Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: IL3

Gene name: interleukin 3 (colony-stimulating factor, multiple)

HGNC ID: 6011

Synonyms: IL-3, MULTI-CSF, MCGF, MGC79398, MGC79399

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ACE	1 hits
2	AGTR2	1 hits
3	AREG	1 hits
4	BCL2L1	1 hits
5	CCL11	1 hits
6	CCL2	1 hits
7	CCL25	1 hits
8	CCL3	1 hits
9	CCL5	1 hits
10	CCR5	1 hits
11	CD1A	1 hits
12	CD209	1 hits
13	CD34	1 hits
14	CD4	1 hits
15	CD40	1 hits
16	CD44	1 hits
17	CD80	1 hits
18	CD86	1 hits
19	CD8A	1 hits
20	CRP	1 hits
21	CSF1	1 hits
22	CSF2	1 hits
23	CSF2RA	1 hits
24	CSF2RB	1 hits
25	CSF3	1 hits
26	CXCL11	1 hits
27	CXCL9	1 hits
28	EPO	1 hits
29	FASLG	1 hits
30	HGF	1 hits
31	HLA-A	1 hits
32	HLA-B	1 hits
33	HLA-DRB1	1 hits
34	ICAM1	1 hits
35	IFNA1	1 hits
36	IFNB1	1 hits
37	IFNG	1 hits
38	IL10	1 hits
39	IL10RA	1 hits
40	IL11	1 hits
41	IL12A	1 hits
42	IL13	1 hits
43	IL17A	1 hits
44	IL18RAP	1 hits
45	IL1A	1 hits
46	IL1B	1 hits
47	IL1RN	1 hits
48	IL2	1 hits
49	IL2RA	1 hits
50	IL3RA	1 hits
51	IL4	1 hits
52	IL5	1 hits
53	IL6	1 hits
54	IL7	1 hits
55	IL8	1 hits
56	IL9	1 hits
57	IRF1	1 hits
58	ITGAM	1 hits
59	IV	1 hits
60	KITLG	1 hits
61	LTA	1 hits
62	MAPK1	1 hits
63	MLANA	1 hits
64	SLC11A1	1 hits
65	STAT5A	1 hits
66	TGFB1	1 hits
67	THPO	1 hits
68	TLR3	1 hits
69	TNF	1 hits
70	TPO	1 hits
71	UBASH3B	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	1532378	On secondary exposure to schistosome antigen in vitro, these cells were capable of proliferating and secreting high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-3 (IL-3).
2	1532378	These cells secreted high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-3 in vitro, but not IL-2 and IL-4.
3	1532378	Moreover these cells failed to secrete IFN-gamma and IL-3.
4	1532378	On secondary exposure to schistosome antigen in vitro, these cells were capable of proliferating and secreting high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-3 (IL-3).
5	1532378	These cells secreted high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-3 in vitro, but not IL-2 and IL-4.
6	1532378	Moreover these cells failed to secrete IFN-gamma and IL-3.
7	1532378	On secondary exposure to schistosome antigen in vitro, these cells were capable of proliferating and secreting high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-3 (IL-3).
8	1532378	These cells secreted high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-3 in vitro, but not IL-2 and IL-4.
9	1532378	Moreover these cells failed to secrete IFN-gamma and IL-3.
10	1560752	Antigen-specific T lymphocytes were stimulated by CJ11 cells to proliferate and release interleukins (IL-2 and IL-3).
11	1560752	Thus, production of ML65hsp within the host cytoplasm resulted in association of the antigen with both MHC class I and MHC class II antigen-presenting structures and evoked both lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity towards the antigen-presenting cell.
12	1901883	In Leishmania major infections, cure vs progressive disease correlates with the expansion of Th1-like or Th2-like CD4+ populations, respectively.
13	1901883	Splenic lymphocytes from infected Lsh congenic C57BL/10 (Lshs;H-2b) and B10.L-Lshr (Lshr;H-2b) mice and MHC congenic non-curing B10.D2/n (Lshs;H-2d) mice were examined for the production of cytokines representative of these CD4+ populations (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma).
14	1901883	In the non-curing B10.D2/n strain, late phase of infection was associated with the decreased ability to produce cytokines in response to Ag and not with the production of IL-4 or IL-5 in response to Ag or mitogen.
15	1901883	Together, these data suggest that over-expansion of Th2-type cells and production of their specific cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) is not a contributing factor to the variable long term course of L. donovani infection in these strains of mice.
16	1910007	The production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-3 but not IL-4 was observed in both T cells mediating only DTH and those mediating DTH and ACR.
17	2017199	--is stimulated by PRFs such as interferon-gamma, IL-1, TNF, GM-CSF and IL-4.
18	2017199	The activation and expansion of T-lymphocytes requires IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and probably IL-7.
19	2017199	Likewise, the activation and expansion of B-lymphocytes is regulated by PRFs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and interferon-gamma.
20	2017199	Antibody class is critically influenced by particular PRFs, e.g. interferon-gamma regulates IgG2a; IL-4, IgE and IgG1; IL-5 and TGF-beta, IgA.
21	2017199	The recruitment and enhanced production and function of granulocytic and phagocytic cells involves a number of T-lymphocyte PRFs including GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-6.
22	2017199	IL-3 induces a mastocytosis and IL-5 an eosinophilia.
23	2017199	--is stimulated by PRFs such as interferon-gamma, IL-1, TNF, GM-CSF and IL-4.
24	2017199	The activation and expansion of T-lymphocytes requires IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and probably IL-7.
25	2017199	Likewise, the activation and expansion of B-lymphocytes is regulated by PRFs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and interferon-gamma.
26	2017199	Antibody class is critically influenced by particular PRFs, e.g. interferon-gamma regulates IgG2a; IL-4, IgE and IgG1; IL-5 and TGF-beta, IgA.
27	2017199	The recruitment and enhanced production and function of granulocytic and phagocytic cells involves a number of T-lymphocyte PRFs including GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-6.
28	2017199	IL-3 induces a mastocytosis and IL-5 an eosinophilia.
29	2049044	It is now believed that, at least in cutaneous leishmaniasis, Th2 subsets of CD4+ T cells are disease-promoting and they do so probably by producing IL-3 and IL-4 which inhibits the activation of macrophages by IFN-gamma.
30	2788514	T cell enrichment procedures and treatment with CD4+ mAb in vitro confirmed the T cell nature of the IL-3 producer population.
31	2939948	This was concomitant with restoration and maintenance of normal interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) levels and prevention of suppressor cell development in mice injected with both tumor cells and vaccine.
32	2939948	Our finding of C. parvum-induced maintenance of IL-2 and IL-3 levels and apparent lack of suppressor cell formation lends support to the idea of local C. parvum antitumor action possibly being mediated by CTL arising via the interleukin cascade.
33	2939948	This was concomitant with restoration and maintenance of normal interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) levels and prevention of suppressor cell development in mice injected with both tumor cells and vaccine.
34	2939948	Our finding of C. parvum-induced maintenance of IL-2 and IL-3 levels and apparent lack of suppressor cell formation lends support to the idea of local C. parvum antitumor action possibly being mediated by CTL arising via the interleukin cascade.
