor assays. |
| 6378 | 17082610 | Distinct molecular program imposed on CD4+ T cell targets by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. |
| 6379 | 17082610 | CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key modulators of immunity, but their mechanism of action is unclear. |
| 6380 | 17082610 | To elucidate the molecular consequences of Treg encounter, we analyzed changes in gene expression in CD4+ T cell targets activated in the presence or absence of CD4+CD25+ Tregs. |
| 6381 | 17082610 | Therefore, we compared the gene profile of T cells following Treg encounter with that of T cells made anergic, TGF-beta-treated, or IL-2-deprived; all possible modes of Treg action. |
| 6382 | 17082909 | DHEAS was not effective in modulating antigen-specific T-cell proliferation, Interleukin-2 production or percentage of recent activated T-cell subsets (CD4 + CD69 + and CD8 + CD69 +). |
| 6383 | 17087061 | The parameters of specific humoral (IgG and IgM) and cellular (gamma-interferon (IFN) and cell proliferation) immunities and the activity of cytokines (necrosis tumor factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12) were studied. |
| 6384 | 17087061 | Noteworthy is the difference in the time course of changes in the levels of IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, and gamma-IFN in the immunized and non-immunized animals. |
| 6385 | 17087061 | The parameters of specific humoral (IgG and IgM) and cellular (gamma-interferon (IFN) and cell proliferation) immunities and the activity of cytokines (necrosis tumor factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12) were studied. |
| 6386 | 17087061 | Noteworthy is the difference in the time course of changes in the levels of IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, and gamma-IFN in the immunized and non-immunized animals. |
| 6387 | 17101651 | While vaccination with native CD increased the number of interleukin-2 (IL-2)- and gamma interferon-producing cells, rCD mainly stimulated IL-4-secreting cells. |
| 6388 | 17109338 | IL-2 plus vaccine boosted CD4(+) T cell counts (P<.001) but did not diminish viral rebound. |
| 6389 | 17113200 | In DNA prime/poxvirus boost protocols, the strongest immune response, as measured by fresh IFN-gamma and IL-2 ELISPOT, was obtained in BALB/c mice boosted with NYVAC-B, while in HHD mice there were no differences between the poxvirus vectors. |
| 6390 | 17114495 | Hepatitis B surface Ag (HBs)-specific memory CD4+T cells were heterogeneous and included T(CM) (CCR7+CD27+) and T(EM) (CCR7(-)CD27(+/-)). |
| 6391 | 17114495 | HBs-specific T(CM) and T(EM) shared the capacity to produce multiple cytokines, including IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 6392 | 17114495 | Several years postimmunization, approximately 10% of HBs-specific memory CD4+ T cells were in cycle (Ki67+) and the proliferating cells were CCR7+. |
| 6393 | 17114751 | Protection in these five groups was associated with the induction of cell-mediated or T helper 1 (Th1) type of immune responses characterized by the production of large amounts of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 in in vitro proliferation assays using E. ruminantium antigens for stimulation. |
| 6394 | 17114751 | Further evaluation of these and other untested DNA constructs is necessary to optimize their expression in vivo in the presence of molecular adjuvants, such as the IFN-gamma gene, GM-CSF gene, IL-12 gene, and CpG motifs to fully evaluate their protective value. |
| 6395 | 17142726 | Functional adaptive CD4 Foxp3 T cells develop in MHC class II-deficient mice. |
| 6396 | 17142726 | CD4 Foxp3 regulatory T (T(R)) cells are well-defined regulator T cells known to develop in the thymus through positive selection by medium-to-high affinity TCR-MHC interactions. |
| 6397 | 17142726 | CD4 Foxp3 T(R) cells are found in secondary lymphoid tissues (spleen and lymph nodes) and peripheral tissues (liver) but not the thymus of severely MHC class II-deficient (Aalpha(-/-) B6) mice. |
| 6398 | 17142726 | Furthermore, these T(R) cells suppress IL-2 release and proliferative responses in vitro of naive CD25(-) (CD4 or CD8) T cells from normal B6 mice primed by bead-coupled anti-CD3/anti-CD28 Ab as efficiently as CD4CD25(high) T(R) cells from congenic, normal B6 mice. |
| 6399 | 17142726 | MHC class II-independent CD4 Foxp3(+) T(R) cells thus preferentially express the (TGF-beta-induced) integrin molecule alpha(E) (CD103), are generated mainly in the periphery and efficiently mediate immunosuppressive effects. |
| 6400 | 17142738 | Dendritic cell targeting of survivin protein in a xenogeneic form elicits strong CD4+ T cell immunity to mouse survivin. |
| 6401 | 17142738 | To determine whether strong CD4+ T cell immunity could be induced to a nonmutated self protein that is important for tumorigenesis, we selectively targeted the xenogeneic form of survivin, a survival protein overexpressed in tumors, to maturing dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues. |
| 6402 | 17142738 | Dendritic cell targeting via the DEC205 receptor in the presence of anti-CD40 and poly(I:C) as maturation stimuli, induced strong human and mouse survivin-specific CD4+ T cell responses, as determined by IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 production, as well as the development of lytic MHC class II-restricted T cells and memory. |
| 6403 | 17142738 | Immunity was enhanced further by depletion of CD25+foxp3+ cells before vaccination. anti-DEC205-human survivin was superior in inducing CD4+ T cell responses relative to other approaches involving survivin plasmid DNA or survivin peptides with adjuvants. |
| 6404 | 17142738 | However, we were unable to induce CD8+ T cell immunity to survivin by two doses of DEC205-targeted survivin or the other strategies. |
| 6405 | 17142738 | Therefore, significant CD4+ T cell immunity to a self protein that is overexpressed in most human cancers can be induced by DEC205 targeting of the Ag in its xenogeneic form to maturing DCs. |
| 6406 | 17142789 | Synergism between CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides and IL-2 causes dramatic enhancement of vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6407 | 17142789 | When we administered therapeutic vaccines containing the MHC class I-presented self-peptide tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2(180-188) and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) to mice, growth of the TRP-2-expressing B16F1 melanoma was not inhibited compared with growth in mice that received control vaccinations. |
| 6408 | 17142789 | When we added systemic IL-2 to the TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines, growth of B16F1 was inhibited in a CD8-dependent, epitope-specific manner. |
| 6409 | 17142789 | The antitumor efficacy of the different regimens correlated with their ability to elicit TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6410 | 17142789 | When we administered TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines with systemic IL-2, 18.2% of CD8+ T cells were specific for TRP-2(180-188). |
| 6411 | 17142789 | Identical TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines given without IL-2 elicited a TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell response of only 1.1% of CD8+ T cells. |
| 6412 | 17142789 | Vaccines containing TRP-2(180-188) without CpG ODN elicited TRP-2(180-188)-specific responses of 2.8% of CD8+ T cells when administered with IL-2. |
| 6413 | 17142789 | There was up to a 221-fold increase in the absolute number of TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cells when IL-2 was added to TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines. |
| 6414 | 17142789 | Peptide plus CpG ODN vaccines administered with IL-2 generated epitope-specific CD8+ T cells by a mechanism that depended on endogenous IL-6. |
| 6415 | 17142789 | Synergism between CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides and IL-2 causes dramatic enhancement of vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6416 | 17142789 | When we administered therapeutic vaccines containing the MHC class I-presented self-peptide tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2(180-188) and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) to mice, growth of the TRP-2-expressing B16F1 melanoma was not inhibited compared with growth in mice that received control vaccinations. |
| 6417 | 17142789 | When we added systemic IL-2 to the TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines, growth of B16F1 was inhibited in a CD8-dependent, epitope-specific manner. |
| 6418 | 17142789 | The antitumor efficacy of the different regimens correlated with their ability to elicit TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6419 | 17142789 | When we administered TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines with systemic IL-2, 18.2% of CD8+ T cells were specific for TRP-2(180-188). |
| 6420 | 17142789 | Identical TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines given without IL-2 elicited a TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell response of only 1.1% of CD8+ T cells. |
| 6421 | 17142789 | Vaccines containing TRP-2(180-188) without CpG ODN elicited TRP-2(180-188)-specific responses of 2.8% of CD8+ T cells when administered with IL-2. |
| 6422 | 17142789 | There was up to a 221-fold increase in the absolute number of TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cells when IL-2 was added to TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines. |
| 6423 | 17142789 | Peptide plus CpG ODN vaccines administered with IL-2 generated epitope-specific CD8+ T cells by a mechanism that depended on endogenous IL-6. |
| 6424 | 17142789 | Synergism between CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides and IL-2 causes dramatic enhancement of vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6425 | 17142789 | When we administered therapeutic vaccines containing the MHC class I-presented self-peptide tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2(180-188) and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) to mice, growth of the TRP-2-expressing B16F1 melanoma was not inhibited compared with growth in mice that received control vaccinations. |
| 6426 | 17142789 | When we added systemic IL-2 to the TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines, growth of B16F1 was inhibited in a CD8-dependent, epitope-specific manner. |
| 6427 | 17142789 | The antitumor efficacy of the different regimens correlated with their ability to elicit TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6428 | 17142789 | When we administered TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines with systemic IL-2, 18.2% of CD8+ T cells were specific for TRP-2(180-188). |
| 6429 | 17142789 | Identical TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines given without IL-2 elicited a TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell response of only 1.1% of CD8+ T cells. |
| 6430 | 17142789 | Vaccines containing TRP-2(180-188) without CpG ODN elicited TRP-2(180-188)-specific responses of 2.8% of CD8+ T cells when administered with IL-2. |
| 6431 | 17142789 | There was up to a 221-fold increase in the absolute number of TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cells when IL-2 was added to TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines. |
| 6432 | 17142789 | Peptide plus CpG ODN vaccines administered with IL-2 generated epitope-specific CD8+ T cells by a mechanism that depended on endogenous IL-6. |
| 6433 | 17142789 | Synergism between CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides and IL-2 causes dramatic enhancement of vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6434 | 17142789 | When we administered therapeutic vaccines containing the MHC class I-presented self-peptide tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2(180-188) and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) to mice, growth of the TRP-2-expressing B16F1 melanoma was not inhibited compared with growth in mice that received control vaccinations. |
| 6435 | 17142789 | When we added systemic IL-2 to the TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines, growth of B16F1 was inhibited in a CD8-dependent, epitope-specific manner. |
| 6436 | 17142789 | The antitumor efficacy of the different regimens correlated with their ability to elicit TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6437 | 17142789 | When we administered TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines with systemic IL-2, 18.2% of CD8+ T cells were specific for TRP-2(180-188). |
| 6438 | 17142789 | Identical TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines given without IL-2 elicited a TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell response of only 1.1% of CD8+ T cells. |
| 6439 | 17142789 | Vaccines containing TRP-2(180-188) without CpG ODN elicited TRP-2(180-188)-specific responses of 2.8% of CD8+ T cells when administered with IL-2. |
| 6440 | 17142789 | There was up to a 221-fold increase in the absolute number of TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cells when IL-2 was added to TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines. |
| 6441 | 17142789 | Peptide plus CpG ODN vaccines administered with IL-2 generated epitope-specific CD8+ T cells by a mechanism that depended on endogenous IL-6. |
| 6442 | 17142789 | Synergism between CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides and IL-2 causes dramatic enhancement of vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6443 | 17142789 | When we administered therapeutic vaccines containing the MHC class I-presented self-peptide tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2(180-188) and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) to mice, growth of the TRP-2-expressing B16F1 melanoma was not inhibited compared with growth in mice that received control vaccinations. |
| 6444 | 17142789 | When we added systemic IL-2 to the TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines, growth of B16F1 was inhibited in a CD8-dependent, epitope-specific manner. |
| 6445 | 17142789 | The antitumor efficacy of the different regimens correlated with their ability to elicit TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6446 | 17142789 | When we administered TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines with systemic IL-2, 18.2% of CD8+ T cells were specific for TRP-2(180-188). |
| 6447 | 17142789 | Identical TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines given without IL-2 elicited a TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell response of only 1.1% of CD8+ T cells. |
| 6448 | 17142789 | Vaccines containing TRP-2(180-188) without CpG ODN elicited TRP-2(180-188)-specific responses of 2.8% of CD8+ T cells when administered with IL-2. |
| 6449 | 17142789 | There was up to a 221-fold increase in the absolute number of TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cells when IL-2 was added to TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines. |
| 6450 | 17142789 | Peptide plus CpG ODN vaccines administered with IL-2 generated epitope-specific CD8+ T cells by a mechanism that depended on endogenous IL-6. |
| 6451 | 17142789 | Synergism between CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides and IL-2 causes dramatic enhancement of vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6452 | 17142789 | When we administered therapeutic vaccines containing the MHC class I-presented self-peptide tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2(180-188) and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) to mice, growth of the TRP-2-expressing B16F1 melanoma was not inhibited compared with growth in mice that received control vaccinations. |
| 6453 | 17142789 | When we added systemic IL-2 to the TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines, growth of B16F1 was inhibited in a CD8-dependent, epitope-specific manner. |
| 6454 | 17142789 | The antitumor efficacy of the different regimens correlated with their ability to elicit TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6455 | 17142789 | When we administered TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines with systemic IL-2, 18.2% of CD8+ T cells were specific for TRP-2(180-188). |
| 6456 | 17142789 | Identical TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines given without IL-2 elicited a TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell response of only 1.1% of CD8+ T cells. |
| 6457 | 17142789 | Vaccines containing TRP-2(180-188) without CpG ODN elicited TRP-2(180-188)-specific responses of 2.8% of CD8+ T cells when administered with IL-2. |
| 6458 | 17142789 | There was up to a 221-fold increase in the absolute number of TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cells when IL-2 was added to TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines. |
| 6459 | 17142789 | Peptide plus CpG ODN vaccines administered with IL-2 generated epitope-specific CD8+ T cells by a mechanism that depended on endogenous IL-6. |
| 6460 | 17142789 | Synergism between CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides and IL-2 causes dramatic enhancement of vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6461 | 17142789 | When we administered therapeutic vaccines containing the MHC class I-presented self-peptide tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2(180-188) and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) to mice, growth of the TRP-2-expressing B16F1 melanoma was not inhibited compared with growth in mice that received control vaccinations. |
| 6462 | 17142789 | When we added systemic IL-2 to the TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines, growth of B16F1 was inhibited in a CD8-dependent, epitope-specific manner. |
| 6463 | 17142789 | The antitumor efficacy of the different regimens correlated with their ability to elicit TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6464 | 17142789 | When we administered TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines with systemic IL-2, 18.2% of CD8+ T cells were specific for TRP-2(180-188). |
| 6465 | 17142789 | Identical TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines given without IL-2 elicited a TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell response of only 1.1% of CD8+ T cells. |
| 6466 | 17142789 | Vaccines containing TRP-2(180-188) without CpG ODN elicited TRP-2(180-188)-specific responses of 2.8% of CD8+ T cells when administered with IL-2. |
| 6467 | 17142789 | There was up to a 221-fold increase in the absolute number of TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cells when IL-2 was added to TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines. |
| 6468 | 17142789 | Peptide plus CpG ODN vaccines administered with IL-2 generated epitope-specific CD8+ T cells by a mechanism that depended on endogenous IL-6. |
| 6469 | 17146974 | The levels of IL-2 and RANTES showing a Th1 immune response were significantly increased, but there was no change in the level of IL-4 (Th2 immune response) in any of the immunized groups. |
| 6470 | 17158960 | We used polychromatic flow cytometry to evaluate the production of the cytokines interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-2, the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, and surface mobilization of the degranulation marker CD107a by CD4+ T cells in response to stimulation with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific major histocompatibility complex class II peptide epitopes. |
| 6471 | 17158960 | Surface expression of CD45RO, CD27, and CD57 on responding cells was used to classify CD4+ T cell maturation. |
| 6472 | 17158960 | Salient features of this profile were: (a) the simultaneous production of MIP-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma in the absence of IL-2; and (b) direct cytolytic activity associated with surface mobilization of CD107a and intracellular expression of perforin and granzymes. |
| 6473 | 17158960 | Thus, mature CMV-specific CD4+ T cells exhibit distinct functional properties reminiscent of antiviral CD8+ T lymphocytes. |
| 6474 | 17158960 | We used polychromatic flow cytometry to evaluate the production of the cytokines interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-2, the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, and surface mobilization of the degranulation marker CD107a by CD4+ T cells in response to stimulation with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific major histocompatibility complex class II peptide epitopes. |
| 6475 | 17158960 | Surface expression of CD45RO, CD27, and CD57 on responding cells was used to classify CD4+ T cell maturation. |
| 6476 | 17158960 | Salient features of this profile were: (a) the simultaneous production of MIP-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma in the absence of IL-2; and (b) direct cytolytic activity associated with surface mobilization of CD107a and intracellular expression of perforin and granzymes. |
| 6477 | 17158960 | Thus, mature CMV-specific CD4+ T cells exhibit distinct functional properties reminiscent of antiviral CD8+ T lymphocytes. |
| 6478 | 17177610 | Coexpression of interleukin-2 enhances the immunization effect of a DNA vaccine expressing herpes simplex 1 glycoprotein D. |
| 6479 | 17177610 | In this study, DNA vaccines consisting of vector IRES-gD expressing Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) and vector IRES-gD-IL-2 coexpressing HSV-1 gD and interleukin-2 (IL-2), respectively, were constructed. |
| 6480 | 17177610 | Coexpression of interleukin-2 enhances the immunization effect of a DNA vaccine expressing herpes simplex 1 glycoprotein D. |
| 6481 | 17177610 | In this study, DNA vaccines consisting of vector IRES-gD expressing Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) and vector IRES-gD-IL-2 coexpressing HSV-1 gD and interleukin-2 (IL-2), respectively, were constructed. |
| 6482 | 17182155 | In these clinical trials we observed that CVD 909 immunization elicits a wide array of CMI, including cytotoxic T cells (CTL), IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-10 (but not IL-2, IL-4 or IL-5) production, and proliferation to S. |
| 6483 | 17182676 | Changes in paracrine interleukin-2 requirement, CCR7 expression, frequency, and cytokine secretion of human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD4+ T cells are a consequence of antigen load. |
| 6484 | 17182676 | Virus-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are thought to be required for the induction and maintenance of many effective CD8+ T-cell and B-cell immune responses in experimental animals and humans. |
| 6485 | 17182676 | A 10-color, 12-parameter flow cytometric panel was utilized to examine the frequency, memory phenotype (CD27, CCR7, and CD45RA), and cytokine production (interleukin-2 [IL-2], gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) of CD4+ T cells specific for HIV antigens as well as for adenovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), influenza H1N1 virus, influenza H3N2 virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and tetanus toxoid in normal controls, long-term nonprogressors (LTNP), and HIV-infected patients with progressive disease on or off therapy. |
| 6486 | 17182676 | HIV-specific CD4+ T cells from patients off antiretroviral therapy demonstrated a shift towards a CCR7(-) CD45RA(-) phenotype and a reduced percentage of IL-2-producing cells. |
| 6487 | 17182676 | The alterations in cytokine production during HIV viremia were found to be intrinsic to the HIV-specific CD4+ T cells and caused a requirement for IL-2 supplied exogenously for proliferation to occur. |
| 6488 | 17182676 | Changes in paracrine interleukin-2 requirement, CCR7 expression, frequency, and cytokine secretion of human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD4+ T cells are a consequence of antigen load. |
| 6489 | 17182676 | Virus-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are thought to be required for the induction and maintenance of many effective CD8+ T-cell and B-cell immune responses in experimental animals and humans. |
| 6490 | 17182676 | A 10-color, 12-parameter flow cytometric panel was utilized to examine the frequency, memory phenotype (CD27, CCR7, and CD45RA), and cytokine production (interleukin-2 [IL-2], gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) of CD4+ T cells specific for HIV antigens as well as for adenovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), influenza H1N1 virus, influenza H3N2 virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and tetanus toxoid in normal controls, long-term nonprogressors (LTNP), and HIV-infected patients with progressive disease on or off therapy. |
| 6491 | 17182676 | HIV-specific CD4+ T cells from patients off antiretroviral therapy demonstrated a shift towards a CCR7(-) CD45RA(-) phenotype and a reduced percentage of IL-2-producing cells. |
| 6492 | 17182676 | The alterations in cytokine production during HIV viremia were found to be intrinsic to the HIV-specific CD4+ T cells and caused a requirement for IL-2 supplied exogenously for proliferation to occur. |
| 6493 | 17182676 | Changes in paracrine interleukin-2 requirement, CCR7 expression, frequency, and cytokine secretion of human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD4+ T cells are a consequence of antigen load. |
| 6494 | 17182676 | Virus-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are thought to be required for the induction and maintenance of many effective CD8+ T-cell and B-cell immune responses in experimental animals and humans. |
| 6495 | 17182676 | A 10-color, 12-parameter flow cytometric panel was utilized to examine the frequency, memory phenotype (CD27, CCR7, and CD45RA), and cytokine production (interleukin-2 [IL-2], gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) of CD4+ T cells specific for HIV antigens as well as for adenovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), influenza H1N1 virus, influenza H3N2 virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and tetanus toxoid in normal controls, long-term nonprogressors (LTNP), and HIV-infected patients with progressive disease on or off therapy. |
| 6496 | 17182676 | HIV-specific CD4+ T cells from patients off antiretroviral therapy demonstrated a shift towards a CCR7(-) CD45RA(-) phenotype and a reduced percentage of IL-2-producing cells. |
| 6497 | 17182676 | The alterations in cytokine production during HIV viremia were found to be intrinsic to the HIV-specific CD4+ T cells and caused a requirement for IL-2 supplied exogenously for proliferation to occur. |
| 6498 | 17182676 | Changes in paracrine interleukin-2 requirement, CCR7 expression, frequency, and cytokine secretion of human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD4+ T cells are a consequence of antigen load. |
| 6499 | 17182676 | Virus-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are thought to be required for the induction and maintenance of many effective CD8+ T-cell and B-cell immune responses in experimental animals and humans. |
| 6500 | 17182676 | A 10-color, 12-parameter flow cytometric panel was utilized to examine the frequency, memory phenotype (CD27, CCR7, and CD45RA), and cytokine production (interleukin-2 [IL-2], gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) of CD4+ T cells specific for HIV antigens as well as for adenovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), influenza H1N1 virus, influenza H3N2 virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and tetanus toxoid in normal controls, long-term nonprogressors (LTNP), and HIV-infected patients with progressive disease on or off therapy. |
| 6501 | 17182676 | HIV-specific CD4+ T cells from patients off antiretroviral therapy demonstrated a shift towards a CCR7(-) CD45RA(-) phenotype and a reduced percentage of IL-2-producing cells. |
| 6502 | 17182676 | The alterations in cytokine production during HIV viremia were found to be intrinsic to the HIV-specific CD4+ T cells and caused a requirement for IL-2 supplied exogenously for proliferation to occur. |
| 6503 | 17188704 | Proteins incorporating rat sequences of IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, or IL-13 were expressed as fusion proteins containing the major encephalitogenic region of myelin basic protein (MBP). |
| 6504 | 17188704 | In the case of the IL-2 and IL-4 fusion proteins, covalent linkage of the cytokine and neuroantigen domains resulted in synergistic antigen presentation. |
| 6505 | 17188704 | Proteins incorporating rat sequences of IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, or IL-13 were expressed as fusion proteins containing the major encephalitogenic region of myelin basic protein (MBP). |
| 6506 | 17188704 | In the case of the IL-2 and IL-4 fusion proteins, covalent linkage of the cytokine and neuroantigen domains resulted in synergistic antigen presentation. |
| 6507 | 17190109 | Furthermore, CD4+ T cells from mice fed the low-protein diet showed lower interleukin (IL)-2 production than did those from the 20% group. |
| 6508 | 17196231 | Both MLV and IAV induced a different nature of immunity biased to Th1- and Th2-type, respectively, as judged by the ratio of PrV-specific IgG isotypes (IgG2a/IgG1) and the profile of cytokine IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma production. |
| 6509 | 17201660 | The ability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to suppress T cell expression of CD25 (alpha chain of interleukin [IL]-2 receptor), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was determined by flow cytometry in naive porcine T cells in response to mitogen (concanavalin A) and cytokine inducers (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin [PMA/I]). |
| 6510 | 17201660 | Joseph, MO), demonstrated significantly reduced CD25 expression (%CD25(+)) and IFN-gamma expression (%IFN-gamma (+)) compared with T cells incubated with uninoculated monocyte cultures. |
| 6511 | 17201665 | Cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, and interferon-) in culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 6512 | 17204185 | [Construction of fusion gene between IgGHV and IL-2 as IgHV nucleic acid vaccine against lymphoma]. |
| 6513 | 17204185 | The purpose of this study was to construct the IgHV and IL-2 coexpressed vector. |
| 6514 | 17204185 | Meanwhile, the gene fragments of IgHV linked with gene of IL-2 were inserted into pcDNA3.0 to form a fusion gene of IgHV-IL-2. |
| 6515 | 17204185 | The 3' end of IgHV was linked to IL-2 gene, and IL-2 could be correctly expressed. |
| 6516 | 17204185 | [Construction of fusion gene between IgGHV and IL-2 as IgHV nucleic acid vaccine against lymphoma]. |
| 6517 | 17204185 | The purpose of this study was to construct the IgHV and IL-2 coexpressed vector. |
| 6518 | 17204185 | Meanwhile, the gene fragments of IgHV linked with gene of IL-2 were inserted into pcDNA3.0 to form a fusion gene of IgHV-IL-2. |
| 6519 | 17204185 | The 3' end of IgHV was linked to IL-2 gene, and IL-2 could be correctly expressed. |
| 6520 | 17204185 | [Construction of fusion gene between IgGHV and IL-2 as IgHV nucleic acid vaccine against lymphoma]. |
| 6521 | 17204185 | The purpose of this study was to construct the IgHV and IL-2 coexpressed vector. |
| 6522 | 17204185 | Meanwhile, the gene fragments of IgHV linked with gene of IL-2 were inserted into pcDNA3.0 to form a fusion gene of IgHV-IL-2. |
| 6523 | 17204185 | The 3' end of IgHV was linked to IL-2 gene, and IL-2 could be correctly expressed. |
| 6524 | 17204185 | [Construction of fusion gene between IgGHV and IL-2 as IgHV nucleic acid vaccine against lymphoma]. |
| 6525 | 17204185 | The purpose of this study was to construct the IgHV and IL-2 coexpressed vector. |
| 6526 | 17204185 | Meanwhile, the gene fragments of IgHV linked with gene of IL-2 were inserted into pcDNA3.0 to form a fusion gene of IgHV-IL-2. |
| 6527 | 17204185 | The 3' end of IgHV was linked to IL-2 gene, and IL-2 could be correctly expressed. |
| 6528 | 17210720 | Depletion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) by treatment with alphaCD25 antibody synergizes with vaccination protocols to engender protective immunity in mice. |
| 6529 | 17210720 | The effectiveness of targeting CD25 to eliminate Treg is limited by the fact that CD25, the low-affinity interleukin-2 receptor, is up-regulated on conventional T cells. |
| 6530 | 17219095 | The results of mixed lymphocyte-tumor reaction (MLTR) showed that the increased IL-2, IFN-gamma secretion, and specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) could be effectively induced from the splenic lymphocytes of the mice immunized with Exo/SEA-TM. |
| 6531 | 17219095 | In vivo depletion experiments showed that CD8(+) T cells are the main effector cells, and both CD4(+) T cells and NK cells are also involved in the antitumor effect of Exo/SEA-TM immunization. |
| 6532 | 17219949 | Then a 23 amino-acid signal peptide of human interleukin-2 (IL-2) upstream Sj14 or Sj26 gene and a membrane-anchored sequence containing 32 amino-acids of carboxyl-terminal of human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) downstream were amplified by PCR as the template of plasmid pVAC-Sj14 or pVAC-Sj26 only to get two gene fragments including Sj14 gene and Sj26 gene. |
| 6533 | 17223970 | Production of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 accompanies T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine responses to a major thyroid self-antigen, thyroglobulin, in health and autoimmune thyroid disease. |
| 6534 | 17223970 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma exert detrimental effects in organ-specific autoimmune disease, while both destructive and protective roles have been demonstrated for interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 6535 | 17223970 | Initially, TNF-alpha and IL-2 were produced in all three groups, accompanied by IL-10. |
| 6536 | 17223970 | Release of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and, notably, IL-5 ensued. |
| 6537 | 17223970 | Both patient groups exhibited increased TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses, and PBMC from HT patients secreted lower amounts of IL-5 than male, but not female, controls. |
| 6538 | 17223970 | Conversely, higher production of TNF-alpha and IL-5 occurred in the presence of autologous sera than in the presence of pooled normal sera in both patient groups, indicating a dependency on serum constituents. |
| 6539 | 17223970 | Complement appeared to promote the production of IL-2 and particularly IL-5, the levels of which were reduced by neutralization of complement by heat- or zymosan treatment. |
| 6540 | 17223970 | The production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 of the three groups together correlated directly with the serum anti-Tg activity. |
| 6541 | 17223970 | Moreover, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-5 and IL-10 responses were markedly inhibited by partial denaturation of Tg by boiling. |
| 6542 | 17223970 | Production of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 accompanies T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine responses to a major thyroid self-antigen, thyroglobulin, in health and autoimmune thyroid disease. |
| 6543 | 17223970 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma exert detrimental effects in organ-specific autoimmune disease, while both destructive and protective roles have been demonstrated for interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 6544 | 17223970 | Initially, TNF-alpha and IL-2 were produced in all three groups, accompanied by IL-10. |
| 6545 | 17223970 | Release of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and, notably, IL-5 ensued. |
| 6546 | 17223970 | Both patient groups exhibited increased TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses, and PBMC from HT patients secreted lower amounts of IL-5 than male, but not female, controls. |
| 6547 | 17223970 | Conversely, higher production of TNF-alpha and IL-5 occurred in the presence of autologous sera than in the presence of pooled normal sera in both patient groups, indicating a dependency on serum constituents. |
| 6548 | 17223970 | Complement appeared to promote the production of IL-2 and particularly IL-5, the levels of which were reduced by neutralization of complement by heat- or zymosan treatment. |
| 6549 | 17223970 | The production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 of the three groups together correlated directly with the serum anti-Tg activity. |
| 6550 | 17223970 | Moreover, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-5 and IL-10 responses were markedly inhibited by partial denaturation of Tg by boiling. |
| 6551 | 17223970 | Production of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 accompanies T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine responses to a major thyroid self-antigen, thyroglobulin, in health and autoimmune thyroid disease. |
| 6552 | 17223970 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma exert detrimental effects in organ-specific autoimmune disease, while both destructive and protective roles have been demonstrated for interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 6553 | 17223970 | Initially, TNF-alpha and IL-2 were produced in all three groups, accompanied by IL-10. |
| 6554 | 17223970 | Release of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and, notably, IL-5 ensued. |
| 6555 | 17223970 | Both patient groups exhibited increased TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses, and PBMC from HT patients secreted lower amounts of IL-5 than male, but not female, controls. |
| 6556 | 17223970 | Conversely, higher production of TNF-alpha and IL-5 occurred in the presence of autologous sera than in the presence of pooled normal sera in both patient groups, indicating a dependency on serum constituents. |
| 6557 | 17223970 | Complement appeared to promote the production of IL-2 and particularly IL-5, the levels of which were reduced by neutralization of complement by heat- or zymosan treatment. |
| 6558 | 17223970 | The production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 of the three groups together correlated directly with the serum anti-Tg activity. |
| 6559 | 17223970 | Moreover, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-5 and IL-10 responses were markedly inhibited by partial denaturation of Tg by boiling. |
| 6560 | 17223970 | Production of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 accompanies T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine responses to a major thyroid self-antigen, thyroglobulin, in health and autoimmune thyroid disease. |
| 6561 | 17223970 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma exert detrimental effects in organ-specific autoimmune disease, while both destructive and protective roles have been demonstrated for interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 6562 | 17223970 | Initially, TNF-alpha and IL-2 were produced in all three groups, accompanied by IL-10. |
| 6563 | 17223970 | Release of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and, notably, IL-5 ensued. |
| 6564 | 17223970 | Both patient groups exhibited increased TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses, and PBMC from HT patients secreted lower amounts of IL-5 than male, but not female, controls. |
| 6565 | 17223970 | Conversely, higher production of TNF-alpha and IL-5 occurred in the presence of autologous sera than in the presence of pooled normal sera in both patient groups, indicating a dependency on serum constituents. |
| 6566 | 17223970 | Complement appeared to promote the production of IL-2 and particularly IL-5, the levels of which were reduced by neutralization of complement by heat- or zymosan treatment. |
| 6567 | 17223970 | The production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 of the three groups together correlated directly with the serum anti-Tg activity. |
| 6568 | 17223970 | Moreover, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-5 and IL-10 responses were markedly inhibited by partial denaturation of Tg by boiling. |
| 6569 | 17230439 | Although phosphoantigen activated immediately a strong release of systemic Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha), it further anergized blood gammadelta T lymphocytes selectively. |
| 6570 | 17242926 | Results showed that vaccination with GFT cells resulted in increased serum antibody to a PAIII cell lysate; reduced weight of the prostate/seminal vesicle complex and reduced incidence of prostate cancer in nude mice; increased splenocyte supernatant levels of TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-12, cytokines associated with Th1 immunity; and increased splenocyte supernatant levels of IL-4 and IL-10, cytokines associated with Th2 immunity. |
| 6571 | 17283172 | Two delivery systems, cDNA delivered by gene gun and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-like replicon particles (VRP), both encoding mouse STEAP (mSTEAP) and three vaccination strategies were used. |
| 6572 | 17283172 | Our results show that mSTEAP-based vaccination was able to induce a specific CD8 T-cell response against a newly defined mSTEAP epitope that prolonged the overall survival rate in tumor-challenged mice very significantly. |
| 6573 | 17283172 | Surprisingly, CD4 T cells that produced IFNgamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) played the main role in tumor rejection in our model as shown by using CD4- and CD8-deficient mice. |
| 6574 | 17312111 | Splenocyte cultures from the mice coadministrated with WNV E DIII protein and CpG secreted large amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and showed proliferation of T cells in the presence of WNV E DIII protein. |
| 6575 | 17335944 | ELISA analysis revealed there were predominant production of IFNgamma and IL-2 cytokines as compared to IL-4, and IL-10 productions in DS-treated mice. |
| 6576 | 17335944 | Our studies show that DS protects mice against disseminated candidiasis by the CD4+ Th1 immune response. |
| 6577 | 17346863 | The immunization induced F. tularensis-specific antibody responses in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, as well as antigen-specific splenocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma and IL-2 production. |
| 6578 | 17372991 | For CD8(+ )T cells, successful generation of memory cells has been linked to IL-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Ralpha) expression, suggesting a role for IL-7 signaling, which in turn is important for preventing T cell apoptosis. |
| 6579 | 17372991 | We thus investigated the kinetics and changes of IL-7Ralpha and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression levels in tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific CD4(+ )T cells at different time points prior and after TT re-immunization of TT-immune individuals. |
| 6580 | 17372991 | Prior to re-immunization, most TT-specific CD4(+ )T cells were high IL-2 producers, CD45RA(-)CCR7(+), IL-7Ralpha(high)Bcl-2(high) cells, resembling typical long-lived central memory cells. |
| 6581 | 17372991 | Already 5 days, and more importantly at the peak of the response, after TT re-immunization, a substantial fraction of these cells secreted also IFN-gamma, down-regulated CCR7, IL-7Ralpha and Bcl-2 and became Ki67 positive, resembling effector memory cells. |
| 6582 | 17372991 | Interestingly, a significant fraction of IL-7Ralpha(high)Bcl-2(high) TT-specific CD4(+ )T cells, i.e. the proposed memory cell precursors, remained stable at any time point upon re-immunization. |
| 6583 | 17397028 | Compared with the native peptide, the agonist (i) bound to HLA-A2 molecules at lower peptide concentrations, (ii) demonstrated a higher stability of the peptide HLA-A2 complex, (iii) induced higher levels of production of IFN-gamma, Granzyme B, TNF-alpha, IL-2 and lymphotactin by PAGE4-specific T-cell lines and (iv) T-cell lines generated against the agonist peptide were more efficient to lyse HLA-A2 human tumor cells expressing native PAGE4. |
| 6584 | 17397893 | The association between HLA homozygosity and measles-specific Th(1) (IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12p40) and Th(2) (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine responses were assessed in a group of 339 healthy schoolchildren 12-18 years of age previously immunized with two doses of live-attenuated measles virus vaccine. |
| 6585 | 17408744 | Similarly three- to fivefold more amounts of IL-2 and IFN-gamma were secreted by immune splenocytes in response to in vitro re-stimulation with peptidomimics. |
| 6586 | 17412629 | Immunoprotection led to reversal of DTH anergy, increased levels of antibodies and pulmonary IL-12, IL-2 and IL-4 indicating a balanced type 1/type 2 response. |
| 6587 | 17412629 | Depletion experiments showed that immunoprotection required the cooperative action of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in association with IFN-gamma and IL-12. |
| 6588 | 17418457 | Although high ratios of specific IgG2a/IgG1 were measured against both proteins, only spleen cells from GRA2-immunized mice and mix-immunized mice produced high amounts of both IFN-gamma and IL-2 upon induction with Toxoplasma gondii Excretory-Secretory Antigens. |
| 6589 | 17429840 | Here we show that this response is dependent upon antigen-responsive CD4 T cells, at least across transwell membranes; this requirement cannot be replaced by IL-2. |
| 6590 | 17429840 | Primed WC1(+) gammadelta T cells circulated as CD62L(hi)/CD45RO(int)/CD44(lo), characteristics of T(CM) cells. |
| 6591 | 17429840 | When stimulated with antigen, they decreased CD62L, increased CD44 and CD25, and had no change in CD45RO expression. |
| 6592 | 17430546 | In response to in vitro stimulation with SLA, spleen cells from mice that had received oligomannose-coated liposomes encasing SLA (SLA-OML) displayed greater interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 production and lower IL-4 and IL-5 production than spleen cells from mice that had received SLA alone, indicating that the SLA-specific Th1 immune response had predominantly been induced in the mice that had received SLA-OML. |
| 6593 | 17440051 | SIV-specific CD8+ T cells express high levels of PD1 and cytokines but have impaired proliferative capacity in acute and chronic SIVmac251 infection. |
| 6594 | 17440051 | Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a critical mediator of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. |
| 6595 | 17440051 | Here, we examined the expression of PD-1 on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8+ T cells and its possible involvement in regulation of cytokine production, proliferation, and survival of these cells. |
| 6596 | 17440051 | The majority of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells expressed a PD-1(high) phenotype, independent of their differentiation status, in all tissues tested. |
| 6597 | 17440051 | PD-1 expression gradually declined on CD8+ T cells specific for SIV-derived epitopes that had undergone mutational escape, indicating that antigen-specific TCR stimulation is the primary determinant of PD-1 expression. |
| 6598 | 17440051 | SIV-specific PD-1(high)CD8+ T cells produced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 under cognate peptide stimulation. |
| 6599 | 17440051 | While CD8+ T cells that proliferated in response to antigen had a PD-1(high) phenotype, it was determined that there was a reduced proliferative capacity of PD-1(high) compared with PD-1(low) SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 6600 | 17440051 | PD-1(high) SIV-specific CD8+ T cells were highly susceptible to cell death leading to loss of such cells after in vitro stimulation. |
| 6601 | 17440051 | Thus, PD-1 is a negative regulator of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells, operating predominantly through the induction of cell death. |
| 6602 | 17440051 | Manipulation of the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands could thus potentially restore the CD8+ T-cell responses in SIV infection. |
| 6603 | 17446015 | The immune stimulating activity was studied by measuring serum anti-HBsAg titer and cytokines level (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) following topical applications of plasmid DNA loaded cationic transfersomes in Balb/c mice and results were compared with naked DNA applied topically as well as naked DNA and pure recombinant HBsAg administered intramuscularly. |
| 6604 | 17447028 | The results showed that HIV-1 specific antibody in serum and increased T lymphocyte subsets (CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T) were detected in the immunization group. |
| 6605 | 17447028 | CTL target-killing activity and higher secretion of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-2) of spleen lymphocytes stimulated by H-2(d)-restricted CTL peptide were observed in immunized mice. |
| 6606 | 17451293 | Thus, Th l type cells produce IL-2 and IFN y, whereas Th 2 cells produce IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 6607 | 17451739 | Here we describe extensive studies to optimize and quantitatively validate the 8-color ICS assay for use in clinical trials of candidate vaccines, which includes measurement of viable IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha and IL-4 producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 6608 | 17464770 | The frequency of IFN-gamma and IL-2 expressing CD4(+)/CD8(+)T-cell subsets was significantly higher with a concomitant reduction in IL-4 and IL-10 expression in the vaccine-treated group (p<0.0001) compared with the untreated controls. |
| 6609 | 17485666 | After immunizations, all animals developed an HCV-specific immune response including IFN-gamma(+), IL-2(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cell and proliferative lymphocyte responses against core, E1, and E2. |
| 6610 | 17514769 | Allogeneic retrovirally transduced, IL-2- and IFN-gamma-secreting cancer cell vaccine in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer--a phase I clinical trial. |
| 6611 | 17523874 | In the first set of experiments, PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with tinctures alone and assayed for proliferation and production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 6612 | 17523874 | PBMCs from vaccinated individuals were stimulated in vitro with Echinacea tinctures and influenza virus; cytokine production (IL-2, IL-10, and interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) was compared prevaccination and postvaccination. |
| 6613 | 17523874 | In the first experiments, (1) tinctures from E. angustifolia, E. pallida, E. paradoxa, and E. tennesseensis stimulated proliferation and tended to increase IL-10, (2) E. sanguinea and E. simulata stimulated only proliferation, (3) E. purpurea stimulated only IL-10, and (4) none of the extracts influenced IL-12 or TNF-alpha. |
| 6614 | 17523874 | In the second experiments, (1) tinctures from E. pallida, E. paradoxa, E. sanguinea, and E. simulata diminished influenza-specific IL-2, and (2) none of the extracts influenced influenza-specific IL-10 or IFN-gamma. |
| 6615 | 17523874 | In the first set of experiments, PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with tinctures alone and assayed for proliferation and production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 6616 | 17523874 | PBMCs from vaccinated individuals were stimulated in vitro with Echinacea tinctures and influenza virus; cytokine production (IL-2, IL-10, and interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) was compared prevaccination and postvaccination. |
| 6617 | 17523874 | In the first experiments, (1) tinctures from E. angustifolia, E. pallida, E. paradoxa, and E. tennesseensis stimulated proliferation and tended to increase IL-10, (2) E. sanguinea and E. simulata stimulated only proliferation, (3) E. purpurea stimulated only IL-10, and (4) none of the extracts influenced IL-12 or TNF-alpha. |
| 6618 | 17523874 | In the second experiments, (1) tinctures from E. pallida, E. paradoxa, E. sanguinea, and E. simulata diminished influenza-specific IL-2, and (2) none of the extracts influenced influenza-specific IL-10 or IFN-gamma. |
| 6619 | 17535971 | Vaccinia virus-specific CD8(+) T cells induced by both MVA and Dryvax were highly polyfunctional; they degranulated and produced interferon gamma, interleukin 2, macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha after antigenic stimulation. |
| 6620 | 17535971 | Responding CD8(+) T cells exhibited an unusual phenotype (CD45RO(-)CD27(intermediate)). |
| 6621 | 17549472 | In the group with only one invaded lymph node, the estimated relapse rate was significantly lower (P (adjusted) = 0.0219) and the overall survival was increased (P (adjusted) = 0.0125) in the TIL+IL-2 arm compared with the IL-2 only arm. |
| 6622 | 17553885 | Virus-specific CD4 T cells are endowed with multiple functions, such as cytokine production, CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression (associated with the costimulation of CD8 and B cells), and degranulation (associated with cytotoxic potential). |
| 6623 | 17553885 | CD4 T cells specific for each of the viruses produced all seven possible combinations of the cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. |
| 6624 | 17558415 | Here, using multiparameter flow cytometry to assess the immune responses after immunization, we show that the degree of protection against Leishmania major infection in mice is predicted by the frequency of CD4+ T cells simultaneously producing interferon-gamma, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor. |
| 6625 | 17561317 | In vitro restimulation of lymphocytes from the Protollin-eRSV immunized mice with F (MHC-I) and G (MHC-II) peptides elicited F peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells and supernatant IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-2 and IL-10 while the formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine elicited predominantly IL-5. |
| 6626 | 17563737 | PBMC were collected at 6, 9 and 15 months after transplantation and stimulated with a combination of CD2 and CD28 monoclonal antibodies, with PHA or with tetanus toxoid as recall antigen. |
| 6627 | 17563737 | A multiplex enzyme linked immunoassay was used to determine levels of Th1 cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, the regulatory cytokine IL-10 and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and the chemokine IL-8. |
| 6628 | 17563737 | Production of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 was superior to production of Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 6629 | 17570535 | Here we report on the construction of a fusion protein consisting of a tuberculosis vaccine candidate mycolyl-transferase antigen 85A (Ag85A, Rv3804c) coupled to the outer membrane lipoprotein I (OprI) from Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, a documented TLR2/TLR4 trigger. |
| 6630 | 17570535 | Intranasal priming of C57BL/6 mice with live, attenuated Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, followed by intranasal boosting with OprI-Ag85A increased systemic and local antigen-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 responses in spleen, draining cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes and particularly in lung tissue, as compared to responses in mice only vaccinated with BCG vaccine. |
| 6631 | 17579032 | During the primary immune response, we show generation of CD8+ memory T cell precursors expressing lymphoid homing molecules (CCR7, L-selectin) and homeostatic cytokine receptors (IL-7alpha, IL-2/IL-15beta). |
| 6632 | 17579032 | During long-term persistent infection, central-memory cells constitute 20-50% of the virus-specific CD8+ T cell population and maintain the expression of L-selectin, CCR7, and IL-7R molecules. |
| 6633 | 17579032 | Functional analyses demonstrate that during viral persistence: 1) CD8+ T cells maintain TCR affinity for peptide/MHC complexes, 2) the functional avidity of CD8+ T cells measured as the capacity to produce IFN-gamma is preserved intact, and 3) virus-specific CD8+ T cells have in vivo killing capacity. |
| 6634 | 17579577 | In the prime/boost-immunized animals, a significant proportion of CD8(+) T cells were stained positive for both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), a feature that has been associated with control of HIV-1 infection in long-term non-progressors. |
| 6635 | 17584532 | Neither granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) nor an immunogenic MHC class II-presented "helper" peptide increased the size of epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses elicited by peptide+CpG-containing vaccines. |
| 6636 | 17584532 | In contrast, low-dose subcutaneous interleukin (IL)-2 dramatically increased the size of splenic and peripheral blood epitope-specific CD8(+) T cell responses generated by peptide+CpG-containing vaccines. |
| 6637 | 17586093 | Bejon and colleagues propose that levels of rapidly induced (effector memory) interleukin-2 and interferon gamma producing T-cells after vaccination with leading pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines predict the induction of resting memory responses (central memory). |
| 6638 | 17589294 | Cytoplasmic interferon-gamma production by freshly thawed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (direct ex vivo analysis) or by peripheral blood mononuclear cells subjected to 1 cycle of in vitro sensitization with peptide, interleukin-2, and interleukin-15 was measured following restimulation with the modified and native gp100 peptides, and also A2gp100 melanoma cell lines. |
| 6639 | 17595664 | Immunotherapy for neuroblastoma using syngeneic fibroblasts transfected with IL-2 and IL-12. |
| 6640 | 17595664 | Here we have compared the antitumour effect of fibroblasts and tumour cells transfected ex vivo to coexpress interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-12 in a syngeneic mouse model of neuroblastoma. |
| 6641 | 17595664 | We conclude that syngeneic fibroblasts cotransfected with IL-2 and IL-12 mediate therapeutic effects against established disease, and are capable of generating immunological memory. |
| 6642 | 17595664 | Immunotherapy for neuroblastoma using syngeneic fibroblasts transfected with IL-2 and IL-12. |
| 6643 | 17595664 | Here we have compared the antitumour effect of fibroblasts and tumour cells transfected ex vivo to coexpress interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-12 in a syngeneic mouse model of neuroblastoma. |
| 6644 | 17595664 | We conclude that syngeneic fibroblasts cotransfected with IL-2 and IL-12 mediate therapeutic effects against established disease, and are capable of generating immunological memory. |
| 6645 | 17595664 | Immunotherapy for neuroblastoma using syngeneic fibroblasts transfected with IL-2 and IL-12. |
| 6646 | 17595664 | Here we have compared the antitumour effect of fibroblasts and tumour cells transfected ex vivo to coexpress interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-12 in a syngeneic mouse model of neuroblastoma. |
| 6647 | 17595664 | We conclude that syngeneic fibroblasts cotransfected with IL-2 and IL-12 mediate therapeutic effects against established disease, and are capable of generating immunological memory. |
| 6648 | 17596432 | In vaccine recipients, incubation with L1 VLP in vitro led to a statistically significant increase in production of Th1 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-2 [IL-2], gamma interferon; P < 0.0007) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13; P < 0.0017) cytokines and the chemokine IP-10 (P = 0.0021) at month 2 after immunization, compared to levels seen prior to vaccination. |
| 6649 | 17604883 | In this study, we designed and characterized a mutant form of Tat ("STLA Tat"), which is unable to transactivate viral transcription, and which has lost the deleterious effects on the expression of MHC I, IL-2, and CD25 genes compared with wild-type Tat, as observed in lymphoid Jurkat cells that stably express the tat genes. |
| 6650 | 17606603 | Analysis of the cellular immune responses of immunized, uninfected mice demonstrated that the vaccine induced a significant increase in CD4(+) T cells producing gamma interferon, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor cytokines, indicating a Th1-type immune response. |
| 6651 | 17608690 | This phenomenon was not related to the ability of both DC to induce CD25 expression on T cells, to lower secretion of interleukin-2, or to raise production of interleukin-10 during T-cell/16(-) mDC cocultures. |
| 6652 | 17629376 | The Th(1) (TNF-alpha, IL-12p70, IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th(2) (IL-10, IL-4 and IL-5) cytokine profiles were analyzed after stimulation of spleen cells from mice immunized with purified RF-412 protein. |
| 6653 | 17675478 | Lipopeptide recalled D(b)PA(224)-specific CTL produced lower levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, but produced similar levels of IL-2 when compared with D(b)PA(224)-specific CTL recalled after virus infection. |
| 6654 | 17681650 | The DNA-IL-12(+) group had stronger antigen-specific IFN-gamma ELISPOT activities and higher levels of antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses than either the DNA-IL-12(-) or positive control groups. |
| 6655 | 17681650 | In addition, its mean concentrations of IFN-gamma and IL-2 were about 2.5- to 4.5-fold higher than those observed in the DNA-IL-12(-)-treated mice, and were significantly higher than control groups (P<0.01 or P<0.001), whereas IL-4 and IL-10 secretion were lower. |
| 6656 | 17682721 | [CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte responses against malaria]. |
| 6657 | 17682721 | The development and maintenance of memory CD8+ T cell response are closely related to the CD4+ T cells together with interleukin (IL)-4, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-2. |
| 6658 | 17682721 | CD4+ T cells also play a triple role in the immune response to malaria parasites; by activating B cells to produce high level of antimalarial antibodies, by enhancing the induction of CD8+ T cell responses, and by inhibiting the development of liver stage parasites. |
| 6659 | 17682721 | Although it has been known much about CD8+ T and CD4+ T cell responses, cross-talking mechanisms of these cells, and other factors which contribute to this response during malaria so far, many questions also need to be answered in the future. |
| 6660 | 17682721 | In this review article, CD8+ T and CD4+ T cell responses to malaria infection have been discussed in the light of current literature. |
| 6661 | 17686554 | In addition, after in vitro stimulation with rSurA, spleen cells from rSurA-immunized mice produced interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 6662 | 17686554 | Spleen cells from mice immunized with rDnaK plus adjuvant secreted IFN-gamma and IL-2 upon stimulation with rDnaK and induced a specific cytotoxic response. |
| 6663 | 17686554 | In addition, after in vitro stimulation with rSurA, spleen cells from rSurA-immunized mice produced interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 6664 | 17686554 | Spleen cells from mice immunized with rDnaK plus adjuvant secreted IFN-gamma and IL-2 upon stimulation with rDnaK and induced a specific cytotoxic response. |
| 6665 | 17709416 | Elevated numbers of granulocytes, CD8+ cells, and TCR1+ cells and mRNA expression rates for interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha factor, and iNOS in cecum correlated well with the invasiveness of serovars in the lamina propria. |
| 6666 | 17709416 | In contrast, changes in numbers of TCR2+ and CD4+ cells and IL-2 mRNA expression seemed to be more dependent on infection of epithelial cells. |
| 6667 | 17709486 | Novel exosome-targeted CD4+ T cell vaccine counteracting CD4+25+ regulatory T cell-mediated immune suppression and stimulating efficient central memory CD8+ CTL responses. |
| 6668 | 17709486 | These EXO(OVA)-uptaken (targeted) CD4+ aT cells can stimulate CD8+ T cell proliferation and differentiation into central memory CD8+ CTLs and induce more efficient in vivo antitumor immunity and long-term CD8+ T cell memory responses than OVA-pulsed dendritic cells. |
| 6669 | 17709486 | They can also counteract CD4+25+ regulatory T cell-mediated suppression of in vitro CD8+ T cell proliferation and in vivo CD8+ CTL responses and antitumor immunity. |
| 6670 | 17709486 | We further elucidate that the EXO(OVA)-uptaken (targeted)CD4+ aT cell's stimulatory effect is mediated via its IL-2 secretion and acquired exosomal CD80 costimulation and is specifically delivered to CD8+ T cells in vivo via acquired exosomal peptide/MHC class I complexes. |
| 6671 | 17709504 | Although CD4+ T cell-directed dendritic cell vaccination primed effector-like (CD44(high)CD62L(low), IL-2(+), IFN-gamma(+)) and central memory-like lymphocytes (CD44(high)CD62L(high), only IL-2(+)) in tumor-free mice, this was not the case in tumor-bearing animals in which both priming and persistence of CD4+ T cell memory were suppressed. |
| 6672 | 17728221 | Here, we evaluate the cytokine coexpression profiles of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4 T cells for the expression of the cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. |
| 6673 | 17765942 | Antigen stimulation of the CD4(+) T cells elicited production of high amounts of CCR5 chemokines MIP-1alpha (CCL3), MIP-1beta (CCL4), and RANTES (CCL5). |
| 6674 | 17765942 | Production of these CCR5 ligands was more readily and reproducibly detected than that of IFN-gamma or IL-2. |
| 6675 | 17765942 | Conversely, in the absence of antigen stimulation, the cells were readily infected by the virus, and after infection, their capacity to produce MIP-1beta and IFN-gamma rapidly declined. |
| 6676 | 17823271 | HIV-1-specific helper-T-cell activity was studied by measuring the levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2) produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the granule-dependent CTL activity by measuring the intracellular levels of perforin and granzyme B expression in CD8+ T cells after stimulation with gag p24 antigen. |
| 6677 | 17823271 | The levels of perforin and granzyme B expression in CD8+ T cells were also higher among EU individuals than among healthy controls. |
| 6678 | 17868957 | Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a fusion gene of porcine IL-4 and IL-6 (PIL4/IL6) packaged with chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in terms of the development of a novel effective adjuvant. |
| 6679 | 17868957 | Furthermore, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 increased remarkably in the sera of immunized mice (P<0.05). |
| 6680 | 17868958 | Antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to amplicon and adenovirus (rAd5) vectors encoding HIV-1 gp120 were assessed following immunization of mice, by performing intracellular cytokine staining for IFNgamma, IL2 and TNFalpha, following stimulation of splenocytes with a HIV-1 Env peptide pool. |
| 6681 | 17881444 | In contrast, the functional profiles of both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, assessed by measuring antigen-stimulated gamma interferon and interleukin-2 production, were not predominantly shaped by the boosting immunogen. |
| 6682 | 17881444 | Expression of the memory-associated molecule CD27 on effector CD8+ T cells decreased following heterologous but not homologous boosting, resulting in a phenotypic profile similar to that seen on primary CD8+ T cells. |
| 6683 | 17881504 | In this study, we determined if the sensitivity of the currently available in vitro test to detect bovine tuberculosis could be enhanced by adding the following immunomodulators: interleukin-2 (IL-2); granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); antibodies neutralizing IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta); mono-methyl-l-arginine, which blocks nitric oxide production; and l-methyl-tryptophan, which interferes with the indoleamine dioxygenase pathway. |
| 6684 | 17881504 | Mono-methyl-l-arginine, l-methyl-tryptophan, or an antibody neutralizing TGF-beta had minimal impact on IFN-gamma production. |
| 6685 | 17881504 | IL-2 and GM-CSF promoted IFN-gamma release whether antigen was present or not. |
| 6686 | 17881504 | In this study, we determined if the sensitivity of the currently available in vitro test to detect bovine tuberculosis could be enhanced by adding the following immunomodulators: interleukin-2 (IL-2); granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); antibodies neutralizing IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta); mono-methyl-l-arginine, which blocks nitric oxide production; and l-methyl-tryptophan, which interferes with the indoleamine dioxygenase pathway. |
| 6687 | 17881504 | Mono-methyl-l-arginine, l-methyl-tryptophan, or an antibody neutralizing TGF-beta had minimal impact on IFN-gamma production. |
| 6688 | 17881504 | IL-2 and GM-CSF promoted IFN-gamma release whether antigen was present or not. |
| 6689 | 17884191 | Influence of behavioural lateralization on interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene expression in dogs before and after immunization with rabies vaccine. |
| 6690 | 17884191 | The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes was measured in left-pawed, right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs before and after immunization treatment with a rabies vaccine. |
| 6691 | 17884191 | The results revealed a relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 genes and the direction of behavioural lateralization. |
| 6692 | 17884191 | Under basal conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression was higher in left-pawed dogs than in right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs. |
| 6693 | 17884191 | After the vaccine administration, decreasing levels of IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression were observed in left-pawed and right-pawed dogs, but not in ambidextrous dogs. |
| 6694 | 17884191 | These findings represent the first evidence that brain lateralization may influence the immune system in dogs by the modulation of mRNA gene expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, which have been recognized as key immune-regulatory proteins. |
| 6695 | 17884191 | Influence of behavioural lateralization on interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene expression in dogs before and after immunization with rabies vaccine. |
| 6696 | 17884191 | The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes was measured in left-pawed, right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs before and after immunization treatment with a rabies vaccine. |
| 6697 | 17884191 | The results revealed a relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 genes and the direction of behavioural lateralization. |
| 6698 | 17884191 | Under basal conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression was higher in left-pawed dogs than in right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs. |
| 6699 | 17884191 | After the vaccine administration, decreasing levels of IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression were observed in left-pawed and right-pawed dogs, but not in ambidextrous dogs. |
| 6700 | 17884191 | These findings represent the first evidence that brain lateralization may influence the immune system in dogs by the modulation of mRNA gene expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, which have been recognized as key immune-regulatory proteins. |
| 6701 | 17884191 | Influence of behavioural lateralization on interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene expression in dogs before and after immunization with rabies vaccine. |
| 6702 | 17884191 | The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes was measured in left-pawed, right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs before and after immunization treatment with a rabies vaccine. |
| 6703 | 17884191 | The results revealed a relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 genes and the direction of behavioural lateralization. |
| 6704 | 17884191 | Under basal conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression was higher in left-pawed dogs than in right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs. |
| 6705 | 17884191 | After the vaccine administration, decreasing levels of IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression were observed in left-pawed and right-pawed dogs, but not in ambidextrous dogs. |
| 6706 | 17884191 | These findings represent the first evidence that brain lateralization may influence the immune system in dogs by the modulation of mRNA gene expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, which have been recognized as key immune-regulatory proteins. |
| 6707 | 17884191 | Influence of behavioural lateralization on interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene expression in dogs before and after immunization with rabies vaccine. |
| 6708 | 17884191 | The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes was measured in left-pawed, right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs before and after immunization treatment with a rabies vaccine. |
| 6709 | 17884191 | The results revealed a relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 genes and the direction of behavioural lateralization. |
| 6710 | 17884191 | Under basal conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression was higher in left-pawed dogs than in right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs. |
| 6711 | 17884191 | After the vaccine administration, decreasing levels of IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression were observed in left-pawed and right-pawed dogs, but not in ambidextrous dogs. |
| 6712 | 17884191 | These findings represent the first evidence that brain lateralization may influence the immune system in dogs by the modulation of mRNA gene expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, which have been recognized as key immune-regulatory proteins. |
| 6713 | 17884191 | Influence of behavioural lateralization on interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene expression in dogs before and after immunization with rabies vaccine. |
| 6714 | 17884191 | The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes was measured in left-pawed, right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs before and after immunization treatment with a rabies vaccine. |
| 6715 | 17884191 | The results revealed a relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 genes and the direction of behavioural lateralization. |
| 6716 | 17884191 | Under basal conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression was higher in left-pawed dogs than in right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs. |
| 6717 | 17884191 | After the vaccine administration, decreasing levels of IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression were observed in left-pawed and right-pawed dogs, but not in ambidextrous dogs. |
| 6718 | 17884191 | These findings represent the first evidence that brain lateralization may influence the immune system in dogs by the modulation of mRNA gene expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, which have been recognized as key immune-regulatory proteins. |
| 6719 | 17884191 | Influence of behavioural lateralization on interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene expression in dogs before and after immunization with rabies vaccine. |
| 6720 | 17884191 | The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes was measured in left-pawed, right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs before and after immunization treatment with a rabies vaccine. |
| 6721 | 17884191 | The results revealed a relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 genes and the direction of behavioural lateralization. |
| 6722 | 17884191 | Under basal conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression was higher in left-pawed dogs than in right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs. |
| 6723 | 17884191 | After the vaccine administration, decreasing levels of IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression were observed in left-pawed and right-pawed dogs, but not in ambidextrous dogs. |
| 6724 | 17884191 | These findings represent the first evidence that brain lateralization may influence the immune system in dogs by the modulation of mRNA gene expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, which have been recognized as key immune-regulatory proteins. |
| 6725 | 17912460 | When compared to monotherapy, the anti-neoplastic efficacy was significantly enhanced when intratumoral Ad.VSV-G administration was combined with adenovirus vectors encoding IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, IL-21, or GM-CSF. |
| 6726 | 17916464 | These include: (a) pathways to activate professional antigen presenting cells, such as through Toll-like receptors, growth factors, such as GM-CSF, and the CD40 pathway; (b) use of cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-12, and Interferon alpha to enhance immune activation; and (c) pathways that inhibit T cell inhibitory signals, or Tregs. |
| 6727 | 17925026 | In high responder monkeys, CD4+IL-2+ responses were more predominant than CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 6728 | 17925026 | Furthermore, CD8+ IFN-gamma responses were detected only in the presence of detectable CD4+ T cell responses. |
| 6729 | 17929411 | In the study, concentrations of IFN-gamma/Il-2 and 1l-4/Il-5 in supernatants of cultured mice splenocytes have been determined to evaluate differences in Th1 or Th2 lymphocytes subpopulation response. |
| 6730 | 17929411 | Simultaneously, studies of intracellular expression of genes encoding of Il-2, Il-12, IFN-gamma and Il-4, Il-5, Il-10, Il-13 in mice splenocytes, and genes encoding factors involved in inflammatory process in the lung tissue (GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, Il-1beta, Il-6 i TGF-beta) have been performed on RNA level. |
| 6731 | 17929411 | In the study, concentrations of IFN-gamma/Il-2 and 1l-4/Il-5 in supernatants of cultured mice splenocytes have been determined to evaluate differences in Th1 or Th2 lymphocytes subpopulation response. |
| 6732 | 17929411 | Simultaneously, studies of intracellular expression of genes encoding of Il-2, Il-12, IFN-gamma and Il-4, Il-5, Il-10, Il-13 in mice splenocytes, and genes encoding factors involved in inflammatory process in the lung tissue (GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, Il-1beta, Il-6 i TGF-beta) have been performed on RNA level. |
| 6733 | 17945538 | In addition to the effect of abatacept on proliferation, T-cell cytokines, IL-2, TNFalpha and IFNgamma were also reduced. |
| 6734 | 17948267 | Promisingly, antigen 85A-specific CD4(+) T cells were found to be highly polyfunctional, producing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2 and MIP-1beta. |
| 6735 | 17948267 | Surface staining showed the responding CD4(+) T cells to be relatively immature (CD45RO(+) CD27(int)CD57(-)); this observation was supported by the robust proliferative responses observed following antigenic stimulation. |
| 6736 | 17954572 | Adjuvanting a DNA vaccine with a TLR9 ligand plus Flt3 ligand results in enhanced cellular immunity against the simian immunodeficiency virus. |
| 6737 | 17954572 | Rhesus macaques were injected with Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3)-ligand (FL) to expand dendritic cells (DCs) and were primed with a DNA vaccine encoding immunodeficiency virus antigens mixed with ligands for TLR9 or TLR7/8. |
| 6738 | 17954572 | TLR9-L (CpG DNA) mediated activation of DCs in vivo and enhanced the magnitude of antigen-specific CD8(+) interferon (IFN) gamma(+) T cells and polyfunctional CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 2. |
| 6739 | 17954725 | Using a rhesus monkey model, we found that LSA1 formulated with the GlaxoSmithKline proprietary adjuvant system AS01B (LSA1/AS01B) was safe and immunogenic, inducing high titers of antigen-specific antibody and CD4+ T-cell responses, as monitored by the production of interleukin-2 and gamma interferon, using intracellular cytokine staining. |
| 6740 | 17959278 | The blood was weekly collected to detect the change of IgG, IgA, IgM, specific antibody, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 by ELISA. |
| 6741 | 17976741 | Our results indicate that the DNA vaccine encoding a fusion of IL-2 and E7 proteins generated the highest frequency of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells. |
| 6742 | 17976741 | In addition, it was observed that CD8(+) T cells were mainly responsible for the antitumor effect generated by the DNA vaccine encoding a fusion of IL-2 and E7 proteins. |
| 6743 | 17976741 | Our results indicate that the DNA vaccine encoding a fusion of IL-2 and E7 proteins generated the highest frequency of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells. |
| 6744 | 17976741 | In addition, it was observed that CD8(+) T cells were mainly responsible for the antitumor effect generated by the DNA vaccine encoding a fusion of IL-2 and E7 proteins. |
| 6745 | 17978011 | We used a multiplex, suspension-array-based immunoassay method to measure 10 proinflammatory (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-6, and IL-8) and immunoregulatory (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-13) cytokines in cervical mucus specimens collected via ophthalmic sponge from 72 healthy, nonpregnant women and correlate their levels with biologic and behavioral covariates in a cross-sectional design. |
| 6746 | 17978011 | Among the covariates examined, the most striking finding was the significant (P < or = 0.05) association between depressed levels of the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 and cigarette smoking. |
| 6747 | 17998917 | Single oral immunization with live BCG also invoked an interleukin-2 response (but not TNF-alpha or IL-4), although the magnitude was not elevated by multiple immunizations. |
| 6748 | 18020597 | Clinical studies of the administration of exogenous IL-2 to HIV-infected patients have demonstrated that it can be given in well tolerated doses and that it can increase and sustain the number of CD4+ cells while only transiently affecting viral proliferation, especially when given to patients with CD4+ counts >200 cells/mm(3). |
| 6749 | 18033308 | This approach combined suicide gene therapy with a subcutaneous vaccine composed by formolized tumor cells and irradiated xenogeneic cells producing human interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 6750 | 18041638 | Additionally, cytokines (interleukin-2; IL-2 and interferon-gamma; IFN-gamma) level in the spleen homogenates was also determined. |
| 6751 | 18041638 | Furthermore, the stabilized lectinized nanoparticles elicited sIgA in the mucosal secretion and IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the spleen homogenates. |
| 6752 | 18041638 | Additionally, cytokines (interleukin-2; IL-2 and interferon-gamma; IFN-gamma) level in the spleen homogenates was also determined. |
| 6753 | 18041638 | Furthermore, the stabilized lectinized nanoparticles elicited sIgA in the mucosal secretion and IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the spleen homogenates. |
| 6754 | 18065664 | It was found that mice immunized via the intramuscular route elicited a purely cell-mediated immune response to the DNA vaccine, with high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-2 detected in the S1-stimulated splenocyte supernatants and no serum IgG. |
| 6755 | 18065664 | Immunization with DTaP elicited a typically strong T-helper (Th)2-polarized immune response with significantly higher titres of serum IgG than in the DNA vaccine group, but a relatively weak Th1 response with low levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 detected in the supernatants of antigen-stimulated splenocytes. |
| 6756 | 18065664 | It was found that mice immunized via the intramuscular route elicited a purely cell-mediated immune response to the DNA vaccine, with high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-2 detected in the S1-stimulated splenocyte supernatants and no serum IgG. |
| 6757 | 18065664 | Immunization with DTaP elicited a typically strong T-helper (Th)2-polarized immune response with significantly higher titres of serum IgG than in the DNA vaccine group, but a relatively weak Th1 response with low levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 detected in the supernatants of antigen-stimulated splenocytes. |
| 6758 | 18085063 | The activation of memory T cells results in cascades of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8), and other chemical mediators that increase vascular endothelial permeability or trigger death of target cells through apoptosis. |
| 6759 | 18157014 | Phase II trial of B7-1 (CD-86) transduced, cultured autologous tumor cell vaccine plus subcutaneous interleukin-2 for treatment of stage IV renal cell carcinoma. |
| 6760 | 18160013 | Immunogenicity in macaques of the clinical product for a clade B DNA/MVA HIV vaccine: elicitation of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha coproducing CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 6761 | 18160013 | Both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses had high frequencies of cytokine coproducing cells with >50% of the memory cells coproducing multiple cytokines including IL-2. |
| 6762 | 18160013 | Immunogenicity in macaques of the clinical product for a clade B DNA/MVA HIV vaccine: elicitation of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha coproducing CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 6763 | 18160013 | Both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses had high frequencies of cytokine coproducing cells with >50% of the memory cells coproducing multiple cytokines including IL-2. |
| 6764 | 18164612 | In the first study, 60 patients in France and the UK received injections of SRL172, and their survival was compared with that of historical controls who had been treated either with biological response modifiers (IL-2, IFN-alpha) or chemotherapy. |
| 6765 | 18164612 | The first study showed that those treated with SRL172 alone survived equally as long as those receiving IL-2 or IFN-alpha and both treatment groups survived longer than those on chemotherapy (p<0.001), a result supported by Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis. |
| 6766 | 18164612 | In the first study, 60 patients in France and the UK received injections of SRL172, and their survival was compared with that of historical controls who had been treated either with biological response modifiers (IL-2, IFN-alpha) or chemotherapy. |
| 6767 | 18164612 | The first study showed that those treated with SRL172 alone survived equally as long as those receiving IL-2 or IFN-alpha and both treatment groups survived longer than those on chemotherapy (p<0.001), a result supported by Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis. |
| 6768 | 18164706 | After B. microti infection, the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the treated group were significantly lower than in the control group. |
| 6769 | 18178835 | Our results demonstrated that: 1) the i.n. vaccination induced a systemic humoral immune response of comparable strength and shorter duration than the i.m. vaccination, but the local humoral immune response was much stronger; 2) the i.n. vaccination elicited stronger systemic and local specific cytotoxic T cell responses than the i.m. vaccination, as evidenced by higher prevalence of IL-2 and/or IFN-gamma-producing CD3+/CD8+ T cells in both lungs and spleen; 3) the i.n. vaccination induced similar protection as the i.m. vaccination against SARS-CoV challenge in mice; 4) higher titers of mucosal IgA and serum-neutralizing Ab were associated with lower viral load and less pulmonary pathological damage, while no Ab-mediated disease enhancement effect was observed; and 5) the vaccination could provide long-term protection against SARS-CoV infection. |
| 6770 | 18190971 | Four-color flow cytometry was performed to stain and identify cultured PBMC for three T cell surface markers (CD4, CD8, and gammadelta TCR) and to detect the activation marker CD25 (alpha chain of IL-2 receptor) expression. |
| 6771 | 18191307 | Specific antibodies in serum and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma) from splenocytes were detected by indirect ELISA. |
| 6772 | 18209040 | Cells collected 2 wk after the third vaccination produced Th1 cytokines, including IFN-gamma and IL-2 following Ag stimulation, and greater levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13; the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the molecule CD25 (IL-2Ralpha) were also detected. |
| 6773 | 18209040 | Comparison of their responses to homologous and heterologous Ags showed ex vivo IFN-gamma and IL-5 levels that were significantly higher to homologous rather than to heterologous Ags. |
| 6774 | 18209040 | Furthermore, we explored the maturation of memory T cells and found that 46% of vaccinees showed specific memory T cells defined as CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD40L(+) after long-term in vitro culture. |
| 6775 | 18245488 | Our results show the induction of an immune response against a newly defined PSCA epitope that is mediated primarily by CD8 T cells. |
| 6776 | 18245488 | The prostates of PSCA-vaccinated mice were infiltrated by CD4-positive, CD8-positive, CD11b-positive, and CD11c-positive cells. |
| 6777 | 18245488 | Vaccination induced MHC class I expression and cytokine production [IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5] within prostate tumors. |
| 6778 | 18250039 | [Application of a tumor cell vaccine transfected with GM-CSF/IL-2 fusion gene for specific immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma]. |
| 6779 | 18256187 | The T cells simultaneously make IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-2, and in high amounts for prolonged periods. |
| 6780 | 18256187 | The adjuvant role of poly IC requires Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA5) receptors, but its analog poly IC(12)U requires only TLR3. |
| 6781 | 18258343 | RTS,S/AS01B-induced high specific antibody titers and increased the frequency of mouse CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressing IFN-gamma, and of monkey CD4(+) T cells expressing IL-2 and/or IFN-gamma and/or TNF-alpha upon stimulation with vaccine antigens. |
| 6782 | 18266272 | AdC7 and AdC9 elicited strong immunogenicity ( approximately 20% of CD8(+) T cells in spleen), equivalent to or outperforming AdH5 and inducing sterile protection in 92% (C9), 83% (H5 and C7) and 67% (C6) of the mice, providing the first evidence of single-dose protection to Plasmodium berghei. |
| 6783 | 18266272 | Multifunctional CD8(+) T cell responses (co-expressing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2) were also induced by the Ad in higher percentages than the poxviral vectors. |
| 6784 | 18273057 | Role of IL-2 secreted by PADRE-specific CD4+ T cells in enhancing E7-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses. |
| 6785 | 18273057 | CD4(+) T helper cells are known to play an integral role in the generation of CD8(+) T-cell immune responses. |
| 6786 | 18273057 | We have previously shown that co-administration of DNA vaccines containing E6 or E7 protein of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) combined with DNA encoding invariant (Ii) chain in which class II-associated Ii peptide (CLIP) region is replaced with the CD4(+) T helper epitope, PADRE (Pan-DR-epitope) (Ii-PADRE DNA) enhanced HPV antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses in vaccinated mice. |
| 6787 | 18273057 | In the current study, we investigated the enhancement of HPV E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses by PADRE-specific CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6788 | 18273057 | Furthermore, our in vitro study demonstrated that PADRE-specific CD4(+) T cells stimulated with PADRE-loaded dendritic cells secrete IL-2 that leads to the proliferation of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells. |
| 6789 | 18273057 | Thus, our data suggest that activated PADRE-specific CD4(+) T helper cells may be required at the vicinity of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells where they secrete IL-2, which enhances the E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses generated by DNA vaccination. |
| 6790 | 18273057 | Role of IL-2 secreted by PADRE-specific CD4+ T cells in enhancing E7-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses. |
| 6791 | 18273057 | CD4(+) T helper cells are known to play an integral role in the generation of CD8(+) T-cell immune responses. |
| 6792 | 18273057 | We have previously shown that co-administration of DNA vaccines containing E6 or E7 protein of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) combined with DNA encoding invariant (Ii) chain in which class II-associated Ii peptide (CLIP) region is replaced with the CD4(+) T helper epitope, PADRE (Pan-DR-epitope) (Ii-PADRE DNA) enhanced HPV antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses in vaccinated mice. |
| 6793 | 18273057 | In the current study, we investigated the enhancement of HPV E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses by PADRE-specific CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6794 | 18273057 | Furthermore, our in vitro study demonstrated that PADRE-specific CD4(+) T cells stimulated with PADRE-loaded dendritic cells secrete IL-2 that leads to the proliferation of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells. |
| 6795 | 18273057 | Thus, our data suggest that activated PADRE-specific CD4(+) T helper cells may be required at the vicinity of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells where they secrete IL-2, which enhances the E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses generated by DNA vaccination. |
| 6796 | 18273057 | Role of IL-2 secreted by PADRE-specific CD4+ T cells in enhancing E7-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses. |
| 6797 | 18273057 | CD4(+) T helper cells are known to play an integral role in the generation of CD8(+) T-cell immune responses. |
| 6798 | 18273057 | We have previously shown that co-administration of DNA vaccines containing E6 or E7 protein of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) combined with DNA encoding invariant (Ii) chain in which class II-associated Ii peptide (CLIP) region is replaced with the CD4(+) T helper epitope, PADRE (Pan-DR-epitope) (Ii-PADRE DNA) enhanced HPV antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses in vaccinated mice. |
| 6799 | 18273057 | In the current study, we investigated the enhancement of HPV E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses by PADRE-specific CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6800 | 18273057 | Furthermore, our in vitro study demonstrated that PADRE-specific CD4(+) T cells stimulated with PADRE-loaded dendritic cells secrete IL-2 that leads to the proliferation of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells. |
| 6801 | 18273057 | Thus, our data suggest that activated PADRE-specific CD4(+) T helper cells may be required at the vicinity of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells where they secrete IL-2, which enhances the E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses generated by DNA vaccination. |
| 6802 | 18279956 | The blood was weekly collected from mice after vaccination to detect the changes of immunoglobulins, specific antibodies, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and immune cells. 28 days after vaccination, the mice were orally challenged with virulent Pasteurella multocida. |
| 6803 | 18280621 | In an attempt to increase cross-presentation through apoptosis, the DNA-encoding caspase-2 prodomain followed by wild-type or catalytically inactive mutated caspase-3 was inserted into a plasmid encoding the 32 kDa mycolyl transferase (Ag85A) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| 6804 | 18280621 | Vaccination with pro-apoptotic plasmids triggered more Ag85A specific IFN-gamma producing spleen cells, and more efficient IL-2 and IFN-gamma producing memory cells in spleen and lungs after M. tuberculosis challenge. |
| 6805 | 18280621 | Compared to DNA-encoding secreted Ag85A, vaccination with DNA co-expressing wild-type caspase increased protection after infection with M. tuberculosis, while vaccination with plasmid co-expressing mutated caspase was not protective, possibly due to the stimulation of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A production. |
| 6806 | 18286194 | In addition, we found a higher frequency of triple-positive IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2 secreting E3-specific CD8+ T-cells 8 weeks after vaccination with MVA lacking B15R. |
| 6807 | 18292584 | Ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with BCG for 12 h induced expression of predominantly IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha in CD4+ T cells in seven distinct cytokine combinations. |
| 6808 | 18292584 | IL-4 and IL-10 expression was detected in CD4+ T cells at low frequencies and only in cells that did not coexpress type 1 cytokines. |
| 6809 | 18292584 | Specific CD8+ T cells were less frequent than CD4+ T cells and produced mainly IFN-gamma and/or IL-2 and less TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 6810 | 18292584 | Importantly, many mycobacteria-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells did not produce IFN-gamma. |
| 6811 | 18292584 | Among five phenotypic patterns of CD4+ T cells, central memory cells were more likely to be IL-2+ and effector cells were more likely to be IFN-gamma+. |
| 6812 | 18292584 | Ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with BCG for 12 h induced expression of predominantly IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha in CD4+ T cells in seven distinct cytokine combinations. |
| 6813 | 18292584 | IL-4 and IL-10 expression was detected in CD4+ T cells at low frequencies and only in cells that did not coexpress type 1 cytokines. |
| 6814 | 18292584 | Specific CD8+ T cells were less frequent than CD4+ T cells and produced mainly IFN-gamma and/or IL-2 and less TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 6815 | 18292584 | Importantly, many mycobacteria-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells did not produce IFN-gamma. |
| 6816 | 18292584 | Among five phenotypic patterns of CD4+ T cells, central memory cells were more likely to be IL-2+ and effector cells were more likely to be IFN-gamma+. |
| 6817 | 18292584 | Ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with BCG for 12 h induced expression of predominantly IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha in CD4+ T cells in seven distinct cytokine combinations. |
| 6818 | 18292584 | IL-4 and IL-10 expression was detected in CD4+ T cells at low frequencies and only in cells that did not coexpress type 1 cytokines. |
| 6819 | 18292584 | Specific CD8+ T cells were less frequent than CD4+ T cells and produced mainly IFN-gamma and/or IL-2 and less TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 6820 | 18292584 | Importantly, many mycobacteria-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells did not produce IFN-gamma. |
| 6821 | 18292584 | Among five phenotypic patterns of CD4+ T cells, central memory cells were more likely to be IL-2+ and effector cells were more likely to be IFN-gamma+. |
| 6822 | 18299268 | Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a newly described, typical, four-helix cytokine showing significant homology with IL-2, IL-4 and IL-15. |
| 6823 | 18299268 | Prevalence and level of IL-21, total IgG and subclass (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) titers were determined in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 6824 | 18299268 | Plasma IL-21 levels correlated with IgG1 and IgG3 levels. |
| 6825 | 18299268 | Additionally, plasma IL-21 levels correlated with hemoglobin levels in younger children and with parasite density. |
| 6826 | 18299268 | Here we describe the relationship between IL-21 and antibodies for erythrocyte-binding antigen-175 (EBA-175) peptide 4, a malaria vaccine candidate in Gabonese children with acute falciparum malaria. |
