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Gene Information
Gene symbol: IL4
Gene name: interleukin 4
HGNC ID: 6014
Synonyms: BSF1, IL-4, BCGF1, BCGF-1, MGC79402
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 1298869 | Proliferative and T-cell specific interleukin (IL-2/IL-4) production responses in spleen cells from mice vaccinated with aroA live attenuated Salmonella vaccines. |
| 2 | 1298869 | T-cell responses in the spleen, both in whole cell populations and in nylon wool non-adherent (T-cell enriched) cells, were studied in vitro as proliferation by incorporation of tritiated thymidine and production of T-cell specific cytokines [IL-2 (interleukin-2)/IL-4]. |
| 3 | 1298869 | Little or no IL-2/IL-4 production was seen in response to LPS or purified polysaccharide antigens, while there was a strong IL-2/IL-4 response to whole cell lysate, again markedly increasing after alkaline treatment. |
| 4 | 1298869 | Proliferative and T-cell specific interleukin (IL-2/IL-4) production responses in spleen cells from mice vaccinated with aroA live attenuated Salmonella vaccines. |
| 5 | 1298869 | T-cell responses in the spleen, both in whole cell populations and in nylon wool non-adherent (T-cell enriched) cells, were studied in vitro as proliferation by incorporation of tritiated thymidine and production of T-cell specific cytokines [IL-2 (interleukin-2)/IL-4]. |
| 6 | 1298869 | Little or no IL-2/IL-4 production was seen in response to LPS or purified polysaccharide antigens, while there was a strong IL-2/IL-4 response to whole cell lysate, again markedly increasing after alkaline treatment. |
| 7 | 1298869 | Proliferative and T-cell specific interleukin (IL-2/IL-4) production responses in spleen cells from mice vaccinated with aroA live attenuated Salmonella vaccines. |
| 8 | 1298869 | T-cell responses in the spleen, both in whole cell populations and in nylon wool non-adherent (T-cell enriched) cells, were studied in vitro as proliferation by incorporation of tritiated thymidine and production of T-cell specific cytokines [IL-2 (interleukin-2)/IL-4]. |
| 9 | 1298869 | Little or no IL-2/IL-4 production was seen in response to LPS or purified polysaccharide antigens, while there was a strong IL-2/IL-4 response to whole cell lysate, again markedly increasing after alkaline treatment. |
| 10 | 1342705 | It appears that immune responses that preferentially involve T helper 1 cells (secretors of interleukin-2-and interferon-gamma) tend to be protective, whereas T helper 2 cells (secretors of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10), a population that antagonizes T helper cells, mediate disease susceptibility and are involved in immunopathological reactions. |
| 11 | 1342705 | Administration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma has beneficial effects in many infections mediated by viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. |
| 12 | 1356911 | Various membrane proteins of Francisella tularensis induce interferon-gamma production in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of primed humans. |
| 13 | 1356911 | To characterize further the phenotype of the responding cells, purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were stimulated with the antigens. |
| 14 | 1356911 | CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, proliferated and produced IFN-gamma. |
| 15 | 1356911 | However, when CD8+ T cells were isolated from bulk cultures of lymphocytes, which had been stimulated with antigen for 3 days, they responded to an extent similar to that of CD4+ T cells. |
| 16 | 1356911 | Purified CD8+ T cells also responded when they were supplemented with interleukin-2 (IL-2). |
| 17 | 1356911 | There was a direct quantitative correlation between the proliferative response of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their production of IFN-gamma. |
| 18 | 1356911 | IL-2 was produced in the cultures, the amounts being higher in the cultures of CD4+ than in those of CD8+ cells. |
| 19 | 1356911 | When proliferating, these clones did invariably produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma but no IL-4. |
| 20 | 1356911 | In conclusion, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of tularaemia-vaccinated individuals respond with proliferation to various protein antigens of F. tularensis, and the proliferative response is strictly associated with IFN-gamma production. |
| 21 | 1356911 | The CD8+ T-cell response seems to depend on cytokines supplied by proliferating CD4+ T cells. |
| 22 | 1356933 | A single injection of monoclonal antibody to gamma interferon administered in conjunction with a live Candida albicans yeast cell vaccine resulted in the detection of nonprotective Th2 rather than protective Th1 responses and altered the early expression of interleukin 4 and gamma interferon mRNA in CD4+ cells. |
| 23 | 1431143 | Because IL-2 and IL-4 can augment B cell proliferation and Ig production, we investigated possible adjuvant effects of these cytokines on bacterial polysaccharide-specific pulmonary sIgA generation. |
| 24 | 1431143 | Inclusion of IL-2, but not IL-4, into the intranasally administered liposomes further increased titers of bacterial polysaccharide specific sIgA and pulmonary plasma cells. |
| 25 | 1431143 | Because IL-2 and IL-4 can augment B cell proliferation and Ig production, we investigated possible adjuvant effects of these cytokines on bacterial polysaccharide-specific pulmonary sIgA generation. |
| 26 | 1431143 | Inclusion of IL-2, but not IL-4, into the intranasally administered liposomes further increased titers of bacterial polysaccharide specific sIgA and pulmonary plasma cells. |
| 27 | 1474259 | PPD did not increase IL-4 production above the background level, although the majority of PPD-stimulated PBMC proliferated and produced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in cultures without ionomycin and PMA. |
| 28 | 1532378 | On secondary exposure to schistosome antigen in vitro, these cells were capable of proliferating and secreting high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-3 (IL-3). |
| 29 | 1532378 | These cells secreted high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-3 in vitro, but not IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 30 | 1532378 | Moreover these cells failed to secrete IFN-gamma and IL-3. |
| 31 | 1533656 | Schistosoma mansoni infection in the mouse has been shown to be accompanied by a down-regulation in parasite-Ag- and mitogen-induced Th1 cytokine secretion (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) with a simultaneous increase in the production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), suggesting a generalized imbalance in lymphocyte function. |
| 32 | 1533656 | When spleen cells (SC) from schistosome-infected SwMb-immunized animals were stimulated with SwMb, their production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma per CD4+ cell was found to be significantly reduced (by 45% and 59%, respectively) compared with the responses observed in immunized uninfected animals. |
| 33 | 1533656 | Moreover, SwMb-induced secretion of IL-4 per CD4+ cell was increased threefold in SC cultures from infected mice. |
| 34 | 1533656 | No myoglobin-induced IL-5 was detected in the same cultures. |
| 35 | 1533656 | Addition to SC cultures of a neutralizing mAb specific for IL-10 partly restored the suppressed IFN-gamma response to SwMb seen in infected mice, suggesting a role for IL-10 in the observed down-regulation. |
| 36 | 1533656 | Schistosoma mansoni infection in the mouse has been shown to be accompanied by a down-regulation in parasite-Ag- and mitogen-induced Th1 cytokine secretion (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) with a simultaneous increase in the production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), suggesting a generalized imbalance in lymphocyte function. |
| 37 | 1533656 | When spleen cells (SC) from schistosome-infected SwMb-immunized animals were stimulated with SwMb, their production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma per CD4+ cell was found to be significantly reduced (by 45% and 59%, respectively) compared with the responses observed in immunized uninfected animals. |
| 38 | 1533656 | Moreover, SwMb-induced secretion of IL-4 per CD4+ cell was increased threefold in SC cultures from infected mice. |
| 39 | 1533656 | No myoglobin-induced IL-5 was detected in the same cultures. |
| 40 | 1533656 | Addition to SC cultures of a neutralizing mAb specific for IL-10 partly restored the suppressed IFN-gamma response to SwMb seen in infected mice, suggesting a role for IL-10 in the observed down-regulation. |
| 41 | 1541823 | We have examined the abilities of the recombinant murine lymphokines IFN-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, and IL-4 to stimulate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of macrophages against the live vaccine strain (LVS) of Francisella tularensis. |