35	3097138	Although splenocytes from immunized P mice demonstrated deficiencies in production of macrophage-activating lymphokine(s) in response to either antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, other aspects of T lymphocyte responsiveness including blastogenesis, production of interleukin 2, interleukin 3 and macrophage chemotactic factor, as well as helper cell function for secondary plaque-forming cell response to a T-dependent antigen and allospecific cytolytic T cell reactivity, appeared to be comparable with those of C57BL/6 mice, a strain that is protected by vaccination against S. mansoni.
36	7553882	We have investigated the role of cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF) in the generation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), within a single tumor system.
37	7553882	Most cytokines stimulated nonspecific killers, but IL-2 and IL-3 stimulated primary CTL.
38	7553882	While IFN-gamma alone did not generate primary CTL, coexpression of IFN-gamma with IL-2 resulted in CTL generation.
39	7553882	We have investigated the role of cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF) in the generation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), within a single tumor system.
40	7553882	Most cytokines stimulated nonspecific killers, but IL-2 and IL-3 stimulated primary CTL.
41	7553882	While IFN-gamma alone did not generate primary CTL, coexpression of IFN-gamma with IL-2 resulted in CTL generation.
42	7875153	Potential role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as vaccine adjuvant.
43	7875153	Monkeys injected with human interleukin (IL)-3 plus GM-CSF, at a different injection site, developed peak antibody titres which were 8- to 30-fold higher than those in monkeys injected with IL-3 alone.
44	7875154	Prediction of the role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in animals and man from in vitro results.
45	7875154	Interleukin-3 (IL-3) increases the cellularity of the bone marrow and GM-CSF can induce mobilization of bone marrow cells into the peripheral blood.
46	7875154	Monkeys injected with recombinant human IL-3 and GM-CSF had increased antibody titres to human IL-3 compared with monkeys given IL-3 alone, suggesting a potential use of GM-CSF which was not predicted from its in vitro results, that of vaccine adjuvancy.
47	7875154	Prediction of the role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in animals and man from in vitro results.
48	7875154	Interleukin-3 (IL-3) increases the cellularity of the bone marrow and GM-CSF can induce mobilization of bone marrow cells into the peripheral blood.
49	7875154	Monkeys injected with recombinant human IL-3 and GM-CSF had increased antibody titres to human IL-3 compared with monkeys given IL-3 alone, suggesting a potential use of GM-CSF which was not predicted from its in vitro results, that of vaccine adjuvancy.
50	7916048	However, FIV-infected cats that were not exposed to immune stimuli had lower CD4+ T-lymphocyte numbers and lower CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratios at the end of the 3-year study than FIV-infected cats exposed to cofactors.
51	7916048	The latter also had normal levels of interleukin-3 receptor (IL-2R) and major histocompatibility class II (MHC-II) antigen expression on PBMCs, while FIV-infected cats not exposed to cofactors had up-regulated IL-2R and down-regulated MHC-II antigen expression.
52	7930610	Pooled mouse sera were analyzed by ELISA at various times after immunization for IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha.
53	7930610	In naive mice, vaccine alone induced low levels of IL-3 and IL-5 only; vaccine plus alum induced a low IL-6 response as well.
54	7930610	The MF59-based adjuvants significantly increased the IL-5 and IL-6 levels, whereas Quil A LTC induced strong IFN-gamma and measurable IL-2 responses, in addition to moderate IL-5 and IL-6.
55	7930610	In previously infected mice, MF59 and MF59/MTP-PE were capable of generating IFN-gamma responses, as well as IL-5 and IL-6.
56	7930610	Pooled mouse sera were analyzed by ELISA at various times after immunization for IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha.
57	7930610	In naive mice, vaccine alone induced low levels of IL-3 and IL-5 only; vaccine plus alum induced a low IL-6 response as well.
58	7930610	The MF59-based adjuvants significantly increased the IL-5 and IL-6 levels, whereas Quil A LTC induced strong IFN-gamma and measurable IL-2 responses, in addition to moderate IL-5 and IL-6.
59	7930610	In previously infected mice, MF59 and MF59/MTP-PE were capable of generating IFN-gamma responses, as well as IL-5 and IL-6.
60	7958065	IL-3 acted through paracrine and endocrine pathways to induce largely a granulocyte infiltrate into tumours and through an autocrine pathway to increase major histocompatibility complex class I expression on both tumour types and CD44 expression on one.
61	8056039	Two patterns of cytokine synthesis were induced by TT: (i) T lymphocytes expressed a number of lymphokines (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta), each with distinct kinetics of synthesis.
62	8056039	Cells producing IL-2, IFN-gamma and particularly TNF-beta dominated this in vitro response.
63	8056039	The addition of IL-2 to the cultures caused a fourfold increase and a kinetics shift in the production of TNF-beta, which peaked already at 24 h.
64	8056039	Exogenously added IL-2 also caused a five- to tenfold increase in the number of IL-2 and IFN-gamma producers but no apparent change in the kinetics of intracellular lymphokine appearance.
65	8056039	(ii) The cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were produced by monocytes.
66	8122929	From 14 days post-vaccination, lavage samples contain infiltrating lymphocytes which produce abundant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-3 (IL-3).
67	8122929	Challenge of vaccinated mice results in a second influx of IFN-gamma- and IL-3-secreting cells into the airways, earlier than after vaccination alone, or in appropriate controls.
68	8122929	Ablation studies reveal that CD4+ T cells are the source of the IFN-gamma.
69	8122929	From 14 days post-vaccination, lavage samples contain infiltrating lymphocytes which produce abundant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-3 (IL-3).
70	8122929	Challenge of vaccinated mice results in a second influx of IFN-gamma- and IL-3-secreting cells into the airways, earlier than after vaccination alone, or in appropriate controls.
71	8122929	Ablation studies reveal that CD4+ T cells are the source of the IFN-gamma.
72	8288319	IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) remained undetectable in both instances.
73	8288319	Spleen cells taken at intervals after infection and cultured with brucella antigens produced high titres of IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-alpha.
74	8288319	Of the characteristically T-cell-derived lymphokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production rose 2 weeks after infection, peaking at 6 weeks, while IL-2 was not detected until 6 weeks post-infection.
75	8288319	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was produced in substantial amounts, but IL-3 production was minimal.
76	8288319	In contrast, spleen cells from mice immunized with SBP produced IL-2 but failed to produce IFN-gamma.
77	8376800	The airway T cells persist at elevated levels at least up to 10 wk and will secrete IFN-gamma and IL-3 upon antigenic stimulation in vitro.
78	8376800	We report here that more CD4+ T cells from the airways responded rapidly to mitogen by up-regulating the p55 subunit of the IL-2R than did splenocytes from the same animal, suggesting that the bulk of the pulmonary Th infiltrate comprised previously activated cells.
79	8376800	Virtually all of the pulmonary CD4+ T cells expressed high levels of the memory marker CD44 (Pgp-1), in contrast with the situation in the draining LN and circulation where only a minority were in that category.
80	8605926	CD34+ cells were cultured ex vivo in medium containing stem cell factor, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-3, IL-6, and erythropoietin (EPO).