| 6827 | 18316415 | However, only the memory precursors were capable of making interleukin (IL) 2, thus defining a novel effector cell that was cytotoxic, expressed granzyme B, and produced inflammatory cytokines in addition to IL-2. |
| 6828 | 18319583 | The results revealed that IFN-gamma and IL-6 were upregulated during the first week post-vaccination. |
| 6829 | 18319583 | Low level expressions of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IL-10 and no expression of IL-2 and IL-4 were observed compared with the control camels. |
| 6830 | 18329759 | The splenocytes collected from the VLP-immunized mice exhibited significant cell proliferation and produced high levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4 after stimulation, indicating the induction of Th1 and Th2 immune responses by VLP immunization. |
| 6831 | 18337575 | While rAd5-Gag induced primarily gamma interferon-positive (IFN-gamma(+)) and IFN-gamma(+)/tumor necrosis factor alpha(+) (TNF-alpha(+)) T-lymphocyte responses, rAd26-Gag and rAd48-Gag induced higher proportions of interleukin-2(+) (IL-2(+)) and polyfunctional IFN-gamma(+)/TNF-alpha(+)/IL-2(+) T-lymphocyte responses. |
| 6832 | 18337575 | These data demonstrate that the rare serotype rAd vectors elicited T-lymphocyte responses that were phenotypically distinct from those elicited by rAd5 vectors and suggest the functional relevance of polyfunctional CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte responses. |
| 6833 | 18337646 | Clinical phase I intratumoral administration of two recombinant ALVAC canarypox viruses expressing human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-2: the transgene determines the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate. |
| 6834 | 18337646 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been shown to activate dendritic cells, macrophages, and granulocytes leading to clinical trials using GM-CSF-based cancer vaccine approaches. |
| 6835 | 18337646 | We report a phase I clinical trial using intratumoral administration of ALVAC GM-CSF or ALVAC IL-2 in skin metastases of melanoma or leiomyosarcoma. |
| 6836 | 18337646 | ALVAC GM-CSF and ALVAC IL-2 were injected at 107.12 and 106.92, 50% cell culture infectious dose in eight metastases with acceptable tolerability. |
| 6837 | 18337646 | The transgene determined the local infiltrate: GM-CSF induced monocyte and macrophage enrichment of the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate, whereas IL-2 increased local T lymphocytes. |
| 6838 | 18337646 | Stable disease of injected lesions was seen after ALVAC GM-CSF application, whereas ALVAC IL-2 treatment led to partial regression in three out of eight injected tumors, accompanied by decreased expression of melanocytic antigens. |
| 6839 | 18337646 | In summary, ALVAC GM-CSF and ALVAC IL-2 injections are safe and can mediate local biologic and immunologic effects. |
| 6840 | 18337646 | Clinical phase I intratumoral administration of two recombinant ALVAC canarypox viruses expressing human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-2: the transgene determines the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate. |
| 6841 | 18337646 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been shown to activate dendritic cells, macrophages, and granulocytes leading to clinical trials using GM-CSF-based cancer vaccine approaches. |
| 6842 | 18337646 | We report a phase I clinical trial using intratumoral administration of ALVAC GM-CSF or ALVAC IL-2 in skin metastases of melanoma or leiomyosarcoma. |
| 6843 | 18337646 | ALVAC GM-CSF and ALVAC IL-2 were injected at 107.12 and 106.92, 50% cell culture infectious dose in eight metastases with acceptable tolerability. |
| 6844 | 18337646 | The transgene determined the local infiltrate: GM-CSF induced monocyte and macrophage enrichment of the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate, whereas IL-2 increased local T lymphocytes. |
| 6845 | 18337646 | Stable disease of injected lesions was seen after ALVAC GM-CSF application, whereas ALVAC IL-2 treatment led to partial regression in three out of eight injected tumors, accompanied by decreased expression of melanocytic antigens. |
| 6846 | 18337646 | In summary, ALVAC GM-CSF and ALVAC IL-2 injections are safe and can mediate local biologic and immunologic effects. |
| 6847 | 18337646 | Clinical phase I intratumoral administration of two recombinant ALVAC canarypox viruses expressing human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-2: the transgene determines the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate. |
| 6848 | 18337646 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been shown to activate dendritic cells, macrophages, and granulocytes leading to clinical trials using GM-CSF-based cancer vaccine approaches. |
| 6849 | 18337646 | We report a phase I clinical trial using intratumoral administration of ALVAC GM-CSF or ALVAC IL-2 in skin metastases of melanoma or leiomyosarcoma. |
| 6850 | 18337646 | ALVAC GM-CSF and ALVAC IL-2 were injected at 107.12 and 106.92, 50% cell culture infectious dose in eight metastases with acceptable tolerability. |
| 6851 | 18337646 | The transgene determined the local infiltrate: GM-CSF induced monocyte and macrophage enrichment of the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate, whereas IL-2 increased local T lymphocytes. |
| 6852 | 18337646 | Stable disease of injected lesions was seen after ALVAC GM-CSF application, whereas ALVAC IL-2 treatment led to partial regression in three out of eight injected tumors, accompanied by decreased expression of melanocytic antigens. |
| 6853 | 18337646 | In summary, ALVAC GM-CSF and ALVAC IL-2 injections are safe and can mediate local biologic and immunologic effects. |
| 6854 | 18337646 | Clinical phase I intratumoral administration of two recombinant ALVAC canarypox viruses expressing human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-2: the transgene determines the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate. |
| 6855 | 18337646 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been shown to activate dendritic cells, macrophages, and granulocytes leading to clinical trials using GM-CSF-based cancer vaccine approaches. |
| 6856 | 18337646 | We report a phase I clinical trial using intratumoral administration of ALVAC GM-CSF or ALVAC IL-2 in skin metastases of melanoma or leiomyosarcoma. |
| 6857 | 18337646 | ALVAC GM-CSF and ALVAC IL-2 were injected at 107.12 and 106.92, 50% cell culture infectious dose in eight metastases with acceptable tolerability. |
| 6858 | 18337646 | The transgene determined the local infiltrate: GM-CSF induced monocyte and macrophage enrichment of the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate, whereas IL-2 increased local T lymphocytes. |
| 6859 | 18337646 | Stable disease of injected lesions was seen after ALVAC GM-CSF application, whereas ALVAC IL-2 treatment led to partial regression in three out of eight injected tumors, accompanied by decreased expression of melanocytic antigens. |
| 6860 | 18337646 | In summary, ALVAC GM-CSF and ALVAC IL-2 injections are safe and can mediate local biologic and immunologic effects. |
| 6861 | 18337646 | Clinical phase I intratumoral administration of two recombinant ALVAC canarypox viruses expressing human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-2: the transgene determines the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate. |
| 6862 | 18337646 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been shown to activate dendritic cells, macrophages, and granulocytes leading to clinical trials using GM-CSF-based cancer vaccine approaches. |
| 6863 | 18337646 | We report a phase I clinical trial using intratumoral administration of ALVAC GM-CSF or ALVAC IL-2 in skin metastases of melanoma or leiomyosarcoma. |
| 6864 | 18337646 | ALVAC GM-CSF and ALVAC IL-2 were injected at 107.12 and 106.92, 50% cell culture infectious dose in eight metastases with acceptable tolerability. |
| 6865 | 18337646 | The transgene determined the local infiltrate: GM-CSF induced monocyte and macrophage enrichment of the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate, whereas IL-2 increased local T lymphocytes. |
| 6866 | 18337646 | Stable disease of injected lesions was seen after ALVAC GM-CSF application, whereas ALVAC IL-2 treatment led to partial regression in three out of eight injected tumors, accompanied by decreased expression of melanocytic antigens. |
| 6867 | 18337646 | In summary, ALVAC GM-CSF and ALVAC IL-2 injections are safe and can mediate local biologic and immunologic effects. |
| 6868 | 18337646 | Clinical phase I intratumoral administration of two recombinant ALVAC canarypox viruses expressing human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-2: the transgene determines the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate. |
| 6869 | 18337646 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been shown to activate dendritic cells, macrophages, and granulocytes leading to clinical trials using GM-CSF-based cancer vaccine approaches. |
| 6870 | 18337646 | We report a phase I clinical trial using intratumoral administration of ALVAC GM-CSF or ALVAC IL-2 in skin metastases of melanoma or leiomyosarcoma. |
| 6871 | 18337646 | ALVAC GM-CSF and ALVAC IL-2 were injected at 107.12 and 106.92, 50% cell culture infectious dose in eight metastases with acceptable tolerability. |
| 6872 | 18337646 | The transgene determined the local infiltrate: GM-CSF induced monocyte and macrophage enrichment of the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate, whereas IL-2 increased local T lymphocytes. |
| 6873 | 18337646 | Stable disease of injected lesions was seen after ALVAC GM-CSF application, whereas ALVAC IL-2 treatment led to partial regression in three out of eight injected tumors, accompanied by decreased expression of melanocytic antigens. |
| 6874 | 18337646 | In summary, ALVAC GM-CSF and ALVAC IL-2 injections are safe and can mediate local biologic and immunologic effects. |
| 6875 | 18339431 | The immune response to the DNA vaccines was evaluated based on serum antibody titers, lymphocyte proliferation assay, and titers of the cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 6876 | 18339431 | Furthermore, the lymphocyte proliferation (SI) values and the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 were higher in mice vaccinated with fusion DNA (two or three genes) than in those immunized with polyvalent combination DNA vaccines (P<0.05). |
| 6877 | 18339431 | The immune response to the DNA vaccines was evaluated based on serum antibody titers, lymphocyte proliferation assay, and titers of the cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 6878 | 18339431 | Furthermore, the lymphocyte proliferation (SI) values and the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 were higher in mice vaccinated with fusion DNA (two or three genes) than in those immunized with polyvalent combination DNA vaccines (P<0.05). |
| 6879 | 18353921 | Vaccination with the DNA construct generated a good cellular immune response with significant increases in gamma interferon and interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine levels (Th1), but no increase in IL-4 levels (Th2). |
| 6880 | 18354238 | IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complex enhances vaccine-mediated antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and increases the ratio of effector/memory CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells. |
| 6881 | 18354238 | IL-2 is well described as a cytokine with two markedly distinct functionalities: as a necessary signal during CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation/expansion and as an essential cytokine for the maintenance of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells (regulatory T (T(REG)) cells) during homeostasis. |
| 6882 | 18354238 | IL-2 complex led to an increase in the number of Ag-specific effector/memory CD8(+) T cells, cytokine production, and CTL lysis following Ag-specific restimulation in a vaccination setting. |
| 6883 | 18354238 | Moreover, in contrast to the use of IL-2 alone, IL-2 complex greatly increased the ratio of effector/memory CD8(+) T cells to T(REG) cells. |
| 6884 | 18354238 | IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complex enhances vaccine-mediated antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and increases the ratio of effector/memory CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells. |
| 6885 | 18354238 | IL-2 is well described as a cytokine with two markedly distinct functionalities: as a necessary signal during CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation/expansion and as an essential cytokine for the maintenance of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells (regulatory T (T(REG)) cells) during homeostasis. |
| 6886 | 18354238 | IL-2 complex led to an increase in the number of Ag-specific effector/memory CD8(+) T cells, cytokine production, and CTL lysis following Ag-specific restimulation in a vaccination setting. |
| 6887 | 18354238 | Moreover, in contrast to the use of IL-2 alone, IL-2 complex greatly increased the ratio of effector/memory CD8(+) T cells to T(REG) cells. |
| 6888 | 18354238 | IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complex enhances vaccine-mediated antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and increases the ratio of effector/memory CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells. |
| 6889 | 18354238 | IL-2 is well described as a cytokine with two markedly distinct functionalities: as a necessary signal during CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation/expansion and as an essential cytokine for the maintenance of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells (regulatory T (T(REG)) cells) during homeostasis. |
| 6890 | 18354238 | IL-2 complex led to an increase in the number of Ag-specific effector/memory CD8(+) T cells, cytokine production, and CTL lysis following Ag-specific restimulation in a vaccination setting. |
| 6891 | 18354238 | Moreover, in contrast to the use of IL-2 alone, IL-2 complex greatly increased the ratio of effector/memory CD8(+) T cells to T(REG) cells. |
| 6892 | 18354238 | IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complex enhances vaccine-mediated antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and increases the ratio of effector/memory CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells. |
| 6893 | 18354238 | IL-2 is well described as a cytokine with two markedly distinct functionalities: as a necessary signal during CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation/expansion and as an essential cytokine for the maintenance of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells (regulatory T (T(REG)) cells) during homeostasis. |
| 6894 | 18354238 | IL-2 complex led to an increase in the number of Ag-specific effector/memory CD8(+) T cells, cytokine production, and CTL lysis following Ag-specific restimulation in a vaccination setting. |
| 6895 | 18354238 | Moreover, in contrast to the use of IL-2 alone, IL-2 complex greatly increased the ratio of effector/memory CD8(+) T cells to T(REG) cells. |
| 6896 | 18360705 | Here, we demonstrated the strong potentiation of the T cell stimulatory activity of such a vaccine upon attachment of bispecific or trispecific fusion proteins which bind with one arm to viral HN molecules of the vaccine, and with the other arm either to CD3 (signal 1), to CD28 (costimulatory signal 2a), or to interleukin-2 receptor (costimulatory signal 2b) on T cells. |
| 6897 | 18370224 | Plasmid DNA encoding the HBV preS2-S and an adjuvant plasmid encoding a fused gene of IL-2 and IFN-gamma were injected intramuscularly followed by electroporation once a month for several months. |
| 6898 | 18382856 | For example, interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) and interleukin (IL)-2 have been used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection and metastatic melanoma, respectively. |
| 6899 | 18389062 | Furthermore, M2 protein expression in primary murine B cells drives high level IL-10 expression along with increased secretion of IL-2, IL-6, and MIP-1alpha. |
| 6900 | 18389062 | M2 protein expression in primary B cells also led to upregulated surface expression of the high affinity IL-2 receptor (CD25) and the activation marker GL7, along with down-regulated surface expression of B220, MHC II, and sIgD. |
| 6901 | 18389062 | Furthermore, M2 protein expression in primary murine B cells drives high level IL-10 expression along with increased secretion of IL-2, IL-6, and MIP-1alpha. |
| 6902 | 18389062 | M2 protein expression in primary B cells also led to upregulated surface expression of the high affinity IL-2 receptor (CD25) and the activation marker GL7, along with down-regulated surface expression of B220, MHC II, and sIgD. |
| 6903 | 18392619 | Tetramer analysis showed that vaccine-induced T cells recognizing gp100 and tyrosinase are present at the vitiligo lesions. |
| 6904 | 18392619 | These T cells secrete IFN-gamma and IL-2 upon peptide specific stimulation as well as upon recognition of the autologous tumor. |
| 6905 | 18400973 | Against this background, we evaluated the immune response of infants to mycobacterial antigens over the 2 years following BCG vaccination at birth by measuring the gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and CD154 responses of CD4 T cells. |
| 6906 | 18413771 | In vitro, aAPC specifically primed Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells that were activated to express high levels of CD44, produced mainly interleukin 2, and could differentiate into Th1-like or Th2-like cells in combination with polarizing cytokines. |
| 6907 | 18417356 | Interestingly, IL-2 and IL-15 are also able to render CD4+ T cells permissive to HIV infection through their influence on the activity of the APOBEC3G deaminase enzyme. |
| 6908 | 18417356 | Herein, we describe the current state of knowledge on how the gammac cytokine network is affected during HIV infection, with a focus on how this impairs CD4+ and CD8+ T cell function while also benefiting the virus itself. |
| 6909 | 18419256 | The corresponding synthetic peptides (SP1 to SP3) were then tested for their abilities to induce proliferation of CD4 T cells isolated from five human volunteers screened positive for previous EV 71 exposure and one EV 71-negative volunteer. |
| 6910 | 18419256 | Moreover, CD4 T cells from EV 71-positive volunteers produced significant levels of IL-2 and IFN- upon stimulation, indicative of a T-cell differentiation into Th-1-type subset. |
| 6911 | 18419256 | Moreover, SP2-induced proliferative response could be inhibited with anti-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antibody, indicating that SP2 represents a MHC class II-restricted CD4 T-cell epitope. |
| 6912 | 18433946 | Immunization with an HIV-1 immunogen induces CD4+ and CD8+ HIV-1-specific polyfunctional responses in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection receiving antiretroviral therapy. |
| 6913 | 18433946 | Fifty-four HIV-1 infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) and immunization with an HIV-1 immunogen or placebo, periodically every 3 months throughout a period of 36 months, were evaluated for the purposes of analysing the development of HIV-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ responses. |
| 6914 | 18433946 | A significant increase of proliferating and IFN-gamma producing CD8+ HIV-1-specific T cells, of HIV-1-specific precursor frequencies for CD8+ and for CD4+ T cells and of Gag/pol-specific memory CTL precursors (CTLp) was observed in the immunogen group in comparison to placebo. |
| 6915 | 18433946 | IL-2 intracellular expression and IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha co-expression in HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells were also substantially increased in the immunized group. |
| 6916 | 18449216 | Membrane-anchored C-peptides (for example, maC46) derived from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp41 effectively inhibit HIV-1 entry in cell lines and primary human CD4+ cells in vitro. |
| 6917 | 18449216 | Depletion of CD8+ T cells from PBMCs enhanced the yield of maC46-transduced CD4+ T cells. |
| 6918 | 18449216 | Supplementation with interleukin-2 (IL-2) increased transduction efficiency, whereas IL-7 and/or IL-15 provided no additional benefit. |
| 6919 | 18449216 | Phenotypic analysis showed that maC46-transduced and expanded cells were predominantly central memory CD4+ T cells that expressed low levels of CCR5 and slightly elevated levels of CD62L, beta7-integrin and CXCR4. |
| 6920 | 18468738 | Moreover, mice receiving RT-ODCsig gene mounted a mixed Th1/Th2 response characterized by the in vitro secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10 upon stimulation of splenocytes with RT protein or RT derived peptides. |
| 6921 | 18468739 | In vitro restimulation with antigen-pulsed bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) induced remarkable T-cell proliferative response specific for both VP1 and EGFP antigen and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 6922 | 18468739 | After intranasal administration of EGFP-VLPs, as well as after polyomavirus infection, a moderate reduction of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells was observed in spleens but not in lymph nodes and peripheral blood, suggesting that both MPyV virions and pseudocapsids are able to induce changes in distribution of regulatory T cells. |
| 6923 | 18479753 | The expressions of CD80/CD86 on B cells, and CD154/CD25 on T cells, were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), and IL-2 production was assayed by ELISA. |
| 6924 | 18479753 | The hCGbeta-hC3d3 fusion protein enhanced the expression of CD80 and CD86 on B cells, especially CD86 (P<0.05), and significantly increased the expression of CD154 and CD25 molecules on T cells compared to that of hCGbeta (P<0.05). |
| 6925 | 18481222 | The secretion of Th type 1 (TNF, IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th type 2 (IL-4 and IL-6) cytokines was tested in the medium fluid of purified PBL and splenocyte cultures; their absolute values were expressed in relative indexes. |
| 6926 | 18481222 | The PBL from FpgD1/313 immunized mice showed increased secretion of both T(H)1 (TNF) as well as T(H)2 (IL-4) cytokines (7-10-fold, respectively). |
| 6927 | 18483933 | Antigen-specific lymphoproliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-y (IFN) production were used to measure cross-reactive cell mediated immune responses. |
| 6928 | 18486759 | Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a tumor-associated antigen that carries the important variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) epitopes for inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 6929 | 18486759 | This study explored the possibility of developing an efficient anti-tumor vaccine strategy using the specific antitumor immunity induced by the MUC1 VNTR DNA vaccine combined with the adjuvant effect of a plasmid expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 6930 | 18486759 | The growth of MUC1-expressing (MUC1(+)) tumors was significantly inhibited in mice immunized with the MUC1 VNTR DNA vaccine combined with the IL-2 plasmid, both before and after tumor challenge. |
| 6931 | 18486759 | The combination of the MUC1 VNTR DNA vaccine and the IL-2 adjuvant plasmid provides an attractive alternative for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinations against MUC1(+) tumors. |
| 6932 | 18486759 | Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a tumor-associated antigen that carries the important variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) epitopes for inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 6933 | 18486759 | This study explored the possibility of developing an efficient anti-tumor vaccine strategy using the specific antitumor immunity induced by the MUC1 VNTR DNA vaccine combined with the adjuvant effect of a plasmid expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 6934 | 18486759 | The growth of MUC1-expressing (MUC1(+)) tumors was significantly inhibited in mice immunized with the MUC1 VNTR DNA vaccine combined with the IL-2 plasmid, both before and after tumor challenge. |
| 6935 | 18486759 | The combination of the MUC1 VNTR DNA vaccine and the IL-2 adjuvant plasmid provides an attractive alternative for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinations against MUC1(+) tumors. |
| 6936 | 18486759 | Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a tumor-associated antigen that carries the important variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) epitopes for inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 6937 | 18486759 | This study explored the possibility of developing an efficient anti-tumor vaccine strategy using the specific antitumor immunity induced by the MUC1 VNTR DNA vaccine combined with the adjuvant effect of a plasmid expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 6938 | 18486759 | The growth of MUC1-expressing (MUC1(+)) tumors was significantly inhibited in mice immunized with the MUC1 VNTR DNA vaccine combined with the IL-2 plasmid, both before and after tumor challenge. |
| 6939 | 18486759 | The combination of the MUC1 VNTR DNA vaccine and the IL-2 adjuvant plasmid provides an attractive alternative for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinations against MUC1(+) tumors. |
| 6940 | 18493984 | IL-2 induces in vivo suppression by CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. |
| 6941 | 18493984 | At the same time, IL-2 is essential for the peripheral homeostasis of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+ )regulatory T cells (Treg). |
| 6942 | 18493984 | IL-2 treatment induces Treg expansion as well as IL-10 production and increases their suppressive potential in vitro. |
| 6943 | 18493984 | The suppressive effect can be transferred onto naive animals by Treg from IL-2-treated mice and the suppression depends on the synergistic action of IL-10 and TGF-beta. |
| 6944 | 18493984 | IL-2 induces in vivo suppression by CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. |
| 6945 | 18493984 | At the same time, IL-2 is essential for the peripheral homeostasis of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+ )regulatory T cells (Treg). |
| 6946 | 18493984 | IL-2 treatment induces Treg expansion as well as IL-10 production and increases their suppressive potential in vitro. |
| 6947 | 18493984 | The suppressive effect can be transferred onto naive animals by Treg from IL-2-treated mice and the suppression depends on the synergistic action of IL-10 and TGF-beta. |
| 6948 | 18493984 | IL-2 induces in vivo suppression by CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. |
| 6949 | 18493984 | At the same time, IL-2 is essential for the peripheral homeostasis of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+ )regulatory T cells (Treg). |
| 6950 | 18493984 | IL-2 treatment induces Treg expansion as well as IL-10 production and increases their suppressive potential in vitro. |
| 6951 | 18493984 | The suppressive effect can be transferred onto naive animals by Treg from IL-2-treated mice and the suppression depends on the synergistic action of IL-10 and TGF-beta. |
| 6952 | 18493984 | IL-2 induces in vivo suppression by CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. |
| 6953 | 18493984 | At the same time, IL-2 is essential for the peripheral homeostasis of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+ )regulatory T cells (Treg). |
| 6954 | 18493984 | IL-2 treatment induces Treg expansion as well as IL-10 production and increases their suppressive potential in vitro. |
| 6955 | 18493984 | The suppressive effect can be transferred onto naive animals by Treg from IL-2-treated mice and the suppression depends on the synergistic action of IL-10 and TGF-beta. |
| 6956 | 18505805 | Cytokine quantitation for the sera of SchuS4-challenged mice indicated that OMP and iLVS immunizations induced high levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, whereas only OMP immunization induced high levels of IL-10 production. |
| 6957 | 18505805 | By comparison, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including RANTES, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-6, IL-1alpha, IL-12p40, and KC, in nonvaccinated mice indicated that these cytokines may facilitate disease progression. |
| 6958 | 18524823 | The samples were tested using a statistically qualified nine-color intracellular cytokine staining assay measuring interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta, and gamma interferon production and expression of CD107a. |
| 6959 | 18524823 | Both vaccine regimens induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) HIV gag-specific T-cell responses which variably expressed several intracellular markers. |
| 6960 | 18524823 | Several trends were observed in which the frequencies of HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T cells and IL-2 production from antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in the DNA/Ad5 cohort were more pronounced than in the Ad5/Ad5 cohort. |
| 6961 | 18524823 | The samples were tested using a statistically qualified nine-color intracellular cytokine staining assay measuring interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta, and gamma interferon production and expression of CD107a. |
| 6962 | 18524823 | Both vaccine regimens induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) HIV gag-specific T-cell responses which variably expressed several intracellular markers. |
| 6963 | 18524823 | Several trends were observed in which the frequencies of HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T cells and IL-2 production from antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in the DNA/Ad5 cohort were more pronounced than in the Ad5/Ad5 cohort. |
| 6964 | 18545973 | The surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) and major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules was higher in DCs pulsed with AbOmpA alone or with a combination of B16F10 cell lysates than that of DCs pulsed with B16F10 cell lysates. |
| 6965 | 18545973 | AbOmpA-pulsed DCs significantly enhanced CD8+, interleukin-2+ T cells and CD4+, interferon-gamma+ T cells in tumor-bearing mice. |
| 6966 | 18552348 | For example, aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA), PLA2, SIAT8B, GALNT7, or B3GAT1 metabolize chemical ligands to which the influenza virus, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella, or Toxoplasma gondii bind. |
| 6967 | 18552348 | The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGR/EGFR) is used by the CMV to gain entry to cells, and a CMV gene codes for an interleukin (IL-10) mimic that binds the host cognate receptor, IL10R. |
| 6968 | 18552348 | The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1) is used by herpes simplex. |
| 6969 | 18552348 | KPNA3 and RANBP5 control the nuclear import of the influenza virus. |
| 6970 | 18552348 | Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) controls the microtubule network that is used by viruses as a route to the nucleus, while DTNBP1, MUTED, and BLOC1S3 regulate endosomal to lysosomal routing that is also important in viral traffic. |
| 6971 | 18552348 | Neuregulin 1 activates ERBB receptors releasing a factor, EBP1, known to inhibit the influenza virus transcriptase. |
| 6972 | 18552348 | Other viral or bacterial components bind to genes or proteins encoded by CALR, FEZ1, FYN, HSPA1B, IL2, HTR2A, KPNA3, MED12, MED15, MICB, NQO2, PAX6, PIK3C3, RANBP5, or TP53, while the cerebral infectivity of the herpes simplex virus is modified by Apolipoprotein E (APOE). |
| 6973 | 18552348 | Genes encoding for proteins related to the innate immune response, including cytokine related (CCR5, CSF2RA, CSF2RB, IL1B, IL1RN, IL2, IL3, IL3RA, IL4, IL10, IL10RA, IL18RAP, lymphotoxin-alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF]), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens (HLA-A10, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1), and genes involved in antigen processing (angiotensin-converting enzyme and tripeptidyl peptidase 2) are all concerned with defense against invading pathogens. |
| 6974 | 18552348 | Human microRNAs (Hsa-mir-198 and Hsa-mir-206) are predicted to bind to influenza, rubella, or poliovirus genes. |
| 6975 | 18552348 | For example, aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA), PLA2, SIAT8B, GALNT7, or B3GAT1 metabolize chemical ligands to which the influenza virus, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella, or Toxoplasma gondii bind. |
| 6976 | 18552348 | The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGR/EGFR) is used by the CMV to gain entry to cells, and a CMV gene codes for an interleukin (IL-10) mimic that binds the host cognate receptor, IL10R. |
| 6977 | 18552348 | The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1) is used by herpes simplex. |
| 6978 | 18552348 | KPNA3 and RANBP5 control the nuclear import of the influenza virus. |
| 6979 | 18552348 | Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) controls the microtubule network that is used by viruses as a route to the nucleus, while DTNBP1, MUTED, and BLOC1S3 regulate endosomal to lysosomal routing that is also important in viral traffic. |
| 6980 | 18552348 | Neuregulin 1 activates ERBB receptors releasing a factor, EBP1, known to inhibit the influenza virus transcriptase. |
| 6981 | 18552348 | Other viral or bacterial components bind to genes or proteins encoded by CALR, FEZ1, FYN, HSPA1B, IL2, HTR2A, KPNA3, MED12, MED15, MICB, NQO2, PAX6, PIK3C3, RANBP5, or TP53, while the cerebral infectivity of the herpes simplex virus is modified by Apolipoprotein E (APOE). |
| 6982 | 18552348 | Genes encoding for proteins related to the innate immune response, including cytokine related (CCR5, CSF2RA, CSF2RB, IL1B, IL1RN, IL2, IL3, IL3RA, IL4, IL10, IL10RA, IL18RAP, lymphotoxin-alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF]), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens (HLA-A10, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1), and genes involved in antigen processing (angiotensin-converting enzyme and tripeptidyl peptidase 2) are all concerned with defense against invading pathogens. |
| 6983 | 18552348 | Human microRNAs (Hsa-mir-198 and Hsa-mir-206) are predicted to bind to influenza, rubella, or poliovirus genes. |
| 6984 | 18566382 | Coligation of the hepatitis C virus receptor CD81 with CD28 primes naive T lymphocytes to acquire type 2 effector function. |
| 6985 | 18566382 | In this study, we describe for the first time that coligation of the tetraspanins CD81, CD82, or CD9 with the costimulatory molecule CD28 in vitro leads to proliferation of naive T cells. |
| 6986 | 18566382 | When activated through this pathway, both CD4+ and CD8+ naive T cells differentiate into type 2 effector cells, which produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10, together with IL-2 and TNF-alpha, but little to no IFN-gamma. |
| 6987 | 18566382 | These effector cells descend from precursors that display early and strong production of IL-4, STAT6 phosphorylation, and up-regulation of the transcription factor GATA-3, suggesting a direct skewing toward Th2 differentiation without a Th0 intermediate. |
| 6988 | 18566382 | The hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 is the only ligand known for CD81. |
| 6989 | 18572242 | Nine cytokine genes (IL-2, -4, -10, -12, -13, -18, TNFalpha, TGFbeta and IFNgamma) and Cox-2 were selected for analysis. |
| 6990 | 18573897 | In addition, testing of TB patients' PBMC for secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-8, and IL-1beta), Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-beta), and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) showed differential effects of RD peptides in the secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-10, with high IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratios (32 to 5.0) in response to RD1, RD5, RD7, RD9, and RD10 and low IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratios (<1.0) in response to RD12, RD13, and RD15. |
| 6991 | 18573897 | In conclusion, our results suggest that M. tuberculosis RDs can be divided into two major groups--one group that activates PBMC to preferentially secrete IFN-gamma and another group that activates preferential secretion of IL-10--and that these two groups of RDs may have roles in protection against and pathogenesis of TB, respectively. |
| 6992 | 18579590 | We assessed both the magnitude and the functional profile of the virus-specific CD8(+) T cells by measuring gamma interferon, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha production. |
| 6993 | 18579698 | The aim of this study was to optimize the ability to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specfic cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals by comparing different assays (the lymphocyte proliferation assay [LPA] and assays for gamma interferon [IFN-gamma] and interleukin-2 [IL-2] production) and CMV antigenic preparations. |
| 6994 | 18579698 | LPA and inducible IFN-gamma but not IL-2 were highly sensitive measures of CMV-specific CMI in HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals. |
| 6995 | 18579698 | The ability to detect CMV-specific LPA or IFN-gamma responses in HIV-infected individuals significantly increased with higher CD4 cell numbers. |
| 6996 | 18579698 | The aim of this study was to optimize the ability to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specfic cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals by comparing different assays (the lymphocyte proliferation assay [LPA] and assays for gamma interferon [IFN-gamma] and interleukin-2 [IL-2] production) and CMV antigenic preparations. |
| 6997 | 18579698 | LPA and inducible IFN-gamma but not IL-2 were highly sensitive measures of CMV-specific CMI in HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals. |
| 6998 | 18579698 | The ability to detect CMV-specific LPA or IFN-gamma responses in HIV-infected individuals significantly increased with higher CD4 cell numbers. |
| 6999 | 18590786 | Lymphocyte proliferation assays using splenocytes from immunized mice showed significant proliferative responses and cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma presence in the culture supernatants. |
| 7000 | 18598175 | The CA-elicited production of the Th1 cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, and interferon (IFN)-gamma was increased after Immunlina administration for 3 days (P < .001, < .03, and < .007, respectively), and increased IL-2 production persisted after 56 days (P < .004). |
| 7001 | 18598175 | The TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-6 responses to TT were enhanced after 8 and 14 days (P < .002-.05), while IL-5 responses increased significantly within 3 days (P < .04) and fell below baseline levels after 14 days (P < .008). |
| 7002 | 18598175 | Upon addition to normal mononuclear cells in vitro, Immulina elicited strong TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 responses, indicating that it acts by inducing a pro-inflammatory state. |
| 7003 | 18598729 | However, mice immunized with pIRES-ESAT-6-FL presented a more stronger T helper 1 (Th1)-biased response, accompanied by higher levels of lymphocytes proliferation, elevated production of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-2) by spleen cells, as well as increased specific antibody in sera, together with lower levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). |
| 7004 | 18602758 | Vaccination of chickens with a chimeric DNA vaccine encoding Eimeria tenella TA4 and chicken IL-2 induces protective immunity against coccidiosis. |
| 7005 | 18602758 | A fusion DNA vaccine co-expressed Eimeria tenella TA4 and chicken IL-2 (chIL-2) was constructed and its efficacy against E. tenella challenge was observed. |
| 7006 | 18602758 | TA4 gene of E. tenella and chIL-2 gene were cloned into expression vector pcDNA3.1 and pcDNA4.0c in different forms, producing vaccines pcDNA3.1-TA4-IL-2, pcDNA3.1-TA4 and pcDNA4.0c-IL-2. |
| 7007 | 18602758 | Vaccination of chickens with a chimeric DNA vaccine encoding Eimeria tenella TA4 and chicken IL-2 induces protective immunity against coccidiosis. |
| 7008 | 18602758 | A fusion DNA vaccine co-expressed Eimeria tenella TA4 and chicken IL-2 (chIL-2) was constructed and its efficacy against E. tenella challenge was observed. |
| 7009 | 18602758 | TA4 gene of E. tenella and chIL-2 gene were cloned into expression vector pcDNA3.1 and pcDNA4.0c in different forms, producing vaccines pcDNA3.1-TA4-IL-2, pcDNA3.1-TA4 and pcDNA4.0c-IL-2. |
| 7010 | 18602758 | Vaccination of chickens with a chimeric DNA vaccine encoding Eimeria tenella TA4 and chicken IL-2 induces protective immunity against coccidiosis. |
| 7011 | 18602758 | A fusion DNA vaccine co-expressed Eimeria tenella TA4 and chicken IL-2 (chIL-2) was constructed and its efficacy against E. tenella challenge was observed. |
| 7012 | 18602758 | TA4 gene of E. tenella and chIL-2 gene were cloned into expression vector pcDNA3.1 and pcDNA4.0c in different forms, producing vaccines pcDNA3.1-TA4-IL-2, pcDNA3.1-TA4 and pcDNA4.0c-IL-2. |
| 7013 | 18636165 | The effect of the treatment was not enhanced by the simultaneous administration of non-oncogenic, genetically modified TC-1 cells expressing either IL-2, IL-12 or GM-CSF, and, in fact, the oncolytic effect of the virus was even less expressed in some instances. |
| 7014 | 18657205 | Differential expression of CD26 on virus-specific CD8(+) T cells during active, latent and resolved infection. |
| 7015 | 18657205 | Immunophenotypic analyses using multi-parameter flow cytometry and tetramer technology identified a unique pattern of CD26(high) expression among influenza-specific CD8(+) T cells, but not among CD8(+) T cells specific for CMV, EBV (three different epitopes) or HIV. |
| 7016 | 18657205 | The median percentage of CD8(+) T cells expressing CD26 was 95.5% for influenza, but for cells specific for CMV, EBV and HIV it was 10.5%, 12%-19%, and 13.2%, respectively. |
| 7017 | 18657205 | CD26(high) expression correlates with expression of CD127, a marker of memory cells. |
| 7018 | 18657205 | Furthermore, CD26(high) cells can produce interleukin-2. |
| 7019 | 18657205 | These findings offer insight into the dynamics of T-cell differentiation, and they may offer a specific marker of a successfully developed memory CD8(+) T cell, that of CD26(high). |
| 7020 | 18675866 | Antigen-specific T-cell proliferation, IL-4, IL-2 and IFN-gamma producing cells, and secretory IgA were mostly detected in animals receiving MALP-2 as adjuvant. |
| 7021 | 18675872 | To this purpose, the chimeric protein rEC2, encoding antigenic fragments of surface-associated proteins MIC2, MIC3 and SAG1, was combined with pGRA7 plasmid DNA or rGRA7 protein. |
| 7022 | 18675872 | The protein-DNA vaccine elicited a polarized Th1/Th2 immune response, characterized by IFN-gamma and IL-10, and afforded low protection (24%) against brain cyst formation. |
| 7023 | 18675872 | In contrast, the protein-protein vaccine elicited a Th1-focused immune response, characterized by IFN-gamma and IL-2 production, conferring a strong protection (79%) against brain cyst formation in chronic toxoplasmosis. |
| 7024 | 18677602 | In the Abeta(42) group, IL2 and IFN-gamma were relatively low and IL4 and IL10 were relatively high. |
| 7025 | 18677602 | By contrast, IL4 and IL10 were much higher in the Abeta(1-15) group and IL2 and IFN-gamma were much higher in the Abeta(36-42) group. |
| 7026 | 18677602 | In the Abeta(42) group, IL2 and IFN-gamma were relatively low and IL4 and IL10 were relatively high. |
| 7027 | 18677602 | By contrast, IL4 and IL10 were much higher in the Abeta(1-15) group and IL2 and IFN-gamma were much higher in the Abeta(36-42) group. |
| 7028 | 18695871 | Melanoma-associated antigens, MART-1, tyrosinase, gp100 and MAGEs, are typical melanoma-specific tumor antigens which can potently induce immune responses in metastatic melanoma patients treated with peptide vaccines. |
| 7029 | 18695871 | In the present study, we established a dendritic cell (DC)-based HLA-A2 melanoma-associated peptide (MART-1 or gp100)-specific CTL induction method and characterized the CTLs using HLA-A2 tetramer staining in 6 cases of HLA-A2+ melanoma treated with DC vaccines. |
| 7030 | 18695871 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients were stimulated twice with MART-1 A2 peptide-pulsed DCs in the presence of a low dose of IL-2. |
| 7031 | 18695871 | Finally, we were successful in identifying melanoma peptide-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) cDNAs in 2 cases for MART-1 and 1 case for gp100 using the anti-TCR MoAb-based sorting as a novel approach instead of a conventional cell cloning, and confirmed peptide-specific IFN-gamma production in TCR cDNA-transduced naïve T cells. |
| 7032 | 18698048 | Safety and immunologic response of a viral vaccine to prostate-specific antigen in combination with radiation therapy when metronomic-dose interleukin 2 is used as an adjuvant. |
| 7033 | 18698349 | In another physiologically relevant system, we show that the strength of peptide stimulation, high frequency of responder CD8+ T cells or presence of high IL-2 can override the suppression of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells by Tregs. |
| 7034 | 18704362 | Immunizing patients who have hormone-refractory prostate cancer with an allogenic IL-2 and IFN-gamma secreting tumor cell vaccine is safe and feasible with no dose-limiting toxicity; it has been shown to reduce the progression of prostate-specific antigen in treated subjects and to induce vaccine-specific immune responses. |
| 7035 | 18716452 | Using these samples, RT-PCR and ELISA analysis were carried out for the comparative study of the cytokines, including TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12. |
| 7036 | 18716452 | In the Pohang-infected mice at 120 h, the liver showed a 53 times higher level of TNF-alpha and a 42 times higher level of IFN-gamma than the respective levels at the early time points after infection. |
| 7037 | 18716452 | The levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induced by LVS were 5 times lower than those induced by the Pohang isolate. |
| 7038 | 18716452 | Also, the organs from the Pohang-infected mice showed higher levels of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-12 than the levels in the LVS-infected mice. |
| 7039 | 18716452 | The blood from the Pohang-infected mice at 120 h revealed about a 40 times increased level of IFN-gamma, and IL-10 was also increased by 4 times at 96 h compared to an early infection time point, while IL-4 was not induced during the whole infection period. |
| 7040 | 18753231 | The response of five baboons to Gag peptides in a gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay after three pTHGag immunizations ranged from 100 to 515 spot-forming units (s.f.u.) per 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), whilst the response of two baboons to the Gag VLP vaccine ranged from 415 to 465 s.f.u. per 10(6) PBMCs. |
| 7041 | 18753231 | Gag VLPs, given as a single-modality regimen, induced a predominantly CD8+ T-cell IFN-gamma response and interleukin-2 was a major cytokine within a mix of predominantly Th1 cytokines produced by a DNA-VLP prime-boost modality. |
| 7042 | 18761033 | Inhibition was not reversed by treatment with IL-2 and IL-6 treatment. |
| 7043 | 18761418 | All mice vaccinated with rPRV/SAG1 developed a high level of specific antibody responses against T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA), a strong increase of the splenocyte proliferative response, and significant levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 production. |
| 7044 | 18779742 | Twenty-seven patients with progressive cytokine-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma were vaccinated with DCs loaded with either a cocktail of survivin and telomerase peptides or tumor lysate depending on their HLA-A2 haplotype, and low-dose IL-2 was administered concomitantly. |
| 7045 | 18779742 | Tumor response, immune response, and serum IL-6 and YKL-40 were measured during treatment. |
| 7046 | 18779742 | Furthermore, significant alterations in serum YKL-40 and IL-6 were found during treatment. |
| 7047 | 18791162 | The uncleaved 12-kDa form of p12(I) resides in the ER and interacts with the beta and gamma(c) chains of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), the heavy chain of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, as well as calreticulin and calnexin. |
| 7048 | 18794906 | The CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and cognate CCR7 ligands, CCL19 and CCL21, help establish microenvironments in lymphoid tissue that can facilitate encounters between naive T cells and mature dendritic cells (DCs). |
| 7049 | 18794906 | The co-injection of CCR7 ligand DNA consistently enhanced the level of Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) produced by stimulated immune cells when compared with a group that was vaccinated with the PrV DNA vaccine. |
| 7050 | 18794906 | Moreover, the co-administration of CCR7 ligand DNA increased the number of mature DCs into the secondary lymphoid tissues, which appeared to enhance the proliferation of PrV-immune CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7051 | 18802099 | Mice boosted intradermally make very strong splenic CD4 and CD8 Th1 cytokine responses to Ag 85A, but show no change in lung mycobacterial burden over BCG primed animals. |
| 7052 | 18802099 | In contrast, intranasally boosted mice show greatly reduced mycobacterial burden and make a much weaker splenic response but a very strong lung CD4 and CD8 response to Ag 85A and an increased response to purified protein derivative. |
| 7053 | 18802099 | This effect is associated with the presence in the lung of multifunctional T cells, with high median fluorescence intensity and integrated median fluorescence intensity for IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF. |
| 7054 | 18806898 | (+)-Dapoxetine hydrochloride, (R)-Etodolac; Abatacept, ABT-510, Adalimumab, Agatolimod sodium, Alemtuzumab, Alvocidib hydrochloride, Aminolevulinic acid methyl ester, Aripiprazole, AS01B, AS02B, AS02V, Azacitidine; Becatecarin, Bevacizumab, Bevirimat, Bortezomib, Bremelanotide; CAIV-T, Canfosfamide hydrochloride, CHR-2797, Ciclesonide, Clevidipine; Darbepoetin alfa, Decitabine, Degarelix acetate, Dendritic cell-based vaccine, Denosumab, Desloratadine, DMXB-Anabaseine, Duloxetine hydrochloride, Dutasteride; Ecogramostim, Eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid, Eletriptan, Enzastaurin hydrochloride, Erlotinib hydrochloride, Escitalopram oxalate, Etoricoxib, Everolimus, Ezetimibe, Ezetimibe/simvastatin; Ferumoxytol, Fesoterodine fumarate, Fulvestrant; Gefitinib, GM-CSF DNA, GSK-690693; H5N1 avian flu vaccine, Hepatitis B hyperimmunoglobulin, Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 1, Hypericin-PVP; Icatibant acetate, Iclaprim, Immunoglobulin intravenous (human), Ipilimumab, ISS-1018; L19-IL-2, Lapuleucel-T, Laropiprant, Liposomal doxorubicin, LP-261, Lumiracoxib, LY-518674; MDV-3100, MGCD-0103, Mirabegron, MyoCell; NASHA/Dx, Niacin/laropiprant; O6-Benzylguanine, Ocrelizumab, Olmesartan medoxomil, Omalizumab; P-276-00, Paclitaxel nanoparticles, Paclitaxel nanoparticles, Padoporfin, Paliperidone, PAN-811, Pegaptanib octasodium, Pegfilgrastim, Pemetrexed disodium, PF-00299804, Pimecrolimus, Prasugrel, Pregabalin; Reolysin, Rimonabant, Rivaroxaban, Rosuvastatin calcium; Satraplatin, SCH-697243,Selenite sodium, Silodosin, Sorafenib, Sunitinib malate; Talarozole, Taxus, Temsirolimus, Tocilizumab, Tolevamer potassium sodium, Tremelimumab, TTP-889; Uracil; V-260, Valsartan/amlodipine besylate, Vardenafil hydrochloride hydrate, Varenicline tartrate, Varespladib, Vitespen, Voclosporin, VX-001; Xience V; Zotarolimus-eluting stent. |
| 7055 | 18813797 | After incubation with rec(IL-2) infected tumor cells, T cells showed increased expression of the activation marker CD69 and produced increased amounts of IFNgamma when compared to T cells co-incubated with rec(-) infected tumor cells. |
| 7056 | 18813797 | CD8 T cells incubated with rec(IL-2) infected tumor cells showed upregulation of perforin, cell surface exposure of the degranulation marker CD107a and increased anti-tumor cytotoxic activity. |
| 7057 | 18813797 | Purified T cells from lymph nodes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients could be stimulated to secrete IFNgamma in an ELISPOT assay upon 40 h of stimulation with rec(IL-2) infected autologous tumor cells [ATV-rec(IL-2)] but not upon stimulation with rec(IL-2) infected allogeneic U937 tumor cells. |
| 7058 | 18813797 | After incubation with rec(IL-2) infected tumor cells, T cells showed increased expression of the activation marker CD69 and produced increased amounts of IFNgamma when compared to T cells co-incubated with rec(-) infected tumor cells. |
| 7059 | 18813797 | CD8 T cells incubated with rec(IL-2) infected tumor cells showed upregulation of perforin, cell surface exposure of the degranulation marker CD107a and increased anti-tumor cytotoxic activity. |
| 7060 | 18813797 | Purified T cells from lymph nodes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients could be stimulated to secrete IFNgamma in an ELISPOT assay upon 40 h of stimulation with rec(IL-2) infected autologous tumor cells [ATV-rec(IL-2)] but not upon stimulation with rec(IL-2) infected allogeneic U937 tumor cells. |
| 7061 | 18813797 | After incubation with rec(IL-2) infected tumor cells, T cells showed increased expression of the activation marker CD69 and produced increased amounts of IFNgamma when compared to T cells co-incubated with rec(-) infected tumor cells. |
| 7062 | 18813797 | CD8 T cells incubated with rec(IL-2) infected tumor cells showed upregulation of perforin, cell surface exposure of the degranulation marker CD107a and increased anti-tumor cytotoxic activity. |
| 7063 | 18813797 | Purified T cells from lymph nodes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients could be stimulated to secrete IFNgamma in an ELISPOT assay upon 40 h of stimulation with rec(IL-2) infected autologous tumor cells [ATV-rec(IL-2)] but not upon stimulation with rec(IL-2) infected allogeneic U937 tumor cells. |
| 7064 | 18819411 | Influence of immunomodulator of bacterial origin - purified staphylococcal toxoid (PST) - on the synthesisof proinlammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IFN-gamma) and anti-inflammatory (IL- 10) cytokines, as well as cytokines directing the immune response to Th1 (IL-12) or Th2 (IL-4) type was studied in mice. |
| 7065 | 18819411 | Synthesis of several serum interleukins (IL-2, IL-10) did not changed 4 and 24 hours after inoculation irrespective from dose of PST. |
| 7066 | 18819411 | For example, increase of number of cells secreting antibodies to sheep erythrocytes was registered both during increased synthesis of cytokines (4 hours, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12) and during period of its depression (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma), as well as during stable production of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma). |
| 7067 | 18827187 | The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-2) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), in addition to those of IL-6, were assessed on days 1, 3, and 5 postinfection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the ratios of proinflammatory cytokines to anti-inflammatory cytokines were calculated. |
| 7068 | 18832706 | CD8(+) T cell responses were more frequent and of a greater magnitude than CD4(+) T cell responses (p < 0.001). |
| 7069 | 18832706 | Polychromatic cytometry analysis indicated that the virus-specific T cells from the severe group tended to be a central memory phenotype (CD27(+)/CD45RO(+)) with a significantly higher frequency of polyfunctional CD4(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2, and CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and CD107a (degranulation), as compared with the mild-moderate group. |
| 7070 | 18833003 | Detection of intracellular cytokine production (interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) upon phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-ionomycin stimulation in CD8alphaalpha+ and CD8alphabeta+ T-cells revealed that CD8alphaalpha+ T-cells show a unique cytokine production pattern (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma production) as compared with CD8alphabeta+ T-cells. |
| 7071 | 18849136 | H22 hepatoma tumor vaccine modified by human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) and mouse granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) fusion gene was prepared to study its specific anti-tumor immunity. |
| 7072 | 18849136 | The blood was needed to test the level of IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in serum. |
| 7073 | 18849136 | Serum IFN-gamma in the immunized group was significantly increased compared with other groups (p<0.01), and serum IL-10 in the immunized group was significantly decreased compared with other groups (p<0.01). |
| 7074 | 18936481 | Here we demonstrate that the combined use of two different types of immune adjuvants, one that directly targets the CD8 cell, IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb complexes, and one that targets the innate immune system, poly(I:C), can achieve this goal. |
| 7075 | 18941225 | Furthermore, LC16mOrVV-N-immunized mice upon infection exhibited significant up-regulation of both Th1 (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) cytokines and down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-beta), resulting in robust infiltration of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes into the lung, as well as thickening of the alveolar epithelium. |
| 7076 | 18974619 | We have developed a novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccine ; a combination of the DNA vaccines expressing mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (HSP65) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) delivered by the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome or-envelope (HSP65+IL-12/HVJ). |
| 7077 | 18974619 | The Elispot assay showed that HSP65+IL-12 DNA/ HVJ vaccine induced a greater number of IFN-gamma producing T cells than BCG in the mouse model. |
| 7078 | 18974619 | This novel vaccine provided a higher level of the protective efficacy than BCG based upon the assessment of mortality, the ESR, body weight, chest X-ray findings and immune responses (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-6 production , and lymphocyte proliferation of cynomolgus monkey). |
| 7079 | 18974619 | The combination of HSP65+IL-12/HVJ and BCG by the priming-booster method showed a synergistic effect in the TB-infected cynomolgus monkey (100% survival). |
| 7080 | 19006834 | It was revealed that fractions of neutrophilokines regulate IL-2 synthesis by Th1-helpers, IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis by Th2-helpers and also expression of IL-2 receptors by immunocompetent cells. |
| 7081 | 19006832 | Serum concentrations of cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8) and antibody levels to influenza virus antigens were studied in adults vaccinated with split-vaccine against influenza. |
| 7082 | 19006832 | Study of cytokine profile showed absence of significant changes of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 levels and considerable variability of IL-6 and IL-8 baseline levels as well as their dynamics after vaccination. |
| 7083 | 19006832 | Direct correlation between IL-6 and IL-8 levels was observed during whole period post-immunization. |
| 7084 | 19006832 | Serum concentrations of cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8) and antibody levels to influenza virus antigens were studied in adults vaccinated with split-vaccine against influenza. |
| 7085 | 19006832 | Study of cytokine profile showed absence of significant changes of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 levels and considerable variability of IL-6 and IL-8 baseline levels as well as their dynamics after vaccination. |
| 7086 | 19006832 | Direct correlation between IL-6 and IL-8 levels was observed during whole period post-immunization. |
| 7087 | 19007952 | Proliferation of mononuclear cells of the spleen, levels of gamma interferon, interleukin-12, and interleukin-2 mRNAs were enhanced in immunized animals. |
| 7088 | 19008134 | Furthermore, the highest levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma and IL-4 were induced following priming with the DNA vaccine and boosting with the recombinant protein. |
| 7089 | 19009291 | Also, anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated monocytes (TNF-alpha is decreased) and costimulatory effects on anti-CD3 stimulated T cells, (enhanced T cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production) are observed. |
| 7090 | 19009291 | Both drugs inhibit IL-2-mediated generation of FOXP3 positive CTLA-4 positive CD25high CD4+ T regulatory cells from PBMCs by upto 50%. |
| 7091 | 19009291 | Inhibition of T regulatory cell function was not due to changes in TGF-beta or IL-10 production but was associated with decreased T regulatory cell FOXP3 expression. |
| 7092 | 19017930 | Cutting edge: CD4+ T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for help-dependent primary CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 7093 | 19017930 | CD4(+) T cell help is essential for primary CD8(+) T cell responses to noninflammatory Ags. |
| 7094 | 19017930 | IL-2 is one of the principal cytokines made by naive CD4(+) T cells, and we show in this study that it is an essential component of help. |
| 7095 | 19017930 | Adoptively transferred naive CD4(+) TCR-transgenic OT-II cells supported endogenous primary CD8(+) T cell responses, but IL-2-deficient OT-II cells were unable to provide help, although they responded to Ag in vivo and up-regulated CD40 ligand in vitro. |
| 7096 | 19017930 | Wild -type OT-II cells helped endogenous CD8(+) T cell responses in IL-2-deficient mice, but not in IL-2Ralpha-deficient mice. |
| 7097 | 19017930 | Thus, CD4(+) T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for CD8(+) T cell responses to noninflammatory, cell-associated Ags. |
| 7098 | 19017930 | We suggest that it is also a critical component of help for CD8(+) T cell responses to pathogens, because protective memory also requires CD8(+) T cell stimulation by IL-2 during priming. |
| 7099 | 19017930 | Cutting edge: CD4+ T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for help-dependent primary CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 7100 | 19017930 | CD4(+) T cell help is essential for primary CD8(+) T cell responses to noninflammatory Ags. |
| 7101 | 19017930 | IL-2 is one of the principal cytokines made by naive CD4(+) T cells, and we show in this study that it is an essential component of help. |
| 7102 | 19017930 | Adoptively transferred naive CD4(+) TCR-transgenic OT-II cells supported endogenous primary CD8(+) T cell responses, but IL-2-deficient OT-II cells were unable to provide help, although they responded to Ag in vivo and up-regulated CD40 ligand in vitro. |
| 7103 | 19017930 | Wild -type OT-II cells helped endogenous CD8(+) T cell responses in IL-2-deficient mice, but not in IL-2Ralpha-deficient mice. |
| 7104 | 19017930 | Thus, CD4(+) T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for CD8(+) T cell responses to noninflammatory, cell-associated Ags. |
| 7105 | 19017930 | We suggest that it is also a critical component of help for CD8(+) T cell responses to pathogens, because protective memory also requires CD8(+) T cell stimulation by IL-2 during priming. |
| 7106 | 19017930 | Cutting edge: CD4+ T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for help-dependent primary CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 7107 | 19017930 | CD4(+) T cell help is essential for primary CD8(+) T cell responses to noninflammatory Ags. |
| 7108 | 19017930 | IL-2 is one of the principal cytokines made by naive CD4(+) T cells, and we show in this study that it is an essential component of help. |
| 7109 | 19017930 | Adoptively transferred naive CD4(+) TCR-transgenic OT-II cells supported endogenous primary CD8(+) T cell responses, but IL-2-deficient OT-II cells were unable to provide help, although they responded to Ag in vivo and up-regulated CD40 ligand in vitro. |
| 7110 | 19017930 | Wild -type OT-II cells helped endogenous CD8(+) T cell responses in IL-2-deficient mice, but not in IL-2Ralpha-deficient mice. |
| 7111 | 19017930 | Thus, CD4(+) T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for CD8(+) T cell responses to noninflammatory, cell-associated Ags. |
| 7112 | 19017930 | We suggest that it is also a critical component of help for CD8(+) T cell responses to pathogens, because protective memory also requires CD8(+) T cell stimulation by IL-2 during priming. |
| 7113 | 19017930 | Cutting edge: CD4+ T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for help-dependent primary CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 7114 | 19017930 | CD4(+) T cell help is essential for primary CD8(+) T cell responses to noninflammatory Ags. |
| 7115 | 19017930 | IL-2 is one of the principal cytokines made by naive CD4(+) T cells, and we show in this study that it is an essential component of help. |
| 7116 | 19017930 | Adoptively transferred naive CD4(+) TCR-transgenic OT-II cells supported endogenous primary CD8(+) T cell responses, but IL-2-deficient OT-II cells were unable to provide help, although they responded to Ag in vivo and up-regulated CD40 ligand in vitro. |
| 7117 | 19017930 | Wild -type OT-II cells helped endogenous CD8(+) T cell responses in IL-2-deficient mice, but not in IL-2Ralpha-deficient mice. |
| 7118 | 19017930 | Thus, CD4(+) T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for CD8(+) T cell responses to noninflammatory, cell-associated Ags. |
| 7119 | 19017930 | We suggest that it is also a critical component of help for CD8(+) T cell responses to pathogens, because protective memory also requires CD8(+) T cell stimulation by IL-2 during priming. |
| 7120 | 19017930 | Cutting edge: CD4+ T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for help-dependent primary CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 7121 | 19017930 | CD4(+) T cell help is essential for primary CD8(+) T cell responses to noninflammatory Ags. |
| 7122 | 19017930 | IL-2 is one of the principal cytokines made by naive CD4(+) T cells, and we show in this study that it is an essential component of help. |
| 7123 | 19017930 | Adoptively transferred naive CD4(+) TCR-transgenic OT-II cells supported endogenous primary CD8(+) T cell responses, but IL-2-deficient OT-II cells were unable to provide help, although they responded to Ag in vivo and up-regulated CD40 ligand in vitro. |
| 7124 | 19017930 | Wild -type OT-II cells helped endogenous CD8(+) T cell responses in IL-2-deficient mice, but not in IL-2Ralpha-deficient mice. |
| 7125 | 19017930 | Thus, CD4(+) T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for CD8(+) T cell responses to noninflammatory, cell-associated Ags. |
| 7126 | 19017930 | We suggest that it is also a critical component of help for CD8(+) T cell responses to pathogens, because protective memory also requires CD8(+) T cell stimulation by IL-2 during priming. |
| 7127 | 19017930 | Cutting edge: CD4+ T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for help-dependent primary CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 7128 | 19017930 | CD4(+) T cell help is essential for primary CD8(+) T cell responses to noninflammatory Ags. |
| 7129 | 19017930 | IL-2 is one of the principal cytokines made by naive CD4(+) T cells, and we show in this study that it is an essential component of help. |
| 7130 | 19017930 | Adoptively transferred naive CD4(+) TCR-transgenic OT-II cells supported endogenous primary CD8(+) T cell responses, but IL-2-deficient OT-II cells were unable to provide help, although they responded to Ag in vivo and up-regulated CD40 ligand in vitro. |
| 7131 | 19017930 | Wild -type OT-II cells helped endogenous CD8(+) T cell responses in IL-2-deficient mice, but not in IL-2Ralpha-deficient mice. |
| 7132 | 19017930 | Thus, CD4(+) T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for CD8(+) T cell responses to noninflammatory, cell-associated Ags. |
| 7133 | 19017930 | We suggest that it is also a critical component of help for CD8(+) T cell responses to pathogens, because protective memory also requires CD8(+) T cell stimulation by IL-2 during priming. |
| 7134 | 19017952 | During T cell interaction with APC, CD28 is recruited to the central region (cSMAC) of the immunological synapse. |
| 7135 | 19017952 | CD28-mediated signaling through PI3K results in the recruitment of protein kinase C-theta (PKCtheta) to the cSMAC, activation of NF-kappaB, and up-regulation of IL-2 transcription. |
| 7136 | 19017952 | In this report, we show that CD28 recruitment and persistence at the immunological synapse requires TCR signals and CD80 engagement. |
| 7137 | 19017952 | Addition of mAb to either MHC class II or CD80 results in the rapid displacement of CD28 from the immunological synapse. |
| 7138 | 19017952 | Ligand binding is not sufficient for CD28 localization to the immunological synapse, as truncation of the cytosolic tail of CD28 disrupts synapse localization without effecting the ability of CD28 to bind CD80. |
| 7139 | 19017952 | Mutation of tyrosine 188 also results in diminished activation of NF-kappaB, suggesting that CD28-mediated localization of PKCtheta to the cSMAC is important for efficient signal transduction. |
| 7140 | 19020105 | The lymphoproliferative and cytokine responses (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were assessed for 11 HIV-seropositive, Cryptosporidium-positive (group I) patients; 20 HIV-seropositive, Cryptosporidium-negative (group II) patients; 10 HIV-seronegative, Cryptosporidium-positive (group III) patients, including four post-renal transplant (group IIIa) and 6 presumably immunocompetent (group IIIb) patients; and 20 HIV-seronegative, Cryptosporidium-negative healthy individuals (group IV). |
| 7141 | 19023533 | The mice given CIA07 plus alum also showed a marked increase in the number of IFN-gamma-, IL-2-, and IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells among their splenocytes. |
| 7142 | 19027322 | Peripheral blood samples were measured by ELISA for plasma levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IFN-alpha. |
| 7143 | 19027322 | The pattern of production of IFN-gamma was opposite to that of TNF-alpha, but statistical significance was stronger in patients receiving ATT and Dzherelo+Anemin than in Dzherelo group: -34% (P=0.004), +31.9% (P=0.008), and +17.3% (P=0.33), respectively. |
| 7144 | 19036430 | At the lowest antigen dose (0.01 microg/mL), PK3-OVA-poly(I:C) microparticles also enhanced TNF-alpha and IL-2 production in CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7145 | 19041358 | PD also significantly promoted the production of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines and up-regulated the mRNA expression of Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) in splenocytes from the mice immunized with HBsAg (P<0.001). |
| 7146 | 19050276 | Contrary to the belief that CD4 T cells are protective because they merely maintain the CD8 T cell response and improve Ab production, in this study we provide evidence for the direct antiviral activity of CD4 T cells that functions to protect the host from WNV encephalitis. |
| 7147 | 19050276 | In adoptive transfers, naive CD4 T cells protected a significant number of lethally infected RAG(-/-) mice, demonstrating the protective effect of CD4 T cells independent of B cells and CD8 T cells. |
| 7148 | 19050276 | WNV-specific CD4 T cells produced IFN-gamma and IL-2, but also showed potential for in vivo and ex vivo cytotoxicity. |
| 7149 | 19073216 | An Ad serotype 5 vector containing unique deletions in the E2b region (Ad5 [E1-, E2b-]) has been reported to have several advantages over conventional Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors deleted in only the E1 region (Ad5 [E1-]), including increased carrying capacity and diminished viral late gene expression. |
| 7150 | 19073216 | Multiple immunizations of Ad naïve BALB/c mice with an Ad5 [E1-, E2b]-gag vaccine resulted in higher ELISpot CMI responses as compared to mice immunized with an Ad5 [E1-]-gag vaccine. |
| 7151 | 19073216 | More importantly, multiple immunizations of Ad5 immune BALB/c mice with an Ad5 [E1-, E2b]-gag vaccine resulted in significant increases in ELISpot CMI responses when compared to Ad5 immune mice vaccinated with an Ad5 [E1-]-gag vector. |
| 7152 | 19073216 | Preliminary studies in three Ad5 immune non-human primates (NHP) demonstrated that vaccination with Ad5 [E1-, E2b-]-gag-induced elevated levels of interferon-gamma and IL-2 secreting lymphocytes as assessed by ELISpot assays. |
| 7153 | 19075247 | Activation of RSV-specific T cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-2 was efficiently obtained after immunization with recombinant BCG. |
| 7154 | 19091993 | Splenocytes derived from Fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 (Flt3) ligand-pretreated BALB/c mice were incubated with magnetic beads coated with HCV NS5, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and/or anti-CD40; purified; and used for immunization. |
| 7155 | 19091993 | Cellular immunity was measured using cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and T-cell proliferation assays, intracellular cytokine staining, and a syngeneic tumor challenge using NS5-expressing SP2/0 myeloma cells in vivo. |
| 7156 | 19091993 | Splenocytes isolated from animals vaccinated with DCs containing beads coated with NS5, LPS, and anti-CD40 secreted elevated levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon in the presence of NS5. |
| 7157 | 19091993 | The numbers of CD4(+), IL-2-producing cells were increased >5-fold in the group immunized with DCs containing beads coated with NS5, LPS, and anti-CD40, paralleled by an enhanced splenocyte proliferative response. |
| 7158 | 19091993 | Splenocytes derived from Fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 (Flt3) ligand-pretreated BALB/c mice were incubated with magnetic beads coated with HCV NS5, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and/or anti-CD40; purified; and used for immunization. |
| 7159 | 19091993 | Cellular immunity was measured using cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and T-cell proliferation assays, intracellular cytokine staining, and a syngeneic tumor challenge using NS5-expressing SP2/0 myeloma cells in vivo. |
| 7160 | 19091993 | Splenocytes isolated from animals vaccinated with DCs containing beads coated with NS5, LPS, and anti-CD40 secreted elevated levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon in the presence of NS5. |
| 7161 | 19091993 | The numbers of CD4(+), IL-2-producing cells were increased >5-fold in the group immunized with DCs containing beads coated with NS5, LPS, and anti-CD40, paralleled by an enhanced splenocyte proliferative response. |
| 7162 | 19109135 | Activated human neonatal CD8+ T cells are subject to immunomodulation by direct TLR2 or TLR5 stimulation. |
| 7163 | 19109135 | In concert with TCR stimulation, only Pam(3)Cys (palmitoyl-3-Cys-Ser-(Lys)(4)) and flagellin monomers significantly enhanced proliferation, CD25(+) expression, IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and intracellular granzyme B expression. |
| 7164 | 19109135 | TLR2 and TLR5 mRNA was detected in the CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7165 | 19109135 | Blocking studies confirmed that the increase in IFN-gamma production was by the direct triggering of surface TLR2 or TLR5. |
| 7166 | 19109135 | The simultaneous exposure of CD8(+) T cells to both TLR agonists had an additive effect on IFN-gamma production. |
| 7167 | 19110021 | We demonstrate for the first time that treatment with yeast-CEA can activate human DCs, resulting in increases in surface expression of CD80, CD83, CD54, CD58, and MHC class II, and increased production by DCs of IL-12p70, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-8, IL-2, IL-13, IL-10, and IL-1beta. |
| 7168 | 19116444 | and IL-4 production than other constructs, except IL-2 production. |
| 7169 | 19124723 | The recently described cytokines IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24 share structural homology with IL-10 and are therefore classified as members of the IL-10 family of cytokines. |
| 7170 | 19124723 | Although it has long been speculated that signaling by their heterodimeric receptor complexes (IL-20R1/IL-20R2 and IL-22R/IL-20R2) influences immunological processes, the target cells for this group of cytokines are still unclear. |
| 7171 | 19124723 | By generating a knockout mouse strain deficient for the common IL-20R beta-chain (IL-20R2), we show that IFN-gamma and IL-2 secretion is significantly elevated after stimulation of IL-20R2-/--deficient CD8 and CD4 T cells with Con A or anti-CD3/CD28 in vitro. |
| 7172 | 19124723 | IL-10 secretion by activated IL-20R2-/- CD4 cells was diminished. |
| 7173 | 19124723 | Consistent with our in vitro results, significantly more Ag-specific CD8 IFN-gamma+ and CD4 IFN-gamma+ T cells developed to locally applied DNA vaccines in IL-20R2-deficient mice. |
| 7174 | 19124723 | Thus, IL-20R2 signaling directly regulates CD8 and CD4 T cell answers in vitro and in vivo. |
| 7175 | 19124723 | For the first time, we provide evidence that IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24 are part of a signaling network that normally down-modulates T cell responses in mice. |
| 7176 | 19129019 | Here, we have investigated the structural and functional relationships of p53, oncogene and interleukin 2 (IL2) proteins using the resonant recognition model (RRM), a physico-mathematical approach based on digital signal processing methods. |
| 7177 | 19141458 | Broad, high-magnitude and multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses elicited by a DNA and modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine containing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C genes in baboons. |
| 7178 | 19141458 | The vaccine regimen induced (i) strong T-cell responses, with a median of 4103 spot forming units per 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) ELISPOT, (ii) broad T-cell responses targeting all five vaccine-expressed genes, with a median of 12 peptides targeted per animal and without any single protein dominating the response, (iii) balanced CD4(+) and CD8(+) responses, which produced both IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2, including IL-2-only responses not detected by the ELISPOT assay, (iv) vaccine memory, which persisted 1 year after immunization and could be boosted further, despite strong anti-vector responses, and (v) mucosal T-cell responses in iliac and mesenteric lymph nodes in two animals tested. |
| 7179 | 19141458 | Together, our data show that a combination of DNA and MVA immunization induced robust, durable, multifunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) responses in baboons targeting multiple HIV epitopes that may home to mucosal sites. |
| 7180 | 19157569 | Of 11 vaccine adjuvants tested, five (i.e. interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, interferon alpha (IFNalpha), polyinosinic and polycytidylic acid, and cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN)) significantly enhance CMI response to PRRSV vaccines. |
| 7181 | 19188599 | Antigen-specific responses from protected monkeys receiving BCG and Mtb72F/AS02A had a distinctive cytokine profile characterized by an increased ratio between 3 Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma, TNF, and IL-2 and an innate cytokine, IL-6. |
| 7182 | 19201905 | A phase I-II study of alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with advanced and recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. |
| 7183 | 19201905 | To evaluate the safety, immune responses, and antitumor responses after the administration of alpha-galactosylceramide (alphaGalCer) KRN7000-pulsed PBMC cultured with IL-2 and GM-CSF (IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs), a phase I-II study in patients with non-small cell lung cancer was conducted. |
| 7184 | 19201905 | Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer or recurrent lung cancer refractory to the standard therapy were eligible. alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs (1 x 10(9)/m(2)) were i.v. administered four times. |
| 7185 | 19201905 | After the injection of alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs, an increased number of IFN-gamma-producing cells in the peripheral blood were detected in 10 patients (58.8%). |
| 7186 | 19201905 | The administration of alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs was well tolerated and was accompanied by the successful induction of NKT cell-dependent immune responses. |
| 7187 | 19201905 | A phase I-II study of alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with advanced and recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. |
| 7188 | 19201905 | To evaluate the safety, immune responses, and antitumor responses after the administration of alpha-galactosylceramide (alphaGalCer) KRN7000-pulsed PBMC cultured with IL-2 and GM-CSF (IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs), a phase I-II study in patients with non-small cell lung cancer was conducted. |
| 7189 | 19201905 | Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer or recurrent lung cancer refractory to the standard therapy were eligible. alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs (1 x 10(9)/m(2)) were i.v. administered four times. |
| 7190 | 19201905 | After the injection of alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs, an increased number of IFN-gamma-producing cells in the peripheral blood were detected in 10 patients (58.8%). |
| 7191 | 19201905 | The administration of alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs was well tolerated and was accompanied by the successful induction of NKT cell-dependent immune responses. |
| 7192 | 19201905 | A phase I-II study of alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with advanced and recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. |
| 7193 | 19201905 | To evaluate the safety, immune responses, and antitumor responses after the administration of alpha-galactosylceramide (alphaGalCer) KRN7000-pulsed PBMC cultured with IL-2 and GM-CSF (IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs), a phase I-II study in patients with non-small cell lung cancer was conducted. |
| 7194 | 19201905 | Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer or recurrent lung cancer refractory to the standard therapy were eligible. alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs (1 x 10(9)/m(2)) were i.v. administered four times. |
| 7195 | 19201905 | After the injection of alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs, an increased number of IFN-gamma-producing cells in the peripheral blood were detected in 10 patients (58.8%). |
| 7196 | 19201905 | The administration of alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs was well tolerated and was accompanied by the successful induction of NKT cell-dependent immune responses. |
| 7197 | 19201905 | A phase I-II study of alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with advanced and recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. |
| 7198 | 19201905 | To evaluate the safety, immune responses, and antitumor responses after the administration of alpha-galactosylceramide (alphaGalCer) KRN7000-pulsed PBMC cultured with IL-2 and GM-CSF (IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs), a phase I-II study in patients with non-small cell lung cancer was conducted. |
| 7199 | 19201905 | Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer or recurrent lung cancer refractory to the standard therapy were eligible. alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs (1 x 10(9)/m(2)) were i.v. administered four times. |
| 7200 | 19201905 | After the injection of alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs, an increased number of IFN-gamma-producing cells in the peripheral blood were detected in 10 patients (58.8%). |
| 7201 | 19201905 | The administration of alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs was well tolerated and was accompanied by the successful induction of NKT cell-dependent immune responses. |
| 7202 | 19201905 | A phase I-II study of alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with advanced and recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. |
| 7203 | 19201905 | To evaluate the safety, immune responses, and antitumor responses after the administration of alpha-galactosylceramide (alphaGalCer) KRN7000-pulsed PBMC cultured with IL-2 and GM-CSF (IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs), a phase I-II study in patients with non-small cell lung cancer was conducted. |
| 7204 | 19201905 | Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer or recurrent lung cancer refractory to the standard therapy were eligible. alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs (1 x 10(9)/m(2)) were i.v. administered four times. |
| 7205 | 19201905 | After the injection of alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs, an increased number of IFN-gamma-producing cells in the peripheral blood were detected in 10 patients (58.8%). |
| 7206 | 19201905 | The administration of alphaGalCer-pulsed IL-2/GM-CSF-cultured PBMCs was well tolerated and was accompanied by the successful induction of NKT cell-dependent immune responses. |
| 7207 | 19224636 | TB cases had significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma(+)TNF-alpha(+)IL-2(+)CD4(+)T cells compared with contacts. |
| 7208 | 19224636 | TB cases also had a significantly higher proportion of cells single-positive for TNF-alpha, but lower proportion of cells producing IL-2 alone and these differences were seen for both CD4(+)and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7209 | 19224636 | Cytokine profiles from culture supernatants were significantly biased toward a Th1 phenotype (IFN-gamma and IL-12(p40)) together with a complete abrogation of IL-17 secretion in TB cases. |
| 7210 | 19224636 | TB cases had significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma(+)TNF-alpha(+)IL-2(+)CD4(+)T cells compared with contacts. |
| 7211 | 19224636 | TB cases also had a significantly higher proportion of cells single-positive for TNF-alpha, but lower proportion of cells producing IL-2 alone and these differences were seen for both CD4(+)and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7212 | 19224636 | Cytokine profiles from culture supernatants were significantly biased toward a Th1 phenotype (IFN-gamma and IL-12(p40)) together with a complete abrogation of IL-17 secretion in TB cases. |
| 7213 | 19237568 | The CD4(+) response was dominated by IL-2(+) IFN-gamma(-) IL-13(-) T cells. |
| 7214 | 19248157 | Results showed that specific T lymphocyte proliferation and the expression of the Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were higher in the gp120N-IFN-gamma group than the other two groups (P < 0.05). |
| 7215 | 19248157 | No difference was observed in the expression levels of the Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10; P > 0.05). |
| 7216 | 19264776 | Peptides containing the epitopes stimulated RSV-specific CD4 T cells to produce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and other Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in an I-A(b)-restricted pattern. |
| 7217 | 19264776 | Peptide-activated CD4 T cells from lungs were more activated and differentiated, and had greater IFN-gamma expression, than CD4 T cells from the spleen, which, in contrast, produced greater levels of IL-2. |
| 7218 | 19264776 | In addition, M(209-223) peptide-activated CD4 T cells reduced IFN-gamma and IL-2 production in M- and M2-specific CD8 T-cell responses to D(b)-M(187-195) and K(d)-M2(82-90) peptides more than M2(25-39) peptide-stimulated CD4 T cells. |
| 7219 | 19264776 | Peptides containing the epitopes stimulated RSV-specific CD4 T cells to produce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and other Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in an I-A(b)-restricted pattern. |
| 7220 | 19264776 | Peptide-activated CD4 T cells from lungs were more activated and differentiated, and had greater IFN-gamma expression, than CD4 T cells from the spleen, which, in contrast, produced greater levels of IL-2. |
| 7221 | 19264776 | In addition, M(209-223) peptide-activated CD4 T cells reduced IFN-gamma and IL-2 production in M- and M2-specific CD8 T-cell responses to D(b)-M(187-195) and K(d)-M2(82-90) peptides more than M2(25-39) peptide-stimulated CD4 T cells. |
| 7222 | 19264776 | Peptides containing the epitopes stimulated RSV-specific CD4 T cells to produce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and other Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in an I-A(b)-restricted pattern. |
| 7223 | 19264776 | Peptide-activated CD4 T cells from lungs were more activated and differentiated, and had greater IFN-gamma expression, than CD4 T cells from the spleen, which, in contrast, produced greater levels of IL-2. |
| 7224 | 19264776 | In addition, M(209-223) peptide-activated CD4 T cells reduced IFN-gamma and IL-2 production in M- and M2-specific CD8 T-cell responses to D(b)-M(187-195) and K(d)-M2(82-90) peptides more than M2(25-39) peptide-stimulated CD4 T cells. |
| 7225 | 19303121 | Using real-time PCR quantification assay, expression of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p40, IFNgamma); Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) and inflammatory (IL-6, TNFalpha) cytokines were quantified weekly for the entire three-week duration of the experiment. |
| 7226 | 19303121 | It was noted that IFNgamma, IL-10 and TNFalpha had peaked on week three post-vaccination while the remaining cytokines peaked on the second week and decreased by the third week. |
| 7227 | 19303121 | The counteraction between IFNgamma and IL-4 was noted as well as the possible suppressive action of IL-10 to that of IL-2 and IL-12, which is a common phenomenon between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. |
| 7228 | 19303121 | Synergy between TNFa and IL-6 was also observed. |
| 7229 | 19303121 | Using real-time PCR quantification assay, expression of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p40, IFNgamma); Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) and inflammatory (IL-6, TNFalpha) cytokines were quantified weekly for the entire three-week duration of the experiment. |
| 7230 | 19303121 | It was noted that IFNgamma, IL-10 and TNFalpha had peaked on week three post-vaccination while the remaining cytokines peaked on the second week and decreased by the third week. |
| 7231 | 19303121 | The counteraction between IFNgamma and IL-4 was noted as well as the possible suppressive action of IL-10 to that of IL-2 and IL-12, which is a common phenomenon between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. |
| 7232 | 19303121 | Synergy between TNFa and IL-6 was also observed. |
| 7233 | 19306502 | T cell expression of the inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) and inhibition of effector T cells (Teffs) by CD4+Foxp3+Tregs are among the many described mechanisms for achieving a balanced immune response. |
| 7234 | 19306502 | In this issue of the JCI, Franceschini et al. extend our understanding of how Tregs are modulated during chronic HCV infection by demonstrating that Treg proliferation is inhibited by PD-1 and that this inhibition is mediated by a potentially novel mechanism involving the prevention of IL-2-driven STAT-5phosphorylation. |
| 7235 | 19307173 | The mRNA expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) was determined using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay. |
| 7236 | 19307173 | GGS altered the expression of IL-4 and IL-12 in T lymphocytes. |
| 7237 | 19321612 | Persistent cytokine responses of antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells of the central memory as well as the effector memory phenotype, capable of simultaneously eliciting multiple cytokines (IFN-gamma, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), were induced. |
| 7238 | 19342966 | Whereas a wealth of information is available on how these adjuvants affect CD4 T cell responses, their effects on engaging CD8 T cell immunity are not completely understood. |
| 7239 | 19342966 | Our data show that CFA-induced CD8 T cells to proliferate, mediate DTH, and to secrete interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-17. |
| 7240 | 19357166 | Acquisition of polyfunctionality by Epstein-Barr virus-specific CD8+ T cells correlates with increased resistance to galectin-1-mediated suppression. |
| 7241 | 19357166 | More importantly, ex vivo stimulation of these T cells with an adenoviral vector encoding multiple minimal CD8(+) T-cell epitopes as a polyepitope, in combination with a gammaC cytokine, interleukin-2, restored polyfunctionality and shielded these cells from the inhibitory effects of galectin-1. |
| 7242 | 19357176 | Here we show that a primary CD8(+) T-cell response can be induced by HIV-1 peptide-loaded DC derived from blood monocytes of HIV-1-negative adults and neonates (moDC) and by Langerhans cells (LC) and interstitial, dermal-intestinal DC (idDC) derived from CD34(+) stem cells of neonatal cord blood. |
| 7243 | 19357176 | Optimal priming of single-cell gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by CD8(+) T cells required CD4(+) T cells and was broadly directed to multiple regions of Gag, Env, and Nef that corresponded to known and predicted major histocompatibility complex class I epitopes. |
| 7244 | 19357176 | Polyfunctional CD8(+) T-cell responses, defined as single-cell production of more than one cytokine (IFN-gamma, interleukin 2, or tumor necrosis factor alpha), chemokine (macrophage inhibitory factor 1beta), or cytotoxic degranulation marker CD107a, were primed by moDC, LC, and idDC to HIV-1 Gag and reverse transcriptase epitopes, as well as to Epstein-Barr virus and influenza A virus epitopes. |
| 7245 | 19414123 | There is potential utility for antifibrinolytic drugs, cytokine supplementation (IL2/IFN), and Cox-2 inhibitors. |
| 7246 | 19428306 | In this review, we discuss the four major gammaC cytokines that have proven activity in or potential for immunotherapy: IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21. |
| 7247 | 19428898 | In BALB/c mice the vaccine preparation induced antigen-specific multi-functional CD4(+) T cells capable of producing IFN-gamma, IL-2, and/or TNF-alpha upon antigen re-exposure, and MPL-SE was indispensable to direct immune responses to SMT towards Th1. |
| 7248 | 19445368 | Later, blockade of the homeostatic interleukin-7/CD4 loop contributes to rendering this CD4 lymphopenia irreversible. |
| 7249 | 19445368 | Also, these "central memory" CD4 T lymphocytes produce large quantities of IL-2, that they use in an autocrine manner, stimulating their self-renewal and ensuring their long-term survival. |
| 7250 | 19457773 | The DNA vaccine induced T-cell-mediated immunity as shown by significantly increased NO concentrations, cytokine gene (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) expression, and NcSRS2 protein-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in mice immunised with the DNA vaccine. |
| 7251 | 19461208 | Protection of chicken against very virulent IBDV provided by in ovo priming with DNA vaccine and boosting with killed vaccine and the adjuvant effects of plasmid-encoded chicken interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma. |
| 7252 | 19461208 | In addition, the adjuvant effects of plasmid-encoded chicken interleukin-2 and chicken interferon-gamma were tested in conjunction with the vaccine. |
| 7253 | 19461208 | A plasmid DNA vaccine (pcDNA-VP243) encoding the VP2, VP4, and VP3 proteins of the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) SH/92 strain was injected into the amniotic sac alone or in combination with a plasmid encoding chicken IL-2 (ChIL-2) or chicken IFN-gamma (ChIFN-gamma) at embryonation day 18, followed by an intramuscular injection of a commercial killed IBD vaccine at 1 week of age. |
| 7254 | 19461208 | Protection of chicken against very virulent IBDV provided by in ovo priming with DNA vaccine and boosting with killed vaccine and the adjuvant effects of plasmid-encoded chicken interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma. |
| 7255 | 19461208 | In addition, the adjuvant effects of plasmid-encoded chicken interleukin-2 and chicken interferon-gamma were tested in conjunction with the vaccine. |
| 7256 | 19461208 | A plasmid DNA vaccine (pcDNA-VP243) encoding the VP2, VP4, and VP3 proteins of the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) SH/92 strain was injected into the amniotic sac alone or in combination with a plasmid encoding chicken IL-2 (ChIL-2) or chicken IFN-gamma (ChIFN-gamma) at embryonation day 18, followed by an intramuscular injection of a commercial killed IBD vaccine at 1 week of age. |
| 7257 | 19461208 | Protection of chicken against very virulent IBDV provided by in ovo priming with DNA vaccine and boosting with killed vaccine and the adjuvant effects of plasmid-encoded chicken interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma. |
| 7258 | 19461208 | In addition, the adjuvant effects of plasmid-encoded chicken interleukin-2 and chicken interferon-gamma were tested in conjunction with the vaccine. |
| 7259 | 19461208 | A plasmid DNA vaccine (pcDNA-VP243) encoding the VP2, VP4, and VP3 proteins of the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) SH/92 strain was injected into the amniotic sac alone or in combination with a plasmid encoding chicken IL-2 (ChIL-2) or chicken IFN-gamma (ChIFN-gamma) at embryonation day 18, followed by an intramuscular injection of a commercial killed IBD vaccine at 1 week of age. |
| 7260 | 19467215 | Co-injection of pVAX/mIL-18 significantly increased the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 compared with pVAX/SjFABP alone, indicating that IL-18 enhances the Th1-dominant immune response. |
| 7261 | 19467927 | Although dendritic cells readily upregulated maturation and activation markers in response to K88 stimulation, accompanied by secretion of interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor, restimulation of T cells from mice having received EcN-K88 with K88-loaded dendritic cells did not result in detectable T cell proliferation and IL-2 secretion, but rather induced an IL-10 bias. |
| 7262 | 19483643 | Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor plus interleukin-2 plus alpha-interferon plus 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer: induction of CD80/86+ T cells indicates adverse outcome. |
| 7263 | 19483643 | Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor plays a central role in the differentiation and activation of antigen presenting cells. |
| 7264 | 19483643 | This clinical phase 1/2 chemoimmunotherapy trial in metastatic RCC used sequential application of alpha-interferon /5-fluorouracil followed by granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor/interleukin-2. |
| 7265 | 19483643 | Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor plus interleukin-2 plus alpha-interferon plus 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer: induction of CD80/86+ T cells indicates adverse outcome. |
| 7266 | 19483643 | Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor plays a central role in the differentiation and activation of antigen presenting cells. |
| 7267 | 19483643 | This clinical phase 1/2 chemoimmunotherapy trial in metastatic RCC used sequential application of alpha-interferon /5-fluorouracil followed by granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor/interleukin-2. |
| 7268 | 19483649 | Using this model, we found that induction of lymphopenia before adoptive transfer of ex vivo anti-CD3/CD28 activated and interleukin-2 expanded D5-G6 tumor draining lymph node cells enhanced the antitumor efficacy of the infused cells in both pulmonary metastases and subcutaneous D5 bearing mice. |