| 42 | 1541823 | Resident peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 strain mice were cultured overnight with IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, or IL-4, and then infected with LVS. |
| 43 | 1541823 | In contrast, macrophages treated with either GM-CSF or IL-4 exhibited no such enhanced antitularemic activity, even in the presence of LPS. |
| 44 | 1541823 | We have examined the abilities of the recombinant murine lymphokines IFN-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, and IL-4 to stimulate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of macrophages against the live vaccine strain (LVS) of Francisella tularensis. |
| 45 | 1541823 | Resident peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 strain mice were cultured overnight with IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, or IL-4, and then infected with LVS. |
| 46 | 1541823 | In contrast, macrophages treated with either GM-CSF or IL-4 exhibited no such enhanced antitularemic activity, even in the presence of LPS. |
| 47 | 1541823 | We have examined the abilities of the recombinant murine lymphokines IFN-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, and IL-4 to stimulate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of macrophages against the live vaccine strain (LVS) of Francisella tularensis. |
| 48 | 1541823 | Resident peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 strain mice were cultured overnight with IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, or IL-4, and then infected with LVS. |
| 49 | 1541823 | In contrast, macrophages treated with either GM-CSF or IL-4 exhibited no such enhanced antitularemic activity, even in the presence of LPS. |
| 50 | 1670604 | Synergistic role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma production and protective immunity induced by an attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine. |
| 51 | 1670604 | When stimulated with crude tachyzoite Ag in vitro, CD4+ cells from vaccinated mice produced high levels of TH1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not TH2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5). |
| 52 | 1670604 | CD8+ cells, in contrast, produced less IFN-gamma and no detectable IL-2. |
| 53 | 1670604 | Nevertheless, they could be induced to synthesize IFN-gamma when exposed in culture to exogenous IL-2. |
| 54 | 1670604 | These results suggest that although IFN-gamma and IL-2-producing CD4+ lymphocytes are induced by vaccination, IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells are the major effectors of immunity in vivo. |
| 55 | 1670604 | Nevertheless, CD4+ lymphocytes appear to play a synergistic role in vaccine-induced immunity, probably through the augmentation of IFN-gamma synthesis by the CD8+ effector cells. |
| 56 | 1690777 | All but one of the clones were CD4+, CD5+, Th cells. |
| 57 | 1690777 | One clone, 35, produced Il-2 and IFN-gamma and was designated a TH1 clone. |
| 58 | 1690777 | IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha were essential to the killing mechanism whereas Il-1, Il-2, and Il-4 were not required. |
| 59 | 1704342 | For this purpose short synthetic peptides corresponding to these epitopes were used to study the induction of in vitro expression of IL-4 mRNA, IFN-gamma secretion, proliferation and B cell help for antibody production. |
| 60 | 1729188 | These T cells produced interleukin 2 and gamma interferon but no detectable interleukin 4 and interleukin 5. |
| 61 | 1827920 | We have established a large panel of T-cell clones (TCCs) specific for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Lolium perenne group I grass pollen allergens (total, 61) and for tetanus toxoid and protein purified derivative bacterial antigens (total, 38) from the peripheral blood of two atopic individuals and then analyzed their ability to produce interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 62 | 1827920 | Upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus anti-CD3 antibody, the great majority of TCCs specific for bacterial components was able to produce both IL-4 and IFN-gamma, whereas most D. pteronyssinus- and L. perenne group I-specific TCCs produced IL-4, but no, or limited, IFN-gamma. |
| 63 | 1827920 | Moreover, the mean amounts of IL-4 and IFN-gamma released by allergen-specific TCCs were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than the mean amounts produced by TCCs specific for bacterial components. |
| 64 | 1827920 | Under these experimental conditions, all allergen-specific TCCs, but only one-third of TCCs specific for bacterial components that produced IL-4 but no, or little, IFN-gamma induced the synthesis of detectable amounts of IgE. |
| 65 | 1827920 | The demonstration that most allergen-specific helper T cells in atopic individuals are able to produce high amounts of IL-4 (and IL-5), but no IFN-gamma, may explain why allergens induce production of IgE antibodies and increase eosinophils. |
| 66 | 1827920 | We have established a large panel of T-cell clones (TCCs) specific for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Lolium perenne group I grass pollen allergens (total, 61) and for tetanus toxoid and protein purified derivative bacterial antigens (total, 38) from the peripheral blood of two atopic individuals and then analyzed their ability to produce interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 67 | 1827920 | Upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus anti-CD3 antibody, the great majority of TCCs specific for bacterial components was able to produce both IL-4 and IFN-gamma, whereas most D. pteronyssinus- and L. perenne group I-specific TCCs produced IL-4, but no, or limited, IFN-gamma. |
| 68 | 1827920 | Moreover, the mean amounts of IL-4 and IFN-gamma released by allergen-specific TCCs were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than the mean amounts produced by TCCs specific for bacterial components. |
| 69 | 1827920 | Under these experimental conditions, all allergen-specific TCCs, but only one-third of TCCs specific for bacterial components that produced IL-4 but no, or little, IFN-gamma induced the synthesis of detectable amounts of IgE. |
| 70 | 1827920 | The demonstration that most allergen-specific helper T cells in atopic individuals are able to produce high amounts of IL-4 (and IL-5), but no IFN-gamma, may explain why allergens induce production of IgE antibodies and increase eosinophils. |
| 71 | 1827920 | We have established a large panel of T-cell clones (TCCs) specific for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Lolium perenne group I grass pollen allergens (total, 61) and for tetanus toxoid and protein purified derivative bacterial antigens (total, 38) from the peripheral blood of two atopic individuals and then analyzed their ability to produce interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 72 | 1827920 | Upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus anti-CD3 antibody, the great majority of TCCs specific for bacterial components was able to produce both IL-4 and IFN-gamma, whereas most D. pteronyssinus- and L. perenne group I-specific TCCs produced IL-4, but no, or limited, IFN-gamma. |
| 73 | 1827920 | Moreover, the mean amounts of IL-4 and IFN-gamma released by allergen-specific TCCs were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than the mean amounts produced by TCCs specific for bacterial components. |
| 74 | 1827920 | Under these experimental conditions, all allergen-specific TCCs, but only one-third of TCCs specific for bacterial components that produced IL-4 but no, or little, IFN-gamma induced the synthesis of detectable amounts of IgE. |
| 75 | 1827920 | The demonstration that most allergen-specific helper T cells in atopic individuals are able to produce high amounts of IL-4 (and IL-5), but no IFN-gamma, may explain why allergens induce production of IgE antibodies and increase eosinophils. |
| 76 | 1827920 | We have established a large panel of T-cell clones (TCCs) specific for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Lolium perenne group I grass pollen allergens (total, 61) and for tetanus toxoid and protein purified derivative bacterial antigens (total, 38) from the peripheral blood of two atopic individuals and then analyzed their ability to produce interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 77 | 1827920 | Upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus anti-CD3 antibody, the great majority of TCCs specific for bacterial components was able to produce both IL-4 and IFN-gamma, whereas most D. pteronyssinus- and L. perenne group I-specific TCCs produced IL-4, but no, or limited, IFN-gamma. |
| 78 | 1827920 | Moreover, the mean amounts of IL-4 and IFN-gamma released by allergen-specific TCCs were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than the mean amounts produced by TCCs specific for bacterial components. |