81	8816812	To determine what barriers the "immunologically privileged" CNS would pose to cytokine-assisted tumor vaccines and what cytokines would be most efficacious against tumors within the CNS, we irradiated B16 murine melanoma cells producing murine interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, gamma-interferon, or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and used these cells as subcutaneous vaccines against tumors within the brain.
82	8816812	Under conditions where untransfected B16 cells had no effect, cells producing IL-3, IL-6, or GM-CSF increased the survival of mice challenged with viable B16 cells in the brain.
83	8816812	Vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-4 or gamma-interferon had no effect, and vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-2 decreased survival time.
84	8816812	The response elicited by GM-CSF-producing vaccines was found to be specific to tumor type and to be abrogated by depletion of CD8+ cells.
85	8816812	Unlike the immunity generated against subcutaneous tumors by GM-CSF, however, the effector responses generated against tumors in the CNS were not dependent on CD4+ cells.
86	8816812	To determine what barriers the "immunologically privileged" CNS would pose to cytokine-assisted tumor vaccines and what cytokines would be most efficacious against tumors within the CNS, we irradiated B16 murine melanoma cells producing murine interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, gamma-interferon, or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and used these cells as subcutaneous vaccines against tumors within the brain.
87	8816812	Under conditions where untransfected B16 cells had no effect, cells producing IL-3, IL-6, or GM-CSF increased the survival of mice challenged with viable B16 cells in the brain.
88	8816812	Vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-4 or gamma-interferon had no effect, and vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-2 decreased survival time.
89	8816812	The response elicited by GM-CSF-producing vaccines was found to be specific to tumor type and to be abrogated by depletion of CD8+ cells.
90	8816812	Unlike the immunity generated against subcutaneous tumors by GM-CSF, however, the effector responses generated against tumors in the CNS were not dependent on CD4+ cells.
91	8839846	Here, we show that the sequential use of early-acting hematopoietic growth factors, stem cell factor, interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-6, followed on day 8 by differentiation in the two-factor combination IL-4 plus granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (CC4GM) is more efficient and allows the cells to be arrested in the LC stage for more than 1 week while continuous maturation occurs in CC7-7.
92	8839846	LC were CD1a+2 DR+2, CD23+, CD36+, CD80-, CD86-, and CD25-, while DC were CD1a+/- DR+3, CD23-, CD36-, CD80+, CD86+2, and CD25+, CD40 and CD32 were moderately expressed and nearly unchanged on maturation, in contrast to monocyte-derived DC.
93	9282170	Addition of HGFs increased the median TE 1.8-fold with stem cell factor alone and 2.6-fold with SCF, interleukin-3 and GM-CSF.
94	9282170	In an allogeneic mixed leukaemic cell/T lymphocyte reaction (MLLR) transduced AML cells enriched by immunoselection were able to stimulate allogeneic T cells (CD4 and CD8 positive), which could be inhibited by a solubilised B7 receptor, CTLA4.Ig.
95	9637487	Recent studies have reported that APC can present particulate exogenous Ag in the context of class I MHC to CD8+ CTL, and our laboratory demonstrated that IL-3 could enhance CTL generation to exogenous Ag.
96	10216760	Six nucleic acids distinguished between IL3 and IL4, three of which were predicted to be expressed as amino acids.
97	10226738	Augmentation of the immune response with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and other hematopoietic growth factors.
98	10226738	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is by far the most widely used hematopoietic growth factor to augment immune responses.
99	10226738	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor can be delivered as gene-transduced tumor cells, as plasmid DNA, or as the soluble free granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor protein.
100	10226738	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor must be present at the same site as the vaccine component.
101	10226738	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor may also augment the effect of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies by enhancing various effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and amplifying an idiotypic network response (i.e., antitumor immunity).
102	10395703	Production of IFN-gamma, IL-3, and IL-5 by liver cells was also markedly reduced after i.n. treatment of CTB-Sm28GST, whereas IL-4 production was not impaired.
103	10760827	We have shown that the sequential use of early-acting hematopoietic growth factors, stem cell factor, IL-3 and IL-6, followed by differentiation with IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor allows the in vitro generation of large numbers of immature DCs from CD34(+) peripheral blood progenitor cells.
104	10760827	Fourteen HLA-A1(+) or HLA-A2(+) patients received at least 4 i.v. infusions of 5 x 10(6) to 5 x 10(7) DCs pulsed with a pool of peptides including either MAGE-1, MAGE-3 (HLA-A1) or Melan-A, gp100, tyrosinase (HLA-A2), depending on the HLA haplotype.
105	10975678	Systemic IL-3 vaccine treatment increased intratumoral levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, Mac-1, EB22/5.3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1 mRNA in irradiated tumors, indicating that cellular infiltration was part of the response.
106	11282986	Differential effect of CD8(+) and CD8(-) dendritic cells in the stimulation of secondary CD4(+) T cells.
107	11282986	Subsets of mature murine DC isolated directly from the spleen have been shown to differ in their ability to induce proliferative responses in both primary CD4(+) and primary CD8(+) T cells; the myeloid-related CD8alpha(-) DC induce a more intense or prolonged proliferation of naive T cells than do the lymphoid-related DC bearing CD8alpha despite similar expression of MHC and co-stimulatory molecules.
108	11282986	We show that influenza virus-specific CD4(+) T cell clones and splenic T cells from peptide-primed animals proliferated in response to antigen presented by separated splenic CD8(-) DC.
109	11282986	The differential between the two DC types in inducing proliferation was even more pronounced than previously seen with primary T cells and did not reflect differential longevity of the DC in culture, altered response kinetics or deviation from IL-2 to IL-4 induction with CD8(+) DC, but was related to the levels of IL-2 induced.
110	11282986	These results show that lymphoid-related CD8(+) splenic DC, despite their mature phenotype, fail to provide appropriate signals to secondary CD4(+) T cells to sustain their proliferation.
111	11714768	IL-3 induces B7.2 (CD86) expression and costimulatory activity in human eosinophils.
112	11714768	IL-5 and GM-CSF induce MHC class II and B7 expression on eosinophils and have been reported in some studies to induce eosinophils to present Ag to T cells.
113	11714768	The cytokine IL-3, like IL-5 and GM-CSF, is a survival and activating factor for eosinophils and the IL-3 receptor shares with the IL-5 and GM-CSF receptors a common signal transducing beta-chain.
114	11714768	IL-3-treated eosinophils expressed HLA-DR and B7.2, but not B7.1 on their surface and supported T cell proliferation in response to the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, as well as the proliferation of HLA-DR-restricted tetanus toxoid (TT) and influenza hemagglutinin-specific T cell clones to antigenic peptides.
115	11714768	In parallel experiments, eosinophils treated with IL-5 or GM-CSF were also found to present superantigen and antigenic peptides, but not native Ag, to T cells.
116	11714768	IL-3 induces B7.2 (CD86) expression and costimulatory activity in human eosinophils.
117	11714768	IL-5 and GM-CSF induce MHC class II and B7 expression on eosinophils and have been reported in some studies to induce eosinophils to present Ag to T cells.
118	11714768	The cytokine IL-3, like IL-5 and GM-CSF, is a survival and activating factor for eosinophils and the IL-3 receptor shares with the IL-5 and GM-CSF receptors a common signal transducing beta-chain.