| 7269 | 19483649 | This enhanced antitumor activity was associated with a selective increase in proliferation, accumulation, and function of CD4+ rather than CD8+ infused cells. |
| 7270 | 19484809 | Further, there was an appreciable increase in interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 production in lymphocytes isolated from immunized mice as compared with control. |
| 7271 | 19494330 | Characterization of the CD4 memory T cells by multicolor flow cytometry demonstrated that the long-lived memory population consisted almost exclusively of TNF-alpha(+)IL-2(+) and IFN-gamma(+)TNF-alpha(+)IL-2(+) multifunctional T cells. |
| 7272 | 19494330 | Long-term memory induced by the BCG vaccine contained fewer multifunctional T cells and was biased toward effector cells mainly of the TNF-alpha(+)IFN-gamma(+)-coexpressing subset. |
| 7273 | 19508869 | In contrast to rROP2 stimulating only the specific IL-2 release, rROP4 and crude toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA) used as a source of native forms of the parasite proteins induced significant proliferation of splenocytes and specific production of IFN-gamma as well as IL-2, the Th1-type cytokines. |
| 7274 | 19523909 | The IN defective vector was able to efficiently elicit specific and long-lasting polyfunctional immune responses as evaluated by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in spleens, bone marrow (BM) and draining lymph nodes, and by intracellular staining (ICS) for IFN-gamma, Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) in both splenocytes and BM cells without integration of the vector into the host genome. |
| 7275 | 19523911 | During vaccination of rN protein, the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-10 was evidently up-regulated in splenocytes at different time points, while the expression of IL-2 and IL-4 was not. |
| 7276 | 19524654 | Further, cytokine levels-interferon gamma and interleukin-2-were increased in spleen homogenates. |
| 7277 | 19526193 | Cytometry analysis indicated that the majority of memory CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma, whereas memory CD4(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma, IL-2 or TNF-alpha. |
| 7278 | 19540000 | The bIL18 rDNA induced production of the Th1 type cytokines IL2 and IFNgamma, and ClfA(221-550) and bIL18 synergistically stimulated T-lymphocyte proliferation. |
| 7279 | 19540885 | The Th1 (TNF-alpha, IL-12p70, IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-10, IL-6) cytokine profiles were analyzed after stimulation of spleen cells from mice immunized with purified RF-412 protein. |
| 7280 | 19540920 | The Escherichia coli produced recombinant IL-2 was shown to increase the expression of two transcription factors, STAT5 and Blimp-1, known to be involved in IL-2 signalling in mammals, as well as IFN-gamma, gIP and IL-2 itself. |
| 7281 | 19543225 | In this Review, we focus on our current understanding of the distinct and overlapping effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21, as well as the IL-7-related cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), on the survival and proliferation of conventional alphabeta T cells, gammadelta T cells and regulatory T cells. |
| 7282 | 19554480 | Several modalities of vaccines have been tested against lipoproteins, cholesterol, molecules involved in cholesterol metabolism, atherosclerosis-associated microorganisms, and other molecules (heat shock protein, CD99, vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor, interleukin-2), with promising results. |
| 7283 | 19556898 | T-cell activation requires both antigen presentation to the T-cell receptor and a second signal mediated by CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells and CD28 on the T cell. |
| 7284 | 19556898 | Ligand binding to CD28 on the T-cell surface leads to T-cell proliferation and expression of activating cytokines such as interleukin-2. |
| 7285 | 19556898 | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), an inhibitory protein expressed on T cells, competes for the same ligands as CD28 and modulates T-cell activation. |
| 7286 | 19556898 | Because CTLA-4 has a significantly higher binding efficiency than CD28, CTLA-4 is critical in maintaining immune tolerance to self-antigens and may also limit responses to tumor antigens and vaccine therapy. |
| 7287 | 19559111 | The results showed that immunization with chimeric DNA vaccine construct resulted in stronger IFN-gamma and IL-2 response against kinesin (3012+/-102 and 367.5+/-8.92pg/ml) and ESAT-6 (1334+/-46.5 and 245.1+/-7.72pg/ml) in comparison to the individual vaccine constructs. |
| 7288 | 19559111 | The reciprocal immune response (IFN-gamma and IL-2) against individual construct was lower (kinesin motor domain: 1788+/-36.48 and 341.8+/-9.801pg/ml and ESAT-6: 867.0+/-47.23 and 170.8+/-4.578pg/ml, respectively). |
| 7289 | 19559111 | The results showed that immunization with chimeric DNA vaccine construct resulted in stronger IFN-gamma and IL-2 response against kinesin (3012+/-102 and 367.5+/-8.92pg/ml) and ESAT-6 (1334+/-46.5 and 245.1+/-7.72pg/ml) in comparison to the individual vaccine constructs. |
| 7290 | 19559111 | The reciprocal immune response (IFN-gamma and IL-2) against individual construct was lower (kinesin motor domain: 1788+/-36.48 and 341.8+/-9.801pg/ml and ESAT-6: 867.0+/-47.23 and 170.8+/-4.578pg/ml, respectively). |
| 7291 | 19564375 | The cell-mediated immune (CMI) response was characterized by significant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-2, IL-10, and IL-17 production. |
| 7292 | 19564375 | Several antibody and CMI cytokine responses were examined for correlates of protection, and prechallenge IFN-gamma(+) or IFN-gamma-, IL-2-, and tumor necrosis factor alpha-triple-positive CD4 cells in blood were statistically associated with protection. |
| 7293 | 19564375 | The cell-mediated immune (CMI) response was characterized by significant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-2, IL-10, and IL-17 production. |
| 7294 | 19564375 | Several antibody and CMI cytokine responses were examined for correlates of protection, and prechallenge IFN-gamma(+) or IFN-gamma-, IL-2-, and tumor necrosis factor alpha-triple-positive CD4 cells in blood were statistically associated with protection. |
| 7295 | 19577301 | However, there were no major changes in the expression levels of transcripts for cell surface proteins (MHC I, MHC II 2 beta-chain, TCR-beta, TLR-7, DCAR, CD44, and CD58) and cytokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma, RANTES, MIP-1beta-like and MCP-1 like chemokines). |
| 7296 | 19585669 | Production of primary interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 in GRA4-stimulated splenocytes from vaccinated mice suggested a modulated Th1-type response. 72.7% of C57BL/6 mice immunized with liposome-encapsulated pGRA4 survived the challenge with 80 tissue cysts of ME49 strain, whereas C57BL/6 mice immunized with pGRA4 had only a survival rate of 54.5%. |
| 7297 | 19587528 | The Mtb72F antigen induced good production of IL-2 and IFNgamma in the ELISPOT assay and CD4(+) T cells expressing at least two activation markers (mainly CD40-L and IL-2) were observed with ICS. |
| 7298 | 19592661 | Upon virulent challenge, the immunized mice displayed in the CD4(+) T cell population a significant increase of single and multiple cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF) producing cells and IFN-gamma/IL10 ratio. |
| 7299 | 19620310 | Importantly, a simple synthetic analog of MMG, based on a 32 carbon mycolic acid, was found to give rise to comparable high Th1-biased responses with a major representation of polyfunctional CD4 T cells coexpressing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. |
| 7300 | 19620314 | The vaccine-promoted response consists mainly of double- (TNF-alpha and IL-2) or triple-positive (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2) polyfunctional T cells. |
| 7301 | 19628058 | WSL enhanced Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma expression in Con A primed splenocytes in vitro. |
| 7302 | 19628058 | When given orally for 2 weeks to BALB/c mice immunized with emulsion of OVA in Freund's adjuvant (OVA-FCA), it caused dose-dependent proliferation of T cells and improved their ability to secrete IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but moderately down-regulated Th2 cytokine IL-4. |
| 7303 | 19628058 | Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte surface markers of T cells CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+), and B cells CD19(+) indicated prominent enhancement in proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes. |
| 7304 | 19628058 | Further, the effect of WSL in immunized mice elicited up-regulation of beta-integrins LFA (CD11a) and Mac-1 (CD11b) in splenocytes. |
| 7305 | 19628058 | Co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 that are important secondary signals for the activation of immune system elicited remarkable enhanced expression when observed in spleen-derived macrophages isolated from WSL treated mice. |
| 7306 | 19637624 | Compared with the control, the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 expression by splenic lymphocytes from mice immunized with pA and pEA were significantly increased. |
| 7307 | 19637624 | In addition, we found that the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 from the mice immunized with pEA was higher than mice immunized with pA did. |
| 7308 | 19637624 | Compared with the control, the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 expression by splenic lymphocytes from mice immunized with pA and pEA were significantly increased. |
| 7309 | 19637624 | In addition, we found that the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 from the mice immunized with pEA was higher than mice immunized with pA did. |
| 7310 | 19638322 | The immunization preferentially stimulates the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 in splenocytes which suggests a Th1 type response with a concomitant down-regulation of IL-10 and IL-4. |
| 7311 | 19651643 | PD1 blockade reverses the suppression of melanoma antigen-specific CTL by CD4+ CD25(Hi) regulatory T cells. |
| 7312 | 19651643 | Regulatory CD4(+)CD25(Hi) T cells (Treg) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) molecule have emerged as pivotal players in immune regulation. |
| 7313 | 19651643 | We identified Treg in the circulation of vaccinated melanoma patients and detected PD-1 expression on vaccine-induced melanoma antigen-specific CTLs, as well as on and within Treg from patients' peripheral blood. |
| 7314 | 19651643 | PD-1 blockade promoted the generation of melanoma antigen-specific CTLs and masked their inhibition by Treg. |
| 7315 | 19651643 | The mechanisms by which PD-1 blockade mediated immune enhancement included direct augmentation of melanoma antigen-specific CTL proliferation, heightening their resistance to inhibition by Treg and direct limitation of the inhibitory ability of Treg. |
| 7316 | 19651643 | PD-1 blockade reversed the increased expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on melanoma antigen-specific CTL by Treg, rescued INF-gamma and IL-2 or INF-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha co-expression and expression of IL-7 receptor by melanoma antigen-specific CTL which were diminished by Treg. |
| 7317 | 19651872 | Circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-specific responses were detected in approximately half of RTS,S-immunized infants and included gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and combined IL-2/IL-4 responses. |
| 7318 | 19651872 | The median stimulation indices of cytokine-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were very low but significantly higher in RTS,S-immunized infants than in infants that received the comparator vaccine. |
| 7319 | 19651872 | Protection against subsequent malarial infection tended to be associated with a higher percentage of individuals with CSP-specific IL-2 in the supernatant (P = 0.053) and with higher CSP-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T-cell responses (P = 0.07). |
| 7320 | 19651872 | Circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-specific responses were detected in approximately half of RTS,S-immunized infants and included gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and combined IL-2/IL-4 responses. |
| 7321 | 19651872 | The median stimulation indices of cytokine-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were very low but significantly higher in RTS,S-immunized infants than in infants that received the comparator vaccine. |
| 7322 | 19651872 | Protection against subsequent malarial infection tended to be associated with a higher percentage of individuals with CSP-specific IL-2 in the supernatant (P = 0.053) and with higher CSP-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T-cell responses (P = 0.07). |
| 7323 | 19652028 | Murine splenocytes expressing a transgenic TCR specific for CTL peptide OVA(257-264) (SIINFEKL) demonstrated up to 25-fold greater IFN-gamma and IL-2 secretion when treated in vitro with alpha(2)M*-OVA compared with soluble OVA. |
| 7324 | 19658096 | All individuals demonstrated stable IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4 ex vivo ELISPOT effector responses against P. falciparum-infected RBC (iRBC) Ag, 28 and 90 days after challenge. |
| 7325 | 19658096 | However, infected RBC-specific central memory responses, as measured by IFN-gamma cultured ELISPOT, were low and unstable over time, despite CD4(+) T cells being highly proliferative by CFSE dilution, and showed an inverse relationship to parasite density. |
| 7326 | 19658096 | This activity could not be accounted for by the expression of IL-10, TGF-beta, FOXP3 or CTLA-4, but proliferating T cells expressed high levels of CD95, indicating a pro-apoptotic phenotype. |
| 7327 | 19671000 | Therapeutic vaccination with an interleukin-2-interferon-gamma-secreting allogeneic tumor vaccine in patients with progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase I/II trial. |
| 7328 | 19671000 | This study investigated the safety profile and antitumor activity of an allogeneic prostate carcinoma cell line, LNCaP, expressing recombinant human interleukin-2 and human interferon-gamma. |
| 7329 | 19671000 | Therapeutic vaccination with an interleukin-2-interferon-gamma-secreting allogeneic tumor vaccine in patients with progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase I/II trial. |
| 7330 | 19671000 | This study investigated the safety profile and antitumor activity of an allogeneic prostate carcinoma cell line, LNCaP, expressing recombinant human interleukin-2 and human interferon-gamma. |
| 7331 | 19679214 | Our results show that Fluzone combined with lipid A plus an emulsion effectively leads to greater vaccine-specific IgG2a and IgG titers, enhances hemagglutination-inhibition titers and induces Type 1 cytokine responses (IFN-gamma and IL-2) to each of the Fluzone components. |
| 7332 | 19680453 | The delivery of cytokines, either by single cytokines, for example, interleukin-2, interleukin-12, interferon-gamma, interferon-alpha, or by a biologic mix of multiple cytokines, such as IRX-2, may result in tumor rejection and durable immune responses. |
| 7333 | 19706905 | Antigen-specific antibodies and Th1 cytokines, interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were induced in rVCG-TBCA2-immunized mice and in vitro on antigen stimulation of splenic immune T cells, but the corresponding Th2-type response was unremarkable. |
| 7334 | 19711075 | Lytic activity against primary AML cells is stimulated in vitro by an autologous whole cell vaccine expressing IL-2 and CD80. |
| 7335 | 19711075 | We have previously shown that in vitro stimulation of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with primary AML cells modified to express CD80 and IL-2 promotes proliferation, secretion of Th1 cytokines and expansion of activated CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7336 | 19711075 | In this study, we show that allogeneic effector cells (from a healthy donor or AML patients) when stimulated with IL-2/CD80 modified AML blasts were able to induce the lysis of unmodified AML blasts. |
| 7337 | 19711075 | Effector cells stimulated with IL-2/CD80AML blasts had higher lytic activity than cells stimulated with AML cells expressing CD80 or IL-2 alone. |
| 7338 | 19711075 | Similarly, AML patient PBMCs primed with autologous IL-2/CD80 AML cells had a higher frequency of IFN-gamma secreting cells and show cytotoxicity against autologous, unmodified blasts. |
| 7339 | 19711075 | Although studied in a small number of heterogeneous patient samples, the data are encouraging and support the continuing development of vaccination for poor prognosis AML patients with autologous cells genetically modified to express IL-2/CD80. |
| 7340 | 19711075 | Lytic activity against primary AML cells is stimulated in vitro by an autologous whole cell vaccine expressing IL-2 and CD80. |
| 7341 | 19711075 | We have previously shown that in vitro stimulation of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with primary AML cells modified to express CD80 and IL-2 promotes proliferation, secretion of Th1 cytokines and expansion of activated CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7342 | 19711075 | In this study, we show that allogeneic effector cells (from a healthy donor or AML patients) when stimulated with IL-2/CD80 modified AML blasts were able to induce the lysis of unmodified AML blasts. |
| 7343 | 19711075 | Effector cells stimulated with IL-2/CD80AML blasts had higher lytic activity than cells stimulated with AML cells expressing CD80 or IL-2 alone. |
| 7344 | 19711075 | Similarly, AML patient PBMCs primed with autologous IL-2/CD80 AML cells had a higher frequency of IFN-gamma secreting cells and show cytotoxicity against autologous, unmodified blasts. |
| 7345 | 19711075 | Although studied in a small number of heterogeneous patient samples, the data are encouraging and support the continuing development of vaccination for poor prognosis AML patients with autologous cells genetically modified to express IL-2/CD80. |
| 7346 | 19711075 | Lytic activity against primary AML cells is stimulated in vitro by an autologous whole cell vaccine expressing IL-2 and CD80. |
| 7347 | 19711075 | We have previously shown that in vitro stimulation of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with primary AML cells modified to express CD80 and IL-2 promotes proliferation, secretion of Th1 cytokines and expansion of activated CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7348 | 19711075 | In this study, we show that allogeneic effector cells (from a healthy donor or AML patients) when stimulated with IL-2/CD80 modified AML blasts were able to induce the lysis of unmodified AML blasts. |
| 7349 | 19711075 | Effector cells stimulated with IL-2/CD80AML blasts had higher lytic activity than cells stimulated with AML cells expressing CD80 or IL-2 alone. |
| 7350 | 19711075 | Similarly, AML patient PBMCs primed with autologous IL-2/CD80 AML cells had a higher frequency of IFN-gamma secreting cells and show cytotoxicity against autologous, unmodified blasts. |
| 7351 | 19711075 | Although studied in a small number of heterogeneous patient samples, the data are encouraging and support the continuing development of vaccination for poor prognosis AML patients with autologous cells genetically modified to express IL-2/CD80. |
| 7352 | 19711075 | Lytic activity against primary AML cells is stimulated in vitro by an autologous whole cell vaccine expressing IL-2 and CD80. |
| 7353 | 19711075 | We have previously shown that in vitro stimulation of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with primary AML cells modified to express CD80 and IL-2 promotes proliferation, secretion of Th1 cytokines and expansion of activated CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7354 | 19711075 | In this study, we show that allogeneic effector cells (from a healthy donor or AML patients) when stimulated with IL-2/CD80 modified AML blasts were able to induce the lysis of unmodified AML blasts. |
| 7355 | 19711075 | Effector cells stimulated with IL-2/CD80AML blasts had higher lytic activity than cells stimulated with AML cells expressing CD80 or IL-2 alone. |
| 7356 | 19711075 | Similarly, AML patient PBMCs primed with autologous IL-2/CD80 AML cells had a higher frequency of IFN-gamma secreting cells and show cytotoxicity against autologous, unmodified blasts. |
| 7357 | 19711075 | Although studied in a small number of heterogeneous patient samples, the data are encouraging and support the continuing development of vaccination for poor prognosis AML patients with autologous cells genetically modified to express IL-2/CD80. |
| 7358 | 19711075 | Lytic activity against primary AML cells is stimulated in vitro by an autologous whole cell vaccine expressing IL-2 and CD80. |
| 7359 | 19711075 | We have previously shown that in vitro stimulation of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with primary AML cells modified to express CD80 and IL-2 promotes proliferation, secretion of Th1 cytokines and expansion of activated CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7360 | 19711075 | In this study, we show that allogeneic effector cells (from a healthy donor or AML patients) when stimulated with IL-2/CD80 modified AML blasts were able to induce the lysis of unmodified AML blasts. |
| 7361 | 19711075 | Effector cells stimulated with IL-2/CD80AML blasts had higher lytic activity than cells stimulated with AML cells expressing CD80 or IL-2 alone. |
| 7362 | 19711075 | Similarly, AML patient PBMCs primed with autologous IL-2/CD80 AML cells had a higher frequency of IFN-gamma secreting cells and show cytotoxicity against autologous, unmodified blasts. |
| 7363 | 19711075 | Although studied in a small number of heterogeneous patient samples, the data are encouraging and support the continuing development of vaccination for poor prognosis AML patients with autologous cells genetically modified to express IL-2/CD80. |
| 7364 | 19711075 | Lytic activity against primary AML cells is stimulated in vitro by an autologous whole cell vaccine expressing IL-2 and CD80. |
| 7365 | 19711075 | We have previously shown that in vitro stimulation of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with primary AML cells modified to express CD80 and IL-2 promotes proliferation, secretion of Th1 cytokines and expansion of activated CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7366 | 19711075 | In this study, we show that allogeneic effector cells (from a healthy donor or AML patients) when stimulated with IL-2/CD80 modified AML blasts were able to induce the lysis of unmodified AML blasts. |
| 7367 | 19711075 | Effector cells stimulated with IL-2/CD80AML blasts had higher lytic activity than cells stimulated with AML cells expressing CD80 or IL-2 alone. |
| 7368 | 19711075 | Similarly, AML patient PBMCs primed with autologous IL-2/CD80 AML cells had a higher frequency of IFN-gamma secreting cells and show cytotoxicity against autologous, unmodified blasts. |
| 7369 | 19711075 | Although studied in a small number of heterogeneous patient samples, the data are encouraging and support the continuing development of vaccination for poor prognosis AML patients with autologous cells genetically modified to express IL-2/CD80. |
| 7370 | 19720368 | The results showed that the group immunized with pVAX-MIC6 developed a high level of specific antibody responses against T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA), a strong lymphoproliferative response, and significant levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 production, compared with the other groups immunized with empty plasmid or phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. |
| 7371 | 19741603 | We compared the efficacy of an intranasal or intramuscular Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)+ interleukin (IL)-2+IL-15 DNA/SIV-MVA (modified vaccinia virus Ankara) vaccination in preventing disease progression in SIVmac251 intrarectally challenged rhesus macaques. |
| 7372 | 19741603 | Regardless of vaccination status, long-term viremia control and preservation of CD4(+) C(M) T cells was detected in animals with significantly higher systemic CD8(+)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha(+) and CD8(+)/interferon (IFN)-gamma(+) T-cell responses and higher SIV-specific CD4(+)/IL-2(+) responses in colorectal T cells. |
| 7373 | 19741603 | We compared the efficacy of an intranasal or intramuscular Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)+ interleukin (IL)-2+IL-15 DNA/SIV-MVA (modified vaccinia virus Ankara) vaccination in preventing disease progression in SIVmac251 intrarectally challenged rhesus macaques. |
| 7374 | 19741603 | Regardless of vaccination status, long-term viremia control and preservation of CD4(+) C(M) T cells was detected in animals with significantly higher systemic CD8(+)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha(+) and CD8(+)/interferon (IFN)-gamma(+) T-cell responses and higher SIV-specific CD4(+)/IL-2(+) responses in colorectal T cells. |
| 7375 | 19751176 | Immunization with rHBsAg ISCOMs resulted in upregulation of specific cellular (IFN-gamma and IL-2) as well as IgG response (IgG2a isotype biased) humoral response in Balb/c mice. |
| 7376 | 19752747 | A patient with metastatic melanoma who had progressive disease after prior surgical resections, high dose interleukin-2, and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody received sequential treatments with autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes that recognized the gp100 melanocyte differentiation antigen. |
| 7377 | 19768458 | Here, we report that a therapeutic whole cell vaccine formulated with IL-2 adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide as cytokine-depot formulation elicits potent antitumor immunity and induces delayed tumor growth, control of tumor dissemination and longer survival in mice challenged with A20-lymphoma. |
| 7378 | 19768458 | Therapeutic vaccination induced higher numbers of tumor's infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and NK cells), and the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by intratumoral CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7379 | 19768458 | Both the A20-derived antigenic material and the IL-2 depot formulation were required for induction of an effective immune response that impacted on cancer progression. |
| 7380 | 19768458 | All mice receiving any form of IL-2, either as part of the vaccine or alone as control, showed higher numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+/high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) in the tumor, which might have a role in tumor progression in these animals. |
| 7381 | 19768458 | Here, we report that a therapeutic whole cell vaccine formulated with IL-2 adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide as cytokine-depot formulation elicits potent antitumor immunity and induces delayed tumor growth, control of tumor dissemination and longer survival in mice challenged with A20-lymphoma. |
| 7382 | 19768458 | Therapeutic vaccination induced higher numbers of tumor's infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and NK cells), and the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by intratumoral CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7383 | 19768458 | Both the A20-derived antigenic material and the IL-2 depot formulation were required for induction of an effective immune response that impacted on cancer progression. |
| 7384 | 19768458 | All mice receiving any form of IL-2, either as part of the vaccine or alone as control, showed higher numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+/high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) in the tumor, which might have a role in tumor progression in these animals. |
| 7385 | 19768458 | Here, we report that a therapeutic whole cell vaccine formulated with IL-2 adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide as cytokine-depot formulation elicits potent antitumor immunity and induces delayed tumor growth, control of tumor dissemination and longer survival in mice challenged with A20-lymphoma. |
| 7386 | 19768458 | Therapeutic vaccination induced higher numbers of tumor's infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and NK cells), and the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by intratumoral CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7387 | 19768458 | Both the A20-derived antigenic material and the IL-2 depot formulation were required for induction of an effective immune response that impacted on cancer progression. |
| 7388 | 19768458 | All mice receiving any form of IL-2, either as part of the vaccine or alone as control, showed higher numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+/high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) in the tumor, which might have a role in tumor progression in these animals. |
| 7389 | 19769731 | The human cancer antigen mesothelin is more efficiently presented to the mouse immune system when targeted to the DEC-205/CD205 receptor on dendritic cells. |
| 7390 | 19769731 | To develop a tumor vaccine directly targeting tumor antigen to dendritic cells in situ, we engineered human mesothelin (MSLN) into an antibody specific for mouse DEC-205, a receptor for antigen presentation. |
| 7391 | 19769731 | We then characterized both T cell and humoral responses to human MSLN and compared immunizing efficacy of DEC-205-targeted MSLN to nontargeted protein after a single-dose immunization. |
| 7392 | 19769731 | Targeting human MSLN to DEC-205 receptor induced stronger CD4(+) T-cell responses compared to high doses of mesothelin protein. |
| 7393 | 19769731 | Approximately 0.5% CD4(+) T cells were primed to produce IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-2 via intracellular cytokine staining, and the T cells also could proliferate rapidly. |
| 7394 | 19769731 | Targeting MSLN protein to DEC-205 receptor also resulted in cross-presentation to CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7395 | 19769731 | In summary, targeting of MSLN to DEC-205 improves the induction of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell immunity accompanied by an antibody response. |
| 7396 | 19769731 | DEC-205-targeting could be valuable for enhancing immunity to MSLN in cancers where this nonmutated protein is expressed. |
| 7397 | 19788391 | Phase 1 trial of allogeneic gene-modified tumor cell vaccine RCC-26/CD80/IL-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. |
| 7398 | 19788391 | Preclinical studies showed that the allogeneic tumor cell line RCC-26 displayed natural immunogenic potential that was enhanced through expression of CD80 costimulatory molecules and secretion of interleukin-2. |
| 7399 | 19788391 | Here we report the study of RCC-26/CD80/IL-2 cells in a phase 1 vaccine trial of renal cell carcinoma patients with metastatic disease (mRCC). |
| 7400 | 19788391 | Phase 1 trial of allogeneic gene-modified tumor cell vaccine RCC-26/CD80/IL-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. |
| 7401 | 19788391 | Preclinical studies showed that the allogeneic tumor cell line RCC-26 displayed natural immunogenic potential that was enhanced through expression of CD80 costimulatory molecules and secretion of interleukin-2. |
| 7402 | 19788391 | Here we report the study of RCC-26/CD80/IL-2 cells in a phase 1 vaccine trial of renal cell carcinoma patients with metastatic disease (mRCC). |
| 7403 | 19788391 | Phase 1 trial of allogeneic gene-modified tumor cell vaccine RCC-26/CD80/IL-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. |
| 7404 | 19788391 | Preclinical studies showed that the allogeneic tumor cell line RCC-26 displayed natural immunogenic potential that was enhanced through expression of CD80 costimulatory molecules and secretion of interleukin-2. |
| 7405 | 19788391 | Here we report the study of RCC-26/CD80/IL-2 cells in a phase 1 vaccine trial of renal cell carcinoma patients with metastatic disease (mRCC). |
| 7406 | 19812258 | The levels of interleukin-2, gamma interferon, and the ratios of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a)/IgG1 clearly showed that cocktail DNA vaccines induced CD4(+) Th1-type responses. |
| 7407 | 19819209 | Significant associations were observed between SNPs in the TNFalpha, IL-12B, IL-4Ralpha, and IL-10 genes and vaccine-specific immune responses (p<0.05). |
| 7408 | 19819209 | In addition, SNPs in the IL-1beta, TNFalpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-4Ralpha, and IL-12B genes were associated with variations in serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and IgG isotypes (IgG1-IgG3) (p<0.05). |
| 7409 | 19837090 | Significant T cell responses specific for the vectored vaccine antigens were demonstrated by IFNgamma ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) for IFNgamma and IL-2, the ICS being associated with increased time to parasitaemia following subsequent challenge. |
| 7410 | 19845795 | The self-antigen, thyroglobulin, induces antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells from healthy donors to proliferate and promote production of the regulatory cytokine, interleukin-10, by monocytes. |
| 7411 | 19845795 | Whereas TT induced pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2)/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/IL-4/IL-5], TG evoked persistent release of the regulatory IL-10. |
| 7412 | 19845795 | Some donors, however, also responded with late IFN-gamma production, suggesting that the regulation by IL-10 could be overridden. |
| 7413 | 19845795 | Although monocytes were prime producers of IL-10 in the early TG response, a few IL-10-secreting CD4(+) T cells, primarily with CD45RO(+) memory phenotype, were also detected. |
| 7414 | 19858306 | Kinetic analysis showed that the MVA boost made the adenoviral-primed T cells markedly more polyfunctional, with the number of gamma interferon (INF-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) triple-positive and INF-gamma and TNF-alpha double-positive cells increasing over time, while INF-gamma single-positive cells declined with time. |
| 7415 | 19863224 | GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-8, IL-1b, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, MIP-1b, IP-10 and Eotaxin were analyzed in a multiplex assay with a Luminex 100 instrument. |
| 7416 | 19863224 | CEA and TIMP-1 were analysed on ELISA platforms. |
| 7417 | 19863224 | Patients achieving stable disease showed increasing levels of plasma GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-5. |
| 7418 | 19863224 | Patients with progressive disease showed significant increase in CEA and TIMP-1 levels, while patients with stable disease showed relatively unaltered levels. |
| 7419 | 19863224 | GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-8, IL-1b, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, MIP-1b, IP-10 and Eotaxin were analyzed in a multiplex assay with a Luminex 100 instrument. |
| 7420 | 19863224 | CEA and TIMP-1 were analysed on ELISA platforms. |
| 7421 | 19863224 | Patients achieving stable disease showed increasing levels of plasma GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-5. |
| 7422 | 19863224 | Patients with progressive disease showed significant increase in CEA and TIMP-1 levels, while patients with stable disease showed relatively unaltered levels. |
| 7423 | 19863514 | Intradermal injections of polyarginine-containing immunogenic antigens preferentially elicit Tc1 and Th1 activation and antitumour immunity. |
| 7424 | 19863514 | Background We previously have shown that nona-arginine protein transduction domain (R9-PTD) induced efficient protein-antigen (Ag) transduction of dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro, resulting in the efficient induction of strong Ag-specific immune responses mediated by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and in superior antitumour effects in vivo in cancer-bearing mice. |
| 7425 | 19863514 | The i.d. injections of rR9-OVA also induced inflammatory cell infiltrates containing neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, as well as production of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin-2 and IFN-inducible protein 10, with presenting SIINFEKL epitopes on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules at the injection area. i.t. injections of rR9-OVA into EG.7 tumour mass significantly suppressed tumour growth, and these effects were completely abrogated by the depletion of CD8+ T cells. |
| 7426 | 19877124 | Therapy-induced antitumor vaccination in neuroblastomas by the combined targeting of IL-2 and TNFalpha. |
| 7427 | 19877124 | L19-IL2 and L19TNFalpha are fusion proteins composed of L19(scFv), specific for the angiogenesis-associated ED-B containing fibronectin isoform and IL-2 or TNFalpha. |
| 7428 | 19877124 | Because of the tumor targeting properties of L19, IL-2 and TNFalpha concentrate at therapeutic doses at the tumor vascular level. |
| 7429 | 19877124 | A highly efficient priming of CD4(+) T helper cells and CD8(+) CTL effectors was generated, paralleled by massive infiltration in the tumor tissue of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells at day 16 after tumor cell implantation, when, after therapy, tumor volume was drastically reduced and tumor necrosis reached about 80%. |
| 7430 | 19877124 | Concluding, L19-IL2 and L19mTNFalpha efficiently cooperate in determining a high percentage of NB cure that, in our experimental models, is strongly associated to the generation of adaptive immunity involving CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7431 | 19877124 | Therapy-induced antitumor vaccination in neuroblastomas by the combined targeting of IL-2 and TNFalpha. |
| 7432 | 19877124 | L19-IL2 and L19TNFalpha are fusion proteins composed of L19(scFv), specific for the angiogenesis-associated ED-B containing fibronectin isoform and IL-2 or TNFalpha. |
| 7433 | 19877124 | Because of the tumor targeting properties of L19, IL-2 and TNFalpha concentrate at therapeutic doses at the tumor vascular level. |
| 7434 | 19877124 | A highly efficient priming of CD4(+) T helper cells and CD8(+) CTL effectors was generated, paralleled by massive infiltration in the tumor tissue of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells at day 16 after tumor cell implantation, when, after therapy, tumor volume was drastically reduced and tumor necrosis reached about 80%. |
| 7435 | 19877124 | Concluding, L19-IL2 and L19mTNFalpha efficiently cooperate in determining a high percentage of NB cure that, in our experimental models, is strongly associated to the generation of adaptive immunity involving CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7436 | 19877124 | Therapy-induced antitumor vaccination in neuroblastomas by the combined targeting of IL-2 and TNFalpha. |
| 7437 | 19877124 | L19-IL2 and L19TNFalpha are fusion proteins composed of L19(scFv), specific for the angiogenesis-associated ED-B containing fibronectin isoform and IL-2 or TNFalpha. |
| 7438 | 19877124 | Because of the tumor targeting properties of L19, IL-2 and TNFalpha concentrate at therapeutic doses at the tumor vascular level. |
| 7439 | 19877124 | A highly efficient priming of CD4(+) T helper cells and CD8(+) CTL effectors was generated, paralleled by massive infiltration in the tumor tissue of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells at day 16 after tumor cell implantation, when, after therapy, tumor volume was drastically reduced and tumor necrosis reached about 80%. |
| 7440 | 19877124 | Concluding, L19-IL2 and L19mTNFalpha efficiently cooperate in determining a high percentage of NB cure that, in our experimental models, is strongly associated to the generation of adaptive immunity involving CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7441 | 19880570 | In non-systemic lupus erythematosus populations, vaccines against oxidized low-density lipoprotein, beta-2-glycoprotein I, heat shock proteins, lipoproteins, cholesterol, molecules involved in cholesterol metabolism, and other molecules (CD99, vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor, and interleukin-2) have been tested, with promising results. |
| 7442 | 19895246 | In the past decade progress has been made, ranging from rather nonspecific stimulations of the immune system with IL-2 and IFN-alpha to more specific approaches based on vaccination with tumor antigens. |
| 7443 | 19901066 | Polyfunctional CD4 lymphocytes, defined as producing intracellular interleukin 2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha simultaneously, had a frequency of 137 per 400,000 events among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of immune donors compared to 11 per 400,000 PBMC from nonimmune donors (P = 0.03). |
| 7444 | 19901066 | When monocyte-derived mature dendritic cells pulsed with T27K (mDC(T27K)) were used for antigen presentation, the frequency of polyfunctional CD4 T lymphocytes did not significantly increase for either group, although mDC(T27K) did significantly increase the concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-gamma released by PBMC from nonimmune donors (P = 0.02). |
| 7445 | 19901066 | After in vitro stimulation with T27K, polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes of PBMC from immune donors had a mixture of low- and high-expression CCR7 cells, suggesting both effector and central memory, compared with predominantly high-expression CCR7 cells when PBMC were incubated with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (P = 0.03). |
| 7446 | 19901066 | Polyfunctional CD4 lymphocytes, defined as producing intracellular interleukin 2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha simultaneously, had a frequency of 137 per 400,000 events among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of immune donors compared to 11 per 400,000 PBMC from nonimmune donors (P = 0.03). |
| 7447 | 19901066 | When monocyte-derived mature dendritic cells pulsed with T27K (mDC(T27K)) were used for antigen presentation, the frequency of polyfunctional CD4 T lymphocytes did not significantly increase for either group, although mDC(T27K) did significantly increase the concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-gamma released by PBMC from nonimmune donors (P = 0.02). |
| 7448 | 19901066 | After in vitro stimulation with T27K, polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes of PBMC from immune donors had a mixture of low- and high-expression CCR7 cells, suggesting both effector and central memory, compared with predominantly high-expression CCR7 cells when PBMC were incubated with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (P = 0.03). |
| 7449 | 19902255 | Twenty-two significant associations (range of P values 0.002-0.048) were found between SNPs in the vitamin A receptor family (RARA, RARB, TOP2B and RARG), vitamin D receptor and downstream mediator of vitamin D signaling (RXRA) genes and rubella virus-specific (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF) cytokine immune responses. |
| 7450 | 19902255 | A TLR3 gene promoter region SNP (rs5743305, -8441A > T) was associated with rubella-specific GM-CSF secretion. |
| 7451 | 19902255 | Importantly, SNPs in the TRIM5 gene coding regions, rs3740996 (His43Tyr) and rs10838525 (Gln136Arg), were associated with an allele dose-related secretion of rubella virus-specific TNF-alpha and IL-2/GM-CSF, respectively, and have been previously shown to have functional consequences regarding the antiviral activity and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. |
| 7452 | 19902255 | We identified associations between individual SNPs and haplotypes in, or involving, the RIG-I (DDX58) gene and rubella-specific TNF-alpha secretion. |
| 7453 | 19902255 | Twenty-two significant associations (range of P values 0.002-0.048) were found between SNPs in the vitamin A receptor family (RARA, RARB, TOP2B and RARG), vitamin D receptor and downstream mediator of vitamin D signaling (RXRA) genes and rubella virus-specific (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF) cytokine immune responses. |
| 7454 | 19902255 | A TLR3 gene promoter region SNP (rs5743305, -8441A > T) was associated with rubella-specific GM-CSF secretion. |
| 7455 | 19902255 | Importantly, SNPs in the TRIM5 gene coding regions, rs3740996 (His43Tyr) and rs10838525 (Gln136Arg), were associated with an allele dose-related secretion of rubella virus-specific TNF-alpha and IL-2/GM-CSF, respectively, and have been previously shown to have functional consequences regarding the antiviral activity and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. |
| 7456 | 19902255 | We identified associations between individual SNPs and haplotypes in, or involving, the RIG-I (DDX58) gene and rubella-specific TNF-alpha secretion. |
| 7457 | 19923459 | Soluble B and T lymphocyte attenuator possesses antitumor effects and facilitates heat shock protein 70 vaccine-triggered antitumor immunity against a murine TC-1 cervical cancer model in vivo. |
| 7458 | 19923459 | B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA)-herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) signaling coinhibitory pathway is believed to impair antitumor immune competences. |
| 7459 | 19923459 | To address this issue, we constructed a eukaryotic expression plasmid (psBTLA) that expressed the extracellular domain of murine BTLA (soluble form of BTLA), which could bind HVEM, the ligand of BTLA, and block BTLA-HVEM interactions. |
| 7460 | 19923459 | The data in this study showed that treatment by injection of psBTLA resulted in down-regulation of IL-10 and TGF-beta and promotion of dendritic cell function by increasing the expression of B7-1 and IL-12, but the adaptive antitumor immune responses achieved by psBTLA administration alone were limited and could not eradicate the tumor effectively. |
| 7461 | 19923459 | Next, we evaluated the immunotherapeutic efficacy and mechanism of combination therapy of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) vaccine/psBTLA by using murine TC-1 cervical cancer mice as an ectopic tumor model. |
| 7462 | 19923459 | Our in vivo studies revealed that treatment with HSP70 vaccine alone did not lead to satisfactory tumor growth inhibition, whereas cotreatment with psBTLA significantly improved antitumor immunity and compensated the deficiency of HSP70 vaccine by increasing the expression of Th1 cytokines, IL-2, and IFN-gamma and decreasing transcription levels of IL-10, TGF-beta, and Foxp3 in the tumor microenvironment. |
| 7463 | 19933869 | This longitudinal analysis showed the following. 1) Memory CD8(+) T cells appear to pass through an effector phase and then gradually down-regulate expression of activation markers and effector molecules. 2) This effector phase was characterized by down-regulation of CD127, Bcl-2, CCR7, and CD45RA and was followed by a substantial contraction resulting in a pool of memory T cells that re-expressed CD127, Bcl-2, and CD45RA. 3) These memory cells were polyfunctional in terms of degranulation and production of the cytokines IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, and MIP-1beta. 4) The YF-17D-specific memory CD8(+) T cells had a phenotype (CCR7(-)CD45RA(+)) that is typically associated with terminally differentiated cells with limited proliferative capacity (T(EMRA)). |
| 7464 | 19950184 | IL-7 is superior to IL-2 for ex vivo expansion of tumour-specific CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7465 | 19950184 | While protocols suitable for the expansion of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells are currently available, data on tumour-specific CD4(+) T cells remain scarce. |
| 7466 | 19950184 | We report here that CD4(+) T cells sensitized to tumour-associated Ag in vivo, proliferate in vitro in response to IL-7 without the need for exogenous Ag stimulation and accumulate several folds while preserving a memory-like phenotype. |
| 7467 | 19950184 | Also IL-2, previously used to expand anti-tumour CTL, promotes tumour-specific CD4(+) T-cell accumulation. |
| 7468 | 19950184 | However, IL-7 is superior to IL-2 at preserving lymphocyte viability, in vitro and in vivo, maintaining those properties, that are required by helper CD4(+) T cells to confer therapeutic efficacy upon transplantation in tumour-bearing hosts. |
| 7469 | 19950184 | Together our data support a unique role for IL-7 in retrieving memory-like CD4(+) T cells suitable for adoptive T-cell therapy. |
| 7470 | 19950184 | IL-7 is superior to IL-2 for ex vivo expansion of tumour-specific CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7471 | 19950184 | While protocols suitable for the expansion of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells are currently available, data on tumour-specific CD4(+) T cells remain scarce. |
| 7472 | 19950184 | We report here that CD4(+) T cells sensitized to tumour-associated Ag in vivo, proliferate in vitro in response to IL-7 without the need for exogenous Ag stimulation and accumulate several folds while preserving a memory-like phenotype. |
| 7473 | 19950184 | Also IL-2, previously used to expand anti-tumour CTL, promotes tumour-specific CD4(+) T-cell accumulation. |
| 7474 | 19950184 | However, IL-7 is superior to IL-2 at preserving lymphocyte viability, in vitro and in vivo, maintaining those properties, that are required by helper CD4(+) T cells to confer therapeutic efficacy upon transplantation in tumour-bearing hosts. |
| 7475 | 19950184 | Together our data support a unique role for IL-7 in retrieving memory-like CD4(+) T cells suitable for adoptive T-cell therapy. |
| 7476 | 19950184 | IL-7 is superior to IL-2 for ex vivo expansion of tumour-specific CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7477 | 19950184 | While protocols suitable for the expansion of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells are currently available, data on tumour-specific CD4(+) T cells remain scarce. |
| 7478 | 19950184 | We report here that CD4(+) T cells sensitized to tumour-associated Ag in vivo, proliferate in vitro in response to IL-7 without the need for exogenous Ag stimulation and accumulate several folds while preserving a memory-like phenotype. |
| 7479 | 19950184 | Also IL-2, previously used to expand anti-tumour CTL, promotes tumour-specific CD4(+) T-cell accumulation. |
| 7480 | 19950184 | However, IL-7 is superior to IL-2 at preserving lymphocyte viability, in vitro and in vivo, maintaining those properties, that are required by helper CD4(+) T cells to confer therapeutic efficacy upon transplantation in tumour-bearing hosts. |
| 7481 | 19950184 | Together our data support a unique role for IL-7 in retrieving memory-like CD4(+) T cells suitable for adoptive T-cell therapy. |
| 7482 | 20002303 | The DC population was expanded in BALB/C mice (H-2(d) ) by hydrodynamic injection of a plasmid pUMVC3-hFLex expressing the secreted portion of the human Fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 ligand (hFlt3). |
| 7483 | 20002303 | Cellular immune responses were determined with respect to secretion of INFγ and IL2 by CD4(+) cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) assays in vitro; inhibition of tumour cell growth was employed for the assessment of CD8(+) generated activity in vivo. |
| 7484 | 20002303 | We found that Flt3L treatment expanded the DC population in the spleen to 43%, and such cells displayed a striking upregulation of CD86 as well as CD80 and CD40 co-stimulating molecules. |
| 7485 | 20006311 | ESAT-6 also inhibited T-cell production of IL-17 and TNF-a, but not IL-2. |
| 7486 | 20006311 | ESAT-6 reduced IFN-gamma mRNA levels by inhibiting the expression of the transcription factors, ATF-2, c-Jun and CREB, which upregulate IFN-gamma gene expression in T cells through binding to the IFN-gamma proximal promoter. |
| 7487 | 20017188 | Multiple CD4+ T-cell subsets, based on expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-17 and GM-CSF, were induced. |
| 7488 | 20017188 | Polyfunctional CD4+ T cells co-expressing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2 dominated the response in both age groups. |
| 7489 | 20017188 | A novel CD4+ cell subset co-expressing these three Th1 cytokines and IL-17 was induced in adolescents, while a novel CD4+ T-cell subset co-expressing Th1 cytokines and GM-CSF was induced in children. |
| 7490 | 20017188 | Multiple CD4+ T-cell subsets, based on expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-17 and GM-CSF, were induced. |
| 7491 | 20017188 | Polyfunctional CD4+ T cells co-expressing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2 dominated the response in both age groups. |
| 7492 | 20017188 | A novel CD4+ cell subset co-expressing these three Th1 cytokines and IL-17 was induced in adolescents, while a novel CD4+ T-cell subset co-expressing Th1 cytokines and GM-CSF was induced in children. |
| 7493 | 20029165 | CD45RO+/KLRG1+/CD57+/CD28-), enhanced IL-2 production and T-lymphocyte expression of the IL-2 receptor, longer chromosome telomere lengths in blood leukocytes and in vivo immune responses to vaccines and recall antigens. |
| 7494 | 20038483 | IL-7 protects both B and T lymphocytes, but IL-2, IL-10, keratinocyte growth factor, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, as well as leptin and growth hormone also have a stimulatory effect on thymopoiesis. |
| 7495 | 20039320 | Transient depletion of CD4(+) T cells augments IL-21-based immunotherapy of disseminated neuroblastoma in syngeneic mice. |
| 7496 | 20039320 | IL-21 is a member of the IL-2 cytokine family, produced by CD4+ T cells. |
| 7497 | 20039320 | Anti-CD25 mAb, indeed, only partially depleted CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells, whereas anti-CD4 mAb was more effective in this respect, leading to 90% depletion of Treg cells. |
| 7498 | 20039320 | Spleen cells from mice receiving Neuro2a/IL-21 vaccination showed increased expression of IFN-alpha2, -beta1 and -gamma mRNA. |
| 7499 | 20039320 | Moreover, mice receiving vaccine therapy alone or vaccine+anti-CD4 mAb showed increased IFN-gamma serum levels and IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells were found in spleen cells. |
| 7500 | 20039320 | In conclusion, anti-CD4 mAb potentiated IL-21-based IT by removing Treg cells and/or their precursors and other potentially immune-suppressive CD4+ cell subsets, thus allowing the development of an IL-21-driven CD8+ T cell response, which mediates NB rejection. |
| 7501 | 20056331 | Changes in the levels of rabbit interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) mRNA were determined. |
| 7502 | 20056331 | All cytokine mRNAs were found at detectable levels; however, the levels of IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-2 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the vaccinated group compared to the non-vaccinated group. |
| 7503 | 20056331 | Changes in the levels of rabbit interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) mRNA were determined. |
| 7504 | 20056331 | All cytokine mRNAs were found at detectable levels; however, the levels of IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-2 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the vaccinated group compared to the non-vaccinated group. |
| 7505 | 20072155 | Selective elimination of a chemoresistant side population of B-CLL cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in subjects receiving an autologous hCD40L/IL-2 tumor vaccine. |
| 7506 | 20072155 | To discover whether drug-resistant malignant SP cells are nonetheless sensitive to immune-mediated killing, we first established the presence of a malignant CD5(+)CD19(+) SP subset in the blood of 18/21 subjects with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). |
| 7507 | 20072155 | We examined the fate of these cells in six of these individuals who received autologous human CD40 ligand and interleukin-2 (hCD40L/IL-2) gene-modified tumor cells as part of a tumor vaccine study. |
| 7508 | 20072155 | Vaccinated patients showed an increase in B-CLL-reactive T cells followed by a corresponding decline in circulating CD5(+)CD19(+) SP cells. |
| 7509 | 20072155 | Elimination of SP cells is likely triggered by their increased expression of target antigens, such as receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM), after stimulation of the malignant cells by hCD40L, as CD8(+) RHAMM-specific T cells could be detected in the peripheral blood of immunized patients and were associated with the decline in B-CLL SP cells. |
| 7510 | 20072155 | Selective elimination of a chemoresistant side population of B-CLL cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in subjects receiving an autologous hCD40L/IL-2 tumor vaccine. |
| 7511 | 20072155 | To discover whether drug-resistant malignant SP cells are nonetheless sensitive to immune-mediated killing, we first established the presence of a malignant CD5(+)CD19(+) SP subset in the blood of 18/21 subjects with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). |
| 7512 | 20072155 | We examined the fate of these cells in six of these individuals who received autologous human CD40 ligand and interleukin-2 (hCD40L/IL-2) gene-modified tumor cells as part of a tumor vaccine study. |
| 7513 | 20072155 | Vaccinated patients showed an increase in B-CLL-reactive T cells followed by a corresponding decline in circulating CD5(+)CD19(+) SP cells. |
| 7514 | 20072155 | Elimination of SP cells is likely triggered by their increased expression of target antigens, such as receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM), after stimulation of the malignant cells by hCD40L, as CD8(+) RHAMM-specific T cells could be detected in the peripheral blood of immunized patients and were associated with the decline in B-CLL SP cells. |
| 7515 | 20079393 | We identified 23 significant associations (p < 0.05) between polymorphisms within the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) gene cluster, and rubella virus-specific IL-2, IL-10, IL-6 secretion, and antibody levels. |
| 7516 | 20079393 | The minor allele variants of three OAS1 SNPs (rs3741981/Ser162Gly, rs1051042/Thr361Arg, rs2660), located in a linkage disequilibrium block of functional importance, were significantly associated with an increase in rubella virus-specific IL-2/T(h)1 response (p <or = 0.024). |
| 7517 | 20079393 | Seven OAS1 and OAS3 promoter/regulatory SNPs were similarly associated with IL-2 secretion. |
| 7518 | 20079393 | We identified 23 significant associations (p < 0.05) between polymorphisms within the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) gene cluster, and rubella virus-specific IL-2, IL-10, IL-6 secretion, and antibody levels. |
| 7519 | 20079393 | The minor allele variants of three OAS1 SNPs (rs3741981/Ser162Gly, rs1051042/Thr361Arg, rs2660), located in a linkage disequilibrium block of functional importance, were significantly associated with an increase in rubella virus-specific IL-2/T(h)1 response (p <or = 0.024). |
| 7520 | 20079393 | Seven OAS1 and OAS3 promoter/regulatory SNPs were similarly associated with IL-2 secretion. |
| 7521 | 20079393 | We identified 23 significant associations (p < 0.05) between polymorphisms within the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) gene cluster, and rubella virus-specific IL-2, IL-10, IL-6 secretion, and antibody levels. |
| 7522 | 20079393 | The minor allele variants of three OAS1 SNPs (rs3741981/Ser162Gly, rs1051042/Thr361Arg, rs2660), located in a linkage disequilibrium block of functional importance, were significantly associated with an increase in rubella virus-specific IL-2/T(h)1 response (p <or = 0.024). |
| 7523 | 20079393 | Seven OAS1 and OAS3 promoter/regulatory SNPs were similarly associated with IL-2 secretion. |
| 7524 | 20080728 | Undetectable levels of interferon-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 in cultures of peptide-challenged splenocytes from immunized mice suggested that the antibody responses did not involve significant T cell help. |
| 7525 | 20087984 | Moreover, 1 significantly promoted the production of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines from splenocytes in the HBsAg-immunized mice (P<0.001). |
| 7526 | 20092022 | A virosomal formulated Her-2/neu multi-peptide vaccine induces Her-2/neu-specific immune responses in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a phase I study. |
| 7527 | 20092022 | We have previously shown in mice that vaccination with three Her-2-peptides representing B-cell epitopes of the extracellular domain of Her-2/neu induces Her-2/neu-specific IgG antibodies with strong anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. |
| 7528 | 20092022 | Cellular immune responses, as measured by in vitro production of IL-2, IFN-c, and TNF-a of PBMCs showed a marked increase after vaccination in the majority of vaccinees. |
| 7529 | 20092022 | Notably, the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T regulatory cells, which were significantly increased compared to healthy controls prior to vaccination, was markedly reduced following vaccination. |
| 7530 | 20093205 | A significant decrease in parasite burden was seen in vaccinees over the infected controls on all post challenge days and was found that maximum protection was provided by 78kDa+rIL-12 vaccine and it was highly immunogenic as depicted by the reduction in parasite load (71-94.8%), reduction in infection rate of peritoneal macrophages (92.9-98%), enhanced DTH response (6.5-10.5 fold), increase in IgG2a anti-leishmanial antibody production (3-3.7 fold) and up-regulation of IFN-gamma (3.7-6.5 fold) and IL-2 levels (7.7-12.3 fold), which demonstrate the generation of protective Th1 type of immune response. |
| 7531 | 20096608 | CD25, the high-affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor alpha chain, is rapidly upregulated by antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells after T cell receptor stimulation. |
| 7532 | 20096608 | At this time when there is distinct heterogeneity in CD25 expression, examination of the in vivo fate of effector cells revealed that CD25(lo) cells, which are relatively less sensitive to IL-2, preferentially upregulate CD127 and CD62L and give rise to functional long-lived memory cells. |
| 7533 | 20096608 | In contrast, CD25(hi) cells perceiving prolonged IL-2 signals proliferate more rapidly, are prone to apoptosis, exhibit a more pronounced effector phenotype, and appear to be terminally differentiated. |
| 7534 | 20096608 | CD25, the high-affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor alpha chain, is rapidly upregulated by antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells after T cell receptor stimulation. |
| 7535 | 20096608 | At this time when there is distinct heterogeneity in CD25 expression, examination of the in vivo fate of effector cells revealed that CD25(lo) cells, which are relatively less sensitive to IL-2, preferentially upregulate CD127 and CD62L and give rise to functional long-lived memory cells. |
| 7536 | 20096608 | In contrast, CD25(hi) cells perceiving prolonged IL-2 signals proliferate more rapidly, are prone to apoptosis, exhibit a more pronounced effector phenotype, and appear to be terminally differentiated. |
| 7537 | 20096608 | CD25, the high-affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor alpha chain, is rapidly upregulated by antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells after T cell receptor stimulation. |
| 7538 | 20096608 | At this time when there is distinct heterogeneity in CD25 expression, examination of the in vivo fate of effector cells revealed that CD25(lo) cells, which are relatively less sensitive to IL-2, preferentially upregulate CD127 and CD62L and give rise to functional long-lived memory cells. |
| 7539 | 20096608 | In contrast, CD25(hi) cells perceiving prolonged IL-2 signals proliferate more rapidly, are prone to apoptosis, exhibit a more pronounced effector phenotype, and appear to be terminally differentiated. |
| 7540 | 20099135 | The activity of several potent adjuvants, including incomplete Freund's adjuvant, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, and alum, has been shown to be due at least in part to the induction of cytokines, including type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-gamma, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-12, that play key roles in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. |
| 7541 | 20099135 | Although a number of cytokines including IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21, GM-CSF, and Flt-3 ligand have been shown to potentiate the immune response to vaccination in various experimental models, the full potential of cytokines as vaccine adjuvants remains to be established. |
| 7542 | 20099135 | The activity of several potent adjuvants, including incomplete Freund's adjuvant, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, and alum, has been shown to be due at least in part to the induction of cytokines, including type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-gamma, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-12, that play key roles in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. |
| 7543 | 20099135 | Although a number of cytokines including IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21, GM-CSF, and Flt-3 ligand have been shown to potentiate the immune response to vaccination in various experimental models, the full potential of cytokines as vaccine adjuvants remains to be established. |
| 7544 | 20100932 | Transient CD86 expression on hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells in acute infection is linked to sufficient IL-2 signaling. |
| 7545 | 20100932 | Costimulatory signals via B7/CD28 family molecules (signal 2) are critical for effective adaptive CD8(+) T cell immune responses. |
| 7546 | 20100932 | In acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, programmed death receptor 1, an inhibitory receptor in the CD28 family, is highly expressed on virus-specific CD8(+) T cells, yet vigorous immune responses often develop. |
| 7547 | 20100932 | In this study, we found that CD86 was highly expressed on HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells early in acute HCV infection and was lost on transition to chronic HCV infection; the expression of CD86 was different from other activation markers, because expression was delayed after in vitro TCR stimulation and required sufficient IL-2 signaling; and HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells in the liver of patients with chronic HCV infection were highly activated (CD69, CD38, and HLA-DR expression), but only a minority expressed CD86 or showed evidence of recent IL-2 signaling (low basal phosphorylated STAT5), despite persistent viremia. |
| 7548 | 20100932 | Our study identified B7 ligand expression on HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells as a distinct marker of effective T cell stimulation with IL-2 signaling in acute HCV infection. |
| 7549 | 20100932 | Transient CD86 expression on hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells in acute infection is linked to sufficient IL-2 signaling. |
| 7550 | 20100932 | Costimulatory signals via B7/CD28 family molecules (signal 2) are critical for effective adaptive CD8(+) T cell immune responses. |
| 7551 | 20100932 | In acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, programmed death receptor 1, an inhibitory receptor in the CD28 family, is highly expressed on virus-specific CD8(+) T cells, yet vigorous immune responses often develop. |
| 7552 | 20100932 | In this study, we found that CD86 was highly expressed on HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells early in acute HCV infection and was lost on transition to chronic HCV infection; the expression of CD86 was different from other activation markers, because expression was delayed after in vitro TCR stimulation and required sufficient IL-2 signaling; and HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells in the liver of patients with chronic HCV infection were highly activated (CD69, CD38, and HLA-DR expression), but only a minority expressed CD86 or showed evidence of recent IL-2 signaling (low basal phosphorylated STAT5), despite persistent viremia. |
| 7553 | 20100932 | Our study identified B7 ligand expression on HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells as a distinct marker of effective T cell stimulation with IL-2 signaling in acute HCV infection. |
| 7554 | 20100932 | Transient CD86 expression on hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells in acute infection is linked to sufficient IL-2 signaling. |
| 7555 | 20100932 | Costimulatory signals via B7/CD28 family molecules (signal 2) are critical for effective adaptive CD8(+) T cell immune responses. |
| 7556 | 20100932 | In acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, programmed death receptor 1, an inhibitory receptor in the CD28 family, is highly expressed on virus-specific CD8(+) T cells, yet vigorous immune responses often develop. |
| 7557 | 20100932 | In this study, we found that CD86 was highly expressed on HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells early in acute HCV infection and was lost on transition to chronic HCV infection; the expression of CD86 was different from other activation markers, because expression was delayed after in vitro TCR stimulation and required sufficient IL-2 signaling; and HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells in the liver of patients with chronic HCV infection were highly activated (CD69, CD38, and HLA-DR expression), but only a minority expressed CD86 or showed evidence of recent IL-2 signaling (low basal phosphorylated STAT5), despite persistent viremia. |
| 7558 | 20100932 | Our study identified B7 ligand expression on HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells as a distinct marker of effective T cell stimulation with IL-2 signaling in acute HCV infection. |
| 7559 | 20104490 | T cells activated in vitro displayed functional receptors for IL-2 and IL-7, suggesting these as potential mediators. |
| 7560 | 20117268 | BTV-1 vaccination induced significant cell-mediated immunity (CMI) as determined by lymphoproliferative responses, and increased CD8 T cell, IL-2 and IFN-gamma responses. |
| 7561 | 20117268 | Both naïve and immunized sheep also showed increased CD4 T cell, IL-12 and IFN-alpha responses. |
| 7562 | 20117947 | The results showed a robust rubella-specific inflammatory cytokine response characterized by high median [inter-quartile range (IQR)] secretion levels (in pg/mL) of IL-6 [3681.0 (3160.0, 4052.0)], GM-CSF [28.0 (23.6, 32.6)], and TNF-alpha [29.7 (-7.0, 89.2)]. |
| 7563 | 20117947 | We also detected modest levels of rubella-specific secretion of Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma, while IL-12p40 was undetectable. |
| 7564 | 20117947 | Age at vaccination, enrollment, and time elapsed between last vaccination and enrollment was significantly associated with the outcome of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 7565 | 20117947 | The results showed a robust rubella-specific inflammatory cytokine response characterized by high median [inter-quartile range (IQR)] secretion levels (in pg/mL) of IL-6 [3681.0 (3160.0, 4052.0)], GM-CSF [28.0 (23.6, 32.6)], and TNF-alpha [29.7 (-7.0, 89.2)]. |
| 7566 | 20117947 | We also detected modest levels of rubella-specific secretion of Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma, while IL-12p40 was undetectable. |
| 7567 | 20117947 | Age at vaccination, enrollment, and time elapsed between last vaccination and enrollment was significantly associated with the outcome of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 7568 | 20121402 | In comparison to concordant patients, discordant patients showed poor lymphocyte proliferation, lower secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, a lower percentage of perforin and granzyme-B-producing CD8 T cells, and poor differentiation of effector memory CD8 T(EM) cells into CD8 T(EMRA) cells in in-vitro stimulation assays, especially against HIV-1 Gag p24 and one of its peptide pools. |
| 7569 | 20121402 | Our results suggest that prolonged suppression of plasma viremia alone does not warrant good qualitative and quantitative CD8 T-cell responses to HIV-1, implying that CD4 T cells are required for maintenance of protective CD8 T-cell responses. |
| 7570 | 20130127 | The cytokines studied included interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 7571 | 20130127 | The VOC group was notable for remarkably elevated levels of IL-4, among the three cytokines tested, compared with those for the SCD and NHC groups. |
| 7572 | 20130127 | Patients with VOC also differed from stable SCD patients and NHC by having notably lower IL-10 levels, as well as the lowest ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+) T cells (0.7). |
| 7573 | 20130127 | The patterns of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-2 did not differ between VOC and stable SCD patients, but NHC had significantly lower IL-2 levels than both the VOC and SCD groups. |
| 7574 | 20130127 | The cytokines studied included interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 7575 | 20130127 | The VOC group was notable for remarkably elevated levels of IL-4, among the three cytokines tested, compared with those for the SCD and NHC groups. |
| 7576 | 20130127 | Patients with VOC also differed from stable SCD patients and NHC by having notably lower IL-10 levels, as well as the lowest ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+) T cells (0.7). |
| 7577 | 20130127 | The patterns of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-2 did not differ between VOC and stable SCD patients, but NHC had significantly lower IL-2 levels than both the VOC and SCD groups. |
| 7578 | 20130130 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donor women were stimulated in vitro with HPV-16 VLPs (2.5 microg/ml) in the presence of E2 and P4 administered either alone or in combination; and lymphoproliferation, cytokine production, transcription factor expression, and steroid hormone receptor expression were analyzed. |
| 7579 | 20130130 | HPV-16 VLPs significantly increased the levels of lymphoproliferation, proinflammatory cytokine (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) production, anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1ra, IL-10) production, and the expression of Eralpha and Erbeta but decreased the levels of Foxp3 expression and production of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). |
| 7580 | 20130130 | Exposure of PBMCs to E2 and P4 either alone or in combination significantly decreased the levels of lymphoproliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-12p70, TNF-alpha) but increased the levels of production of IL-10 and TGF-beta and the expression of Foxp3 in response to HPV-16 VLPs. |
| 7581 | 20132920 | The antigen-specific T cell immune response elicited both Th1 and Th2 cytokines including high titers of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4, and drove a Th1 isotype-switched antibody response. |
| 7582 | 20132954 | Co-injection of pVAX/mIL-18 significantly increased the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 7583 | 20153353 | The mRNA expression levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-12 (IL-12) were determined using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay. |
| 7584 | 20153353 | The rPLF administration significantly increased chicken intestinal villous lengths and also enhanced the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-12 in chicken T lymphocytes. |
| 7585 | 20159051 | Four weeks later, the ConA-, LPS-, and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation, OVA-specific antibodies levels (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) in serum, IL-2, and TNF-alpha were significantly enhanced by PCS at a high dose compared to that induced by Quil A. |
| 7586 | 20174562 | Tetramer analysis further showed that up to 16.8% of all circulating CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells were specific for the single HLA-B*3501-restricted epitope Gn(465-473) years after the acute infection. |
| 7587 | 20174562 | Remarkably, Gn(465-473)-specific cells readily secreted IFN-gamma, granzyme B and TNF-alpha but not IL-2 upon stimulation and showed a 'revertant' CD45RA(+)CD27(-)CD28(-)CCR7(-)CD127(-) effector memory phenotype, thereby resembling a phenotype seen in other latent virus infections. |
| 7588 | 20177910 | Levels of IgG antibody, gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4, and interleukin-10 were detected. |
| 7589 | 20177910 | The high level of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IgG antibody indicated that mice vaccinated with recombinant pVAX-MIC8 plasmid could elicit strong cellular and humoral immune responses and showed a significantly increased survival time (10.3 +/- 0.9 days) compared with control mice which died within 5 days of challenge infection. |
| 7590 | 20177910 | Levels of IgG antibody, gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4, and interleukin-10 were detected. |
| 7591 | 20177910 | The high level of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IgG antibody indicated that mice vaccinated with recombinant pVAX-MIC8 plasmid could elicit strong cellular and humoral immune responses and showed a significantly increased survival time (10.3 +/- 0.9 days) compared with control mice which died within 5 days of challenge infection. |
| 7592 | 20178101 | We have recently proposed that the progression or regression of a tumor lesion in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy could be predetermined by the molecular mechanism responsible for the MHC Class I alteration and not by the type of immunotherapy used, i.e., interleukin-2 (IL-2), Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin (BCG), interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), peptides alone, dendritic cells loaded with peptides, protein-bound polysaccharide etc. |
| 7593 | 20195541 | Individual, yet overlapping peptides, 15 amino acids in length revealed residues 199 to 246 of PspA (PspA(199-246)) consistently caused the greatest IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-5 and proliferation as well as moderate IL-10 and IL-4 responses by ex vivo stimulated splenic and CLN CD4(+) T cells isolated from S. pneumonia strain EF3030-challeged F(1) (B6xBALB/c) mice. |
| 7594 | 20219874 | Following short-term stimulation with C. pneumoniae, both gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)- and interleukin-2 (IL-2)-producing CD4(+) T-cell responses could be detected in 16 of 56 healthy individuals. |
| 7595 | 20219874 | C. pneumoniae-activated CD4(+) T cells expressed CD154, a marker for T-cell receptor-dependent activation, and displayed a phenotype of central memory T cells showing dominant IL-2 production but also IFN-gamma production. |
| 7596 | 20219874 | Interestingly, individuals with both IFN-gamma- and IL-2-producing responses showed significantly decreased immunoglobulin G reactivity toward C. pneumoniae RpoA and DnaK, antigens known to be strongly upregulated during chlamydial persistence, compared to IgG reactivity of seropositive individuals with no T-cell response or CD4(+) T-cell responses involving the production of a single cytokine (IFN-gamma or IL-2). |
| 7597 | 20219874 | Furthermore, among seropositive individuals, the presence or the absence of dual IFN-gamma- and IL-2-producing T-cell responses was associated with distinct patterns of antibody responses toward persistence-associated C. pneumoniae antigens. |
| 7598 | 20219874 | Following short-term stimulation with C. pneumoniae, both gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)- and interleukin-2 (IL-2)-producing CD4(+) T-cell responses could be detected in 16 of 56 healthy individuals. |
| 7599 | 20219874 | C. pneumoniae-activated CD4(+) T cells expressed CD154, a marker for T-cell receptor-dependent activation, and displayed a phenotype of central memory T cells showing dominant IL-2 production but also IFN-gamma production. |
| 7600 | 20219874 | Interestingly, individuals with both IFN-gamma- and IL-2-producing responses showed significantly decreased immunoglobulin G reactivity toward C. pneumoniae RpoA and DnaK, antigens known to be strongly upregulated during chlamydial persistence, compared to IgG reactivity of seropositive individuals with no T-cell response or CD4(+) T-cell responses involving the production of a single cytokine (IFN-gamma or IL-2). |
| 7601 | 20219874 | Furthermore, among seropositive individuals, the presence or the absence of dual IFN-gamma- and IL-2-producing T-cell responses was associated with distinct patterns of antibody responses toward persistence-associated C. pneumoniae antigens. |
| 7602 | 20219874 | Following short-term stimulation with C. pneumoniae, both gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)- and interleukin-2 (IL-2)-producing CD4(+) T-cell responses could be detected in 16 of 56 healthy individuals. |
| 7603 | 20219874 | C. pneumoniae-activated CD4(+) T cells expressed CD154, a marker for T-cell receptor-dependent activation, and displayed a phenotype of central memory T cells showing dominant IL-2 production but also IFN-gamma production. |
| 7604 | 20219874 | Interestingly, individuals with both IFN-gamma- and IL-2-producing responses showed significantly decreased immunoglobulin G reactivity toward C. pneumoniae RpoA and DnaK, antigens known to be strongly upregulated during chlamydial persistence, compared to IgG reactivity of seropositive individuals with no T-cell response or CD4(+) T-cell responses involving the production of a single cytokine (IFN-gamma or IL-2). |
| 7605 | 20219874 | Furthermore, among seropositive individuals, the presence or the absence of dual IFN-gamma- and IL-2-producing T-cell responses was associated with distinct patterns of antibody responses toward persistence-associated C. pneumoniae antigens. |
| 7606 | 20219874 | Following short-term stimulation with C. pneumoniae, both gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)- and interleukin-2 (IL-2)-producing CD4(+) T-cell responses could be detected in 16 of 56 healthy individuals. |
| 7607 | 20219874 | C. pneumoniae-activated CD4(+) T cells expressed CD154, a marker for T-cell receptor-dependent activation, and displayed a phenotype of central memory T cells showing dominant IL-2 production but also IFN-gamma production. |
| 7608 | 20219874 | Interestingly, individuals with both IFN-gamma- and IL-2-producing responses showed significantly decreased immunoglobulin G reactivity toward C. pneumoniae RpoA and DnaK, antigens known to be strongly upregulated during chlamydial persistence, compared to IgG reactivity of seropositive individuals with no T-cell response or CD4(+) T-cell responses involving the production of a single cytokine (IFN-gamma or IL-2). |
| 7609 | 20219874 | Furthermore, among seropositive individuals, the presence or the absence of dual IFN-gamma- and IL-2-producing T-cell responses was associated with distinct patterns of antibody responses toward persistence-associated C. pneumoniae antigens. |
| 7610 | 20219877 | Furthermore, the immunization of mice with gamma-PGA NPs carrying ovalbumin (OVA) as an antigen significantly induced antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells and antigen-specific production of interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and gamma interferon from the cells. |
| 7611 | 20224419 | Whole Peripheral blood mononuclear cells or CD8(+) cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells from previously tetanus toxoid (TT)-immunized individuals were activated with TT plus IL-2, and cell proliferation, cytokine production, and in vitro HIV-1 replication were measured. |
| 7612 | 20224419 | Although the IL-1beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production were higher in cultures from aged HIV-1-infected patients, a dramatic damage on the interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) release was observed, when compared with younger patients. |
| 7613 | 20224419 | CD8(+) T lymphocytes depletion reduced IL-1beta and TNF-alpha release in the older groups, however, it did not significantly alter their IFN-gamma production. |
| 7614 | 20224419 | Furthermore, the neutralization of endogenous IL-10 did not change the IFN-gamma deficiency in older AIDS patients. |
| 7615 | 20309907 | In the CD8(+) compartment, the release of IFN and IFN-inducers leads to the production of IL-15, which mediates the proliferation of CD8(+) T cells, notably memory-phenotype CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7616 | 20309907 | A study in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology sheds light on this aspect, suggesting that common gamma-chain cytokines including IL-2 might be involved in bystander activation of CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7617 | 20336365 | Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) p53-specific T cells secreted IFN-γ after stimulation with p53-transfected DCs. |
| 7618 | 20336365 | Furthermore, significantly higher secretion of IL-2 was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with p53-transfected DCs from patients with p53(high) tumor expression compared to patients with p53(low) tumor expression, whereas secretion of IL-10 was predominant in the latter group. |
| 7619 | 20347492 | This report describes the cloning and characterization of expressed gene sequences of the swine and bovine interferon-gamma inducible chemokine CXCL11, or I-TAC, associated with type 1 T-helper immune responses, and affirmation of bioactivity of their yeast-expressed protein products. |
| 7620 | 20347492 | Both swine and bovine CXCL11 were chemotactic for mitogen and IL-2 stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 7621 | 20357059 | In this study, we assessed the immunizing activity of a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) construct (MVA/IL-15/5Mtb) which overexpresses five Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens (antigen 85A, antigen 85B, ESAT6, HSP60, and Mtb39), as well as the molecular adjuvant interleukin-15 (IL-15). |
| 7622 | 20357059 | At 16 months, when the Mycobacterium bovis BCG and MVA/IL-15/5Mtb vaccine-induced protection was essentially equivalent, the protective responses after a tuberculous challenge were associated with elevated levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-17F, Cxcl9, and Cxcl10. |
| 7623 | 20357059 | Long-term memory after immunization with the E6-85-MVA/IL-15/5Mtb combination regimen was associated with the induction of monofunctional CD4 and CD8 IFN-gamma-producing T cells and multifunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing IFN-gamma/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-alpha/IL-2, and IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha/IL-2. |
| 7624 | 20357059 | In contrast, BCG-induced protection was characterized by fewer CD4 and CD8 monofunctional T cells expressing IFN-gamma and only IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha/IL-2 expressing multifunctional T (MFT) cells. |
| 7625 | 20357059 | In this study, we assessed the immunizing activity of a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) construct (MVA/IL-15/5Mtb) which overexpresses five Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens (antigen 85A, antigen 85B, ESAT6, HSP60, and Mtb39), as well as the molecular adjuvant interleukin-15 (IL-15). |
| 7626 | 20357059 | At 16 months, when the Mycobacterium bovis BCG and MVA/IL-15/5Mtb vaccine-induced protection was essentially equivalent, the protective responses after a tuberculous challenge were associated with elevated levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-17F, Cxcl9, and Cxcl10. |
| 7627 | 20357059 | Long-term memory after immunization with the E6-85-MVA/IL-15/5Mtb combination regimen was associated with the induction of monofunctional CD4 and CD8 IFN-gamma-producing T cells and multifunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing IFN-gamma/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-alpha/IL-2, and IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha/IL-2. |
| 7628 | 20357059 | In contrast, BCG-induced protection was characterized by fewer CD4 and CD8 monofunctional T cells expressing IFN-gamma and only IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha/IL-2 expressing multifunctional T (MFT) cells. |
| 7629 | 20362206 | Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived DRB1*0101-restricted CD4 T-cell epitopes help in the development of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo. |
| 7630 | 20362206 | The preS2 epitope favored a well-balanced response with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-gamma, IL-2 and TNF-alpha. |
| 7631 | 20382274 | Spleen cells from G22-I50-immunized mice gave a significant proliferative response and higher expression level of IFN-gamma and IL-2.These results suggested that bispecific anti-Id antibody vaccine was able to induce more powerful humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which might make it to be a potential vaccine candidate for the therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. |
| 7632 | 20386085 | Immature DCs were mature with NK cells in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, which is TLR4 agonist, and further addition of IL-2 induced phenotypically and functionally mature bone marrow-derived DCs. |
| 7633 | 20386464 | Increase of circulating CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma during treatment with dendritic cell vaccination and low-dose interleukin-2. |
| 7634 | 20386464 | In this study, we analyzed the impact of administration of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in combination with low-dose interleukin (IL)-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma on the frequency of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood. |
| 7635 | 20386464 | Also, in vitro studies showed that coculture of mature DCs, autologous T cells and IL-2 leads to an increase in the number of Treg cells whereas IL-21 does not stimulate the induction of Treg cells. |
| 7636 | 20386464 | These findings demonstrate that even low doses of IL-2 in combination with DC vaccination are able to expand CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in vivo in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. |
| 7637 | 20386464 | Increase of circulating CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma during treatment with dendritic cell vaccination and low-dose interleukin-2. |
| 7638 | 20386464 | In this study, we analyzed the impact of administration of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in combination with low-dose interleukin (IL)-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma on the frequency of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood. |
| 7639 | 20386464 | Also, in vitro studies showed that coculture of mature DCs, autologous T cells and IL-2 leads to an increase in the number of Treg cells whereas IL-21 does not stimulate the induction of Treg cells. |
| 7640 | 20386464 | These findings demonstrate that even low doses of IL-2 in combination with DC vaccination are able to expand CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in vivo in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. |
| 7641 | 20386464 | Increase of circulating CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma during treatment with dendritic cell vaccination and low-dose interleukin-2. |
| 7642 | 20386464 | In this study, we analyzed the impact of administration of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in combination with low-dose interleukin (IL)-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma on the frequency of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood. |
| 7643 | 20386464 | Also, in vitro studies showed that coculture of mature DCs, autologous T cells and IL-2 leads to an increase in the number of Treg cells whereas IL-21 does not stimulate the induction of Treg cells. |
| 7644 | 20386464 | These findings demonstrate that even low doses of IL-2 in combination with DC vaccination are able to expand CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in vivo in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. |
| 7645 | 20386464 | Increase of circulating CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma during treatment with dendritic cell vaccination and low-dose interleukin-2. |
| 7646 | 20386464 | In this study, we analyzed the impact of administration of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in combination with low-dose interleukin (IL)-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma on the frequency of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood. |
| 7647 | 20386464 | Also, in vitro studies showed that coculture of mature DCs, autologous T cells and IL-2 leads to an increase in the number of Treg cells whereas IL-21 does not stimulate the induction of Treg cells. |
| 7648 | 20386464 | These findings demonstrate that even low doses of IL-2 in combination with DC vaccination are able to expand CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in vivo in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. |
| 7649 | 20394723 | The studies showed that PTD-HBcAg not only induced significantly higher antibody responses, but also increased production of cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10) compared to HBcAg alone and PBS. |
| 7650 | 20394723 | Moreover, PTD-HBcAg fusion protein increased significantly the percentages of IFN-gamma+CD8+ T cells and HBcAg-specific (CTL) responses. |
| 7651 | 20404924 | Further, circulating levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-2 were analysed in VL patients (n = 29) by Cytometric Bead Array to evaluate correlation with parasitic load. |
| 7652 | 20414189 | Here, we describe a method for the detailed phenotypic and functional analyses of cellular immune responses, specifically intracellular cytokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as the individual memory subsets. |
| 7653 | 20414189 | We obtained precise quantitative and qualitative measures for the production of interferon gamma (INF-) and interleukin (IL) -2 in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the rhesus macaque PBMC stimulated with PMA plus ionomycin (PMA+I). |
| 7654 | 20414189 | Furthermore, this protocol provided us the sensitivity to demonstrate even minor fractions of antigen specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets within the PBMC samples from rhesus macaques immunized with an HIV envelope peptide cocktail vaccine developed in our laboratory. |
| 7655 | 20427628 | We found that only interleukin 12 (IL-12), not other costimulants, increased IFN-gamma production in WBA while maintaining M. leprae peptide specificity, as evidenced by lack of increase of IFN-gamma in control samples stimulated with IL-12 alone. |
| 7656 | 20427628 | The IL-12-induced increase in IFN-gamma was mainly mediated by CD4+ T cells that did not produce IL-2 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). |
| 7657 | 20427628 | Although not statistically significantly, macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta (MIP-1beta) and macrophage c protein 1 (MCP-1) levels specific for M. leprae peptide tended to be increased by IL-12. |
| 7658 | 20427628 | IP-10 production was also found to be a useful marker of M. leprae peptide responses, but its production was enhanced by IL-12 nonspecifically. |
| 7659 | 20435929 | Polyfunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses to tuberculosis antigens in HIV-1-infected patients before and after anti-retroviral treatment. |
| 7660 | 20435929 | We assessed polyfunctional (IFN-gamma(+)IL-2(+)TNF-alpha(+)) T cell responses to TB Ags in three groups of HIV-1-infected patients dependent on their TB status, CD4 counts, and anti-retroviral exposure. |
| 7661 | 20435929 | We found that although the proportion of IFN-gamma cells in response to TB Ags was higher in patients with low CD4 counts, the responding cells changed from a polyfunctional CD4(+) to a monofunctional CD8(+) response. |
| 7662 | 20435931 | Knockdown of CD40, CD80, and CD86, prior to loading DCs with the arthritogenic Ag collagen II, led to a population of cells that could effectively suppress onset of collagen-induced arthritis. |
| 7663 | 20435931 | Disease suppression was associated with inhibition of collagen II-specific Ab production and suppression of T cell recall responses. |
| 7664 | 20435931 | Downregulation of IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-17 and increased FoxP3(+) cells with regulatory activity were observed in collagen-induced arthritis mice treated with siRNA-transfected DCs. |
| 7665 | 20450288 | The cytokine measurement profile of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in culture supernatants of cells primed with peptide antigens in microparticles co-encapsulating CpG ODN showed higher levels of IFN- gamma followed by TNF-alpha and IL-2, with relatively low levels of IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 7666 | 20451637 | A single immunization of naïve mice with recombinant YF17D resulted in robust production of IFN-gamma by CD8(+) T-cells and IFN-gamma and IL-2 by CD4(+) T-cells. |
| 7667 | 20471443 | Incorporation of CD40 ligand into SHIV virus-like particles (VLP) enhances SHIV-VLP-induced dendritic cell activation and boosts immune responses against HIV. |
| 7668 | 20471443 | Engagement of CD40 with CD40L induces dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activation, thereby promoting immune responses. |
| 7669 | 20471443 | We found that CD83, CD40, and CD86 were significantly up-regulated and significantly increased cytokines production were observed after hCD40L/SHIV-VLP treatment in human CD14(+) monocyte-derived DCs as compared to SHIV-VLP treatment. |
| 7670 | 20471443 | Mice immunized with mCD40L/SHIV-VLP showed more than a two-fold increase in HIV Env-specific IgG antibody production, an increase in SIV Gag and HIV Env-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing cells, and an increase in HIV Env-specific cytotoxic activity compared to that in SHIV-VLP immunized mice. |
| 7671 | 20471443 | Furthermore, multifunctional CD4(+) Th1 cells, which simultaneously produce IFN-gamma, IL-2 and TNF-alpha triple cytokines, and CD8(+) T-cells, which produce IFN-gamma were elevated in the mCD40L/SHIV-VLP immunized group. |
| 7672 | 20471443 | Therefore, incorporation of CD40L into VLP may represent a novel strategy to develop effective HIV vaccines. |
| 7673 | 20480224 | CD4+ T cells inhibit the neu-specific CD8+ T-cell exhaustion during the priming phase of immune responses against breast cancer. |
| 7674 | 20480224 | Studies conducted in animal model of infectious diseases or H-Y antigen model suggest a crucial role for CD4+ T cells in providing help for CD8+ T-cell memory responses. |
| 7675 | 20480224 | Although this concept has been applied to cancer vaccine design, the role of CD4+ T cells in the memory differentiation of CD8+ T cells and retention of their anti-tumor function have never been tested in breast cancer model. |
| 7676 | 20480224 | Such differential effects, in vivo, were associated with higher frequency of CD8+PD-L1+ and CD8+PD-1+ T cells in animals harboring helpless T cells as well as higher titer of IL-2 in the sera of animals harboring helped T cells. |
| 7677 | 20480224 | However, depletion of CD4+ T cells did not alter the ability of neu-specific CD8+ T cells to differentiate into memory cells and to retain their effector function against the tumor during recall challenge. |
| 7678 | 20480224 | These results suggest the inhibitory role of CD4+ T cells on CD8+ T-cell exhaustion without substantial effects on the differentiation of memory T cells during priming phase of the immune responses against breast cancer. |
| 7679 | 20483237 | In fish, prior to pufferfish (Fugu rubripes and Tetraodon nigroviridis) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome sequencing, only a handful of cytokines like IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TGFbeta, some CXC (including IL-8) and CC chemokine genes were identified. |