| 79 | 1827920 | Under these experimental conditions, all allergen-specific TCCs, but only one-third of TCCs specific for bacterial components that produced IL-4 but no, or little, IFN-gamma induced the synthesis of detectable amounts of IgE. |
| 80 | 1827920 | The demonstration that most allergen-specific helper T cells in atopic individuals are able to produce high amounts of IL-4 (and IL-5), but no IFN-gamma, may explain why allergens induce production of IgE antibodies and increase eosinophils. |
| 81 | 1827920 | We have established a large panel of T-cell clones (TCCs) specific for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Lolium perenne group I grass pollen allergens (total, 61) and for tetanus toxoid and protein purified derivative bacterial antigens (total, 38) from the peripheral blood of two atopic individuals and then analyzed their ability to produce interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 82 | 1827920 | Upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus anti-CD3 antibody, the great majority of TCCs specific for bacterial components was able to produce both IL-4 and IFN-gamma, whereas most D. pteronyssinus- and L. perenne group I-specific TCCs produced IL-4, but no, or limited, IFN-gamma. |
| 83 | 1827920 | Moreover, the mean amounts of IL-4 and IFN-gamma released by allergen-specific TCCs were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than the mean amounts produced by TCCs specific for bacterial components. |
| 84 | 1827920 | Under these experimental conditions, all allergen-specific TCCs, but only one-third of TCCs specific for bacterial components that produced IL-4 but no, or little, IFN-gamma induced the synthesis of detectable amounts of IgE. |
| 85 | 1827920 | The demonstration that most allergen-specific helper T cells in atopic individuals are able to produce high amounts of IL-4 (and IL-5), but no IFN-gamma, may explain why allergens induce production of IgE antibodies and increase eosinophils. |
| 86 | 1833466 | IFN-gamma modulates the early development of Th1 and Th2 responses in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| 87 | 1833466 | Resistance to Leishmania major in mice is associated with the generation of distinct CD4+ Th subsets, termed TH1 and TH2. |
| 88 | 1833466 | Lymph node (LN) cells collected 3 days after infection of BALB/c mice secreted IL-4 and IL-5 in vitro, but little IFN-gamma, whereas LN cells from a resistant strain, C3H/HeN, secreted IFN-gamma and no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 89 | 1833466 | Cytokine production was eliminated in both cases by in vivo or in vitro depletion of CD4+ cells, but not after depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 90 | 1833466 | We next investigated whether IFN-gamma was important in the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 91 | 1833466 | We confirmed this observation and found that the abrogation of resistance was associated with enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-5, and decreased production of IFN-gamma by cells taken from these mice. |
| 92 | 1833466 | Conversely, LN cells from BALB/c mice inoculated with parasites plus IFN-gamma produced significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma, and decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-5, than mice infected with parasites alone. |
| 93 | 1833466 | We found that s.c. immunization with soluble leishmanial Ag, the bacterial adjuvant, Corynebacterium parvum and IFN-gamma could protect mice against L. major infection, and that this protection was associated with induction of Th1 responses. |
| 94 | 1833466 | From these data we conclude that levels of IFN-gamma at the time of infection or immunization dramatically alters the type of response elicited: high levels of IFN-gamma favor Th1 type responses, whereas low levels promote a Th2 response. |
| 95 | 1833466 | IFN-gamma modulates the early development of Th1 and Th2 responses in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| 96 | 1833466 | Resistance to Leishmania major in mice is associated with the generation of distinct CD4+ Th subsets, termed TH1 and TH2. |
| 97 | 1833466 | Lymph node (LN) cells collected 3 days after infection of BALB/c mice secreted IL-4 and IL-5 in vitro, but little IFN-gamma, whereas LN cells from a resistant strain, C3H/HeN, secreted IFN-gamma and no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 98 | 1833466 | Cytokine production was eliminated in both cases by in vivo or in vitro depletion of CD4+ cells, but not after depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 99 | 1833466 | We next investigated whether IFN-gamma was important in the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 100 | 1833466 | We confirmed this observation and found that the abrogation of resistance was associated with enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-5, and decreased production of IFN-gamma by cells taken from these mice. |
| 101 | 1833466 | Conversely, LN cells from BALB/c mice inoculated with parasites plus IFN-gamma produced significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma, and decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-5, than mice infected with parasites alone. |
| 102 | 1833466 | We found that s.c. immunization with soluble leishmanial Ag, the bacterial adjuvant, Corynebacterium parvum and IFN-gamma could protect mice against L. major infection, and that this protection was associated with induction of Th1 responses. |
| 103 | 1833466 | From these data we conclude that levels of IFN-gamma at the time of infection or immunization dramatically alters the type of response elicited: high levels of IFN-gamma favor Th1 type responses, whereas low levels promote a Th2 response. |
| 104 | 1833466 | IFN-gamma modulates the early development of Th1 and Th2 responses in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| 105 | 1833466 | Resistance to Leishmania major in mice is associated with the generation of distinct CD4+ Th subsets, termed TH1 and TH2. |
| 106 | 1833466 | Lymph node (LN) cells collected 3 days after infection of BALB/c mice secreted IL-4 and IL-5 in vitro, but little IFN-gamma, whereas LN cells from a resistant strain, C3H/HeN, secreted IFN-gamma and no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 107 | 1833466 | Cytokine production was eliminated in both cases by in vivo or in vitro depletion of CD4+ cells, but not after depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 108 | 1833466 | We next investigated whether IFN-gamma was important in the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 109 | 1833466 | We confirmed this observation and found that the abrogation of resistance was associated with enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-5, and decreased production of IFN-gamma by cells taken from these mice. |
| 110 | 1833466 | Conversely, LN cells from BALB/c mice inoculated with parasites plus IFN-gamma produced significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma, and decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-5, than mice infected with parasites alone. |
| 111 | 1833466 | We found that s.c. immunization with soluble leishmanial Ag, the bacterial adjuvant, Corynebacterium parvum and IFN-gamma could protect mice against L. major infection, and that this protection was associated with induction of Th1 responses. |
| 112 | 1833466 | From these data we conclude that levels of IFN-gamma at the time of infection or immunization dramatically alters the type of response elicited: high levels of IFN-gamma favor Th1 type responses, whereas low levels promote a Th2 response. |
| 113 | 1851808 | Immunization of BALB/c mice with a single dose of the Sabin type 1, type 2 or type 3 poliovirus vaccine strains stimulated cross-reactive T helper cell responses detected by both in vitro proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2/IL-4 production. |
| 114 | 1901422 | Nevertheless, antibodies to IL-2 as well as interleukin 4 (IL-4), significantly inhibited proliferation of synovial fluid lymphocytes by AP-MT. |
| 115 | 1901422 | We conclude that AP-MT induced proliferation by synovial fluid lymphocytes is mediated by both IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 116 | 1901422 | Nevertheless, antibodies to IL-2 as well as interleukin 4 (IL-4), significantly inhibited proliferation of synovial fluid lymphocytes by AP-MT. |
| 117 | 1901422 | We conclude that AP-MT induced proliferation by synovial fluid lymphocytes is mediated by both IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 118 | 1901883 | In Leishmania major infections, cure vs progressive disease correlates with the expansion of Th1-like or Th2-like CD4+ populations, respectively. |