119	11714768	IL-3-treated eosinophils expressed HLA-DR and B7.2, but not B7.1 on their surface and supported T cell proliferation in response to the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, as well as the proliferation of HLA-DR-restricted tetanus toxoid (TT) and influenza hemagglutinin-specific T cell clones to antigenic peptides.
120	11714768	In parallel experiments, eosinophils treated with IL-5 or GM-CSF were also found to present superantigen and antigenic peptides, but not native Ag, to T cells.
121	11714768	IL-3 induces B7.2 (CD86) expression and costimulatory activity in human eosinophils.
122	11714768	IL-5 and GM-CSF induce MHC class II and B7 expression on eosinophils and have been reported in some studies to induce eosinophils to present Ag to T cells.
123	11714768	The cytokine IL-3, like IL-5 and GM-CSF, is a survival and activating factor for eosinophils and the IL-3 receptor shares with the IL-5 and GM-CSF receptors a common signal transducing beta-chain.
124	11714768	IL-3-treated eosinophils expressed HLA-DR and B7.2, but not B7.1 on their surface and supported T cell proliferation in response to the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, as well as the proliferation of HLA-DR-restricted tetanus toxoid (TT) and influenza hemagglutinin-specific T cell clones to antigenic peptides.
125	11714768	In parallel experiments, eosinophils treated with IL-5 or GM-CSF were also found to present superantigen and antigenic peptides, but not native Ag, to T cells.
126	12149423	CD1a(+) DC derived from precursors, expanded in fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3-L), stem-cell factor (SCF), interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-6, were less potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) compared to CD1a(+) DC derived from precursors expanded in Flt3-L, trombopoietine (TPO), and SCF.
127	12149423	Furthermore, the latter produced high levels of IL-12 and low levels of IL-10, a cytokine profile favorable for the priming cytotoxic T cells.
128	12149423	In contrast, a mean increase of total cell number of 453-fold was obtained with Flt3-L, SCF, IL-3, and IL-6, and this increase was only 38-fold with Flt3-L, TPO, and SCF.
129	12149423	CD1a(+) DC derived from precursors, expanded in fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3-L), stem-cell factor (SCF), interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-6, were less potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) compared to CD1a(+) DC derived from precursors expanded in Flt3-L, trombopoietine (TPO), and SCF.
130	12149423	Furthermore, the latter produced high levels of IL-12 and low levels of IL-10, a cytokine profile favorable for the priming cytotoxic T cells.
131	12149423	In contrast, a mean increase of total cell number of 453-fold was obtained with Flt3-L, SCF, IL-3, and IL-6, and this increase was only 38-fold with Flt3-L, TPO, and SCF.
132	12536236	The ability of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells to acquire dendritic cell (DC)-like characteristics in vitro with a rapid culture method based either on the phorbol ester PMA or calcium ionophores has been studied in comparison to conventional AML-DC cultures with the cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-3 (IL-3), SCF, FLT3-L and IL-4.
133	12536236	The most mature APC were generated by calcium ionophore A23187 plus IL-4, as evidenced by the higher expression of CD40, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR.
134	12733143	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined.
135	12733143	In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10.
136	12733143	This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8.
137	12733143	Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases.
138	12733143	Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage.
139	12733143	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined.
140	12733143	In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10.
141	12733143	This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8.
142	12733143	Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases.
143	12733143	Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage.
144	12733143	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined.
145	12733143	In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10.
146	12733143	This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8.
147	12733143	Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases.
148	12733143	Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage.
149	15128839	The Dsg3-specific Tr1 cells secreted IL-10, TGF-beta, and IL-5 upon Ag stimulation, proliferated in response to IL-2 but not to Dsg3 or mitogenic stimuli, and inhibited the proliferative response of Dsg3- and tetanus toxoid-responsive Th clones in an Ag-specific (Dsg3) and cell number-dependent manner.
150	15128839	Moreover, their inhibitory effect was blocked by Ab against IL-10, TGF-beta, and by paraformaldehyde fixation.
151	15128839	These observations strongly suggest that 1) Dsg3-responsive Tr1 cells predominate in healthy individuals, 2) their growth requires the presence of IL-2, and 3) they exert their Dsg3-dependent inhibitory function by the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-beta.
152	15265893	There are two principle subsets of dendritic cells (DCs); CD11c(+)CD123(-) myeloid DCs (MDCs) and CD11c(-)CD123(+) plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs).
153	15265893	Using lineage (Lin) markers to exclude non-DCs, Lin(-)HLA-DR(+)CD11c(+)CD123(-) MDCs and Lin(-)HLA-DR(+)CD11c(-)CD123(+) PDCs were identified in the blood of uninfected macaques and healthy macaques infected with SIV or simian-human immunodeficiency virus.
154	15265893	Overnight culture of DC-enriched Lin-depleted cells increased CD80 and CD86 expression.
155	15265893	IL-12 production and CD80/CD86 expression by MDC/PDC mixtures was further enhanced by CD40L and ISS-ODN treatment.
156	15265893	A CpG-B ISS-ODN increased CD80/CD86 expression by PDCs, but resulted in little IFN-alpha secretion unless IL-3 was added.
157	15265893	In contrast, a CpG-C ISS-ODN and aldrithiol-2-inactivated (AT-2) SIV induced considerable PDC activation and IFN-alpha release without needing exogenous IL-3.
158	15265893	The CpG-C ISS-ODN also stimulated IL-12 release (unlike AT-2 SIV) and augmented DC immunostimulatory activity, increasing SIV-specific T cell IFN-gamma production induced by AT-2 SIV-presenting MDC/PDC-enriched mixtures.
159	15265893	These data highlight the functional capacities of MDCs and PDCs in naive as well as healthy, infected macaques, revealing a promising CpG-C ISS-ODN-driven DC activation strategy that boosts immune function to augment preventative and therapeutic vaccine efficacy.
160	15265893	There are two principle subsets of dendritic cells (DCs); CD11c(+)CD123(-) myeloid DCs (MDCs) and CD11c(-)CD123(+) plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs).
161	15265893	Using lineage (Lin) markers to exclude non-DCs, Lin(-)HLA-DR(+)CD11c(+)CD123(-) MDCs and Lin(-)HLA-DR(+)CD11c(-)CD123(+) PDCs were identified in the blood of uninfected macaques and healthy macaques infected with SIV or simian-human immunodeficiency virus.
162	15265893	Overnight culture of DC-enriched Lin-depleted cells increased CD80 and CD86 expression.
163	15265893	IL-12 production and CD80/CD86 expression by MDC/PDC mixtures was further enhanced by CD40L and ISS-ODN treatment.
164	15265893	A CpG-B ISS-ODN increased CD80/CD86 expression by PDCs, but resulted in little IFN-alpha secretion unless IL-3 was added.
165	15265893	In contrast, a CpG-C ISS-ODN and aldrithiol-2-inactivated (AT-2) SIV induced considerable PDC activation and IFN-alpha release without needing exogenous IL-3.
166	15265893	The CpG-C ISS-ODN also stimulated IL-12 release (unlike AT-2 SIV) and augmented DC immunostimulatory activity, increasing SIV-specific T cell IFN-gamma production induced by AT-2 SIV-presenting MDC/PDC-enriched mixtures.