| 7680 | 20483237 | Pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF's, IL-6 and IL-17 family have been cloned. |
| 7681 | 20483237 | Among the T(H)1 type interleukins, IL-2, IL-15, IL-12alpha, IL-12beta, IL-18 have been cloned. |
| 7682 | 20483237 | Among IL-10 and its family members, IL-10, IL-19/20, IL-22 and IL-26 have been discovered. |
| 7683 | 20483237 | However, T(H)2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), IL-3, IL-7 and IL-9 are yet to be discovered from fish. |
| 7684 | 20508727 | In addition, IDLV immunization induced high frequency of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells able to simultaneously produce IFNgamma, TNFalpha, and IL2. |
| 7685 | 20518579 | The phase II studies demonstrated the potential utility of continuous intravenous IL-2 and subsequently intermittent dosing with subcutaneous rIL-2 as a cytokine that could expand the CD4+ T-cell pool in HIV-1-infected patients without any significant detrimental effect on HIV viral load and with an acceptable adverse-effect profile. |
| 7686 | 20519649 | The CD8(+) T cell response to infection is characterized by the appearance of short-lived (CD127(low) killer cell lectin-like receptor G 1-high) and memory-precursor (CD127(high) killer cell lectin-like receptor G 1-low) effector cells. |
| 7687 | 20519649 | Furthermore, the extent of early Ag availability, which regulated programmed death-1 and CD25 expression levels, controlled the T(CM)/T(EM) cell lineage decision ultimately through IL-2 and IL-15 signaling levels. |
| 7688 | 20530206 | Using two distinct vaccine platforms, we evaluate the influence of interleukin (IL) 10 production on the magnitude, quality, and protective capacity of CD4(+) T cell responses in the mouse model of Leishmania major infection. |
| 7689 | 20530206 | Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to delineate the CD4(+) T cell production of interferon (IFN) gamma, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-10 (or combinations thereof) after vaccination. |
| 7690 | 20530206 | Immunization with a high dose of adenovirus (ADV) expressing leishmanial proteins (MML-ADV) elicited a limited proportion of multifunctional IFN-gamma(+)IL-2(+)TNF(+) Th1 cells, a high frequency of IL-10-producing CD4(+) T cells, and did not protect against subsequent challenge. |
| 7691 | 20530206 | In contrast, after immunization with MML protein and CpG (MML + CpG), IL-10 limited the production of IL-12 by DCs in vivo, thereby decreasing the generation of multifunctional Th1 cells. |
| 7692 | 20530206 | Using two distinct vaccine platforms, we evaluate the influence of interleukin (IL) 10 production on the magnitude, quality, and protective capacity of CD4(+) T cell responses in the mouse model of Leishmania major infection. |
| 7693 | 20530206 | Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to delineate the CD4(+) T cell production of interferon (IFN) gamma, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-10 (or combinations thereof) after vaccination. |
| 7694 | 20530206 | Immunization with a high dose of adenovirus (ADV) expressing leishmanial proteins (MML-ADV) elicited a limited proportion of multifunctional IFN-gamma(+)IL-2(+)TNF(+) Th1 cells, a high frequency of IL-10-producing CD4(+) T cells, and did not protect against subsequent challenge. |
| 7695 | 20530206 | In contrast, after immunization with MML protein and CpG (MML + CpG), IL-10 limited the production of IL-12 by DCs in vivo, thereby decreasing the generation of multifunctional Th1 cells. |
| 7696 | 20535218 | By means of short-term polychromatic intracellular cytokine staining, we observed a significant increase in polyfunctional Nef-specific CD4 T cells expressing interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and CD154 after vaccination, whereas changes in the quality of CD8 T-cell response could not be observed. |
| 7697 | 20535218 | Only the additional use of a long-term polychromatic Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based proliferation assay revealed vaccine-induced Nef-specific CD8, as well as CD4 T cells with proliferative capacity. |
| 7698 | 20535218 | The correlation between vaccine-induced IL-2 production by CD4 T cells and the increase in proliferating Nef-specific CD8 T cells suggests a causal link between these two functions. |
| 7699 | 20535218 | By means of short-term polychromatic intracellular cytokine staining, we observed a significant increase in polyfunctional Nef-specific CD4 T cells expressing interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and CD154 after vaccination, whereas changes in the quality of CD8 T-cell response could not be observed. |
| 7700 | 20535218 | Only the additional use of a long-term polychromatic Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based proliferation assay revealed vaccine-induced Nef-specific CD8, as well as CD4 T cells with proliferative capacity. |
| 7701 | 20535218 | The correlation between vaccine-induced IL-2 production by CD4 T cells and the increase in proliferating Nef-specific CD8 T cells suggests a causal link between these two functions. |
| 7702 | 20541870 | Increased levels of gene transcripts encoding IL-2, IL-10, IL-17A, and IFN-gamma, but decreased levels of IL-15 mRNAs, were seen in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes of chickens immunized with profilin plus adjuvants compared with immunization with profilin alone. |
| 7703 | 20557286 | Delivery of a plasmid DNA encoding interleukin-12 (IL-12) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) using electroporation was demonstrated to be a safe with no grade 3 or 4 toxicities reported. |
| 7704 | 20561603 | All mice vaccinated with recombinant virus developed specific anti-SWAP (soluble worm antigen preparation) antibody, splenocyte proliferative response and production of IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 7705 | 20575435 | The effect was determined in the form of protective anti-IBDV VP2 titers, antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a), lymphocyte proliferation, the levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 cytokines, and challenge experiment. |
| 7706 | 20575435 | The seem result elicited from cytokines ELISA test, secretion of both of Th1 (gamma-IFN) and Th2 (IL-4) were induced by the rVP2-IL-2 fusion protein. |
| 7707 | 20582165 | Here, using an in vitro system where activated CD8 T cells driven by IL-2 or IL-15 become either effector memory or central memory cells, we assessed the role of microRNAs in memory T cell fate determination. |
| 7708 | 20582165 | We found that fate determination to central memory T cells is under the balancing effects of a discrete number of microRNAs including miR-150, miR-155 and the let-7 family. |
| 7709 | 20582165 | Based on miR-150 a new target, KChIP.1 (K (+) channel interacting protein 1), was uncovered, which is specifically upregulated in developing central memory CD8 T cells. |
| 7710 | 20586188 | Triple immunization of mice with the plasmid vaccine induced a pronounced cellular immune response against abroad spectrum of NSSA epitopes as assessed by T-cell proliferation andsecretion of antiviral cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 7711 | 20600494 | A test antigen, HIV-1 p24 (clade B consensus), was inserted near the 5' end of YF17D, in frame and upstream of the polyprotein (YF-5'/p24), or between the envelope and the first non-structural protein (YF-E/p24/NS1). |
| 7712 | 20600494 | In vitro characterization of these recombinants indicated that the gene insert was more stable in the context of YF-E/p24/NS1. |
| 7713 | 20600494 | CD8(+) IFN-gamma T-cell responses against p24 were elicited by the YF17D recombinants, as were specific CD4(+) T cells expressing IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 7714 | 20600494 | A balanced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell response was notable, as was the polyfunctionality of the responding cells. |
| 7715 | 20600494 | Finally, the protective efficacy of the YF17D recombinants, particularly YF-E/p24/NS1, in mice challenged with a vaccinia expressing HIV-1 Gag was demonstrated. |
| 7716 | 20625487 | Fifty six genes such as TNF, NFKB1, IL2, IL6, and MAPK8 were ranked among the top 25 by at least one of the centrality methods in one or both networks. |
| 7717 | 20631337 | Using 5 HIV-1 antigens as stimulants, we assessed lymphocyte proliferation, supernatant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) cytokine production (CP), single-cell IFN-gamma production by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, with and without Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCLs), and intracellular cytokine production (ICC) for IFN-gamma and interleukin 2 (IL-2) by flow cytometry. |
| 7718 | 20635977 | Immunotherapeutic approaches with IL-2 and/or IFN-alpha have become standard regimens in treating metastatic renal cell cancer. |
| 7719 | 20647327 | Tumor-specific CD8+ T cells expressing interleukin-12 eradicate established cancers in lymphodepleted hosts. |
| 7720 | 20647327 | In this study, we report that approximately 10,000 T cells gene-engineered to express a single-chain IL-12 molecule can be therapeutically effective against established tumors in the absence of exogenous IL-2 and vaccine. |
| 7721 | 20647327 | Successful tumor eradication was dependent on a lymphodepleting preconditioning regimen that reduced the number of intratumoral CD4(+) Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells. |
| 7722 | 20660136 | Because of the potential importance of HLA-E-restricted CD8(+) responses in resistance to Salmonella infection, we characterized these responses and investigated their kinetics of appearance and persistence in volunteers immunized orally with the licensed attenuated Ty21a strain typhoid vaccine. |
| 7723 | 20660136 | An ex vivo multicolor staining panel including antibodies to CD107a and -b, interleukin-2, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was used to functionally assess memory T-cell subsets by flow cytometry. |
| 7724 | 20660136 | The majority of HLA-E-restricted CD8(+) cells 28 to 56 days after immunization coexpressed CD107, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, showing characteristic features of multifunctional T cells. |
| 7725 | 20660136 | In summary, the multifunctionality and longevity of the HLA-E-restricted CD8 responses observed in this study highlight their significance in adaptive immunity to S. |
| 7726 | 20660136 | Finally, this is the first demonstration, in either animals or humans, of the presence of long-term multifunctional HLA-E-restricted CD8(+) cells after immunization. |
| 7727 | 20664359 | In an attempt to improve persistence of the transferred lymphocytes, we cotransduced human peripheral blood lymphocytes with retroviruses encoding Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL, antiapoptotic genes of the BCL2 family, and the MART-1 melanoma tumor antigen-specific TCR, DMF5. |
| 7728 | 20664359 | Cotransduction with Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL did not affect cytokine secretion or lytic ability of the DMF5-transduced lymphocytes. |
| 7729 | 20664359 | Thus, by coexpressing Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL with a tumor-specific TCR, we have engineered a lymphocyte that resists apoptosis owing to IL-2 withdrawal without altering its tumor-specific function or phenotype, and thus may show improved antitumor effectiveness in vivo after cell transfer. |
| 7730 | 20668230 | When mAb heavy chain was engineered to express HIV Gag p24, the fusion mAb induced interferon-γ- and interleukin-2-producing CD4(+) T cells in hDEC205 transgenic mice, if polynocinic polycytidylic acid was coadministered as an adjuvant. |
| 7731 | 20679529 | This "recall" NK cell response was absolutely dependent on Ag-specific IL-2 from CD45RO(+) CD4(+) T cells as well as IL-12 and IL-18 from accessory cells. |
| 7732 | 20686664 | Our results indicate that both the HCV TCR-transduced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells recognized the HCV NS3:1073-1081 peptide-loaded targets and HCV(+) hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) in a polyfunctional manner with cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha) production as well as cytotoxicity. |
| 7733 | 20686664 | Tumor cell recognition by HCV TCR transduced CD8(-) Jurkat cells and CD4(+) PBL-derived T cells indicated this TCR was CD8-independent, a property consistent with other high affinity TCRs. |
| 7734 | 20709007 | CD8+ T cell response in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice is elicited by epitopes from SARS-CoV S protein. |
| 7735 | 20709007 | Results showed that peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells secreted IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 and expressed CD107a/b on cell surface. |
| 7736 | 20709007 | IFN-γ(+)CD8(+) T cells and CD107a/b(+)CD8(+) T cells distributed throughout the lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, but the frequency of peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells was higher in lungs than in spleens and lymph nodes. |
| 7737 | 20709007 | Most of the HLA-A*0201 restricted peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells represented a memory subset with CD45RB(high) and CD62L(low). |
| 7738 | 20709007 | Taken together, these data demonstrate that immunization with SARS S DNA and HLA-A*0201 restricted peptides can elicit antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell immune responses which may have a significant implication in the long-term protection. |
| 7739 | 20709105 | Expression of selected gene groups was tested via qPCR at 7 different time-points: cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10), type I interferons (IFN-α4, IFN-α11, IFN-α12, and IFN-β), toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9), iNOS and CCR7. |
| 7740 | 20709105 | Intranasally administered DBF and the mixture of virus+DBF induced an elevated expression of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines, type I interferons, iNOS, and pDC markers in NALT. |
| 7741 | 20709527 | CA9 is not expressed in healthy renal tissue but is expressed in most clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CCRCC) through HIF-1α accumulation driven by hypoxia and inactivation of the VHL gene. |
| 7742 | 20709527 | In metastatic disease, high CA9 expression by IHC was reported to be a powerful prognostic marker with better survival and sensitivity to IL-2, but this is still debated. |
| 7743 | 20709527 | The prognostic value of CA9 in CCRCC could be explained by the frequent VHL gene inactivation driving an early activation of the HIF pathway. |
| 7744 | 20709527 | The poorer prognosis associated with low CA9 expressing tumours could be due to the simultaneous overexpression of EGFR contributing to the activation of AkT and mTOR pathways. |
| 7745 | 20719708 | Recent data also suggest that IL-15 acts, not only on CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells, but also on effector memory CD4+ T cells. |
| 7746 | 20719708 | IL-15 clearly expands very different CD4+ T cell subpopulations than IL-2 in SIV-infected animals, and may be useful for the restoration of effector memory CD4+ T cells that are depleted early in HIV and SIV infection. |
| 7747 | 20719985 | These new HHV-8 epitopes activated monofunctional and polyfunctional CD8(+) T cells that produced various combinations of gamma interferon, interleukin 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inhibitory protein 1β, and cytotoxic degranulation marker CD107a in healthy HHV-8-seropositive individuals. |
| 7748 | 20719985 | We were also able to detect HHV-8-specific CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood samples using HLA A*0201 pentamer complexes for one gB epitope, one K8.1 epitope, two LANA-1 epitopes, and one K12 epitope. |
| 7749 | 20725863 | The P38 and ERK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways govern the regulation of cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α) as well biomarkers (PD-1, Fas/FasL, among others) that are skewed in chronic HIV infection. |
| 7750 | 20725863 | HIV utilizes the P38 and ERK pathways to produce new virions and to deplete CD4+ T cells from the host's immune system. |
| 7751 | 20728522 | All vaccine formulations induced strong HIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses characterized by high lymphoproliferative capacity and IL-2 production that were still detectable 18 months after last immunization, with strongest responses seen in the AS01(B) group. |
| 7752 | 20733200 | An attractive treatment of cancer consists in inducing tumor-eradicating CD8(+) CTL specific for tumor-associated Ags, such as NY-ESO-1 (ESO), a strongly immunogenic cancer germ line gene-encoded tumor-associated Ag, widely expressed on diverse tumors. |
| 7753 | 20733200 | This prime boost regimen was superior to other vaccine regimes and required strong Th1 cell responses, copresentation of MHC class I and MHC class II peptides by the same DC, and resulted in upregulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1, and thus egress of freshly primed CD8(+) T cells from the draining lymph nodes into circulation. |
| 7754 | 20733200 | This well-defined system allowed detailed mechanistic analysis, which revealed that 1) the Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 played key roles in CTL priming, namely by upregulating on naive CD8(+) T cells the chemokine receptor CCR5; 2) the inflammatory chemokines CCL4 (MIP-1beta) and CCL3 (MIP-1alpha) chemoattracted primed CD4(+) T cells to mature DCs and activated, naive CD8(+) T cells to DC-CD4 conjugates, respectively; and 3) blockade of these chemokines or their common receptor CCR5 ablated priming of CD8(+) T cells and upregulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1. |
| 7755 | 20805358 | Regulation of memory CD8 T-cell differentiation by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. |
| 7756 | 20805358 | Here, we have identified the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) as a critical regulator of the CD8 T-cell homeostasis at all phases of the T-cell response to an acute viral infection in mice. |
| 7757 | 20805358 | By acting as a timer for cell cycle exit, p27(Kip1) curtailed the programmed expansion of interleukin-2-producing memory precursors and markedly limited the magnitude and quality of CD8 T-cell memory. |
| 7758 | 20805358 | In the absence of p27(Kip1), CD8 T cells showed superior recall responses shortly after vaccination with recombinant Listeria monocytogenes. |
| 7759 | 20805358 | Additionally, we show that p27(Kip1) constrains proliferative renewal of memory CD8 T cells, especially of the effector memory subset. |
| 7760 | 20805358 | These findings provide critical insights into the cell cycle regulation of CD8 T-cell homeostasis and suggest that modulation of p27(Kip1) could bolster vaccine-induced T-cell memory and protective immunity. |
| 7761 | 20816019 | The immunological consequences of the treatment were evaluated with plasma- and serum-levels of inflammatory and non-inflammatory markers (the following 10 cytokines: GM-CSF, INF-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha, and in addition the inflammatory chemokines MIP-1beta, Eotaxin and IP-10) and biomarkers CEA and TIMP-1. |
| 7762 | 20816019 | These analyses showed that the vaccine induced increasing levels of Th1 cytokines such as GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 in patients achieving stable disease. |
| 7763 | 20816019 | Patients with progressive disease had increasing levels of CEA and TIMP-1, while patients achieving stable disease maintained relatively stable levels. |
| 7764 | 20816019 | The immunological consequences of the treatment were evaluated with plasma- and serum-levels of inflammatory and non-inflammatory markers (the following 10 cytokines: GM-CSF, INF-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha, and in addition the inflammatory chemokines MIP-1beta, Eotaxin and IP-10) and biomarkers CEA and TIMP-1. |
| 7765 | 20816019 | These analyses showed that the vaccine induced increasing levels of Th1 cytokines such as GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 in patients achieving stable disease. |
| 7766 | 20816019 | Patients with progressive disease had increasing levels of CEA and TIMP-1, while patients achieving stable disease maintained relatively stable levels. |
| 7767 | 20829398 | The ratios of CD4(+) to CD8(+) T lymphocytes in chickens immunized with pgB plus pIL-18 were significantly higher than in those immunized with pgB alone. |
| 7768 | 20829398 | Co-injection of pIL-18 significantly increased the production of gamma interferon and IL-2, indicating that IL-18 enhances the T helper 1-dominant immune response. |
| 7769 | 20851080 | Furthermore, intracellular cytokine staining showed an increase in the proportion of memory LEISH-F1-specific IL-2(+) CD4 T-cells after vaccination, which was associated with clinical cure. |
| 7770 | 20863822 | There was statistically significant upregulation of costimulatory molecules and maturation markers (CD86, CD83, CD80 and CL II) in DC loaded with cryotreated whole tumour cells compared to both control DC and DC matured with LPS (P < 0.001). |
| 7771 | 20863822 | There was a significant increase in stimulatory cytokines gene expression (IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18 and IFN-γ). |
| 7772 | 20863822 | The effect of different freezing temperature was equal. cDNA microarray analysis showed upregulation of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and cycline dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A (p21) and downregulation of Caspase 8 and BCL2. |
| 7773 | 20870934 | CD4+ T cells are not required for the induction of dengue virus-specific CD8+ T cell or antibody responses but contribute to protection after vaccination. |
| 7774 | 20870934 | The DENV-specific CD4(+) T cells expressed intracellular IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2, and CD40L, and killed peptide-pulsed target cells in vivo. |
| 7775 | 20870934 | Consistent with this observation, CD4(+) T cell depletion did not affect the DENV-specific IgG or IgM Ab titers or their neutralizing activity, or the DENV-specific CD8(+) T cell response. |
| 7776 | 20887831 | To augment their immunogenic properties, the fibroblasts were genetically modified before Trop-1 DNA-transfer to secrete IL-2 and to express allogeneic MHC class I H-2K(b)-determinants. |
| 7777 | 20887831 | Mice with established breast cancer treated solely by immunization with fibroblasts modified to express Trop-1 developed CD8(+) cell-mediated immunity to the breast cancer cells. |
| 7778 | 20944089 | In mice, this fusion protein-adjuvant combination induced polyfunctional CD4 T helper 1 cell responses characterized by antigen-specific interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-2, as well as a reduction in the number of bacteria in the lungs of animals after they were subsequently infected with virulent or multidrug-resistant Mtb strains. |
| 7779 | 20944089 | Finally, the fusion protein elicited polyfunctional effector CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in BCG-vaccinated or Mtb-exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 7780 | 20963411 | Pitfalls of vaccinations with WT1-, Proteinase3- and MUC1-derived peptides in combination with MontanideISA51 and CpG7909. |
| 7781 | 20963411 | T cells with specificity for antigens derived from Wilms Tumor gene (WT1), Proteinase3 (Pr3), and mucin1 (MUC1) have been demonstrated to lyse acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts and multiple-myeloma (MM) cells, and strategies to enhance or induce such tumor-specific T cells by vaccination are currently being explored in multiple clinical trials. |
| 7782 | 20963411 | To test safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine composed of WT1-, Pr3-, and MUC1-derived Class I-restricted peptides and the pan HLA-DR T helper cell epitope (PADRE) or MUC1-helper epitopes in combination with CpG7909 and MontanideISA51, four patients with AML and five with MM were repetitively vaccinated. |
| 7783 | 20963411 | Neither pre-existing nor naive WT1-/Pr3-/MUC1-specific CD8+ T cells expanded in vivo by vaccination. |
| 7784 | 20963411 | An increase in PADRE-specific CD4+ T helper cells was observed after vaccination but these appeared unable to produce IL2, and CD4+ T cells with a regulatory phenotype increased. |
| 7785 | 21035197 | No specific increase in cell-mediated immune (CMI) response was induced by the vaccine as determined by EIV-specific lymphoproliferation and the detection of EIV-specific IFNγ(+) CD5(+)T cells, IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA expression. |
| 7786 | 21035507 | Cell proliferation, cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-4), and lymphocyte sub-populations (CD4/CD8, CD3 and CD19) were determined in splenocytes from mice administered subcutaneously with test substances. |
| 7787 | 21035507 | In these cells CD4/CD8 derived IFN-γ release was also determined. |
| 7788 | 21039735 | The aim of this study was to clone these genes into DNA vaccine vectors capable of expressing them in eukaryotic cells as fusion proteins, fused with immunostimulatory signal peptides of human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and evaluate the recombinant DNA vaccine constructs for induction of antigen-specific cellular immune responses in mice. |
| 7789 | 21039735 | DNA corresponding to the aforementioned RD1 and RD9 genes was cloned into DNA vaccine plasmid vectors pUMVC6 and pUMVC7 (with hIL-2 and tPA signal peptides, respectively), and a total of 10 recombinant DNA vaccine constructs were obtained. |
| 7790 | 21039735 | The aim of this study was to clone these genes into DNA vaccine vectors capable of expressing them in eukaryotic cells as fusion proteins, fused with immunostimulatory signal peptides of human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and evaluate the recombinant DNA vaccine constructs for induction of antigen-specific cellular immune responses in mice. |
| 7791 | 21039735 | DNA corresponding to the aforementioned RD1 and RD9 genes was cloned into DNA vaccine plasmid vectors pUMVC6 and pUMVC7 (with hIL-2 and tPA signal peptides, respectively), and a total of 10 recombinant DNA vaccine constructs were obtained. |
| 7792 | 21039737 | To compare SV1 and SV2 (200 μg F1+100 μg rV270) with live attenuated vaccine EV76, antibody responses, protective efficacy, cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12) production, CD4/CD8 ratio and CD69(+) T-cell activation marker were determined in sera of the immunized Chinese-origin rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta. |
| 7793 | 21039737 | There were no statistical changes for CD4/CD8 ratios, IL-4 and CD69 levels between the three-vaccine immunized groups. |
| 7794 | 21042712 | Herein we describe T cell costimulation via CD25, the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor, during priming of naive T cells with a tumor vaccine. |
| 7795 | 21042712 | To this end, we produced, purified and characterized the fusion protein bsHN-IL2 which contains the IL-2 cytokine and an antibody scFv fragment directed towards the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). |
| 7796 | 21042712 | In the presence of CD3-mediated signal 1, the vaccine/bsHN-IL2 provided via CD25 a strong bystander antitumor effect in vitro leading to tumor growth inhibition, even stronger than the vaccine/bsHN-CD28 which provides costimulation via CD28. |
| 7797 | 21042712 | Transcriptome analysis of naive T cells which were stimulated with the vaccine/bsHN-IL2 showed, similarly to the vaccine/bsHN-CD28, upregulation of 71 genes belonging to different signalling pathways, including PLC-γ1, Grb-2, Vav-1 and PDE-4A. |
| 7798 | 21042712 | Herein we describe T cell costimulation via CD25, the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor, during priming of naive T cells with a tumor vaccine. |
| 7799 | 21042712 | To this end, we produced, purified and characterized the fusion protein bsHN-IL2 which contains the IL-2 cytokine and an antibody scFv fragment directed towards the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). |
| 7800 | 21042712 | In the presence of CD3-mediated signal 1, the vaccine/bsHN-IL2 provided via CD25 a strong bystander antitumor effect in vitro leading to tumor growth inhibition, even stronger than the vaccine/bsHN-CD28 which provides costimulation via CD28. |
| 7801 | 21042712 | Transcriptome analysis of naive T cells which were stimulated with the vaccine/bsHN-IL2 showed, similarly to the vaccine/bsHN-CD28, upregulation of 71 genes belonging to different signalling pathways, including PLC-γ1, Grb-2, Vav-1 and PDE-4A. |
| 7802 | 21043139 | [Construction and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus co-expressing the E2 protein of classical swine fever virus and the porcine interleukin 2 in rabbits]. |
| 7803 | 21043139 | To construct a recombinant adenovirus co-expressing the E2 protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and the porcine interleukin 2 (pIL-2), the CSFV E2 gene and pIL-2 gene were amplified respectively from the plasmids pMD19-T-E2 and pMD19-T-pIL-2 by PCR. |
| 7804 | 21043139 | [Construction and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus co-expressing the E2 protein of classical swine fever virus and the porcine interleukin 2 in rabbits]. |
| 7805 | 21043139 | To construct a recombinant adenovirus co-expressing the E2 protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and the porcine interleukin 2 (pIL-2), the CSFV E2 gene and pIL-2 gene were amplified respectively from the plasmids pMD19-T-E2 and pMD19-T-pIL-2 by PCR. |
| 7806 | 21057930 | The output of an ELISpot assay is a formation of colored spots which appear at the sites of cells releasing cytokines, with each individual spot representing a single cytokine-releasing cell.We have shown that hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was causing ∼twofold decrease in the number of lymphocytes secreting the TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2, as well as chemokine IL-8 and cytokine TNF alpha. |
| 7807 | 21057930 | However, the number of cells secreting TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in hydrogen peroxide-treated group did not change. |
| 7808 | 21057930 | We adopted ELISpot assay for studying oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by analyzing the acute effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the frequency of cells secreting IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, and TNF-alpha. |
| 7809 | 21057930 | The output of an ELISpot assay is a formation of colored spots which appear at the sites of cells releasing cytokines, with each individual spot representing a single cytokine-releasing cell.We have shown that hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was causing ∼twofold decrease in the number of lymphocytes secreting the TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2, as well as chemokine IL-8 and cytokine TNF alpha. |
| 7810 | 21057930 | However, the number of cells secreting TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in hydrogen peroxide-treated group did not change. |
| 7811 | 21057930 | We adopted ELISpot assay for studying oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by analyzing the acute effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the frequency of cells secreting IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, and TNF-alpha. |
| 7812 | 21060869 | The GLA-SE adjuvanted Fluzone vaccine caused no adverse reactions, increased the induction of T helper type 1 (T(H)1)-biased cytokines such as IFNγ, TNF and IL-2, and broadened serological responses against drifted A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 influenza variants. |
| 7813 | 21069322 | This phase II study determined the efficacy and tolerability of TG4010, a cancer vaccine based on a modified vaccinia virus expressing MUC1 and interleukin-2, in combination with cytokines, as first-line therapy in metastatic RCC. |
| 7814 | 21069322 | Thirty-seven patients with progressive, MUC1-positive RCC received TG4010 10(8) pfu/inj weekly for 6 weeks, then every 3 weeks until progression, when TG4010 was continued in combination with interferon-α2a and interleukin-2. |
| 7815 | 21069322 | Six of 28 patients showed a MUC1 CD4+ T cell proliferative response during therapy. |
| 7816 | 21069322 | MUC1-specific CD8+ T cell responses were associated with longer survival. |
| 7817 | 21069322 | This phase II study determined the efficacy and tolerability of TG4010, a cancer vaccine based on a modified vaccinia virus expressing MUC1 and interleukin-2, in combination with cytokines, as first-line therapy in metastatic RCC. |
| 7818 | 21069322 | Thirty-seven patients with progressive, MUC1-positive RCC received TG4010 10(8) pfu/inj weekly for 6 weeks, then every 3 weeks until progression, when TG4010 was continued in combination with interferon-α2a and interleukin-2. |
| 7819 | 21069322 | Six of 28 patients showed a MUC1 CD4+ T cell proliferative response during therapy. |
| 7820 | 21069322 | MUC1-specific CD8+ T cell responses were associated with longer survival. |
| 7821 | 21074276 | Regulation of IgA production in cattle is not completely understood and thus we have focused in part on highly conserved factors such as transforming growth factor beta, Type I and Type 2 interferons, neuropeptides which interdigitate mucosal tissues (vasoactive intestinal peptide or VIP), and a small peptide (IgA inducing peptide or IGIP) which can serve as targets for modulation and increasing SIgA virus-specific antibodies. |
| 7822 | 21074276 | In previous studies in cattle, IgA has been shown to be regulated by several cytokines including IFN-gamma, Type I interferons such as IFN-alpha and IFN-tau, transforming growth factor beta, IgA inducing peptide and other potential factors such as APRIL and BlyS which have not yet been fully evaluated in cattle. |
| 7823 | 21074276 | Many of these factors, namely TGF-beta and Type I interferons block cell cycle progression which is an essential component of Ig class switching and thus these factors require additional regulatory factors such as IL-2 to drive cells through cell cycle resulting in class switch recombination. |
| 7824 | 21079516 | We hypothesize that polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells capable of viral control are present in most patients early in infection and these cells are distinguished by their ability to secrete interleukin (IL)-2 and proliferate. |
| 7825 | 21079516 | We examined HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) using known HIV-1 cytotoxic T-cell epitopes to exclude CD4 bystander effect. |
| 7826 | 21079516 | We found that only a subset of patients with PHI demonstrated "CD4-independent" CD8 proliferation ex vivo. |
| 7827 | 21079516 | The remainder of the patients lacked HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells with proliferative capacity, even after the addition of exogenous IL-2. |
| 7828 | 21079516 | Among the proliferators, IL-2 production from the total HIV-specific CD8 T-cell population correlated with proliferation. |
| 7829 | 21079516 | Surprisingly, though, we did not routinely detect both IL-2 secretion and proliferative capacity from the same antigen-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 7830 | 21079516 | Thus, there are distinct and heterogeneous populations of CD8 T cells, phenotypically characterized by either proliferation or IL-2 secretion and few with dual capacity. |
| 7831 | 21079516 | We hypothesize that polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells capable of viral control are present in most patients early in infection and these cells are distinguished by their ability to secrete interleukin (IL)-2 and proliferate. |
| 7832 | 21079516 | We examined HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) using known HIV-1 cytotoxic T-cell epitopes to exclude CD4 bystander effect. |
| 7833 | 21079516 | We found that only a subset of patients with PHI demonstrated "CD4-independent" CD8 proliferation ex vivo. |
| 7834 | 21079516 | The remainder of the patients lacked HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells with proliferative capacity, even after the addition of exogenous IL-2. |
| 7835 | 21079516 | Among the proliferators, IL-2 production from the total HIV-specific CD8 T-cell population correlated with proliferation. |
| 7836 | 21079516 | Surprisingly, though, we did not routinely detect both IL-2 secretion and proliferative capacity from the same antigen-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 7837 | 21079516 | Thus, there are distinct and heterogeneous populations of CD8 T cells, phenotypically characterized by either proliferation or IL-2 secretion and few with dual capacity. |
| 7838 | 21079516 | We hypothesize that polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells capable of viral control are present in most patients early in infection and these cells are distinguished by their ability to secrete interleukin (IL)-2 and proliferate. |
| 7839 | 21079516 | We examined HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) using known HIV-1 cytotoxic T-cell epitopes to exclude CD4 bystander effect. |
| 7840 | 21079516 | We found that only a subset of patients with PHI demonstrated "CD4-independent" CD8 proliferation ex vivo. |
| 7841 | 21079516 | The remainder of the patients lacked HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells with proliferative capacity, even after the addition of exogenous IL-2. |
| 7842 | 21079516 | Among the proliferators, IL-2 production from the total HIV-specific CD8 T-cell population correlated with proliferation. |
| 7843 | 21079516 | Surprisingly, though, we did not routinely detect both IL-2 secretion and proliferative capacity from the same antigen-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 7844 | 21079516 | Thus, there are distinct and heterogeneous populations of CD8 T cells, phenotypically characterized by either proliferation or IL-2 secretion and few with dual capacity. |
| 7845 | 21079516 | We hypothesize that polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells capable of viral control are present in most patients early in infection and these cells are distinguished by their ability to secrete interleukin (IL)-2 and proliferate. |
| 7846 | 21079516 | We examined HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) using known HIV-1 cytotoxic T-cell epitopes to exclude CD4 bystander effect. |
| 7847 | 21079516 | We found that only a subset of patients with PHI demonstrated "CD4-independent" CD8 proliferation ex vivo. |
| 7848 | 21079516 | The remainder of the patients lacked HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells with proliferative capacity, even after the addition of exogenous IL-2. |
| 7849 | 21079516 | Among the proliferators, IL-2 production from the total HIV-specific CD8 T-cell population correlated with proliferation. |
| 7850 | 21079516 | Surprisingly, though, we did not routinely detect both IL-2 secretion and proliferative capacity from the same antigen-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 7851 | 21079516 | Thus, there are distinct and heterogeneous populations of CD8 T cells, phenotypically characterized by either proliferation or IL-2 secretion and few with dual capacity. |
| 7852 | 21079516 | We hypothesize that polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells capable of viral control are present in most patients early in infection and these cells are distinguished by their ability to secrete interleukin (IL)-2 and proliferate. |
| 7853 | 21079516 | We examined HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) using known HIV-1 cytotoxic T-cell epitopes to exclude CD4 bystander effect. |
| 7854 | 21079516 | We found that only a subset of patients with PHI demonstrated "CD4-independent" CD8 proliferation ex vivo. |
| 7855 | 21079516 | The remainder of the patients lacked HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells with proliferative capacity, even after the addition of exogenous IL-2. |
| 7856 | 21079516 | Among the proliferators, IL-2 production from the total HIV-specific CD8 T-cell population correlated with proliferation. |
| 7857 | 21079516 | Surprisingly, though, we did not routinely detect both IL-2 secretion and proliferative capacity from the same antigen-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 7858 | 21079516 | Thus, there are distinct and heterogeneous populations of CD8 T cells, phenotypically characterized by either proliferation or IL-2 secretion and few with dual capacity. |
| 7859 | 21095251 | Secretion of IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α was enhanced in cultures of AgI/II-stimulated splenic cells isolated from mice that had received LT-IIc as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 7860 | 21095251 | In contrast to LT-IIa and LT-IIb, the original members of the type II subgroup that also are mucosal adjuvants, LT-IIc dramatically enhanced secretion of IL-1α and IL-1β in peritoneal macrophages that had been co-cultured with LPS. |
| 7861 | 21095256 | Evaluation of a DNA vaccine candidate expressing prM-E-NS1 antigens of dengue virus serotype 1 with or without granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in immunogenicity and protection. |
| 7862 | 21095256 | In this study, we constructed DNA vaccines that carried the prM-E-NS1 genes of dengue virus serotype 1 (DV1) with or without the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene, an attractive DNA vaccine adjuvant. |
| 7863 | 21095256 | Immunization with the plasmid pCAG-DV1/E/NS1, which expresses viral prM-E-NS1, or the bicistronic plasmid pCAG-DV1-GM, which co-expresses viral prM-E-NS1 and GM-CSF, resulted in long-term IgG response, high levels of splenocyte-secreted interferon-γ and interleukin-2, strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and sufficient protection in the DV1-challenged mice. |
| 7864 | 21098256 | The number of CD8(+) TCR Vβ families with clonal expansions at 12 weeks relative to baseline (median [10th to 90th percentile], +2.5 [0 to +7] versus +1 [0 to +2], P = 0.03) and at 24 weeks relative to 12 weeks (+1 [0 to +2] versus -1 [-3 to +4], P = 0.006) was higher in subjects with a virological response versus subjects without a virological response, as were interleukin-2 (IL-2) but not IL-21 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 7865 | 21106776 | The serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 of pneumonic plague patients were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 7866 | 21106780 | The results showed that mice immunized with pVAX-ROP16 developed a high level of specific antibody responses against T. gondii ROP16 expressed in Escherichia coli, a strong lymphoproliferative response, and significant levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10 production compared with results for other mice immunized with either empty plasmid or phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. |
| 7867 | 21169544 | A total of 432 M. tuberculosis peptides predicted to bind to HLA-A*0201, HLA-A*0301, and HLA-B*0702 (representing the above supertypes) were synthesized and HLA-binding affinities determined. |
| 7868 | 21169544 | Using HLA/peptide tetramers for the 18 most prominently recognized HLA-A*0201-binding M. tuberculosis peptides, recognition by cured TB patients' CD8(+) T cells was validated for all 18 epitopes. |
| 7869 | 21169544 | Intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α revealed mono-, dual-, as well as triple-positive CD8(+) T cells, indicating these M. tuberculosis peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells were (poly)functional. |
| 7870 | 21169544 | Control CMV peptide/HLA-A*0201 tetramers stained CD8(+) T cells in M. tuberculosis-infected and noninfected individuals equally, whereas Ebola peptide/HLA-A*0201 tetramers were negative. |
| 7871 | 21173782 | Using Toll-like receptor (TLR) and MyD88 gene knock-out (GKO) mice the effect of TLRs and MyD88 on virus replication, interferon (IFN)-β production, natural killer (NK) cell and CD8T cell responses were assessed following ectromelia virus (ECTV) and recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) infection. |
| 7872 | 21173782 | Results showed that TLR2(-/-), TLR4(-/-)and TLR7(-/-) mice survived ECTV infection whereas MyD88(-/-) and TLR9(-/-)mice, in contrast, were highly susceptible. |
| 7873 | 21173782 | Next, following infection with rVV, MyD88(-/-) mice elicited reduced serum IFN-β, NK cell and CD8T cell responses compared with wild-type mice, whereas TLR9(-/-) mice showed elevated CD8T cell responses. |
| 7874 | 21173782 | Interestingly, even though rVV co-expressing interleukin (IL)-2 enhanced NK cell activation in MyD88(-/-) mice, this was not associated with an antiviral effect, as observed in normal mice. |
| 7875 | 21173782 | Surprisingly, co-infection with rVV IL-2/rVV IL-12, but not rVV IL-2/rVV IFN-β, restored the attenuated phenotype of rVV IL-2 in MyD88(-/-) mice indicating that the IL-2/IL-12 combination promotes antiviral responses. |
| 7876 | 21173782 | Using Toll-like receptor (TLR) and MyD88 gene knock-out (GKO) mice the effect of TLRs and MyD88 on virus replication, interferon (IFN)-β production, natural killer (NK) cell and CD8T cell responses were assessed following ectromelia virus (ECTV) and recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) infection. |
| 7877 | 21173782 | Results showed that TLR2(-/-), TLR4(-/-)and TLR7(-/-) mice survived ECTV infection whereas MyD88(-/-) and TLR9(-/-)mice, in contrast, were highly susceptible. |
| 7878 | 21173782 | Next, following infection with rVV, MyD88(-/-) mice elicited reduced serum IFN-β, NK cell and CD8T cell responses compared with wild-type mice, whereas TLR9(-/-) mice showed elevated CD8T cell responses. |
| 7879 | 21173782 | Interestingly, even though rVV co-expressing interleukin (IL)-2 enhanced NK cell activation in MyD88(-/-) mice, this was not associated with an antiviral effect, as observed in normal mice. |
| 7880 | 21173782 | Surprisingly, co-infection with rVV IL-2/rVV IL-12, but not rVV IL-2/rVV IFN-β, restored the attenuated phenotype of rVV IL-2 in MyD88(-/-) mice indicating that the IL-2/IL-12 combination promotes antiviral responses. |
| 7881 | 21177920 | Here, we investigated the protein levels of nuclear transcription factor NF-κB (p50, p65, and p105), IκBα (inhibitor of NF-κB), T-cell receptor (TCR) CD3ζ-chain, tyrosine kinase p56(LCK), and nuclear factor of activated T cells c2 (NF-ATc2) in peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells from patients with sarcoidosis. |
| 7882 | 21177920 | The reduced levels of p65 in sarcoid CD4(+) T cells concurred with decreased levels of p50, p105, CD3ζ, p56(LCK), IκBα, and NF-ATc2. |
| 7883 | 21177920 | Polyclonal stimulation of NF-κB-deficient sarcoid T cells resulted in reduced expression of CD69 and CD154, decreased proliferation, and cytokine (i.e., interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) production. |
| 7884 | 21181148 | The vaccinated groups also showed increased levels of Th1 cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ. |
| 7885 | 21186260 | Following tuberculin stimulation, activated CD4 T cells were identified by flow-cytometry (CD154 up-regulation, degranulation, interferon γ [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], and interleukin 2 [IL-2 production). |
| 7886 | 21186260 | Interestingly, CD154 up-regulation accounted for ∼80% of activated CD4 T cells in the active TB group but just 40% in the controls, whereas IFN-γ accounted for only ∼50% of activated cells in each group. |
| 7887 | 21199392 | For this purpose, serum concentration of interleukin 2 (IL2), interleukin 10 (IL10), interferon-gamma (IFNG), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) were measured in blood samples obtained from F(2) piglets (n = 334) of a Duroc × Piétrain resource population (DUPI) after Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae (Mh), tetanus toxoid (TT) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) vaccination at 6, 9 and 15 weeks of age. |
| 7888 | 21244466 | In this study, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-1β; Th1 cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β); and Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients was studied. |
| 7889 | 21244466 | PBMCs from the majority of patients (53-100%) spontaneously secreted detectable concentrations of all cytokines tested, except for IL2 (29%) and IL-10 (41%). |
| 7890 | 21244466 | In this study, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-1β; Th1 cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β); and Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients was studied. |
| 7891 | 21244466 | PBMCs from the majority of patients (53-100%) spontaneously secreted detectable concentrations of all cytokines tested, except for IL2 (29%) and IL-10 (41%). |
| 7892 | 21251901 | The CCS lipid also increases production of cytokines (mainly IFN gamma, IL-2 and IL-12) and co-stimulatory molecules' expression, which might further explain the robust adjuvantation of this liposome-based vaccine. |
| 7893 | 21257961 | The AdIiNS3 vaccination induced polyfunctional CD8(+) T cells characterized by coproduction of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2, and this cell phenotype is associated with good viral control. |
| 7894 | 21257961 | The memory CD8(+) T cells also expressed high levels of CD27 and CD127, which are markers of long-term survival and maintenance of T cell memory. |
| 7895 | 21266849 | Co-delivery of PSA and PSMA DNA vaccines with electroporation induces potent immune responses. |
| 7896 | 21266849 | We therefore developed highly optimized DNA vaccines encoding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a dual antigen approach to immune therapy of PCa. |
| 7897 | 21266849 | Both the PSA and PSMA vaccines induced robust antigen-specific IFNγ responses by ELISpot. |
| 7898 | 21266849 | Further characterization of cellular immunogenicity by flow cytometry indicated strong antigen-specific TNFα production by CD4+ T cells and IFNγ and IL-2 secretion by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 7899 | 21282337 | Anti-IL-23 monoclonal antibody synergizes in combination with targeted therapies or IL-2 to suppress tumor growth and metastases. |
| 7900 | 21282337 | We have shown that host interleukin (IL)-23 suppresses the innate immune response during carcinogenesis and metastasis, independently of effects on the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A. |
| 7901 | 21282337 | More notably, combinatorial treatments of anti-IL-23 mAb with IL-2 or anti-erbB2 mAb significantly inhibited subcutaneous growth of established mammary carcinomas and suppressed established experimental and spontaneous lung metastases. |
| 7902 | 21282337 | Overall, our results suggest the potential of anti-human IL-23 mAbs to improve the immunostimulatory effects of IL-2 and trastuzumab in the current management of some advanced human cancers. |
| 7903 | 21282337 | Anti-IL-23 monoclonal antibody synergizes in combination with targeted therapies or IL-2 to suppress tumor growth and metastases. |
| 7904 | 21282337 | We have shown that host interleukin (IL)-23 suppresses the innate immune response during carcinogenesis and metastasis, independently of effects on the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A. |
| 7905 | 21282337 | More notably, combinatorial treatments of anti-IL-23 mAb with IL-2 or anti-erbB2 mAb significantly inhibited subcutaneous growth of established mammary carcinomas and suppressed established experimental and spontaneous lung metastases. |
| 7906 | 21282337 | Overall, our results suggest the potential of anti-human IL-23 mAbs to improve the immunostimulatory effects of IL-2 and trastuzumab in the current management of some advanced human cancers. |
| 7907 | 21282337 | Anti-IL-23 monoclonal antibody synergizes in combination with targeted therapies or IL-2 to suppress tumor growth and metastases. |
| 7908 | 21282337 | We have shown that host interleukin (IL)-23 suppresses the innate immune response during carcinogenesis and metastasis, independently of effects on the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A. |
| 7909 | 21282337 | More notably, combinatorial treatments of anti-IL-23 mAb with IL-2 or anti-erbB2 mAb significantly inhibited subcutaneous growth of established mammary carcinomas and suppressed established experimental and spontaneous lung metastases. |
| 7910 | 21282337 | Overall, our results suggest the potential of anti-human IL-23 mAbs to improve the immunostimulatory effects of IL-2 and trastuzumab in the current management of some advanced human cancers. |
| 7911 | 21291968 | Specific cell-mediated immune responses such as lymphocyte transformation assay (stimulation-index) including release of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and nitric-oxide were determined. |
| 7912 | 21296978 | We found that the frequency of multifunctional T cells coexpressing IFN-γ and TNF-α with or without IL-2 induced by live C. muridarum most accurately correlated with the pattern of protection against C. muridarum genital tract infection, suggesting that IFN-γ(+)-producing CD4(+) T cells that highly coexpress TNF-α may be the optimal effector cells for protective immunity. |
| 7913 | 21300385 | Eleven soft tissue- and five osteosarcoma canine patients were subjected to: (i) periodic subcutaneous injection of irradiated xenogeneic cells secreting hGM-CSF and hIL-2 mixed with allogeneic or autologous tumor homogenates; and (ii) injections of cIFN-β and HSVtk-carrying lipoplexes and ganciclovir, marginal (after surgery) and/or intratumoral (in the case of partial tumor resection, local relapse or small surface tumors). |
| 7914 | 21314288 | This antitumor immune effect of IR/DC was enhanced by pretreatment with CTX (CTX+IR/DC) and this effect was related with increased number of tumor-specific IFN-γ secreting T cells and decreased ratio of CD4(+)CD25(+)/CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7915 | 21314288 | The treatment with CTX+IR/DC increased or decreased the levels of IL-2 or IL-10, respectively. |
| 7916 | 21317390 | The efficacy of two SIV DNA plus recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara nasal vaccine regimens, one combined with plasmids expressing IL-2 and IL-15, the other with plasmids expressing GM-CSF, IL-12, and TNF-α, which may better stimulate humoral responses, was evaluated in two female rhesus macaque groups. |
| 7917 | 21317390 | There was a statistically significant correlation between levels of CD4(+)/IFN-γ(+) and CD8(+)/IFN-γ(+) T cell percentages on the day of challenge and the control of viremia at week 60 postchallenge or survival. |
| 7918 | 21317390 | Postchallenge immunological correlates of protection were systemic anti-SIV Gag + Env CD4(+)/IL-2(+), CD4(+)/IFN-γ(+), and CD8(+)/TNF-α(+) T cells and vaginal anti-SIV Gag + Env CD8(+) T cell total monofunctional responses. |
| 7919 | 21317390 | The efficacy of two SIV DNA plus recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara nasal vaccine regimens, one combined with plasmids expressing IL-2 and IL-15, the other with plasmids expressing GM-CSF, IL-12, and TNF-α, which may better stimulate humoral responses, was evaluated in two female rhesus macaque groups. |
| 7920 | 21317390 | There was a statistically significant correlation between levels of CD4(+)/IFN-γ(+) and CD8(+)/IFN-γ(+) T cell percentages on the day of challenge and the control of viremia at week 60 postchallenge or survival. |
| 7921 | 21317390 | Postchallenge immunological correlates of protection were systemic anti-SIV Gag + Env CD4(+)/IL-2(+), CD4(+)/IFN-γ(+), and CD8(+)/TNF-α(+) T cells and vaginal anti-SIV Gag + Env CD8(+) T cell total monofunctional responses. |
| 7922 | 21330170 | Vaccination of goats with DNA vaccines encoding H11 and IL-2 induces partial protection against Haemonchus contortus infection. |
| 7923 | 21330170 | On days 0 and 14, group 1 was immunised with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2 and group 2 was immunised with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 only. |
| 7924 | 21330170 | Transcription of H11 and IL-2 was demonstrated in muscle by reverse transcriptase-PCR 10 days after primary immunisation and translation of H11 was detected by Western blot analysis 7 days after the second immunisation. |
| 7925 | 21330170 | Following immunisation with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2, high levels of specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, non-specific serum IgA, mucosal IgA, CD4(+) T lymphocytes, CD8(+) T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were produced. |
| 7926 | 21330170 | Use of a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2 conferred partial protection against Haemonchus contortus infection in goats. |
| 7927 | 21330170 | Vaccination of goats with DNA vaccines encoding H11 and IL-2 induces partial protection against Haemonchus contortus infection. |
| 7928 | 21330170 | On days 0 and 14, group 1 was immunised with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2 and group 2 was immunised with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 only. |
| 7929 | 21330170 | Transcription of H11 and IL-2 was demonstrated in muscle by reverse transcriptase-PCR 10 days after primary immunisation and translation of H11 was detected by Western blot analysis 7 days after the second immunisation. |
| 7930 | 21330170 | Following immunisation with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2, high levels of specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, non-specific serum IgA, mucosal IgA, CD4(+) T lymphocytes, CD8(+) T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were produced. |
| 7931 | 21330170 | Use of a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2 conferred partial protection against Haemonchus contortus infection in goats. |
| 7932 | 21330170 | Vaccination of goats with DNA vaccines encoding H11 and IL-2 induces partial protection against Haemonchus contortus infection. |
| 7933 | 21330170 | On days 0 and 14, group 1 was immunised with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2 and group 2 was immunised with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 only. |
| 7934 | 21330170 | Transcription of H11 and IL-2 was demonstrated in muscle by reverse transcriptase-PCR 10 days after primary immunisation and translation of H11 was detected by Western blot analysis 7 days after the second immunisation. |
| 7935 | 21330170 | Following immunisation with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2, high levels of specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, non-specific serum IgA, mucosal IgA, CD4(+) T lymphocytes, CD8(+) T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were produced. |
| 7936 | 21330170 | Use of a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2 conferred partial protection against Haemonchus contortus infection in goats. |
| 7937 | 21330170 | Vaccination of goats with DNA vaccines encoding H11 and IL-2 induces partial protection against Haemonchus contortus infection. |
| 7938 | 21330170 | On days 0 and 14, group 1 was immunised with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2 and group 2 was immunised with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 only. |
| 7939 | 21330170 | Transcription of H11 and IL-2 was demonstrated in muscle by reverse transcriptase-PCR 10 days after primary immunisation and translation of H11 was detected by Western blot analysis 7 days after the second immunisation. |
| 7940 | 21330170 | Following immunisation with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2, high levels of specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, non-specific serum IgA, mucosal IgA, CD4(+) T lymphocytes, CD8(+) T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were produced. |
| 7941 | 21330170 | Use of a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2 conferred partial protection against Haemonchus contortus infection in goats. |
| 7942 | 21330170 | Vaccination of goats with DNA vaccines encoding H11 and IL-2 induces partial protection against Haemonchus contortus infection. |
| 7943 | 21330170 | On days 0 and 14, group 1 was immunised with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2 and group 2 was immunised with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 only. |
| 7944 | 21330170 | Transcription of H11 and IL-2 was demonstrated in muscle by reverse transcriptase-PCR 10 days after primary immunisation and translation of H11 was detected by Western blot analysis 7 days after the second immunisation. |
| 7945 | 21330170 | Following immunisation with a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2, high levels of specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, non-specific serum IgA, mucosal IgA, CD4(+) T lymphocytes, CD8(+) T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were produced. |
| 7946 | 21330170 | Use of a DNA vaccine expressing H11 and IL-2 conferred partial protection against Haemonchus contortus infection in goats. |
| 7947 | 21338678 | Antigen-specific monofunctional CD4 T cells expressing single cytokines and MFT CD4 T cells expressing multiple cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α, IFN-γ and IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2, and all three cytokines) were identified after the immunizations. |
| 7948 | 21338678 | Interestingly, compared to the monofunctional cells, significantly higher median fluorescent intensities (MFIs) for IFN-γ and TNF-α were detected for triple-positive MFT CD4 T cells induced by the most protective vaccines while modest differences in relative MFI values were seen for the less protective preparations. |
| 7949 | 21347287 | A DNA vaccine encoding multiple HIV CD4 epitopes elicits vigorous polyfunctional, long-lived CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 7950 | 21347287 | CD4(+) T cells are important for the generation and maintenance of functional CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells. |
| 7951 | 21347287 | Immunized mice displayed high-magnitude, broad CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell responses, and 8/18 vaccine-encoded peptides were recognized. |
| 7952 | 21347287 | In addition, HIVBr18 immunization was able to induce polyfunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that proliferate and produce any two cytokines (IFNγ/TNFα, IFNγ/IL-2 or TNFα/IL-2) simultaneously in response to HIV-1 peptides. |
| 7953 | 21347287 | For CD4(+) T cells exclusively, we also detected cells that proliferate and produce all three tested cytokines simultaneously (IFNγ/TNFα/IL-2). |
| 7954 | 21347287 | By virtue of inducing broad, polyfunctional and long-lived T cell responses against conserved CD4(+) T cell epitopes, combined administration of this vaccine concept may provide sustained help for CD8(+) T cells and antibody responses- elicited by other HIV immunogens. |
| 7955 | 21347287 | A DNA vaccine encoding multiple HIV CD4 epitopes elicits vigorous polyfunctional, long-lived CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 7956 | 21347287 | CD4(+) T cells are important for the generation and maintenance of functional CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells. |
| 7957 | 21347287 | Immunized mice displayed high-magnitude, broad CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell responses, and 8/18 vaccine-encoded peptides were recognized. |
| 7958 | 21347287 | In addition, HIVBr18 immunization was able to induce polyfunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that proliferate and produce any two cytokines (IFNγ/TNFα, IFNγ/IL-2 or TNFα/IL-2) simultaneously in response to HIV-1 peptides. |
| 7959 | 21347287 | For CD4(+) T cells exclusively, we also detected cells that proliferate and produce all three tested cytokines simultaneously (IFNγ/TNFα/IL-2). |
| 7960 | 21347287 | By virtue of inducing broad, polyfunctional and long-lived T cell responses against conserved CD4(+) T cell epitopes, combined administration of this vaccine concept may provide sustained help for CD8(+) T cells and antibody responses- elicited by other HIV immunogens. |
| 7961 | 21351824 | Both GNPs and AGNPs demonstrated comparable IgG response and a significantly higher (p < 0.05) cytokine response (IL-2 and IFN γ) as compared to alum-TT vaccine. |
| 7962 | 21354949 | The results show that cells stimulated to produce IFN-α and IFN-γ enter the circulating blood but those stimulated to produce IL-2 do not, or in very low number, and the IFN responses to both vaccines are the same. |
| 7963 | 21364747 | T cell depletion, T cell knockout and T cell adoptive transfer experiments suggest that both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells contribute to HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination with CD8(+) T cells being the primary inducers. |
| 7964 | 21369988 | A combination of RENCA lysates and AbOmpA up-regulated the surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86, and the antigen presenting molecules, major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and class II, in DCs. |
| 7965 | 21369988 | DCs pulsed with a combination of CA9 and AbOmpA effectively secreted IL-12 but not IL-10. |
| 7966 | 21369988 | DCs pulsed with CA9 and AbOmpA elicited the secretion of interferon-γ and IL-2 in T cells. |
| 7967 | 21371582 | Two weeks later, OVA specific antibodies in serum; concanavalin A (Con A), OVA stimulated splenocyte proliferation, CD4/CD8/CD80/CD86 analysis in spleen cells and its estimation of cytokines (IL-2 and IFN gamma) from cell culture supernatant were measured. |
| 7968 | 21371582 | At a dose of 80 μg (p<0.001), there was a significant increase in the CD4/CD8 and CD80/CD86 analysis in spleen cells and cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) profile in the spleen cell culture supernatant was observed. |
| 7969 | 21371582 | Two weeks later, OVA specific antibodies in serum; concanavalin A (Con A), OVA stimulated splenocyte proliferation, CD4/CD8/CD80/CD86 analysis in spleen cells and its estimation of cytokines (IL-2 and IFN gamma) from cell culture supernatant were measured. |
| 7970 | 21371582 | At a dose of 80 μg (p<0.001), there was a significant increase in the CD4/CD8 and CD80/CD86 analysis in spleen cells and cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) profile in the spleen cell culture supernatant was observed. |
| 7971 | 21374321 | It now appears that various types of immunomodulatory molecules such as cytokines (IL-1 [1], IL-2 [2], IL-12 [3], IFN-γ [4], IL-7 [5-7], and GM-CSF [8,9]), chemokines (TCA-3 [10], RANTES [11], MIP-1 [11]), and costimulatory molecules (CD40L [12], B7-1 [13] and B7-2 [14]) could enhance or modify the specific immune responses elicited by DNA immunization (see Table 1). |
| 7972 | 21374321 | Cytokine proteins IL-1 Antibody (Ab) ↑ (23,24) IL-2 Ab ↑ (2,25,26) IL-12 TH1(DTH) ↑ (3) IFN-γ Ab, DTH ↑ (4,25,27) GM-CSF Ab ↑ (28,29) B. |
| 7973 | 21374321 | Expression plasmids IL-12 CTL ↑(i.m. and i.n.) (15,21,22,30) DTH ↑(i.m. and i.n.) (5,21) Ab →(i.m. and i.n.) (15,22) GM-CSF Ab ↑(i.m.) (9,18,22 CTL ↑(i.m.) (18) (3)H-TdR uptake ↑(i.m.) (9) TCA3 CTL ↑(i.m.) (31) DTH ↑(i.m.) (31) Ab →(i.m.) (31) B7-1 CTL →(i.m.) (19) DTH →(i.m.) (19) Ab →(i.m.) (19) B7-2 CTL ↑(i.m.) (19) DTH ↑(i.m.) (19) Ab →(i.m.) (19) CD40(L) Ab →(i.m.) |
| 7974 | 21374321 | It now appears that various types of immunomodulatory molecules such as cytokines (IL-1 [1], IL-2 [2], IL-12 [3], IFN-γ [4], IL-7 [5-7], and GM-CSF [8,9]), chemokines (TCA-3 [10], RANTES [11], MIP-1 [11]), and costimulatory molecules (CD40L [12], B7-1 [13] and B7-2 [14]) could enhance or modify the specific immune responses elicited by DNA immunization (see Table 1). |
| 7975 | 21374321 | Cytokine proteins IL-1 Antibody (Ab) ↑ (23,24) IL-2 Ab ↑ (2,25,26) IL-12 TH1(DTH) ↑ (3) IFN-γ Ab, DTH ↑ (4,25,27) GM-CSF Ab ↑ (28,29) B. |
| 7976 | 21374321 | Expression plasmids IL-12 CTL ↑(i.m. and i.n.) (15,21,22,30) DTH ↑(i.m. and i.n.) (5,21) Ab →(i.m. and i.n.) (15,22) GM-CSF Ab ↑(i.m.) (9,18,22 CTL ↑(i.m.) (18) (3)H-TdR uptake ↑(i.m.) (9) TCA3 CTL ↑(i.m.) (31) DTH ↑(i.m.) (31) Ab →(i.m.) (31) B7-1 CTL →(i.m.) (19) DTH →(i.m.) (19) Ab →(i.m.) (19) B7-2 CTL ↑(i.m.) (19) DTH ↑(i.m.) (19) Ab →(i.m.) (19) CD40(L) Ab →(i.m.) |
| 7977 | 21374323 | Some tumor antigens are specific for activated cells of certain types, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or the IL-2 receptor. |
| 7978 | 21408149 | To obtain data on Th1 or Th2 dominance of the immune response in adolescents receiving an aP booster immunization after a wcP or aP primary immunization, we analyzed the concentration of Th1 (IL-2, TNF-α, INF-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokines in supernatants of lymphocyte cultures specifically stimulated with pertussis antigens. |
| 7979 | 21408149 | The vaccination also induces an increase in peripheral CD8(+)CD69(+) activated pertussis-specific memory T cells four weeks after vaccination. |
| 7980 | 21412284 | We have found that coinfection of HSV-IL-2-infected mice with recombinant viruses expressing IL-12p35, IL-12p40 or IL-12p35+IL-12p40 did not block the CNS demyelination, and that coinfection with a recombinant virus expressing interferon (IFN)-γ exacerbated it. |
| 7981 | 21412284 | In contrast, coinfection with a recombinant virus expressing IL-4 reduced demyelination, whereas coinfection of HSV-IL-2-infected mice with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing the IL-12 heterodimer (HSV-IL-12p70) blocked the CNS demyelination in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 7982 | 21412284 | Injection of mice with IL-12p35 DNA, IL-12p40 DNA, IL-12p35+IL-12p40 DNA or IL-23 DNA did not have any effect on HSV-IL-2-induced demyelination, whereas injection of IL-27 DNA increased the severity of the CNS demyelination in the HSV-IL-2-infected mice. |
| 7983 | 21412284 | This study demonstrates for the first time that IL-12p70 can block HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination and that IL-35 can also reduce this demyelination, whereas IFN-γ and IL-27 exacerbated the demyelination in the CNS of the HSV-IL-2-infected mice. |
| 7984 | 21412284 | We have found that coinfection of HSV-IL-2-infected mice with recombinant viruses expressing IL-12p35, IL-12p40 or IL-12p35+IL-12p40 did not block the CNS demyelination, and that coinfection with a recombinant virus expressing interferon (IFN)-γ exacerbated it. |
| 7985 | 21412284 | In contrast, coinfection with a recombinant virus expressing IL-4 reduced demyelination, whereas coinfection of HSV-IL-2-infected mice with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing the IL-12 heterodimer (HSV-IL-12p70) blocked the CNS demyelination in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 7986 | 21412284 | Injection of mice with IL-12p35 DNA, IL-12p40 DNA, IL-12p35+IL-12p40 DNA or IL-23 DNA did not have any effect on HSV-IL-2-induced demyelination, whereas injection of IL-27 DNA increased the severity of the CNS demyelination in the HSV-IL-2-infected mice. |
| 7987 | 21412284 | This study demonstrates for the first time that IL-12p70 can block HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination and that IL-35 can also reduce this demyelination, whereas IFN-γ and IL-27 exacerbated the demyelination in the CNS of the HSV-IL-2-infected mice. |
| 7988 | 21412284 | We have found that coinfection of HSV-IL-2-infected mice with recombinant viruses expressing IL-12p35, IL-12p40 or IL-12p35+IL-12p40 did not block the CNS demyelination, and that coinfection with a recombinant virus expressing interferon (IFN)-γ exacerbated it. |
| 7989 | 21412284 | In contrast, coinfection with a recombinant virus expressing IL-4 reduced demyelination, whereas coinfection of HSV-IL-2-infected mice with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing the IL-12 heterodimer (HSV-IL-12p70) blocked the CNS demyelination in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 7990 | 21412284 | Injection of mice with IL-12p35 DNA, IL-12p40 DNA, IL-12p35+IL-12p40 DNA or IL-23 DNA did not have any effect on HSV-IL-2-induced demyelination, whereas injection of IL-27 DNA increased the severity of the CNS demyelination in the HSV-IL-2-infected mice. |
| 7991 | 21412284 | This study demonstrates for the first time that IL-12p70 can block HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination and that IL-35 can also reduce this demyelination, whereas IFN-γ and IL-27 exacerbated the demyelination in the CNS of the HSV-IL-2-infected mice. |
| 7992 | 21412284 | We have found that coinfection of HSV-IL-2-infected mice with recombinant viruses expressing IL-12p35, IL-12p40 or IL-12p35+IL-12p40 did not block the CNS demyelination, and that coinfection with a recombinant virus expressing interferon (IFN)-γ exacerbated it. |
| 7993 | 21412284 | In contrast, coinfection with a recombinant virus expressing IL-4 reduced demyelination, whereas coinfection of HSV-IL-2-infected mice with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing the IL-12 heterodimer (HSV-IL-12p70) blocked the CNS demyelination in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 7994 | 21412284 | Injection of mice with IL-12p35 DNA, IL-12p40 DNA, IL-12p35+IL-12p40 DNA or IL-23 DNA did not have any effect on HSV-IL-2-induced demyelination, whereas injection of IL-27 DNA increased the severity of the CNS demyelination in the HSV-IL-2-infected mice. |
| 7995 | 21412284 | This study demonstrates for the first time that IL-12p70 can block HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination and that IL-35 can also reduce this demyelination, whereas IFN-γ and IL-27 exacerbated the demyelination in the CNS of the HSV-IL-2-infected mice. |
| 7996 | 21422474 | To determine whether patients receiving HAART possess CD8+ T cells with Tcm qualities that are amenable to augmentation, HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell clones were derived from HIV-reactive CD28+CD8+ T-cell lines isolated from 7 HIV+ HAART-treated patients, expanded ex vivo, and reinfused into their autologous host. |
| 7997 | 21422474 | Tracking of the cells in vivo revealed that clones could persist for ≥ 84 days, maintain expression and/or re-express CD28, up-regulate CD62L, secrete IL-2, proliferate on cognate Ag encounter and localize to the rectal mucosa. |
| 7998 | 21424118 | Targeting of IL-2 and GM-CSF immunocytokines to a tumor vaccine leads to increased anti-tumor activity. |
| 7999 | 21424118 | Fusion proteins combining antibodies with cytokines such as IL-2 and GM-CSF appear to be promising reagents for tumor therapy. |
| 8000 | 21424118 | The two fusion proteins bsF-GMCSF and tsHN-IL2-GM-CSF, binding, respectively, to the viral fusion protein (F) or to hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) expressed on the surface of the vaccine cells and containing GM-CSF or GM-CSF and IL-2-activities were produced by recombinant antibody technology. |
| 8001 | 21424118 | Furthermore, it was shown that CD14+ monocytes could be activated by the GM-CSF cytokine fused within the recombinant proteins and that they contributed essentially to the antitumor effect in the TNA. |
| 8002 | 21424118 | The data presented here suggest an easy way for a broad clinical development and application of tumor-targeted IL-2- and GM-CSF-based immunocytokines based on the associated increase of anti-tumor activity mediated by T cells and monocytes. |
| 8003 | 21424118 | Targeting of IL-2 and GM-CSF immunocytokines to a tumor vaccine leads to increased anti-tumor activity. |
| 8004 | 21424118 | Fusion proteins combining antibodies with cytokines such as IL-2 and GM-CSF appear to be promising reagents for tumor therapy. |
| 8005 | 21424118 | The two fusion proteins bsF-GMCSF and tsHN-IL2-GM-CSF, binding, respectively, to the viral fusion protein (F) or to hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) expressed on the surface of the vaccine cells and containing GM-CSF or GM-CSF and IL-2-activities were produced by recombinant antibody technology. |
| 8006 | 21424118 | Furthermore, it was shown that CD14+ monocytes could be activated by the GM-CSF cytokine fused within the recombinant proteins and that they contributed essentially to the antitumor effect in the TNA. |
| 8007 | 21424118 | The data presented here suggest an easy way for a broad clinical development and application of tumor-targeted IL-2- and GM-CSF-based immunocytokines based on the associated increase of anti-tumor activity mediated by T cells and monocytes. |
| 8008 | 21424118 | Targeting of IL-2 and GM-CSF immunocytokines to a tumor vaccine leads to increased anti-tumor activity. |
| 8009 | 21424118 | Fusion proteins combining antibodies with cytokines such as IL-2 and GM-CSF appear to be promising reagents for tumor therapy. |
| 8010 | 21424118 | The two fusion proteins bsF-GMCSF and tsHN-IL2-GM-CSF, binding, respectively, to the viral fusion protein (F) or to hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) expressed on the surface of the vaccine cells and containing GM-CSF or GM-CSF and IL-2-activities were produced by recombinant antibody technology. |
| 8011 | 21424118 | Furthermore, it was shown that CD14+ monocytes could be activated by the GM-CSF cytokine fused within the recombinant proteins and that they contributed essentially to the antitumor effect in the TNA. |
| 8012 | 21424118 | The data presented here suggest an easy way for a broad clinical development and application of tumor-targeted IL-2- and GM-CSF-based immunocytokines based on the associated increase of anti-tumor activity mediated by T cells and monocytes. |
| 8013 | 21424118 | Targeting of IL-2 and GM-CSF immunocytokines to a tumor vaccine leads to increased anti-tumor activity. |
| 8014 | 21424118 | Fusion proteins combining antibodies with cytokines such as IL-2 and GM-CSF appear to be promising reagents for tumor therapy. |
| 8015 | 21424118 | The two fusion proteins bsF-GMCSF and tsHN-IL2-GM-CSF, binding, respectively, to the viral fusion protein (F) or to hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) expressed on the surface of the vaccine cells and containing GM-CSF or GM-CSF and IL-2-activities were produced by recombinant antibody technology. |
| 8016 | 21424118 | Furthermore, it was shown that CD14+ monocytes could be activated by the GM-CSF cytokine fused within the recombinant proteins and that they contributed essentially to the antitumor effect in the TNA. |
| 8017 | 21424118 | The data presented here suggest an easy way for a broad clinical development and application of tumor-targeted IL-2- and GM-CSF-based immunocytokines based on the associated increase of anti-tumor activity mediated by T cells and monocytes. |
| 8018 | 21424379 | The major alleles of coding SNPs in the TLR2 (rs3804100) and TLR4 (rs5030710) genes were associated with a dose-related increase (660 vs. 892 mIU/ml, p = 0.002) and a dose-related decrease (2,209 vs. 830 mIU/ml, p = 0.001) in measles-specific antibodies, respectively. |
| 8019 | 21424379 | We observed an additional 12 associations (p < 0.01) between coding (nonsynonymous and synonymous) polymorphisms within the TLRs (TLR2, 7, and 8), IKBKE, TICAM1, NFKBIA, IRAK2, and KIAA1542 genes and variations in measles-specific IL-2, IL-6, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IFNλ-1, and TNF-α secretion levels. |
| 8020 | 21427227 | EspC contained broadly recognized CD4(+) and CD8(+) epitopes, inducing a predominantly CD4(+) T-cell response that comprised functional T-cell subsets secreting both IFN-γ and IL-2 as well as functional T-cell subsets secreting only IFN-γ. |
| 8021 | 21439315 | Extracellular vesicles purified from the Ag-pulsed DCs expressed surface proteins associated with DC-derived exosomes, including major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHC I and MHC II), CD80, flotillin, and heat shock protein (HSP70). |
| 8022 | 21439315 | Chickens immunized with pulsed DCs or exosomes exhibited (a) higher numbers of caecal tonsil and spleen cells expressing IgG and/or IgA antibodies that were reactive with E. tenella Ag, (b) greater numbers of IL-2-, IL-16-, and IFN-γ-producing cells, and (c) higher E. tenella Ag-driven cell proliferation, compared with chickens immunized with Ag in the absence of DCs or exosomes. |
| 8023 | 21443961 | The results were found that compared to those of the control piglets injected with VR1020-CNP, the content of IgG, IgA and IgM, specific antibodies, IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ significantly increased in the sera from the treated three groups from 14 to 70 days after vaccination (P<0.05); the number of T(H), T(C) and CD3(+) positive T cells raised obviously in the blood of VPIL6C treated piglets (P<0.05). |
| 8024 | 21443963 | Supernatants from in vitro stimulated PBMC were tested for cytokines associated with a T(H)1 or T(H)2 T-cell response (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-5) and only IFN-γ was associated with protection against fever and/or viremia. |
| 8025 | 21448311 | Similar levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokines were detected in serum of vaccinated compared with non vaccinated subjects (p > 0.05), as well as between vaccinated adults compared with vaccinated children and non vaccinated subjects (p > 0.05). |
| 8026 | 21450979 | Splenocytes from mice who had received OMPC with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine produced significantly more interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) than splenocytes from mice who received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) plus the conjugate vaccine. |
| 8027 | 21460206 | Prolonged antitumor NK cell reactivity elicited by CXCL10-expressing dendritic cells licensed by CD40L+ CD4+ memory T cells. |
| 8028 | 21460206 | One month after DC immunization, injection of a tumor into DC-immunized mice leads to an increase in the expression of CXCL10 by endogenous DCs, thus directing NK cells into the white pulp where the endogenous DCs bridged CD4(+) T(EM) cells and NK cells. |
| 8029 | 21460206 | In this interaction, CD4(+) T(EM) cells express CD40L, which matures the endogenous DCs, and produce cytokines, such as IL-2, which activates NK cells. |
| 8030 | 21467219 | We compared in nonhuman primates (NHPs) immune responses to HIV Gag p24 within 3G9 antibody to DEC205 ("DEC-HIV Gag p24"), an uptake receptor on dendritic cells, to nontargeted protein, with or without poly ICLC, a synthetic double stranded RNA, as adjuvant. |
| 8031 | 21467219 | Priming s.c. with 60 μg of both HIV Gag p24 vaccines elicited potent CD4(+) T cells secreting IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, which also proliferated. |
| 8032 | 21467219 | DEC-HIV Gag p24 showed better cross-priming for CD8(+) T cells, whereas the avidity of anti-Gag antibodies was ∼10-fold higher with nontargeted Gag 24 protein. |
| 8033 | 21467219 | Gag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses increased markedly after priming with both protein vaccines and poly ICLC. |
| 8034 | 21469087 | CD38 identifies a hypo-proliferative IL-13-secreting CD4+ T-cell subset that does not fit into existing naive and memory phenotype paradigms. |
| 8035 | 21469087 | Herein, we show that CD38 expression identifies a hypo-proliferative CD4(+) T-cell subset that, following TCR stimulation, retains expression of naive cell surface markers including CD45RA, CD62L and CCR7. |
| 8036 | 21469087 | Hypo-proliferation was mediated by reduced CD25 up-regulation upon TCR stimulation compared to CD4(+) CD38(-) cells and lack of responsiveness to exogenous IL-2. |
| 8037 | 21469087 | Instead, CD4(+) CD38(+) T cells expressed CD127, and hypo-proliferation was reversed by addition of IL-7, further associated with increased STAT5 phosphorylation. |
| 8038 | 21469087 | Activated CD4(+) CD38(+) cells had a bias towards IL-13 secretion, but not other Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 8039 | 21469087 | In comparison, the CD4(+) CD38(-) cells had a clear bias towards secretion of Th1-associated cytokines IFN-γ and TNF. |
| 8040 | 21469087 | The existence of such CD4(+) CD38(+) T cells may play an important role in pathologies such as asthma, which are associated with IL-13, but not IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 8041 | 21469087 | Coupled with responsiveness to IL-7 but not IL-2, and the involvement of CD38 ligation, our results highlight a unique T-cell subpopulation that does not fit into existing naive and memory cell paradigms. |
| 8042 | 21469087 | CD38 identifies a hypo-proliferative IL-13-secreting CD4+ T-cell subset that does not fit into existing naive and memory phenotype paradigms. |
| 8043 | 21469087 | Herein, we show that CD38 expression identifies a hypo-proliferative CD4(+) T-cell subset that, following TCR stimulation, retains expression of naive cell surface markers including CD45RA, CD62L and CCR7. |
| 8044 | 21469087 | Hypo-proliferation was mediated by reduced CD25 up-regulation upon TCR stimulation compared to CD4(+) CD38(-) cells and lack of responsiveness to exogenous IL-2. |
| 8045 | 21469087 | Instead, CD4(+) CD38(+) T cells expressed CD127, and hypo-proliferation was reversed by addition of IL-7, further associated with increased STAT5 phosphorylation. |
| 8046 | 21469087 | Activated CD4(+) CD38(+) cells had a bias towards IL-13 secretion, but not other Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 8047 | 21469087 | In comparison, the CD4(+) CD38(-) cells had a clear bias towards secretion of Th1-associated cytokines IFN-γ and TNF. |
| 8048 | 21469087 | The existence of such CD4(+) CD38(+) T cells may play an important role in pathologies such as asthma, which are associated with IL-13, but not IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 8049 | 21469087 | Coupled with responsiveness to IL-7 but not IL-2, and the involvement of CD38 ligation, our results highlight a unique T-cell subpopulation that does not fit into existing naive and memory cell paradigms. |
| 8050 | 21482422 | The result showed that three adjuvants could enhance antibody titer, T lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and IL-4 secretion of splenic lymphocyte. |
| 8051 | 21482422 | The result showed that propolis and oilemulsion could enhance the antibody titer, IL-2 and IL-4 content in serum and decrease the PPV content in blood and viscera. |
| 8052 | 21482422 | The result showed that three adjuvants could enhance antibody titer, T lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and IL-4 secretion of splenic lymphocyte. |
| 8053 | 21482422 | The result showed that propolis and oilemulsion could enhance the antibody titer, IL-2 and IL-4 content in serum and decrease the PPV content in blood and viscera. |
| 8054 | 21482735 | Differential outcome of IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex therapy on effector and memory CD8+ T cells following vaccination with an adenoviral vector encoding EBV epitopes. |
| 8055 | 21482735 | In this study, we demonstrate that IL-2 complex therapy can have discerning effects on CD8(+) T cells depending on their stage of differentiation. |
| 8056 | 21482735 | To delineate the underlying mechanism for these opposing effects on CD8(+) T cells, we examined the effects of IL-2 therapy during early priming, effector, and memory phases of T cell responses generated following immunization with an adenoviral vector encoding multiple EBV CD8(+) epitopes. |
| 8057 | 21482735 | IL-2 complex treatment during the early priming phase, which coincided with low levels of IL-2Rβ (CD122) and higher levels of IL-2Rα (CD25) on CD8(+) T cells, did not induce the expansion of effector T cells. |
| 8058 | 21482735 | These studies demonstrate how differentiation status of the responding CD8(+) T cells impacts on their responsiveness to IL-2 complexes and highlight that timing of treatment should be considered before implementing this therapy in a clinical setting. |
| 8059 | 21482735 | Differential outcome of IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex therapy on effector and memory CD8+ T cells following vaccination with an adenoviral vector encoding EBV epitopes. |
| 8060 | 21482735 | In this study, we demonstrate that IL-2 complex therapy can have discerning effects on CD8(+) T cells depending on their stage of differentiation. |
| 8061 | 21482735 | To delineate the underlying mechanism for these opposing effects on CD8(+) T cells, we examined the effects of IL-2 therapy during early priming, effector, and memory phases of T cell responses generated following immunization with an adenoviral vector encoding multiple EBV CD8(+) epitopes. |
| 8062 | 21482735 | IL-2 complex treatment during the early priming phase, which coincided with low levels of IL-2Rβ (CD122) and higher levels of IL-2Rα (CD25) on CD8(+) T cells, did not induce the expansion of effector T cells. |
| 8063 | 21482735 | These studies demonstrate how differentiation status of the responding CD8(+) T cells impacts on their responsiveness to IL-2 complexes and highlight that timing of treatment should be considered before implementing this therapy in a clinical setting. |
| 8064 | 21482735 | Differential outcome of IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex therapy on effector and memory CD8+ T cells following vaccination with an adenoviral vector encoding EBV epitopes. |
| 8065 | 21482735 | In this study, we demonstrate that IL-2 complex therapy can have discerning effects on CD8(+) T cells depending on their stage of differentiation. |
| 8066 | 21482735 | To delineate the underlying mechanism for these opposing effects on CD8(+) T cells, we examined the effects of IL-2 therapy during early priming, effector, and memory phases of T cell responses generated following immunization with an adenoviral vector encoding multiple EBV CD8(+) epitopes. |
| 8067 | 21482735 | IL-2 complex treatment during the early priming phase, which coincided with low levels of IL-2Rβ (CD122) and higher levels of IL-2Rα (CD25) on CD8(+) T cells, did not induce the expansion of effector T cells. |
| 8068 | 21482735 | These studies demonstrate how differentiation status of the responding CD8(+) T cells impacts on their responsiveness to IL-2 complexes and highlight that timing of treatment should be considered before implementing this therapy in a clinical setting. |
| 8069 | 21482735 | Differential outcome of IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex therapy on effector and memory CD8+ T cells following vaccination with an adenoviral vector encoding EBV epitopes. |
| 8070 | 21482735 | In this study, we demonstrate that IL-2 complex therapy can have discerning effects on CD8(+) T cells depending on their stage of differentiation. |
| 8071 | 21482735 | To delineate the underlying mechanism for these opposing effects on CD8(+) T cells, we examined the effects of IL-2 therapy during early priming, effector, and memory phases of T cell responses generated following immunization with an adenoviral vector encoding multiple EBV CD8(+) epitopes. |
| 8072 | 21482735 | IL-2 complex treatment during the early priming phase, which coincided with low levels of IL-2Rβ (CD122) and higher levels of IL-2Rα (CD25) on CD8(+) T cells, did not induce the expansion of effector T cells. |
| 8073 | 21482735 | These studies demonstrate how differentiation status of the responding CD8(+) T cells impacts on their responsiveness to IL-2 complexes and highlight that timing of treatment should be considered before implementing this therapy in a clinical setting. |
| 8074 | 21482735 | Differential outcome of IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex therapy on effector and memory CD8+ T cells following vaccination with an adenoviral vector encoding EBV epitopes. |
| 8075 | 21482735 | In this study, we demonstrate that IL-2 complex therapy can have discerning effects on CD8(+) T cells depending on their stage of differentiation. |
| 8076 | 21482735 | To delineate the underlying mechanism for these opposing effects on CD8(+) T cells, we examined the effects of IL-2 therapy during early priming, effector, and memory phases of T cell responses generated following immunization with an adenoviral vector encoding multiple EBV CD8(+) epitopes. |
| 8077 | 21482735 | IL-2 complex treatment during the early priming phase, which coincided with low levels of IL-2Rβ (CD122) and higher levels of IL-2Rα (CD25) on CD8(+) T cells, did not induce the expansion of effector T cells. |
| 8078 | 21482735 | These studies demonstrate how differentiation status of the responding CD8(+) T cells impacts on their responsiveness to IL-2 complexes and highlight that timing of treatment should be considered before implementing this therapy in a clinical setting. |
| 8079 | 21491085 | In this study, we created a lentivirus expressing the AFP antigen and investigated the anti-tumor activity of AFP-specific CD8+ T cells, with and without CD4+ T cells, which were activated by either AFP peptide-pulsed or Lenti-AFP-engineered Dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and in vivo. |
| 8080 | 21491085 | AFP-specific T cells could efficiently kill HepG2 HCC cells, and produced IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, perforin and granzyme B, with minimal production of IL-10 (a negative regulator of T cell activation). |
| 8081 | 21502499 | Adenovirus type-35 vectors block human CD4+ T-cell activation via CD46 ligation. |
| 8082 | 21502499 | Whereas rAd5 binds coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR), rAd35 binds the complement regulatory protein CD46. |
| 8083 | 21502499 | Although rAd35 infected and phenotypically matured human blood dendritic cells (DCs) more efficiently than rAd5, we show here that rAd35 markedly suppressed DC-induced activation of naive CD4(+) T cells. rAd35 specifically blocked both DCs and anti-CD3/CD28 mAb-induced naive T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production. |
| 8084 | 21502499 | Our findings provide insights into the basic biology of adenoviruses and indicate that CD46 binding may have an impact on the generation of primary CD4(+) T-cell responses by Ad35. |
| 8085 | 21528325 | Tumour vaccines expressing IL-2, CD80, and IL-2 plus CD80 gene. |
| 8086 | 21528325 | Experiments were designed to investigate immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of tumour vaccines constructed by transfection of poorly immunogenic murine sarcoma Mc12 with synergistic CD80 and IL-2 genes. |
| 8087 | 21528325 | Immunization/challenge experiments demonstrated that both, IL-2(+) and IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) live cell vaccines can exert an immunizing stimulus, the IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) vaccine being superior to the IL-2(+) vaccine. |
| 8088 | 21528325 | Preimmunization with IL-2(+) and IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) vaccines induced regressions of a proportion of the parental Mc12 challenge inocula after their temporary growth. |
| 8089 | 21528325 | Areas of necrosis and extensive infiltration with Mac1(+) and CD4(+) leukocytes have been observed in the regressing sarcomas. |
| 8090 | 21528325 | When the therapeutic efficacy of the irradiated CD80(+), IL-2(+), and mixed CD80(+) plus IL-2(+) vaccines was compared, it was found that the insertion of the IL-2, but not CD80 gene alone was efficient. |
| 8091 | 21528325 | The mixed IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) tumour vaccine was able to protect and prolong survival of a higher proportion of mice than the IL-2(+) tumour vaccine. |
| 8092 | 21528325 | Tumour vaccines expressing IL-2, CD80, and IL-2 plus CD80 gene. |
| 8093 | 21528325 | Experiments were designed to investigate immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of tumour vaccines constructed by transfection of poorly immunogenic murine sarcoma Mc12 with synergistic CD80 and IL-2 genes. |
| 8094 | 21528325 | Immunization/challenge experiments demonstrated that both, IL-2(+) and IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) live cell vaccines can exert an immunizing stimulus, the IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) vaccine being superior to the IL-2(+) vaccine. |
| 8095 | 21528325 | Preimmunization with IL-2(+) and IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) vaccines induced regressions of a proportion of the parental Mc12 challenge inocula after their temporary growth. |
| 8096 | 21528325 | Areas of necrosis and extensive infiltration with Mac1(+) and CD4(+) leukocytes have been observed in the regressing sarcomas. |
| 8097 | 21528325 | When the therapeutic efficacy of the irradiated CD80(+), IL-2(+), and mixed CD80(+) plus IL-2(+) vaccines was compared, it was found that the insertion of the IL-2, but not CD80 gene alone was efficient. |
| 8098 | 21528325 | The mixed IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) tumour vaccine was able to protect and prolong survival of a higher proportion of mice than the IL-2(+) tumour vaccine. |
| 8099 | 21528325 | Tumour vaccines expressing IL-2, CD80, and IL-2 plus CD80 gene. |
| 8100 | 21528325 | Experiments were designed to investigate immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of tumour vaccines constructed by transfection of poorly immunogenic murine sarcoma Mc12 with synergistic CD80 and IL-2 genes. |
| 8101 | 21528325 | Immunization/challenge experiments demonstrated that both, IL-2(+) and IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) live cell vaccines can exert an immunizing stimulus, the IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) vaccine being superior to the IL-2(+) vaccine. |
| 8102 | 21528325 | Preimmunization with IL-2(+) and IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) vaccines induced regressions of a proportion of the parental Mc12 challenge inocula after their temporary growth. |
| 8103 | 21528325 | Areas of necrosis and extensive infiltration with Mac1(+) and CD4(+) leukocytes have been observed in the regressing sarcomas. |
| 8104 | 21528325 | When the therapeutic efficacy of the irradiated CD80(+), IL-2(+), and mixed CD80(+) plus IL-2(+) vaccines was compared, it was found that the insertion of the IL-2, but not CD80 gene alone was efficient. |
| 8105 | 21528325 | The mixed IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) tumour vaccine was able to protect and prolong survival of a higher proportion of mice than the IL-2(+) tumour vaccine. |
| 8106 | 21528325 | Tumour vaccines expressing IL-2, CD80, and IL-2 plus CD80 gene. |
| 8107 | 21528325 | Experiments were designed to investigate immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of tumour vaccines constructed by transfection of poorly immunogenic murine sarcoma Mc12 with synergistic CD80 and IL-2 genes. |
| 8108 | 21528325 | Immunization/challenge experiments demonstrated that both, IL-2(+) and IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) live cell vaccines can exert an immunizing stimulus, the IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) vaccine being superior to the IL-2(+) vaccine. |
| 8109 | 21528325 | Preimmunization with IL-2(+) and IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) vaccines induced regressions of a proportion of the parental Mc12 challenge inocula after their temporary growth. |
| 8110 | 21528325 | Areas of necrosis and extensive infiltration with Mac1(+) and CD4(+) leukocytes have been observed in the regressing sarcomas. |
| 8111 | 21528325 | When the therapeutic efficacy of the irradiated CD80(+), IL-2(+), and mixed CD80(+) plus IL-2(+) vaccines was compared, it was found that the insertion of the IL-2, but not CD80 gene alone was efficient. |
| 8112 | 21528325 | The mixed IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) tumour vaccine was able to protect and prolong survival of a higher proportion of mice than the IL-2(+) tumour vaccine. |
| 8113 | 21528325 | Tumour vaccines expressing IL-2, CD80, and IL-2 plus CD80 gene. |
| 8114 | 21528325 | Experiments were designed to investigate immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of tumour vaccines constructed by transfection of poorly immunogenic murine sarcoma Mc12 with synergistic CD80 and IL-2 genes. |
| 8115 | 21528325 | Immunization/challenge experiments demonstrated that both, IL-2(+) and IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) live cell vaccines can exert an immunizing stimulus, the IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) vaccine being superior to the IL-2(+) vaccine. |