| 119 | 1901883 | Splenic lymphocytes from infected Lsh congenic C57BL/10 (Lshs;H-2b) and B10.L-Lshr (Lshr;H-2b) mice and MHC congenic non-curing B10.D2/n (Lshs;H-2d) mice were examined for the production of cytokines representative of these CD4+ populations (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma). |
| 120 | 1901883 | In the non-curing B10.D2/n strain, late phase of infection was associated with the decreased ability to produce cytokines in response to Ag and not with the production of IL-4 or IL-5 in response to Ag or mitogen. |
| 121 | 1901883 | Together, these data suggest that over-expansion of Th2-type cells and production of their specific cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) is not a contributing factor to the variable long term course of L. donovani infection in these strains of mice. |
| 122 | 1901883 | In Leishmania major infections, cure vs progressive disease correlates with the expansion of Th1-like or Th2-like CD4+ populations, respectively. |
| 123 | 1901883 | Splenic lymphocytes from infected Lsh congenic C57BL/10 (Lshs;H-2b) and B10.L-Lshr (Lshr;H-2b) mice and MHC congenic non-curing B10.D2/n (Lshs;H-2d) mice were examined for the production of cytokines representative of these CD4+ populations (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma). |
| 124 | 1901883 | In the non-curing B10.D2/n strain, late phase of infection was associated with the decreased ability to produce cytokines in response to Ag and not with the production of IL-4 or IL-5 in response to Ag or mitogen. |
| 125 | 1901883 | Together, these data suggest that over-expansion of Th2-type cells and production of their specific cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) is not a contributing factor to the variable long term course of L. donovani infection in these strains of mice. |
| 126 | 1901883 | In Leishmania major infections, cure vs progressive disease correlates with the expansion of Th1-like or Th2-like CD4+ populations, respectively. |
| 127 | 1901883 | Splenic lymphocytes from infected Lsh congenic C57BL/10 (Lshs;H-2b) and B10.L-Lshr (Lshr;H-2b) mice and MHC congenic non-curing B10.D2/n (Lshs;H-2d) mice were examined for the production of cytokines representative of these CD4+ populations (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma). |
| 128 | 1901883 | In the non-curing B10.D2/n strain, late phase of infection was associated with the decreased ability to produce cytokines in response to Ag and not with the production of IL-4 or IL-5 in response to Ag or mitogen. |
| 129 | 1901883 | Together, these data suggest that over-expansion of Th2-type cells and production of their specific cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) is not a contributing factor to the variable long term course of L. donovani infection in these strains of mice. |
| 130 | 1909711 | Francisella tularensis-induced in vitro gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 2 responses appear within 2 weeks of tularemia vaccination in human beings. |
| 131 | 1909711 | Positive in vitro T-cell responses in the form of lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion are found in memory immunity. |
| 132 | 1909711 | Positive reactions, i.e., responses exceeding those on day 0, were reached on day 10 with regard to the whole blood culture DNA synthesis response and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion and on day 14 with regard to the mononuclear cell DNA synthesis response and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion. |
| 133 | 1909711 | If it is shown later that specific T cells produce it, the TNF-alpha response and the negative IL-4 finding may speak for the importance of the Th1-like pattern in immunity to F. tularensis. |
| 134 | 1910007 | The production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-3 but not IL-4 was observed in both T cells mediating only DTH and those mediating DTH and ACR. |
| 135 | 1967279 | Host-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones isolated from a human chimera produce IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor but not IL-4. |
| 136 | 1967279 | In the present study, we investigated the lymphokine production patterns in a series of CD4+ and CD8+ host-reactive T cell clones isolated from PBL of a SCID patient, who was immunologically reconstituted by two allogeneic fetal liver and thymus transplantations 13 years ago. |
| 137 | 1967279 | In contrast, CD4+ tetanus toxin-specific T cell clones isolated from the same patient and having the same HLA phenotype produced normal amounts of IL-4 upon activation. |
| 138 | 1967279 | Furthermore, different modes of activation resulted in simultaneous production of IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma, granulocyte/macrophage-CSF, and transcription of the TNF-beta gene by the host-reactive clones, indicating that the lack of IL-4 production is not related to the mode of activation. |
| 139 | 1967279 | The finding that some of these clones produce significant levels of IL-5 but no IL-4 indicates that the IL-4 and IL-5 genes are not always coexpressed in activated human T cells. |
| 140 | 1967279 | Host-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones isolated from a human chimera produce IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor but not IL-4. |
| 141 | 1967279 | In the present study, we investigated the lymphokine production patterns in a series of CD4+ and CD8+ host-reactive T cell clones isolated from PBL of a SCID patient, who was immunologically reconstituted by two allogeneic fetal liver and thymus transplantations 13 years ago. |
| 142 | 1967279 | In contrast, CD4+ tetanus toxin-specific T cell clones isolated from the same patient and having the same HLA phenotype produced normal amounts of IL-4 upon activation. |
| 143 | 1967279 | Furthermore, different modes of activation resulted in simultaneous production of IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma, granulocyte/macrophage-CSF, and transcription of the TNF-beta gene by the host-reactive clones, indicating that the lack of IL-4 production is not related to the mode of activation. |
| 144 | 1967279 | The finding that some of these clones produce significant levels of IL-5 but no IL-4 indicates that the IL-4 and IL-5 genes are not always coexpressed in activated human T cells. |
| 145 | 1967279 | Host-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones isolated from a human chimera produce IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor but not IL-4. |
| 146 | 1967279 | In the present study, we investigated the lymphokine production patterns in a series of CD4+ and CD8+ host-reactive T cell clones isolated from PBL of a SCID patient, who was immunologically reconstituted by two allogeneic fetal liver and thymus transplantations 13 years ago. |
| 147 | 1967279 | In contrast, CD4+ tetanus toxin-specific T cell clones isolated from the same patient and having the same HLA phenotype produced normal amounts of IL-4 upon activation. |
| 148 | 1967279 | Furthermore, different modes of activation resulted in simultaneous production of IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma, granulocyte/macrophage-CSF, and transcription of the TNF-beta gene by the host-reactive clones, indicating that the lack of IL-4 production is not related to the mode of activation. |
| 149 | 1967279 | The finding that some of these clones produce significant levels of IL-5 but no IL-4 indicates that the IL-4 and IL-5 genes are not always coexpressed in activated human T cells. |
| 150 | 1967279 | Host-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones isolated from a human chimera produce IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor but not IL-4. |
| 151 | 1967279 | In the present study, we investigated the lymphokine production patterns in a series of CD4+ and CD8+ host-reactive T cell clones isolated from PBL of a SCID patient, who was immunologically reconstituted by two allogeneic fetal liver and thymus transplantations 13 years ago. |
| 152 | 1967279 | In contrast, CD4+ tetanus toxin-specific T cell clones isolated from the same patient and having the same HLA phenotype produced normal amounts of IL-4 upon activation. |
| 153 | 1967279 | Furthermore, different modes of activation resulted in simultaneous production of IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma, granulocyte/macrophage-CSF, and transcription of the TNF-beta gene by the host-reactive clones, indicating that the lack of IL-4 production is not related to the mode of activation. |
| 154 | 1967279 | The finding that some of these clones produce significant levels of IL-5 but no IL-4 indicates that the IL-4 and IL-5 genes are not always coexpressed in activated human T cells. |
| 155 | 1972164 | Secretion of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma was determined after specific stimulation of these TLC, using autologous monocytes as APC. |