167	15265893	These data highlight the functional capacities of MDCs and PDCs in naive as well as healthy, infected macaques, revealing a promising CpG-C ISS-ODN-driven DC activation strategy that boosts immune function to augment preventative and therapeutic vaccine efficacy.
168	15342937	Selective generation of different dendritic cell precursors from CD34+ cells by interleukin-6 and interleukin-3.
169	15342937	Several cytokines, especially stem cell factor (SCF) and FLT3-ligand (FL), have been identified as essential to produce large numbers of myeloid precursors and even to increase DC yield obtained by the action of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).
170	15342937	We report here that in the absence of serum, SCF, FL, and thrombopoietin (TPO) plus interleukin-6 (IL-6) and SCF, FL, and TPO plus IL-3 were able to generate CD14+CD1a- and CD14- CD1a+ myeloid DC precursors from CD34+ cells, but IL-6 had an inhibitory effect on the generation of CD14- CD1a+ cells.
171	15342937	Both DC precursors differentiated into mature DCs by GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-alpha, and DCs obtained from both types of culture exhibited equal allostimulatory capacity.
172	15342937	CD1a+ DCs generated could be identified on the basis of DC-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) expression, a novel C-type lectin receptor expressed on dermal DCs but not on Langerhans cells.
173	15342937	In addition, the inclusion of IL-3 to the culture medium induced the appearance of CD13- cells that differentiated into plasmacytoid DC (DC2) on the addition of TNF-alpha, allowing the identification of developmental stages of DC2.
174	15342937	Selective generation of different dendritic cell precursors from CD34+ cells by interleukin-6 and interleukin-3.
175	15342937	Several cytokines, especially stem cell factor (SCF) and FLT3-ligand (FL), have been identified as essential to produce large numbers of myeloid precursors and even to increase DC yield obtained by the action of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).
176	15342937	We report here that in the absence of serum, SCF, FL, and thrombopoietin (TPO) plus interleukin-6 (IL-6) and SCF, FL, and TPO plus IL-3 were able to generate CD14+CD1a- and CD14- CD1a+ myeloid DC precursors from CD34+ cells, but IL-6 had an inhibitory effect on the generation of CD14- CD1a+ cells.
177	15342937	Both DC precursors differentiated into mature DCs by GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-alpha, and DCs obtained from both types of culture exhibited equal allostimulatory capacity.
178	15342937	CD1a+ DCs generated could be identified on the basis of DC-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) expression, a novel C-type lectin receptor expressed on dermal DCs but not on Langerhans cells.
179	15342937	In addition, the inclusion of IL-3 to the culture medium induced the appearance of CD13- cells that differentiated into plasmacytoid DC (DC2) on the addition of TNF-alpha, allowing the identification of developmental stages of DC2.
180	15342937	Selective generation of different dendritic cell precursors from CD34+ cells by interleukin-6 and interleukin-3.
181	15342937	Several cytokines, especially stem cell factor (SCF) and FLT3-ligand (FL), have been identified as essential to produce large numbers of myeloid precursors and even to increase DC yield obtained by the action of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).
182	15342937	We report here that in the absence of serum, SCF, FL, and thrombopoietin (TPO) plus interleukin-6 (IL-6) and SCF, FL, and TPO plus IL-3 were able to generate CD14+CD1a- and CD14- CD1a+ myeloid DC precursors from CD34+ cells, but IL-6 had an inhibitory effect on the generation of CD14- CD1a+ cells.
183	15342937	Both DC precursors differentiated into mature DCs by GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-alpha, and DCs obtained from both types of culture exhibited equal allostimulatory capacity.
184	15342937	CD1a+ DCs generated could be identified on the basis of DC-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) expression, a novel C-type lectin receptor expressed on dermal DCs but not on Langerhans cells.
185	15342937	In addition, the inclusion of IL-3 to the culture medium induced the appearance of CD13- cells that differentiated into plasmacytoid DC (DC2) on the addition of TNF-alpha, allowing the identification of developmental stages of DC2.
186	15625761	[The anti-leukemia effects of IL-2 and IL-3 genes co-transfected leukemia vaccine].
187	15730392	Mature dendritic cells differentiated in the presence of interferon-beta and interleukin-3 prime functional antigen-specific CD8 T cells.
188	15730392	Monocytes incubated in the presence of interferon (IFN)-beta and interleukin (IL)-3 give rise to a distinct type of DCs (IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs) that are particularly efficient at eliciting IFN-gamma and IL-5 production by allogeneic helper T cells.
189	15730392	We assessed the capacity of this new type of DCs to prime antigen-specific naive CD8(+) T cells and compared them to the conventional DCs differentiated in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 (GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs).
190	15730392	We demonstrate that IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs matured by TLR3 or CD40 ligation efficiently prime Melan-A(26-35)-specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro, at a similar level as GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs.
191	15730392	Activated antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma and displayed potent cytotoxic activity against peptide-pulsed target cells.
192	15730392	Expansion of CD8(+) T cell numbers was generally higher following priming with CD40-L than with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) matured DCs.
193	15730392	These data indicate that IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs represent a promising cell population for the immunotherapy of cancer.
194	15730392	Mature dendritic cells differentiated in the presence of interferon-beta and interleukin-3 prime functional antigen-specific CD8 T cells.
195	15730392	Monocytes incubated in the presence of interferon (IFN)-beta and interleukin (IL)-3 give rise to a distinct type of DCs (IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs) that are particularly efficient at eliciting IFN-gamma and IL-5 production by allogeneic helper T cells.
196	15730392	We assessed the capacity of this new type of DCs to prime antigen-specific naive CD8(+) T cells and compared them to the conventional DCs differentiated in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 (GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs).
197	15730392	We demonstrate that IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs matured by TLR3 or CD40 ligation efficiently prime Melan-A(26-35)-specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro, at a similar level as GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs.
198	15730392	Activated antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma and displayed potent cytotoxic activity against peptide-pulsed target cells.
199	15730392	Expansion of CD8(+) T cell numbers was generally higher following priming with CD40-L than with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) matured DCs.
200	15730392	These data indicate that IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs represent a promising cell population for the immunotherapy of cancer.
201	15730392	Mature dendritic cells differentiated in the presence of interferon-beta and interleukin-3 prime functional antigen-specific CD8 T cells.
202	15730392	Monocytes incubated in the presence of interferon (IFN)-beta and interleukin (IL)-3 give rise to a distinct type of DCs (IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs) that are particularly efficient at eliciting IFN-gamma and IL-5 production by allogeneic helper T cells.
203	15730392	We assessed the capacity of this new type of DCs to prime antigen-specific naive CD8(+) T cells and compared them to the conventional DCs differentiated in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 (GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs).
204	15730392	We demonstrate that IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs matured by TLR3 or CD40 ligation efficiently prime Melan-A(26-35)-specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro, at a similar level as GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs.
205	15730392	Activated antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma and displayed potent cytotoxic activity against peptide-pulsed target cells.
206	15730392	Expansion of CD8(+) T cell numbers was generally higher following priming with CD40-L than with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) matured DCs.
207	15730392	These data indicate that IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs represent a promising cell population for the immunotherapy of cancer.