| 8116 | 21528325 | Preimmunization with IL-2(+) and IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) vaccines induced regressions of a proportion of the parental Mc12 challenge inocula after their temporary growth. |
| 8117 | 21528325 | Areas of necrosis and extensive infiltration with Mac1(+) and CD4(+) leukocytes have been observed in the regressing sarcomas. |
| 8118 | 21528325 | When the therapeutic efficacy of the irradiated CD80(+), IL-2(+), and mixed CD80(+) plus IL-2(+) vaccines was compared, it was found that the insertion of the IL-2, but not CD80 gene alone was efficient. |
| 8119 | 21528325 | The mixed IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) tumour vaccine was able to protect and prolong survival of a higher proportion of mice than the IL-2(+) tumour vaccine. |
| 8120 | 21528325 | Tumour vaccines expressing IL-2, CD80, and IL-2 plus CD80 gene. |
| 8121 | 21528325 | Experiments were designed to investigate immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of tumour vaccines constructed by transfection of poorly immunogenic murine sarcoma Mc12 with synergistic CD80 and IL-2 genes. |
| 8122 | 21528325 | Immunization/challenge experiments demonstrated that both, IL-2(+) and IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) live cell vaccines can exert an immunizing stimulus, the IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) vaccine being superior to the IL-2(+) vaccine. |
| 8123 | 21528325 | Preimmunization with IL-2(+) and IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) vaccines induced regressions of a proportion of the parental Mc12 challenge inocula after their temporary growth. |
| 8124 | 21528325 | Areas of necrosis and extensive infiltration with Mac1(+) and CD4(+) leukocytes have been observed in the regressing sarcomas. |
| 8125 | 21528325 | When the therapeutic efficacy of the irradiated CD80(+), IL-2(+), and mixed CD80(+) plus IL-2(+) vaccines was compared, it was found that the insertion of the IL-2, but not CD80 gene alone was efficient. |
| 8126 | 21528325 | The mixed IL-2(+) plus CD80(+) tumour vaccine was able to protect and prolong survival of a higher proportion of mice than the IL-2(+) tumour vaccine. |
| 8127 | 21533229 | The overall profiles of cytokine responses to Gag and Ad5 had similar combinations of induced Th1- and Th2-type cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IP-10, IL-13, and IL-10, although the Ad5-specific responses were uniformly higher than the Gag-specific responses (p<0.0001 for 9 out of 11 significantly expressed analytes). |
| 8128 | 21533229 | At the peak response time point, PBMC from Ad5-seronegative vaccinees secreted significantly more IP-10 in response to Gag (p = 0.008), and significantly more IP-10 (p = 0.0009), IL-2 (p = 0.006) and IL-10 (p = 0.05) in response to Ad5 empty vector than PBMC from Ad5-seropositive vaccinees. |
| 8129 | 21533229 | Additionally, similar responses to the Ad5 vector prior to vaccination were observed in almost all subjects, regardless of Ad5 neutralizing antibody status, and the levels of secreted IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-1Ra and GM-CSF were blunted following vaccination. |
| 8130 | 21533229 | The cytokine response profile of Gag-specific T cells mirrored the Ad5-specific response present in all subjects before vaccination, and included a number of Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines not routinely assessed in current vaccine trials, such as IP-10, IL-10, IL-13, and GM-CSF. |
| 8131 | 21533229 | The overall profiles of cytokine responses to Gag and Ad5 had similar combinations of induced Th1- and Th2-type cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IP-10, IL-13, and IL-10, although the Ad5-specific responses were uniformly higher than the Gag-specific responses (p<0.0001 for 9 out of 11 significantly expressed analytes). |
| 8132 | 21533229 | At the peak response time point, PBMC from Ad5-seronegative vaccinees secreted significantly more IP-10 in response to Gag (p = 0.008), and significantly more IP-10 (p = 0.0009), IL-2 (p = 0.006) and IL-10 (p = 0.05) in response to Ad5 empty vector than PBMC from Ad5-seropositive vaccinees. |
| 8133 | 21533229 | Additionally, similar responses to the Ad5 vector prior to vaccination were observed in almost all subjects, regardless of Ad5 neutralizing antibody status, and the levels of secreted IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-1Ra and GM-CSF were blunted following vaccination. |
| 8134 | 21533229 | The cytokine response profile of Gag-specific T cells mirrored the Ad5-specific response present in all subjects before vaccination, and included a number of Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines not routinely assessed in current vaccine trials, such as IP-10, IL-10, IL-13, and GM-CSF. |
| 8135 | 21533347 | Two genes, the gene coding for IL-2 and the gene encoding the CD80 molecule, were inserted into murine sarcoma MC12 cells. |
| 8136 | 21533347 | Tumorigenicity of the clones declined with increasing production of IL-2 as well as with the increasing expression of the CD80 molecule. |
| 8137 | 21533347 | When the tumorigenicity of the clones carrying an inserted IL-2 gene was compared with that of the clones carrying an inserted CD80 gene, it was found that the insertion of the IL-2 gene suppresses tumorigenicity more efficiently than insertion of the CD80 gene. |
| 8138 | 21533347 | Admixture of the IL-2-producing MC12 clones to the tumorigenic CD80(+) MC12 cell doses could completely inhibit the tumorigenicity of the CD80(+) cells. |
| 8139 | 21533347 | Two genes, the gene coding for IL-2 and the gene encoding the CD80 molecule, were inserted into murine sarcoma MC12 cells. |
| 8140 | 21533347 | Tumorigenicity of the clones declined with increasing production of IL-2 as well as with the increasing expression of the CD80 molecule. |
| 8141 | 21533347 | When the tumorigenicity of the clones carrying an inserted IL-2 gene was compared with that of the clones carrying an inserted CD80 gene, it was found that the insertion of the IL-2 gene suppresses tumorigenicity more efficiently than insertion of the CD80 gene. |
| 8142 | 21533347 | Admixture of the IL-2-producing MC12 clones to the tumorigenic CD80(+) MC12 cell doses could completely inhibit the tumorigenicity of the CD80(+) cells. |
| 8143 | 21533347 | Two genes, the gene coding for IL-2 and the gene encoding the CD80 molecule, were inserted into murine sarcoma MC12 cells. |
| 8144 | 21533347 | Tumorigenicity of the clones declined with increasing production of IL-2 as well as with the increasing expression of the CD80 molecule. |
| 8145 | 21533347 | When the tumorigenicity of the clones carrying an inserted IL-2 gene was compared with that of the clones carrying an inserted CD80 gene, it was found that the insertion of the IL-2 gene suppresses tumorigenicity more efficiently than insertion of the CD80 gene. |
| 8146 | 21533347 | Admixture of the IL-2-producing MC12 clones to the tumorigenic CD80(+) MC12 cell doses could completely inhibit the tumorigenicity of the CD80(+) cells. |
| 8147 | 21533347 | Two genes, the gene coding for IL-2 and the gene encoding the CD80 molecule, were inserted into murine sarcoma MC12 cells. |
| 8148 | 21533347 | Tumorigenicity of the clones declined with increasing production of IL-2 as well as with the increasing expression of the CD80 molecule. |
| 8149 | 21533347 | When the tumorigenicity of the clones carrying an inserted IL-2 gene was compared with that of the clones carrying an inserted CD80 gene, it was found that the insertion of the IL-2 gene suppresses tumorigenicity more efficiently than insertion of the CD80 gene. |
| 8150 | 21533347 | Admixture of the IL-2-producing MC12 clones to the tumorigenic CD80(+) MC12 cell doses could completely inhibit the tumorigenicity of the CD80(+) cells. |
| 8151 | 21536790 | NWs and BALF as well as plasma of mice given nasal rPspA plus pFL contained increased levels of rPspA-specific secretory IgA and IgG Ab responses that were correlated with elevated numbers of CD8(+) and CD11b(+) DCs and interleukin 2 (IL-2)- and IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells in the nasal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs). |
| 8152 | 21544385 | IL-2 administration was found to be accompanied with an increase of TCR alpha beta(+), CD4(+) T cells in the spleen. |
| 8153 | 21544385 | Following the IL-2 treatment, the percentage of lymph node TCR alpha beta(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells dropped to less than half of the pretreatment values and then again gradually increased. |
| 8154 | 21544385 | These results suggest that local administration of IL-2 at the site of vaccination elicits, in addition to the reaction in regional lymph nodes, a systemic reaction detectable in the spleen; they also suggest that the increase of CD4(+), TCR alpha beta(+) T splenocytes may play an important role in the mechanism of the observed adjuvant effect of IL-2. |
| 8155 | 21544385 | IL-2 administration was found to be accompanied with an increase of TCR alpha beta(+), CD4(+) T cells in the spleen. |
| 8156 | 21544385 | Following the IL-2 treatment, the percentage of lymph node TCR alpha beta(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells dropped to less than half of the pretreatment values and then again gradually increased. |
| 8157 | 21544385 | These results suggest that local administration of IL-2 at the site of vaccination elicits, in addition to the reaction in regional lymph nodes, a systemic reaction detectable in the spleen; they also suggest that the increase of CD4(+), TCR alpha beta(+) T splenocytes may play an important role in the mechanism of the observed adjuvant effect of IL-2. |
| 8158 | 21544385 | IL-2 administration was found to be accompanied with an increase of TCR alpha beta(+), CD4(+) T cells in the spleen. |
| 8159 | 21544385 | Following the IL-2 treatment, the percentage of lymph node TCR alpha beta(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells dropped to less than half of the pretreatment values and then again gradually increased. |
| 8160 | 21544385 | These results suggest that local administration of IL-2 at the site of vaccination elicits, in addition to the reaction in regional lymph nodes, a systemic reaction detectable in the spleen; they also suggest that the increase of CD4(+), TCR alpha beta(+) T splenocytes may play an important role in the mechanism of the observed adjuvant effect of IL-2. |
| 8161 | 21556623 | Tumor response and 4 year survival-data of patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma treated with autologous tumor vaccine and subcutaneous R-IL-2 and IFN-alpha(2b). |
| 8162 | 21556623 | The present analysis was designed to assess the effects of concomitant application of renal cancer vaccine and cytokines on DTH skin responses to tumor cell challenge, clinical remissions and patients survival. 40 patients with advanced RCC, all with distant metastases in at least one organ, were entered after nephrectomy into a protocol involving multiple vaccinations with Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected autologous irradiated tumor cells, with subsequent repetitive 3 bi-weekly cycles of low dose interleukin-2 (r-IL-2) and interferon-alpha(2b)/rIFN-alpha(2) s.c. (1.5 million r-IL-2 Cetus units/m(2)/day and 3 million IFN-alpha IU/m(2)/day). |
| 8163 | 21556623 | While the multi-modality treatment with autologous tumor vaccine and s.c. administration of IL-2 and IFN-alpha appears to be effective in advanced RCC, a randomized trial (ASI-IL-2/IFN-alpha vs IL-2/IFN-alpha without ASI) is now set up to help assess the role of ASI within the combined treatment regimen. |
| 8164 | 21556623 | Tumor response and 4 year survival-data of patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma treated with autologous tumor vaccine and subcutaneous R-IL-2 and IFN-alpha(2b). |
| 8165 | 21556623 | The present analysis was designed to assess the effects of concomitant application of renal cancer vaccine and cytokines on DTH skin responses to tumor cell challenge, clinical remissions and patients survival. 40 patients with advanced RCC, all with distant metastases in at least one organ, were entered after nephrectomy into a protocol involving multiple vaccinations with Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected autologous irradiated tumor cells, with subsequent repetitive 3 bi-weekly cycles of low dose interleukin-2 (r-IL-2) and interferon-alpha(2b)/rIFN-alpha(2) s.c. (1.5 million r-IL-2 Cetus units/m(2)/day and 3 million IFN-alpha IU/m(2)/day). |
| 8166 | 21556623 | While the multi-modality treatment with autologous tumor vaccine and s.c. administration of IL-2 and IFN-alpha appears to be effective in advanced RCC, a randomized trial (ASI-IL-2/IFN-alpha vs IL-2/IFN-alpha without ASI) is now set up to help assess the role of ASI within the combined treatment regimen. |
| 8167 | 21556623 | Tumor response and 4 year survival-data of patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma treated with autologous tumor vaccine and subcutaneous R-IL-2 and IFN-alpha(2b). |
| 8168 | 21556623 | The present analysis was designed to assess the effects of concomitant application of renal cancer vaccine and cytokines on DTH skin responses to tumor cell challenge, clinical remissions and patients survival. 40 patients with advanced RCC, all with distant metastases in at least one organ, were entered after nephrectomy into a protocol involving multiple vaccinations with Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected autologous irradiated tumor cells, with subsequent repetitive 3 bi-weekly cycles of low dose interleukin-2 (r-IL-2) and interferon-alpha(2b)/rIFN-alpha(2) s.c. (1.5 million r-IL-2 Cetus units/m(2)/day and 3 million IFN-alpha IU/m(2)/day). |
| 8169 | 21556623 | While the multi-modality treatment with autologous tumor vaccine and s.c. administration of IL-2 and IFN-alpha appears to be effective in advanced RCC, a randomized trial (ASI-IL-2/IFN-alpha vs IL-2/IFN-alpha without ASI) is now set up to help assess the role of ASI within the combined treatment regimen. |
| 8170 | 21565244 | SL immunization promoted a mixed Th1/Th2 response, based on cytokine analysis (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INFγ). |
| 8171 | 21570434 | PBLs obtained from 13 naïve donors all proliferated, with a Stimulation Index (SI≥2), to the MUC1-SP-L peptide, producing mixed CD4+ and CD8+ responses. |
| 8172 | 21570434 | CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations exhibited CD45RO memory markers and secreted IFN-gamma and IL-2 following stimulation with MUC1-SP-L. |
| 8173 | 21570434 | Cytotoxicity to MUC1-expressing human and murine tumors was shown also in T cells obtained from HLA-A2 transgenic mice and BALB/c syngeneic mice immunized with the MUC1-SP-L and GM-CSF. |
| 8174 | 21576820 | These T cells were CD1b restricted, detectable in blood and disease sites, produced both IFN-γ and IL-2, and exhibited effector and central memory phenotypes. |
| 8175 | 21596404 | A significant increase was observed in IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in the culture supernatants of splenocytes isolated from immunized mice. |
| 8176 | 21625608 | Infection of MDDC with MVA-B or MVA, at the optimal dose of 0.3 PFU/MDDC, induced by itself a moderate degree of maturation of MDDC, involving secretion of cytokines and chemokines (IL1-ra, IL-7, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, IP-10, MIG, and IFN-α). |
| 8177 | 21625608 | MDDC infected with MVA or MVA-B and following a period of 48 h or 72 h of maturation were able to migrate toward CCL19 or CCL21 chemokine gradients. |
| 8178 | 21625608 | MVA-B-infected MDDC co-cultured with autologous T lymphocytes induced a highly functional HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell response including proliferation, secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, MIP-1β, MIP-1α, RANTES and IL-6, and strong cytotoxic activity against autologous HIV-1-infected CD4(+) T lymphocytes. |
| 8179 | 21637109 | Interleukin-2 production by polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells is associated with enhanced viral suppression. |
| 8180 | 21690242 | In addition, all groups generated a cellular immune response characterized by antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells secreting predominantly interleukin-2 (IL-2) and lesser amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). |
| 8181 | 21697748 | Pilot study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 as immune adjuvants for a melanoma peptide vaccine. |
| 8182 | 21697748 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 are immune-potentiating cytokines that have improved vaccine responses in preclinical models. |
| 8183 | 21697748 | We hypothesized that higher doses of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and addition of low-dose interleukin-2 might augment responses to vaccine antigens. |
| 8184 | 21697748 | Patients with resected stage II, III, or IV melanoma were treated with vaccines containing three melanoma-associated peptides [MART-1a, gp100(207-217), and survivin], along with 300 or 500 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in Montanide ISA. |
| 8185 | 21697748 | Responses were not higher in patients receiving 500 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or low-dose interleukin-2 than in patients receiving 300 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor only. |
| 8186 | 21697748 | Neither increasing the dose of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor nor addition of low-dose interleukin-2 resulted in an increase in the frequency of vaccine-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes to a melanoma peptide vaccine. |
| 8187 | 21697748 | Pilot study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 as immune adjuvants for a melanoma peptide vaccine. |
| 8188 | 21697748 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 are immune-potentiating cytokines that have improved vaccine responses in preclinical models. |
| 8189 | 21697748 | We hypothesized that higher doses of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and addition of low-dose interleukin-2 might augment responses to vaccine antigens. |
| 8190 | 21697748 | Patients with resected stage II, III, or IV melanoma were treated with vaccines containing three melanoma-associated peptides [MART-1a, gp100(207-217), and survivin], along with 300 or 500 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in Montanide ISA. |
| 8191 | 21697748 | Responses were not higher in patients receiving 500 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or low-dose interleukin-2 than in patients receiving 300 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor only. |
| 8192 | 21697748 | Neither increasing the dose of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor nor addition of low-dose interleukin-2 resulted in an increase in the frequency of vaccine-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes to a melanoma peptide vaccine. |
| 8193 | 21697748 | Pilot study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 as immune adjuvants for a melanoma peptide vaccine. |
| 8194 | 21697748 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 are immune-potentiating cytokines that have improved vaccine responses in preclinical models. |
| 8195 | 21697748 | We hypothesized that higher doses of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and addition of low-dose interleukin-2 might augment responses to vaccine antigens. |
| 8196 | 21697748 | Patients with resected stage II, III, or IV melanoma were treated with vaccines containing three melanoma-associated peptides [MART-1a, gp100(207-217), and survivin], along with 300 or 500 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in Montanide ISA. |
| 8197 | 21697748 | Responses were not higher in patients receiving 500 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or low-dose interleukin-2 than in patients receiving 300 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor only. |
| 8198 | 21697748 | Neither increasing the dose of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor nor addition of low-dose interleukin-2 resulted in an increase in the frequency of vaccine-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes to a melanoma peptide vaccine. |
| 8199 | 21697748 | Pilot study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 as immune adjuvants for a melanoma peptide vaccine. |
| 8200 | 21697748 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 are immune-potentiating cytokines that have improved vaccine responses in preclinical models. |
| 8201 | 21697748 | We hypothesized that higher doses of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and addition of low-dose interleukin-2 might augment responses to vaccine antigens. |
| 8202 | 21697748 | Patients with resected stage II, III, or IV melanoma were treated with vaccines containing three melanoma-associated peptides [MART-1a, gp100(207-217), and survivin], along with 300 or 500 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in Montanide ISA. |
| 8203 | 21697748 | Responses were not higher in patients receiving 500 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or low-dose interleukin-2 than in patients receiving 300 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor only. |
| 8204 | 21697748 | Neither increasing the dose of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor nor addition of low-dose interleukin-2 resulted in an increase in the frequency of vaccine-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes to a melanoma peptide vaccine. |
| 8205 | 21697748 | Pilot study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 as immune adjuvants for a melanoma peptide vaccine. |
| 8206 | 21697748 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 are immune-potentiating cytokines that have improved vaccine responses in preclinical models. |
| 8207 | 21697748 | We hypothesized that higher doses of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and addition of low-dose interleukin-2 might augment responses to vaccine antigens. |
| 8208 | 21697748 | Patients with resected stage II, III, or IV melanoma were treated with vaccines containing three melanoma-associated peptides [MART-1a, gp100(207-217), and survivin], along with 300 or 500 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in Montanide ISA. |
| 8209 | 21697748 | Responses were not higher in patients receiving 500 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or low-dose interleukin-2 than in patients receiving 300 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor only. |
| 8210 | 21697748 | Neither increasing the dose of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor nor addition of low-dose interleukin-2 resulted in an increase in the frequency of vaccine-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes to a melanoma peptide vaccine. |
| 8211 | 21720558 | These CD4+CD44(hi)CD62L(lo)CD27⁻ T cells concomitantly produce IFN-γ and TNF-α, or IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α and have a higher cytokine median fluorescence intensity MFI or 'quality of response' than single cytokine producing cells. |
| 8212 | 21722683 | This study demonstrates that administration of trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) with the cationic liposome adjuvant system CAF01 enhances the humoral immune response as measured by hemagglutinin inhibition titers and influenza-specific serum antibody titers, and promote a strong Th1 response with augmented levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α. |
| 8213 | 21728003 | For the F48E9 group, a sharp increase of the expression of interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-16 and IL-18 was observed on 3 d.p.i. before the NDV blood peak (7 d.p.i.), followed by a rapid decline to the level lower than that of control group, then the expression of IFN-α increased slowly and reached or exceeded the level of control group in the later phase of the infection, while the expression of IFN-γ, IL-16, and IL-18 fluctuated at the level of control group for the rest of study period. |
| 8214 | 21728003 | The increase of IL-2 expression was not obvious, and no increase of IL-15 expression was noted. |
| 8215 | 21728003 | On the contrary, there was no dramatic increase of IL-16 and IL-18. |
| 8216 | 21728172 | Using multi-parameter flow cytometry and intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2, we found double and single cytokine-producing CD4(+) as well as CD8(+) T cells to be the most prominent subsets, particularly IFN-γ(+) TNF-α(+) CD8(+) T cells. |
| 8217 | 21728172 | Furthermore, CFSE labeling revealed strong CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell proliferative responses induced by several "immunodominant" Mtb DosR antigens and their specific peptide epitopes. |
| 8218 | 21728172 | These findings demonstrate the prominent presence of double- and monofunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in naturally protected individuals and support the possibility of designing Mtb DosR antigen-based TB vaccines. |
| 8219 | 21747747 | CNP also significantly promoted the production of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines and up-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines in splenocytes from the immunized mice compared with OVA and CS groups. |
| 8220 | 21765018 | We demonstrate that the size of the CD4(+) and CD8(+) CMV-specific T cell pools are similar in adult versus old RMs and show essentially identical phenotypic and functional characteristics, including a dominant effector memory phenotype, identical patterns of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 production and cytotoxic degranulation, and comparable functional avidities of optimal epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells. |
| 8221 | 21768296 | Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated inhibition of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor α (IL-2Rα/CD25) during immunotherapy in normal mice depleted T(Regs) (73% reduction; P = .0154) but also abolished vaccine-induced immune responses. |
| 8222 | 21775682 | Patients with smear-positive TB had decreased polyfunctional IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) and IL-2-producing specific CD4 T cells and increased TNF-α single-positive cells, when compared with smear-negative TB and LTBI. |
| 8223 | 21775682 | M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferative capacity was profoundly impaired in individuals with smear-positive TB, and correlated positively with ex vivo IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) CD4 T cells, and inversely with TNF-α single-positive CD4 T cells. |
| 8224 | 21775682 | During 6 mo of anti-TB treatment, specific IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) CD4 and CD8 T cells increased, whereas TNF-α and IFN-γ single-positive T cells decreased. |
| 8225 | 21775682 | Patients with smear-positive TB had decreased polyfunctional IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) and IL-2-producing specific CD4 T cells and increased TNF-α single-positive cells, when compared with smear-negative TB and LTBI. |
| 8226 | 21775682 | M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferative capacity was profoundly impaired in individuals with smear-positive TB, and correlated positively with ex vivo IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) CD4 T cells, and inversely with TNF-α single-positive CD4 T cells. |
| 8227 | 21775682 | During 6 mo of anti-TB treatment, specific IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) CD4 and CD8 T cells increased, whereas TNF-α and IFN-γ single-positive T cells decreased. |
| 8228 | 21775682 | Patients with smear-positive TB had decreased polyfunctional IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) and IL-2-producing specific CD4 T cells and increased TNF-α single-positive cells, when compared with smear-negative TB and LTBI. |
| 8229 | 21775682 | M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferative capacity was profoundly impaired in individuals with smear-positive TB, and correlated positively with ex vivo IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) CD4 T cells, and inversely with TNF-α single-positive CD4 T cells. |
| 8230 | 21775682 | During 6 mo of anti-TB treatment, specific IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) CD4 and CD8 T cells increased, whereas TNF-α and IFN-γ single-positive T cells decreased. |
| 8231 | 21779319 | Protective immunity induced with the RTS,S/AS vaccine is associated with IL-2 and TNF-α producing effector and central memory CD4 T cells. |
| 8232 | 21779319 | The frequency of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-specific CD4(+) T cells was significantly higher in protected subjects as compared to non-protected subjects. |
| 8233 | 21779319 | Moreover, both the frequencies and the total numbers of IL-2-producing CD4(+) T(E/EM) cells and of CD4(+) T(CM) cells from protected subjects were significantly higher than those from non-protected subjects. |
| 8234 | 21779319 | We also demonstrated for the first time that there is a strong association between the frequency of CSP peptide-reactive CD4(+) T cells producing IL-2 and the titers of CSP-specific antibodies in the same individual, suggesting that IL-2 may be acting as a growth factor for follicular Th cells and/or B cells. |
| 8235 | 21779319 | The frequencies of CSP peptide-reactive, TNF-α-producing CD4(+) T(E/EM) cells and of CD4(+) T(E/EM) cells secreting both IL-2 and TNF-α were also shown to be higher in protected vs. non-protected individuals. |
| 8236 | 21779319 | Protective immunity induced with the RTS,S/AS vaccine is associated with IL-2 and TNF-α producing effector and central memory CD4 T cells. |
| 8237 | 21779319 | The frequency of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-specific CD4(+) T cells was significantly higher in protected subjects as compared to non-protected subjects. |
| 8238 | 21779319 | Moreover, both the frequencies and the total numbers of IL-2-producing CD4(+) T(E/EM) cells and of CD4(+) T(CM) cells from protected subjects were significantly higher than those from non-protected subjects. |
| 8239 | 21779319 | We also demonstrated for the first time that there is a strong association between the frequency of CSP peptide-reactive CD4(+) T cells producing IL-2 and the titers of CSP-specific antibodies in the same individual, suggesting that IL-2 may be acting as a growth factor for follicular Th cells and/or B cells. |
| 8240 | 21779319 | The frequencies of CSP peptide-reactive, TNF-α-producing CD4(+) T(E/EM) cells and of CD4(+) T(E/EM) cells secreting both IL-2 and TNF-α were also shown to be higher in protected vs. non-protected individuals. |
| 8241 | 21779319 | Protective immunity induced with the RTS,S/AS vaccine is associated with IL-2 and TNF-α producing effector and central memory CD4 T cells. |
| 8242 | 21779319 | The frequency of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-specific CD4(+) T cells was significantly higher in protected subjects as compared to non-protected subjects. |
| 8243 | 21779319 | Moreover, both the frequencies and the total numbers of IL-2-producing CD4(+) T(E/EM) cells and of CD4(+) T(CM) cells from protected subjects were significantly higher than those from non-protected subjects. |
| 8244 | 21779319 | We also demonstrated for the first time that there is a strong association between the frequency of CSP peptide-reactive CD4(+) T cells producing IL-2 and the titers of CSP-specific antibodies in the same individual, suggesting that IL-2 may be acting as a growth factor for follicular Th cells and/or B cells. |
| 8245 | 21779319 | The frequencies of CSP peptide-reactive, TNF-α-producing CD4(+) T(E/EM) cells and of CD4(+) T(E/EM) cells secreting both IL-2 and TNF-α were also shown to be higher in protected vs. non-protected individuals. |
| 8246 | 21779319 | Protective immunity induced with the RTS,S/AS vaccine is associated with IL-2 and TNF-α producing effector and central memory CD4 T cells. |
| 8247 | 21779319 | The frequency of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-specific CD4(+) T cells was significantly higher in protected subjects as compared to non-protected subjects. |
| 8248 | 21779319 | Moreover, both the frequencies and the total numbers of IL-2-producing CD4(+) T(E/EM) cells and of CD4(+) T(CM) cells from protected subjects were significantly higher than those from non-protected subjects. |
| 8249 | 21779319 | We also demonstrated for the first time that there is a strong association between the frequency of CSP peptide-reactive CD4(+) T cells producing IL-2 and the titers of CSP-specific antibodies in the same individual, suggesting that IL-2 may be acting as a growth factor for follicular Th cells and/or B cells. |
| 8250 | 21779319 | The frequencies of CSP peptide-reactive, TNF-α-producing CD4(+) T(E/EM) cells and of CD4(+) T(E/EM) cells secreting both IL-2 and TNF-α were also shown to be higher in protected vs. non-protected individuals. |
| 8251 | 21784871 | Because immunosuppression continues to be a major inhibitor of cancer vaccine efficacy, we examined in this study whether therapeutically targeted delivery of a synthetic STAT-3 inhibitor to the TME, combined with an HER-2 DNA vaccine can improve immune surveillance against HER-2(+) breast cancer and prevent its recurrence. |
| 8252 | 21784871 | Furthermore, we showed that treatment with these NPs resulted in priming of the immune TME, characterized by increased IFN-γ, p-STAT-1, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-15, and IL-12b and reduced TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-10 protein expression. |
| 8253 | 21795462 | The results suggested that BP5 markedly elevated serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers and antigen-specific antihemagglutinin (anti-HA) antibody (IgG) levels, induced both Th1 (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon [IFN-γ])- and Th2 (IL-4)-type cytokines, promoted the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and increased populations of CD3(+) T cells and their subsets CD4(+) (CD3(+) CD4(+)) T cells and CD8(+) (CD3(+) CD8(+)) T cells. |
| 8254 | 21796616 | However, synthetic T-cell vaccines composed of Melan-A/MART-1 peptide, CpG and IFA can induce high frequencies of tumor-specific CD8 T-cells in PBMC of melanoma patients. |
| 8255 | 21796616 | The production of multiple cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2) and upregulation of LAMP-1 (CD107a) by tumor (Melan-A/MART-1) specific T-cells was comparable to virus (EBV-BMLF1) specific CD8 T-cells. |
| 8256 | 21796616 | Furthermore, phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT5 and ERK1/2, and expression of CD3 zeta chain were similar in tumor- and virus-specific T-cells, demonstrating functional signaling pathways. |
| 8257 | 21802664 | Synergy between TLR3 and IL-18 promotes IFN-γ dependent TRAIL expression in human liver NK cells. |
| 8258 | 21802664 | Our results show that the synthetic dsRNA polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a mimic of a common product of viral infections, activates NK cells directly in the context of cytokines found in the liver, i.e.: poly I:C plus inflammatory cytokines (IL-18, IL-12, and IL-2) induced NK cell IFN-γ production and TRAIL expression, and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10) inhibit NK cell IFN-γ production. |
| 8259 | 21822116 | Serum cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha] were assayed using standardized methodology. |
| 8260 | 21849683 | Regulatory T cells selectively control CD8+ T cell effector pool size via IL-2 restriction. |
| 8261 | 21849683 | Due to this change and the lower IL-2 production that results, a substantial fraction of CD8(+) effector T cells lose CD25 expression several days after activation. |
| 8262 | 21849683 | Surprisingly, such Treg-dependent limitations in IL-2 signaling by Ag-activated CD8(+) T cells prevent effector differentiation without interfering with memory cell formation. |
| 8263 | 21849683 | Regulatory T cells selectively control CD8+ T cell effector pool size via IL-2 restriction. |
| 8264 | 21849683 | Due to this change and the lower IL-2 production that results, a substantial fraction of CD8(+) effector T cells lose CD25 expression several days after activation. |
| 8265 | 21849683 | Surprisingly, such Treg-dependent limitations in IL-2 signaling by Ag-activated CD8(+) T cells prevent effector differentiation without interfering with memory cell formation. |
| 8266 | 21849683 | Regulatory T cells selectively control CD8+ T cell effector pool size via IL-2 restriction. |
| 8267 | 21849683 | Due to this change and the lower IL-2 production that results, a substantial fraction of CD8(+) effector T cells lose CD25 expression several days after activation. |
| 8268 | 21849683 | Surprisingly, such Treg-dependent limitations in IL-2 signaling by Ag-activated CD8(+) T cells prevent effector differentiation without interfering with memory cell formation. |
| 8269 | 21856357 | A detailed analysis of the cell-mediated immune responses by ICS showed the number of specific CD8(+) T cells expressing cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and granule-associated proteins (CD107a) was higher than that of specific CD4(+) T cells secreted by immune spleen cells upon restimulation in vitro with peptides. |
| 8270 | 21875636 | Similarly, two previously reported promoter IL10 and IL2 polymorphisms (rs1800890 and rs2069762) demonstrated associations with measles-specific cellular immunity in Caucasians (p≤0.034). |
| 8271 | 21881953 | Dengue virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes target NS1, NS3 and NS5 in infected Indian rhesus macaques. |
| 8272 | 21881953 | DENV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes targeted nonstructural (NS) 1, NS3 and NS5 proteins after resolution of peak viremia. |
| 8273 | 21881953 | DENV-specific CD4+ cells expressed interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) along with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β). |
| 8274 | 21881953 | In comparison, DENV-specific CD8+ cells expressed IFN-γ in addition to MIP-1β and TNF-α and were positive for the degranulation marker CD107a. |
| 8275 | 21881953 | Interestingly, a fraction of the DENV-specific CD4+ cells also stained for CD107a, suggesting that they might be cytotoxic. |
| 8276 | 21889412 | Therefore CMI responses were evaluated in 15 CVID-patients and 15 matched healthy controls (HC) by determining frequencies of interferon (IFN)γ-producing PBMC, and frequencies of IFNγ-, interleukin (IL)-2- and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells before and after influenza vaccination using IFNγ enzyme-linked immunospot (IFNγ-ELISpot) and flow cytometry. |
| 8277 | 21906881 | The production levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10, as well as the percentage of CD4(+) cells in mice vaccinated with pVAX-ROM1 were significantly increased respectively, compared to controls receiving either pVAX1 alone or PBS. |
| 8278 | 21921206 | Using a total of 28 baboons, different vaccination strategies were used including recombinant Sm-p80 protein formulated in Toll-like receptor 7 and Toll-like receptor 9 agonists, and DNA priming followed by boosting with protein plus adjuvants. |
| 8279 | 21921206 | Production and expression of several cytokines (interleukin 2 [IL-2], interferon γ, IL-12α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-22) were up-regulated in vaccinated animals. |
| 8280 | 21924648 | Sequential administration of GM-CSF and IL-2 surface-modified MB49 cells vaccines against the metastatic bladder cancer. |
| 8281 | 21926463 | The lower survival levels observed in memory B cells from ST subjects were the result of disrupted IL-2 signaling that led to increased transcriptional activity of Foxo3a and increased expression of its proapoptotic target TRAIL. |
| 8282 | 21926463 | Our results thus establish a direct role for Foxo3a/TRAIL signaling in the persistence of memory B cells and provide a mechanism for the reduced survival of memory B cells during HIV infection. |
| 8283 | 21954698 | Immune modulators such as IL-2 and anti-CTLA-4 can mediate tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cancer, two tumor types that appear exceptional in their ability to spontaneously harbor endogenous antitumor immune cells. |
| 8284 | 21956503 | We worked out a protocol to study oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by determining their potency to secrete IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in response to acute treatment with hydrogen peroxide. |
| 8285 | 21956503 | We show that hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress can cause a ∼twofold decrease in the number of lymphocytes secreting the TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2, as well as chemokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha. |
| 8286 | 21956503 | However, the number of cells secreting TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in hydrogen -peroxide-treated group did not change. |
| 8287 | 21956503 | We worked out a protocol to study oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by determining their potency to secrete IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in response to acute treatment with hydrogen peroxide. |
| 8288 | 21956503 | We show that hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress can cause a ∼twofold decrease in the number of lymphocytes secreting the TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2, as well as chemokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha. |
| 8289 | 21956503 | However, the number of cells secreting TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in hydrogen -peroxide-treated group did not change. |
| 8290 | 21958369 | We measured multiple VACV-specific immune responses: neutralizing antibody titer, the level of 12 secreted cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-18), and the number of IFN-γ- and CD8(+) IFN-γ-secreting cells. |
| 8291 | 21958369 | We also detected strong correlations between the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (p<0.0001). |
| 8292 | 21966414 | Vaccination led to increased levels of CD25+ NK cells, and notably CD56(bright) CD25+ NK cells, whereas decreased amounts of this subset were present in the peripheral blood of influenza infected individuals, and predominantly in study subjects infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. |
| 8293 | 21966414 | Finally, acute influenza infection was associated with low plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, MIP-1β, IL-2 and IL-15, and high levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1ra. |
| 8294 | 21980478 | Four out of the twenty-five 9-mer peptides tested: peptides 3 (F33-41), 13 (F214-222), 14 (F273-281), and 23 (F559-567), were found to bind to HLA-A*0201 with moderate to high affinity and were capable of inducing IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion in lymphocytes from HLA-A*0201 transgenic (HLA-Tg) mice pre-immunized with RSV or recombinant adenovirus expressing RSV F. |
| 8295 | 21980478 | HLA-Tg mice were immunized with these four peptides and were found to induce both Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses in in vitro secondary recall. |
| 8296 | 21980478 | A significant reduction of lung viral load was observed in mice immunized with peptide 23, which appeared to enhance the levels of inflammatory chemokines (CCL17, CCL22, and IL-18) but did not increase eosinophil infiltration in the lungs. |
| 8297 | 21983362 | CBA/J mice immunized with pRON4, pNRON4 or pCRON4 plus a plasmid encoding the granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor showed high IgG titers against rRON4S2. |
| 8298 | 21983362 | In addition to the production of IFN-γ, and IL-2, Il-10 and IL-5 were also produced by the spleen cells of the immunized mice stimulated with RON4S2, suggesting that a mixed Th1/Th2 type immune response occurred in all the immunized groups. |
| 8299 | 22001496 | Cytokine analysis of the cervical lymph nodes of mice i.n. immunized with D1-3 or NS1 revealed antigen-specific IL-2 and IL-17 responses, but no IFN-γ T cell response, were observed. |
| 8300 | 22025707 | CD4(+)CD25(+)Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune responses to self and foreign antigens in secondary lymphoid organs and at tissue sites of inflammation. |
| 8301 | 22025707 | CD28 signaling is known to abrogate Treg suppression of IL-2 secretion and proliferation, but our studies show that Treg suppression of IFN-γ during Th1 priming proceeds despite enhanced CD28 signaling. |
| 8302 | 22025707 | In vivo, Tregs potently controlled CD4 IFN-γ and CD4 effector cell expansion in the lymph node (four- to fivefold reduction) but not Th1 programming, independent of IL-10. |
| 8303 | 22025707 | Tregs additionally reduced CD4 IFN-γ in the inflamed dermis (twofold reduction) dependent on their production of IL-10. |
| 8304 | 22046132 | In this study, we used a systems biology approach employing a genome-wide yeast-two hybrid interaction screen to identify immunopilins (PPIA, PPIB, PPIH, PPIG, FKBP1A, FKBP1B) as interaction partners of the CoV non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1). |
| 8305 | 22046132 | Overexpression of NSP1 and infection with live SARS-CoV strongly increased signalling through the Calcineurin/NFAT pathway and enhanced the induction of interleukin 2, compatible with late-stage immunopathogenicity and long-term cytokine dysregulation as observed in severe SARS cases. |
| 8306 | 22057676 | SocL extract and wogonin also inhibited the secretion of IL-10 in T(reg) culture; whereas the level of IL-2 was either unchanged or marginally enhanced. |
| 8307 | 22057676 | We also observed an inhibition of Smad-3, GSK-3β and ERK1/2 signaling by SocL and wogonin in T(reg) cells, while phosphorylation of P38 MAPK was considerably enhanced, indicating that SocL or wogonin could inhibit the T cells' response to TGF-β1 via modulation of both Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. |
| 8308 | 22063002 | Immunization with particulate formulations led to significantly increased IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ production by splenic CD4+ T-cells compared to control animals. |
| 8309 | 22064713 | Interestingly, the protected mice had significantly decreased levels of antibody response, cytokines (including gamma interferon [IFN-γ], interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12), and nitric oxide levels after infection with B. rodhaini. |
| 8310 | 22096993 | We revealed that immunization with these particles causes a specific induction of Th1-response, characterized by increased levels ofcytokine TNF-alpha and IL-2. |
| 8311 | 22125550 | Determinations of peripheral blood cytokine and chemokine profiles following individual protein immunizations show that interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 are elicited by the three confirmed candidates, but unexpectedly interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α are not. |
| 8312 | 22158905 | Immunotherapy with PI3K inhibitor and Toll-like receptor agonist induces IFN-γ+IL-17+ polyfunctional T cells that mediate rejection of murine tumors. |
| 8313 | 22158905 | Multiple strategies to inhibit PI3K in dendritic cells (DC) each led to suppression of interleukin (IL)-10 and TGF-β but did affect IL-12 or IL-1β induction by the TLR5 ligand flagellin. |
| 8314 | 22158905 | Tumor growth suppression was associated with increased accumulation of polyfunctional T cells that secreted multiple effector cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-2. |
| 8315 | 22169717 | Prospect of IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21 for HIV immune-based therapy. |
| 8316 | 22169717 | The common γ-chain cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 are primary regulators of T cell homeostasis and thus have been considered prime immunotherapeutic candidates, both for increasing T cell levels/function and augmenting vaccine-elicited viral-specific T cell responses in immunocompromised AIDS patients. |
| 8317 | 22169717 | The Objective of this review is to update the role of the common γ-chain cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 in HIV AIDS pathogenesis. |
| 8318 | 22169717 | Prospect of IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21 for HIV immune-based therapy. |
| 8319 | 22169717 | The common γ-chain cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 are primary regulators of T cell homeostasis and thus have been considered prime immunotherapeutic candidates, both for increasing T cell levels/function and augmenting vaccine-elicited viral-specific T cell responses in immunocompromised AIDS patients. |
| 8320 | 22169717 | The Objective of this review is to update the role of the common γ-chain cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 in HIV AIDS pathogenesis. |
| 8321 | 22169717 | Prospect of IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21 for HIV immune-based therapy. |
| 8322 | 22169717 | The common γ-chain cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 are primary regulators of T cell homeostasis and thus have been considered prime immunotherapeutic candidates, both for increasing T cell levels/function and augmenting vaccine-elicited viral-specific T cell responses in immunocompromised AIDS patients. |
| 8323 | 22169717 | The Objective of this review is to update the role of the common γ-chain cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 in HIV AIDS pathogenesis. |
| 8324 | 22200492 | Furthermore, Ad-FL activated DCs induced IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 producing CD4(+) T cells. |
| 8325 | 22210400 | When antibody titers were measured from immunized animals together with IL-2, IL-4 and IFNγ production from splenocytes in vitro, we found that proteins displayed on λ were superior at eliciting an immune response in comparison to genetic immunization with λ. |
| 8326 | 22216206 | Development of an antibody to bovine IL-2 reveals multifunctional CD4 T(EM) cells in cattle naturally infected with bovine tuberculosis. |
| 8327 | 22216206 | CD4 T cells play an established central role in immunity to TB, and recent interest has focussed on the potential role of multifunctional CD4 T cells expressing IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α. |
| 8328 | 22216206 | Until now, it has not been possible to assess the contribution of these multifunctional CD4 T cells in cattle due to the lack of reagents to detect bovine IL-2 (bIL-2). |
| 8329 | 22216206 | Assessment of the frequency of antigen specific CD4 T cell subsets reveals a dominant IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) and IFN-γ(+) TNF-α(+) response in naturally infected cattle. |
| 8330 | 22216206 | These multifunctional CD4 T cells express a CD44(hi)CD45RO(+)CD62L(lo) T-effector memory (T(EM)) phenotype and display higher cytokine median fluorescence intensities than single cytokine producers, consistent with an enhanced 'quality of response' as reported for multifunctional cells in human and murine systems. |
| 8331 | 22216206 | Development of an antibody to bovine IL-2 reveals multifunctional CD4 T(EM) cells in cattle naturally infected with bovine tuberculosis. |
| 8332 | 22216206 | CD4 T cells play an established central role in immunity to TB, and recent interest has focussed on the potential role of multifunctional CD4 T cells expressing IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α. |
| 8333 | 22216206 | Until now, it has not been possible to assess the contribution of these multifunctional CD4 T cells in cattle due to the lack of reagents to detect bovine IL-2 (bIL-2). |
| 8334 | 22216206 | Assessment of the frequency of antigen specific CD4 T cell subsets reveals a dominant IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) and IFN-γ(+) TNF-α(+) response in naturally infected cattle. |
| 8335 | 22216206 | These multifunctional CD4 T cells express a CD44(hi)CD45RO(+)CD62L(lo) T-effector memory (T(EM)) phenotype and display higher cytokine median fluorescence intensities than single cytokine producers, consistent with an enhanced 'quality of response' as reported for multifunctional cells in human and murine systems. |
| 8336 | 22216206 | Development of an antibody to bovine IL-2 reveals multifunctional CD4 T(EM) cells in cattle naturally infected with bovine tuberculosis. |
| 8337 | 22216206 | CD4 T cells play an established central role in immunity to TB, and recent interest has focussed on the potential role of multifunctional CD4 T cells expressing IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α. |
| 8338 | 22216206 | Until now, it has not been possible to assess the contribution of these multifunctional CD4 T cells in cattle due to the lack of reagents to detect bovine IL-2 (bIL-2). |
| 8339 | 22216206 | Assessment of the frequency of antigen specific CD4 T cell subsets reveals a dominant IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) and IFN-γ(+) TNF-α(+) response in naturally infected cattle. |
| 8340 | 22216206 | These multifunctional CD4 T cells express a CD44(hi)CD45RO(+)CD62L(lo) T-effector memory (T(EM)) phenotype and display higher cytokine median fluorescence intensities than single cytokine producers, consistent with an enhanced 'quality of response' as reported for multifunctional cells in human and murine systems. |
| 8341 | 22216206 | Development of an antibody to bovine IL-2 reveals multifunctional CD4 T(EM) cells in cattle naturally infected with bovine tuberculosis. |
| 8342 | 22216206 | CD4 T cells play an established central role in immunity to TB, and recent interest has focussed on the potential role of multifunctional CD4 T cells expressing IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α. |
| 8343 | 22216206 | Until now, it has not been possible to assess the contribution of these multifunctional CD4 T cells in cattle due to the lack of reagents to detect bovine IL-2 (bIL-2). |
| 8344 | 22216206 | Assessment of the frequency of antigen specific CD4 T cell subsets reveals a dominant IFN-γ(+)IL-2(+)TNF-α(+) and IFN-γ(+) TNF-α(+) response in naturally infected cattle. |
| 8345 | 22216206 | These multifunctional CD4 T cells express a CD44(hi)CD45RO(+)CD62L(lo) T-effector memory (T(EM)) phenotype and display higher cytokine median fluorescence intensities than single cytokine producers, consistent with an enhanced 'quality of response' as reported for multifunctional cells in human and murine systems. |
| 8346 | 22218690 | HCV-specific T cells consisted of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets; secreted interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α; and could be sustained for at least a year after boosting with the heterologous adenoviral vector. |
| 8347 | 22227565 | A key consequence of regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression of CD4 T cells is the inhibition of IL-2 production, yet how Tregs attenuate IL-2 has not been defined. |
| 8348 | 22227565 | To directly define Treg effects on TCR signaling in CD4 T cell targets, we visualized changes in nuclear accumulation of transcription factors at time points when IL-2 was actively suppressed. |
| 8349 | 22227565 | A key consequence of regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression of CD4 T cells is the inhibition of IL-2 production, yet how Tregs attenuate IL-2 has not been defined. |
| 8350 | 22227565 | To directly define Treg effects on TCR signaling in CD4 T cell targets, we visualized changes in nuclear accumulation of transcription factors at time points when IL-2 was actively suppressed. |
| 8351 | 22239234 | Measles-specific innate/inflammatory and adaptive cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses were characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to quantify the levels of secreted IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, and TNF-α in PBMC cultures following in vitro stimulation with measles virus (MV) in a cohort of 764 school-aged children. |
| 8352 | 22239234 | Caucasians secreted significantly more IFN-λ1, IL-10, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.003, p<0.01, and p<0.02, respectively) compared to the other racial groups combined. |
| 8353 | 22239234 | Measles-specific innate/inflammatory and adaptive cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses were characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to quantify the levels of secreted IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, and TNF-α in PBMC cultures following in vitro stimulation with measles virus (MV) in a cohort of 764 school-aged children. |
| 8354 | 22239234 | Caucasians secreted significantly more IFN-λ1, IL-10, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.003, p<0.01, and p<0.02, respectively) compared to the other racial groups combined. |
| 8355 | 22271576 | Constitutive STAT5 signaling in activated CD4(+) T cells selectively blocked T(FH) cell differentiation and GCs, and IL-2 signaling was a primary inducer of this pathway. |
| 8356 | 22271576 | Conversely, STAT5-deficient CD4(+) T cells (mature STAT5(fl/fl) CD4(+) T cells transduced with a Cre-expressing vector) rapidly up-regulated Bcl6 expression and preferentially differentiated into T(FH) cells during T cell priming in vivo. |
| 8357 | 22271576 | These results demonstrate that IL-2, STAT5, and Blimp-1 collaborate to negatively regulate T(FH) cell differentiation. |
| 8358 | 22271576 | Constitutive STAT5 signaling in activated CD4(+) T cells selectively blocked T(FH) cell differentiation and GCs, and IL-2 signaling was a primary inducer of this pathway. |
| 8359 | 22271576 | Conversely, STAT5-deficient CD4(+) T cells (mature STAT5(fl/fl) CD4(+) T cells transduced with a Cre-expressing vector) rapidly up-regulated Bcl6 expression and preferentially differentiated into T(FH) cells during T cell priming in vivo. |
| 8360 | 22271576 | These results demonstrate that IL-2, STAT5, and Blimp-1 collaborate to negatively regulate T(FH) cell differentiation. |
| 8361 | 22285888 | Also, in both cohorts, the B*0801 and DRB1*0301 alleles, C*0802 and DPA1*0202 alleles, and DRB1*1303 alleles displayed consistent associations with variations in IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 secretion, respectively. |
| 8362 | 22291184 | ID93/SE induced Th2-biased immune responses, whereas ID93/GLA-SE induced multifunctional CD4(+) Th1 cell responses (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2). |
| 8363 | 22294447 | Two weeks after three subcutaneous doses of DNA vaccine, the mice were challenged intranasally with 1 LD50 of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus, and PB1- and HA-specific antibodies, survival rate, body weight change, viral mRNA load, infectious virus titer in the lungs, cytokines IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10, and granzyme-B were measured. |
| 8364 | 22310204 | The results showed that the group immunized with pcDNA-IMP1 developed a high level of specific antibody responses against Escherichia coli expressed recombinant TgIMP1, with high IgG antibody titers, predominance of IgG2a production, a strong lymphoproliferative response, and significant levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 production compared with the control groups. |
| 8365 | 22326899 | Formulations with AS01 elicited high frequencies of CD4(+) T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-2. |
| 8366 | 22326899 | The gE/AS01(B) candidate vaccine induced higher frequencies of CD4(+) T cells producing IL-2 and/or IFN-γ than all other gE/AS01 formulations, supporting its use for clinical evaluations. |
| 8367 | 22326899 | Formulations with AS01 elicited high frequencies of CD4(+) T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-2. |
| 8368 | 22326899 | The gE/AS01(B) candidate vaccine induced higher frequencies of CD4(+) T cells producing IL-2 and/or IFN-γ than all other gE/AS01 formulations, supporting its use for clinical evaluations. |
| 8369 | 22327125 | Properties of bcr-abl-transformed mouse 12B1 cells secreting interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: I. |
| 8370 | 22327125 | The highly oncogenic bcr-abl-transformed mouse (Balb/c) 12B1 cells were transfected with plasmids carrying genes for either mouse interleukin-2 (IL‑2) or the mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM‑CSF) and the gene for blasticidine resistance. |
| 8371 | 22327125 | When used in the form of inactivated vaccines, the GM-CSF-secreting cells were more immunogenic than the IL-2-secreting cells. |
| 8372 | 22327125 | Properties of bcr-abl-transformed mouse 12B1 cells secreting interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: I. |
| 8373 | 22327125 | The highly oncogenic bcr-abl-transformed mouse (Balb/c) 12B1 cells were transfected with plasmids carrying genes for either mouse interleukin-2 (IL‑2) or the mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM‑CSF) and the gene for blasticidine resistance. |
| 8374 | 22327125 | When used in the form of inactivated vaccines, the GM-CSF-secreting cells were more immunogenic than the IL-2-secreting cells. |
| 8375 | 22327125 | Properties of bcr-abl-transformed mouse 12B1 cells secreting interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: I. |
| 8376 | 22327125 | The highly oncogenic bcr-abl-transformed mouse (Balb/c) 12B1 cells were transfected with plasmids carrying genes for either mouse interleukin-2 (IL‑2) or the mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM‑CSF) and the gene for blasticidine resistance. |
| 8377 | 22327125 | When used in the form of inactivated vaccines, the GM-CSF-secreting cells were more immunogenic than the IL-2-secreting cells. |
| 8378 | 22371375 | Simultaneous administration did not enhance antibody levels and lowered the CRM(197)-specific cytokine release of gamma interferon, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-5 and IL-13. |
| 8379 | 22371423 | Particularly, our results predict that: (i) Immune complexes IL2/anti-IL2 mAbs, using mAbs which block the interaction of IL2 and CD25 (the alpha chain of IL2 receptor), is the best option to potentate immunity alone or in combination with vaccines. |
| 8380 | 22371423 | These complexes are optimal when a 1:2 molar ratio of mAb:IL2 is used and the mAbs have the largest possible affinity; (ii) Immune complexes IL2/anti-IL2 mAbs, using mAbs which block the interaction of IL2 and CD122 (the beta chain of IL2 receptor), are the best option to reinforce preexistent natural tolerance, for instance to prevent allograft rejection. |
| 8381 | 22371423 | Particularly, our results predict that: (i) Immune complexes IL2/anti-IL2 mAbs, using mAbs which block the interaction of IL2 and CD25 (the alpha chain of IL2 receptor), is the best option to potentate immunity alone or in combination with vaccines. |
| 8382 | 22371423 | These complexes are optimal when a 1:2 molar ratio of mAb:IL2 is used and the mAbs have the largest possible affinity; (ii) Immune complexes IL2/anti-IL2 mAbs, using mAbs which block the interaction of IL2 and CD122 (the beta chain of IL2 receptor), are the best option to reinforce preexistent natural tolerance, for instance to prevent allograft rejection. |
| 8383 | 22379063 | Levels of IgG antibody, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10 were examined. |
| 8384 | 22379063 | The levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgG, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12 increased significantly, and the numbers of cysts in brains decreased more obviously, in the group immunized with plasmid pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1 than in the other groups (P < 0.05). |
| 8385 | 22379063 | Levels of IgG antibody, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10 were examined. |
| 8386 | 22379063 | The levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgG, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12 increased significantly, and the numbers of cysts in brains decreased more obviously, in the group immunized with plasmid pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1 than in the other groups (P < 0.05). |
| 8387 | 22412866 | We hypothesized that this immunity depends on polyfunctional memory T cells, i.e., CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T cells with the capability to simultaneously express several functional markers. |
| 8388 | 22412866 | Significant differences were detected between either of the immune donor groups and naïve individuals for secreted levels of IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and MIP-1β. |
| 8389 | 22412866 | Expression of IFN-γ, MIP-1β, and CD107a by CD4(+)CD45RO(+) or CD8(+)CD45RO(+) T cells correlated to antigen concentrations. |
| 8390 | 22412866 | Notably, IL-2- or TNF-α-secretion was low. |
| 8391 | 22415304 | Rv0577 recognizes Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and functionally induces DC maturation by augmenting the expression of cell surface molecules (CD80, CD86, and MHC class I and II) and proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70) in DCs on MyD88-dependent signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear factor κB signaling pathways. |
| 8392 | 22415304 | In addition, Rv0577-treated DCs activated naive T cells, effectively polarized CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to secrete IFN-γ and IL-2, and induced T-cell proliferation, indicating that this protein possibly contributes to Th1-polarization of the immune response. |
| 8393 | 22415304 | More important, unlike LPS, Rv0577-treated DCs specifically induced the proliferation of memory CD4(+)/CD8(+)CD44(high)CD62L(low) T cells in the spleen of M. tuberculosis-infected mice in a TLR2-dependent manner. |
| 8394 | 22425788 | In addition, GLA-SE induced a strong cellular immune response characterized by multi-functional, antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells secreting IL-2, TNF and IFN-γ. |
| 8395 | 22425788 | In contrast, mice immunized with SE or R848-SE produced low numbers of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells, and these T cells secreted IL-2 and TNF, but not IFN-γ. |
| 8396 | 22425788 | In addition, GLA-SE induced a strong cellular immune response characterized by multi-functional, antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells secreting IL-2, TNF and IFN-γ. |
| 8397 | 22425788 | In contrast, mice immunized with SE or R848-SE produced low numbers of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells, and these T cells secreted IL-2 and TNF, but not IFN-γ. |
| 8398 | 22441393 | Short-term HAART resulted in a moderate increase in the expression of PD-1 on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells; yet, there was still a significant reduction in viral load and recovery of CD4(+) T cells. |
| 8399 | 22441393 | There were no significant changes in the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) or Th-2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) in the corresponding samples. |
| 8400 | 22442347 | IL-21 inhibits T cell IL-2 production and impairs Treg homeostasis. |
| 8401 | 22442347 | We show that IL-21 counteracts suppression by acting on conventional T cells and that this is associated with inhibition of IL-2 production. |
| 8402 | 22442347 | Despite the lack of IL-2, conventional T-cell responses proceed unimpaired because IL-21 can substitute for IL-2 as a T cell growth factor. |
| 8403 | 22442347 | However, IL-21 is unable to substitute for IL-2 in supporting the Treg compartment. |
| 8404 | 22442347 | Thus, IL-21 signaling in conventional T cells indirectly impacts Treg homeostasis by decreasing IL-2 availability. |
| 8405 | 22442347 | These data demonstrate that IL-21 and IL-2 can have overlapping roles in promoting conventional T-cell responses but play distinct roles in controlling Treg homeostasis and function. |
| 8406 | 22442347 | IL-21 inhibits T cell IL-2 production and impairs Treg homeostasis. |
| 8407 | 22442347 | We show that IL-21 counteracts suppression by acting on conventional T cells and that this is associated with inhibition of IL-2 production. |
| 8408 | 22442347 | Despite the lack of IL-2, conventional T-cell responses proceed unimpaired because IL-21 can substitute for IL-2 as a T cell growth factor. |
| 8409 | 22442347 | However, IL-21 is unable to substitute for IL-2 in supporting the Treg compartment. |
| 8410 | 22442347 | Thus, IL-21 signaling in conventional T cells indirectly impacts Treg homeostasis by decreasing IL-2 availability. |
| 8411 | 22442347 | These data demonstrate that IL-21 and IL-2 can have overlapping roles in promoting conventional T-cell responses but play distinct roles in controlling Treg homeostasis and function. |
| 8412 | 22442347 | IL-21 inhibits T cell IL-2 production and impairs Treg homeostasis. |
| 8413 | 22442347 | We show that IL-21 counteracts suppression by acting on conventional T cells and that this is associated with inhibition of IL-2 production. |
| 8414 | 22442347 | Despite the lack of IL-2, conventional T-cell responses proceed unimpaired because IL-21 can substitute for IL-2 as a T cell growth factor. |
| 8415 | 22442347 | However, IL-21 is unable to substitute for IL-2 in supporting the Treg compartment. |
| 8416 | 22442347 | Thus, IL-21 signaling in conventional T cells indirectly impacts Treg homeostasis by decreasing IL-2 availability. |
| 8417 | 22442347 | These data demonstrate that IL-21 and IL-2 can have overlapping roles in promoting conventional T-cell responses but play distinct roles in controlling Treg homeostasis and function. |
| 8418 | 22442347 | IL-21 inhibits T cell IL-2 production and impairs Treg homeostasis. |
| 8419 | 22442347 | We show that IL-21 counteracts suppression by acting on conventional T cells and that this is associated with inhibition of IL-2 production. |
| 8420 | 22442347 | Despite the lack of IL-2, conventional T-cell responses proceed unimpaired because IL-21 can substitute for IL-2 as a T cell growth factor. |
| 8421 | 22442347 | However, IL-21 is unable to substitute for IL-2 in supporting the Treg compartment. |
| 8422 | 22442347 | Thus, IL-21 signaling in conventional T cells indirectly impacts Treg homeostasis by decreasing IL-2 availability. |
| 8423 | 22442347 | These data demonstrate that IL-21 and IL-2 can have overlapping roles in promoting conventional T-cell responses but play distinct roles in controlling Treg homeostasis and function. |
| 8424 | 22442347 | IL-21 inhibits T cell IL-2 production and impairs Treg homeostasis. |
| 8425 | 22442347 | We show that IL-21 counteracts suppression by acting on conventional T cells and that this is associated with inhibition of IL-2 production. |
| 8426 | 22442347 | Despite the lack of IL-2, conventional T-cell responses proceed unimpaired because IL-21 can substitute for IL-2 as a T cell growth factor. |
| 8427 | 22442347 | However, IL-21 is unable to substitute for IL-2 in supporting the Treg compartment. |
| 8428 | 22442347 | Thus, IL-21 signaling in conventional T cells indirectly impacts Treg homeostasis by decreasing IL-2 availability. |
| 8429 | 22442347 | These data demonstrate that IL-21 and IL-2 can have overlapping roles in promoting conventional T-cell responses but play distinct roles in controlling Treg homeostasis and function. |
| 8430 | 22442347 | IL-21 inhibits T cell IL-2 production and impairs Treg homeostasis. |
| 8431 | 22442347 | We show that IL-21 counteracts suppression by acting on conventional T cells and that this is associated with inhibition of IL-2 production. |
| 8432 | 22442347 | Despite the lack of IL-2, conventional T-cell responses proceed unimpaired because IL-21 can substitute for IL-2 as a T cell growth factor. |
| 8433 | 22442347 | However, IL-21 is unable to substitute for IL-2 in supporting the Treg compartment. |
| 8434 | 22442347 | Thus, IL-21 signaling in conventional T cells indirectly impacts Treg homeostasis by decreasing IL-2 availability. |
| 8435 | 22442347 | These data demonstrate that IL-21 and IL-2 can have overlapping roles in promoting conventional T-cell responses but play distinct roles in controlling Treg homeostasis and function. |
| 8436 | 22442674 | Furthermore, the ΔmmaA4BCG-DDA/TDB vaccine induced significantly higher frequencies of multifunctional (MFT) CD4 T cells expressing both IFNγ and TNFα (double positive) or IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2 (triple positive) than CD4 T cells derived from mice vaccinated with BCG. |
| 8437 | 22442674 | Interestingly, both BCG/adjuvant and ΔmmaA4BCG/adjuvant formulations induced significantly higher frequencies of CD4 T cells expressing TNFα and IL-2 than nonadjuvanted BCG or ΔmmaA4BCG vaccines indicating that BCG/adjuvant mixtures may be more effective at inducing central memory T cells. |
| 8438 | 22442674 | Furthermore, the ΔmmaA4BCG-DDA/TDB vaccine induced significantly higher frequencies of multifunctional (MFT) CD4 T cells expressing both IFNγ and TNFα (double positive) or IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2 (triple positive) than CD4 T cells derived from mice vaccinated with BCG. |
| 8439 | 22442674 | Interestingly, both BCG/adjuvant and ΔmmaA4BCG/adjuvant formulations induced significantly higher frequencies of CD4 T cells expressing TNFα and IL-2 than nonadjuvanted BCG or ΔmmaA4BCG vaccines indicating that BCG/adjuvant mixtures may be more effective at inducing central memory T cells. |
| 8440 | 22446515 | Properties of bcr-abl-transformed mouse 12B1 cells secreting interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF): II. |
| 8441 | 22446515 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is considered to be the most effective immunostimulating factor for the construction of gene-engineered anti-cancer vaccines. |
| 8442 | 22446515 | A cell line, designated 12B1/GM-CSF/cl-5 producing more than 100 ng/106 cells/24 h, displayed higher pathogenicity than the parental, non-transduced cells. |
| 8443 | 22446515 | Although the tumours induced by the parental 12B1 cells and 12B1/GM-CSF/cl-5 cells appeared nearly at the same time and then grew at an approximately equal rate, the latter mice were in a much poorer clinical condition. |
| 8444 | 22446515 | In both groups of animals splenomegaly was observed; it was much more pronounced in the case of 12B1/GM-CSF/cl-5-inoculated animals. |
| 8445 | 22446515 | When GM-CSF neutralizing antibody was administered to animals inoculated with the 12B1/GM-CSF/cl-5 cells, the pathological changes observed within the organs were suppressed, this proving that the overproduced GM-CSF and not any other substance, played the key role in their induction. |
| 8446 | 22461525 | Heparin-binding hemagglutinin induces IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) IL-17(+) multifunctional CD4(+) T cells during latent but not active tuberculosis disease. |
| 8447 | 22461525 | We have assessed HBHA-specific intracellular IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-17 production by CD4(+) T cells in TB cases and household contacts (HHCs) as well as the level of secreted IFN-γ in whole-blood culture supernatant. |
| 8448 | 22461525 | Our study revealed that HBHA induces multifunctional IFN-γ-, IL-2-, and IL-17-coexpressing CD4(+) T cells in HHCs but not in active TB cases; however, IFN-γ levels in culture supernatant did not differ between participant groups. |
| 8449 | 22461525 | Heparin-binding hemagglutinin induces IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) IL-17(+) multifunctional CD4(+) T cells during latent but not active tuberculosis disease. |
| 8450 | 22461525 | We have assessed HBHA-specific intracellular IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-17 production by CD4(+) T cells in TB cases and household contacts (HHCs) as well as the level of secreted IFN-γ in whole-blood culture supernatant. |
| 8451 | 22461525 | Our study revealed that HBHA induces multifunctional IFN-γ-, IL-2-, and IL-17-coexpressing CD4(+) T cells in HHCs but not in active TB cases; however, IFN-γ levels in culture supernatant did not differ between participant groups. |
| 8452 | 22461525 | Heparin-binding hemagglutinin induces IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) IL-17(+) multifunctional CD4(+) T cells during latent but not active tuberculosis disease. |
| 8453 | 22461525 | We have assessed HBHA-specific intracellular IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-17 production by CD4(+) T cells in TB cases and household contacts (HHCs) as well as the level of secreted IFN-γ in whole-blood culture supernatant. |
| 8454 | 22461525 | Our study revealed that HBHA induces multifunctional IFN-γ-, IL-2-, and IL-17-coexpressing CD4(+) T cells in HHCs but not in active TB cases; however, IFN-γ levels in culture supernatant did not differ between participant groups. |
| 8455 | 22465737 | The results showed that the mice immunized with pVAX-Enol developed a high level of specific antibody responses against A. suum, a strong lymphoproliferative response, and significant levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 production, compared with the other groups immunized with empty plasmid or blank controls, respectively. |
| 8456 | 22467649 | Signal integration by Akt regulates CD8 T cell effector and memory differentiation. |
| 8457 | 22467649 | The strength and nature of TCR signaling, along with signals delivered by cytokines like IL-2 and IL-12, influence differentiation of SLECs and memory precursor effector cells. |
| 8458 | 22467649 | Whereas sustained Akt activation severely impaired CD8 T cell memory and protective immunity, in vivo inhibition of Akt rescued SLECs from deletion and increased the number of memory CD8 T cells. |
| 8459 | 22499863 | The expression of IL-2 and IL-6 in tracheal and lung tissues increased significantly in the early period after booster immunization. |
| 8460 | 22504409 | The peptides were tested with poxvirus-vaccinated human PBMC and serum for eliciting memory responses, as well as with splenocytes and serum from peptide-immunized, human HLA-DR04 transgenic (HLA tg) mice. vIL18BP105 induced 5-fold proliferation of vaccinated-donor PBMC over non-vaccinated (P<0.001), including IL-2-producing CD8+ cells. |
| 8461 | 22504653 | RTS,S/AS01 (E) vaccinees make stronger T cell IFN-γ, CD69, and CD25 responses to HBs peptides than do controls, indicating that RTS,S boosts pre-existing HBs responses. |
| 8462 | 22504653 | T cell CD69 and CD25 responses to CS and CS-specific secreted IL-2 were augmented by RTS,S vaccination. |
| 8463 | 22504653 | Importantly, more than 50% of peptide-induced IFN-γ(+) lymphocytes were NK cells, and the magnitude of the NK cell CD69 response to HBs peptides correlated with secreted IL-2 concentration. |
| 8464 | 22504653 | CD69 and CD25 expression and IL-2 secretion may represent sensitive markers of RTS,S-induced, CS-specific T cells. |
| 8465 | 22504653 | RTS,S/AS01 (E) vaccinees make stronger T cell IFN-γ, CD69, and CD25 responses to HBs peptides than do controls, indicating that RTS,S boosts pre-existing HBs responses. |
| 8466 | 22504653 | T cell CD69 and CD25 responses to CS and CS-specific secreted IL-2 were augmented by RTS,S vaccination. |
| 8467 | 22504653 | Importantly, more than 50% of peptide-induced IFN-γ(+) lymphocytes were NK cells, and the magnitude of the NK cell CD69 response to HBs peptides correlated with secreted IL-2 concentration. |
| 8468 | 22504653 | CD69 and CD25 expression and IL-2 secretion may represent sensitive markers of RTS,S-induced, CS-specific T cells. |
| 8469 | 22504653 | RTS,S/AS01 (E) vaccinees make stronger T cell IFN-γ, CD69, and CD25 responses to HBs peptides than do controls, indicating that RTS,S boosts pre-existing HBs responses. |
| 8470 | 22504653 | T cell CD69 and CD25 responses to CS and CS-specific secreted IL-2 were augmented by RTS,S vaccination. |
| 8471 | 22504653 | Importantly, more than 50% of peptide-induced IFN-γ(+) lymphocytes were NK cells, and the magnitude of the NK cell CD69 response to HBs peptides correlated with secreted IL-2 concentration. |
| 8472 | 22504653 | CD69 and CD25 expression and IL-2 secretion may represent sensitive markers of RTS,S-induced, CS-specific T cells. |
| 8473 | 22507968 | Furthermore, CD8(+) splenocytes for IFN-γ positive cell assay and the release profile of Th1/Th2 type cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, and IL-4) showed that hydrogel/Ad-GPZ generated an overwhelmingly enhanced Th1 biased cellular immune response. |
| 8474 | 22509395 | Tumor-targeted delivery of IL-2 by NKG2D leads to accumulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor loci and enhanced anti-tumor effects. |
| 8475 | 22509395 | Because NKG2D ligands have been shown to be highly expressed in many cancer cells but not in healthy cells, we reason that a chimeric protein consisting of NKG2D linked to IL-2 will lead to the specific targeting of IL-2 to the tumor location. |
| 8476 | 22509395 | Therefore, we created chimeric proteins consisting of NKG2D linked to Gaussia luciferase (GLuc; a marker protein) or IL-2 to form NKG2D-Fc-GLuc and NKG2D-Fc-IL2, respectively. |
| 8477 | 22509395 | Furthermore, we showed that TC-1 tumor-bearing mice intramuscularly injected with DNA encoding NKG2D-Fc-IL2, followed by electroporation, exhibited an increased number of luciferase-expressing E7-specific CD8+ T cells at the tumor location. |
| 8478 | 22509395 | Therefore, by linking NKG2D to IL2, we are able to specifically deliver IL-2 to the tumor location, enhancing antigen-specific T-cell immune response and controlling tumor growth. |
| 8479 | 22509395 | Tumor-targeted delivery of IL-2 by NKG2D leads to accumulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor loci and enhanced anti-tumor effects. |
| 8480 | 22509395 | Because NKG2D ligands have been shown to be highly expressed in many cancer cells but not in healthy cells, we reason that a chimeric protein consisting of NKG2D linked to IL-2 will lead to the specific targeting of IL-2 to the tumor location. |
| 8481 | 22509395 | Therefore, we created chimeric proteins consisting of NKG2D linked to Gaussia luciferase (GLuc; a marker protein) or IL-2 to form NKG2D-Fc-GLuc and NKG2D-Fc-IL2, respectively. |
| 8482 | 22509395 | Furthermore, we showed that TC-1 tumor-bearing mice intramuscularly injected with DNA encoding NKG2D-Fc-IL2, followed by electroporation, exhibited an increased number of luciferase-expressing E7-specific CD8+ T cells at the tumor location. |
| 8483 | 22509395 | Therefore, by linking NKG2D to IL2, we are able to specifically deliver IL-2 to the tumor location, enhancing antigen-specific T-cell immune response and controlling tumor growth. |
| 8484 | 22509395 | Tumor-targeted delivery of IL-2 by NKG2D leads to accumulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor loci and enhanced anti-tumor effects. |
| 8485 | 22509395 | Because NKG2D ligands have been shown to be highly expressed in many cancer cells but not in healthy cells, we reason that a chimeric protein consisting of NKG2D linked to IL-2 will lead to the specific targeting of IL-2 to the tumor location. |
| 8486 | 22509395 | Therefore, we created chimeric proteins consisting of NKG2D linked to Gaussia luciferase (GLuc; a marker protein) or IL-2 to form NKG2D-Fc-GLuc and NKG2D-Fc-IL2, respectively. |
| 8487 | 22509395 | Furthermore, we showed that TC-1 tumor-bearing mice intramuscularly injected with DNA encoding NKG2D-Fc-IL2, followed by electroporation, exhibited an increased number of luciferase-expressing E7-specific CD8+ T cells at the tumor location. |
| 8488 | 22509395 | Therefore, by linking NKG2D to IL2, we are able to specifically deliver IL-2 to the tumor location, enhancing antigen-specific T-cell immune response and controlling tumor growth. |
| 8489 | 22509395 | Tumor-targeted delivery of IL-2 by NKG2D leads to accumulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor loci and enhanced anti-tumor effects. |
| 8490 | 22509395 | Because NKG2D ligands have been shown to be highly expressed in many cancer cells but not in healthy cells, we reason that a chimeric protein consisting of NKG2D linked to IL-2 will lead to the specific targeting of IL-2 to the tumor location. |
| 8491 | 22509395 | Therefore, we created chimeric proteins consisting of NKG2D linked to Gaussia luciferase (GLuc; a marker protein) or IL-2 to form NKG2D-Fc-GLuc and NKG2D-Fc-IL2, respectively. |
| 8492 | 22509395 | Furthermore, we showed that TC-1 tumor-bearing mice intramuscularly injected with DNA encoding NKG2D-Fc-IL2, followed by electroporation, exhibited an increased number of luciferase-expressing E7-specific CD8+ T cells at the tumor location. |
| 8493 | 22509395 | Therefore, by linking NKG2D to IL2, we are able to specifically deliver IL-2 to the tumor location, enhancing antigen-specific T-cell immune response and controlling tumor growth. |
| 8494 | 22518008 | However, mice that were vaccinated twice with the DNA vaccine and boosted with the IPV could mount a sufficient neutralizing antibody response against live PHE-CoV, with little variation in IgG1 and IgG2a levels, and showed high levels of IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 8495 | 22521604 | Analysis of cytokine production by stimulated splenocytes demonstrated that prenatal Cd exposure decreased IL-2 and IL-4 production by cells from female offspring at 2weeks of age. |
| 8496 | 22521604 | CD4(+)FoxP3(+)CD25(+) (nTreg) cell percentages were increased in the spleen and thymus in all Cd-exposed offspring except in the female spleen where a decrease was seen. |
| 8497 | 22521604 | CD8(+)CD223(+) T cells were markedly decreased in the spleens in all offspring at 7weeks of age. |
| 8498 | 22529301 | Intracellular cytokine staining confirmed that Env responses predominated (19 of 30; 63% of vaccine recipients) and were mediated by polyfunctional effector memory CD4(+) T cells, with the majority of responders producing both IL-2 and IFN-γ (12 of 19; 63%). |
| 8499 | 22529301 | Proliferation assays revealed that HIV Ag-specific T cells were CD4(+), with the majority (80%) expressing CD107a. |
| 8500 | 22532670 | Using polychromatic flow cytometry, we measured levels of degranulation, cytokine expression (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and interleukin-2 [IL-2]), and the cytolytic mediator granzyme B. |
| 8501 | 22532670 | In vivo killing assays revealed that CD8(+) T cells specific for both viruses were equally cytolytic (∼80% target cell lysis after 4 h), consistent with the similar levels of granzyme B and degranulation detected among these cells. |
| 8502 | 22552442 | We found that pcDNA3.1-T-bet-Ag85B not only induced evidently higher IgG2a antibody responses, but also increased the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2 with the concomitant repression of IL-4 and IL-10 compared with pcDNA3.1-Ag85B alone or the empty vector. |
| 8503 | 22564618 | With some anti-IL-2 mAbs, injection of IL-2/mAb complexes leads to expansion of CD8 T effector cells but not CD4 T regulatory cells (Tregs); these complexes exert less adverse side effects than soluble IL-2 and display powerful antitumor activity. |
| 8504 | 22564618 | Other IL-2/mAb complexes have minimal effects on CD8 T cells but cause marked expansion of Tregs. |
| 8505 | 22564618 | With some anti-IL-2 mAbs, injection of IL-2/mAb complexes leads to expansion of CD8 T effector cells but not CD4 T regulatory cells (Tregs); these complexes exert less adverse side effects than soluble IL-2 and display powerful antitumor activity. |
| 8506 | 22564618 | Other IL-2/mAb complexes have minimal effects on CD8 T cells but cause marked expansion of Tregs. |
| 8507 | 22573165 | Antigen-specific antibody isotypes IgG1 and IgG2a, were produced, and cell-mediated immunity [CMI], using interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma as indirect indicators, was induced in mice vaccinated with the aroQ B. pertussis vaccine candidate, which were substantially enhanced upon second exposure to virulent B. pertussis. |
| 8508 | 22585548 | As in human skin, Langerhans cells (LCs) resided exclusively in the macaque epidermis, expressing CD11c, high levels of CD1a and langerin (CD207). |
| 8509 | 22585548 | After injection into macaques, CD34-DCs expressing HIV-Gag induced Gag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, MIP-1β, or IL-2. |
| 8510 | 22634440 | We also detected elevated production of IL-2 and IFNγ and low frequencies of CD4(+) T cells producing single or multiple Th1 cytokines after stimulating PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) with the HAC1 antigen in vitro. |
| 8511 | 22649090 | Reciprocally, treatment of macaques with interleukin-2 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor before infection led to depletion of T(H)17 cells, reduction of the ratio between T(H)17 cells and CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low) regulatory T cells, and higher viral loads for 6 months after infection. |
| 8512 | 22679502 | Typhi antigens in T memory subsets, we developed multiparametric flow cytometry methods to detect up to 6 cytokines/chemokines (IL-10, IL-17A, IL-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β)) simultaneously. |
| 8513 | 22679502 | Virtually all of the IL-17A detected was derived from multifunctional CD8+ T cells. |
| 8514 | 22679502 | The presence of these multifunctional IL-17A+ CD8+ T cells was confirmed using an unsupervised analysis program, flow cytometry clustering without K (FLOCK). |
| 8515 | 22679502 | The presence of IL-17A in multifunctional cells co-producing Tc1 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α) may also indicate that the distinction between Tc17 and Tc1 responses in humans is not as clearly delineated as suggested by in vitro experiments and animal models. |
| 8516 | 22679502 | Typhi antigens in T memory subsets, we developed multiparametric flow cytometry methods to detect up to 6 cytokines/chemokines (IL-10, IL-17A, IL-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β)) simultaneously. |
| 8517 | 22679502 | Virtually all of the IL-17A detected was derived from multifunctional CD8+ T cells. |
| 8518 | 22679502 | The presence of these multifunctional IL-17A+ CD8+ T cells was confirmed using an unsupervised analysis program, flow cytometry clustering without K (FLOCK). |
| 8519 | 22679502 | The presence of IL-17A in multifunctional cells co-producing Tc1 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α) may also indicate that the distinction between Tc17 and Tc1 responses in humans is not as clearly delineated as suggested by in vitro experiments and animal models. |
| 8520 | 22705088 | PBMCs were collected from vaccinated subjects, and seven cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-λ1, and IL-6) involved in measles virus-specific cytokine immune responses were examined. |
| 8521 | 22706381 | Therefore, the efficacy of a new cancer vaccine based on a truncated form of survivin, combined with IL-2, DNA prime, and rAd boost, was tested. |
| 8522 | 22706381 | These results indicated that vaccination with a truncated survivin vaccine using DNA prime-rAd boost combined with IL-2 adjuvant and carboplatin represents an attractive strategy to overcoming immune tolerance to tumors and has potential therapeutic benefits in melanoma cancer. |
| 8523 | 22706381 | Therefore, the efficacy of a new cancer vaccine based on a truncated form of survivin, combined with IL-2, DNA prime, and rAd boost, was tested. |
| 8524 | 22706381 | These results indicated that vaccination with a truncated survivin vaccine using DNA prime-rAd boost combined with IL-2 adjuvant and carboplatin represents an attractive strategy to overcoming immune tolerance to tumors and has potential therapeutic benefits in melanoma cancer. |
| 8525 | 22719990 | Increasing pre-stimulation from 2 to 6 hours amplified the diversity of the seven potential multifunctional CD4 T cell subsets that secreted any combination of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α. |
| 8526 | 22728225 | Immuno-phenotyping of the anti-influenza response was performed including antibody isotypes, B-cell ELISPOT, CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation, influenza-stimulated cytokine secretion, DTH skin tests and challenge with live influenza virus. |
| 8527 | 22728225 | It similarly enhanced CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation and increased influenza-stimulated IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-6, and GM-CSF responses. |
| 8528 | 22735846 | The expression of intracellular cytokines (IL-2, IL-4 and IFNγ) in CD4+- and CD8+-cells was also enhanced following in-vitro stimulation with SE22. |
| 8529 | 22750042 | The interleukins (ILs) such as IL-2 and IL-12 were added to the vaccine formulation to further enhance the immune response. |
| 8530 | 22750042 | Moreover, CD8+ T-cell, CD4+ T-cell and B-cell populations in different lymphatic organs were elevated in case of vaccinated mice. |
| 8531 | 22754326 | Notably, pigs immunized with the plasmid pEGFP-IL18-M developed significantly higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 production response and stronger specific T-lymphocyte proliferation response than the pigs inoculated with the plasmids pEGFP-M and pEGFP-IL18 (P < 0.05). |
| 8532 | 22798665 | We observed that Gag stimulation of macaque PBMCs induced subset-specific NK cell responses in SIV-controlling but not SIV-noncontrolling animals, as well as that circulatory NK cell responses were dependent on Ag-specific IL-2 production by CD4(+) central memory T cells. |
| 8533 | 22798665 | NK cell activation was blocked by anti-IL-2-neutralizing Ab and by CD4(+) T cell depletion, which abrogated the Gag-specific responses. |
| 8534 | 22798665 | We observed that Gag stimulation of macaque PBMCs induced subset-specific NK cell responses in SIV-controlling but not SIV-noncontrolling animals, as well as that circulatory NK cell responses were dependent on Ag-specific IL-2 production by CD4(+) central memory T cells. |
| 8535 | 22798665 | NK cell activation was blocked by anti-IL-2-neutralizing Ab and by CD4(+) T cell depletion, which abrogated the Gag-specific responses. |
| 8536 | 22829882 | With regard to cytokines, the SAP led to production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-4. |
| 8537 | 22829882 | IFA promoted production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 8538 | 22829882 | We also observed that MPL induced high production of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, in addition to IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10. |
| 8539 | 22829882 | With regard to cytokines, the SAP led to production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-4. |
| 8540 | 22829882 | IFA promoted production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 8541 | 22829882 | We also observed that MPL induced high production of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, in addition to IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10. |
| 8542 | 22837100 | The results show that vaccination by the multicomponent vaccine prolonged survival of mice challenged with the T. gondii RH strain (from average 4.50 ± 0.22 to 7.60 ± 0.74 days); induced high levels of IgG antibody (from 0.252 ± 0.080 to 0.790 ± 0.083), IFN-gamma (from 598.74 ± 67.50 to 853.77 ± 66.74 pg/ml), and IL-2 (from 89.44 ± 10.66 to 192.24 ± 19.90 pg/ml); changed the CD4(+)/CD8(+) lymphocyte ratio (from 1.81 ± 0.14 to 1.09 ± 0.19); and stimulated NK cell-killing activity (from 46.81 ± 3.96 to 64.15 ± 7.71 %). |
| 8543 | 22837483 | Binding of this receptor to its ligands, B7-H1 (PD-L1) and B7-DC (PD-L2), attenuates T cell activation, reduces IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion, decreases proliferation and cytotoxicity, and induces apoptosis. |
| 8544 | 22837483 | We found that these differences play critical roles in anti-tumor immune effect exhibited by B7-DC-Ig through inhibiting proliferation of PD-1(high) CD4 T cells, leading to a significant decrease in the level of these cells, which are enriched for regulatory T cells, within the tumor. |
| 8545 | 22837483 | In addition, it also leads to a decrease in PD-1(high) CD8 T cells, tipping the balance toward nonexhausted functional PD-1(low) CD8 T cells. |
| 8546 | 22846987 | Furthermore, the elicited IL-2, IL-4 and γ-IFN levels showed good correlation with the degree of protection. |
| 8547 | 22861368 | Multi-parameter flow cytometry was used to delineate CD4(+) T cell populations and phenotypes producing interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-4. |
| 8548 | 22861368 | Based on surface CD69 expression, infants demonstrated activation of vaccine antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells similar to adults. |
| 8549 | 22861368 | However, among infants, Boolean combinations of gates suggested that type 1 (Th-1) CD4(+) T cell responses were confined largely to TNF-α(+) IL-2(+) IFN-γ(-) or TNF-α(+) IL-2(-) IFN-γ(-) . |
| 8550 | 22861368 | A significantly lower percentage of polyfunctional T helper type 1 (Th1) responses (TNF-α(+) IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) ) and type 2 (Th2) responses (IL-4) were present in the infants compared to adults. |
| 8551 | 22861368 | Moreover, a significantly higher percentage of infants' functional CD4(+) T cells were restricted to CD45RA(-) CCR7(+) CD27(+) phenotype, consistent with early-stage differentiated pertussis-specific memory CD4(+) T cells. |
| 8552 | 22861368 | Multi-parameter flow cytometry was used to delineate CD4(+) T cell populations and phenotypes producing interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-4. |
| 8553 | 22861368 | Based on surface CD69 expression, infants demonstrated activation of vaccine antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells similar to adults. |
| 8554 | 22861368 | However, among infants, Boolean combinations of gates suggested that type 1 (Th-1) CD4(+) T cell responses were confined largely to TNF-α(+) IL-2(+) IFN-γ(-) or TNF-α(+) IL-2(-) IFN-γ(-) . |
| 8555 | 22861368 | A significantly lower percentage of polyfunctional T helper type 1 (Th1) responses (TNF-α(+) IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) ) and type 2 (Th2) responses (IL-4) were present in the infants compared to adults. |
| 8556 | 22861368 | Moreover, a significantly higher percentage of infants' functional CD4(+) T cells were restricted to CD45RA(-) CCR7(+) CD27(+) phenotype, consistent with early-stage differentiated pertussis-specific memory CD4(+) T cells. |
| 8557 | 22861368 | Multi-parameter flow cytometry was used to delineate CD4(+) T cell populations and phenotypes producing interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-4. |
| 8558 | 22861368 | Based on surface CD69 expression, infants demonstrated activation of vaccine antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells similar to adults. |
| 8559 | 22861368 | However, among infants, Boolean combinations of gates suggested that type 1 (Th-1) CD4(+) T cell responses were confined largely to TNF-α(+) IL-2(+) IFN-γ(-) or TNF-α(+) IL-2(-) IFN-γ(-) . |
| 8560 | 22861368 | A significantly lower percentage of polyfunctional T helper type 1 (Th1) responses (TNF-α(+) IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) ) and type 2 (Th2) responses (IL-4) were present in the infants compared to adults. |
| 8561 | 22861368 | Moreover, a significantly higher percentage of infants' functional CD4(+) T cells were restricted to CD45RA(-) CCR7(+) CD27(+) phenotype, consistent with early-stage differentiated pertussis-specific memory CD4(+) T cells. |
| 8562 | 22871805 | FoxP3⁺ regulatory CD4 T cells control the generation of functional CD8 memory. |
| 8563 | 22871805 | The FoxP3(+) regulatory CD4 T-cell subset (Treg) is known as a key suppressive component of the immune system. |
| 8564 | 22871805 | We find that the Tregs act early, during the expansion phase of primary CD8 effectors, by fine tuning interleukin-2 exposure of CD8 memory precursors. |
| 8565 | 22875619 | We isolated phenotypically defined CD4(+) T-cell subpopulations from circulating lymphocytes of DR52b(+) healthy donors by flow cytometry cell sorting and stimulated them in vitro with peptide ESO(119-143), autologous APC and IL-2. |
| 8566 | 22875619 | We isolated ESO-tetramer(+) cells by flow cytometry cell sorting and expanded them with PHA, APC and IL-2 to generate ESO-specific T(H) lines. |
| 8567 | 22875619 | Using this approach, we could consistently generate ESO-tetramer(+) T(H) lines from conventional CD4(+)CD25(-) naïve and central memory populations, but not from effector memory populations or CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg. |