| 156 | 1972164 | With respect to the production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma, clearly distinct profiles were observed. |
| 157 | 1972164 | All Dp-specific TLC from both atopic donors produced IL-4 but not IFN-gamma, whereas the Dp-specific TLC from NAD, as well as the tetanus toxoid- and C. albicans-specific TLC from AD1, all produced IFN-gamma but not or small quantities of IL-4. |
| 158 | 1972164 | The functional consequence of these restricted lymphokine profiles was stressed by the observation that, whereas Dp-specific TLC from AD1 and AD2 supported in vitro IgE production, this support could be abrogated by a Dp-specific TLC from NAD. |
| 159 | 1972164 | The present results suggest that CD4+ T lymphocytes that produce IL-4, but not IFN-gamma, occur in high frequencies in the allergen-specific T cell repertoires of atopic donors, which may have important implications for the pathomechanism of atopic disease. |
| 160 | 1972164 | Secretion of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma was determined after specific stimulation of these TLC, using autologous monocytes as APC. |
| 161 | 1972164 | With respect to the production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma, clearly distinct profiles were observed. |
| 162 | 1972164 | All Dp-specific TLC from both atopic donors produced IL-4 but not IFN-gamma, whereas the Dp-specific TLC from NAD, as well as the tetanus toxoid- and C. albicans-specific TLC from AD1, all produced IFN-gamma but not or small quantities of IL-4. |
| 163 | 1972164 | The functional consequence of these restricted lymphokine profiles was stressed by the observation that, whereas Dp-specific TLC from AD1 and AD2 supported in vitro IgE production, this support could be abrogated by a Dp-specific TLC from NAD. |
| 164 | 1972164 | The present results suggest that CD4+ T lymphocytes that produce IL-4, but not IFN-gamma, occur in high frequencies in the allergen-specific T cell repertoires of atopic donors, which may have important implications for the pathomechanism of atopic disease. |
| 165 | 1972164 | Secretion of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma was determined after specific stimulation of these TLC, using autologous monocytes as APC. |
| 166 | 1972164 | With respect to the production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma, clearly distinct profiles were observed. |
| 167 | 1972164 | All Dp-specific TLC from both atopic donors produced IL-4 but not IFN-gamma, whereas the Dp-specific TLC from NAD, as well as the tetanus toxoid- and C. albicans-specific TLC from AD1, all produced IFN-gamma but not or small quantities of IL-4. |
| 168 | 1972164 | The functional consequence of these restricted lymphokine profiles was stressed by the observation that, whereas Dp-specific TLC from AD1 and AD2 supported in vitro IgE production, this support could be abrogated by a Dp-specific TLC from NAD. |
| 169 | 1972164 | The present results suggest that CD4+ T lymphocytes that produce IL-4, but not IFN-gamma, occur in high frequencies in the allergen-specific T cell repertoires of atopic donors, which may have important implications for the pathomechanism of atopic disease. |
| 170 | 1972164 | Secretion of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma was determined after specific stimulation of these TLC, using autologous monocytes as APC. |
| 171 | 1972164 | With respect to the production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma, clearly distinct profiles were observed. |
| 172 | 1972164 | All Dp-specific TLC from both atopic donors produced IL-4 but not IFN-gamma, whereas the Dp-specific TLC from NAD, as well as the tetanus toxoid- and C. albicans-specific TLC from AD1, all produced IFN-gamma but not or small quantities of IL-4. |
| 173 | 1972164 | The functional consequence of these restricted lymphokine profiles was stressed by the observation that, whereas Dp-specific TLC from AD1 and AD2 supported in vitro IgE production, this support could be abrogated by a Dp-specific TLC from NAD. |
| 174 | 1972164 | The present results suggest that CD4+ T lymphocytes that produce IL-4, but not IFN-gamma, occur in high frequencies in the allergen-specific T cell repertoires of atopic donors, which may have important implications for the pathomechanism of atopic disease. |
| 175 | 1980108 | In vivo, immunization with FR D induced a Th2-biased immune response in BALB/c mice as determined by the numbers of splenic CD4+ cells secreting interleukin 4 and interferon-gamma according to limiting dilution analyses. |
| 176 | 1997399 | T cells induced by p146-171 and p467-171 or a mixture of these two peptides were mainly CD4+ and produced interleukin (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) but not IL-4 upon antigen stimulation in vitro. |
| 177 | 2017199 | --is stimulated by PRFs such as interferon-gamma, IL-1, TNF, GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 178 | 2017199 | The activation and expansion of T-lymphocytes requires IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and probably IL-7. |
| 179 | 2017199 | Likewise, the activation and expansion of B-lymphocytes is regulated by PRFs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and interferon-gamma. |
| 180 | 2017199 | Antibody class is critically influenced by particular PRFs, e.g. interferon-gamma regulates IgG2a; IL-4, IgE and IgG1; IL-5 and TGF-beta, IgA. |
| 181 | 2017199 | The recruitment and enhanced production and function of granulocytic and phagocytic cells involves a number of T-lymphocyte PRFs including GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 182 | 2017199 | IL-3 induces a mastocytosis and IL-5 an eosinophilia. |
| 183 | 2017199 | --is stimulated by PRFs such as interferon-gamma, IL-1, TNF, GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 184 | 2017199 | The activation and expansion of T-lymphocytes requires IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and probably IL-7. |
| 185 | 2017199 | Likewise, the activation and expansion of B-lymphocytes is regulated by PRFs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and interferon-gamma. |
| 186 | 2017199 | Antibody class is critically influenced by particular PRFs, e.g. interferon-gamma regulates IgG2a; IL-4, IgE and IgG1; IL-5 and TGF-beta, IgA. |
| 187 | 2017199 | The recruitment and enhanced production and function of granulocytic and phagocytic cells involves a number of T-lymphocyte PRFs including GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 188 | 2017199 | IL-3 induces a mastocytosis and IL-5 an eosinophilia. |
| 189 | 2017199 | --is stimulated by PRFs such as interferon-gamma, IL-1, TNF, GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 190 | 2017199 | The activation and expansion of T-lymphocytes requires IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and probably IL-7. |
| 191 | 2017199 | Likewise, the activation and expansion of B-lymphocytes is regulated by PRFs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and interferon-gamma. |
| 192 | 2017199 | Antibody class is critically influenced by particular PRFs, e.g. interferon-gamma regulates IgG2a; IL-4, IgE and IgG1; IL-5 and TGF-beta, IgA. |
| 193 | 2017199 | The recruitment and enhanced production and function of granulocytic and phagocytic cells involves a number of T-lymphocyte PRFs including GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 194 | 2017199 | IL-3 induces a mastocytosis and IL-5 an eosinophilia. |
| 195 | 2017199 | --is stimulated by PRFs such as interferon-gamma, IL-1, TNF, GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 196 | 2017199 | The activation and expansion of T-lymphocytes requires IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and probably IL-7. |
| 197 | 2017199 | Likewise, the activation and expansion of B-lymphocytes is regulated by PRFs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and interferon-gamma. |
| 198 | 2017199 | Antibody class is critically influenced by particular PRFs, e.g. interferon-gamma regulates IgG2a; IL-4, IgE and IgG1; IL-5 and TGF-beta, IgA. |
| 199 | 2017199 | The recruitment and enhanced production and function of granulocytic and phagocytic cells involves a number of T-lymphocyte PRFs including GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 200 | 2017199 | IL-3 induces a mastocytosis and IL-5 an eosinophilia. |
| 201 | 2017199 | --is stimulated by PRFs such as interferon-gamma, IL-1, TNF, GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 202 | 2017199 | The activation and expansion of T-lymphocytes requires IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and probably IL-7. |
| 203 | 2017199 | Likewise, the activation and expansion of B-lymphocytes is regulated by PRFs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and interferon-gamma. |
| 204 | 2017199 | Antibody class is critically influenced by particular PRFs, e.g. interferon-gamma regulates IgG2a; IL-4, IgE and IgG1; IL-5 and TGF-beta, IgA. |