208	15730392	Mature dendritic cells differentiated in the presence of interferon-beta and interleukin-3 prime functional antigen-specific CD8 T cells.
209	15730392	Monocytes incubated in the presence of interferon (IFN)-beta and interleukin (IL)-3 give rise to a distinct type of DCs (IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs) that are particularly efficient at eliciting IFN-gamma and IL-5 production by allogeneic helper T cells.
210	15730392	We assessed the capacity of this new type of DCs to prime antigen-specific naive CD8(+) T cells and compared them to the conventional DCs differentiated in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 (GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs).
211	15730392	We demonstrate that IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs matured by TLR3 or CD40 ligation efficiently prime Melan-A(26-35)-specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro, at a similar level as GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs.
212	15730392	Activated antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma and displayed potent cytotoxic activity against peptide-pulsed target cells.
213	15730392	Expansion of CD8(+) T cell numbers was generally higher following priming with CD40-L than with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) matured DCs.
214	15730392	These data indicate that IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs represent a promising cell population for the immunotherapy of cancer.
215	15864589	Immunostimulatory properties of human dendritic cells generated using IFN-beta associated either with IL-3 or GM-CSF.
216	15864589	In the present study, we analyze the features of type I IFNs DC generated in the presence of either IL-3 (IL-3-DC) or GM-CSF (GM-CSF-DC) and compare their capacity to respond to poly(I:C) and to subsequently trigger T-cell activation.
217	15864589	After poly(I:C) maturation, both DC types display a marked upregulation of CD80, CD83 and CD86 and the same pattern of gene expression.
218	15864589	Priming of autologous T cells by IL-3-DC or GM-CSF-DC pulsed with an HLA-A2 restricted melan-A derived peptide, lead to the expansion of peptide specific CTL secreting high amounts of IFN-gamma.
219	15864589	We conclude that poly(I:C) matured IL-3-DC and GM-CSF-DC share similar phenotype and functional properties including the capacity to prime tumor-associated antigen specific CTL.
220	15864589	Immunostimulatory properties of human dendritic cells generated using IFN-beta associated either with IL-3 or GM-CSF.
221	15864589	In the present study, we analyze the features of type I IFNs DC generated in the presence of either IL-3 (IL-3-DC) or GM-CSF (GM-CSF-DC) and compare their capacity to respond to poly(I:C) and to subsequently trigger T-cell activation.
222	15864589	After poly(I:C) maturation, both DC types display a marked upregulation of CD80, CD83 and CD86 and the same pattern of gene expression.
223	15864589	Priming of autologous T cells by IL-3-DC or GM-CSF-DC pulsed with an HLA-A2 restricted melan-A derived peptide, lead to the expansion of peptide specific CTL secreting high amounts of IFN-gamma.
224	15864589	We conclude that poly(I:C) matured IL-3-DC and GM-CSF-DC share similar phenotype and functional properties including the capacity to prime tumor-associated antigen specific CTL.
225	15864589	Immunostimulatory properties of human dendritic cells generated using IFN-beta associated either with IL-3 or GM-CSF.
226	15864589	In the present study, we analyze the features of type I IFNs DC generated in the presence of either IL-3 (IL-3-DC) or GM-CSF (GM-CSF-DC) and compare their capacity to respond to poly(I:C) and to subsequently trigger T-cell activation.
227	15864589	After poly(I:C) maturation, both DC types display a marked upregulation of CD80, CD83 and CD86 and the same pattern of gene expression.
228	15864589	Priming of autologous T cells by IL-3-DC or GM-CSF-DC pulsed with an HLA-A2 restricted melan-A derived peptide, lead to the expansion of peptide specific CTL secreting high amounts of IFN-gamma.
229	15864589	We conclude that poly(I:C) matured IL-3-DC and GM-CSF-DC share similar phenotype and functional properties including the capacity to prime tumor-associated antigen specific CTL.
230	15864589	Immunostimulatory properties of human dendritic cells generated using IFN-beta associated either with IL-3 or GM-CSF.
231	15864589	In the present study, we analyze the features of type I IFNs DC generated in the presence of either IL-3 (IL-3-DC) or GM-CSF (GM-CSF-DC) and compare their capacity to respond to poly(I:C) and to subsequently trigger T-cell activation.
232	15864589	After poly(I:C) maturation, both DC types display a marked upregulation of CD80, CD83 and CD86 and the same pattern of gene expression.
233	15864589	Priming of autologous T cells by IL-3-DC or GM-CSF-DC pulsed with an HLA-A2 restricted melan-A derived peptide, lead to the expansion of peptide specific CTL secreting high amounts of IFN-gamma.
234	15864589	We conclude that poly(I:C) matured IL-3-DC and GM-CSF-DC share similar phenotype and functional properties including the capacity to prime tumor-associated antigen specific CTL.
235	16037410	Dendritic cells differentiated in the presence of IFN-{beta} and IL-3 are potent inducers of an antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response.
236	16037410	Classically, mature monocyte-derived DC are generated in vitro in the presence of interleukin (IL)-4, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and inflammatory cytokines (G4-DC).
237	16037410	Recently, it has been described that DC can also be generated in the presence of IL-3 and interferon (IFN)-beta and that these DC are efficiently matured using polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (I3-DC).
238	16037410	Phenotypic characterization of the DC revealed differences in the expression of the monocyte marker CD14 and the maturation marker CD83.
239	16037410	Low expression of CD14 and high expression of CD83 characterized G4-DC, whereas I3-DC displayed intermediate expression of CD14 and CD83.
240	16037410	Upon CD40 ligation, G4-DC produced lower amounts of IFN-alpha and pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine, similar amounts of IL-6, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta, and higher amounts of IL-12 p70, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and MIP-3beta than I3-DC.
241	16037410	Finally, in vitro stimulations showed that fresh and frozen peptide-loaded I3-DC are more potent inducers of Melan-A-specific CD8(+) T cell responses than G4-DC.
242	16037410	Dendritic cells differentiated in the presence of IFN-{beta} and IL-3 are potent inducers of an antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response.
243	16037410	Classically, mature monocyte-derived DC are generated in vitro in the presence of interleukin (IL)-4, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and inflammatory cytokines (G4-DC).
244	16037410	Recently, it has been described that DC can also be generated in the presence of IL-3 and interferon (IFN)-beta and that these DC are efficiently matured using polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (I3-DC).
245	16037410	Phenotypic characterization of the DC revealed differences in the expression of the monocyte marker CD14 and the maturation marker CD83.
246	16037410	Low expression of CD14 and high expression of CD83 characterized G4-DC, whereas I3-DC displayed intermediate expression of CD14 and CD83.
247	16037410	Upon CD40 ligation, G4-DC produced lower amounts of IFN-alpha and pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine, similar amounts of IL-6, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta, and higher amounts of IL-12 p70, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and MIP-3beta than I3-DC.
248	16037410	Finally, in vitro stimulations showed that fresh and frozen peptide-loaded I3-DC are more potent inducers of Melan-A-specific CD8(+) T cell responses than G4-DC.
249	16133111	A new dendritic cell vaccine generated with interleukin-3 and interferon-beta induces CD8+ T cell responses against NA17-A2 tumor peptide in melanoma patients.