| 8568 | 22875619 | We isolated phenotypically defined CD4(+) T-cell subpopulations from circulating lymphocytes of DR52b(+) healthy donors by flow cytometry cell sorting and stimulated them in vitro with peptide ESO(119-143), autologous APC and IL-2. |
| 8569 | 22875619 | We isolated ESO-tetramer(+) cells by flow cytometry cell sorting and expanded them with PHA, APC and IL-2 to generate ESO-specific T(H) lines. |
| 8570 | 22875619 | Using this approach, we could consistently generate ESO-tetramer(+) T(H) lines from conventional CD4(+)CD25(-) naïve and central memory populations, but not from effector memory populations or CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg. |
| 8571 | 22894960 | The CD3(+), CD127(+), CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells were increased significantly post vaccination. |
| 8572 | 22894960 | The plasma level of the transforming growth factor (TGF-β), but not interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, was also found to increase significantly after vaccination. |
| 8573 | 22904313 | Peripheral blood monocytes were treated with GM-CSF and IL-4 to yield immature DCs, which were matured by addition of LPS and CD40 ligand (CD40L), with or without ESAT-6. |
| 8574 | 22904313 | ESAT-6 inhibited LPS/CD40L-induced DC expression of costimulatory molecules, reduced DC-stimulated allogeneic T cell proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-γ production, and enhanced IL-17 production. |
| 8575 | 22904313 | ESAT-6 inhibited LPS/CD40L-induced DC production of IL-12 and enhanced that of IL-23 and IL-1β, without affecting secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-8 through specific interaction with immature DCs. |
| 8576 | 22904313 | Medium from ESAT-6-conditioned DCs increased IL-17 and reduced IFN-γ production by T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, and ESAT-6-induced IL-17 production was blocked by neutralizing both IL-23 and IL-1β. |
| 8577 | 22904313 | ESAT-6 reduced LPS/CD40L-stimulated transcription of IL-12p35 and enhanced that of IL-23p19 through inhibition of IFN regulatory factor-1 and upregulation of activating transcription factor-2 and c-Jun, transcriptional regulators of IL-12p35 and IL-23p19, respectively. |
| 8578 | 22904313 | We conclude that ESAT-6 increases DC production of IL-23 and IL-1β while inhibiting that of IL-12, thus enhancing Th17 at the expense of protective Th1 responses. |
| 8579 | 22912884 | Furthermore, we show that distinct polyfunctional (interferon-γ(+), tumor necrosis factor(+), and interleukin-2(+)) Salmonella-specific CD4(+) T cell responses develop with respect to magnitude and kinetics. |
| 8580 | 22917938 | Compared with the wild type and other control groups, mice treated with the combined plant-made vaccines showed significantly higher levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-2 production in response to all four proteins, and higher levels of antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses and immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA titers. |
| 8581 | 22919627 | Levels of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgM, the induction of the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and the production of IFN-γ were measured in lymphocyte cultures. |
| 8582 | 22927933 | On the other hand, when adult mice were primed with BCG.HIVA(CAT) and boosted with MVA.HIVA.85A, HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T-cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and CD107a were induced. |
| 8583 | 22930672 | Control of adaptive immune responses by Staphylococcus aureus through IL-10, PD-L1, and TLR2. |
| 8584 | 22930672 | Herein we report that Staphylococcus aureus induces IL-10, Th17-inducing cytokines IL-6 and IL-23, chemokines, and regulates dendritic cell markers. |
| 8585 | 22930672 | S. aureus inhibits T-cell IL-2 responses through modulation of HLA-DR, CD86 and PD-L1. |
| 8586 | 22930672 | IFN-gamma, Src kinase inhibitors, or TLR2 antibodies prevented the down-modulation of HLA-DR by S. aureus. |
| 8587 | 22930672 | IL-10 and PD-L1 antagonists may boost immunity to vaccines for S. aureus and other microbes. |
| 8588 | 22947140 | Anti-DEC:LcrV was more efficient to induce IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-2 secreting polyfunctional CD4(+) T cells when compared to non-targeted soluble protein vaccine. |
| 8589 | 22955926 | Importantly, we showed that the levels of IL-7R expression and the capacity of HIV-specific CD8 T cells to secrete IL-2 on antigenic restimulation during primary infection were inversely correlated with the viral set-point. |
| 8590 | 22960496 | The splenocytes from this inoculation group secreted moderate levels of IL-5 and IL-10 as well as high amounts of IL-2, cytokines known to act in synergy to induce IgA. |
| 8591 | 23015648 | Coinjection of pVAX/IL-18 significantly increased the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 8592 | 23018456 | Compared with mice immunized with the homologous lipopeptide/lipopeptide (Lipo/Lipo) vaccine, the Lipo/rAdv5 prime/boost immunized mice 1) developed potent and sustained HSV-specific CD8(+) T cells, detected in both the genital tract draining nodes and in the vaginal mucosa; 2) had significantly lower virus titers; 3) had decreased overt signs of genital herpes disease; and 4) did not succumb to lethal infection (p < 0.005) after intravaginal HSV-2 challenge. |
| 8593 | 23018456 | Polyfunctional CD8(+) T cells, producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 and exhibiting cytotoxic activity, were associated with protection (p < 0.005). |
| 8594 | 23018461 | Amplified CD8(+) T memory development depends upon a critical frequency of Ag-specific T cells and direct responsiveness to IL-2. |
| 8595 | 23027937 | NKT cell-induced proliferation of memory Th1 and Th2 cells was dependent largely on the production of IL-2, with Th2-cell proliferation also affected by loss of IL-4. |
| 8596 | 23042534 | We previously demonstrated that the ovalbumin (OVA)-specific CD4(+) T cell-based (OVA-T(EXO)) vaccine generated using OVA-pulsed dendritic cell (DC(OVA))-released exosomes (EXO(OVA)) stimulate CTL responses via IL-2 and costimulatory CD80 signaling. |
| 8597 | 23049876 | Gag-specific IFN-γ ELISPOT, intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) (CD107a, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2), pentamer staining and T-cell phenotyping were used to differentiate responses to inserts and vectors. |
| 8598 | 23052765 | Results showed that specific antibody, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte cells were significantly increased in the pVAX1-Rho group. |
| 8599 | 23059870 | This surgery adjuvant approach combined local suicide gene therapy with a subcutaneous vaccine composed by tumor cells extracts and xenogeneic cells producing human interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 8600 | 23071675 | We have generated a mucin-type immunoglobulin fusion protein (PSGL-1/mIgG(2b)), which upon expression in the yeast Pichia pastoris became multivalently substituted with O-linked oligomannose structures and bound the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) with high affinity in vitro. |
| 8601 | 23071675 | Here, its effects on the humoral and cellular anti-ovalbumin (OVA) responses in C57BL/6 mice are presented.OVA antibody class and subclass responses were determined by ELISA, the generation of anti-OVA CTLs was assessed in (51)Cr release assays using in vitro-stimulated immune spleen cells from the different groups of mice as effector cells and OVA peptide-fed RMA-S cells as targets, and evaluation of the type of Th cell response was done by IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 ELISpot assays.Immunizations with the OVA - mannosylated PSGL-1/mIgG(2b) conjugate, especially when combined with the AbISCO®-100 adjuvant, lead to faster, stronger and broader (with regard to IgG subclass) OVA IgG responses, a stronger OVA-specific CTL response and stronger Th1 and Th2 responses than if OVA was used alone or together with AbISCO®-100. |
| 8602 | 23071696 | CD154 and IL-2 signaling of CD4+ T cells play a critical role in multiple phases of CD8+ CTL responses following adenovirus vaccination. |
| 8603 | 23071696 | While the role of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in mediating AdV-induced protection is well understood, the involvement of CD4(+) T cell-provided signals in the development of functional CD8(+) CTL responses remain unclear. |
| 8604 | 23071696 | Without CD4(+) T help, both primary and memory CTL responses were greatly reduced in this model, and were associated with increased PD-1 expression. |
| 8605 | 23071696 | These effects were specifically mediated by CD4(+) T cell-produced IL-2 and CD154 signals. |
| 8606 | 23071696 | CD154 and IL-2 signaling of CD4+ T cells play a critical role in multiple phases of CD8+ CTL responses following adenovirus vaccination. |
| 8607 | 23071696 | While the role of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in mediating AdV-induced protection is well understood, the involvement of CD4(+) T cell-provided signals in the development of functional CD8(+) CTL responses remain unclear. |
| 8608 | 23071696 | Without CD4(+) T help, both primary and memory CTL responses were greatly reduced in this model, and were associated with increased PD-1 expression. |
| 8609 | 23071696 | These effects were specifically mediated by CD4(+) T cell-produced IL-2 and CD154 signals. |
| 8610 | 23103299 | Immunization with the multistage-polyepitope adjuvanted with CpG generated high IgG levels as well as polyfunctional CD4(+) T-cells producing IFN-γ, TNF and IL-2, specific for these HLA-DR3-restricted epitopes. |
| 8611 | 23138414 | Characteristically, the HHV6 infection in our patient appeared to be associated with the invigoration of the T cell system, as represented by the elevated serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (3,490 U/ml vs. |
| 8612 | 23157547 | Such surface complexes interact with interleukin-2 receptor beta and gamma on the adjacent cell to elicit signaling. |
| 8613 | 23157547 | Unlike interleukin-2, IL-15 protects from activation-induced cell death and does not promote regulatory cells. |
| 8614 | 23157547 | Such surface complexes interact with interleukin-2 receptor beta and gamma on the adjacent cell to elicit signaling. |
| 8615 | 23157547 | Unlike interleukin-2, IL-15 protects from activation-induced cell death and does not promote regulatory cells. |
| 8616 | 23170121 | Co-transfection of dendritic cells with AFP and IL-2 genes enhances the induction of tumor antigen-specific antitumor immunity. |
| 8617 | 23170121 | The aim of the present study was to investigate whether DCs co-transfected with the α-fetoprotein (AFP) and human interleukin-2 (IL-2) genes were able to induce stronger therapeutic antitumor immunity in transfected DCs. |
| 8618 | 23170121 | In this study, DCs from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were co-transfected with the IL-2 gene and/or the AFP gene. |
| 8619 | 23170121 | The reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) data revealed that the DCs transfected with the adenovirus AdAFP/IL-2 expressed AFP and IL-2. |
| 8620 | 23170121 | The DCs co-transfected with IL-2 and AFP (AFP/IL-2-DCs) enhanced the cytotoxicities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and increased the production of IL-2 and interferon-γ significantly compared with their AFP-DC, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-DC, DC or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) counterparts. |
| 8621 | 23170121 | Co-transfection of dendritic cells with AFP and IL-2 genes enhances the induction of tumor antigen-specific antitumor immunity. |
| 8622 | 23170121 | The aim of the present study was to investigate whether DCs co-transfected with the α-fetoprotein (AFP) and human interleukin-2 (IL-2) genes were able to induce stronger therapeutic antitumor immunity in transfected DCs. |
| 8623 | 23170121 | In this study, DCs from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were co-transfected with the IL-2 gene and/or the AFP gene. |
| 8624 | 23170121 | The reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) data revealed that the DCs transfected with the adenovirus AdAFP/IL-2 expressed AFP and IL-2. |
| 8625 | 23170121 | The DCs co-transfected with IL-2 and AFP (AFP/IL-2-DCs) enhanced the cytotoxicities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and increased the production of IL-2 and interferon-γ significantly compared with their AFP-DC, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-DC, DC or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) counterparts. |
| 8626 | 23170121 | Co-transfection of dendritic cells with AFP and IL-2 genes enhances the induction of tumor antigen-specific antitumor immunity. |
| 8627 | 23170121 | The aim of the present study was to investigate whether DCs co-transfected with the α-fetoprotein (AFP) and human interleukin-2 (IL-2) genes were able to induce stronger therapeutic antitumor immunity in transfected DCs. |
| 8628 | 23170121 | In this study, DCs from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were co-transfected with the IL-2 gene and/or the AFP gene. |
| 8629 | 23170121 | The reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) data revealed that the DCs transfected with the adenovirus AdAFP/IL-2 expressed AFP and IL-2. |
| 8630 | 23170121 | The DCs co-transfected with IL-2 and AFP (AFP/IL-2-DCs) enhanced the cytotoxicities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and increased the production of IL-2 and interferon-γ significantly compared with their AFP-DC, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-DC, DC or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) counterparts. |
| 8631 | 23170121 | Co-transfection of dendritic cells with AFP and IL-2 genes enhances the induction of tumor antigen-specific antitumor immunity. |
| 8632 | 23170121 | The aim of the present study was to investigate whether DCs co-transfected with the α-fetoprotein (AFP) and human interleukin-2 (IL-2) genes were able to induce stronger therapeutic antitumor immunity in transfected DCs. |
| 8633 | 23170121 | In this study, DCs from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were co-transfected with the IL-2 gene and/or the AFP gene. |
| 8634 | 23170121 | The reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) data revealed that the DCs transfected with the adenovirus AdAFP/IL-2 expressed AFP and IL-2. |
| 8635 | 23170121 | The DCs co-transfected with IL-2 and AFP (AFP/IL-2-DCs) enhanced the cytotoxicities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and increased the production of IL-2 and interferon-γ significantly compared with their AFP-DC, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-DC, DC or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) counterparts. |
| 8636 | 23170121 | Co-transfection of dendritic cells with AFP and IL-2 genes enhances the induction of tumor antigen-specific antitumor immunity. |
| 8637 | 23170121 | The aim of the present study was to investigate whether DCs co-transfected with the α-fetoprotein (AFP) and human interleukin-2 (IL-2) genes were able to induce stronger therapeutic antitumor immunity in transfected DCs. |
| 8638 | 23170121 | In this study, DCs from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were co-transfected with the IL-2 gene and/or the AFP gene. |
| 8639 | 23170121 | The reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) data revealed that the DCs transfected with the adenovirus AdAFP/IL-2 expressed AFP and IL-2. |
| 8640 | 23170121 | The DCs co-transfected with IL-2 and AFP (AFP/IL-2-DCs) enhanced the cytotoxicities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and increased the production of IL-2 and interferon-γ significantly compared with their AFP-DC, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-DC, DC or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) counterparts. |
| 8641 | 23184617 | Nevertheless, after immunization with higher doses of the targeted vaccine, the capacity of vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells to produce the cytokine IL-2 was diminished and the CD8(+) T-cell response was dominated by an effector memory phenotype (CD62L(-)/CD127(+)) in contrast to the effector phenotype (CD62L(-)/CD127(-)) observed after non-targeted antigen delivery. |
| 8642 | 23196208 | The transgenic rice seeds expressing the MOMP protein were administered by the oral route to BALB/c mice, which developed MOMP-specific serum IgG and fecal IgA antibodies and a splenocyte MOMP-specific proliferative response and significant levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and TGF-β production. |
| 8643 | 23212119 | The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, and glutaminase was measured. |
| 8644 | 23212119 | There was a significant increase in IL-2 production and decrease in IL-4 in the trained group compared with sedentary controls. |
| 8645 | 23212119 | IL-2R and TNFR increased in trained rats while IL-4R decreased and were more pronounced in T lymphocytes compared with B lymphocytes. |
| 8646 | 23212119 | In both lymphocyte subsets, exercise training significantly increased the expression of CD54+ and CD30+ cell markers. |
| 8647 | 23226275 | Polyfunctional analysis revealed a pattern of TNFα and IL-2 responses by CD4+ T cells and TNFα and IFNγ responses by CD8+ T cells to F4 peptides. |
| 8648 | 23226275 | HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing cytokines waned in peripheral blood lymphocytes by day 84, but CD8+ T cell responses to F4 peptides could still be detected in lymphoid tissues more than 3 months after vaccination. |
| 8649 | 23226513 | We examined peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) gene expression as a biomarker of illness and treatment effect using the Affymetrix Human Gene ST1 platform in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who received combined treatment with IL-2, interferon-? |
| 8650 | 23228812 | Upon in vitro stimulation of splenocytes from mice immunized with recombinant Ag85B, the highest levels of secreted IFN-γ and IL-2 were detected in mice immunized with the autophagy-inducing plasmid, while no differences in IL-4 levels were detected between the groups, suggesting that the DNA vaccine regimen with autophagy induction induced primarily a Th1 immune response. |
| 8651 | 23250629 | Total 20 mutations in interleukin-2 receptor subunit gamma (IL2RG) were identified in 22 patients, including 11 novel mutations. |
| 8652 | 23252743 | Immunization with the rTs-Adsp antigen induced both humoral and cellular immune responses, which manifested as elevated specific anti-rTs-Adsp IgG and IgE antibodies and a mixed Th1-Th2 response, as determined by Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) cytokine profiling, with the Th2 predominant. |
| 8653 | 23267892 | [Prediction of WT1/MUC1 peptide dendritic cell therapy responders by quantification of ex vivo induced mRNA in whole blood]. |
| 8654 | 23267892 | To challenge this classic problem, we quantified 17 different leukocyte function-associated mRNAs( IFN-γ,TNFSF1, TNFSF2, TNFSF5, IL-10, TGF β,CTLA4, PD1, FOXP3, GMCSF, VEGF, IL-8, CCL8, CXCL3, and IL-2) in whole blood after ex vivo stimulation with 7 different agents(PHA, HAG, zymosan, IFN-γ,rIL-2, aTCR, and picibanil) to activate various subsets of leukocytes. |
| 8655 | 23267892 | The clinical outcomes for WT1 peptide-and/or MUC1 peptide-pulsed dendritic cell therapy for advanced cancer (n=26) were CR+PR, 4 cases; SD, 9 cases; and PD, 13 cases. |
| 8656 | 23269976 | Our previously reported phase I clinical trial with the allogeneic gene-modified tumor cell line RCC-26/CD80/IL-2 showed that vaccination was well tolerated and feasible in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. |
| 8657 | 23272100 | Evaluation of the diagnostic potential of IP-10 and IL-2 as biomarkers for the diagnosis of active and latent tuberculosis in a BCG-vaccinated population. |
| 8658 | 23277917 | Secretion of the cytokines interferon-γ, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 in the CD4(+) T cell : DC co-culture (with or without chemokine pre-treatment) were essentially the same. |
| 8659 | 23277917 | Chemokine programming of DCs with a 7 : 3 ratio of CCL3 : CCL19 followed by LPS treatment maintained partial immature phenotypes of DCs, as indicated by surface marker (CD80 and CD86) expression over time. |
| 8660 | 23306359 | In C57BL/6 mice, the vaccine induced multifunctional HBsAg- and HBcAg-specific CD8+ T cells detected by staining for IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2, as well as high antibody titers against both antigens. |
| 8661 | 23314272 | T-cell immunogenicity was examined longitudinally by a flow cytometry (CD107a, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2 and/or MIP1β expression) as well as IFNγ ELISPOT. |
| 8662 | 23314272 | New CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses specific for one or more vaccine epitopes were induced in 10/10 vaccinees. |
| 8663 | 23318779 | Activation markers (CD25 and CD69) were measured after 44h (n=8), cytokines in supernatant after 3 and 7days, and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) of proliferated cells (identified by dye dilution) after 7days (n=6). |
| 8664 | 23318779 | Vaccination increased TT-specific expression of CD25 and CD69 on CD3(+)CD4(+) lymphocytes, and TT-specific proliferation at 7, 14 and 28days post vaccination. |
| 8665 | 23318779 | Vaccination induced TT-specific Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) Th2 (IL-13, IL-5, and IL-4), Th17 (IL-17A) and IL-10(+) cells as measured by ICS. |
| 8666 | 23318779 | TT-specific Th1 cells were the most abundant (12-15% of all TT-specific CD4(+) T-cells) while IL10(+) (1.8%) Th17 (1.1%) and Th2 cells (0.2-0.6%) were less abundant. |
| 8667 | 23319735 | Finally, IVE-TB Ags induced strong IFN-γ(+)/TNF-α(+) CD8(+) and TNF-α(+)/IL-2(+) CD154(+)/CD4(+) T cell responses in PBMC from long-term latently M. tuberculosis-infected individuals. |
| 8668 | 23333555 | We show that CD4+ and CD8+ Teffector/memory (T(EM)) and other subsets produce IL-17A following SEB stimulation. |
| 8669 | 23333555 | We also show that IL-17A is co-produced with other pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α). |
| 8670 | 23333555 | Multifunctional IL-17A producing cells possess markers typical of the T(H)17/T(C)17 and T(H)1 subsets, including CCR6, IL-22, and transcription factors retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor (ROR)-γt and T-bet. |
| 8671 | 23334700 | Assessment of the immune responses to Treponema pallidum Gpd DNA vaccine adjuvanted with IL-2 and chitosan nanoparticles before and after Treponema pallidum challenge in rabbits. |
| 8672 | 23338237 | We observed the loss of the short-lived effector cell phenotype (reduced KLRG1(+), T-bet(hi), granzyme B(hi)), accompanied by an enhanced memory precursor phenotype at the effector (increased CD127(hi), IL-2(+)) and contraction phases (increased CD127(hi), IL-2(+), eomesodermin(hi)) of the CD8 response in the absence of RA signaling. |
| 8673 | 23341863 | Virus-Like Particles Harboring CCL19, IL-2 and HPV16 E7 Elicit Protective T Cell Responses in HLA-A2 Transgenic Mice. |
| 8674 | 23341863 | We have tested in mice a chimeric protein composed of the hepatitis B small surface antigen (HBsAg(S)) flanked at its N-terminus by chemokine CC ligand 19/macrophage inflammatory protein-3β (CCL19/MIP-3β), and at the C-terminus by interleukin 2 (IL-2) and an artificial HPV16 E7 polytope. |
| 8675 | 23341863 | This protein is assembled into nanoparticles and both CCL19 and IL-2 conserve their functionality. |
| 8676 | 23341863 | Virus-Like Particles Harboring CCL19, IL-2 and HPV16 E7 Elicit Protective T Cell Responses in HLA-A2 Transgenic Mice. |
| 8677 | 23341863 | We have tested in mice a chimeric protein composed of the hepatitis B small surface antigen (HBsAg(S)) flanked at its N-terminus by chemokine CC ligand 19/macrophage inflammatory protein-3β (CCL19/MIP-3β), and at the C-terminus by interleukin 2 (IL-2) and an artificial HPV16 E7 polytope. |
| 8678 | 23341863 | This protein is assembled into nanoparticles and both CCL19 and IL-2 conserve their functionality. |
| 8679 | 23341863 | Virus-Like Particles Harboring CCL19, IL-2 and HPV16 E7 Elicit Protective T Cell Responses in HLA-A2 Transgenic Mice. |
| 8680 | 23341863 | We have tested in mice a chimeric protein composed of the hepatitis B small surface antigen (HBsAg(S)) flanked at its N-terminus by chemokine CC ligand 19/macrophage inflammatory protein-3β (CCL19/MIP-3β), and at the C-terminus by interleukin 2 (IL-2) and an artificial HPV16 E7 polytope. |
| 8681 | 23341863 | This protein is assembled into nanoparticles and both CCL19 and IL-2 conserve their functionality. |
| 8682 | 23357857 | Immunization of mice with this DNA vaccine construct resulted in significant elevation of cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10, and total IgG as compared with control groups immunized with either the empty DNA vector or saline. |
| 8683 | 23359502 | IL-2 produced by CD8+ immune T cells can augment their IFN-γ production independently from their proliferation in the secondary response to an intracellular pathogen. |
| 8684 | 23359502 | In the current study, we examined the role of IL-2 in IFN-γ production by CD8(+) immune T cells in their secondary responses using T. gondii-specific CD8(+) T cell hybridomas and splenic CD8(+) immune T cells from chronically infected mice. |
| 8685 | 23359502 | The majority (92%) of CD8(+) T cell hybridomas produced large amounts of IFN-γ only when a low amount (0.5 ng/ml) of exogenous IL-2 was provided in combination with T. gondii Ags. |
| 8686 | 23359502 | Inhibition of cell proliferation by mitomycin C did not affect the enhancing effect of IL-2 on the IFN-γ production, and significant increases in transcription factor T-bet expression were associated with the IL-2-mediated IFN-γ amplification. |
| 8687 | 23359502 | Splenic CD8(+) immune T cells produced similar low levels of IL-2 in the secondary response to T. gondii, and a blocking of IL-2 signaling by anti-IL-2Rα Ab or inhibitors of JAK1 and JAK3 significantly reduced IFN-γ production of the T cells. |
| 8688 | 23359502 | This IL-2-mediated upregulation of IFN-γ production was observed in mitomycin C-treated CD8(+) immune T cells, thus independent from their cell division. |
| 8689 | 23359502 | Therefore, endogenous IL-2 produced by CD8(+) immune T cells can play an important autocrine-enhancing role on their IFN-γ production in the secondary responses to T. gondii, suggesting an importance of induction of CD8(+) immune T cells with an appropriate IL-2 production for vaccine development. |
| 8690 | 23359502 | IL-2 produced by CD8+ immune T cells can augment their IFN-γ production independently from their proliferation in the secondary response to an intracellular pathogen. |
| 8691 | 23359502 | In the current study, we examined the role of IL-2 in IFN-γ production by CD8(+) immune T cells in their secondary responses using T. gondii-specific CD8(+) T cell hybridomas and splenic CD8(+) immune T cells from chronically infected mice. |
| 8692 | 23359502 | The majority (92%) of CD8(+) T cell hybridomas produced large amounts of IFN-γ only when a low amount (0.5 ng/ml) of exogenous IL-2 was provided in combination with T. gondii Ags. |
| 8693 | 23359502 | Inhibition of cell proliferation by mitomycin C did not affect the enhancing effect of IL-2 on the IFN-γ production, and significant increases in transcription factor T-bet expression were associated with the IL-2-mediated IFN-γ amplification. |
| 8694 | 23359502 | Splenic CD8(+) immune T cells produced similar low levels of IL-2 in the secondary response to T. gondii, and a blocking of IL-2 signaling by anti-IL-2Rα Ab or inhibitors of JAK1 and JAK3 significantly reduced IFN-γ production of the T cells. |
| 8695 | 23359502 | This IL-2-mediated upregulation of IFN-γ production was observed in mitomycin C-treated CD8(+) immune T cells, thus independent from their cell division. |
| 8696 | 23359502 | Therefore, endogenous IL-2 produced by CD8(+) immune T cells can play an important autocrine-enhancing role on their IFN-γ production in the secondary responses to T. gondii, suggesting an importance of induction of CD8(+) immune T cells with an appropriate IL-2 production for vaccine development. |
| 8697 | 23359502 | IL-2 produced by CD8+ immune T cells can augment their IFN-γ production independently from their proliferation in the secondary response to an intracellular pathogen. |
| 8698 | 23359502 | In the current study, we examined the role of IL-2 in IFN-γ production by CD8(+) immune T cells in their secondary responses using T. gondii-specific CD8(+) T cell hybridomas and splenic CD8(+) immune T cells from chronically infected mice. |
| 8699 | 23359502 | The majority (92%) of CD8(+) T cell hybridomas produced large amounts of IFN-γ only when a low amount (0.5 ng/ml) of exogenous IL-2 was provided in combination with T. gondii Ags. |
| 8700 | 23359502 | Inhibition of cell proliferation by mitomycin C did not affect the enhancing effect of IL-2 on the IFN-γ production, and significant increases in transcription factor T-bet expression were associated with the IL-2-mediated IFN-γ amplification. |
| 8701 | 23359502 | Splenic CD8(+) immune T cells produced similar low levels of IL-2 in the secondary response to T. gondii, and a blocking of IL-2 signaling by anti-IL-2Rα Ab or inhibitors of JAK1 and JAK3 significantly reduced IFN-γ production of the T cells. |
| 8702 | 23359502 | This IL-2-mediated upregulation of IFN-γ production was observed in mitomycin C-treated CD8(+) immune T cells, thus independent from their cell division. |
| 8703 | 23359502 | Therefore, endogenous IL-2 produced by CD8(+) immune T cells can play an important autocrine-enhancing role on their IFN-γ production in the secondary responses to T. gondii, suggesting an importance of induction of CD8(+) immune T cells with an appropriate IL-2 production for vaccine development. |
| 8704 | 23359502 | IL-2 produced by CD8+ immune T cells can augment their IFN-γ production independently from their proliferation in the secondary response to an intracellular pathogen. |
| 8705 | 23359502 | In the current study, we examined the role of IL-2 in IFN-γ production by CD8(+) immune T cells in their secondary responses using T. gondii-specific CD8(+) T cell hybridomas and splenic CD8(+) immune T cells from chronically infected mice. |
| 8706 | 23359502 | The majority (92%) of CD8(+) T cell hybridomas produced large amounts of IFN-γ only when a low amount (0.5 ng/ml) of exogenous IL-2 was provided in combination with T. gondii Ags. |
| 8707 | 23359502 | Inhibition of cell proliferation by mitomycin C did not affect the enhancing effect of IL-2 on the IFN-γ production, and significant increases in transcription factor T-bet expression were associated with the IL-2-mediated IFN-γ amplification. |
| 8708 | 23359502 | Splenic CD8(+) immune T cells produced similar low levels of IL-2 in the secondary response to T. gondii, and a blocking of IL-2 signaling by anti-IL-2Rα Ab or inhibitors of JAK1 and JAK3 significantly reduced IFN-γ production of the T cells. |
| 8709 | 23359502 | This IL-2-mediated upregulation of IFN-γ production was observed in mitomycin C-treated CD8(+) immune T cells, thus independent from their cell division. |
| 8710 | 23359502 | Therefore, endogenous IL-2 produced by CD8(+) immune T cells can play an important autocrine-enhancing role on their IFN-γ production in the secondary responses to T. gondii, suggesting an importance of induction of CD8(+) immune T cells with an appropriate IL-2 production for vaccine development. |
| 8711 | 23359502 | IL-2 produced by CD8+ immune T cells can augment their IFN-γ production independently from their proliferation in the secondary response to an intracellular pathogen. |
| 8712 | 23359502 | In the current study, we examined the role of IL-2 in IFN-γ production by CD8(+) immune T cells in their secondary responses using T. gondii-specific CD8(+) T cell hybridomas and splenic CD8(+) immune T cells from chronically infected mice. |
| 8713 | 23359502 | The majority (92%) of CD8(+) T cell hybridomas produced large amounts of IFN-γ only when a low amount (0.5 ng/ml) of exogenous IL-2 was provided in combination with T. gondii Ags. |
| 8714 | 23359502 | Inhibition of cell proliferation by mitomycin C did not affect the enhancing effect of IL-2 on the IFN-γ production, and significant increases in transcription factor T-bet expression were associated with the IL-2-mediated IFN-γ amplification. |
| 8715 | 23359502 | Splenic CD8(+) immune T cells produced similar low levels of IL-2 in the secondary response to T. gondii, and a blocking of IL-2 signaling by anti-IL-2Rα Ab or inhibitors of JAK1 and JAK3 significantly reduced IFN-γ production of the T cells. |
| 8716 | 23359502 | This IL-2-mediated upregulation of IFN-γ production was observed in mitomycin C-treated CD8(+) immune T cells, thus independent from their cell division. |
| 8717 | 23359502 | Therefore, endogenous IL-2 produced by CD8(+) immune T cells can play an important autocrine-enhancing role on their IFN-γ production in the secondary responses to T. gondii, suggesting an importance of induction of CD8(+) immune T cells with an appropriate IL-2 production for vaccine development. |
| 8718 | 23359502 | IL-2 produced by CD8+ immune T cells can augment their IFN-γ production independently from their proliferation in the secondary response to an intracellular pathogen. |
| 8719 | 23359502 | In the current study, we examined the role of IL-2 in IFN-γ production by CD8(+) immune T cells in their secondary responses using T. gondii-specific CD8(+) T cell hybridomas and splenic CD8(+) immune T cells from chronically infected mice. |
| 8720 | 23359502 | The majority (92%) of CD8(+) T cell hybridomas produced large amounts of IFN-γ only when a low amount (0.5 ng/ml) of exogenous IL-2 was provided in combination with T. gondii Ags. |
| 8721 | 23359502 | Inhibition of cell proliferation by mitomycin C did not affect the enhancing effect of IL-2 on the IFN-γ production, and significant increases in transcription factor T-bet expression were associated with the IL-2-mediated IFN-γ amplification. |
| 8722 | 23359502 | Splenic CD8(+) immune T cells produced similar low levels of IL-2 in the secondary response to T. gondii, and a blocking of IL-2 signaling by anti-IL-2Rα Ab or inhibitors of JAK1 and JAK3 significantly reduced IFN-γ production of the T cells. |
| 8723 | 23359502 | This IL-2-mediated upregulation of IFN-γ production was observed in mitomycin C-treated CD8(+) immune T cells, thus independent from their cell division. |
| 8724 | 23359502 | Therefore, endogenous IL-2 produced by CD8(+) immune T cells can play an important autocrine-enhancing role on their IFN-γ production in the secondary responses to T. gondii, suggesting an importance of induction of CD8(+) immune T cells with an appropriate IL-2 production for vaccine development. |
| 8725 | 23359502 | IL-2 produced by CD8+ immune T cells can augment their IFN-γ production independently from their proliferation in the secondary response to an intracellular pathogen. |
| 8726 | 23359502 | In the current study, we examined the role of IL-2 in IFN-γ production by CD8(+) immune T cells in their secondary responses using T. gondii-specific CD8(+) T cell hybridomas and splenic CD8(+) immune T cells from chronically infected mice. |
| 8727 | 23359502 | The majority (92%) of CD8(+) T cell hybridomas produced large amounts of IFN-γ only when a low amount (0.5 ng/ml) of exogenous IL-2 was provided in combination with T. gondii Ags. |
| 8728 | 23359502 | Inhibition of cell proliferation by mitomycin C did not affect the enhancing effect of IL-2 on the IFN-γ production, and significant increases in transcription factor T-bet expression were associated with the IL-2-mediated IFN-γ amplification. |
| 8729 | 23359502 | Splenic CD8(+) immune T cells produced similar low levels of IL-2 in the secondary response to T. gondii, and a blocking of IL-2 signaling by anti-IL-2Rα Ab or inhibitors of JAK1 and JAK3 significantly reduced IFN-γ production of the T cells. |
| 8730 | 23359502 | This IL-2-mediated upregulation of IFN-γ production was observed in mitomycin C-treated CD8(+) immune T cells, thus independent from their cell division. |
| 8731 | 23359502 | Therefore, endogenous IL-2 produced by CD8(+) immune T cells can play an important autocrine-enhancing role on their IFN-γ production in the secondary responses to T. gondii, suggesting an importance of induction of CD8(+) immune T cells with an appropriate IL-2 production for vaccine development. |
| 8732 | 23377669 | A major challenge associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is effective prevention and/or attenuation of symptoms associated with acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) that can result from a failure of either host and/or donor CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Tr) and CD8(+)CD28 suppressor T (Ts) cells to dampen immunopathogenic responses mediated by alloreactive donor CD4(+)CD28(+) Th1 (Th1) and CD8(+)CD28(-) Tc1 (Tc1) cell-mediated inflammatory processes. |
| 8733 | 23377669 | In addition, immunized mice presented with significantly diminished Th1-cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin-2 response and a moderately upregulated Th2-cytokine interleukin-10 and Th3-cytokine transforming growth factor-β response. |
| 8734 | 23382205 | Transfer of conventional CD4(+) T cells from FI-RSV-vaccinated mice into naive RSV-infected recipients also caused a reduction in airway Treg responses; boosting Tregs with IL-2 immune complexes failed to restore normal levels of Tregs or to ameliorate disease. |
| 8735 | 23390298 | Selection of rAd vector or dose could modulate the proportion and/or frequency of IFN-γ(+)TNF-α(+)IL-2(+) and KLRG1(+)CD127(-)CD8(+) T cells, but strikingly ∼30-80% of memory CD8(+) T cells coexpressed CD127 and KLRG1. |
| 8736 | 23408524 | Flow cytometric analysis showed that the increase in IFN-γ correlated with proliferation and activation (increased expression of CD25) of CD4, CD8, and γδT cells, but this response was significantly higher in ΔleuD-vaccinated animals at some time points after challenge. |
| 8737 | 23408524 | However, significantly higher levels of IFN-γ (at weeks 26 and 30), interleukin-2 (IL-2; week 18), IL-1b (weeks 14 and 22), IL-17 (weeks 18 and 22), and IL-23 (week 18) and a significantly lower level of IL-10 (weeks 14 and 18) and transforming growth factor β (week 18) were detected in the ΔleuD-vaccinated group. |
| 8738 | 23408627 | A comparative evaluation of the immunity stimulated with a vaccine regimen that includes simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-15 DNAs, recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA), and inactivated SIVmac239 particles administered into the oral and nasal cavities, small intestine, and vagina was carried out in female rhesus macaques to determine the best route to induce diverse anti-SIV immunity that may be critical to protection from SIV infection and disease. |
| 8739 | 23408627 | All four immunizations generated mucosal SIV-specific IgA. |
| 8740 | 23408627 | Oral immunization was as effective as vaginal immunization in inducing SIV-specific IgA in vaginal secretions and generated greater IgA responses in rectal secretions and saliva samples compared to the other immunization routes. |
| 8741 | 23408627 | Vaccination also induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in the rectal and vaginal mucosa with greater functional heterogeneity than in blood samples. |
| 8742 | 23408627 | Significantly higher CD8(+) granzyme B-positive T-cell responses were observed systemically after intestinal vaccination and in rectal cells after oral immunization. |
| 8743 | 23408627 | The majority of SIV-specific T cells that produced granzyme B did not produce cytokines. |
| 8744 | 23416095 | A limited association was found between TRIM5 (rs7122620) and TRIM25 (rs205499) gene polymorphisms and measles-specific antibody levels. |
| 8745 | 23416095 | However, many associations were found between TRIM gene SNPs and variations in cellular responses (IFN-γ Elispot and secreted cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). |
| 8746 | 23416095 | We also identified polymorphisms in the TRIM5, TRIM22, and TRIM25 genes that were associated with significant differences in cytokine responses. |
| 8747 | 23433648 | Cytokine profiling in the co-immunization group showed a significant increase in the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ in the splenocytes of mice upon stimulation with the recombinant Ts87 protein; however, the expression of IL-17 was down-regulated. |
| 8748 | 23436220 | The concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and Rantes in serum, and IL-1α in mesenteric lymph node and MIP-1β in spleen were significantly increased by DON treatment compared to control. |
| 8749 | 23436220 | The concentrations of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-12, IL-13 and Rantes in thymus, of IL-2 in spleen, and of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF and MCP-1 in mesenteric lymph nodes were significantly decreased in mice compared to those in the Vac group, while concentrations of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, IL-13,G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1α and TNF-α were significantly increased in serum compared to the Vac group. |
| 8750 | 23436220 | The concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and Rantes in serum, and IL-1α in mesenteric lymph node and MIP-1β in spleen were significantly increased by DON treatment compared to control. |
| 8751 | 23436220 | The concentrations of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-12, IL-13 and Rantes in thymus, of IL-2 in spleen, and of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF and MCP-1 in mesenteric lymph nodes were significantly decreased in mice compared to those in the Vac group, while concentrations of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, IL-13,G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1α and TNF-α were significantly increased in serum compared to the Vac group. |
| 8752 | 23439080 | Cell-mediated immune responses at 2 (n=56) and 6 (n=54) months of age were examined by ELISpot assays for interferon(IFN)-γ, interleukin(IL)-2, and IL-4 responder cell frequencies to three antigens: hepatitis B surface antigen, tetanus toxoid, and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). |
| 8753 | 23439306 | Boosting LVS ΔcapB-primed mice with rLm/iglC significantly enhanced T cell immunity; their splenic T cells secreted significantly more gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and had significantly more cytokine (IFN-γ and/or tumor necrosis factor [TNF] and/or interleukin-2 [IL-2])-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells upon in vitro IglC stimulation. |
| 8754 | 23453731 | IN, but not IR, immunization of mice with 2/6-VLP alone induced antigen-specific IL-10 and IL-17 secreting T cells. |
| 8755 | 23453731 | IL-10-, in contrast to IL-17-, secreting T cells did not migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) whereas they were detected in cervical lymph nodes (CLN) and spleen. |
| 8756 | 23453731 | With the IN route, the adjuvant allowed to complete this profile with the secretion of IL-2 and IL-4, increased IL-17 secretion and induced antigen specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and Foxp3- T cells in all studied organs (CLN, spleen and MLN) but did not impact on IL-10 secreting T cells. |
| 8757 | 23453731 | With the IR route, the adjuvant induced IL-2 and IL-17 secretion but, in contrast to the IN route, did not allow IL-4 production. |
| 8758 | 23453731 | IN, but not IR, immunization of mice with 2/6-VLP alone induced antigen-specific IL-10 and IL-17 secreting T cells. |
| 8759 | 23453731 | IL-10-, in contrast to IL-17-, secreting T cells did not migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) whereas they were detected in cervical lymph nodes (CLN) and spleen. |
| 8760 | 23453731 | With the IN route, the adjuvant allowed to complete this profile with the secretion of IL-2 and IL-4, increased IL-17 secretion and induced antigen specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and Foxp3- T cells in all studied organs (CLN, spleen and MLN) but did not impact on IL-10 secreting T cells. |
| 8761 | 23453731 | With the IR route, the adjuvant induced IL-2 and IL-17 secretion but, in contrast to the IN route, did not allow IL-4 production. |
| 8762 | 23454005 | The new protocol was subsequently compared to an established protocol, previously used in vaccine studies, based on polyclonal antibodies without biotin avidin amplification and activation of memory B-cells using a mix of antigen, CpG, IL-2 and IL-10. |
| 8763 | 23455713 | Once there, primed T cells became dysfunctional and underwent antigen-driven, interferon-γ (IFN-γ)- and Fas ligand (FasL)-mediated apoptosis, resulting in hyporesponsiveness to subsequent vaccination. |
| 8764 | 23455713 | Provision of CD40-specific antibody, Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist and interleukin-2 (IL-2) reduced T cell apoptosis but did not prevent vaccination-site sequestration. |
| 8765 | 23465748 | B3T1 stimulated cells showed moderate levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 but higher levels of IL-4. |
| 8766 | 23467777 | The vaccine significantly enhanced the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) after one immunization and enhanced the production of IL-4 and IL-10 after two immunizations. |
| 8767 | 23467777 | In addition, real-time PCR indicated that the expression of major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I), as well as that of CD40 and CD154 molecules, was significantly increased after one immunization, and the expressions of both MHC-I and MHC-II molecules were increased after two immunizations. |
| 8768 | 23474022 | The two molecules stimulated the proliferation of T-lymphocyte sub-sets (CD4/CD8) as well as the production of soluble mediators of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 response (IL-4) in spleen cell culture supernatant. |
| 8769 | 23474022 | Furthermore, the two lipidated tripeptides enhanced the CD4, CD8, CD3 and CD19 cell populations as well as CD4/CD8 derived IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α in whole blood of treated mice. |
| 8770 | 23474022 | Moreover, the two lipidated tripeptides enhanced the population of CD80 and CD86 in spleen-derived macrophages and did not show any hemolytic effect on rabbit RBCs. |
| 8771 | 23474022 | The two molecules stimulated the proliferation of T-lymphocyte sub-sets (CD4/CD8) as well as the production of soluble mediators of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 response (IL-4) in spleen cell culture supernatant. |
| 8772 | 23474022 | Furthermore, the two lipidated tripeptides enhanced the CD4, CD8, CD3 and CD19 cell populations as well as CD4/CD8 derived IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α in whole blood of treated mice. |
| 8773 | 23474022 | Moreover, the two lipidated tripeptides enhanced the population of CD80 and CD86 in spleen-derived macrophages and did not show any hemolytic effect on rabbit RBCs. |
| 8774 | 23480362 | F1-MAP with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) as an adjuvant showed enhanced in vitro T cell proliferation and Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and Th17 (IL-17A) cytokine secretion. |
| 8775 | 23480362 | Moreover, F1-MAP with CpG formulation showed significantly high (P < 0.001) percentage of CD4(+) IFN-γ(+) cells as compared to CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) cells, and also more (CD4- IFN-γ)(+) cells secrete perforin and granzyme as compared to (CD8- IFN-γ)(+) showing Th1 response. |
| 8776 | 23480362 | Thus, the study highlights the importance of Th1 cytokine and existence of CD4(+) and CD8(+) immune response. |
| 8777 | 23486418 | In addition, children with active TB had significantly elevated levels of C-reactive protein, α-2 macroglobulin, and haptoglobin, as well as hemoxygenase 1. |
| 8778 | 23486418 | Markers of innate immune activation (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein [LBP]) were significantly lower in ETB than in PTB children. |
| 8779 | 23486418 | Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in their levels of cytokines (type 1 [gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-12], type 2 [IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33], and most type 17 [IL-17A, IL-22, IL-1β, and IL-6] and type 1 interferons [IFN-α and IFN-β]) or most of the cytokines associated with immune modulation (IL-10 and IL-20), pediatric TB was associated with elevated plasma transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), IL-21, and IL-23 levels. |
| 8780 | 23486778 | Induction of ICOS+CXCR3+CXCR5+ TH cells correlates with antibody responses to influenza vaccination. |
| 8781 | 23486778 | The induction of ICOS was largely restricted to CD4+ T cells coexpressing the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR5, a subpopulation of circulating memory T follicular helper cells. |
| 8782 | 23486778 | Up to 60% of these ICOS+CXCR3+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells were specific for influenza antigens and expressed interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, IL-21, and interferon-γ upon antigen stimulation. |
| 8783 | 23486778 | The increase of ICOS+CXCR3+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells in blood correlated with the increase of preexisting antibody titers, but not with the induction of primary antibody responses. |
| 8784 | 23486778 | Consistently, purified ICOS+CXCR3+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells efficiently induced memory B cells, but not naïve B cells, to differentiate into plasma cells that produce influenza-specific antibodies ex vivo. |
| 8785 | 23486778 | Thus, the emergence of blood ICOS+CXCR3+CXCR5+CD4+ T cells correlates with the development of protective antibody responses generated by memory B cells upon seasonal influenza vaccination. |
| 8786 | 23490396 | ELISpot assays for HCV-induced interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 production by T lymphocytes, as well as multiplex in vitro cytokine production assays, were performed. |
| 8787 | 23490396 | The IFN-γ ELISpot responses involved both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes and were comparable in magnitude, but narrower in specificity, in uninfected subjects than in seroconverters. |
| 8788 | 23490396 | A subset of seronegative subjects had HCV-induced cytokine production patterns comparable with the seroconverters with increased production of IFN-γ, IL-2 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and reduced IL-10 in response to nonstructural peptides. |
| 8789 | 23490396 | ELISpot assays for HCV-induced interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 production by T lymphocytes, as well as multiplex in vitro cytokine production assays, were performed. |
| 8790 | 23490396 | The IFN-γ ELISpot responses involved both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes and were comparable in magnitude, but narrower in specificity, in uninfected subjects than in seroconverters. |
| 8791 | 23490396 | A subset of seronegative subjects had HCV-induced cytokine production patterns comparable with the seroconverters with increased production of IFN-γ, IL-2 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and reduced IL-10 in response to nonstructural peptides. |
| 8792 | 23502768 | The serum levels of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ (P<0.05) as well as the percentage of natural killer and CD4+T cells increased significantly (P<0.05) after the vaccination. |
| 8793 | 23526940 | Increase in IFNγ(-)IL-2(+) cells in recent human CD4 T cell responses to 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza. |
| 8794 | 23526940 | Human CD4 T cell recall responses to influenza virus are strongly biased towards Type 1 cytokines, producing IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα. |
| 8795 | 23526940 | In the general population, peptides unique to the long-circulating influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) induced Th1-like responses biased toward the expression of IFNγ(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells. |
| 8796 | 23526940 | Importantly, peptides enriched for non-cross-reactive A/California/04/09 specificities induced a higher proportion of Thpp-like IFNγ(-)IL-2(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells than peptide pools cross-reactive with previous influenza strains, which induced more Th1 (IFNγ(+)TNFα(+)) responses. |
| 8797 | 23526940 | These IFNγ(-)IL-2(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells may be an important target population for vaccination regimens, as these cells are induced upon infection, may have high proliferative potential, and may play a role in providing future effector cells during subsequent infections. |
| 8798 | 23526940 | Increase in IFNγ(-)IL-2(+) cells in recent human CD4 T cell responses to 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza. |
| 8799 | 23526940 | Human CD4 T cell recall responses to influenza virus are strongly biased towards Type 1 cytokines, producing IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα. |
| 8800 | 23526940 | In the general population, peptides unique to the long-circulating influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) induced Th1-like responses biased toward the expression of IFNγ(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells. |
| 8801 | 23526940 | Importantly, peptides enriched for non-cross-reactive A/California/04/09 specificities induced a higher proportion of Thpp-like IFNγ(-)IL-2(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells than peptide pools cross-reactive with previous influenza strains, which induced more Th1 (IFNγ(+)TNFα(+)) responses. |
| 8802 | 23526940 | These IFNγ(-)IL-2(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells may be an important target population for vaccination regimens, as these cells are induced upon infection, may have high proliferative potential, and may play a role in providing future effector cells during subsequent infections. |
| 8803 | 23526940 | Increase in IFNγ(-)IL-2(+) cells in recent human CD4 T cell responses to 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza. |
| 8804 | 23526940 | Human CD4 T cell recall responses to influenza virus are strongly biased towards Type 1 cytokines, producing IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα. |
| 8805 | 23526940 | In the general population, peptides unique to the long-circulating influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) induced Th1-like responses biased toward the expression of IFNγ(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells. |
| 8806 | 23526940 | Importantly, peptides enriched for non-cross-reactive A/California/04/09 specificities induced a higher proportion of Thpp-like IFNγ(-)IL-2(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells than peptide pools cross-reactive with previous influenza strains, which induced more Th1 (IFNγ(+)TNFα(+)) responses. |
| 8807 | 23526940 | These IFNγ(-)IL-2(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells may be an important target population for vaccination regimens, as these cells are induced upon infection, may have high proliferative potential, and may play a role in providing future effector cells during subsequent infections. |
| 8808 | 23526940 | Increase in IFNγ(-)IL-2(+) cells in recent human CD4 T cell responses to 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza. |
| 8809 | 23526940 | Human CD4 T cell recall responses to influenza virus are strongly biased towards Type 1 cytokines, producing IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα. |
| 8810 | 23526940 | In the general population, peptides unique to the long-circulating influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) induced Th1-like responses biased toward the expression of IFNγ(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells. |
| 8811 | 23526940 | Importantly, peptides enriched for non-cross-reactive A/California/04/09 specificities induced a higher proportion of Thpp-like IFNγ(-)IL-2(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells than peptide pools cross-reactive with previous influenza strains, which induced more Th1 (IFNγ(+)TNFα(+)) responses. |
| 8812 | 23526940 | These IFNγ(-)IL-2(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells may be an important target population for vaccination regimens, as these cells are induced upon infection, may have high proliferative potential, and may play a role in providing future effector cells during subsequent infections. |
| 8813 | 23588087 | The ΔyscB mutant could induce the secretion of both Th1-associated cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α) and Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). |
| 8814 | 23589107 | Effects of cyclophosphamide and IL-2 on regulatory CD4+ T cell frequency and function in melanoma patients vaccinated with HLA-class I peptides: impact on the antigen-specific T cell response. |
| 8815 | 23589107 | Moreover, low-dose IL-2 promoted the concomitant expansion of conventional activated CD4(+) T cells. |
| 8816 | 23589107 | Despite the amplification of Tregs, IL-2 administration maintained or further increased the number of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells that were induced by vaccination as demonstrated by the ex vivo human leukocyte antigen-multimer staining and IFN-γ ELISpot assays. |
| 8817 | 23589107 | Despite the Treg expansion that was observed in this study, low-dose IL-2 is not detrimental to the functional activities of vaccine-primed CD8(+) T cell effectors when used in the inflammatory environment of vaccination. |
| 8818 | 23589107 | Effects of cyclophosphamide and IL-2 on regulatory CD4+ T cell frequency and function in melanoma patients vaccinated with HLA-class I peptides: impact on the antigen-specific T cell response. |
| 8819 | 23589107 | Moreover, low-dose IL-2 promoted the concomitant expansion of conventional activated CD4(+) T cells. |
| 8820 | 23589107 | Despite the amplification of Tregs, IL-2 administration maintained or further increased the number of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells that were induced by vaccination as demonstrated by the ex vivo human leukocyte antigen-multimer staining and IFN-γ ELISpot assays. |
| 8821 | 23589107 | Despite the Treg expansion that was observed in this study, low-dose IL-2 is not detrimental to the functional activities of vaccine-primed CD8(+) T cell effectors when used in the inflammatory environment of vaccination. |
| 8822 | 23589107 | Effects of cyclophosphamide and IL-2 on regulatory CD4+ T cell frequency and function in melanoma patients vaccinated with HLA-class I peptides: impact on the antigen-specific T cell response. |
| 8823 | 23589107 | Moreover, low-dose IL-2 promoted the concomitant expansion of conventional activated CD4(+) T cells. |
| 8824 | 23589107 | Despite the amplification of Tregs, IL-2 administration maintained or further increased the number of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells that were induced by vaccination as demonstrated by the ex vivo human leukocyte antigen-multimer staining and IFN-γ ELISpot assays. |
| 8825 | 23589107 | Despite the Treg expansion that was observed in this study, low-dose IL-2 is not detrimental to the functional activities of vaccine-primed CD8(+) T cell effectors when used in the inflammatory environment of vaccination. |
| 8826 | 23589107 | Effects of cyclophosphamide and IL-2 on regulatory CD4+ T cell frequency and function in melanoma patients vaccinated with HLA-class I peptides: impact on the antigen-specific T cell response. |
| 8827 | 23589107 | Moreover, low-dose IL-2 promoted the concomitant expansion of conventional activated CD4(+) T cells. |
| 8828 | 23589107 | Despite the amplification of Tregs, IL-2 administration maintained or further increased the number of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells that were induced by vaccination as demonstrated by the ex vivo human leukocyte antigen-multimer staining and IFN-γ ELISpot assays. |
| 8829 | 23589107 | Despite the Treg expansion that was observed in this study, low-dose IL-2 is not detrimental to the functional activities of vaccine-primed CD8(+) T cell effectors when used in the inflammatory environment of vaccination. |
| 8830 | 23623859 | We analyzed cellular (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, GM-CSF) and humoral (IgG and IgM) immune response in 81 HIV-infected and 30 HIV-negative subjects, before (T0) and 4 weeks (T1) after receiving a single dose of trivalent MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine. |
| 8831 | 23632305 | Adults had vaccine antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 cells responsive to all antigens evaluated whereas young children had significant numbers of vaccine antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells producing IL-2, (p=0.004). |
| 8832 | 23632305 | Vaccine antigen-specific CD4(+) T-cell populations in adults were largely of effector (TEM) and/or central memory (TCM) phenotypes as defined by CD45RA(-)CCR7(+) or CD45RA(-)CCR7(-) respectively; however among young children antigen-specific IL-2 producing CD4(+) T cells demonstrated CD45RA(+) expression (non-memory cells). |
| 8833 | 23632305 | Adults had vaccine antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 cells responsive to all antigens evaluated whereas young children had significant numbers of vaccine antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells producing IL-2, (p=0.004). |
| 8834 | 23632305 | Vaccine antigen-specific CD4(+) T-cell populations in adults were largely of effector (TEM) and/or central memory (TCM) phenotypes as defined by CD45RA(-)CCR7(+) or CD45RA(-)CCR7(-) respectively; however among young children antigen-specific IL-2 producing CD4(+) T cells demonstrated CD45RA(+) expression (non-memory cells). |
| 8835 | 23638188 | The P domain complexes induced significant central memory CD4(+) T cell phenotypes (CD4(+) CD44(+) CD62L(+) CCR7(+)) and activated polyclonal CD4(+) T cells as shown by production of Interleukin (IL)-2, Interferon (IFN)-γ, and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α. |
| 8836 | 23638188 | Furthermore, P domain complexes efficiently induced bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (BMDC) maturation, evidenced by up-regulation of co-stimulatory and MHC class II molecules, as well as production of IL-12 and IL-1β. |
| 8837 | 23644075 | IpaB- and IpaD-specific IgA antibody-secreting cells in the lungs and spleen and T-cell-derived IL-2, IL-5, IL-17 and IL-10 were associated with protection. |
| 8838 | 23645103 | The immunogenicity of the vaccine schedules was determined by measuring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific binding antibody levels and cytokine (interleukin-2 and interleukin-4) concentrations in peripheral blood, analyzing lymphocyte proliferation capacity against HIV epitopes and CD4(+)/CD8(+) cell ratio, and monitoring interferon-gamma levels at different times post-immunization. |
| 8839 | 23651196 | Human Th17 cells express RORC and CD161 and originate from RORC-expressing CD161(+) precursors, which migrate to lymphoid tissue and differentiate into mature Th17 cells in response to interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-23. |
| 8840 | 23651196 | Human Th17 cells are rare in inflammed tissues for two reasons: (1) Th17 cells do not produce IL-2 and, therefore, do not proliferate in response to TCR signaling, mainly because of RORC-dependent IL-4I1-mediated mechanisms that interfere with IL-2 gene activation; and (2) Th17 cell shift to a Th1 phenotype in the presence of IL-12; such Th17-derived Th1 cells are considered to be nonclassical Th1 cells and can be distinguished from classical Th1 cells. |
| 8841 | 23667513 | Consensus HIV-1 FSU-A integrase gene variants electroporated into mice induce polyfunctional antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 8842 | 23667513 | Multiparametric FACS demonstrated that CD8+ and CD4+ T cells of gene-immunized mice stimulated with IN-derived peptides secreted IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. |
| 8843 | 23667513 | The multi-cytokine responses of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells correlated with the loss of in vivo activity of the luciferase reporter gene co-delivered with pVaxIN plasmids. |
| 8844 | 23667513 | This indicated the capacity of IN-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells to clear IN/reporter co-expressing cells from the injection sites. |
| 8845 | 23667513 | Thus, the synthetic HIV-1 clade A integrase genes acted as potent immunogens generating polyfunctional Th1-type CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 8846 | 23676462 | PD-L1 blockade synergizes with IL-2 therapy in reinvigorating exhausted T cells. |
| 8847 | 23676462 | To address this issue, we examined the effect of IL-2 and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in the mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. |
| 8848 | 23676462 | We found that low-dose IL-2 administration alone enhanced CD8+ T cell responses in chronically infected mice. |
| 8849 | 23676462 | IL-2 treatment also decreased inhibitory receptor levels on virus-specific CD8+ T cells and increased expression of CD127 and CD44, resulting in a phenotype resembling that of memory T cells. |
| 8850 | 23676462 | However, combining IL-2 treatment with blockade of the PD-1 inhibitory pathway had striking synergistic effects in enhancing virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and decreasing viral load. |
| 8851 | 23676462 | These results suggest that combined IL-2 therapy and PD-L1 blockade merits consideration as a regimen for treating human chronic infections and cancer. |
| 8852 | 23676462 | PD-L1 blockade synergizes with IL-2 therapy in reinvigorating exhausted T cells. |
| 8853 | 23676462 | To address this issue, we examined the effect of IL-2 and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in the mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. |
| 8854 | 23676462 | We found that low-dose IL-2 administration alone enhanced CD8+ T cell responses in chronically infected mice. |
| 8855 | 23676462 | IL-2 treatment also decreased inhibitory receptor levels on virus-specific CD8+ T cells and increased expression of CD127 and CD44, resulting in a phenotype resembling that of memory T cells. |
| 8856 | 23676462 | However, combining IL-2 treatment with blockade of the PD-1 inhibitory pathway had striking synergistic effects in enhancing virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and decreasing viral load. |
| 8857 | 23676462 | These results suggest that combined IL-2 therapy and PD-L1 blockade merits consideration as a regimen for treating human chronic infections and cancer. |
| 8858 | 23676462 | PD-L1 blockade synergizes with IL-2 therapy in reinvigorating exhausted T cells. |
| 8859 | 23676462 | To address this issue, we examined the effect of IL-2 and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in the mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. |
| 8860 | 23676462 | We found that low-dose IL-2 administration alone enhanced CD8+ T cell responses in chronically infected mice. |
| 8861 | 23676462 | IL-2 treatment also decreased inhibitory receptor levels on virus-specific CD8+ T cells and increased expression of CD127 and CD44, resulting in a phenotype resembling that of memory T cells. |
| 8862 | 23676462 | However, combining IL-2 treatment with blockade of the PD-1 inhibitory pathway had striking synergistic effects in enhancing virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and decreasing viral load. |
| 8863 | 23676462 | These results suggest that combined IL-2 therapy and PD-L1 blockade merits consideration as a regimen for treating human chronic infections and cancer. |
| 8864 | 23676462 | PD-L1 blockade synergizes with IL-2 therapy in reinvigorating exhausted T cells. |
| 8865 | 23676462 | To address this issue, we examined the effect of IL-2 and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in the mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. |
| 8866 | 23676462 | We found that low-dose IL-2 administration alone enhanced CD8+ T cell responses in chronically infected mice. |
| 8867 | 23676462 | IL-2 treatment also decreased inhibitory receptor levels on virus-specific CD8+ T cells and increased expression of CD127 and CD44, resulting in a phenotype resembling that of memory T cells. |
| 8868 | 23676462 | However, combining IL-2 treatment with blockade of the PD-1 inhibitory pathway had striking synergistic effects in enhancing virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and decreasing viral load. |
| 8869 | 23676462 | These results suggest that combined IL-2 therapy and PD-L1 blockade merits consideration as a regimen for treating human chronic infections and cancer. |
| 8870 | 23676462 | PD-L1 blockade synergizes with IL-2 therapy in reinvigorating exhausted T cells. |
| 8871 | 23676462 | To address this issue, we examined the effect of IL-2 and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in the mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. |
| 8872 | 23676462 | We found that low-dose IL-2 administration alone enhanced CD8+ T cell responses in chronically infected mice. |
| 8873 | 23676462 | IL-2 treatment also decreased inhibitory receptor levels on virus-specific CD8+ T cells and increased expression of CD127 and CD44, resulting in a phenotype resembling that of memory T cells. |
| 8874 | 23676462 | However, combining IL-2 treatment with blockade of the PD-1 inhibitory pathway had striking synergistic effects in enhancing virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and decreasing viral load. |
| 8875 | 23676462 | These results suggest that combined IL-2 therapy and PD-L1 blockade merits consideration as a regimen for treating human chronic infections and cancer. |
| 8876 | 23676462 | PD-L1 blockade synergizes with IL-2 therapy in reinvigorating exhausted T cells. |
| 8877 | 23676462 | To address this issue, we examined the effect of IL-2 and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in the mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. |
| 8878 | 23676462 | We found that low-dose IL-2 administration alone enhanced CD8+ T cell responses in chronically infected mice. |
| 8879 | 23676462 | IL-2 treatment also decreased inhibitory receptor levels on virus-specific CD8+ T cells and increased expression of CD127 and CD44, resulting in a phenotype resembling that of memory T cells. |
| 8880 | 23676462 | However, combining IL-2 treatment with blockade of the PD-1 inhibitory pathway had striking synergistic effects in enhancing virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and decreasing viral load. |
| 8881 | 23676462 | These results suggest that combined IL-2 therapy and PD-L1 blockade merits consideration as a regimen for treating human chronic infections and cancer. |
| 8882 | 23676757 | The study shows that transcription of SEC14L1, GUSB, BPI, CCR7 and TGFβ-1 (all P ≤ 0.05) was downregulated in TB disease compared with uninfected controls, while transcription of RAB33A was downregulated in TB disease compared with both latent TB (P < 0.05) and controls (P < 0.01). |
| 8883 | 23676757 | The transcription of CD4, TGFβ-1 (P < 0.01) and the expression of IL-2 (P < 0.01) and IL-13 (P < 0.05) was upregulated in latent TB compared with that in controls. |
| 8884 | 23676757 | Using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (lasso) model, RAB33A alone discriminated between TB disease and latent TB (area under the curve (AUC) 77.5%), whereas a combination of RAB33A, CXCL10, SEC14L1, FOXP3 and TNFRSF1A was effective in discriminating between TB disease and controls (AUC 91.7%). |
| 8885 | 23676757 | In conclusion, RAB33A is a potential biomarker for TB disease, whereas CD4, TGFβ-1 and IL-2, IL-13 may identify latent TB in children. |
| 8886 | 23676757 | The study shows that transcription of SEC14L1, GUSB, BPI, CCR7 and TGFβ-1 (all P ≤ 0.05) was downregulated in TB disease compared with uninfected controls, while transcription of RAB33A was downregulated in TB disease compared with both latent TB (P < 0.05) and controls (P < 0.01). |
| 8887 | 23676757 | The transcription of CD4, TGFβ-1 (P < 0.01) and the expression of IL-2 (P < 0.01) and IL-13 (P < 0.05) was upregulated in latent TB compared with that in controls. |
| 8888 | 23676757 | Using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (lasso) model, RAB33A alone discriminated between TB disease and latent TB (area under the curve (AUC) 77.5%), whereas a combination of RAB33A, CXCL10, SEC14L1, FOXP3 and TNFRSF1A was effective in discriminating between TB disease and controls (AUC 91.7%). |
| 8889 | 23676757 | In conclusion, RAB33A is a potential biomarker for TB disease, whereas CD4, TGFβ-1 and IL-2, IL-13 may identify latent TB in children. |
| 8890 | 23677471 | Control of chronic mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by CD4 KLRG1- IL-2-secreting central memory cells. |
| 8891 | 23677471 | The regrowth of M. tuberculosis coincided with an almost complete disappearance of IL-2-producing CD4 T cells. |
| 8892 | 23677471 | Booster vaccination with a subunit vaccine (Ag85B-ESAT-6+CAF01) expanded IL-2(+) CD4(+) T cell coexpressing either TNF-α or TNF-α/IFN-γ, and the maintenance of this population in the late stage of infection was associated with enhanced control of bacterial growth. |
| 8893 | 23677471 | The IL-2(+) CD4(+) T cell subsets were KLRG1(-) (nonterminally differentiated), were found to be CD62L(high), and further maintained a pronounced proliferative and cytokine-producing potential in the draining lymph nodes, when the animals were challenged 2 y postvaccination. |
| 8894 | 23677471 | These results suggest that the CD4(+) KLRG1(-) IL-2-secreting subsets are central memory T cells with the potential to continuously replenish the T cells at the site of infection and prevent attrition and functional exhaustion. |
| 8895 | 23677471 | Control of chronic mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by CD4 KLRG1- IL-2-secreting central memory cells. |
| 8896 | 23677471 | The regrowth of M. tuberculosis coincided with an almost complete disappearance of IL-2-producing CD4 T cells. |
| 8897 | 23677471 | Booster vaccination with a subunit vaccine (Ag85B-ESAT-6+CAF01) expanded IL-2(+) CD4(+) T cell coexpressing either TNF-α or TNF-α/IFN-γ, and the maintenance of this population in the late stage of infection was associated with enhanced control of bacterial growth. |
| 8898 | 23677471 | The IL-2(+) CD4(+) T cell subsets were KLRG1(-) (nonterminally differentiated), were found to be CD62L(high), and further maintained a pronounced proliferative and cytokine-producing potential in the draining lymph nodes, when the animals were challenged 2 y postvaccination. |
| 8899 | 23677471 | These results suggest that the CD4(+) KLRG1(-) IL-2-secreting subsets are central memory T cells with the potential to continuously replenish the T cells at the site of infection and prevent attrition and functional exhaustion. |
| 8900 | 23677471 | Control of chronic mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by CD4 KLRG1- IL-2-secreting central memory cells. |
| 8901 | 23677471 | The regrowth of M. tuberculosis coincided with an almost complete disappearance of IL-2-producing CD4 T cells. |
| 8902 | 23677471 | Booster vaccination with a subunit vaccine (Ag85B-ESAT-6+CAF01) expanded IL-2(+) CD4(+) T cell coexpressing either TNF-α or TNF-α/IFN-γ, and the maintenance of this population in the late stage of infection was associated with enhanced control of bacterial growth. |
| 8903 | 23677471 | The IL-2(+) CD4(+) T cell subsets were KLRG1(-) (nonterminally differentiated), were found to be CD62L(high), and further maintained a pronounced proliferative and cytokine-producing potential in the draining lymph nodes, when the animals were challenged 2 y postvaccination. |
| 8904 | 23677471 | These results suggest that the CD4(+) KLRG1(-) IL-2-secreting subsets are central memory T cells with the potential to continuously replenish the T cells at the site of infection and prevent attrition and functional exhaustion. |
| 8905 | 23677471 | Control of chronic mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by CD4 KLRG1- IL-2-secreting central memory cells. |
| 8906 | 23677471 | The regrowth of M. tuberculosis coincided with an almost complete disappearance of IL-2-producing CD4 T cells. |
| 8907 | 23677471 | Booster vaccination with a subunit vaccine (Ag85B-ESAT-6+CAF01) expanded IL-2(+) CD4(+) T cell coexpressing either TNF-α or TNF-α/IFN-γ, and the maintenance of this population in the late stage of infection was associated with enhanced control of bacterial growth. |
| 8908 | 23677471 | The IL-2(+) CD4(+) T cell subsets were KLRG1(-) (nonterminally differentiated), were found to be CD62L(high), and further maintained a pronounced proliferative and cytokine-producing potential in the draining lymph nodes, when the animals were challenged 2 y postvaccination. |
| 8909 | 23677471 | These results suggest that the CD4(+) KLRG1(-) IL-2-secreting subsets are central memory T cells with the potential to continuously replenish the T cells at the site of infection and prevent attrition and functional exhaustion. |
| 8910 | 23677471 | Control of chronic mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by CD4 KLRG1- IL-2-secreting central memory cells. |
| 8911 | 23677471 | The regrowth of M. tuberculosis coincided with an almost complete disappearance of IL-2-producing CD4 T cells. |
| 8912 | 23677471 | Booster vaccination with a subunit vaccine (Ag85B-ESAT-6+CAF01) expanded IL-2(+) CD4(+) T cell coexpressing either TNF-α or TNF-α/IFN-γ, and the maintenance of this population in the late stage of infection was associated with enhanced control of bacterial growth. |
| 8913 | 23677471 | The IL-2(+) CD4(+) T cell subsets were KLRG1(-) (nonterminally differentiated), were found to be CD62L(high), and further maintained a pronounced proliferative and cytokine-producing potential in the draining lymph nodes, when the animals were challenged 2 y postvaccination. |
| 8914 | 23677471 | These results suggest that the CD4(+) KLRG1(-) IL-2-secreting subsets are central memory T cells with the potential to continuously replenish the T cells at the site of infection and prevent attrition and functional exhaustion. |
| 8915 | 23687150 | After the oral administration of IAIV combined with CpG DNA and glucose, the expression levels of interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 in the small intestine tissues increased significantly in the early period after booster immunization relative to the levels after immunization with IAIV and a single adjuvant. |
| 8916 | 23707076 | Previous published studies showed that vaccination with Ag85A/ESAT-6 bio-beads induced antigen-specific IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-2 in splenocytes, but no significant increase in IL-4, IL-5 or IL-10. |
| 8917 | 23707076 | New results showed that antigen-specific IFN-γ release was induced by both CD4 and CD8 T cells in mice vaccinated with the Ag85A/ESAT-6 bio-beads. |
| 8918 | 23707169 | A recombinant fusion protein (F4) consisting of HIV-1 p17, p24, reverse transcriptase (RT) and Nef, adjuvanted with AS01, induced strong and broad CD4(+) T cell responses in healthy volunteers. |
| 8919 | 23707169 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with p17, p24, RT and Nef peptide pools and analyzed by flow cytometry for expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and CD40L. |
| 8920 | 23707169 | After in vitro stimulation with p17, p24 and RT antigen viral controllers had significantly more CD4(+) T cells co-expressing IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α than other HIV patient categories. |
| 8921 | 23707169 | In contrast with viral controllers, triple cytokine producing CD4(+) T cells in vaccinees also expressed CD40L. |
| 8922 | 23707169 | A recombinant fusion protein (F4) consisting of HIV-1 p17, p24, reverse transcriptase (RT) and Nef, adjuvanted with AS01, induced strong and broad CD4(+) T cell responses in healthy volunteers. |
| 8923 | 23707169 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with p17, p24, RT and Nef peptide pools and analyzed by flow cytometry for expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and CD40L. |
| 8924 | 23707169 | After in vitro stimulation with p17, p24 and RT antigen viral controllers had significantly more CD4(+) T cells co-expressing IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α than other HIV patient categories. |
| 8925 | 23707169 | In contrast with viral controllers, triple cytokine producing CD4(+) T cells in vaccinees also expressed CD40L. |
| 8926 | 23708146 | The immunization of mice with recombinant PE3 protein stimulated the secretion of TNF, IL-6 and IL-2 cytokines and generated strong protective immunity against challenge with live mycobacteria, which was evidenced by decreased viable bacilli in the lungs, histopathological changes and increased survival of PE3 immunized mice. |
| 8927 | 23716300 | MyD88 and TRIF synergistic interaction is required for TH1-cell polarization with a synthetic TLR4 agonist adjuvant. |
| 8928 | 23716300 | Different TLR4 agonists may preferentially signal via MyD88 or TIR-domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) to exert adjuvant effects; however, the contribution of MyD88 and TRIF signaling to the induction of polyclonal T(H)1 responses by TLR4 agonist adjuvants has not been studied in vivo. |
| 8929 | 23716300 | To determine whether GLA-SE preferentially signals through MyD88 or TRIF, we evaluated the immune response against a candidate tuberculosis (TB) vaccine Ag following immunization of mice lacking either signaling adapter compared with that of wild-type mice. |
| 8930 | 23716300 | We find that both MyD88 and TRIF are necessary for GLA-SE to induce a poly-functional T(H)1 immune response characterized by CD4(+) T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-2, as well as IgG2c class switching, when paired with the TB vaccine Ag ID93. |
| 8931 | 23716300 | We demonstrate that MyD88 and TRIF must be expressed in the same cell for the in vivo T(H)1-skewing adjuvant activity, indicating that these two signaling pathways cooperate on an intracellular level. |
| 8932 | 23716300 | Thus engagement of both the MyD88 and TRIF signaling pathways are essential for the effective adjuvant activity of this TLR4 agonist. |
| 8933 | 23727003 | A single dose of vaccine effectively activated T cells with an expansion peak on day 10 post immunization and elicited memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that produced IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 upon restimulation with CHIKV/IRES. |
| 8934 | 23727003 | Adoptive transfer of CHIKV/IRES-immune CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells did not confer protection against wtCHIKV-LR challenge. |
| 8935 | 23737382 | During the effector phase, MVA85A-induced specific CD4(+) T cells coexpressed IFN-γ and IL-2, skin homing integrins, and the activation marker CD38. |
| 8936 | 23737382 | This was followed by contraction and a transition to predominantly IL-2-expressing, CD45RA(-) CCR7(+) CD27(+) or CD45RA(+) CCR7(+) CD27(+) specific CD4(+) T cells. |
| 8937 | 23737382 | During the effector phase, MVA85A-induced specific CD4(+) T cells coexpressed IFN-γ and IL-2, skin homing integrins, and the activation marker CD38. |
| 8938 | 23737382 | This was followed by contraction and a transition to predominantly IL-2-expressing, CD45RA(-) CCR7(+) CD27(+) or CD45RA(+) CCR7(+) CD27(+) specific CD4(+) T cells. |
| 8939 | 23748671 | Flow-sorted CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low) Tregs were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 coated beads and cultured in the presence of IL-2. |
| 8940 | 23748671 | The expanded Tregs expressed high levels of FOXP3, CTLA4 and HELIOS compared to conventional T cells and were shown to be highly suppressive. |
| 8941 | 23749087 | Compared to controls, the pcDNA/MIC11 immunized mice had high production of IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-2 (p < 0.05), but not IL-4 (p > 0.05), indicating that a predominant Th1 type response was developed. |
| 8942 | 23760241 | Infection of B cells resulted in the significant upregulation of early markers of B cell activation and antigen presentation, including CD69, major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), and CD40 in murine B cells or HLA-DR and CD40 in human B cells compared to mock-infected cells or cells treated with an inactivated RABV-based vaccine. |
| 8943 | 23760241 | Furthermore, primary B cells infected with a live RABV expressing ovalbumin were able to prime and stimulate naive CD4(+) OT-II T cells to proliferate and to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2), demonstrating a functional consequence of B cell infection and activation by live RABV-based vaccine vectors. |
| 8944 | 23772631 | First, IBTs were proposed either to help restore CD4(+) T-cell counts in cases of therapeutic failures with cytokines, interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-7, or to better control HIV and disease progression during treatment interruptions with anti-HIV therapeutic candidate vaccines. |
| 8945 | 23785766 | The humoral immune response was assessed with ELISA; cellular immune response--in blast transformation reaction, by quantitation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation using flow cytofluorometry, by intracellular synthesis and secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-2 in ELISpot and ELISA. |
| 8946 | 23785766 | It was found that the functionally active T cell response was achieved to antigens presenting NS3, NS4, NS5A, and NS5B epitopes of different HCV genotypes in response to pcNS3-NS5B plasmid and was stronger than that to plasmids carrying individual genes. |
| 8947 | 23785766 | A high proliferation rate of CD4+ T cells, secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, induction of anti-NS3 and anti-NS5B IgG2a were demonstrated. |
| 8948 | 23785766 | The humoral immune response was assessed with ELISA; cellular immune response--in blast transformation reaction, by quantitation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation using flow cytofluorometry, by intracellular synthesis and secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-2 in ELISpot and ELISA. |
| 8949 | 23785766 | It was found that the functionally active T cell response was achieved to antigens presenting NS3, NS4, NS5A, and NS5B epitopes of different HCV genotypes in response to pcNS3-NS5B plasmid and was stronger than that to plasmids carrying individual genes. |
| 8950 | 23785766 | A high proliferation rate of CD4+ T cells, secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, induction of anti-NS3 and anti-NS5B IgG2a were demonstrated. |
| 8951 | 23802595 | The majority of clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) show high and homogeneous expression levels of the tumor associated antigen (TAA) carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), and treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2) based immunotherapy can lead to cure in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). |
| 8952 | 23802595 | However, the involvement of CAIX specific CD8+ T cells and/or NK cells in the tumor eradication is unknown. |
| 8953 | 23802595 | We investigated T cell and antibody reactivity against overlapping 15-mer CAIX-peptides as well as HLA haplotype frequency and NK cell cytotoxicity in 11 patients with no evidence of disease (NED) following treatment with IL-2 based immunotherapy, and thus potentially cured. |
| 8954 | 23802595 | In particular, a HLA-B*40:01 restricted CD8+ T cell response recognizing the CAIX- derived peptide SEEEGSLKL was identified. |
| 8955 | 23802595 | The majority of clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) show high and homogeneous expression levels of the tumor associated antigen (TAA) carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), and treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2) based immunotherapy can lead to cure in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). |
| 8956 | 23802595 | However, the involvement of CAIX specific CD8+ T cells and/or NK cells in the tumor eradication is unknown. |
| 8957 | 23802595 | We investigated T cell and antibody reactivity against overlapping 15-mer CAIX-peptides as well as HLA haplotype frequency and NK cell cytotoxicity in 11 patients with no evidence of disease (NED) following treatment with IL-2 based immunotherapy, and thus potentially cured. |
| 8958 | 23802595 | In particular, a HLA-B*40:01 restricted CD8+ T cell response recognizing the CAIX- derived peptide SEEEGSLKL was identified. |
| 8959 | 23806267 | We observed statistically significant sex-related differences in the secretion of IL-2 (p<0.001), IL-1β (p<0.001) and IL-10 (p=0.017). |
| 8960 | 23825389 | DCs treated with RpfB displayed features of mature and functional status, with elevated expression of cell surface molecules (CD80, CD86, and MHC class I and II) and proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70). |
| 8961 | 23825389 | RpfB-treated DCs effectively polarized naïve CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to secrete IFN-γ and IL-2. |
| 8962 | 23825389 | Importantly, RpfB induced the expansion of memory CD4(+)/CD8(+)CD44(high)CD62L(low) T cells in the spleen of M. tuberculosis-infected mice. |
| 8963 | 23836827 | Significantly higher levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)/interleukin-2 (IL-2)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) multifunctional T cells were noted in immunized mice than in control mice. |
| 8964 | 23836827 | We also report the first identification of minimal CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell epitopes on Plasmodium yoelii AMA-1. |
| 8965 | 23840706 | Delivery of LmSTI1a to adjuvant-matured DCs increased the frequency of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells producing IFN-γ(+), IL-2(+), and TNF-α(+) in two different strains of mice (C57BL/6 and Balb/c), while such responses were not observed with the same doses of a control Ig-LmSTI1a mAb without receptor affinity or with non-targeted LmSTI1a protein. |
| 8966 | 23840706 | Using a peptide library for LmSTI1a, we identified at least two distinct CD4(+) T cell mimetopes in each MHC class II haplotype, consistent with the induction of broad immunity. |
| 8967 | 23840706 | When we compared T cell immune responses generated after targeting DCs with LmSTI1a or other L. major antigens, including LACK (Leishmania receptor for activated C kinase) and LeIF (Leishmania eukaryotic ribosomal elongation and initiation factor 4a), we found that LmSTI1a was superior for generation of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells, which correlated with higher protection of susceptible Balb/c mice to a challenge with L. major. |
| 8968 | 23841051 | The use of a DNA vaccine encoding the BCR/ABL fusion gene is thought to be a promising approach for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to eradicate minimal residual disease after treatment with chemotherapy or targeted therapy. |
| 8969 | 23841051 | In this study, our strategy employs genetic technology to create a DNA vaccine encoding the BCR/ABL fusion and human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) genes. |
| 8970 | 23841051 | The transcription and expression of the BCR/ABL and hIL-2 genes were found in the injected muscle tissues. |
| 8971 | 23841051 | The interferon- γ (IFN- γ ) serum levels were increased, and the splenic CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell ratio was significantly decreased in the BCR/ABL-pIRES-hIL-2-injected mice. |
| 8972 | 23841051 | These results indicate that a DNA vaccine containing BCR/ABL and hIL-2 together may elicit increased in vivo humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice. |
| 8973 | 23841051 | The use of a DNA vaccine encoding the BCR/ABL fusion gene is thought to be a promising approach for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to eradicate minimal residual disease after treatment with chemotherapy or targeted therapy. |
| 8974 | 23841051 | In this study, our strategy employs genetic technology to create a DNA vaccine encoding the BCR/ABL fusion and human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) genes. |
| 8975 | 23841051 | The transcription and expression of the BCR/ABL and hIL-2 genes were found in the injected muscle tissues. |
| 8976 | 23841051 | The interferon- γ (IFN- γ ) serum levels were increased, and the splenic CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell ratio was significantly decreased in the BCR/ABL-pIRES-hIL-2-injected mice. |
| 8977 | 23841051 | These results indicate that a DNA vaccine containing BCR/ABL and hIL-2 together may elicit increased in vivo humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice. |
| 8978 | 23841051 | The use of a DNA vaccine encoding the BCR/ABL fusion gene is thought to be a promising approach for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to eradicate minimal residual disease after treatment with chemotherapy or targeted therapy. |
| 8979 | 23841051 | In this study, our strategy employs genetic technology to create a DNA vaccine encoding the BCR/ABL fusion and human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) genes. |
| 8980 | 23841051 | The transcription and expression of the BCR/ABL and hIL-2 genes were found in the injected muscle tissues. |
| 8981 | 23841051 | The interferon- γ (IFN- γ ) serum levels were increased, and the splenic CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell ratio was significantly decreased in the BCR/ABL-pIRES-hIL-2-injected mice. |
| 8982 | 23841051 | These results indicate that a DNA vaccine containing BCR/ABL and hIL-2 together may elicit increased in vivo humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice. |
| 8983 | 23871358 | We envisage future treatment protocols, in which systemic immune activators, such as vaccines, dendritic cell-based therapies, engineered variants of IL-2, or IL-15, are combined with agents that counter immunosuppression mediated by, e.g., the PD/PDL interaction, CTLA-4, CD200, reactive oxygen species, IDO expression, CXCR4, or the KIR/class I interaction, based on characteristics of the prevailing malignant clone. |
| 8984 | 23873619 | Expression of IL-2 (4.5-fold) and IFN-γ (3.2-fold), followed by IL-6 (1.7-fold) and IL-4 (1.6-fold), with downregulation of TNF-α and IL-10 was observed in response to F. gigantica infection in these animals. |
| 8985 | 23873619 | However, there was a sharp increase in the expression of the IL-4 (211.93 and 111.81-fold) and IL-6 mRNA (219.22 and 48.29-fold) to GST and FABP immunizations, respectively. |
| 8986 | 23873619 | A downregulation of the IL-1α, a Th1 cytokine in response to FABP and GST immunization in these calves, was also observed. |
| 8987 | 23874793 | Natural killer cell cytokine response to M. bovis BCG Is associated with inhibited proliferation, increased apoptosis and ultimate depletion of NKp44(+)CD56(bright) cells. |
| 8988 | 23874793 | We found that M. bovis BCG mediates apoptosis of NK cells only in the context of IL-2 stimulation during which CD56(bright) NK cells are releasing IFN-γ in response to mycobacteria. |
| 8989 | 23874793 | We found that the presence of mycobacteria prevented the IL-2 induced proliferation and surface expression of NKp44 receptor by the CD56(bright) population. |
| 8990 | 23874793 | Natural killer cell cytokine response to M. bovis BCG Is associated with inhibited proliferation, increased apoptosis and ultimate depletion of NKp44(+)CD56(bright) cells. |
| 8991 | 23874793 | We found that M. bovis BCG mediates apoptosis of NK cells only in the context of IL-2 stimulation during which CD56(bright) NK cells are releasing IFN-γ in response to mycobacteria. |
| 8992 | 23874793 | We found that the presence of mycobacteria prevented the IL-2 induced proliferation and surface expression of NKp44 receptor by the CD56(bright) population. |
| 8993 | 23880365 | After injection of exosomes non-incubated with Tspan-3 Ab, greater numbers of cells secreting interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-16, interferon-γ, and E. tenella-reactive Abs were observed in the cecal tonsils of chickens immunized with cecal DC exosomes compared with the spleen. |
| 8994 | 23881522 | Using mouse models, we previously demonstrated that ovalbumin (OVA)-specific dendritic cell (DC)-released exosome (EXOOVA)-targeted CD4(+) T cell-based (OVA-TEXO) vaccine stimulates efficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses via exosomal peptide/major histocompatibility complex (pMHC)-I, exosomal CD80 and endogenous IL-2 signaling; and long-term CTL memory by means of via endogenous CD40L signaling. |
| 8995 | 23881522 | We prepared HER2/neu-specific Neu-TEXO and HER2-TEXO vaccines using adenoviral vector (AdVneu and AdVHER2)-transfected DC (DCneu and DCHER2)-released EXOs (EXOneu and EXOHER2), and assessed their stimulatory effects on HER2/neu-specific CTL responses and antitumor immunity. |
| 8996 | 23883369 | This study demonstrated that the enteric stage of T. spiralis infection could inhibit the proliferative response of spleen lymphocytes to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and lead to lower levels of anti-HBsAg antibodies, interferon-γ, and interleukin (IL)-2, along with higher levels of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 8997 | 23896580 | Anti-Luc antibodies were assessed by ELISA, and T-cell response by IFN-γ and IL-2 FluoroSpot in which mouse splenocytes were stimulated with Luc or a peptide representing its immunodominant CD8+ T-cell epitope GFQSMYTFV. |
| 8998 | 23896580 | Superficial injection of Luc DNA followed by optimal EP led to a low level Luc expression in the mouse skin, and triggered a CD8+ T-cell response characterized by the peptide-specific secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2, but no specific antibodies. |
| 8999 | 23896580 | Anti-Luc antibodies were assessed by ELISA, and T-cell response by IFN-γ and IL-2 FluoroSpot in which mouse splenocytes were stimulated with Luc or a peptide representing its immunodominant CD8+ T-cell epitope GFQSMYTFV. |
| 9000 | 23896580 | Superficial injection of Luc DNA followed by optimal EP led to a low level Luc expression in the mouse skin, and triggered a CD8+ T-cell response characterized by the peptide-specific secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2, but no specific antibodies. |
| 9001 | 23897618 | Sustained production of IFN-γ, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha was elicited in both the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell compartments. |
| 9002 | 23897618 | Notably, antigen-specific CD8(+) granzyme B(+) T cells were observed in NHPs. |
| 9003 | 23910466 | In present study, we constructed a multi-adjuvant WCTV based on the nanoparticles modified with cell penetrating peptide, which could facilitate the transportation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) into tumor cells. |
| 9004 | 23926442 | We examined the immune response mediated by macrophages (CD14+), natural killer cells (CD56+), and B lymphocytes (CD19+) by flow cytometry and assessed the expression of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-12), Th2 (IL-4), and Treg (TGF-β) cytokines by flow cytometry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 9005 | 23926442 | The CD14+ TNF-α+ population was significantly increased (P < 0.04) when patients received the vaccine; IL-2 expression in both NK cells and in B lymphocytes was increased after a transient initial increase showed a nearly significant decrease (P < 0.07 and P < 0.06 respectively), whereas the CD19+ and CD56+ populations did not show significant changes. |