| 205 | 2017199 | The recruitment and enhanced production and function of granulocytic and phagocytic cells involves a number of T-lymphocyte PRFs including GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 206 | 2017199 | IL-3 induces a mastocytosis and IL-5 an eosinophilia. |
| 207 | 2049044 | It is now believed that, at least in cutaneous leishmaniasis, Th2 subsets of CD4+ T cells are disease-promoting and they do so probably by producing IL-3 and IL-4 which inhibits the activation of macrophages by IFN-gamma. |
| 208 | 2115172 | Production by activated human T cells of interleukin 4 but not interferon-gamma is associated with elevated levels of serum antibodies to activating malaria antigens. |
| 209 | 2115172 | Activation was measured as induction of interferon-gamma secretion, T-cell proliferation (DNA synthesis), or transcription and translation of interleukin 4 (IL-4) mRNA. |
| 210 | 2115172 | Peptides from both regions were shown to induce interferon-gamma, IL-4, proliferation, or any combination. |
| 211 | 2115172 | Production by activated human T cells of interleukin 4 but not interferon-gamma is associated with elevated levels of serum antibodies to activating malaria antigens. |
| 212 | 2115172 | Activation was measured as induction of interferon-gamma secretion, T-cell proliferation (DNA synthesis), or transcription and translation of interleukin 4 (IL-4) mRNA. |
| 213 | 2115172 | Peptides from both regions were shown to induce interferon-gamma, IL-4, proliferation, or any combination. |
| 214 | 2115172 | Production by activated human T cells of interleukin 4 but not interferon-gamma is associated with elevated levels of serum antibodies to activating malaria antigens. |
| 215 | 2115172 | Activation was measured as induction of interferon-gamma secretion, T-cell proliferation (DNA synthesis), or transcription and translation of interleukin 4 (IL-4) mRNA. |
| 216 | 2115172 | Peptides from both regions were shown to induce interferon-gamma, IL-4, proliferation, or any combination. |
| 217 | 2123226 | Ablation of eosinophil and IgE responses with anti-IL-5 or anti-IL-4 antibodies fails to affect immunity against Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. |
| 218 | 2123226 | To investigate the role of anaphylactic immune responses in protective immunity against schistosomiasis, mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni were treated with neutralizing mAb antibodies against either IL-5 or IL-4 before and during challenge infection. |
| 219 | 2123226 | Ablation of eosinophil and IgE responses with anti-IL-5 or anti-IL-4 antibodies fails to affect immunity against Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. |
| 220 | 2123226 | To investigate the role of anaphylactic immune responses in protective immunity against schistosomiasis, mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni were treated with neutralizing mAb antibodies against either IL-5 or IL-4 before and during challenge infection. |
| 221 | 2123823 | Mycobacterium-specific T cells from both BALB/c and B10.D2 mice produced interleukin-2 and no interleukin-4. |
| 222 | 2123823 | This suggests that tumor necrosis factor, in addition to gamma interferon, may be involved in resistance to L. major and that interleukin-4 may inhibit the leishmanicidal activity of tumor necrosis factor and/or gamma interferon. |
| 223 | 2123823 | Mycobacterium-specific T cells from both BALB/c and B10.D2 mice produced interleukin-2 and no interleukin-4. |
| 224 | 2123823 | This suggests that tumor necrosis factor, in addition to gamma interferon, may be involved in resistance to L. major and that interleukin-4 may inhibit the leishmanicidal activity of tumor necrosis factor and/or gamma interferon. |
| 225 | 2144549 | The activated T cells are mainly CD4+ and secrete IL-2 and IFN-gamma but no IL-4. |
| 226 | 2526739 | Levels of cytokine mRNA coding for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL) 2, IL 1 beta, IL 4 or IL 6 have been measured by Northern blot analysis after antigen stimulation. |
| 227 | 2526739 | With some variations among donors, antigens clearly induced measurable levels of IFN-gamma, GM-CSF and IL 2 mRNA. |
| 228 | 2971718 | The IL-4-mediated IgG and IgM production was neither suppressed by IFN-gamma nor by anti-CD23 mAb 25, whereas these agents have been shown earlier to inhibit IgE production of enriched B cells cultured in the presence of IL-4. |
| 229 | 7483764 | In cultures of RS virus primed LNC challenged with whole virus there was a switch of cytokine production from 70% IL-2 at day 3 to 80% IL-4 by 6 days of culture. |
| 230 | 7483764 | These data suggest that after 6 days of challenge with viral antigen, the RS virus-primed LNC response consists of T helper cells which are predominantly of the Th2 subset, secreting IL-4, whilst F protein-primed LNC secrete large quantities of IL-2 and can therefore be classified as predominantly of the Th1 subset. |
| 231 | 7483764 | In cultures of RS virus primed LNC challenged with whole virus there was a switch of cytokine production from 70% IL-2 at day 3 to 80% IL-4 by 6 days of culture. |
| 232 | 7483764 | These data suggest that after 6 days of challenge with viral antigen, the RS virus-primed LNC response consists of T helper cells which are predominantly of the Th2 subset, secreting IL-4, whilst F protein-primed LNC secrete large quantities of IL-2 and can therefore be classified as predominantly of the Th1 subset. |
| 233 | 7489749 | We, therefore, generated DC from peripheral blood of normal donors in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 234 | 7489749 | Flow cytometric analysis of the cells during a 2-week culture revealed a loss of CD14 and CD34 expression, a concomittent increase of CD1a, CD11a,b and c, CD44, CD45, CD54, HLA-class I and II, and intermediate levels of CD26, CD80 and CD86. |
| 235 | 7492350 | A similar effect by exogenous IL-2, or the same concentration of IL-4, was observed in 8/11 (P = 0.02) and 5/6 respectively DH, and 3/4 normal gut T cell lines. |
| 236 | 7493774 | Tuberculin-induced expression of IFN-gamma, IL2, IL4, IL10 and TNF-alpha mRNA occurred in the skin biopsies of all of the lesioned, M. bovis inoculated animals except for an absence of tuberculin-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression in two animals. |
| 237 | 7493774 | By 28 weeks after vaccination, the three BCG-vaccinated, sham-inoculated cattle displayed minimal skin swelling response to tuberculin, but tuberculin-induced expression of IFN-gamma, IL2, IL4, IL10 and TNF-alpha mRNA was observed in skin biopsies of all of these animals. |
| 238 | 7493774 | Tuberculin-induced expression of IFN-gamma, IL2, IL4, IL10 and TNF-alpha mRNA occurred in the skin biopsies of all of the lesioned, M. bovis inoculated animals except for an absence of tuberculin-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression in two animals. |
| 239 | 7493774 | By 28 weeks after vaccination, the three BCG-vaccinated, sham-inoculated cattle displayed minimal skin swelling response to tuberculin, but tuberculin-induced expression of IFN-gamma, IL2, IL4, IL10 and TNF-alpha mRNA was observed in skin biopsies of all of these animals. |
| 240 | 7513306 | Likewise, cells from recovered animals released gamma interferon and either interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-4 into culture media in response to both of the above-mentioned antigens, whereas cells from control animals did not. |
| 241 | 7513919 | Lymph node cells from immunised mice produced IL-2 and IL-4 when specifically recalled in vitro, indicating stimulation of both Th1 and Th2 helper cell compartments. |
| 242 | 7525715 | Relative efficacy of IL-2, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 243 | 7525715 | Here, we demonstrate that fusion proteins with IL-2 or IL-4 can also be highly immunogenic. |
| 244 | 7525715 | Furthermore, the Id-IL-2 fusion protein induced high titers of IgG2a and IgG3 anti-Id Abs, whereas the Id-IL-4 and Id-GM-CSF fusion proteins did not. |
| 245 | 7525715 | Relative efficacy of IL-2, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 246 | 7525715 | Here, we demonstrate that fusion proteins with IL-2 or IL-4 can also be highly immunogenic. |
| 247 | 7525715 | Furthermore, the Id-IL-2 fusion protein induced high titers of IgG2a and IgG3 anti-Id Abs, whereas the Id-IL-4 and Id-GM-CSF fusion proteins did not. |
| 248 | 7525715 | Relative efficacy of IL-2, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 249 | 7525715 | Here, we demonstrate that fusion proteins with IL-2 or IL-4 can also be highly immunogenic. |
| 250 | 7525715 | Furthermore, the Id-IL-2 fusion protein induced high titers of IgG2a and IgG3 anti-Id Abs, whereas the Id-IL-4 and Id-GM-CSF fusion proteins did not. |