250	16133111	We conclude that DC generated in type I-IFN represent an interesting alternative to DC generated in IL-4 and GM-CSF for cancer immunotherapy.
251	16443827	C274 induced macaque CD20(+) B cells to proliferate more strongly than CD40 ligand or CpG-B ISS-ODN.
252	16443827	Increased expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 by B cells was apparent within 24 h of exposure to C274 and persisted for up to 1 week.
253	16443827	C274-stimulated, B cell-enriched and peripheral blood mononuclear cell suspensions from naïve and immunodeficiency virus-infected monkeys secreted several cytokines [e.g., interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, IL-12, interferon-alpha] and chemokines [e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha/CCL3, IL-8/CXC chemokine ligand 8].
254	16457910	The adjuvant effect of IL-3 was compared to that of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-3 was shown to be at least as efficacious as GM-CSF.
255	16474424	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know.
256	16474424	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an important hematopoietic growth factor and immune modulator.
257	16645883	We are developing two fusion proteins consisting of a diphtheria toxin (DT) linked to either granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (DT388-GMCSF) or interleukin-3 (DT388-IL3).
258	16690948	We hypothesized that plasmacytoid dendritic cells, the cells that provide large amounts of IFN-alpha in response to Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists, are defective in neonates.
259	16690948	TLR9-stimulation of whole blood from adults and neonates resulted in comparable amounts of IFN-alpha production.
260	16690948	However, we observed small but significant differences in IFN-alpha production from purified CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells from neonates after stimulation with the TLR9 ligand CpG-DNA.
261	16690948	While purified CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells from adults up-regulated co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 with IL-3 alone those from neonates required the addition of CpG-DNA to reach adult levels.
262	17142751	We have shown that the CpG-C ISS-ODN C274 stimulates macaque blood dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells and augments SIV-specific IFN-gamma responses in vitro.
263	17142751	This was particularly apparent at the level of CD80 (less so CD86) expression by CD123(+) plasmacytoid DCs and was further boosted in the presence of additional C274 in vitro.
264	17142751	This was more pronounced when cells were exposed to additional stimuli in vitro, producing IFN-alpha, IL-3, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL8.
265	17142751	Elevated IFN-alpha, CCL2, and CCL5 were also detected in the plasma after C274 injection.
266	17332250	Functional specialization of human circulating CD16 and CD1c myeloid dendritic-cell subsets.
267	17332250	Human blood contains 2 populations of dendritic cells (DCs): plasmacytoid and myeloid (mDC). mDCs are subdivided into 3 subsets using the surface markers CD16, CD1c, and BDCA-3.
268	17332250	Among 31 cytokines tested, both subsets produce CXCL8 (IL-8)/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/IL-6/CCL3 (MIP-1 alpha)/CCL4 (MIP-1beta)/IL-1 beta.
269	17332250	CXCL8 (IL-8) is the predominant cytokine produced by CD1c-mDCs on TLR engagement, whereas all other cytokines, particularly TNF-alpha, are secreted in 10-fold to 100-fold higher amounts by CD16-mDCs.
270	17332250	CD16-mDCs cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells induce a significantly higher production of CXCL10 (IP-10), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor than CD1c-mDCs.
271	17332250	In addition, interleukin-3 and type I interferons are stimuli specifically for DC maturation rather than cytokine secretion, whereas TNF-alpha is almost ineffective in inducing either function, suggesting a mechanism of T-cell-DC crosstalk and of rapid induction of antigen-presenting cell function during viral infection rather than inflammation.
272	18412971	GM-CSF/IL-3/IL-5 receptor common beta chain (CD131) expression as a biomarker of antigen-stimulated CD8+ T cells.
273	18552348	For example, aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA), PLA2, SIAT8B, GALNT7, or B3GAT1 metabolize chemical ligands to which the influenza virus, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella, or Toxoplasma gondii bind.
274	18552348	The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGR/EGFR) is used by the CMV to gain entry to cells, and a CMV gene codes for an interleukin (IL-10) mimic that binds the host cognate receptor, IL10R.
275	18552348	The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1) is used by herpes simplex.
276	18552348	KPNA3 and RANBP5 control the nuclear import of the influenza virus.
277	18552348	Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) controls the microtubule network that is used by viruses as a route to the nucleus, while DTNBP1, MUTED, and BLOC1S3 regulate endosomal to lysosomal routing that is also important in viral traffic.
278	18552348	Neuregulin 1 activates ERBB receptors releasing a factor, EBP1, known to inhibit the influenza virus transcriptase.
279	18552348	Other viral or bacterial components bind to genes or proteins encoded by CALR, FEZ1, FYN, HSPA1B, IL2, HTR2A, KPNA3, MED12, MED15, MICB, NQO2, PAX6, PIK3C3, RANBP5, or TP53, while the cerebral infectivity of the herpes simplex virus is modified by Apolipoprotein E (APOE).
280	18552348	Genes encoding for proteins related to the innate immune response, including cytokine related (CCR5, CSF2RA, CSF2RB, IL1B, IL1RN, IL2, IL3, IL3RA, IL4, IL10, IL10RA, IL18RAP, lymphotoxin-alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF]), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens (HLA-A10, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1), and genes involved in antigen processing (angiotensin-converting enzyme and tripeptidyl peptidase 2) are all concerned with defense against invading pathogens.
281	18552348	Human microRNAs (Hsa-mir-198 and Hsa-mir-206) are predicted to bind to influenza, rubella, or poliovirus genes.
282	19648930	CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and a mixed population of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), including cells expressing the C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN, persisted at sites of HSV-2 reactivation for months after healing, even with daily antiviral therapy.
283	19648930	The CD4(+) T cells that persisted reacted to HSV-2 antigen, were enriched for expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5, and were contiguous to DCs expressing the interleukin-3 receptor CD123 or DC-SIGN.
284	20483237	In fish, prior to pufferfish (Fugu rubripes and Tetraodon nigroviridis) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome sequencing, only a handful of cytokines like IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TGFbeta, some CXC (including IL-8) and CC chemokine genes were identified.
285	20483237	Pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF's, IL-6 and IL-17 family have been cloned.
286	20483237	Among the T(H)1 type interleukins, IL-2, IL-15, IL-12alpha, IL-12beta, IL-18 have been cloned.
287	20483237	Among IL-10 and its family members, IL-10, IL-19/20, IL-22 and IL-26 have been discovered.
288	20483237	However, T(H)2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), IL-3, IL-7 and IL-9 are yet to be discovered from fish.
289	21036386	Human basophils express amphiregulin in response to T cell-derived IL-3.
290	21160984	In this case report we demonstrate the successful use of the hematopoietic growth factor Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a vaccine adjunct in an individual who had previously failed conventional vaccination three times.
291	21262803	Human IL-3/GM-CSF knock-in mice support human alveolar macrophage development and human immune responses in the lung.
292	21262803	To overcome this, we generated human IL-3/GM-CSF knock-in (hIL-3/GM-CSF KI) mice.
293	21262803	These mice faithfully expressed human GM-CSF and IL-3 and developed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis because of elimination of mouse GM-CSF.