| 9006 | 23926442 | We examined the immune response mediated by macrophages (CD14+), natural killer cells (CD56+), and B lymphocytes (CD19+) by flow cytometry and assessed the expression of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-12), Th2 (IL-4), and Treg (TGF-β) cytokines by flow cytometry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 9007 | 23926442 | The CD14+ TNF-α+ population was significantly increased (P < 0.04) when patients received the vaccine; IL-2 expression in both NK cells and in B lymphocytes was increased after a transient initial increase showed a nearly significant decrease (P < 0.07 and P < 0.06 respectively), whereas the CD19+ and CD56+ populations did not show significant changes. |
| 9008 | 23928460 | In contrast to rSAG1, which only stimulated the release of IFN-γ and IL-2, rROP5 induced the specific production of IL-10, the Th2-type cytokine, in addition to IFN-γ and IL-2. |
| 9009 | 23933364 | IL-4 and IL-13 mediated down-regulation of CD8 expression levels can dampen anti-viral CD8⁺ T cell avidity following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. |
| 9010 | 23933364 | We have shown that mucosal HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination can induce high, avidity HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells with reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 expression compared to, systemic vaccine delivery. |
| 9011 | 23933364 | Out of a panel of T cell avidity markers tested, only CD8 expression levels were found to be enhanced on, KdGag197-205 (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T cells obtained from IL-13(-/-), IL-4(-/-) and signal transducer and, activator of transcription of 6 (STAT6)(-/-) mice compared to wild-type (WT) controls following, vaccination. |
| 9012 | 23933364 | Elevated CD8 expression levels in this instance also correlated with polyfunctionality, (interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necorsis factor (TNF)-α and IL-2 production) and the avidity of HIVspecific CD8(+) T cells. |
| 9013 | 23933364 | IL-13Rα2) vaccines significantly enhanced CD8 expression levels on HIV-specific CD8(+), T cells, which correlated with avidity. |
| 9014 | 23933364 | Using anti-CD8 antibodies that blocked CD8 availability on CD8(+), T cells, it was established that CD8 played an important role in increasing HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell avidity and polyfunctionality in IL-4(-/-), IL-13(-/-) and STAT6(-/-) mice compared to WT controls, following vaccination. |
| 9015 | 23933364 | Collectively, our data demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 dampen CD8 expression levels on anti-viral CD8(+) T cells, which can down-regulate anti-viral CD8(+) T cell avidity and, polyfunctionality following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. |
| 9016 | 23943377 | In the present study, exosomes purified from macrophages treated with M. tuberculosis CFP were found to induce antigen-specific IFN-γ and IL-2-expressing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 9017 | 23945160 | We found that higher concentrations of CXCL13 and lower concentrations of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in serum were associated with higher odds for clinically evident Lyme neuroborreliosis compared to suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis, as well as to TBE. |
| 9018 | 23945160 | The concentrations of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and CXCL13 in the CSF were higher in patients with evident Lyme neuroborreliosis than in those who were only suspected to have the disease. |
| 9019 | 23950909 | Flow cytometric analysis showed the increase in IFN-γ correlated with a significantly higher level of proliferation of CD4, CD8 and γδT cells and an increased expression of CD25 and CD45R0 in MAP316F vaccinated animals as compared to control animals. |
| 9020 | 23950909 | Evaluation of a range of cytokines involved in Th1, Th2, Treg, and Th17 immune responses by quantitative PCR showed low levels of expression of Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α) in the Sal-Ag immunized group. |
| 9021 | 23950909 | Significant levels of Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines transcripts (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β) were expressed but their level was low and with a pattern similar to the control group. |
| 9022 | 23954198 | Based on in vitro assay, 6-O-palmitoyl Agnuside (AG-3) was further taken up for detailed in vivo activity and found to significantly enhance the production of anti OVA IgG titer, neutralizing antibody (IgG1 and IgG2a) titer as well as soluble mediators of a Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ)/Th2 response (IL-4) and proliferation of T lymphocyte subsets (CD4/CD8) and co stimulatory molecules CD80/CD86. |
| 9023 | 23966552 | The CD3(+) CD4(-) CD8(hi) T cell population was the first and major source of CSFV-specific IFN-γ. |
| 9024 | 23966552 | A proportion of these cells showed evidence for cytotoxicity, as evidenced by CD107a mobilization, and coexpressed tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). |
| 9025 | 23966552 | While virus-specific CD4 T cell (CD3(+) CD4(+) CD8α(+)) responses were detected, the dominant response was again from the CD8 T cell population, with the highest numbers of these cells being detected 14 and 7 days after the primary and secondary challenges, respectively. |
| 9026 | 23966552 | These CD8 T cells were further characterized as CD44(hi) CD62L(-) and expressed variable levels of CD25 and CD27, indicative of a mixed effector and effector memory phenotype. |
| 9027 | 23966552 | The majority of virus-specific IFN-γ(+) CD8 T cells isolated at the peaks of the response after each challenge displayed CD107a on their surface, and subpopulations that coexpressed TNF-α and interleukin 2 (IL-2) were identified. |
| 9028 | 23967128 | Our results showed that the group immunised with 30 μg rTgPDI showed significantly higher levels of specific antibodies against the recombinant protein, a strong lymphoproliferative response and significantly higher levels of IgG2a, IFN-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-2 and IL-4 production compared with other doses and control groups. |
| 9029 | 23977084 | Priming with the individual rBCGΔpanCD vaccines or the mix and boosting with SAAVI MVA-C also resulted in the generation of HIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-γ and TNF-α and CD4(+) cells producing IL-2. |
| 9030 | 23977248 | In contrast, in mice vaccinated with adjuvanted recombinant H28 alone (H28/H28) we observed the highest production of IL-2 per single cell and the highest frequency of antigen specific TNF-α/IL-2 expressing CD4 T cells pre and post infection. |
| 9031 | 23977248 | Interestingly, TNF-α/IL-2 expressing central memory-like CD4 T cells showed a significant positive correlation with protection at week 6 post infection, whereas the opposite was observed for post infection CD4 T cells producing only IFN-γ. |
| 9032 | 23977248 | Taken together, our data showed that the adjuvanted subunit and MVA strategies led to different T cell subset combinations pre and post infection and that TNF-α/IL-2 double producing but not IFN-γ single producing CD4 T cell subsets correlated with protection in the mouse TB model. |
| 9033 | 23977248 | In contrast, in mice vaccinated with adjuvanted recombinant H28 alone (H28/H28) we observed the highest production of IL-2 per single cell and the highest frequency of antigen specific TNF-α/IL-2 expressing CD4 T cells pre and post infection. |
| 9034 | 23977248 | Interestingly, TNF-α/IL-2 expressing central memory-like CD4 T cells showed a significant positive correlation with protection at week 6 post infection, whereas the opposite was observed for post infection CD4 T cells producing only IFN-γ. |
| 9035 | 23977248 | Taken together, our data showed that the adjuvanted subunit and MVA strategies led to different T cell subset combinations pre and post infection and that TNF-α/IL-2 double producing but not IFN-γ single producing CD4 T cell subsets correlated with protection in the mouse TB model. |
| 9036 | 23977248 | In contrast, in mice vaccinated with adjuvanted recombinant H28 alone (H28/H28) we observed the highest production of IL-2 per single cell and the highest frequency of antigen specific TNF-α/IL-2 expressing CD4 T cells pre and post infection. |
| 9037 | 23977248 | Interestingly, TNF-α/IL-2 expressing central memory-like CD4 T cells showed a significant positive correlation with protection at week 6 post infection, whereas the opposite was observed for post infection CD4 T cells producing only IFN-γ. |
| 9038 | 23977248 | Taken together, our data showed that the adjuvanted subunit and MVA strategies led to different T cell subset combinations pre and post infection and that TNF-α/IL-2 double producing but not IFN-γ single producing CD4 T cell subsets correlated with protection in the mouse TB model. |
| 9039 | 23980113 | Here, we have further characterized vaccine-induced changes in the CD8(+) T cell phenotype and demonstrated significant upregulation of CD11c on CD3(+) CD8b(+) T cells in the liver, spleen, and peripheral blood. |
| 9040 | 23980113 | CD11c(+) CD8(+) T cells are predominantly CD11a(hi) CD44(hi) CD62L(-), indicative of antigen-experienced effector cells. |
| 9041 | 23980113 | Following in vitro restimulation with malaria-infected hepatocytes, CD11c(+) CD8(+) T cells expressed inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity markers, including IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), perforin, and CD107a. |
| 9042 | 23980113 | CD11c(-) CD8(+) T cells, on the other hand, expressed negligible amounts of all inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity markers tested, indicating that CD11c marks multifunctional effector CD8(+) T cells. |
| 9043 | 23980113 | Coculture of CD11c(+), but not CD11c(-), CD8(+) T cells with sporozoite-infected primary hepatocytes significantly inhibited liver-stage parasite development. |
| 9044 | 23980113 | Tetramer staining for the immunodominant circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-specific CD8(+) T cell epitope demonstrated that approximately two-thirds of CSP-specific cells expressed CD11c at the peak of the CD11c(+) CD8(+) T cell response, but CD11c expression was lost as the CD8(+) T cells entered the memory phase. |
| 9045 | 23980113 | Further analyses showed that CD11c(+) CD8(+) T cells are primarily KLRG1(+) CD127(-) terminal effectors, whereas all KLRG1(-) CD127(+) memory precursor effector cells are CD11c(-) CD8(+) T cells. |
| 9046 | 23986600 | We have reported previously that ocular infection of different strains of mice with recombinant herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) constitutively expressing interleukin-2 (IL-2) provokes central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and optic neuropathy, as determined by changes in visual evoked cortical potentials and pathological changes in the optic nerve and CNS, whereas recombinant viruses expressing IL-4, gamma interferon, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, or IL-12p70 do not induce this neuropathy. |
| 9047 | 24007495 | The combination of a coadministered plasmid encoding IL-2, optimization of the coding sequence for mammalian cells, and the use of different delivery routes resulted in enhancements of the E7-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cell responses and full therapeutic protection under experimental conditions. |
| 9048 | 24015262 | The recombinant protein elicited a mixed Th1/Th2 type of protective immune response as evidenced by the generation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and an increased production of antibody isotypes IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgA. |
| 9049 | 24030809 | IFN-α8 and -α10 most potently enhanced expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4. |
| 9050 | 24030809 | While enhancement of IL-2 and IL-4 correlated with the time of preincubation with type I IFN, IFN-γ production was enhanced best when IFN-α was added immediately preceding or simultaneously with T-cell stimulation. |
| 9051 | 24030809 | IFN-α8 and -α10 most potently enhanced expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4. |
| 9052 | 24030809 | While enhancement of IL-2 and IL-4 correlated with the time of preincubation with type I IFN, IFN-γ production was enhanced best when IFN-α was added immediately preceding or simultaneously with T-cell stimulation. |
| 9053 | 24031690 | The transferrin binding protein A (TbpA) has been found to act as immunogen and potent vaccine candidate in various Gram negative bacteria including P. multocida. |
| 9054 | 24031690 | The tbpA gene of P. multocida serotype B:2 was cloned in a mammalian expression vector alone and along with murine IL2 gene as immunological adjuvant to produce monocistronic and bicistronic DNA vaccine constructs, respectively. |
| 9055 | 24036137 | Mucosal immunization of mice with recombinant L. lactis NZ9000 containing the UreB-IL-2 protein elicited more anti-UreB antibody that specifically bounded to the purified bacterial UreB protein and more cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17, and had a lower H. pylori burden and urease activity than control mice. |
| 9056 | 24039703 | Interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 producing PPD-specific CD4 T cells were analysed longitudinally before each instillation using a rapid flow-cytometric whole blood immunoassay. |
| 9057 | 24055089 | Statistical analysis indicated 6 genes, namely IFNG, IL2, XCL1, CD69, CSF2 and CXCL10, as significantly upregulated by PTx which was also demonstrated at the protein level for genes encoding secreted proteins. |
| 9058 | 24056771 | Higher frequencies of pre-existing T cells to conserved CD8 epitopes were found in individuals who developed less severe illness, with total symptom score having the strongest inverse correlation with the frequency of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)(+) interleukin-2 (IL-2)(-) CD8(+) T cells (r = -0.6, P = 0.004). |
| 9059 | 24056771 | Within this functional CD8(+)IFN-γ(+)IL-2(-) population, cells with the CD45RA(+) chemokine (C-C) receptor 7 (CCR7)(-) phenotype inversely correlated with symptom score and had lung-homing and cytotoxic potential. |
| 9060 | 24056771 | Higher frequencies of pre-existing T cells to conserved CD8 epitopes were found in individuals who developed less severe illness, with total symptom score having the strongest inverse correlation with the frequency of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)(+) interleukin-2 (IL-2)(-) CD8(+) T cells (r = -0.6, P = 0.004). |
| 9061 | 24056771 | Within this functional CD8(+)IFN-γ(+)IL-2(-) population, cells with the CD45RA(+) chemokine (C-C) receptor 7 (CCR7)(-) phenotype inversely correlated with symptom score and had lung-homing and cytotoxic potential. |
| 9062 | 24076370 | On days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 after the first vaccination, antibody titers, interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels, peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ levels, and T lymphocyte proliferation rates in peripheral blood, as well as secreting-type immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in the duodenum, were measured. |
| 9063 | 24076370 | The antibody titers against ompA, IL-2, T lymphocyte proliferation rate, CD4+, and CD8+ in Group II were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in other groups. |
| 9064 | 24076370 | On days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 after the first vaccination, antibody titers, interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels, peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ levels, and T lymphocyte proliferation rates in peripheral blood, as well as secreting-type immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in the duodenum, were measured. |
| 9065 | 24076370 | The antibody titers against ompA, IL-2, T lymphocyte proliferation rate, CD4+, and CD8+ in Group II were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in other groups. |
| 9066 | 24084262 | Clinical validation of IFNγ/IL-10 and IFNγ/IL-2 FluoroSpot assays for the detection of Tr1 T cells and influenza vaccine monitoring in humans. |
| 9067 | 24089189 | For CD8 T cells, all adjuvants induced a comparable response magnitude, but combining poly I:C with ISCOMs induced a high frequency of CD127(+), IL-2-producing cells with decreased expression of Tbet compared with either adjuvant alone. |
| 9068 | 24089189 | For CD4 T cells, combining poly I:C and ISCOMs increased the frequency of multifunctional cells, producing IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF, and the total magnitude of the response compared with either adjuvant alone. |
| 9069 | 24089189 | CD8 or CD4 T cell responses induced by both adjuvants mediated protection against Gag-expressing Listeria monocytogenes or vaccinia viral infections. |
| 9070 | 24089189 | For CD8 T cells, all adjuvants induced a comparable response magnitude, but combining poly I:C with ISCOMs induced a high frequency of CD127(+), IL-2-producing cells with decreased expression of Tbet compared with either adjuvant alone. |
| 9071 | 24089189 | For CD4 T cells, combining poly I:C and ISCOMs increased the frequency of multifunctional cells, producing IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF, and the total magnitude of the response compared with either adjuvant alone. |
| 9072 | 24089189 | CD8 or CD4 T cell responses induced by both adjuvants mediated protection against Gag-expressing Listeria monocytogenes or vaccinia viral infections. |
| 9073 | 24090087 | Splenocytes from rBsc-PYP-1/FCA-immunized mice secreted low levels of T helper (Th)1-type cytokines, interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-2, while producing significantly high levels of IL-10 and significantly elevated levels of IL-4 (Th2 cytokines) after stimulation with rBsc-PYP-1 in vitro. |
| 9074 | 24099936 | The results showed that PFM at high and medium doses was able to overcome the CTX-induced immunosuppression, significantly increases the immune organ indexes, enhances lymphocyte proliferation and improves the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-6 in serum when compared with PF. |
| 9075 | 24101547 | Asymptomatic HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitopes from herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B preferentially recall polyfunctional CD8+ T cells from seropositive asymptomatic individuals and protect HLA transgenic mice against ocular herpes. |
| 9076 | 24101547 | In this study, we used multiple prediction algorithms to identify 10 potential HLA-A*02:01-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitopes from the HSV-1 gB amino acid sequence. |
| 9077 | 24101547 | In 10 sequentially studied HLA-A*02:01-positive, HSV-1-seropositive ASYMP individuals, the most frequent, robust, and polyfunctional CD8(+) T cell responses, as assessed by a combination of tetramer, IFN-γ-ELISPOT, CFSE proliferation, CD107a/b cytotoxic degranulation, and multiplex cytokine assays, were directed mainly against epitopes gB342-350 and gB561-569. |
| 9078 | 24101547 | In contrast, in 10 HLA-A*02:01-positive, HSV-1-seropositive symptomatic (SYMP) individuals (with a history of numerous episodes of recurrent clinical herpes disease) frequent, but less robust, CD8(+) T cell responses were directed mainly against nonoverlapping epitopes (gB183-191 and gB441-449). |
| 9079 | 24101547 | ASYMP individuals had a significantly higher proportion of HSV-gB-specific CD8(+) T cells expressing CD107a/b degranulation marker and producing effector cytokines IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α than did SYMP individuals. |
| 9080 | 24101547 | Moreover, immunization of a novel herpes-susceptible HLA-A*02:01 transgenic mouse model with ASYMP epitopes, but not with SYMP epitopes, induced strong CD8(+) T cell-dependent protective immunity against ocular herpes infection and disease. |
| 9081 | 24126533 | In contrast to the functional exhaustion of T cells observed after chronic infection, M. tuberculosis-specific CD8(+) T cells differentiated into either effector (CD127(lo) CD62L(lo)) or effector memory (CD127(hi) CD62L(lo)) cells, but not central memory cells (CD127(hi) CD62L(hi)), with low programmed death 1 (PD-1) expression, even in the presence of high levels of bacteria. |
| 9082 | 24126533 | Additionally, M. tuberculosis-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells produced substantial levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), but not interleukin 2 (IL-2), upon in vitro restimulation. |
| 9083 | 24126533 | Among M. tuberculosis-specific CD8(+) T cells, CD127(hi) effector memory cells displayed slower ongoing turnover but greater survival potential. |
| 9084 | 24126533 | However, the effector function of M. tuberculosis-specific CD8(+) CD127(hi) effector memory T cells was inferior to that of canonical CD8(+) CD127(hi) memory T cells generated after acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. |
| 9085 | 24136204 | Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine. |
| 9086 | 24136204 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. |
| 9087 | 24136204 | Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. |
| 9088 | 24136204 | Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. |
| 9089 | 24136204 | Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. |
| 9090 | 24136204 | The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. |
| 9091 | 24136204 | Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). |
| 9092 | 24136204 | Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine. |
| 9093 | 24136204 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. |
| 9094 | 24136204 | Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. |
| 9095 | 24136204 | Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. |
| 9096 | 24136204 | Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. |
| 9097 | 24136204 | The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. |
| 9098 | 24136204 | Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). |
| 9099 | 24136204 | Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine. |
| 9100 | 24136204 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. |
| 9101 | 24136204 | Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. |
| 9102 | 24136204 | Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. |
| 9103 | 24136204 | Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. |
| 9104 | 24136204 | The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. |
| 9105 | 24136204 | Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). |
| 9106 | 24136204 | Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine. |
| 9107 | 24136204 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. |
| 9108 | 24136204 | Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. |
| 9109 | 24136204 | Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. |
| 9110 | 24136204 | Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. |
| 9111 | 24136204 | The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. |
| 9112 | 24136204 | Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). |
| 9113 | 24136204 | Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine. |
| 9114 | 24136204 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. |
| 9115 | 24136204 | Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. |
| 9116 | 24136204 | Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. |
| 9117 | 24136204 | Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. |
| 9118 | 24136204 | The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. |
| 9119 | 24136204 | Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). |
| 9120 | 24136204 | Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine. |
| 9121 | 24136204 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. |
| 9122 | 24136204 | Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. |
| 9123 | 24136204 | Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. |
| 9124 | 24136204 | Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. |
| 9125 | 24136204 | The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. |
| 9126 | 24136204 | Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). |
| 9127 | 24138116 | Individual, yet overlapping, peptides 15 amino acids in length revealed residues of PsaA that consistently caused the highest interferon-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-5 and IL-17 responses and proliferation as well as moderate IL-10 and IL-4 responses by ex vivo re-stimulated splenic and CLN CD4⁺ T cells isolated from S. pneumoniae strain EF3030-challenged F1 (B6 × BALB/c) mice. |
| 9128 | 24139475 | Construction of novel cytokine by fusion of chicken IL-2 signal peptide to mature chicken IL-15 and comparison of the adjuvant effects by DNA immunization against Eimeria challenge. |
| 9129 | 24139475 | A novel fusion cytokine was constructed by replacing signal peptide (SP) of chicken IL-15 (ChIL-15) with SP of chicken IL-2 (ChIL-2). |
| 9130 | 24139475 | Construction of novel cytokine by fusion of chicken IL-2 signal peptide to mature chicken IL-15 and comparison of the adjuvant effects by DNA immunization against Eimeria challenge. |
| 9131 | 24139475 | A novel fusion cytokine was constructed by replacing signal peptide (SP) of chicken IL-15 (ChIL-15) with SP of chicken IL-2 (ChIL-2). |
| 9132 | 24140122 | We evaluated the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and TCRγδ T cells in response to stimulation with IL-7 or IL-2 after HSCT by analyzing blood samples taken monthly 1 to 6 months after HSCT. |
| 9133 | 24140122 | We identified a correlation between clinical outcome regarding CMV replication and the ability to respond to IL-7 and IL-2 defined by STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5). |
| 9134 | 24140122 | Patients with recurrent or prolonged CMV replications had significantly lower pSTAT5 upon stimulation of T cells with either IL-7 or IL-2 at time points 1 through 3 than those without CMV replication (P < .05). |
| 9135 | 24140122 | We evaluated the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and TCRγδ T cells in response to stimulation with IL-7 or IL-2 after HSCT by analyzing blood samples taken monthly 1 to 6 months after HSCT. |
| 9136 | 24140122 | We identified a correlation between clinical outcome regarding CMV replication and the ability to respond to IL-7 and IL-2 defined by STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5). |
| 9137 | 24140122 | Patients with recurrent or prolonged CMV replications had significantly lower pSTAT5 upon stimulation of T cells with either IL-7 or IL-2 at time points 1 through 3 than those without CMV replication (P < .05). |
| 9138 | 24140122 | We evaluated the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and TCRγδ T cells in response to stimulation with IL-7 or IL-2 after HSCT by analyzing blood samples taken monthly 1 to 6 months after HSCT. |
| 9139 | 24140122 | We identified a correlation between clinical outcome regarding CMV replication and the ability to respond to IL-7 and IL-2 defined by STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5). |
| 9140 | 24140122 | Patients with recurrent or prolonged CMV replications had significantly lower pSTAT5 upon stimulation of T cells with either IL-7 or IL-2 at time points 1 through 3 than those without CMV replication (P < .05). |
| 9141 | 24144472 | Safety, HIV-1-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses, absolute CD4(+) T-cell counts and HIV-1 viral load were monitored for 12 months post-vaccination. |
| 9142 | 24144472 | Vaccine-induced HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T-cells exhibited a polyfunctional phenotype, expressing at least CD40L and IL-2. |
| 9143 | 24144472 | In ART-naïve subjects, a transient reduction in viral load from baseline was observed 2 weeks after the second F4/AS01 dose, which was concurrent with a higher frequency of HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T-cells expressing at least IL-2 in this cohort. |
| 9144 | 24144472 | In conclusion, F4/AS01 showed a clinically acceptable reactogenicity and safety profile, and induced polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses in ART-experienced and ART-naïve subjects. |
| 9145 | 24144472 | Safety, HIV-1-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses, absolute CD4(+) T-cell counts and HIV-1 viral load were monitored for 12 months post-vaccination. |
| 9146 | 24144472 | Vaccine-induced HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T-cells exhibited a polyfunctional phenotype, expressing at least CD40L and IL-2. |
| 9147 | 24144472 | In ART-naïve subjects, a transient reduction in viral load from baseline was observed 2 weeks after the second F4/AS01 dose, which was concurrent with a higher frequency of HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T-cells expressing at least IL-2 in this cohort. |
| 9148 | 24144472 | In conclusion, F4/AS01 showed a clinically acceptable reactogenicity and safety profile, and induced polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses in ART-experienced and ART-naïve subjects. |
| 9149 | 24146869 | In C57BL/6 mice, stronger Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α) and IL-17 responses could be induced following subcutaneous vaccination with either of the two mutants, than following vaccination with M. bovis BCG. |
| 9150 | 24146869 | Significantly more mycobacteria specific IFN-γ producing CD4(+) and particularly CD8(+) T cells could be detected by intracellular cytokine staining in mice vaccinated with the M.tb mutants. |
| 9151 | 24155376 | The efficacy of oral, intestinal, nasal, and vaginal vaccinations with DNA simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/interleukin-2 (IL-2)/IL-15, SIV Gag/Pol/Env recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA), and AT-2 SIVmac239 inactivated particles was compared in rhesus macaques after low-dose vaginal challenge with SIVmac251. |
| 9152 | 24155376 | The levels of anti-SIV gamma interferon-positive, CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells at the time of first challenge inversely correlated with viremia and directly correlated with protection from infection and longer survival. |
| 9153 | 24176493 | Greater proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was observed in the rBCG-vaccinated groups compared to the control groups. |
| 9154 | 24176493 | The levels of Th1-type IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-12 were significantly increased following immunisation with the rBCG vaccines via the i.v. or oral route, which indicated that catalytic activity against T. gondii infection was generated in the mice. rBCGpMV361-TgCyP i.v. inoculation resulted in a higher protection efficiency, as demonstrated by the increased survival time and survival rate (17%) of BALB/c mice. |
| 9155 | 24183979 | The cellular immune response was elicited, showing significant production of IFN-γ and IL-2 associated with Th1 type response, and thus strong cell-mediated cytotoxic activity with increased frequencies of IFN-γ parameters analyzed in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell compartments (CD4(+) IFN-γ(+) T cells and CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) T cells). |
| 9156 | 24187487 | The antitumor mechanisms for GA-CTS/5-FU nanoparticle were possibly associated with an increased expression of regulatory T-cells, decreased expression of cytotoxic T-cell and natural killer cells, and reduced levels of interleukin-2 and interferon gamma. |
| 9157 | 24225642 | The Microtus strain 201 could induce elevated secretion of both Th1-associated cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α) and Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6), as well as chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8. |
| 9158 | 24235222 | Mycoplasma synoviae infection of embryos resulted in intensive upregulation of cytokine and chemokine genes, including interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-16, IL-18, MIP-1β (CCL4), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), XCL1, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor (LITAF), with different expression profiles in the 4 organs. |
| 9159 | 24235222 | Inoculation of lentogenic NDV significantly upregulated IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-16 genes in spleen and IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-16, IL-21, XCL1, and MIP-1β (CCL4) genes in the thymus, but to a lesser extent than M. synoviae. |
| 9160 | 24242760 | Interleukin (IL)-21 is a member of the γ chain-receptor cytokine family along with IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. |
| 9161 | 24242760 | The effects of IL-21 are pleiotropic, owing to the broad cellular distribution of the IL-21 receptor. |
| 9162 | 24242760 | IL-21 is secreted by activated CD4 T cells and natural killer T cells. |
| 9163 | 24242760 | Our research focus has been on the role of IL-21 and more recently of Tfh in immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. |
| 9164 | 24242760 | This review focuses on first the influence of IL-21 in regulation of T cell, B cell, and NK cell responses and its immunotherapeutic potential in viral infections and as a vaccine adjuvant. |
| 9165 | 24252699 | Protollin (Prl)-based adjuvants (containing TLR2 and TLR4 ligands) are well-suited for nasal administration. |
| 9166 | 24252699 | This response was characterized by: (1) ≥four-fold increase of IgG2a levels compared to IgG1; and (2) high IL-2 (644pg/mL)/IFN-γ (228pg/mL) and low IL-5 (31pg/mL) secretion in MuV-restimulated splenocytes from animals receiving MuV-Prl formulations. |
| 9167 | 24262997 | Delivered antigenic peptides, OT-1 or OT-2, to DCs successfully induced antigen-specific CD8(+) or CD4(+) T cell proliferations both in vitro and in vivo. |
| 9168 | 24262997 | Effective differentiation of proliferated OT-2 specific CD4(+) T cells into functional CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 cells was confirmed with the productions of IFN-γ/IL-2 and IL-10/IL-13 cytokines, respectively. |
| 9169 | 24278621 | The levels of IL-1 in the thymus and spleen; INF-γ in serum; IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 in the thymus; and IL-10 and IFN-γ in the spleen decreased after ZEA administration. |
| 9170 | 24278621 | Furthermore, the levels of IL-1β in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node, IL-1β in the thymus, IL-2 in the thymus and spleen, IL-6 in the thymus, IL-10 and IFN-γ in the spleen, and GM-CSF and TNF-α in the thymus decreased after vaccination in rats exposed to ZEA. |
| 9171 | 24278621 | The levels of IL-1 in the thymus and spleen; INF-γ in serum; IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 in the thymus; and IL-10 and IFN-γ in the spleen decreased after ZEA administration. |
| 9172 | 24278621 | Furthermore, the levels of IL-1β in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node, IL-1β in the thymus, IL-2 in the thymus and spleen, IL-6 in the thymus, IL-10 and IFN-γ in the spleen, and GM-CSF and TNF-α in the thymus decreased after vaccination in rats exposed to ZEA. |
| 9173 | 24291199 | By analyzing the differentiation state of IFN-γ-secreting CD8(+) T cells, we found a CCR7(-)CD45RA(-)CD28(+int)/CD28(-) profile (>85%) belonging to a subset of intermediate-differentiated effector T cells for HIV, FLU, and EBV. |
| 9174 | 24291199 | The percentage of single IFN-γ T cell producers in response to HIV was 62% of the total of secreting T cells compared with 35% for FLU and EBV, dual and triple (IFN-γ/IL-2/CD107a) T cell producers could also be detected but at lower levels (8% compared with 37%). |
| 9175 | 24295591 | Our previous studies have described dendritic cells (DCs) to be important sources of Th1 cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-2 in vitro, following stimulation with Cryptosporidium parvum antigens. |
| 9176 | 24295591 | Consistent with the in vivo engraftment study, DCs that are pulsed with live sporozoites in vitro and co-cultured with CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells produced higher IFN-γ levels. |
| 9177 | 24296812 | TNF-α(+) and IFN-γ(+) CD4(+) T cells expressed significantly higher levels of T-box transcription factors T-bet with graded loss of Eomesodermin (Eomes) expression (T-bet(Hi)Eomes(Hi/Lo)) when compared with TNF-α(+) CD4(+) T cells expressing lower levels of both T-bet and Eomes (T-bet(-)Eomes(-)). |
| 9178 | 24296812 | Furthermore, TNF-α(+) and IFN-γ(+) CD4(+) T cells expressed significantly higher levels of perforin and interleukin (IL)-2 and displayed a terminally differentiated phenotype (CCR7(-)CD27(-)CD45RA(-)CD57(+)CD62L(-)). |
| 9179 | 24296812 | In contrast, TNF-α(+) alone CMV-specific CD4(+) T cells were predominantly early-memory phenotype with a proportion of these cells displaying T memory stem-cell phenotype (CD95(+)CD45RA(+)CCR7(+)CD27(+)). |
| 9180 | 24296812 | In vitro stimulation of CMV-specific CD4(+) T cells with viral antigen in the presence of IL-12 was sufficient to dramatically change the transcriptional and functional profile of TNF-α(+) CD4(+) T cells, whereas TNF-α(+) and IFN-γ(+) CD4(+) T cells remained unaltered. |
| 9181 | 24312302 | Tracking of in vivo transduced DCs revealed that vectors encoding for Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) exhibited a higher capacity to induce DC maturation compared to vectors delivering IL-2 or IL-15. |
| 9182 | 24312302 | In contrast, IL-2- or IL-15-encoding vectors showed a substantially lower efficacy in CD8(+) T cell priming and failed to protect the host once tumors had been established. |
| 9183 | 24312302 | Tracking of in vivo transduced DCs revealed that vectors encoding for Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) exhibited a higher capacity to induce DC maturation compared to vectors delivering IL-2 or IL-15. |
| 9184 | 24312302 | In contrast, IL-2- or IL-15-encoding vectors showed a substantially lower efficacy in CD8(+) T cell priming and failed to protect the host once tumors had been established. |
| 9185 | 24319444 | NKp46/NCR1(+) CD3(-) cells constituted 2-11% of mononuclear cells in afferent lymph (AL), a majority of cells were CD16(+), CD8α(+), and CD2(-/low), and elevated CD25 and CD44 expression indicated an activated phenotype. |
| 9186 | 24319444 | A large proportion of lymph and blood NK cells produced interferon (IFN)-γ following stimulation with IL-2 and IL-12. |
| 9187 | 24325456 | The results showed that N-CMCh nanoparticle enhanced the secretion of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-12p70, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and antigen uptake in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. |
| 9188 | 24325456 | This activated antigen-specific Th1 cell responses, including IL-2 and interferon-gamma production and proliferation. |
| 9189 | 24337749 | KLRG1 impairs CD4+ T cell responses via p16ink4a and p27kip1 pathways: role in hepatitis B vaccine failure in individuals with hepatitis C virus infection. |
| 9190 | 24337749 | In this study, we investigated the expression and function of an inhibitory receptor, killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 (KLRG1), in the regulation of CD4(+) T cells and HBV vaccine responses during HCV infection. |
| 9191 | 24337749 | We demonstrated that KLRG1 was overexpressed on CD4(+) T cells from HCV-infected, HBV vaccine nonresponders compared with HBV vaccine responders. |
| 9192 | 24337749 | The capacity of CD4(+) T cells to proliferate and secrete IL-2 cytokine was inversely associated with the level of KLRG1 expression. |
| 9193 | 24337749 | Importantly, blocking KLRG1 signaling resulted in a significant improvement in CD4(+) T cell proliferation and IL-2 production in HCV-infected, HBV vaccine nonresponders in response to TCR stimulation. |
| 9194 | 24337749 | Moreover, blockade of KLRG1 increased the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser(473)) and decreased the expression of cell cycle inhibitors p16(ink4a) and p27(kip1), which subsequently enhanced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin E. |
| 9195 | 24337749 | These results suggest that the KLRG1 pathway impairs CD4(+) T cell responses to neoantigen and induces a state of immune senescence in individuals with HCV infection, raising the possibility that blocking this negative-signaling pathway might improve HBV vaccine responses in the setting of chronic viral infection. |
| 9196 | 24337749 | KLRG1 impairs CD4+ T cell responses via p16ink4a and p27kip1 pathways: role in hepatitis B vaccine failure in individuals with hepatitis C virus infection. |
| 9197 | 24337749 | In this study, we investigated the expression and function of an inhibitory receptor, killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 (KLRG1), in the regulation of CD4(+) T cells and HBV vaccine responses during HCV infection. |
| 9198 | 24337749 | We demonstrated that KLRG1 was overexpressed on CD4(+) T cells from HCV-infected, HBV vaccine nonresponders compared with HBV vaccine responders. |
| 9199 | 24337749 | The capacity of CD4(+) T cells to proliferate and secrete IL-2 cytokine was inversely associated with the level of KLRG1 expression. |
| 9200 | 24337749 | Importantly, blocking KLRG1 signaling resulted in a significant improvement in CD4(+) T cell proliferation and IL-2 production in HCV-infected, HBV vaccine nonresponders in response to TCR stimulation. |
| 9201 | 24337749 | Moreover, blockade of KLRG1 increased the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser(473)) and decreased the expression of cell cycle inhibitors p16(ink4a) and p27(kip1), which subsequently enhanced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin E. |
| 9202 | 24337749 | These results suggest that the KLRG1 pathway impairs CD4(+) T cell responses to neoantigen and induces a state of immune senescence in individuals with HCV infection, raising the possibility that blocking this negative-signaling pathway might improve HBV vaccine responses in the setting of chronic viral infection. |
| 9203 | 24350616 | The fusion protein vaccine enhanced activated and effector memory CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in the lungs and spleens of mice at 80 days post vaccination. |
| 9204 | 24350616 | Vaccination with the HMGB1-ESAT-6 fusion protein also resulted in elevated numbers of poly-functional CD4 T cells co-expressing interleukin-2, interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α. |
| 9205 | 24357081 | The titers of serum HA-specific antibodies were determined by ELISA, and the expression levels of the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by real-time PCR. |
| 9206 | 24357081 | The results showed that CD40 as a molecular adjuvant significantly enhanced the production of serum anti-HA antibodies and increased the levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-6, suggesting that co-immunization with CD40 upregulated the humoral immune responses to the DNA vaccine in BALB/c mice. |
| 9207 | 24361035 | Also, the level of the cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 was quantified during the experimental study. |
| 9208 | 24361035 | Moreover, early increases of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma besides late increase of IFN-gamma were observed. |
| 9209 | 24361035 | The analysis of biomarkers network pointed out two relevant strong axes during early stages of dengue fever, a protective axes TNF-alpha/Lymphocytes/Platelets, and a pathological IL-2/IL-6/Viremia/Monocyte/PT bond. |
| 9210 | 24361035 | Later on, the biomarker network highlighted the interaction IFN-gamma/PLT/DENV-3(IgM;HAI)/PT, and the involvement of type-2 cytokines (IL-4; IL-5). |
| 9211 | 24361035 | Also, the level of the cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 was quantified during the experimental study. |
| 9212 | 24361035 | Moreover, early increases of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma besides late increase of IFN-gamma were observed. |
| 9213 | 24361035 | The analysis of biomarkers network pointed out two relevant strong axes during early stages of dengue fever, a protective axes TNF-alpha/Lymphocytes/Platelets, and a pathological IL-2/IL-6/Viremia/Monocyte/PT bond. |
| 9214 | 24361035 | Later on, the biomarker network highlighted the interaction IFN-gamma/PLT/DENV-3(IgM;HAI)/PT, and the involvement of type-2 cytokines (IL-4; IL-5). |
| 9215 | 24386114 | The systemic immune response was associated with increased production of Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2), Th2 (IL-4) and Treg (IL-10) cytokines, indicating that not only Th1-type response was induced, but also Th2- and Treg-types responses were induced, and the splenocyte stimulation index (SI) was increased in the mice immunised with rTgACT. |
| 9216 | 24391824 | Combined stimulation of IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors augments the antitumor activity of E7 DNA vaccines by increasing Ag-specific CTL responses. |
| 9217 | 24391824 | IL-15 cDNA and anti-4-1BB Abs might augment antitumor activity against established tumors. |
| 9218 | 24391824 | IL-2 cDNA was slightly better than IL-15 cDNA as a pE7 adjuvant. |
| 9219 | 24391824 | Co-delivery of pE7+IL-2 cDNA increased tumor cure rates from 7% to 27%, whereas co-delivery of pE7+IL-2 cDNA with anti-4-1BB Abs increased tumor cure rates from 27% to 67% and elicited long-term memory responses. |
| 9220 | 24391824 | Moreover, the combined stimulation of IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors with rIL-2 and anti-4-1BB Abs resulted in enhanced production of IFN-γ from Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 9221 | 24391824 | However, this effect was abolished by treatment with anti-IL-2 Abs and 4-1BB-Fc, suggesting that the observed effect was IL-2- and anti-4-1BB Ab-specific. |
| 9222 | 24391824 | Thus, these studies demonstrate that combined stimulation through the IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors augments the Ag-specific CD8+ CTL responses induced by pE7, increasing tumor cure rates and long-term antitumor immune memory. |
| 9223 | 24391824 | Combined stimulation of IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors augments the antitumor activity of E7 DNA vaccines by increasing Ag-specific CTL responses. |
| 9224 | 24391824 | IL-15 cDNA and anti-4-1BB Abs might augment antitumor activity against established tumors. |
| 9225 | 24391824 | IL-2 cDNA was slightly better than IL-15 cDNA as a pE7 adjuvant. |
| 9226 | 24391824 | Co-delivery of pE7+IL-2 cDNA increased tumor cure rates from 7% to 27%, whereas co-delivery of pE7+IL-2 cDNA with anti-4-1BB Abs increased tumor cure rates from 27% to 67% and elicited long-term memory responses. |
| 9227 | 24391824 | Moreover, the combined stimulation of IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors with rIL-2 and anti-4-1BB Abs resulted in enhanced production of IFN-γ from Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 9228 | 24391824 | However, this effect was abolished by treatment with anti-IL-2 Abs and 4-1BB-Fc, suggesting that the observed effect was IL-2- and anti-4-1BB Ab-specific. |
| 9229 | 24391824 | Thus, these studies demonstrate that combined stimulation through the IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors augments the Ag-specific CD8+ CTL responses induced by pE7, increasing tumor cure rates and long-term antitumor immune memory. |
| 9230 | 24391824 | Combined stimulation of IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors augments the antitumor activity of E7 DNA vaccines by increasing Ag-specific CTL responses. |
| 9231 | 24391824 | IL-15 cDNA and anti-4-1BB Abs might augment antitumor activity against established tumors. |
| 9232 | 24391824 | IL-2 cDNA was slightly better than IL-15 cDNA as a pE7 adjuvant. |
| 9233 | 24391824 | Co-delivery of pE7+IL-2 cDNA increased tumor cure rates from 7% to 27%, whereas co-delivery of pE7+IL-2 cDNA with anti-4-1BB Abs increased tumor cure rates from 27% to 67% and elicited long-term memory responses. |
| 9234 | 24391824 | Moreover, the combined stimulation of IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors with rIL-2 and anti-4-1BB Abs resulted in enhanced production of IFN-γ from Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 9235 | 24391824 | However, this effect was abolished by treatment with anti-IL-2 Abs and 4-1BB-Fc, suggesting that the observed effect was IL-2- and anti-4-1BB Ab-specific. |
| 9236 | 24391824 | Thus, these studies demonstrate that combined stimulation through the IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors augments the Ag-specific CD8+ CTL responses induced by pE7, increasing tumor cure rates and long-term antitumor immune memory. |
| 9237 | 24391824 | Combined stimulation of IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors augments the antitumor activity of E7 DNA vaccines by increasing Ag-specific CTL responses. |
| 9238 | 24391824 | IL-15 cDNA and anti-4-1BB Abs might augment antitumor activity against established tumors. |
| 9239 | 24391824 | IL-2 cDNA was slightly better than IL-15 cDNA as a pE7 adjuvant. |
| 9240 | 24391824 | Co-delivery of pE7+IL-2 cDNA increased tumor cure rates from 7% to 27%, whereas co-delivery of pE7+IL-2 cDNA with anti-4-1BB Abs increased tumor cure rates from 27% to 67% and elicited long-term memory responses. |
| 9241 | 24391824 | Moreover, the combined stimulation of IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors with rIL-2 and anti-4-1BB Abs resulted in enhanced production of IFN-γ from Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 9242 | 24391824 | However, this effect was abolished by treatment with anti-IL-2 Abs and 4-1BB-Fc, suggesting that the observed effect was IL-2- and anti-4-1BB Ab-specific. |
| 9243 | 24391824 | Thus, these studies demonstrate that combined stimulation through the IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors augments the Ag-specific CD8+ CTL responses induced by pE7, increasing tumor cure rates and long-term antitumor immune memory. |
| 9244 | 24391824 | Combined stimulation of IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors augments the antitumor activity of E7 DNA vaccines by increasing Ag-specific CTL responses. |
| 9245 | 24391824 | IL-15 cDNA and anti-4-1BB Abs might augment antitumor activity against established tumors. |
| 9246 | 24391824 | IL-2 cDNA was slightly better than IL-15 cDNA as a pE7 adjuvant. |
| 9247 | 24391824 | Co-delivery of pE7+IL-2 cDNA increased tumor cure rates from 7% to 27%, whereas co-delivery of pE7+IL-2 cDNA with anti-4-1BB Abs increased tumor cure rates from 27% to 67% and elicited long-term memory responses. |
| 9248 | 24391824 | Moreover, the combined stimulation of IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors with rIL-2 and anti-4-1BB Abs resulted in enhanced production of IFN-γ from Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 9249 | 24391824 | However, this effect was abolished by treatment with anti-IL-2 Abs and 4-1BB-Fc, suggesting that the observed effect was IL-2- and anti-4-1BB Ab-specific. |
| 9250 | 24391824 | Thus, these studies demonstrate that combined stimulation through the IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors augments the Ag-specific CD8+ CTL responses induced by pE7, increasing tumor cure rates and long-term antitumor immune memory. |
| 9251 | 24391824 | Combined stimulation of IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors augments the antitumor activity of E7 DNA vaccines by increasing Ag-specific CTL responses. |
| 9252 | 24391824 | IL-15 cDNA and anti-4-1BB Abs might augment antitumor activity against established tumors. |
| 9253 | 24391824 | IL-2 cDNA was slightly better than IL-15 cDNA as a pE7 adjuvant. |
| 9254 | 24391824 | Co-delivery of pE7+IL-2 cDNA increased tumor cure rates from 7% to 27%, whereas co-delivery of pE7+IL-2 cDNA with anti-4-1BB Abs increased tumor cure rates from 27% to 67% and elicited long-term memory responses. |
| 9255 | 24391824 | Moreover, the combined stimulation of IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors with rIL-2 and anti-4-1BB Abs resulted in enhanced production of IFN-γ from Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 9256 | 24391824 | However, this effect was abolished by treatment with anti-IL-2 Abs and 4-1BB-Fc, suggesting that the observed effect was IL-2- and anti-4-1BB Ab-specific. |
| 9257 | 24391824 | Thus, these studies demonstrate that combined stimulation through the IL-2 and 4-1BB receptors augments the Ag-specific CD8+ CTL responses induced by pE7, increasing tumor cure rates and long-term antitumor immune memory. |
| 9258 | 24394635 | The knockdown of SOCS1 in BMDCs by PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NPs enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12 and IL-2) expression. |
| 9259 | 24394635 | Additionally, PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NP-treated BMDCs could elicit an immune response through cross-presentation in OVA-specific CD8 T cells that express IL-2 cytokine. |
| 9260 | 24394635 | The knockdown of SOCS1 in BMDCs by PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NPs enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12 and IL-2) expression. |
| 9261 | 24394635 | Additionally, PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NP-treated BMDCs could elicit an immune response through cross-presentation in OVA-specific CD8 T cells that express IL-2 cytokine. |
| 9262 | 24404140 | Addition of properly formulated TLR agonist-containing adjuvants to recombinant protein vaccines enhances the antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell response characterized by IFN-γ and TNF, both of which are critical for the control of TB. |
| 9263 | 24404140 | Addition of CpG containing DNA to ID93+GLA-SE enhanced the magnitude of the multi-functional TH1 response against ID93 characterized by co-production of IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-2. |
| 9264 | 24423464 | The result show that the vaccine can stimulate mice to produce specific IgG in serum and remarkable special s-IgA in lung lavage fluid, at the same time, the contents of cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ of the experimental group were significant higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01), however, the contents of cytokines IL-4 was not different to the all groups. |
| 9265 | 24440303 | After two immunizations, the mice vaccinated with antigen plus mixed CpG/poly (I:C) adjuvant exhibited significantly stronger IFN-gamma responses and generated high-level CD4(+) cell responses for the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ and CD8(+) T cell responses for the cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ compared to the mice vaccinated with the corresponding antigen plus CpG or poly(I:C) alone. |
| 9266 | 24453241 | Vaccine-induced T cells produced IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. |
| 9267 | 24478103 | In this study, we found that macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells recruited to Coccidioides posadasii-infected lungs of nonvaccinated and vaccinated mice contributed to the production of IL-10. |
| 9268 | 24478103 | The major IL-10-producing leukocytes were CD8(+) T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in lungs of nonvaccinated mice, while both Foxp3(+) and Foxp3(-) subsets of IL-10(+) CD4(+) T cells were significantly elevated in vaccinated mice. |
| 9269 | 24478103 | Profiles of the recruited leukocytes in lungs revealed that only CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased in IL-10(-/-) knockout mice compared to their wild-type counterparts. |
| 9270 | 24478103 | Furthermore, ex vivo recall assays showed that CD4(+) T cells isolated from vaccinated IL-10(-/-) mice compared to vaccinated wild-type mice produced significantly higher amounts of IL-2, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17A in the presence of a coccidioidal antigen, indicating that IL-10 suppresses Th1, Th2, and Th17 immunity to Coccidioides infection. |
| 9271 | 24478103 | Analysis of absolute numbers of CD44(+) CD62L(-) CD4(+) T effector memory T cells (TEM) and IFN-γ- and IL-17A-producing CD4(+) T cells in the lungs of Coccidioides-infected mice correlated with better fungal clearance in nonvaccinated IL-10(-/-) mice than in nonvaccinated wild-type mice. |
| 9272 | 24478103 | Our results suggest that IL-10 suppresses CD4(+) T-cell immunity in nonvaccinated mice during Coccidioides infection but does not impede the development of a memory response nor exacerbate immunopathology of vaccinated mice over at least a 4-month period after the last immunization. |
| 9273 | 24481607 | Out of five male infants with T-B+NK- SCID phenotype, mutation analysis revealed interleukin-2 (common) gamma-chain receptor (IL2RG) mutations in 3 with positive X-linked family history, and Janus-kinase (JAK)-3 gene defects in the other two. |
| 9274 | 24481607 | Six patients had T-B-NK+ SCID phenotype and further 6 features of OS, 11 of which had recombinase-activating gene (RAG1or RAG2) and 1 Artemis gene mutations. |
| 9275 | 24493438 | Several observations are remarkable: the high efficacy of local cytokines to induce an antitumor response in the absence of systemic toxicity; a surprisingly large number of cytokines possess antitumor activity in this assay (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, TNF, LT, IFN-γ, MCAF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IP-10); and in several models, cytokine-producing tumors were heavily infiltrated by T-lymphocytes that contributed to tumor destruction (for review see ref. 1). |
| 9276 | 24493438 | Currently, three cytokine gene therapy variations with IL-2, IL-4, TNF, IFN-γ, or GM-CSF genes are tested: transfected autologous tumor cells; transfected allogeneic tumor cells; and transfected autologous fibroblasts mixed with tumor cells as vaccine. |
| 9277 | 24493438 | Several observations are remarkable: the high efficacy of local cytokines to induce an antitumor response in the absence of systemic toxicity; a surprisingly large number of cytokines possess antitumor activity in this assay (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, TNF, LT, IFN-γ, MCAF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IP-10); and in several models, cytokine-producing tumors were heavily infiltrated by T-lymphocytes that contributed to tumor destruction (for review see ref. 1). |
| 9278 | 24493438 | Currently, three cytokine gene therapy variations with IL-2, IL-4, TNF, IFN-γ, or GM-CSF genes are tested: transfected autologous tumor cells; transfected allogeneic tumor cells; and transfected autologous fibroblasts mixed with tumor cells as vaccine. |
| 9279 | 24498941 | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot was applied to determine the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 secreted by splenic lymphocytes. |
| 9280 | 24498941 | The stimulation index of spleen lymphocytes and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 of pcDNA-Rv1733c-immunized mice were both higher than those of saline-immunized mice (P < 0.05). |
| 9281 | 24498941 | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot was applied to determine the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 secreted by splenic lymphocytes. |
| 9282 | 24498941 | The stimulation index of spleen lymphocytes and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 of pcDNA-Rv1733c-immunized mice were both higher than those of saline-immunized mice (P < 0.05). |
| 9283 | 24505407 | The induction of a balanced Th1 and Th17 response, together with expression of effector cytokines, such as IFNG, IL2, IL17, IL21 and IL22, could be used as correlates of a protective host response. |
| 9284 | 24516564 | Prevention of intestinal allergy in mice by rflaA:Ova is associated with enforced antigen processing and TLR5-dependent IL-10 secretion by mDC. |
| 9285 | 24516564 | Using TLR5(-/-) mDC the rflaA:Ova induced IL-10 secretion was shown to be TLR5 dependent. |
| 9286 | 24516564 | In co-cultures of IL-10(-/-) mDC with DO11.10 T cells the lack of rflaA:Ova-mediated IL-10 secretion resulted in enhanced levels of both TH2 (IL-4, IL-5) and TH1 (IL-2 and IFN-y) cytokines. |
| 9287 | 24535711 | In this study, we characterized a population of human differentiated effector CD4(+) T cells that is defined by low levels of the interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7 receptors (CD25(-)CD127(-)). |
| 9288 | 24535711 | Notably, these CD25(-)CD127(-)CD4 T cells expressed effector markers such as CD244 and CD11b with low levels of CD27, contrasting with the memory phenotype dominating this population in healthy individuals. |
| 9289 | 24535711 | These cells did not cycle in patients, nor did they secrete IL-10 or IL-17, but instead displayed cytotoxic features. |
| 9290 | 24535711 | During neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer, we found that the increase in CD25(-)CD127(-) CD4(+) T cells correlated with tumor regression. |
| 9291 | 24565030 | The immunological and clinical effects of mutated ras peptide vaccine in combination with IL-2, GM-CSF, or both in patients with solid tumors. |
| 9292 | 24568545 | Importantly, a single dose of Ad-H, with or without the addition of Ad expressing ovine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and/or ovine interleukin-2, not only induced strong antibody and cell-mediated immunity but also completely protected goats against challenge with virulent PPRV, 4 months after vaccination. |
| 9293 | 24574499 | In chronic infection, dominant epitope-specific T cells developed a terminal differentiated KLRG1(+)/PD-1(lo) surface phenotype that was significantly reduced in the cryptic epitope-specific T cell populations. |
| 9294 | 24574499 | In contrast, cryptic epitope-specific CD4 T cells maintained significantly greater IFN-γ(+)TNF-α(+)IL-2(+) and TNF-α(+)IL-2(+) memory-associated polyfunctionality and enhanced proliferative capacity. |
| 9295 | 24574499 | Vaccine-associated IL-17A production by cryptic CD4 T cells was also enhanced, but without increased neutrophilia/pathology. |
| 9296 | 24588000 | When tested in cattle, MbΔp27-p55 did not induce IL-2 expression and induced a very low production of IFNγ, suggesting that the lack of P27/P55 reduces the capacity of M. bovis of triggering an adequate Th1 response. |
| 9297 | 24598447 | Fusion protein of mutant B7-DC and Fc enhances the antitumor immune effect of GM-CSF-secreting whole-cell vaccine. |
| 9298 | 24598447 | In addition to its coinhibitory receptor, programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), evidence suggests that B7-DC interacts with an unidentified costimulatory receptor on T cells. |
| 9299 | 24598447 | B7-DC mutants with selective binding capacity for the costimulatory receptor may be effective in stimulating antitumor immune responses, while avoiding the inhibitory effects of PD-1. |
| 9300 | 24598447 | In this study, we concomitantly administered a GM-CSF-secreting whole-cell vaccine together with a fusion protein of mutant B7-DC and Fc portion (mB7-DC-Fc), which binds selectively to the costimulatory receptor. |
| 9301 | 24598447 | In addition, mB7-DC-Fc increased IFN-γ and IL-2 production and decreased IL-4 and IL-10 production in vitro, indicating that mB7-DC-Fc tips the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1 dominance, which is more favorable for antitumor immunity. |
| 9302 | 24598447 | Furthermore, mB7-DC-Fc decreased the PD-1(+) proportion of CD8(+) T cells in vitro and tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells in vivo, suggesting that mB7-DC-Fc may maintain tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells in a nonexhausted state. |
| 9303 | 24598721 | As expected, the RNA vaccine was clearly more effective than the protein vaccines in inducing a cellular immune response, as evaluated by the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and synthesis of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin 2 (IL2). |
| 9304 | 24602605 | Immunization of mice with encapsulated M278 elicited higher M278-specific T-cell cytokines [Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2), Th17 (IL-17)] and antibodies [Th1 (IgG2a), Th2 (IgG1, IgG2b)] compared to bare M278. |
| 9305 | 24602605 | Encapsulated-M278 mouse serum inhibited Chlamydia infectivity of macrophages, with a concomitant transcriptional down-regulation of MOMP, its cognate TLR2 and CD80 co-stimulatory molecule. |
| 9306 | 24619696 | Here we describe in detail the construction of a recombinant variant of FPV expressing the prostate tumor-associated antigen prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in conjunction with the immunostimulatory cytokine, interleukin-2 (IL-2), which, if undertaken under the appropriate regulatory conditions and with approvals in place, would theoretically be amenable to clinical trial applications. |
| 9307 | 24629003 | Mice immunized with BCG and then boosted with two intranasal immunizations with TB-RICs developed antigen-specific serum IgG antibody responses with mean end-point titres of 1 : 8100 (Acr) and 1 : 24 300 (Ag85B) and their splenocytes responded to in vitro stimulation by producing interferon gamma. 25% of CD4+ proliferating cells simultaneously produced IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α, a phenotype that has been linked with protective immune responses in TB. |
| 9308 | 24631092 | Our results show that an optimum dose of adenovirus vector (2×10(7)pfu/mouse) administered intramuscularly (i.m.) induces high T cell proliferation, granzyme B-expressing CD8(+) T cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-6, and antibody responses that can significantly reduce the Vac-HCV viral load in the ovaries of female C57BL/6 mice. |
| 9309 | 24648930 | Immune responses were measured after immunization by anti-HBsAg, proliferation of splenocytes, the number of CD4+ and CD8+ molecules, CTL cytotoxicity, cytokines of IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion assays. |
| 9310 | 24648930 | Furthermore, pVAX1-L-GM plasmid increased the number of CD4+ and CD8+ molecules on the surface of the spleen T cell and the level of IFN-γ, IL-2 secretion. pVAX1-L-GM induced a specific immune response in mice and enhanced the immune effect. |
| 9311 | 24648930 | Immune responses were measured after immunization by anti-HBsAg, proliferation of splenocytes, the number of CD4+ and CD8+ molecules, CTL cytotoxicity, cytokines of IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion assays. |
| 9312 | 24648930 | Furthermore, pVAX1-L-GM plasmid increased the number of CD4+ and CD8+ molecules on the surface of the spleen T cell and the level of IFN-γ, IL-2 secretion. pVAX1-L-GM induced a specific immune response in mice and enhanced the immune effect. |
| 9313 | 24648995 | In this study, we evaluated a TLR9 ligand (CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826, CpG) as an adjuvant for a partially protective DNA vaccine encoding a 26-kDa glutathione S-transferase of Schistosoma japonicum (pVAX1-Sj26GST). |
| 9314 | 24648995 | Vaccination with pVAX1-Sj26GST in combination with CpG inhibited Treg immunosuppressive function, upregulated the production of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-2 and IL-6, and decreased CD4+CD8+Foxp3+ expression in vitro, which may contribute to the escape from Treg-mediated suppression during vaccination, allowing expansion of antigen-specific T cells against pathogens. |
| 9315 | 24662797 | Increased levels of Th1 cytokines - IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α are correlated with longer survival time without recurrence, whereas high levels of Th2 cytokines such as IL-10, predict unsuccessful BCG therapy. |
| 9316 | 24682172 | We have selected aptamers that specifically bind the murine receptor, DEC205, a C-type lectin expressed predominantly on the surface of CD8α(+) dendritic cells (DCs) that has been shown to be efficient at facilitating antigen crosspresentation and subsequent CD8(+) T cell activation. |
| 9317 | 24682172 | Using a minimized aptamer conjugated to the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA), DEC205-targeted antigen crosspresentation was verified in vitro and in vivo by proliferation and cytokine production by primary murine CD8(+) T cells expressing a T cell receptor specific for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I-restricted OVA257-264 peptide SIINFEKL. |
| 9318 | 24682172 | Compared with a nonspecific ribonucleic acid (RNA) of similar length, DEC205 aptamer-OVA-mediated antigen delivery stimulated strong proliferation and production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2. |
| 9319 | 24687086 | To enhance vaccine efficacy, interleukin (IL)-2 was directed to predominantly memory phenotype CD8(+) T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells via administration bound to anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody clone S4B6 (IL-2S4B6). |
| 9320 | 24687086 | Notably, this dual regimen elicited large increases in both donor CD8(+) T and NK cells, but not CD4(+) T lymphocytes; the former 2 populations are essential for both vaccine efficacy and protection against opportunistic infections after HSCT. |
| 9321 | 24690681 | We report that ex-vivo exposure of quiescent or TCR-activated primary human T cells to thimerosal induced a dose-dependent apoptotic cell death associated with depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, generation of reactive oxygen species, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and caspase-3 activation. |
| 9322 | 24690681 | Moreover, exposure to non-toxic concentrations of thimerosal induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase of TCR-activated T cells, and inhibition of the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN gamma, IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, IL-2, as well as the chemokine MCP1. |
| 9323 | 24690990 | Immunization with a peptide containing MHC class I and II epitopes derived from the tumor antigen SIM2 induces an effective CD4 and CD8 T-cell response. |
| 9324 | 24690990 | Here, we sought to determine whether peptide vaccines designed harbor both class I as well as class II restricted antigenic motifs could concurrently induce CD4 and CD8 T cell activation against autologous tumor antigens. |
| 9325 | 24690990 | Immunization with a multi-epitope peptide harboring both MHC-I and MHC-II restricted epitopes induced an IFN-γ response in CD8 T cells to the HLA-A*0201-restricted SIM2(237-245) epitope, and an IL-2 response by CD4 T cells to the SIM2(240-254) epitope. |
| 9326 | 24690990 | Collectively, the data presented in this study suggest that a single peptide containing multiple SIM2 epitopes can be used to induce both a CD4 and CD8 T cell response, providing a peptide-based vaccine formulation for potential use in immunotherapy of various cancers. |
| 9327 | 24699863 | DCs were prepared from the mononuclear cells isolated from patients using IL-2/GM-CSF and loaded with tumor antigens; CIK cells were prepared by incubating peripheral blood lymphocytes with IL-2, IFN-γ, and CD3 antibodies. |
| 9328 | 24706270 | Concerning this point, the recent studies suggest the concept of immune exhaustion of CD8 T cells, characterized by their decreased production of IL-2, TNFα, and IFNγ even after antigen stimulation. |
| 9329 | 24706270 | The identification of immune effector and/or exhausted CD8 T cells by monitoring multiple parameters including T cell exhaustion markers such as PD-1 and Tim-3 and intracellular cytokines is, therefore, crucial to understand the real-time, ongoing immune status. |
| 9330 | 24706270 | By stimulation of PBMCs with PMA/ionomycin for 6 h, more than 1-2 % of total CD8 T cells are identified as positive in terms of multifunctionality, thus producing multiple cytokines--IL-2, TNFα, and IFNγ--at single-cell level in case of all healthy donors. |
| 9331 | 24706270 | Concerning this point, the recent studies suggest the concept of immune exhaustion of CD8 T cells, characterized by their decreased production of IL-2, TNFα, and IFNγ even after antigen stimulation. |
| 9332 | 24706270 | The identification of immune effector and/or exhausted CD8 T cells by monitoring multiple parameters including T cell exhaustion markers such as PD-1 and Tim-3 and intracellular cytokines is, therefore, crucial to understand the real-time, ongoing immune status. |
| 9333 | 24706270 | By stimulation of PBMCs with PMA/ionomycin for 6 h, more than 1-2 % of total CD8 T cells are identified as positive in terms of multifunctionality, thus producing multiple cytokines--IL-2, TNFα, and IFNγ--at single-cell level in case of all healthy donors. |
| 9334 | 24718267 | Mice with HSV-IL-2- and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced demyelinating diseases demonstrated a similar pattern and distribution of demyelination in their brain, spinal cord (SC) and optic nerves (ONs). |
| 9335 | 24718267 | In contrast, no demyelination was detected in the ONs of myelin basic protein (MBP)- and proteolipid protein (PLP)-injected mice. |
| 9336 | 24718267 | Interferon-β (IFN-β) injections significantly reduced demyelination in brains of all groups, in the SCs of the MOG and MBP groups, and completely blocked it in the SCs of the PLP and HSV-IL-2 groups as well as in ONs of MOG and HSV-IL-2 groups. |
| 9337 | 24718267 | In contrast to IFN-β treatment, IL-12p70 protected the HSV-IL-2 group from demyelination, whereas IL-4 was not effective at all in preventing demyelination. |
| 9338 | 24718267 | Collectively, the results indicate that the HSV-IL-2 model and the MOG model complement each other and, together, provide unique insights into the heterogeneity of human MS. |
| 9339 | 24718267 | Mice with HSV-IL-2- and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced demyelinating diseases demonstrated a similar pattern and distribution of demyelination in their brain, spinal cord (SC) and optic nerves (ONs). |
| 9340 | 24718267 | In contrast, no demyelination was detected in the ONs of myelin basic protein (MBP)- and proteolipid protein (PLP)-injected mice. |
| 9341 | 24718267 | Interferon-β (IFN-β) injections significantly reduced demyelination in brains of all groups, in the SCs of the MOG and MBP groups, and completely blocked it in the SCs of the PLP and HSV-IL-2 groups as well as in ONs of MOG and HSV-IL-2 groups. |
| 9342 | 24718267 | In contrast to IFN-β treatment, IL-12p70 protected the HSV-IL-2 group from demyelination, whereas IL-4 was not effective at all in preventing demyelination. |
| 9343 | 24718267 | Collectively, the results indicate that the HSV-IL-2 model and the MOG model complement each other and, together, provide unique insights into the heterogeneity of human MS. |
| 9344 | 24718267 | Mice with HSV-IL-2- and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced demyelinating diseases demonstrated a similar pattern and distribution of demyelination in their brain, spinal cord (SC) and optic nerves (ONs). |
| 9345 | 24718267 | In contrast, no demyelination was detected in the ONs of myelin basic protein (MBP)- and proteolipid protein (PLP)-injected mice. |
| 9346 | 24718267 | Interferon-β (IFN-β) injections significantly reduced demyelination in brains of all groups, in the SCs of the MOG and MBP groups, and completely blocked it in the SCs of the PLP and HSV-IL-2 groups as well as in ONs of MOG and HSV-IL-2 groups. |
| 9347 | 24718267 | In contrast to IFN-β treatment, IL-12p70 protected the HSV-IL-2 group from demyelination, whereas IL-4 was not effective at all in preventing demyelination. |
| 9348 | 24718267 | Collectively, the results indicate that the HSV-IL-2 model and the MOG model complement each other and, together, provide unique insights into the heterogeneity of human MS. |
| 9349 | 24718267 | Mice with HSV-IL-2- and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced demyelinating diseases demonstrated a similar pattern and distribution of demyelination in their brain, spinal cord (SC) and optic nerves (ONs). |
| 9350 | 24718267 | In contrast, no demyelination was detected in the ONs of myelin basic protein (MBP)- and proteolipid protein (PLP)-injected mice. |
| 9351 | 24718267 | Interferon-β (IFN-β) injections significantly reduced demyelination in brains of all groups, in the SCs of the MOG and MBP groups, and completely blocked it in the SCs of the PLP and HSV-IL-2 groups as well as in ONs of MOG and HSV-IL-2 groups. |
| 9352 | 24718267 | In contrast to IFN-β treatment, IL-12p70 protected the HSV-IL-2 group from demyelination, whereas IL-4 was not effective at all in preventing demyelination. |
| 9353 | 24718267 | Collectively, the results indicate that the HSV-IL-2 model and the MOG model complement each other and, together, provide unique insights into the heterogeneity of human MS. |
| 9354 | 24729069 | Compared to the pVAX1 control group, the PAR DNA vaccination group showed the higher levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgE, IgM, stronger lymphocyte proliferation in mouse spleen, and larger production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ in the supernatant of cultures from splenocytes. |
| 9355 | 24731807 | Furthermore, HAC1 induced a local T-cell response demonstrated by elevated IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in PCLS of c-di-GMP-vaccinated mice upon re-stimulation. |
| 9356 | 24738054 | A recombinant mutant HPV16 E7 (rE7m) protein was mixed with lipo-Nter to immunize the mice; the anti-E7 antibody titers were increased, and the T helper cells were skewed toward the Th1 fate (increased IL-2 and decreased IL-5 secretion). |
| 9357 | 24740005 | Cytokine ELISA measurements performed using in vitro PBMC culture supernatants demonstrated significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 in the H. pylori-infected subjects, whereas IL-17A expression was not related to the subjects H. pylori-infection status. |
| 9358 | 24755922 | We found that our strategy is significantly more potent than multiple TALE activators alone in activating expression of IL-2 and GM-CSF in diverse cell origins in which both genes are otherwise completely silenced. |
| 9359 | 24787274 | The samples were extensively characterized for the ability of T cell subsets to respond to recall viral antigens including cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, influenza virus, and HIV-1 using Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) enzyme linked immunospot (ELISpot) and IFN-γ/interleukin 2 (IL-2) intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assays. |
| 9360 | 24788814 | Cytokine diversity in the Th1-dominated human anti-influenza response caused by variable cytokine expression by Th1 cells, and a minor population of uncommitted IL-2+IFNγ- Thpp cells. |
| 9361 | 24788814 | To test for short-term variability, in vitro-stimulated influenza-specific human memory CD4+ T cells were sorted according to IL-2 and IFNγ expression, cultured briefly in vitro, and cytokine patterns measured after restimulation. |
| 9362 | 24788814 | Both cell types yielded IFNγ-secreting cells in Th1 conditions, but only IL-2+IFNγ- cells were able to differentiate into IL-4-producing cells. |
| 9363 | 24788814 | Cytokine diversity in the Th1-dominated human anti-influenza response caused by variable cytokine expression by Th1 cells, and a minor population of uncommitted IL-2+IFNγ- Thpp cells. |
| 9364 | 24788814 | To test for short-term variability, in vitro-stimulated influenza-specific human memory CD4+ T cells were sorted according to IL-2 and IFNγ expression, cultured briefly in vitro, and cytokine patterns measured after restimulation. |
| 9365 | 24788814 | Both cell types yielded IFNγ-secreting cells in Th1 conditions, but only IL-2+IFNγ- cells were able to differentiate into IL-4-producing cells. |
| 9366 | 24788814 | Cytokine diversity in the Th1-dominated human anti-influenza response caused by variable cytokine expression by Th1 cells, and a minor population of uncommitted IL-2+IFNγ- Thpp cells. |
| 9367 | 24788814 | To test for short-term variability, in vitro-stimulated influenza-specific human memory CD4+ T cells were sorted according to IL-2 and IFNγ expression, cultured briefly in vitro, and cytokine patterns measured after restimulation. |
| 9368 | 24788814 | Both cell types yielded IFNγ-secreting cells in Th1 conditions, but only IL-2+IFNγ- cells were able to differentiate into IL-4-producing cells. |
| 9369 | 24789782 | The data obtained with overlapping peptides in interleukin-2 (IL-2) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assays were analyzed in relation to the three-dimensional structures of the capsid (C) and E proteins as well as to epitope predictions based on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II peptide affinities. |
| 9370 | 24789795 | The levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-12(p70) and the percentages of CD3(+) CD4(+) and CD3(+) CD8(+) cells in mice vaccinated with pVAX-CDPK5 were significantly increased. |
| 9371 | 24789795 | However, IL-4 and IL-10 were not produced in the vaccinated mice. |
| 9372 | 24801479 | Each panel includes a de-identified commercial Luminex assay kit with standards to quantify human IFNγ, TNFα, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-2, and a series of recombinant cytokine-spiked human serum samples. |
| 9373 | 24813415 | The mice immunised with rTgRACK1 also displayed increased levels of rTgRACK1-specific IgA, total IgG, IgG1 and in particular IgG2a in their blood sera, increased production of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 but not IL-10 from their isolated spleen cells, and enhanced splenocyte proliferation in vitro. rTgRACK1-vaccinated mice were effectively protected against infection with T. gondii RH strain, showing over 50% reduction of tachyzoite burdens in their liver and brain tissues during a chronic infection, and also a 45% increase in their survivals during a lethal challenge. |
| 9374 | 24815404 | The results indicated that PPSB significantly enhanced specific antibody titers IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, and concentration of IL-2 and IL-4 in sera of mice immunized with pD-HSP90C (p<0.05). |
| 9375 | 24860188 | Differential impact of CD27 and 4-1BB costimulation on effector and memory CD8 T cell generation following peptide immunization. |
| 9376 | 24860188 | In this study, we analyzed the CD8 T cell response elicited by two experimental vaccines comprising a peptide/protein Ag and an agonist that delivers a costimulatory signal via CD27 or 4-1BB. |
| 9377 | 24860188 | CD27 agonists promoted increased expression of perforin and the generation of short-lived memory cells, whereas stimulation with 4-1BB agonists favored generation of stable memory. |
| 9378 | 24860188 | The memory-promoting effects of 4-1BB were independent of CD4 T cells and were the result of programing within the first 2 d of priming. |
| 9379 | 24860188 | Consistent with this conclusion, CD27 and 4-1BB-stimulated CD8 T cells expressed disparate amounts of IL-2, IFN-γ, CD25, CD71, and Gp49b as early as 3 d after in vivo activation. |
| 9380 | 24860188 | In addition, memory CD8 T cells, generated through priming with CD27 agonists, proliferated more extensively than did 4-1BB-generated memory cells, but these cells failed to persist. |
| 9381 | 24875318 | On days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after the first vaccination, the lymphocyte proliferation, serum antibody titer and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured. |
| 9382 | 24877765 | CAF09 was superior in its ability to induce antigen-specific CD8+ T cells as compared to other previously described CTL-inducing adjuvants, CAF05 (DDA/trehalose dibehenate (TDB)/Poly(I:C)), Aluminium/monophosphoryl lipid-A (MPL) and Montanide/CpG/IL-2. |
| 9383 | 24877765 | The CD4+ T cells induced by CAF09 were mainly of an effector-memory-like phenotype and the CD8+ T cells were highly cytotoxic. |
| 9384 | 24878070 | The populations of CD4, CD8, and TCR γδ T-cells in immunized chickens were significantly greater than in the controls. |
| 9385 | 24878070 | Increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with SE specific antigen. |
| 9386 | 24878070 | After virulent SE challenge, the immune system of immunized chickens was rapidly stimulated, as indicated by significantly increased population of CD4 and CD8 T-cells. |
| 9387 | 24882496 | Pigs inoculated with pVAX1-EU-ORF3-ORF5 developed significantly higher (P<0.05) PRRSV-specific antibody responses, neutralizing antibodies and levels of IL-4 and IL-10 than those given pVAX1-EU-ORF3, pVAX1-EU-ORF5 or pVAX1. |
| 9388 | 24882496 | Moreover, pigs immunized with pVAX1-EU-ORF3-ORF5 had markedly increased levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 in serum and T-lymphocytes (CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells) in peripheral blood. |
| 9389 | 24898077 | However, IL-18 protein lacks a typical signal sequence and requires cleavage into its mature active form by caspase 1. |
| 9390 | 24898077 | In this study, we constructed mammalian expression vectors carrying cDNA encoding mature canine IL-18 (cIL-18) or mouse IL-18 (mIL-18) fused to the human IL-2 (hIL-2) signal sequence. |
| 9391 | 24898077 | Using reverse genetics, we also generated a recombinant canine distemper virus that expresses cIL-18 or mIL-18 fused to the hIL-2 signal sequence. |
| 9392 | 24898077 | These results indicate that the signal sequence from hIL-2 is suitable for the secretion of mature IL-18. |
| 9393 | 24898077 | However, IL-18 protein lacks a typical signal sequence and requires cleavage into its mature active form by caspase 1. |
| 9394 | 24898077 | In this study, we constructed mammalian expression vectors carrying cDNA encoding mature canine IL-18 (cIL-18) or mouse IL-18 (mIL-18) fused to the human IL-2 (hIL-2) signal sequence. |
| 9395 | 24898077 | Using reverse genetics, we also generated a recombinant canine distemper virus that expresses cIL-18 or mIL-18 fused to the hIL-2 signal sequence. |
| 9396 | 24898077 | These results indicate that the signal sequence from hIL-2 is suitable for the secretion of mature IL-18. |
| 9397 | 24898077 | However, IL-18 protein lacks a typical signal sequence and requires cleavage into its mature active form by caspase 1. |
| 9398 | 24898077 | In this study, we constructed mammalian expression vectors carrying cDNA encoding mature canine IL-18 (cIL-18) or mouse IL-18 (mIL-18) fused to the human IL-2 (hIL-2) signal sequence. |
| 9399 | 24898077 | Using reverse genetics, we also generated a recombinant canine distemper virus that expresses cIL-18 or mIL-18 fused to the hIL-2 signal sequence. |
| 9400 | 24898077 | These results indicate that the signal sequence from hIL-2 is suitable for the secretion of mature IL-18. |
| 9401 | 24901123 | Our study found that the vaccine could promote the proliferation of antigen-specific T cells, enhance the killing activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL), promote Th1-type cells mediated secretion of cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 while inhibiting Th2-type cells mediated secretion of IL-4, and inhibit the secretion of TGF-beta. |
| 9402 | 24905579 | A better understanding of the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which are both important to TB protection, is essential to unravel the mechanisms of protection and to identify the key antigens seen by these T cells. |
| 9403 | 24905579 | An Rv2034-specific CD4+ T-cell clone expressed the Th1 markers T-bet, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and the cytotoxicity related markers granzyme B and CD107a as measured by flow cytometry. |
| 9404 | 24908433 | The peripheral blood T lymphocyte proliferation, serum IgG antibody response, and levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were detected, respectively. |
| 9405 | 24912383 | We explored the changes in the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and the concentration of acute inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-8, IL-12 and IFN-γ in Bama miniature pigs subjected to 21 consecutive days of heat stress, both in vitro and in vivo models. |
| 9406 | 24912383 | The results showed that heat stress induced the upregulation of cortisol in the plasma of pigs (P<0.05); TLR4 mRNA was elevated, but IL-2 was reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, P<0.05). |
| 9407 | 24912383 | In the in vitro model (PBMC heat shocked for 1 h followed by a 9 h recovery period), TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression also increased, as did the concentration of IL-12 in supernatants. |
| 9408 | 24912383 | We concluded that a consecutive heat stress period elevated the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in PBMC and increased the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. |
| 9409 | 24912383 | We explored the changes in the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and the concentration of acute inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-8, IL-12 and IFN-γ in Bama miniature pigs subjected to 21 consecutive days of heat stress, both in vitro and in vivo models. |
| 9410 | 24912383 | The results showed that heat stress induced the upregulation of cortisol in the plasma of pigs (P<0.05); TLR4 mRNA was elevated, but IL-2 was reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, P<0.05). |
| 9411 | 24912383 | In the in vitro model (PBMC heat shocked for 1 h followed by a 9 h recovery period), TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression also increased, as did the concentration of IL-12 in supernatants. |
| 9412 | 24912383 | We concluded that a consecutive heat stress period elevated the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in PBMC and increased the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. |
| 9413 | 24926294 | In addition, the vaccine induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α, and targeting the DENV-2 NS1, NS3, and NS5 proteins. |
| 9414 | 24926294 | Moreover, vaccine-specific T cells were cross-reactive with the non-structural NS3 and NS5 proteins of DENV-4. |
| 9415 | 24931647 | Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G titers and the secretions of both Th1-type (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2-type (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines were higher in ducklings that had been vaccinated with LMS. |
| 9416 | 24945624 | Relative to BCG-GFP, BCG-TB1860 effected a significant near total reduction both in secretion of cytokines IL-2, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, and up regulation of co-stimulatory molecules MHC-II, CD40, CD54, CD80 and CD86 by infected bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC), while leaving secreted levels of TGF-β unchanged. |
| 9417 | 24945624 | Splenocytes from mice infected with BCG-SSI showed significantly less proliferation and secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17, but secreted higher levels of IL-10 in response to in vitro restimulation with BCG-TB1860 compared to BCG-GFP. |
| 9418 | 24945624 | Spleens from mice infected with BCG-TB1860 also harboured significantly fewer DC expressing MHC-II, IL-12, IL-2 and TNF-α compared to mice infected with BCG-GFP. |
| 9419 | 24945624 | Relative to BCG-GFP, BCG-TB1860 effected a significant near total reduction both in secretion of cytokines IL-2, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, and up regulation of co-stimulatory molecules MHC-II, CD40, CD54, CD80 and CD86 by infected bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC), while leaving secreted levels of TGF-β unchanged. |
| 9420 | 24945624 | Splenocytes from mice infected with BCG-SSI showed significantly less proliferation and secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17, but secreted higher levels of IL-10 in response to in vitro restimulation with BCG-TB1860 compared to BCG-GFP. |
| 9421 | 24945624 | Spleens from mice infected with BCG-TB1860 also harboured significantly fewer DC expressing MHC-II, IL-12, IL-2 and TNF-α compared to mice infected with BCG-GFP. |
| 9422 | 24945624 | Relative to BCG-GFP, BCG-TB1860 effected a significant near total reduction both in secretion of cytokines IL-2, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, and up regulation of co-stimulatory molecules MHC-II, CD40, CD54, CD80 and CD86 by infected bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC), while leaving secreted levels of TGF-β unchanged. |
| 9423 | 24945624 | Splenocytes from mice infected with BCG-SSI showed significantly less proliferation and secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17, but secreted higher levels of IL-10 in response to in vitro restimulation with BCG-TB1860 compared to BCG-GFP. |
| 9424 | 24945624 | Spleens from mice infected with BCG-TB1860 also harboured significantly fewer DC expressing MHC-II, IL-12, IL-2 and TNF-α compared to mice infected with BCG-GFP. |
| 9425 | 24950351 | Proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-9 were significantly induced in mice boosted with SopB5-GVNPs, consistent with a robust Th1 response. |
| 9426 | 24962751 | The results demonstrated that rTs-Hsp70 activated DC maturation that was characterized by the secretion of IL-1β, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the increased surface expression of CD11c, MHC II, CD40, CD80, and CD86. |
| 9427 | 24962751 | The rTs-Hsp70-activated DCs enabled the stimulation, proliferation and secretion of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., INF-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6) in CD4(+) T cells from T. spiralis-infected mice. |
| 9428 | 24962751 | This partial protection was correlated with Th1 and Th2 mixed anti-Ts-Hsp70-specific immune responses that included high titers of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and increased levels of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6). |
| 9429 | 24962751 | The results demonstrated that rTs-Hsp70 activated DC maturation that was characterized by the secretion of IL-1β, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the increased surface expression of CD11c, MHC II, CD40, CD80, and CD86. |
| 9430 | 24962751 | The rTs-Hsp70-activated DCs enabled the stimulation, proliferation and secretion of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., INF-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6) in CD4(+) T cells from T. spiralis-infected mice. |
| 9431 | 24962751 | This partial protection was correlated with Th1 and Th2 mixed anti-Ts-Hsp70-specific immune responses that included high titers of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and increased levels of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6). |
| 9432 | 24965530 | Enhanced protective efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis afforded by BCG prime-DNA boost regimen in an early challenge mouse model is associated with increased splenic interleukin-2-producing CD4 T-cell frequency post-vaccination. |
| 9433 | 24965530 | Further analysis of immunogenicity showed that the superior protection afforded by the B/D regimen was associated with significantly increased frequency of splenic interleukin-2 (IL-2) -producing CD4 T cells and increased IL-2 production when measured as integrated mean fluorescence intensity post-vaccination as well. |
| 9434 | 24965530 | These data suggest that measurement of elevated frequency of IL-2-producing CD4 T cells or IL-2 production in the spleens of vaccinated mice can predict vaccine efficacy, at least in the B/D strategy, and add to the accumulating body of evidence suggesting that BCG prime-boost strategies may be a useful approach to the control of M. tuberculosis infection. |
| 9435 | 24965530 | Enhanced protective efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis afforded by BCG prime-DNA boost regimen in an early challenge mouse model is associated with increased splenic interleukin-2-producing CD4 T-cell frequency post-vaccination. |
| 9436 | 24965530 | Further analysis of immunogenicity showed that the superior protection afforded by the B/D regimen was associated with significantly increased frequency of splenic interleukin-2 (IL-2) -producing CD4 T cells and increased IL-2 production when measured as integrated mean fluorescence intensity post-vaccination as well. |
| 9437 | 24965530 | These data suggest that measurement of elevated frequency of IL-2-producing CD4 T cells or IL-2 production in the spleens of vaccinated mice can predict vaccine efficacy, at least in the B/D strategy, and add to the accumulating body of evidence suggesting that BCG prime-boost strategies may be a useful approach to the control of M. tuberculosis infection. |
| 9438 | 24965530 | Enhanced protective efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis afforded by BCG prime-DNA boost regimen in an early challenge mouse model is associated with increased splenic interleukin-2-producing CD4 T-cell frequency post-vaccination. |
| 9439 | 24965530 | Further analysis of immunogenicity showed that the superior protection afforded by the B/D regimen was associated with significantly increased frequency of splenic interleukin-2 (IL-2) -producing CD4 T cells and increased IL-2 production when measured as integrated mean fluorescence intensity post-vaccination as well. |
| 9440 | 24965530 | These data suggest that measurement of elevated frequency of IL-2-producing CD4 T cells or IL-2 production in the spleens of vaccinated mice can predict vaccine efficacy, at least in the B/D strategy, and add to the accumulating body of evidence suggesting that BCG prime-boost strategies may be a useful approach to the control of M. tuberculosis infection. |
| 9441 | 24966857 | The multiparameter flow cytometry analysis was used to assess the immune response after immunotherapy and disclosed that the degree of the immunotherapeutic effect is predicted by the frequencies of the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells producing IL-2 or TNF-α or both. |
| 9442 | 24966857 | Collectively, our multifunctional analysis disclosed that immunotherapeutic protection improved as the CD4 responses progressed from 1+ to 2+, in the case of the F1 and F3 vaccines, and as the CD8 responses changed qualitatively from 1+ to 3+, mainly in the case of the F1 vaccine, providing new correlates of immunotherapeutic protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice based on T-helper TH1 and CD8(+) mediated immune responses. |
| 9443 | 24967273 | The circulating interleukin-(IL-)10 and interferon-(IFN-) γ concentrations were significantly higher in the vitamin D sufficient athletes. |
| 9444 | 24967273 | Furthermore, the production of tumour necrosis factor-(TNF-) α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-10 by whole blood culture was significantly inhibited by 1, 25(OH)2D3 concentrations of 1000 pmol/L or 10000 pmol/L. |
| 9445 | 24972567 | Mice were co-immunized with pCCL20 developed higher levels of core specific IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio and IL-2 release, IFN-γ producing cells, lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic Grenzyme B release in both draining lymph nodes and spleen cells of immunized mice. |
| 9446 | 24973616 | In an aggressive B16-F10 murine melanoma model, we evaluated the effectiveness and antitumor mechanisms triggered by a surgery adjuvant treatment that combined a local suicide gene therapy (SG) with a subcutaneous genetic vaccine (Vx) composed of B16-F10 cell extracts and lipoplexes carrying the genes of human interleukin-2 and murine granulocyte and macrophage colony stimulating factor. |
| 9447 | 24980867 | The results demonstrated that Ad5-CEAB elicited a strong antigen-specific immune response, particularly of the Th1 immune responses that were characterized by an increased ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 and secretions of Th1 type cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-12. |
| 9448 | 24989432 | We previously reported that altered peptide ligands (APLs) of type II collagen (CII256-271) suppress the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). |
| 9449 | 24989432 | These effects were mediated by the induction of IL-10 from CD4(+ ) CD25(-) T cells against CII antigen in splenocytes and inguinal lymph nodes (iLNs), and treatment of APL had no effect on the production of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-2 or Foxp3(+) Treg cells. |
| 9450 | 24992314 | The frequencies of IFNγ+IL2+TNFα+ PPD-specific CD4+CD45RO+ T-cells correlate with the magnitude of the QuantiFERON® gold in-tube response in a prospective study of healthy indian adolescents. |
| 9451 | 24995010 | A dominant effector memory T (TEM) phenotype was observed in gastric LPMC CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in all age groups. |