| 251 | 7525727 | A similar, although less dramatic, increase in two other macrophage-activating cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-2, also was observed. |
| 252 | 7525727 | In contrast, although the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 were elevated in challenged vaccinated animals, only IL-10 and IL-13 showed increases that were significant with respect to the mRNA levels observed in challenged controls. |
| 253 | 7525727 | Neutralization of IFN-gamma reduced immunity in vaccinated animals and resulted in decreased IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 p40 but markedly increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 mRNA expression and serum IgE levels. |
| 254 | 7525727 | Furthermore, the observation that the down-regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 are induced together with IFN-gamma may provide an explanation for the failure of this vaccine to provide complete protection. |
| 255 | 7525727 | A similar, although less dramatic, increase in two other macrophage-activating cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-2, also was observed. |
| 256 | 7525727 | In contrast, although the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 were elevated in challenged vaccinated animals, only IL-10 and IL-13 showed increases that were significant with respect to the mRNA levels observed in challenged controls. |
| 257 | 7525727 | Neutralization of IFN-gamma reduced immunity in vaccinated animals and resulted in decreased IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 p40 but markedly increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 mRNA expression and serum IgE levels. |
| 258 | 7525727 | Furthermore, the observation that the down-regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 are induced together with IFN-gamma may provide an explanation for the failure of this vaccine to provide complete protection. |
| 259 | 7525727 | A similar, although less dramatic, increase in two other macrophage-activating cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-2, also was observed. |
| 260 | 7525727 | In contrast, although the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 were elevated in challenged vaccinated animals, only IL-10 and IL-13 showed increases that were significant with respect to the mRNA levels observed in challenged controls. |
| 261 | 7525727 | Neutralization of IFN-gamma reduced immunity in vaccinated animals and resulted in decreased IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 p40 but markedly increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 mRNA expression and serum IgE levels. |
| 262 | 7525727 | Furthermore, the observation that the down-regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 are induced together with IFN-gamma may provide an explanation for the failure of this vaccine to provide complete protection. |
| 263 | 7538449 | These T cell lines proliferated and produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) and/or IL-4, but only in the presence of the relevant BRM and BALB/c spleen cells as the antigen and antigen-presenting cells respectively. |
| 264 | 7544248 | We report here that by conjugating to ISCAR a 19mer peptide containing linear B epitopes, a T helper (Th) epitope, and a H-2b-restricted T cytotoxic (CTL) epitope of E7 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), and immunizing C57B1/6 (H-2b) mice, we elicited (i) specific IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies; (ii) IL-2 and IL-4 production by specifically recalled lymph node cells in vitro; (iii) cytotoxic T lymphocytes which specifically killed both E7 peptide-pulsed, and whole E7 gene-transfected tumour target cells; and (iv) in vivo protection against an E7 gene-transfected tumour cell inoculum. |
| 265 | 7553683 | We tested biopsy specimens of eight subcutaneous metastases that had developed inflammation following vaccine treatment for expression of mRNA for interferon gamma (IFN gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and IL-10. |
| 266 | 7553683 | Post-vaccine, inflamed biopsies contained mRNA for IFN gamma (5/8), IL-4 (4/8) or both (3/8), and for TNF alpha (4/7). |
| 267 | 7553683 | In contrast, IFN gamma mRNA was detected in only 1/17 and TNF alpha mRNA in 2/16 control specimens (pre-treatment lymph node metastases or non-inflamed subcutaneous metastases). mRNA for IL-10, a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties, was detected in 24/25 melanoma metastases and was independent of lymphoid content; in situ the reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction confirmed that melanoma cells were the major source. |
| 268 | 7553683 | We tested biopsy specimens of eight subcutaneous metastases that had developed inflammation following vaccine treatment for expression of mRNA for interferon gamma (IFN gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and IL-10. |
| 269 | 7553683 | Post-vaccine, inflamed biopsies contained mRNA for IFN gamma (5/8), IL-4 (4/8) or both (3/8), and for TNF alpha (4/7). |
| 270 | 7553683 | In contrast, IFN gamma mRNA was detected in only 1/17 and TNF alpha mRNA in 2/16 control specimens (pre-treatment lymph node metastases or non-inflamed subcutaneous metastases). mRNA for IL-10, a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties, was detected in 24/25 melanoma metastases and was independent of lymphoid content; in situ the reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction confirmed that melanoma cells were the major source. |
| 271 | 7553882 | We have investigated the role of cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF) in the generation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), within a single tumor system. |
| 272 | 7553882 | Most cytokines stimulated nonspecific killers, but IL-2 and IL-3 stimulated primary CTL. |
| 273 | 7553882 | While IFN-gamma alone did not generate primary CTL, coexpression of IFN-gamma with IL-2 resulted in CTL generation. |
| 274 | 7554398 | Iscoms stimulated more secretion of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) than the micelles, but both antigenic forms stimulated secretion of IL-4. |
| 275 | 7554398 | DC and B cells pulsed with iscoms stimulated most efficiently the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 276 | 7561146 | Interferon-gamma or interleukin-2 are specific and reliable readouts; other cytokines can be measured to further characterize the TH1 and TH2 elements of the T cell responses, although tetanus-stimulated IL-4 production is detected in only a minority of healthy individuals. |
| 277 | 7571418 | More CD4+ than CD8+ gLN T cells were detected by flow cytometric analysis following primary vaginal inoculation and the majority of HSV-specific gLN T cells detected by ELISPOT were CD4+ and Th1-like based on secretion of IFN gamma and not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 278 | 7571418 | These data suggest that the urogenital cellular immune response elicited in mice following genital inoculation with HSV-2 tk- is predominantly CD4+ and Th1-like, resembling that observed in humans. |
| 279 | 7589080 | CD8+ T cells did not proliferate in vitro even in the presence of the appropriate peptide epitope and exogenous interleukin (IL)-2. |
| 280 | 7589080 | Primed popliteal lymph node cells produced IL-2, IL-5 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, but not IL-4 when restimulated with OVA in vitro. |
| 281 | 7591056 | CD4+ T cells isolated from the spleens of vaccinated mice produced large amounts of gamma interferon but no detectable interleukin 4 upon stimulation with PSA-2 in vitro. |
| 282 | 7594461 | In addition, CT also elicited adjuvant effects for Ag-specific IgG1, IgE, and IgA responses when two other protein Ags, OVA and hen egg white lysozyme, were given by the oral route. |
| 283 | 7594461 | Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR was performed to assess levels of mRNA for Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokine expression in TT-stimulated CD4+ T cell cultures. |
| 284 | 7594461 | Both Peyer's patches and splenic CD4+ T cells expressed markedly increased levels of IL-4-specific message, but did not result in changes in IFN-gamma mRNA expression. |
| 285 | 7594461 | In addition, CT also elicited adjuvant effects for Ag-specific IgG1, IgE, and IgA responses when two other protein Ags, OVA and hen egg white lysozyme, were given by the oral route. |
| 286 | 7594461 | Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR was performed to assess levels of mRNA for Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokine expression in TT-stimulated CD4+ T cell cultures. |
| 287 | 7594461 | Both Peyer's patches and splenic CD4+ T cells expressed markedly increased levels of IL-4-specific message, but did not result in changes in IFN-gamma mRNA expression. |