294	21262803	We demonstrate that hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice engrafted with human CD34(+) hematopoietic cells had improved human myeloid cell reconstitution in the lung.
295	21262803	In particular, hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice supported the development of human alveolar macrophages that partially rescued the pulmonary alveolar proteinosis syndrome.
296	21262803	The hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice represent a unique mouse model that permits the study of human mucosal immune responses to lung pathogens.
297	21262803	Human IL-3/GM-CSF knock-in mice support human alveolar macrophage development and human immune responses in the lung.
298	21262803	To overcome this, we generated human IL-3/GM-CSF knock-in (hIL-3/GM-CSF KI) mice.
299	21262803	These mice faithfully expressed human GM-CSF and IL-3 and developed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis because of elimination of mouse GM-CSF.
300	21262803	We demonstrate that hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice engrafted with human CD34(+) hematopoietic cells had improved human myeloid cell reconstitution in the lung.
301	21262803	In particular, hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice supported the development of human alveolar macrophages that partially rescued the pulmonary alveolar proteinosis syndrome.
302	21262803	The hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice represent a unique mouse model that permits the study of human mucosal immune responses to lung pathogens.
303	21262803	Human IL-3/GM-CSF knock-in mice support human alveolar macrophage development and human immune responses in the lung.
304	21262803	To overcome this, we generated human IL-3/GM-CSF knock-in (hIL-3/GM-CSF KI) mice.
305	21262803	These mice faithfully expressed human GM-CSF and IL-3 and developed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis because of elimination of mouse GM-CSF.
306	21262803	We demonstrate that hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice engrafted with human CD34(+) hematopoietic cells had improved human myeloid cell reconstitution in the lung.
307	21262803	In particular, hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice supported the development of human alveolar macrophages that partially rescued the pulmonary alveolar proteinosis syndrome.
308	21262803	The hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice represent a unique mouse model that permits the study of human mucosal immune responses to lung pathogens.
309	21262803	Human IL-3/GM-CSF knock-in mice support human alveolar macrophage development and human immune responses in the lung.
310	21262803	To overcome this, we generated human IL-3/GM-CSF knock-in (hIL-3/GM-CSF KI) mice.
311	21262803	These mice faithfully expressed human GM-CSF and IL-3 and developed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis because of elimination of mouse GM-CSF.
312	21262803	We demonstrate that hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice engrafted with human CD34(+) hematopoietic cells had improved human myeloid cell reconstitution in the lung.
313	21262803	In particular, hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice supported the development of human alveolar macrophages that partially rescued the pulmonary alveolar proteinosis syndrome.
314	21262803	The hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice represent a unique mouse model that permits the study of human mucosal immune responses to lung pathogens.
315	21262803	Human IL-3/GM-CSF knock-in mice support human alveolar macrophage development and human immune responses in the lung.
316	21262803	To overcome this, we generated human IL-3/GM-CSF knock-in (hIL-3/GM-CSF KI) mice.
317	21262803	These mice faithfully expressed human GM-CSF and IL-3 and developed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis because of elimination of mouse GM-CSF.
318	21262803	We demonstrate that hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice engrafted with human CD34(+) hematopoietic cells had improved human myeloid cell reconstitution in the lung.
319	21262803	In particular, hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice supported the development of human alveolar macrophages that partially rescued the pulmonary alveolar proteinosis syndrome.
320	21262803	The hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice represent a unique mouse model that permits the study of human mucosal immune responses to lung pathogens.
321	21262803	Human IL-3/GM-CSF knock-in mice support human alveolar macrophage development and human immune responses in the lung.
322	21262803	To overcome this, we generated human IL-3/GM-CSF knock-in (hIL-3/GM-CSF KI) mice.
323	21262803	These mice faithfully expressed human GM-CSF and IL-3 and developed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis because of elimination of mouse GM-CSF.
324	21262803	We demonstrate that hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice engrafted with human CD34(+) hematopoietic cells had improved human myeloid cell reconstitution in the lung.
325	21262803	In particular, hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice supported the development of human alveolar macrophages that partially rescued the pulmonary alveolar proteinosis syndrome.
326	21262803	The hIL-3/GM-CSF KI mice represent a unique mouse model that permits the study of human mucosal immune responses to lung pathogens.
327	23436220	The concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and Rantes in serum, and IL-1α in mesenteric lymph node and MIP-1β in spleen were significantly increased by DON treatment compared to control.
328	23436220	The concentrations of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-12, IL-13 and Rantes in thymus, of IL-2 in spleen, and of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF and MCP-1 in mesenteric lymph nodes were significantly decreased in mice compared to those in the Vac group, while concentrations of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, IL-13,G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1α and TNF-α were significantly increased in serum compared to the Vac group.
329	23697573	Blood plasma cytokine concentrations did not differ between the ORS cases and controls for most cytokines measured (interleukin 4 [IL-4], IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-1α, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], gamma interferon [IFN-γ], and IL-17A).
330	23697573	However, ORS cases had higher levels of IL-10 and IL-3 than the controls at visits 1 and 2, even after all symptoms had subsided.
331	23697573	Persistent higher levels of IL-10 and IL-3 in ORS cases suggest that host factors may have predisposed these individuals to develop ORS following influenza vaccination.
332	23697573	Blood plasma cytokine concentrations did not differ between the ORS cases and controls for most cytokines measured (interleukin 4 [IL-4], IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-1α, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], gamma interferon [IFN-γ], and IL-17A).
333	23697573	However, ORS cases had higher levels of IL-10 and IL-3 than the controls at visits 1 and 2, even after all symptoms had subsided.
334	23697573	Persistent higher levels of IL-10 and IL-3 in ORS cases suggest that host factors may have predisposed these individuals to develop ORS following influenza vaccination.
335	24170032	In this way, char8, which controls parasitemia, was mapped on chromosome 11; char8 corresponds to human chromosome 5q31-q33 and contains immune genes, such as Il3, Il4, Il5, Il12b, Il13, Irf1, and Csf2.
336	24531404	Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGMCSF) is a proinflammatory cytokine and hematopoietic growth factor.
337	24531404	Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGMCSF) serves as a biotherapeutic agent in bone marrow stimulations, vaccine development, gene therapy approaches, and stem cell mobilization.
338	24841535	Mechanistic studies revealed that IL-3 but not IL-9 secreted by Th9 cells was responsible for the prolonged survival of DCs.
339	24841535	IL-3 upregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and activated p38, ERK and STAT5 signaling pathways in DCs.
340	24841535	Mechanistic studies revealed that IL-3 but not IL-9 secreted by Th9 cells was responsible for the prolonged survival of DCs.
341	24841535	IL-3 upregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and activated p38, ERK and STAT5 signaling pathways in DCs.
342	24865486	We tested the validity of this concept on the example of human erythropoietin, a well-characterized and pharmacologically relevant hematopoietic growth factor.
343	25075718	AJS75 induced or up-regulated the protein expression of 12 cytokines (IL-12p40, IL-12p40/p70, IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, sTNFR I, sTNFR III, IL-3 and IL-9) and 10 chemokines (Eotaxin, I-TAC, MIG, MIP-1α, RANTES, TECK, Fracatlkine, FasL, M-CSF and GM-CSF) in the injected muscles.