| 9452 | 24995010 | We then evaluated whether these cells represented a population of gastric tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells by assessing expression of CD103 and CD69. |
| 9453 | 24995010 | The vast majority of gastric LPMC CD8(+) T cells either co-expressed CD103/CD69 (>70%) or expressed CD103 alone (~20%). |
| 9454 | 24995010 | Gastric LPMC CD4(+) T cells also either co-expressed CD103/CD69 (>35%) or expressed at least one of these markers. |
| 9455 | 24995010 | Thus, gastric LPMC CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells had the characteristics of TRM cells. |
| 9456 | 24995010 | Gastric CD8(+) and CD4(+) TRM cells produced multiple cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-17A, MIP-1β) and up-regulated CD107a upon stimulation. |
| 9457 | 24995010 | Furthermore, gastric CD8(+) TRM and CD4(+) TRM cells demonstrated differences in the frequency, susceptibility to activation, and cytokine/multi-cytokine production profiles among the age groups. |
| 9458 | 25000334 | The data showed that the antibody titers against OmpA, the concentration of IL-2, CD4 +, and CD8 +, T lymphocyte proliferation rate in Group II were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the other groups, little difference in SIgA content was observed among groups I to VI. |
| 9459 | 25015830 | IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 is a key in vivo signal for CD8+ short-lived effector T cell differentiation. |
| 9460 | 25015830 | However, it has been shown that cytokines such as IL-2 induce Blimp-1 expression in vitro. |
| 9461 | 25015830 | In this study, we took advantage of the low-inflammation model of dendritic cell immunization to study the role of the IL-2/Blimp-1 axis in SLEC differentiation as well as the importance of Blimp-1 expression in memory precursor effector cells for proper CD8(+) memory generation. |
| 9462 | 25015830 | In addition, modulation of the bioavailability of IL-2 by injection either of a blocking Ab or of the cytokine, demonstrates a link between IL-2, Blimp-1 induction, and SLEC formation in wild-type cells. |
| 9463 | 25015830 | Conversely, injection of IL-2 had less effect on Blimp-1-deficient CD8(+) T cells, indicating that the effect of IL-2 on in vivo SLEC differentiation is mediated by Blimp-1. |
| 9464 | 25015830 | In conclusion, IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 expression is a key regulator of SLEC differentiation in vivo. |
| 9465 | 25015830 | IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 is a key in vivo signal for CD8+ short-lived effector T cell differentiation. |
| 9466 | 25015830 | However, it has been shown that cytokines such as IL-2 induce Blimp-1 expression in vitro. |
| 9467 | 25015830 | In this study, we took advantage of the low-inflammation model of dendritic cell immunization to study the role of the IL-2/Blimp-1 axis in SLEC differentiation as well as the importance of Blimp-1 expression in memory precursor effector cells for proper CD8(+) memory generation. |
| 9468 | 25015830 | In addition, modulation of the bioavailability of IL-2 by injection either of a blocking Ab or of the cytokine, demonstrates a link between IL-2, Blimp-1 induction, and SLEC formation in wild-type cells. |
| 9469 | 25015830 | Conversely, injection of IL-2 had less effect on Blimp-1-deficient CD8(+) T cells, indicating that the effect of IL-2 on in vivo SLEC differentiation is mediated by Blimp-1. |
| 9470 | 25015830 | In conclusion, IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 expression is a key regulator of SLEC differentiation in vivo. |
| 9471 | 25015830 | IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 is a key in vivo signal for CD8+ short-lived effector T cell differentiation. |
| 9472 | 25015830 | However, it has been shown that cytokines such as IL-2 induce Blimp-1 expression in vitro. |
| 9473 | 25015830 | In this study, we took advantage of the low-inflammation model of dendritic cell immunization to study the role of the IL-2/Blimp-1 axis in SLEC differentiation as well as the importance of Blimp-1 expression in memory precursor effector cells for proper CD8(+) memory generation. |
| 9474 | 25015830 | In addition, modulation of the bioavailability of IL-2 by injection either of a blocking Ab or of the cytokine, demonstrates a link between IL-2, Blimp-1 induction, and SLEC formation in wild-type cells. |
| 9475 | 25015830 | Conversely, injection of IL-2 had less effect on Blimp-1-deficient CD8(+) T cells, indicating that the effect of IL-2 on in vivo SLEC differentiation is mediated by Blimp-1. |
| 9476 | 25015830 | In conclusion, IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 expression is a key regulator of SLEC differentiation in vivo. |
| 9477 | 25015830 | IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 is a key in vivo signal for CD8+ short-lived effector T cell differentiation. |
| 9478 | 25015830 | However, it has been shown that cytokines such as IL-2 induce Blimp-1 expression in vitro. |
| 9479 | 25015830 | In this study, we took advantage of the low-inflammation model of dendritic cell immunization to study the role of the IL-2/Blimp-1 axis in SLEC differentiation as well as the importance of Blimp-1 expression in memory precursor effector cells for proper CD8(+) memory generation. |
| 9480 | 25015830 | In addition, modulation of the bioavailability of IL-2 by injection either of a blocking Ab or of the cytokine, demonstrates a link between IL-2, Blimp-1 induction, and SLEC formation in wild-type cells. |
| 9481 | 25015830 | Conversely, injection of IL-2 had less effect on Blimp-1-deficient CD8(+) T cells, indicating that the effect of IL-2 on in vivo SLEC differentiation is mediated by Blimp-1. |
| 9482 | 25015830 | In conclusion, IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 expression is a key regulator of SLEC differentiation in vivo. |
| 9483 | 25015830 | IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 is a key in vivo signal for CD8+ short-lived effector T cell differentiation. |
| 9484 | 25015830 | However, it has been shown that cytokines such as IL-2 induce Blimp-1 expression in vitro. |
| 9485 | 25015830 | In this study, we took advantage of the low-inflammation model of dendritic cell immunization to study the role of the IL-2/Blimp-1 axis in SLEC differentiation as well as the importance of Blimp-1 expression in memory precursor effector cells for proper CD8(+) memory generation. |
| 9486 | 25015830 | In addition, modulation of the bioavailability of IL-2 by injection either of a blocking Ab or of the cytokine, demonstrates a link between IL-2, Blimp-1 induction, and SLEC formation in wild-type cells. |
| 9487 | 25015830 | Conversely, injection of IL-2 had less effect on Blimp-1-deficient CD8(+) T cells, indicating that the effect of IL-2 on in vivo SLEC differentiation is mediated by Blimp-1. |
| 9488 | 25015830 | In conclusion, IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 expression is a key regulator of SLEC differentiation in vivo. |
| 9489 | 25015830 | IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 is a key in vivo signal for CD8+ short-lived effector T cell differentiation. |
| 9490 | 25015830 | However, it has been shown that cytokines such as IL-2 induce Blimp-1 expression in vitro. |
| 9491 | 25015830 | In this study, we took advantage of the low-inflammation model of dendritic cell immunization to study the role of the IL-2/Blimp-1 axis in SLEC differentiation as well as the importance of Blimp-1 expression in memory precursor effector cells for proper CD8(+) memory generation. |
| 9492 | 25015830 | In addition, modulation of the bioavailability of IL-2 by injection either of a blocking Ab or of the cytokine, demonstrates a link between IL-2, Blimp-1 induction, and SLEC formation in wild-type cells. |
| 9493 | 25015830 | Conversely, injection of IL-2 had less effect on Blimp-1-deficient CD8(+) T cells, indicating that the effect of IL-2 on in vivo SLEC differentiation is mediated by Blimp-1. |
| 9494 | 25015830 | In conclusion, IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 expression is a key regulator of SLEC differentiation in vivo. |
| 9495 | 25023330 | Following vaccination with the IL-2 expressing construct, these mice were able to raise a delayed but substantial CD8(+) T-cell response, and to control melanoma growth nearly as efficaciously as similarly vaccinated WT mice. |
| 9496 | 25024382 | Development of a vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis may require immunization strategies that induce a high frequency of Ag-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in the lung. |
| 9497 | 25024382 | In contrast, aerosolized AERAS-402 alone or following BCG induced potent and stable Ag85A/b-specific CD4 and CD8 effector T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage that largely produced IFN-γ, as well as TNF and IL-2. |
| 9498 | 25035957 | Nucleoprotein (NP)-specific CD8(+) T cells encountered antigen on CD40-licensed, CD70-expressing, CD103(-)CD11b(hi) dendritic cells (DCs) at later times in the primary response. |
| 9499 | 25035957 | As a consequence, they maintained CD25 expression and responded to interleukin-2 (IL-2) and CD27, which together programmed their robust secondary proliferative capacity and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing ability. |
| 9500 | 25035957 | In contrast, polymerase (PA)-specific CD8(+) T cells did not encounter antigen-bearing, CD40-activated DCs at later times in the primary response, did not receive CD27 and CD25 signals, and were not programmed to become memory CD8(+) T cells with strong proliferative and cytokine-producing ability. |
| 9501 | 25042008 | Vaccination increased: (i) the breadth of the immune response from 1 (1-3) to 4 (2-5) peptide-pool responses/patient (p = 0.009); (ii) the frequency of functional T cells (producing at least two cytokines among IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) from 0.026 to 0.32% (p = 0.002) and from 0.26 to 0.35% (p = 0.005) for CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, respectively; and (iii) the breadth of cytokines secreted by PBMCs upon antigen exposure, including IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-21, IL-17, and IL-13. |
| 9502 | 25042008 | An inverse correlation was found between the maximum of VL and the frequency of polyfunctional CD4(+) T cells (p = 0.007), production of IL-2 (p = 0.006), IFN-γ (p = 0.01), IL-21 (p = 0.006), and IL-13 (p = 0.001). |
| 9503 | 25042008 | Vaccination increased: (i) the breadth of the immune response from 1 (1-3) to 4 (2-5) peptide-pool responses/patient (p = 0.009); (ii) the frequency of functional T cells (producing at least two cytokines among IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) from 0.026 to 0.32% (p = 0.002) and from 0.26 to 0.35% (p = 0.005) for CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, respectively; and (iii) the breadth of cytokines secreted by PBMCs upon antigen exposure, including IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-21, IL-17, and IL-13. |
| 9504 | 25042008 | An inverse correlation was found between the maximum of VL and the frequency of polyfunctional CD4(+) T cells (p = 0.007), production of IL-2 (p = 0.006), IFN-γ (p = 0.01), IL-21 (p = 0.006), and IL-13 (p = 0.001). |
| 9505 | 25052754 | Cytokines IL-2, IL-8 and TNF-α appear to be essential for effective BCG therapy and nonrecurrence, while IL-10 may have an inhibitory effect on BCG responses. |
| 9506 | 25052754 | IL-2, IL-8, TRAIL and TNF-α are potentially predictive of response to BCG. |
| 9507 | 25052754 | Cytokines IL-2, IL-8 and TNF-α appear to be essential for effective BCG therapy and nonrecurrence, while IL-10 may have an inhibitory effect on BCG responses. |
| 9508 | 25052754 | IL-2, IL-8, TRAIL and TNF-α are potentially predictive of response to BCG. |
| 9509 | 25101086 | We here report optimal γδT cell expansion (>10(7) cells/ml blood) when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy individuals and melanoma patients were stimulated with zoledronate and then cultured for 14 days in the presence of IL-2 and IL-15, yielding γδT cell cultures of variable purity (77 ± 21 and 56 ± 26%, respectively). |
| 9510 | 25102355 | Up to this time, they produced higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-17A and IL-10 and higher specific antibody response than control non-vaccinated mice. |
| 9511 | 25131774 | IL-10 and IL-12 were upregulated in group V-/C+E+, IL-10 also in group V+/C+E+ (SD 40) while IL-2 expression remained unaltered. |
| 9512 | 25141829 | Treatment with IL-17A/IL-17F or IL-22 expanded phosphoantigen 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP)-stimulated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from BCG-vaccinated macaques but not from naïve animals, and IL-23 induced greater expansion than the other Th17-related cytokines. |
| 9513 | 25141829 | Consistently, Mtb infection of macaques also enhanced the ability of IL-17/IL-22 or IL-23 to expand HMBPP-stimulated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. |
| 9514 | 25141829 | When evaluating IL-23 signaling as a prototype, we found that HMBPP/IL-23-expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from macaques infected with Mtb or vaccinated with BCG or Listeria ΔactA prfA*-ESAT6/Ag85B produced IL-17, IL-22, IL-2, and IFN-γ. |
| 9515 | 25141829 | Furthermore, HMBPP/IL-23-induced proliferation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells appeared to require APC contact and involve the conventional and novel protein kinase C signaling pathways. |
| 9516 | 25149304 | The most utilized Elispot assay is the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) test, a marker for CD8(+) CTL activation, but Elispot can also be used to distinguish different subsets of activated T cells by using other cytokines such as T-helper (Th) 1-type cells (characterized by the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-21, and TNF-α), Th2 (producing cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13), and Th17 (IL-17) cells. |
| 9517 | 25150134 | Depletion of NKp46-expressing cells revealed that 80% of the killing induced by IL-2 could be attributed to NKp46(+) cells. |
| 9518 | 25151041 | We have established that the efficacy of a heterologous poxvirus vectored HIV vaccine, fowlpox virus (FPV)-HIV gag/pol prime followed by attenuated vaccinia virus (VV)-HIV gag/pol booster immunisation, is strongly influenced by the cytokine milieu at the priming vaccination site, with endogenous IL-13 detrimental to the quality of the HIV specific CD8+ T cell response induced. |
| 9519 | 25151041 | In our vaccine system, the mutant IL-4C118 can bind to IL-4 type I and II receptors with high affinity, and transiently prevent the signalling of both IL-4 and IL-13 at the vaccination site. |
| 9520 | 25151041 | When this IL-4C118 adjuvanted vaccine was used in an intranasal rFPV/intramuscular rVV prime-boost immunisation strategy, greatly enhanced mucosal/systemic HIV specific CD8+ T cells with higher functional avidity, expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 and greater protective efficacy were detected. |
| 9521 | 25151041 | More interestingly, our recently tested IL-13Rα2 adjuvanted vaccine which only inhibited IL-13 activity, even though induced excellent high avidity HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, had a detrimental impact on the induction of gag-specific IgG2a antibody immunity. |
| 9522 | 25151041 | Our observations suggest that (i) IL-4 cell-signalling in the absence of IL-13 retarded gag-specific antibody isotype class switching, or (ii) IL-13Rα2 signalling was involved in inducing good gag-specific B cell immunity. |
| 9523 | 25152895 | The results showed that rBCG strains overexpressing Ag856A2 at differential levels induced different antigen-specific IFN-γ production and comparable number of M. tb-specific CD4 T cells expressing IL-2. |
| 9524 | 25153350 | Our previous study demonstrated that the extracellular domain of murine BTLA (the soluble form of BTLA) can facilitate HSP70 vaccine-triggered antitumor immunity by blocking BTLA-HVEM interactions in a murine TC-1 non-metastatic tumor model. |
| 9525 | 25153350 | Furthermore, the Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ were up-regulated, while the negative regulatory molecules IL-10 and TGF-β were down-regulated. |
| 9526 | 25173481 | In mice, the AS03- and AS25-adjuvanted i.m. vaccines generated a mixed Th1-Th2 response at 6 and 19 weeks after the last immunization as shown by the production of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies as well as the production of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 9527 | 25174880 | Here, we compared phenotype and functional characteristics of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) generated in the presence of IL-4/GM-CSF (IL4-DCs) and IFNα/GM-CSF (IFN-DCs). |
| 9528 | 25174880 | We showed that IFN-DCs displayed semi-mature phenotype and expressed higher level of CD123, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and B7-H1 molecules in comparison with IL4-DCs. |
| 9529 | 25174880 | LPS-stimulated IFN-DCs were characterized by greater production of Th1/pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17), Тh2/anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-5), hematopoietic growth factors (G-CSF) and chemokines (MCP-1). |
| 9530 | 25174880 | LPS-stimulated IFN-DCs possessed higher direct cytotoxic activity against TRAIL-sensitive tumor cell line Jurkat and similar cytotoxicity against TRAIL-resistant tumor HEp-2 cells. |
| 9531 | 25174880 | Besides, IFN-DCs and IL4-DCs equally induced apoptosis of activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 9532 | 25185668 | Moreover, cytokine assays indicated that vaccination of Ad-SjIAP significantly increased the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-2 as compared to the corresponding control group. |
| 9533 | 25197078 | Further investigation demonstrated that Ad5-specific CD4 T cells selectively display a proinflammatory Th17-like phenotype and express macrophage inflammatory protein 3α and α4β7 integrin, suggestive of gut mucosa homing potential of these cells. |
| 9534 | 25197078 | Analysis of HIV p24 and cytokine coexpression using flow cytometry revealed preferential infection of IL-17- and IL-2-producing, Ad5-specific CD4 T cells by HIV in vitro. |
| 9535 | 25206904 | In the AdCpG(Aβ3-10)10 group, levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 were increased, while those of IL-2 and interferon-γ were decreased. |
| 9536 | 25206904 | In the Aβ42 group, levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-2 and interferon-γ were all increased. |
| 9537 | 25206904 | In the AdCpG(Aβ3-10)10 group, levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 were increased, while those of IL-2 and interferon-γ were decreased. |
| 9538 | 25206904 | In the Aβ42 group, levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-2 and interferon-γ were all increased. |
| 9539 | 25217614 | IFN-γ, IL-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide were strongly induced by SH infection, and may be associated with the pathogenicity of the SH strain. |
| 9540 | 25217614 | IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-stimulated transmembrane protein 1, IFN-stimulated gene 12, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like and IL-6 were moderately induced by SH infection at 24 h p.i., and dramatically induced by FC64 infection at 36 h p.i. |
| 9541 | 25225461 | We show that the functional impairment of CD4 T cells, including the reduced capacity to proliferate and to produce IFN-γ and IL-2, was restricted to bacteria-specific and not virus-specific CD4 T cells. |
| 9542 | 25225461 | Of note, endotoxemia was associated with significantly higher expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) on CD4 T cells. |
| 9543 | 25225461 | The blockade of the PD-1-PD-L1/2 axis in vitro restored CD4 T cell proliferation capacity, thus indicating that PD-1 signaling negatively regulates CD4 T cell functions. |
| 9544 | 25225461 | Finally, we showed that intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) treatment significantly reduced endotoxemia and the percentage of PD-1(+) CD4 T cells, and restored bacteria-specific CD4 T cell cytokine production and proliferation. |
| 9545 | 25240755 | PLA-p24 captured by MDDCs from HIV-1 individuals induced a slight degree of MDDC maturation, cytokine and chemokine secretion and migration towards a gradient of CCL19 chemokine and highly increased HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell proliferation compared with p24 alone. |
| 9546 | 25240755 | After complete maturation induction of PLA-p24-pulsed MDDCs, maximal migration towards a gradient of CCL19 chemokine and induction of HIV-specific T-cell proliferation (two-fold higher for CD4(+) than CD8(+)) and cytokine secretion (IFN-γ and IL-2) in the co-culture were observed. |
| 9547 | 25240755 | MDDCs infected with MVA-gag and MVA-gag trans-membrane were able to induce HIV-specific CD8(+) proliferation and secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α. |
| 9548 | 25240755 | PLA-p24 captured by MDDCs from HIV-1 individuals induced a slight degree of MDDC maturation, cytokine and chemokine secretion and migration towards a gradient of CCL19 chemokine and highly increased HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell proliferation compared with p24 alone. |
| 9549 | 25240755 | After complete maturation induction of PLA-p24-pulsed MDDCs, maximal migration towards a gradient of CCL19 chemokine and induction of HIV-specific T-cell proliferation (two-fold higher for CD4(+) than CD8(+)) and cytokine secretion (IFN-γ and IL-2) in the co-culture were observed. |
| 9550 | 25240755 | MDDCs infected with MVA-gag and MVA-gag trans-membrane were able to induce HIV-specific CD8(+) proliferation and secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α. |
| 9551 | 25250027 | TLR2 Signaling is Required for the Innate, but Not Adaptive Response to LVS clpB. |
| 9552 | 25250027 | We sought to determine whether TLR2 signaling was required during the immune response to LVS clpB. |
| 9553 | 25250027 | TLR2 knock-out (TLR2 KO) mice previously infected with LVS clpB are completely protected during a lethal challenge with LVS. |
| 9554 | 25250027 | Furthermore, the kinetics and magnitude of the primary T-cell response in B6 and TLR2 KO mice are similar indicating that TLR2 signaling is dispensable for the adaptive immune response to LVS clpB. |
| 9555 | 25250027 | TLR2 signaling was important, however, for the innate immune response to LVS clpB. |
| 9556 | 25250027 | IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-17, MIP-1α, and TNF-α production depended on TLR2 signaling, while GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and VEGF production were completely independent of TLR2 signaling. |
| 9557 | 25250027 | IL-6, IL-12, IP-10, KC, and MIG production were partially dependent on TLR2 signaling. |
| 9558 | 25250027 | Together our data indicate that the innate immune response to LVS clpB requires TLR2 signaling for the maximal innate response, whereas TLR2 is not required for the adaptive immune response. |
| 9559 | 25253666 | One month after booster vaccination (age 16 to 19 months), our study revealed significant increase in gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production in response to the PT and FIM antigens, a significant increase in IL-2 production with the PT, FHA, and PRN antigens, and a lack of significant interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion with any of the antigens. |
| 9560 | 25255141 | In this study, RH strain T. gondii rhoptry protein 17 was expressed in bacteria as a fusion with glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the recombinant proteins (rTgROP17) were purified via GST-affinity chromatography. |
| 9561 | 25255141 | The systemic immune response was associated with increased production of Th1 (IFN-γand IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines, and enhanced lymphoproliferation (stimulation index, SI) in the mice immunised with rTgROP17. |
| 9562 | 25267176 | The expression levels of granzyme K and CD8 in DNA-vaccinated chickens were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in unvaccinated chickens upon IBDV challenge at 0.5 or 1 dpc. |
| 9563 | 25267176 | Bursal transcripts related to innate immunity and inflammation, including TLR3, MDA5, IFN-α, IFN-β, IRF-1, IRF-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, iNOS, granzyme A, granzyme K and IL-10, were upregulated or significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated at 3 dpc and later in unvaccinated chickens challenged with IBDV. |
| 9564 | 25267176 | The expression levels of genes related to immune cell regulation, apoptosis and glucose transport, including CD4, CD8, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-12(p40), IL-18, GM-CSF, GATA-3, p53, glucose transporter-2 and glucose transporter-3, were upregulated or significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated at 3 dpc and later in unvaccinated chickens challenged with IBDV. |
| 9565 | 25267176 | Taken together, the results indicate that the bursal transcriptome involved in innate immunity, inflammation, immune cell regulation, apoptosis and glucose transport, except for granzyme K and CD8, was not differentially expressed in DNA-vaccinated chickens protected from IBDV challenge. |
| 9566 | 25268976 | The levels of T-lymphocyte proliferation in piglets immunized with pBudCE4.1-ORF2/IL18 were significantly higher than in those immunized with pBudCE4.1-ORF2, and pBudCE4.1-ORF2/IL18 stimulated a significantly increased production of IFN-γ and IL-2. |
| 9567 | 25282449 | WIV antigen alone induced mainly Th1 cytokines secretion, whereas BLP showed increased secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-4, but not IL-10, and may be resembles a Th0 like response. |
| 9568 | 25282449 | BLP significantly promoted growth and expansion of natural killer cells and of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets in the spleen. |
| 9569 | 25308358 | Th1-type cytokines including IL-1, IL-2, IL-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor are potent stimulators of Th1 differentiation and Th1-based antitumor response. |
| 9570 | 25343523 | Murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed from a bicistronic simian immunodeficiency virus-based integrase-defective lentiviral vector does not enhance T-cell responses in mice. |
| 9571 | 25343523 | As a prelude to immunization studies in nonhuman primates, we compared in mice the immunogenicity of a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-based integrase (IN)-defective lentiviral vector (IDLV) encoding the model antigen-enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) in the presence or absence of the murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) expressed from an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) sequence. |
| 9572 | 25343523 | Results indicated that the mGM-CSF was unable to improve the magnitude and quality of the immune response against the eGFP transgene in the context of the SIV-based IDLV, as evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays for interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and by intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). |
| 9573 | 25348693 | Although no significant difference in splenic CD4+ T cell proliferation was observed among all groups of vaccinated mice, splenocytes from mice vaccinated with two antigens exhibited higher interferon-γ and IL-2 production than when using single antigens alone upon in vitro restimulation. |
| 9574 | 25378595 | M2-specific CD4 T cells were selectively cytotoxic, produced multiple antiviral cytokines, and sustained IL-2 production. |
| 9575 | 25399820 | The results showed that pcAmIL-18 remarkably improved the level of specific antibody, IFN-γ and IL-2 in mice sera, the T lymphocyte proliferation index and the percentage of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells. |
| 9576 | 25419982 | In this study, we correlated the longitudinal changes in the magnitude and functional quality of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell response over a period of two years after mucosal or parenteral BCG vaccination with the strength of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. |
| 9577 | 25419982 | The BCG vaccination-induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells exhibited comparable response kinetics but distinct functional attributes in-terms of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α co-production and CD62L memory marker expression. |
| 9578 | 25419982 | The progressive decline in the multifactorial functional abilities of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in-terms of type-1 cytokine production, proliferation and cytolytic potential corresponded with the waning of protection against M. tuberculosis infection. |
| 9579 | 25419982 | In addition, simultaneous increase in the dysfunctional and terminally-differentiated T cells expressing CTLA-4, KLRG-1 and IL-10 during the contraction phase of BCG-induced response coincided with the loss of protection. |
| 9580 | 25448107 | This protection correlated with the accumulation of CD4(+) T cells expressing IL-17(+)TNF(+)IL-2(+). |
| 9581 | 25448107 | In contrast, mice challenged with Mtb 21 days after BCG vaccination exhibited only a mild and transient protection, associated with the accumulation of CD4(+) T cells that were mostly IFN-γ(+)TNF(+) and to a lesser extent IFN-γ(+)TNF(+)IL-2(+). |
| 9582 | 25448107 | This protection correlated with the accumulation of CD4(+) T cells expressing IL-17(+)TNF(+)IL-2(+). |
| 9583 | 25448107 | In contrast, mice challenged with Mtb 21 days after BCG vaccination exhibited only a mild and transient protection, associated with the accumulation of CD4(+) T cells that were mostly IFN-γ(+)TNF(+) and to a lesser extent IFN-γ(+)TNF(+)IL-2(+). |
| 9584 | 25450885 | During the monitoring period, the indices of immune organ weight, lymphocyte transformation rates, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood, IL-2 and IFN-γ secretions, serum antibody titers of ND vaccine, and viral loads in spleens were determined. |
| 9585 | 25453291 | In vivo test, 14-day-old chickens vaccinated with ND vaccine were injected respectively with sAMP(9) and AMP, the peripheral lymphocytes proliferation, serum antibody titer, IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 contents were determined. |
| 9586 | 25453291 | The results displayed that the sAMP could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation and elevate the antibody titers and content of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 in comparison with unmodified AMP. |
| 9587 | 25453291 | In vivo test, 14-day-old chickens vaccinated with ND vaccine were injected respectively with sAMP(9) and AMP, the peripheral lymphocytes proliferation, serum antibody titer, IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 contents were determined. |
| 9588 | 25453291 | The results displayed that the sAMP could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation and elevate the antibody titers and content of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 in comparison with unmodified AMP. |
| 9589 | 25466267 | In vitro, the MP-based vaccine significantly increased dendritic cell (DC) activation with up-regulated CD40 and CD80 expression and IL-12 production compared to alum-based vaccine. |
| 9590 | 25466267 | Moreover, subcutaneous and intramuscular immunizations with MP-based vaccine augmented Granzyme B, Th1-type cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ), and Th2 cytokine IL-4 secretions. |
| 9591 | 25467292 | In both lung and spleen, BALB/c cells produced at least 2-fold more IFN-γ, and up to 7-fold more IL-2 and IL-17 than C57BL/6 cells, whereas IL-10 production was reciprocally increased in C57BL/6 mice. |
| 9592 | 25471322 | Different individuals who were immunized with a virosome vaccine comprising influenza antigens combined with P. falciparum antigens, demonstrated pre-existing interferon-γ, IL-2 and IL-5 ELIspot responses against the influenza antigens, and showed boosting of anti-influenza T-cell responses only for IL-5. |
| 9593 | 25474358 | Significantly increased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ in spleen of vaccinated animals were observed in comparison to control group by flow cytometric analysis. |
| 9594 | 25474358 | A significant difference was observed in the expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and CD4+/CD8+ T cells secreting IFN-γ in the F1+LcrV+HSP70(II) vaccinated group in comparison to the F1+LcrV vaccinated group. |
| 9595 | 25483519 | Interestingly, hCD46tg and wt black/6 mice showed a predominant CD4(+) T-cell response against MV-N, whereas IFNARCD46tg mice developed both, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell response against MV-N. |
| 9596 | 25483519 | Analysis of the cytokine profile of MV-N specific CD4(+) T-cells and transgene (SIVgag) specific CD8(+) T-cells revealed qualitative differences of the T-cell responses; noticeably a significant reduction of the frequency of CD4(+)IL-2(+) expressing cells in IFNARCD46tg mice as compared with hCD46tg or wt black/6 mice. |
| 9597 | 25483636 | After 48 hours, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were harvested from both groups and stained for PD-1/CD25/ FOXP3. |
| 9598 | 25483636 | Similarly, in terms of PD-1 expression and Treg cells (CD4+/CD25high(+)/FOXP3+), only the HD group showed higher levels in CD4 lymphocytes. |
| 9599 | 25483636 | In terms of cytokines, the HD group showed higher levels of Th1 (IL-2/TNF-α/IFN-γ) and regulatory (IL-10) profiles, with monocytes, but not Tr1 cells, acting as the main source of IL-10. |
| 9600 | 25483691 | Comparing CD4+ T cell cytokine responses at month 12, there was a trend of increased levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in the Cervarix® groups versus the Gardasil® groups that was consistent across all 4 tested HPV types (16/18/33/45). |
| 9601 | 25487886 | Enhanced Th1-biased immune efficacy of porcine circovirus type 2 Cap-protein-based subunit vaccine when coadministered with recombinant porcine IL-2 or GM-CSF in mice. |
| 9602 | 25487886 | Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), used as immune adjuvants, have been shown to enhance the immunogenicity of certain antigens or vaccines in various experimental models. |
| 9603 | 25487886 | Furthermore, the PCV2-Cap + PoIL-2, Cap-PoGM-CSF, and PCV2-Cap + PoGM-CSF vaccines elicited stronger lymphocyte proliferative responses and greater IL-2 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion. |
| 9604 | 25487886 | Enhanced Th1-biased immune efficacy of porcine circovirus type 2 Cap-protein-based subunit vaccine when coadministered with recombinant porcine IL-2 or GM-CSF in mice. |
| 9605 | 25487886 | Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), used as immune adjuvants, have been shown to enhance the immunogenicity of certain antigens or vaccines in various experimental models. |
| 9606 | 25487886 | Furthermore, the PCV2-Cap + PoIL-2, Cap-PoGM-CSF, and PCV2-Cap + PoGM-CSF vaccines elicited stronger lymphocyte proliferative responses and greater IL-2 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion. |
| 9607 | 25487886 | Enhanced Th1-biased immune efficacy of porcine circovirus type 2 Cap-protein-based subunit vaccine when coadministered with recombinant porcine IL-2 or GM-CSF in mice. |
| 9608 | 25487886 | Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), used as immune adjuvants, have been shown to enhance the immunogenicity of certain antigens or vaccines in various experimental models. |
| 9609 | 25487886 | Furthermore, the PCV2-Cap + PoIL-2, Cap-PoGM-CSF, and PCV2-Cap + PoGM-CSF vaccines elicited stronger lymphocyte proliferative responses and greater IL-2 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion. |
| 9610 | 25520147 | The CD4 T cell cytokine response (IFN-γ, interleukin-2 [IL-2], interleukin-17A [IL-17A], interleukin-22 [IL-22], granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) and surface marker expression (CD27, CXCR3, and CD154) were then measured. |
| 9611 | 25520147 | We found that the proportion of PPD-specific CD4 T cells, defined as CD154(+) TNF-α(+) cells that were negative for CD27 and positive for GM-CSF, gave the strongest discrimination between subjects with latent and those with active TB (area under the receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curve of 0.9277; P < 0.0001). |
| 9612 | 25520147 | Also, the proportions and absolute numbers of HBHA-specific CD4 T cells were significantly higher in those with latent TB infection, particularly CD154(+) TNF-α(+) IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) and CD154(+) TNF-α(+) CXCR3(+). |
| 9613 | 25520147 | The CD4 T cell cytokine response (IFN-γ, interleukin-2 [IL-2], interleukin-17A [IL-17A], interleukin-22 [IL-22], granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) and surface marker expression (CD27, CXCR3, and CD154) were then measured. |
| 9614 | 25520147 | We found that the proportion of PPD-specific CD4 T cells, defined as CD154(+) TNF-α(+) cells that were negative for CD27 and positive for GM-CSF, gave the strongest discrimination between subjects with latent and those with active TB (area under the receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curve of 0.9277; P < 0.0001). |
| 9615 | 25520147 | Also, the proportions and absolute numbers of HBHA-specific CD4 T cells were significantly higher in those with latent TB infection, particularly CD154(+) TNF-α(+) IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) and CD154(+) TNF-α(+) CXCR3(+). |
| 9616 | 25549696 | Multiparameter flow cytometry revealed that F16 induced significantly more polyfunctional antigen-specific CD8+ T cells simultaneously producing IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α than other test formulations. |
| 9617 | 25563963 | The results showed that OPL could significantly promote the phagocytosis of macrophages and induce the secretion of IL-2 and IL-6 in vitro; OPL at high and medium doses could significantly improve the phagocytosic index, promote lymphocyte proliferation, increase the proportion of T lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4(+) and CD8(+)), enhance antibody titer and improve the protective rate in vivo. |
| 9618 | 25574771 | In the present study, the kinetics of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ expression was determined in bovine PBMCs by real-time PCR and in whole blood by cytokine-release assay after in vitro stimulation with recall foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen. |
| 9619 | 25574771 | The results showed that the cytokine mRNA of IL-2 and IFN-γ in PBMCs were induced early (peak induction at 6 h), whereas the IL-4 mRNA showed delayed induction (peaked at 24 h). |
| 9620 | 25574771 | The peak accumulation of cytokine protein in whole blood was recorded at 72 h for IL-2 and IL-4, and 96 h for IFN-γ. |
| 9621 | 25574771 | In the present study, the kinetics of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ expression was determined in bovine PBMCs by real-time PCR and in whole blood by cytokine-release assay after in vitro stimulation with recall foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen. |
| 9622 | 25574771 | The results showed that the cytokine mRNA of IL-2 and IFN-γ in PBMCs were induced early (peak induction at 6 h), whereas the IL-4 mRNA showed delayed induction (peaked at 24 h). |
| 9623 | 25574771 | The peak accumulation of cytokine protein in whole blood was recorded at 72 h for IL-2 and IL-4, and 96 h for IFN-γ. |
| 9624 | 25574771 | In the present study, the kinetics of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ expression was determined in bovine PBMCs by real-time PCR and in whole blood by cytokine-release assay after in vitro stimulation with recall foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen. |
| 9625 | 25574771 | The results showed that the cytokine mRNA of IL-2 and IFN-γ in PBMCs were induced early (peak induction at 6 h), whereas the IL-4 mRNA showed delayed induction (peaked at 24 h). |
| 9626 | 25574771 | The peak accumulation of cytokine protein in whole blood was recorded at 72 h for IL-2 and IL-4, and 96 h for IFN-γ. |
| 9627 | 25576595 | The inducible costimulator (ICOS) plays a key role in the development of Th17 cells, but its role in the development and antitumor activity of IL-17-producing CD8(+) T cells (Tc17) remains unknown. |
| 9628 | 25576595 | However, ICOS stimulation did not augment the antitumor activity of IL-2 expanded T cells. |
| 9629 | 25576595 | Additional investigation revealed that ICOS stimulation not only increased IL-2Rα, CXCR3, and IL-23R expression on Tc17 cells, but also dampened their expression of suppressive molecule CD39. |
| 9630 | 25576595 | Although Tc17 cells activated with an ICOS agonist cosecreted heightened IL-17A, IL-9, and IFN-γ, their therapeutic effectiveness was critically dependent on IFN-γ production. |
| 9631 | 25576595 | Depletion of IL-17A and IL-9 had little impact on antitumor Tc17 cells activated with an ICOS agonist. |
| 9632 | 25589549 | Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) produced by CD4(+) T cells and, recently, multifunctional CD4(+) T cells secreting IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been used in vaccine studies as a measurable immune parameter, reflecting activity of a vaccine and potentially predicting protection. |
| 9633 | 25589549 | However, accumulating experimental evidence suggests that host resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is independent of IFN-γ and TNF secretion from CD4(+) T cells. |
| 9634 | 25594805 | In the aspect of cytokines, the rSFTSV/NSs-vaccinated mice had a 5- to 10-fold increase in interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α, which probably just had a negative effect on the bodyweight of mice. |
| 9635 | 25597949 | Short exposure to AFB1 suppressed innate immune transcripts, especially from antimicrobial genes, but increased the expression of transcripts from E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B and multiple interleukin-2 response genes. |
| 9636 | 25597949 | Up-regulation of transcripts from lymphotactin, granzyme A, and perforin 1 could indicate either increased cytotoxic potential or activation-induced cell death in the spleen during aflatoxicosis. |
| 9637 | 25622186 | The functional maturation of BMDCs was confirmed by cytochemistry assay, FITC-dextran, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, bio-assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).We elucidated that IL-2 up-regulated the expression of key surface markers such as: CD80, CD83, CD86, CD40 and MHC II molecules on BMDCs, down-regulated phagocytosis activity, induced more production of IL-12 and TNF-α secreted by BMDCs. |
| 9638 | 25624476 | In addition, it increased the number of CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and protected them from apoptosis and exhaustion characterized by decreased production of IL-2, TNFα, and IFNγ. |
| 9639 | 25624476 | CD8(+) TILs capable of producing multiple cytokines were mainly PD-1(-)Tim-3(+), an effector memory subset responsible for tumor rejection. |
| 9640 | 25624476 | Combined use of metformin and cancer vaccine improved CD8(+) TIL multifunctionality. |
| 9641 | 25624476 | The adoptive transfer of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells treated with metformin concentrations as low as 10 μM showed efficient migration into tumors while maintaining multifunctionality in a manner sensitive to the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C. |
| 9642 | 25625932 | This review compares the optimal use of vaccines vs. other forms of immunotherapy, which includes cytokines, such as IL-2, monoclonal antibodies, such as the 'checkpoint inhibitors', against CTLA-4 and PD-1. |
| 9643 | 25626488 | We have previously shown that interleukin-2-dependent NK and CD4(+) T-cell co-operative immune responses exist in long-term simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) -infected controlling macaques and can be rescued in SIV-infected non-controlling macaques by a short course of antiretroviral therapy (ART). |
| 9644 | 25626488 | ART significantly decreased plasma and mucosal viral loads, increased the numbers of circulating CD4(+) T cells in all macaques, and increased T-cell-dependent envelope- and gag-specific interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α production by circulatory CD56(+) NK cells. |
| 9645 | 25632844 | The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) previously approved the therapeutic vaccine, sipuleucel-T, which is composed of autologous antigen-presenting cells cultured with a fusion protein [prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF)]. |
| 9646 | 25632844 | Using a super gene expression (SGE) system that we previously established to amplify the production of a recombinant protein, significant amounts of PAP-fused cytokines [human GMCSF, interleukin-2 (IL2), IL4, IL7 and mouse GMCSF and IL4] were obtained. |
| 9647 | 25632844 | We also investigated the in vivo therapeutic effects of multiple PAP-fused cytokines in a mouse prostate cancer model bearing prostate-specific antigen (PSA)- and PAP-expressing tumors. |
| 9648 | 25632844 | The simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of PAP-GMCSF, -IL2, -IL4 and -IL7 significantly prevented tumor induction and inhibited the tumor growth in the PAP-expressing tumors, yet not in the PSA-expressing tumors. |
| 9649 | 25632844 | The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) previously approved the therapeutic vaccine, sipuleucel-T, which is composed of autologous antigen-presenting cells cultured with a fusion protein [prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF)]. |
| 9650 | 25632844 | Using a super gene expression (SGE) system that we previously established to amplify the production of a recombinant protein, significant amounts of PAP-fused cytokines [human GMCSF, interleukin-2 (IL2), IL4, IL7 and mouse GMCSF and IL4] were obtained. |
| 9651 | 25632844 | We also investigated the in vivo therapeutic effects of multiple PAP-fused cytokines in a mouse prostate cancer model bearing prostate-specific antigen (PSA)- and PAP-expressing tumors. |
| 9652 | 25632844 | The simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of PAP-GMCSF, -IL2, -IL4 and -IL7 significantly prevented tumor induction and inhibited the tumor growth in the PAP-expressing tumors, yet not in the PSA-expressing tumors. |
| 9653 | 25643774 | In the following literature review we present some of the better-known systemic treatment options for melanoma, from conventional chemotherapy, molecular (MAPK inhibitors) and immunomodulatory (interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death-1 inhibitors) therapies, to miscellaneous options, among which are angiogenesis inhibitors, apoptosis modulators, vaccines, and radiotherapy. |
| 9654 | 25701315 | Cytokine and chemokine secretion in the serum of DNV-immunized mice showed elevated levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-5, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-17, eotaxin and RANTES, all of which have varying immune functions. |
| 9655 | 25701315 | Furthermore, we observed a DNV dose-dependent increase in the frequencies of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells after in vitro stimulation of nucleated cells. |
| 9656 | 25704800 | A significant increase was observed in the cytokine levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ in the culture supernatants of splenocytes. |
| 9657 | 25733024 | Cytokine profiling also showed a significant increase in the Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, 10) responses in splenocytes of immunized mice upon stimulation with the rTsNd. |
| 9658 | 25737202 | Moreover, Th1 (TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokines were expressed by both groups, yet only the intranasal group expressed the Th17 marker IL-17. |
| 9659 | 25754202 | PEM did not change the overall numbers of CD4 T cells in BCG-vaccinated animals but resulted in an almost complete loss of antigen-specific cytokine production. |
| 9660 | 25754202 | Furthermore, there was a change in cytokine expression characterized by a gradual loss of multifunctional antigen-specific CD4 T cells and an increased proportion of effector cells expressing gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha (IFN-γ(+) TNF-α(+) and IFN-γ(+) cells). |
| 9661 | 25754202 | PEM during M. tuberculosis infection completely blocked the protection afforded by the H56-CAF01 subunit vaccine, and this was associated with a very substantial loss of the interleukin-2-positive memory CD4 T cells promoted by this vaccine. |
| 9662 | 25754202 | Similarly, PEM during the vaccination phase markedly reduced the H56-CAF01 vaccine response, influencing all cytokine-producing CD4 T cell subsets, with the exception of CD4 T cells positive for TNF-α only. |
| 9663 | 25762364 | As a surgery adjuvant approach, it comprised the co-injection of lipoplexes bearing herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and canine interferon-β genes at the time of surgery, combined with the periodic administration of a subcutaneous genetic vaccine composed of tumor extracts and lipoplexes carrying the genes of human interleukin-2 and human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 9664 | 25775390 | Furthermore, sRCPS increased the levels of IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-γ in CD4(+)T cells and the level of IFN-γ in CD8(+)T cells. |
| 9665 | 25775390 | In addition, sRCPS enhanced the expression of CD40(+), CD80(+), CD86(+), MHC I and MHC II in dendritic cells (DCs) and upregulated the mRNA levels of MHC I, MHC II. sRCPS downregulated the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells. sRCPS increased both cellular and humoral immune responses by upregulating DC maturation, and suppressing the frequency of Treg cells. |
| 9666 | 25796990 | And the recombinant virus induced the production of HIV-1 p24 specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 9667 | 25804480 | Recently, adjuvant immunotherapy with anti-GD2 antibodies combined with IL-2 or GM-CSF has been shown to improve survival. |
| 9668 | 25822536 | Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection offered by a new multistage subunit vaccine correlates with increased number of IFN-γ+ IL-2+ CD4+ and IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells. |
| 9669 | 25822536 | Antigen-specific single IL-2-secreting cells and different combinations with IL-2-secreting CD4+ T cells were beneficial and correlated with BCG vaccine-induced protection against TB. |
| 9670 | 25822536 | Antigen-specific IFN-γ+ IL-2+ CD4+ T cells were the only effective biomarker significantly induced by A1D4/MTO. |
| 9671 | 25822536 | Among all groups, A1D4/MTO immunization also conferred the highest number of antigen-specific single IFN-γ+ and IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells, which might be related to the antigen load in vivo, and single IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells by mimicking the immune patterns of LTBIs or curable TB patients. |
| 9672 | 25822536 | Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection offered by a new multistage subunit vaccine correlates with increased number of IFN-γ+ IL-2+ CD4+ and IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells. |
| 9673 | 25822536 | Antigen-specific single IL-2-secreting cells and different combinations with IL-2-secreting CD4+ T cells were beneficial and correlated with BCG vaccine-induced protection against TB. |
| 9674 | 25822536 | Antigen-specific IFN-γ+ IL-2+ CD4+ T cells were the only effective biomarker significantly induced by A1D4/MTO. |
| 9675 | 25822536 | Among all groups, A1D4/MTO immunization also conferred the highest number of antigen-specific single IFN-γ+ and IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells, which might be related to the antigen load in vivo, and single IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells by mimicking the immune patterns of LTBIs or curable TB patients. |
| 9676 | 25822536 | Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection offered by a new multistage subunit vaccine correlates with increased number of IFN-γ+ IL-2+ CD4+ and IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells. |
| 9677 | 25822536 | Antigen-specific single IL-2-secreting cells and different combinations with IL-2-secreting CD4+ T cells were beneficial and correlated with BCG vaccine-induced protection against TB. |
| 9678 | 25822536 | Antigen-specific IFN-γ+ IL-2+ CD4+ T cells were the only effective biomarker significantly induced by A1D4/MTO. |
| 9679 | 25822536 | Among all groups, A1D4/MTO immunization also conferred the highest number of antigen-specific single IFN-γ+ and IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells, which might be related to the antigen load in vivo, and single IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells by mimicking the immune patterns of LTBIs or curable TB patients. |
| 9680 | 25849837 | Results showed that, after three doses of vaccine, central memory and effector memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, as well as HPV-specific interleukin (IL)2(+)/CD4(+), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ(+))/CD4(+), IFN-γ(+)/CD8(+) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocytes and Perforin and Granzyme B secreting CD8(+) T lymphocytes were significantly increased. |
| 9681 | 25855356 | NK cells contribute to postvaccination immune responses after activation by IL-2 from Ag-specific memory T cells or by cross-linking of the low-affinity IgG receptor, CD16, by Ag-Ab immune complexes. |
| 9682 | 25855356 | CD56(dim)CD57(+) NK cells are less responsive to IL-2 and produce less IFN-γ in response to T cell-mediated activation than do CD56(bright) or CD56(dim)CD57(-) NK cells. |
| 9683 | 25855356 | Human CMV (HCMV), a highly prevalent herpes virus causing lifelong, usually latent, infections, drives the expansion of the CD56(dim)CD57(+)NKG2C(+) NK cell population, skewing the NK cell repertoire in favor of cytotoxic responses at the expense of cytokine-driven responses. |
| 9684 | 25855356 | Higher expression of CD57/NKG2C and lower expression of IL-18Rα on NK cells from HCMV seropositive subjects do not fully explain these impaired responses, which are likely the result of multiple receptor-ligand interactions. |
| 9685 | 25855356 | NK cells contribute to postvaccination immune responses after activation by IL-2 from Ag-specific memory T cells or by cross-linking of the low-affinity IgG receptor, CD16, by Ag-Ab immune complexes. |
| 9686 | 25855356 | CD56(dim)CD57(+) NK cells are less responsive to IL-2 and produce less IFN-γ in response to T cell-mediated activation than do CD56(bright) or CD56(dim)CD57(-) NK cells. |
| 9687 | 25855356 | Human CMV (HCMV), a highly prevalent herpes virus causing lifelong, usually latent, infections, drives the expansion of the CD56(dim)CD57(+)NKG2C(+) NK cell population, skewing the NK cell repertoire in favor of cytotoxic responses at the expense of cytokine-driven responses. |
| 9688 | 25855356 | Higher expression of CD57/NKG2C and lower expression of IL-18Rα on NK cells from HCMV seropositive subjects do not fully explain these impaired responses, which are likely the result of multiple receptor-ligand interactions. |
| 9689 | 25892508 | Comparison for sera biomarkers between narcolepsy (n = 84, 54 males, median age: 15.5 years old) and healthy controls (n = 41, 13 males, median age: 20 years old) revealed an increased stimulation of the immune system with high release of several pro- and anti-inflammatory serum cytokines and growth factors with interferon-γ, CCL11, epidermal growth factor, and interleukin-2 receptor being independently associated with narcolepsy. |
| 9690 | 25892508 | Comparison for sera biomarkers between patients with narcolepsy who developed the disease post-pandemic flu vaccination (n = 36) to those without vaccination (n = 48) revealed an increased stimulation of the immune system with high release of three cytokines, regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted, CXCL10, and CXCL9, being independently and significantly increased in the group exposed to the vaccine. |
| 9691 | 25907170 | RpfE induces DC maturation by increasing expression of surface molecules and the production of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-23p19, IL-12p70, and TNF-α but not IL-10. |
| 9692 | 25907170 | This induction is mediated through TLR4 binding and subsequent activation of ERK, p38 MAPKs, and NF-κB signaling. |
| 9693 | 25907170 | RpfE-treated DCs effectively caused naïve CD4(+) T cells to secrete IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17A, which resulted in reciprocal expansions of the Th1 and Th17 cell response along with activation of T-bet and RORγt but not GATA-3. |
| 9694 | 25919308 | This modified method enhanced staining of IL-2 and IL-4, but not IFNγ, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), or IL-5. |
| 9695 | 25924764 | We identified high responders, intermediate responders, and nonresponders based on detection of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) expressing central (TCM) and effector memory CD4(+) T cells (TEM) 182 days after the first immunization. |
| 9696 | 25934108 | Moreover, CVPS increased the expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in CD4(+) T cells and IFN-γ expression in CD8(+) T cells. |
| 9697 | 25934108 | Additionally, CVPS enhanced CD40(+), CD80(+), and CD86(+) expression on DCs. |
| 9698 | 25934108 | In contrast, CVPS downregulated TGF-β mRNA expression and the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells. |
| 9699 | 25934108 | Taken together, these results indicate that administering CVPS as an adjuvant enhances both cellular and humoral immune responses via the TLR-2 and TLR-4 signalling pathways, thereby promoting DC maturation and suppressing TGF-β expression and Treg frequency. |
| 9700 | 25936981 | Immunization of BALB/c mice showed high levels of TNFα, IFNγ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-4 in splenocyte supernatant culture and also high levels of serum specific anti-rFh15 IgG, IgG1, IgG2a IgE and IgM antibodies suggesting a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. |
| 9701 | 25941601 | XBP1-CTL were enriched withCD45RO+ memory CTL, which showed high expression of critical T cell markers (CD28, ICOS, CD69, CD40L), cell proliferation and antitumor activities as compared to CD45RO- non-memory CTL. |
| 9702 | 25941601 | The effector memory (EM: CD45RO+CCR7-) subset had the highest level of cell proliferation while the central memory (CM: CD45RO+CCR7+) subset demonstrated enhanced functional activities (CD107a degranulation, IFNγ/IL-2 production) upon recognition of the respective tumor cells. |
| 9703 | 25941601 | The highest frequencies of IFNγ or granzyme B producing cells were detected within CM XBP1-CTL subset that were either Tbet+ or Eomes+ in responding to the tumor cells.These results demonstrate the immunotherapeutic potential of a cocktail of immunogenic HLA-A2 specific heteroclitic XBP1 US184-192 and heteroclictic XBP1 SP367-375 peptides to induce CD3+CD8+ CTL enriched for CM and EM cells with specific antitumor activities against a variety of solid tumors. |
| 9704 | 25942359 | A novel recombinant BCG-expressing pro-apoptotic protein BAX enhances Th1 protective immune responses in mice. |
| 9705 | 25942359 | In addition, it significantly enhanced Ag85B-specific IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot responses, IFN-γ secretion, IL-2 secretion and the ratio of Ag85B-specific IgG2b/IgG1, and it significantly decreased Ag85B-specific IL-4. |
| 9706 | 25942359 | In conclusion, these results suggest that the rBCG::BAX strain elicited predominantly a Th1 protective immune responses and might be a potential tuberculosis vaccine candidate for further study. |
| 9707 | 25943203 | Using peptide arrays and intracellular cytokine staining, we demonstrated that TDV elicits CD8(+) T cells targeting the nonstructural NS1, NS3, and NS5 proteins of TDV-2. |
| 9708 | 25943203 | The cells were characterized by the production of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and to a lesser extent interleukin-2. |
| 9709 | 25947145 | BCG vaccination induced an unexpectedly dichotomous immune response in this small, BCG-naive, young-adult cohort: BCG vaccination induced either gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ(+)) interleukin 2-positive (IL-2(+)) tumor necrosis factor α-positive (TNF-α(+)) polyfunctional CD4(+) T cells concurrent with CD4(+) IL-17A(+) and CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) T cells or, in contrast, virtually absent cytokine responses with induction of CD8(+) regulatory T cells. |
| 9710 | 25947145 | Significant induction of polyfunctional CD4(+) IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) TNF-α(+) T cells and IFN-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was confined to individuals with strong immunization-induced local skin inflammation and increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP). |
| 9711 | 25947145 | Thus, BCG vaccination either induced a broad proinflammatory T cell response with local inflammatory reactogenicity or, in contrast, a predominant CD8(+) regulatory T cell response with mild local inflammation, poor cytokine induction, and absent polyfunctional CD4(+) T cells. |
| 9712 | 25947145 | BCG vaccination induced an unexpectedly dichotomous immune response in this small, BCG-naive, young-adult cohort: BCG vaccination induced either gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ(+)) interleukin 2-positive (IL-2(+)) tumor necrosis factor α-positive (TNF-α(+)) polyfunctional CD4(+) T cells concurrent with CD4(+) IL-17A(+) and CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) T cells or, in contrast, virtually absent cytokine responses with induction of CD8(+) regulatory T cells. |
| 9713 | 25947145 | Significant induction of polyfunctional CD4(+) IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) TNF-α(+) T cells and IFN-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was confined to individuals with strong immunization-induced local skin inflammation and increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP). |
| 9714 | 25947145 | Thus, BCG vaccination either induced a broad proinflammatory T cell response with local inflammatory reactogenicity or, in contrast, a predominant CD8(+) regulatory T cell response with mild local inflammation, poor cytokine induction, and absent polyfunctional CD4(+) T cells. |
| 9715 | 25959372 | In the mechanistic study, H1N1-TMC/NP was shown to stimulate macrophages to produce IL-1β and IL-6 and to stimulate spleen lymphocytes to produce IL-2 and IFN-γ. |
| 9716 | 25962477 | The results demonstrated that the prime-boost strategy induced a potent antigen-specific immune response, which was primarily characterized by an enhanced T cell response and increased production of cytokines, including interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-2, in mice. |
| 9717 | 25971313 | We have studied Ki-67 expression and FLUAVsw-specific production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 in CD4(+) and CD8β(+) T cells isolated from piglets that had been intratracheally infected with a H1N2 FLUAVsw isolate. |
| 9718 | 25971313 | IFN-γ(+)TNF-α(+)IL-2(+) multifunctional CD4(+) T cells were present in the blood of all infected animals at one or two weeks after primary infection and their frequency increased in four out of six animals after homologous secondary infection. |
| 9719 | 25971313 | These cells produced higher amounts of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 than did CD4(+) T cells that only produced a single cytokine. |
| 9720 | 25971313 | Analysis of CD27 expression suggested that FLUAVsw-specific CD4(+) T cells included both central memory and effector memory populations. |
| 9721 | 25971313 | We have studied Ki-67 expression and FLUAVsw-specific production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 in CD4(+) and CD8β(+) T cells isolated from piglets that had been intratracheally infected with a H1N2 FLUAVsw isolate. |
| 9722 | 25971313 | IFN-γ(+)TNF-α(+)IL-2(+) multifunctional CD4(+) T cells were present in the blood of all infected animals at one or two weeks after primary infection and their frequency increased in four out of six animals after homologous secondary infection. |
| 9723 | 25971313 | These cells produced higher amounts of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 than did CD4(+) T cells that only produced a single cytokine. |
| 9724 | 25971313 | Analysis of CD27 expression suggested that FLUAVsw-specific CD4(+) T cells included both central memory and effector memory populations. |
| 9725 | 25971313 | We have studied Ki-67 expression and FLUAVsw-specific production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 in CD4(+) and CD8β(+) T cells isolated from piglets that had been intratracheally infected with a H1N2 FLUAVsw isolate. |
| 9726 | 25971313 | IFN-γ(+)TNF-α(+)IL-2(+) multifunctional CD4(+) T cells were present in the blood of all infected animals at one or two weeks after primary infection and their frequency increased in four out of six animals after homologous secondary infection. |
| 9727 | 25971313 | These cells produced higher amounts of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 than did CD4(+) T cells that only produced a single cytokine. |
| 9728 | 25971313 | Analysis of CD27 expression suggested that FLUAVsw-specific CD4(+) T cells included both central memory and effector memory populations. |
| 9729 | 25974877 | Mechanistically, the immune protection was attributed to stronger antigen-specific CD4(+) Th1 responses, higher numbers of IFN-γ(+) CD4(+) TEM and IL-2(+) CD8(+) TCM cells elicited by ABX. |
| 9730 | 25989924 | The TPPPS-PP group showed the highest levels of antibody titres and interleukin-2 (IL-2) at 14-28 days post the first inoculation (dpi), lymphocyte transformation rates (LTRs) at 14-35 dpi, CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts at 14-42 dpi, and CD8(+) T-lymphocyte counts at 28 dpi. |
| 9731 | 25992289 | NK cells and CD8+ T cells cooperate to improve therapeutic responses in melanoma treated with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and CTLA-4 blockade. |
| 9732 | 26009966 | The cellular responses were assessed by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) ELISPOT and by intracellular staining (ICS) for the Th1 cytokines IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). |
| 9733 | 26019274 | To achieve this, vaccine Ags need to be targeted to the cytosol of dendritic cells, which can activate CD8 T cells via MHC class I (MHCI). |
| 9734 | 26019274 | Immunization in the presence of TPCS2a significantly increased activation of CD8 T cells compared with immunization without TPCS2a and as measured by CD8 T cell proliferation, production of proinflammatory IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2, and prevention of tumor growth. |
| 9735 | 26019274 | CD4-dependent Ab responses were abrogated in mice immunized with TPCS2a-containing particles, suggesting that photosensitization facilitated a shift from default MHC class II toward MHCI Ag presentation. |
| 9736 | 26031574 | Based on the results of preclinical studies, we designed a phase Ib trial (TSPP/VAC1) to investigate, in a dose escalation setting, the safety and the biological activity of TSPP vaccination alone (arm A) or in combination with GM-CSF and IL-2 (arm B) in cancer patients. |
| 9737 | 26041038 | The supernatant was then assayed for gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A. |
| 9738 | 26041038 | In addition, IL-6 concentrations were higher while IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations were significantly lower in those with nonmeningeal disseminated disease diagnosed within 12 months than in those with acute pneumonia (for all, P < 0.05). |
| 9739 | 26041038 | The supernatant was then assayed for gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A. |
| 9740 | 26041038 | In addition, IL-6 concentrations were higher while IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations were significantly lower in those with nonmeningeal disseminated disease diagnosed within 12 months than in those with acute pneumonia (for all, P < 0.05). |
| 9741 | 26049546 | Following short-term (14 d) culture activation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 microbeads and expansion in low concentrations of IL-2, the melanoma-draining lymph node (MDLN) cells were ∼ 60% CD4-activated and ∼ 40% CD8-activated T cells. |
| 9742 | 26049546 | The activated MDLN cells demonstrated reactivity in response to overlapping peptides spanning the sequence of 4 different known melanoma antigens MAGEA1, Melan-A/MART-1, NY-ESO-1, and Prame/OIP4, suggesting the presence of melanoma-specific T cells. |
| 9743 | 26049546 | Although prior human studies have demonstrated the immune responses within melanoma vaccine-draining lymph nodes, this study presents evidence for the first time that naturally occurring human MDLN samples contain melanoma-experienced CD4 and CD8 T cells that can be readily cultured and expanded to mediate protective immune responses both in vitro and in vivo in a human melanoma xenograft model. |
| 9744 | 26053794 | Upon analysis of spleen cells, both, vaccination and treatment with rEmP29, resulted in low ratios of Th2/Th1 (IL-4/IFN-γ) cytokine mRNA and low levels of mRNA coding for IL-10 and IL-2. |
| 9745 | 26055295 | Mutual enhancement of IL-2 and IL-7 on DNA vaccine immunogenicity mainly involves regulations on their receptor expression and receptor-expressing lymphocyte generation. |
| 9746 | 26055295 | Our previous study showed that IL-2 and IL-7 could mutually enhance the immunogenicity of canine parvovirus VP2 DNA vaccine, although the underlying mechanism remained unknown. |
| 9747 | 26055295 | Results showed that both IL-2 and IL-7 genes significantly increased the immunogenicity of OVA DNA vaccine in mice. |
| 9748 | 26055295 | Co-administration of IL-2 and IL-7 genes with OVA DNA significantly increased OVA-specific antibody titers, T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production compared with IL-2 or IL-7 alone, confirming that IL-2 and IL-7 mutually enhanced DNA vaccine immunogenicity. |
| 9749 | 26055295 | Mechanistically, we have shown that IL-2 significantly stimulated generation of IL-7 receptor-expressing lymphocytes, and that IL-7 significantly induced IL-2 receptor expression. |
| 9750 | 26055295 | These results contribute to an explanation of the mechanism of the mutual effects of IL-2 and IL-7 on enhancing DNA vaccine immunogenicity and provided a basis for further investigation on their mutual effects on adjuvant activity and immune regulation. |
| 9751 | 26055295 | Mutual enhancement of IL-2 and IL-7 on DNA vaccine immunogenicity mainly involves regulations on their receptor expression and receptor-expressing lymphocyte generation. |
| 9752 | 26055295 | Our previous study showed that IL-2 and IL-7 could mutually enhance the immunogenicity of canine parvovirus VP2 DNA vaccine, although the underlying mechanism remained unknown. |
| 9753 | 26055295 | Results showed that both IL-2 and IL-7 genes significantly increased the immunogenicity of OVA DNA vaccine in mice. |
| 9754 | 26055295 | Co-administration of IL-2 and IL-7 genes with OVA DNA significantly increased OVA-specific antibody titers, T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production compared with IL-2 or IL-7 alone, confirming that IL-2 and IL-7 mutually enhanced DNA vaccine immunogenicity. |
| 9755 | 26055295 | Mechanistically, we have shown that IL-2 significantly stimulated generation of IL-7 receptor-expressing lymphocytes, and that IL-7 significantly induced IL-2 receptor expression. |
| 9756 | 26055295 | These results contribute to an explanation of the mechanism of the mutual effects of IL-2 and IL-7 on enhancing DNA vaccine immunogenicity and provided a basis for further investigation on their mutual effects on adjuvant activity and immune regulation. |
| 9757 | 26055295 | Mutual enhancement of IL-2 and IL-7 on DNA vaccine immunogenicity mainly involves regulations on their receptor expression and receptor-expressing lymphocyte generation. |
| 9758 | 26055295 | Our previous study showed that IL-2 and IL-7 could mutually enhance the immunogenicity of canine parvovirus VP2 DNA vaccine, although the underlying mechanism remained unknown. |
| 9759 | 26055295 | Results showed that both IL-2 and IL-7 genes significantly increased the immunogenicity of OVA DNA vaccine in mice. |
| 9760 | 26055295 | Co-administration of IL-2 and IL-7 genes with OVA DNA significantly increased OVA-specific antibody titers, T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production compared with IL-2 or IL-7 alone, confirming that IL-2 and IL-7 mutually enhanced DNA vaccine immunogenicity. |
| 9761 | 26055295 | Mechanistically, we have shown that IL-2 significantly stimulated generation of IL-7 receptor-expressing lymphocytes, and that IL-7 significantly induced IL-2 receptor expression. |
| 9762 | 26055295 | These results contribute to an explanation of the mechanism of the mutual effects of IL-2 and IL-7 on enhancing DNA vaccine immunogenicity and provided a basis for further investigation on their mutual effects on adjuvant activity and immune regulation. |
| 9763 | 26055295 | Mutual enhancement of IL-2 and IL-7 on DNA vaccine immunogenicity mainly involves regulations on their receptor expression and receptor-expressing lymphocyte generation. |
| 9764 | 26055295 | Our previous study showed that IL-2 and IL-7 could mutually enhance the immunogenicity of canine parvovirus VP2 DNA vaccine, although the underlying mechanism remained unknown. |
| 9765 | 26055295 | Results showed that both IL-2 and IL-7 genes significantly increased the immunogenicity of OVA DNA vaccine in mice. |
| 9766 | 26055295 | Co-administration of IL-2 and IL-7 genes with OVA DNA significantly increased OVA-specific antibody titers, T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production compared with IL-2 or IL-7 alone, confirming that IL-2 and IL-7 mutually enhanced DNA vaccine immunogenicity. |
| 9767 | 26055295 | Mechanistically, we have shown that IL-2 significantly stimulated generation of IL-7 receptor-expressing lymphocytes, and that IL-7 significantly induced IL-2 receptor expression. |
| 9768 | 26055295 | These results contribute to an explanation of the mechanism of the mutual effects of IL-2 and IL-7 on enhancing DNA vaccine immunogenicity and provided a basis for further investigation on their mutual effects on adjuvant activity and immune regulation. |
| 9769 | 26055295 | Mutual enhancement of IL-2 and IL-7 on DNA vaccine immunogenicity mainly involves regulations on their receptor expression and receptor-expressing lymphocyte generation. |
| 9770 | 26055295 | Our previous study showed that IL-2 and IL-7 could mutually enhance the immunogenicity of canine parvovirus VP2 DNA vaccine, although the underlying mechanism remained unknown. |
| 9771 | 26055295 | Results showed that both IL-2 and IL-7 genes significantly increased the immunogenicity of OVA DNA vaccine in mice. |
| 9772 | 26055295 | Co-administration of IL-2 and IL-7 genes with OVA DNA significantly increased OVA-specific antibody titers, T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production compared with IL-2 or IL-7 alone, confirming that IL-2 and IL-7 mutually enhanced DNA vaccine immunogenicity. |
| 9773 | 26055295 | Mechanistically, we have shown that IL-2 significantly stimulated generation of IL-7 receptor-expressing lymphocytes, and that IL-7 significantly induced IL-2 receptor expression. |
| 9774 | 26055295 | These results contribute to an explanation of the mechanism of the mutual effects of IL-2 and IL-7 on enhancing DNA vaccine immunogenicity and provided a basis for further investigation on their mutual effects on adjuvant activity and immune regulation. |
| 9775 | 26055295 | Mutual enhancement of IL-2 and IL-7 on DNA vaccine immunogenicity mainly involves regulations on their receptor expression and receptor-expressing lymphocyte generation. |
| 9776 | 26055295 | Our previous study showed that IL-2 and IL-7 could mutually enhance the immunogenicity of canine parvovirus VP2 DNA vaccine, although the underlying mechanism remained unknown. |
| 9777 | 26055295 | Results showed that both IL-2 and IL-7 genes significantly increased the immunogenicity of OVA DNA vaccine in mice. |
| 9778 | 26055295 | Co-administration of IL-2 and IL-7 genes with OVA DNA significantly increased OVA-specific antibody titers, T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production compared with IL-2 or IL-7 alone, confirming that IL-2 and IL-7 mutually enhanced DNA vaccine immunogenicity. |
| 9779 | 26055295 | Mechanistically, we have shown that IL-2 significantly stimulated generation of IL-7 receptor-expressing lymphocytes, and that IL-7 significantly induced IL-2 receptor expression. |
| 9780 | 26055295 | These results contribute to an explanation of the mechanism of the mutual effects of IL-2 and IL-7 on enhancing DNA vaccine immunogenicity and provided a basis for further investigation on their mutual effects on adjuvant activity and immune regulation. |
| 9781 | 26072304 | Serum from chickens immunized with pVAX1-MIC2 and rEmMIC2 protein displayed significantly high levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β and IL-4 (P<0.05) compared to those of negative controls. |
| 9782 | 26082759 | Interleukin 2 (IL-2), for example, significantly stimulates the activation of CD8+ T cells and other immune cells. |
| 9783 | 26091502 | Low expression of activation marker CD69 and chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3 on memory T cells after 2009 H1N1 influenza A antigen stimulation in vitro following H1N1 vaccination of HIV-infected individuals. |
| 9784 | 26091502 | Cells collected just prior to vaccination and at 1 and 3 months afterwards were stimulated in vitro with dialyzed vaccine antigen and assayed by flow cytometry for cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-10, for degranulation marker CD107a, as well as phenotypes of memory T-cell subpopulations. |
| 9785 | 26091502 | However, by 3 months post-vaccination, in vitro antigen stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced greater expansion in controls of both CD4 and CD8 central memory and effector memory T cells, as well as higher expression of the activation marker CD69 and chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3 than in HIV+ subjects. |
| 9786 | 26091502 | We concluded CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells produce cytokines at comparable levels in both groups, whereas the expression after in vitro stimulation of molecules critical for cell migration to infection sites are lower in the HIV+ than in comparable controls. |
| 9787 | 26111521 | Enhanced protection was accompanied by increased multifunctional Th1 CD4(+) T cell responses, most notably by an elevated frequency of M. tuberculosis antigen-specific IL-2-producing CD4(+) T cells post-vaccination. |
| 9788 | 26123802 | Role of CD4+ Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Protection Induced by a Live Attenuated, Replicating Type I Vaccine Strain of Toxoplasma gondii. |
| 9789 | 26123802 | Intraperitoneal injection of Mic1.3KO induced a weak and transient influx of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells followed by recruitment/expansion of CD4(+) Foxp3(-) CD25(+) effector cells and control of the parasite at the site of infection. |
| 9790 | 26123802 | In contrast, injection of RH, the wild-type strain from which the vaccinal strain is derived, induced a low CD4(+) Foxp3(+) cell influx and uncontrolled multiplication of the parasites at this local site, followed by death of the mice. |
| 9791 | 26123802 | In addition, in vivo Treg induction in RH-infected mice with interleukin-2 (IL-2)/anti-IL-2 complexes induced control of the parasite and a TH1/Treg cytokine response similar to the response after Mic1.3KO vaccination. |
| 9792 | 26130856 | A potent lymphocyte-proliferation response and increased levels of interferon-γ, interleukin-2, and interleukin-6 in the plasma and in culture supernatants of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes from the vaccinated group suggested significant induction of the cell-mediated immune response in this group compared with the control group. |
| 9793 | 26133045 | A single immunization of mice with replication incompetent recombinant adenovirus vectors encoding for F or core antigens induces poor T cell responses and leads to generation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with low granzyme B (GrB) expression. |
| 9794 | 26133045 | Addition of exogenous IL-2 in in vitro cultures leads to partial recovery of GrB production, whereas immunization with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist poly I:C leads to complete restoration of GrB expression in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 9795 | 26137874 | HBsAg-specific T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry according to expression of activation markers CD40L and/or CD69, and the cytokines IFNγ, IL-2, TNFα, and IL-17. |
| 9796 | 26148331 | We observed that at d 3-4 post vaccination, 6 genes were down-regulated, namely APC, CD3G, FASLG, IL7, CD8A and TLR1. |
| 9797 | 26148331 | Meanwhile at 6-7 days post vaccination, 9 genes were significantly up-regulated, including RIPK2, TGFB1, MICB, SOCS1, IL2RA, MS4A1, PTPRC, IL2 and IL8. |
| 9798 | 26148331 | By days 12-15 the genes RIPK2, IL4, IL12B and TLR2 were overexpressed. |
| 9799 | 26169275 | In vitro infection of macrophages with live attenuated parasites (compared to that with wild-type [WT] L. donovani parasites) induced significantly higher production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-12 [IL-12], gamma interferon [IFN-γ], and IL-6), chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/CCL-2, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/CCL-3, and IP-10), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide, while concomitantly reducing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and arginase-1 activities, suggesting a dominant classically activated/M1 macrophage response. |
| 9800 | 26169275 | Similarly, parasitized splenic macrophages from live attenuated parasite-infected mice also demonstrated induction of an M1 macrophage phenotype, indicated by upregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12, and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 and downregulation of genes associated with the M2 phenotype, i.e., the IL-10, YM1, Arg-1, and MRC-1 genes, compared to WT L. donovani-infected mice. |
| 9801 | 26169275 | Furthermore, an ex vivo antigen presentation assay showed macrophages from live attenuated parasite-infected mice induced higher IFN-γ and IL-2 but significantly less IL-10 production by ovalbumin-specific CD4(+) T cells, resulting in proliferation of Th1 cells. |
| 9802 | 26175894 | A robust immune response to each component of the vaccine with polyfunctional CD4 TH1 cell responses characterized by production of antigen-specific interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and low levels of IL-5 and IL-10 was induced in immunized mice. |
| 9803 | 26175894 | We also demonstrate that CD4 T cells, but not CD8 T cells, are sufficient for protection against L. donovani infection in immunized mice. |
| 9804 | 26181095 | Serum from chickens immunized with pVAX1-MIC7 and rEmMIC7 displayed significantly high levels of interleukin-2, interferon-γ, IL-10, IL-17, tumour growth factor-β and IL-4 (P < .05) compared to those of negative controls. |
| 9805 | 26195801 | IL-15 receptor α signaling constrains the development of IL-17-producing γδ T cells. |
| 9806 | 26195801 | Here we examine the role of IL-15 and its unique receptor, IL-15Rα, in the development of IL-17-producing γδ (γδ-17) T cells. |
| 9807 | 26195801 | Phenotypic analysis has shown that CD44(high) γδ-17 cells express IL-15Rα and the common gamma chain (CD132), yet lack the IL-2/15Rβ chain (CD122). |
| 9808 | 26195801 | Finally, an analysis of neonatal thymi revealed that the CD44(lo/int) precursors of γδ-17 cells, which also expressed IL-15Rα, were increased in newborn mice deficient in IL-15Rα signaling, but not in IL-15 itself. |
| 9809 | 26204190 | Chimeric DNA vaccines co-expressing Eimeria acervulina macrophage migration inhibitory factor (E.MIF) and chicken IL-2 (IL-2) or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were constructed and their efficacies against E. acervulina were evaluated. |
| 9810 | 26230145 | Variants that enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and/or interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in enzyme-linked immunospot assays (29 cases overall) were subsequently tested by 7-day in vitro peptide stimulation for their effects on HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation and programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression. |
| 9811 | 26230145 | Heteroclitic variants enhanced HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation by >20% in 13/29 cases tested, reduced PD-1 expression on proliferating cells by 15-50% in 10 cases, and reduced PD-1 expression on proliferating cells by >50% in 3 cases. |
| 9812 | 26232344 | Pups immunized with Advax had significantly higher splenocyte influenza-stimulated IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 production by CBA and a 3-10 fold higher frequency of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 or IL-17 secreting T cells by ELISPOT. |
| 9813 | 26266750 | Furthermore, vaccination generated high antibody titers of 1:12,800 against serotypes 1, 2, and 10 strains and enhanced production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-4 in ducks. |
| 9814 | 26283355 | IL-2 and IL-15, members of the gamma chain (γc) family of cytokines, are prominently deregulated in HAM/TSP and underlie many of the characteristic immune abnormalities, such as spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SP), increased STAT5 phosphorylation in the lymphocytes, and increased frequency and cytotoxicity of virus-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes (CTLs). |
| 9815 | 26283355 | In this study, we describe a novel immunomodulatory strategy consisting of selective blockade of certain γc family cytokines, including IL-2 and IL-15, with a γc antagonistic peptide. |
| 9816 | 26283355 | This strategy is thus a promising therapeutic approach to HAM/TSP with the potential of being more effective than single monoclonal antibodies targeting either IL-2 or IL-15 receptors and safer than inhibitors of downstream signaling molecules such as JAK1 inhibitors. |
| 9817 | 26283355 | IL-2 and IL-15, members of the gamma chain (γc) family of cytokines, are prominently deregulated in HAM/TSP and underlie many of the characteristic immune abnormalities, such as spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SP), increased STAT5 phosphorylation in the lymphocytes, and increased frequency and cytotoxicity of virus-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes (CTLs). |
| 9818 | 26283355 | In this study, we describe a novel immunomodulatory strategy consisting of selective blockade of certain γc family cytokines, including IL-2 and IL-15, with a γc antagonistic peptide. |
| 9819 | 26283355 | This strategy is thus a promising therapeutic approach to HAM/TSP with the potential of being more effective than single monoclonal antibodies targeting either IL-2 or IL-15 receptors and safer than inhibitors of downstream signaling molecules such as JAK1 inhibitors. |
| 9820 | 26283355 | IL-2 and IL-15, members of the gamma chain (γc) family of cytokines, are prominently deregulated in HAM/TSP and underlie many of the characteristic immune abnormalities, such as spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SP), increased STAT5 phosphorylation in the lymphocytes, and increased frequency and cytotoxicity of virus-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes (CTLs). |
| 9821 | 26283355 | In this study, we describe a novel immunomodulatory strategy consisting of selective blockade of certain γc family cytokines, including IL-2 and IL-15, with a γc antagonistic peptide. |
| 9822 | 26283355 | This strategy is thus a promising therapeutic approach to HAM/TSP with the potential of being more effective than single monoclonal antibodies targeting either IL-2 or IL-15 receptors and safer than inhibitors of downstream signaling molecules such as JAK1 inhibitors. |
| 9823 | 26312747 | These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 9824 | 26324768 | FOXP3/NFAT interaction is required to repress expression of IL-2, upregulate expression of the Treg markers CTLA4 and CD25, and confer suppressor function to Tregs. |
| 9825 | 26324768 | Specific inhibition of FOXP3/NFAT interaction with this inhibitory peptide revealed that FOXP3 downregulates NFAT-driven promoter activity of CD40L and IL-17. |
| 9826 | 26324768 | Inhibition of FOXP3/NFAT interaction upregulated CD40L expression on effector T cells and enhanced T cell proliferation and IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, or IL-17 production in response to TCR stimulation. |
| 9827 | 26324768 | FOXP3/NFAT interaction is required to repress expression of IL-2, upregulate expression of the Treg markers CTLA4 and CD25, and confer suppressor function to Tregs. |
| 9828 | 26324768 | Specific inhibition of FOXP3/NFAT interaction with this inhibitory peptide revealed that FOXP3 downregulates NFAT-driven promoter activity of CD40L and IL-17. |
| 9829 | 26324768 | Inhibition of FOXP3/NFAT interaction upregulated CD40L expression on effector T cells and enhanced T cell proliferation and IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, or IL-17 production in response to TCR stimulation. |
| 9830 | 26334199 | Our results indicated that the indices of both thymus and bursa of fabricius, the intactness of tissue structure and development, the plasma levels of IL-2, IgA, IgG and IgM, the titres of ND antibody, and the levels of B and T lymphocyte subsets in HS group were all significantly lower than those in CK group (p < 0.05). |
| 9831 | 26343487 | Mice vaccinated with pSCA1/F had increased IL-2 and IL-10 levels after 24-h post first immunization. |
| 9832 | 26361864 | Furthermore, using flow cytometry based intracellular cytokine staining (ICCS) assay HIV-1C specific IL-2 responses were detected in immunized mice that were mediated by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 9833 | 26363555 | The rBCG::XB not only elicited the more durable multistage antigen-specific CD4(+)Th1-biased immune responses and specific polyfunctional CD4(+)T cells but also augmented the CD8(+) CTL effects against Ag85B in vivo. |
| 9834 | 26363555 | In particular, higher levels of CD4(+) TEM and CD8(+) TCM cells, dominated by IL2(+) CD4(+) and CD8(+) TCM cells, were obtained in the spleen of rBCG::XB vaccinated mice. |
| 9835 | 26373843 | It was shown that direct injection of LV-Ub-HBcAg increased the production of cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ, elicited strong antibody responses, and remarkably generated a high percentage of IFN-γ+CD8+ T cells with HBV-specific CTL responses in BALB/c mice. |
| 9836 | 26382600 | Immunized ducks triggered Omp-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA responses and raised IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in the serum coupled with IL-4 suppression. |
| 9837 | 26398499 | The synthesized bis-heterocycles (8a-l) were subjected to in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assays followed by in vivo studies of the more active compounds (8g and 8h) to assess their influence on various aspects of the immune system like ex vivo splenocyte proliferation (T- and B-cell proliferation), antibody production (HA titer), delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, T-cell subtypes (CD4 and CD8), cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4), NO (macrophage) production, and toxic effects. |
| 9838 | 26399380 | When antigens are presented by APCs, including macrophages and DCs, T cells are activated and produce the Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ. |
| 9839 | 26410627 | IL-2-mediated activation of the Akt kinase and mTORc1 signaling was both necessary and sufficient to shift differentiation away from Tfh cells, instead promoting that of Th1 cells. |
| 9840 | 26424604 | Multicolor flow cytometry was used to evaluate expression of CD4, CD25, and intracellular Foxp3 on PBMCs. |
| 9841 | 26424604 | Cell culture supernatants from BSA re-stimulated lymphocytes were evaluated for concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ. |
| 9842 | 26439698 | PPE26 functionally stimulates macrophage activation by augmenting pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40) and the expression of cell surface markers (CD80, CD86, MHC class I and II). |
| 9843 | 26439698 | We observed that PPE26-treated macrophages effectively polarizes naïve CD4(+) T cells to up-regulate CXCR3 expression, and to secrete IFN-γ and IL-2, indicating PPE26 contributes to the Th1 polarization during the immune response. |
| 9844 | 26439698 | Moreover, PPE26 effectively induces the reciprocal expansion of effector/memory CD4(+)/CD8(+) CD44(high)CD62L(low) T cells in the spleens of mice immunized with this strain. |
| 9845 | 26450390 | ELISpot is also able to quantify other cytokines secreted by antigen-specific T-cells, such as interleukin-2, interleukin-5, and other interleukins. |
| 9846 | 26450924 | Additionally, the vaccine redirected Th2 (T-helper cell type 2) responses toward Th1 (T-helper cell type 1) responses with increases in IL-2, IFN-γ expression and decreases in IL-4 and IL-5 expression after immunization with tumour-Gal with CpG1826. |
| 9847 | 26453748 | The Quantity of Autocrine IL-2 Governs the Expansion Potential of CD8+ T Cells. |
| 9848 | 26453748 | In this study, we show in mouse models that the relative number of IL-2-producing cells within Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations predicts the population expansion capacity upon challenge. |
| 9849 | 26453748 | Notably, we show that elevated production of IL-2 by CD8(+) T cells results in concomitant improved population expansion capacity and immunity. |
| 9850 | 26453748 | The amount of IL-2 produced on a per-cell basis essentially connects directly to the superior CD8(+) T cell population expansion. |
| 9851 | 26453748 | Together, our findings identified that autocrine IL-2 production operates in a dose-dependent fashion to facilitate the expansion potential of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations, which may instigate ways to augment therapies depending on fit CD8(+) T cells. |
| 9852 | 26453748 | The Quantity of Autocrine IL-2 Governs the Expansion Potential of CD8+ T Cells. |
| 9853 | 26453748 | In this study, we show in mouse models that the relative number of IL-2-producing cells within Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations predicts the population expansion capacity upon challenge. |
| 9854 | 26453748 | Notably, we show that elevated production of IL-2 by CD8(+) T cells results in concomitant improved population expansion capacity and immunity. |
| 9855 | 26453748 | The amount of IL-2 produced on a per-cell basis essentially connects directly to the superior CD8(+) T cell population expansion. |
| 9856 | 26453748 | Together, our findings identified that autocrine IL-2 production operates in a dose-dependent fashion to facilitate the expansion potential of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations, which may instigate ways to augment therapies depending on fit CD8(+) T cells. |
| 9857 | 26453748 | The Quantity of Autocrine IL-2 Governs the Expansion Potential of CD8+ T Cells. |
| 9858 | 26453748 | In this study, we show in mouse models that the relative number of IL-2-producing cells within Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations predicts the population expansion capacity upon challenge. |
| 9859 | 26453748 | Notably, we show that elevated production of IL-2 by CD8(+) T cells results in concomitant improved population expansion capacity and immunity. |
| 9860 | 26453748 | The amount of IL-2 produced on a per-cell basis essentially connects directly to the superior CD8(+) T cell population expansion. |
| 9861 | 26453748 | Together, our findings identified that autocrine IL-2 production operates in a dose-dependent fashion to facilitate the expansion potential of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations, which may instigate ways to augment therapies depending on fit CD8(+) T cells. |
| 9862 | 26453748 | The Quantity of Autocrine IL-2 Governs the Expansion Potential of CD8+ T Cells. |
| 9863 | 26453748 | In this study, we show in mouse models that the relative number of IL-2-producing cells within Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations predicts the population expansion capacity upon challenge. |
| 9864 | 26453748 | Notably, we show that elevated production of IL-2 by CD8(+) T cells results in concomitant improved population expansion capacity and immunity. |
| 9865 | 26453748 | The amount of IL-2 produced on a per-cell basis essentially connects directly to the superior CD8(+) T cell population expansion. |
| 9866 | 26453748 | Together, our findings identified that autocrine IL-2 production operates in a dose-dependent fashion to facilitate the expansion potential of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations, which may instigate ways to augment therapies depending on fit CD8(+) T cells. |
| 9867 | 26453748 | The Quantity of Autocrine IL-2 Governs the Expansion Potential of CD8+ T Cells. |
| 9868 | 26453748 | In this study, we show in mouse models that the relative number of IL-2-producing cells within Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations predicts the population expansion capacity upon challenge. |
| 9869 | 26453748 | Notably, we show that elevated production of IL-2 by CD8(+) T cells results in concomitant improved population expansion capacity and immunity. |
| 9870 | 26453748 | The amount of IL-2 produced on a per-cell basis essentially connects directly to the superior CD8(+) T cell population expansion. |
| 9871 | 26453748 | Together, our findings identified that autocrine IL-2 production operates in a dose-dependent fashion to facilitate the expansion potential of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations, which may instigate ways to augment therapies depending on fit CD8(+) T cells. |
| 9872 | 26465323 | Specifically, Th1-specific cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α), CD40 ligand and the Th1 lineage-specifying transcription factor Tbet were determined upon stimulation with peptides covering the TBEV structural proteins contained in the vaccine (C-capsid, prM/M-membrane and E-envelope). |
| 9873 | 26465882 | The specific secretion of IL-10 in primary response and IL-2,IP-10,CCL14a, CCL21 in recall response was consistent with the activation of immune response process found in genes. |
| 9874 | 26465882 | Furthermore, the expression of MX1 and secretion of IP-10 in recall response were strongly correlated with NTAb level at 180d after vaccination (r = 0.81 and 0.99). |
| 9875 | 26466957 | We developed a flow cytometric assay to profile CD1-restricted T cells ex vivo and assessed T cell responses to five cell wall lipid Ags in a cross-sectional study of 19 M. tuberculosis-infected and 22 M. tuberculosis-uninfected South African adolescents. |
| 9876 | 26466957 | We show that CD1b-restricted T cells producing antimycobacterial cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α are detectable ex vivo in CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD4(-)CD8(-) T cell subsets. |
| 9877 | 26466957 | Glucose monomycolate was immunodominant among lipid Ags tested, and polyfunctional CD4 T cells specific for this lipid simultaneously expressed CD40L, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. |
| 9878 | 25503054 | Th17 cells were defined as IL-17+ CD4+ T cells and their function was assessed by the co-expression of IL-22, IL-2 and IFNγ. |