| 288 | 7595213 | In addition, T cells purified from the lymph nodes of BALB/c mice immunized with L. donovani or infected with L. major, and from CBA/J mice infected with L. amazonensis were stimulated to proliferate by the recombinant Ldp 23 and produced high levels of IFN-gamma and no IL 4. |
| 289 | 7612219 | Roles for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and IL-4 in Th1 and Th2 maturation have been demonstrated, although additional undefined signals are required. |
| 290 | 7614735 | In vitro T-cell responses were measured by proliferation and IL2, IFN-gamma, and IL4 release. |
| 291 | 7620165 | We investigated the production of cytokines by highly purified T helper cells from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients stimulated by different activation pathways, and we studied the influence of various accessory cell populations on the pattern of the secretion of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-10. |
| 292 | 7620165 | Neither a qualitative nor a quantitative difference in cytokine production and proliferative capacity was observed in CLL-derived purified T cells compared with normal individuals, when T cells were stimulated by different pathways, including CD3, CD2, and costimulation with CD28. |
| 293 | 7620165 | CLL cells as aAC caused a marked increase of IL-2, whereas IFN-gamma was only slightly induced and IL-4 was not influenced. |
| 294 | 7620165 | In contrast, in normal individuals addition of aAC, which predominantly consisted of monocytes, resulted in a significant increase of IFN-gamma and a reduction of IL-4 secretion. |
| 295 | 7620165 | On the other hand, purified monocytes from CLL patients and controls both induced IFN-gamma production and inhibited IL-4 secretion. |
| 296 | 7620165 | We investigated the production of cytokines by highly purified T helper cells from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients stimulated by different activation pathways, and we studied the influence of various accessory cell populations on the pattern of the secretion of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-10. |
| 297 | 7620165 | Neither a qualitative nor a quantitative difference in cytokine production and proliferative capacity was observed in CLL-derived purified T cells compared with normal individuals, when T cells were stimulated by different pathways, including CD3, CD2, and costimulation with CD28. |
| 298 | 7620165 | CLL cells as aAC caused a marked increase of IL-2, whereas IFN-gamma was only slightly induced and IL-4 was not influenced. |
| 299 | 7620165 | In contrast, in normal individuals addition of aAC, which predominantly consisted of monocytes, resulted in a significant increase of IFN-gamma and a reduction of IL-4 secretion. |
| 300 | 7620165 | On the other hand, purified monocytes from CLL patients and controls both induced IFN-gamma production and inhibited IL-4 secretion. |
| 301 | 7620165 | We investigated the production of cytokines by highly purified T helper cells from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients stimulated by different activation pathways, and we studied the influence of various accessory cell populations on the pattern of the secretion of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-10. |
| 302 | 7620165 | Neither a qualitative nor a quantitative difference in cytokine production and proliferative capacity was observed in CLL-derived purified T cells compared with normal individuals, when T cells were stimulated by different pathways, including CD3, CD2, and costimulation with CD28. |
| 303 | 7620165 | CLL cells as aAC caused a marked increase of IL-2, whereas IFN-gamma was only slightly induced and IL-4 was not influenced. |
| 304 | 7620165 | In contrast, in normal individuals addition of aAC, which predominantly consisted of monocytes, resulted in a significant increase of IFN-gamma and a reduction of IL-4 secretion. |
| 305 | 7620165 | On the other hand, purified monocytes from CLL patients and controls both induced IFN-gamma production and inhibited IL-4 secretion. |
| 306 | 7620165 | We investigated the production of cytokines by highly purified T helper cells from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients stimulated by different activation pathways, and we studied the influence of various accessory cell populations on the pattern of the secretion of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-10. |
| 307 | 7620165 | Neither a qualitative nor a quantitative difference in cytokine production and proliferative capacity was observed in CLL-derived purified T cells compared with normal individuals, when T cells were stimulated by different pathways, including CD3, CD2, and costimulation with CD28. |
| 308 | 7620165 | CLL cells as aAC caused a marked increase of IL-2, whereas IFN-gamma was only slightly induced and IL-4 was not influenced. |
| 309 | 7620165 | In contrast, in normal individuals addition of aAC, which predominantly consisted of monocytes, resulted in a significant increase of IFN-gamma and a reduction of IL-4 secretion. |
| 310 | 7620165 | On the other hand, purified monocytes from CLL patients and controls both induced IFN-gamma production and inhibited IL-4 secretion. |
| 311 | 7621248 | The transduced cells expressed the cytokine gene, secreted biologically active gamma IFN, and exhibited enhanced expression of MHC class I and class II (HLA-DR), and ICAM-1 surface antigens. |
| 312 | 7621248 | Lymphocyte cultures that displayed increases in cytotoxicity after stimulation with the gamma IFN-transduced melanoma cells also exhibited enhanced expression or induction of one or more of the following lymphokines: IL-4, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, gamma IFN, and TNF-alpha. |
| 313 | 7622110 | Like the parental cell line (UCI-107), UCI 107E IL-4 GS cells expressed MHC class I and Her-2/neu surface antigens but did not express detectable MHC class II, ICAM 1, CA 125, or IL-4 receptors. |
| 314 | 7625646 | TH1 cells, which secrete IFN gamma and IL-2, are associated with CMI, rather than humoral responses, and afford protection against intracellular infections including parasites. |
| 315 | 7625646 | In contrast, TH2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10; elicit high-titer antibody responses and poor CMI; and are associated with susceptibility to infection with intracellular pathogens. |
| 316 | 7631143 | Comparison of the number of IL-4 and IFN-gamma secreting cells in response to the malaria vaccine candidate antigen Pf155/RESA in two groups of naturally primed individuals living in a malaria endemic area in Burkina Faso. |
| 317 | 7631143 | The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay was used to enumerate the number of IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing cells after in vitro stimulation with a highly purified recombinant malaria vaccine candidate antigen (r-Pf155/RESA) or synthetic peptides corresponding to its major T-cell epitopes. |
| 318 | 7631143 | Comparison of the number of IL-4 and IFN-gamma secreting cells in response to the malaria vaccine candidate antigen Pf155/RESA in two groups of naturally primed individuals living in a malaria endemic area in Burkina Faso. |
| 319 | 7631143 | The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay was used to enumerate the number of IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing cells after in vitro stimulation with a highly purified recombinant malaria vaccine candidate antigen (r-Pf155/RESA) or synthetic peptides corresponding to its major T-cell epitopes. |
| 320 | 7636200 | Although not affecting the outcome of primary challenge, serologic ablation of TGF-beta in the former animals abrogated development of acquired resistance and resulted in impaired production of IL-12/IFN-gamma and higher expression of IL-4/IL-10 at the time of reinfection with virulent yeast. |
| 321 | 7636200 | In addition to previous evidence for an obligatory role of IFN-gamma and IL-12 in Candida-driven Th1 cell differentiation in vivo, the present data establish TGF-beta as a third cytokine, the presence of which may be required for optimal Th1 development leading to long-lived anticandidal resistance. |
| 322 | 7660067 | The addition of IL-2, IL-4, and anti-CD40 or anti-CD28 antibodies or the removal of antigen did not restore the B cell response. |
| 323 | 7678098 | CD4+ T-cell clones derived by stimulation with the intact Bb-1 fusion protein were used to identify two T-cell epitopes in the Bb-1A protein, consisting of amino acids SVVLLSAFSGN VWANEAEVSQVVK and FSDVDKTKSTEKT (residues 23 to 46 and 82 to 94). |
| 324 | 7678098 | Biological assays and Northern (RNA) blot analyses for cytokines revealed that following activation with concanavalin A, T-cell clones reactive against the two Bb-1A epitopes produced interleukin-2, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factors beta and alpha, but not interleukin-4, suggesting that the Bb-1 antigen preferentially stimulates the Th1 subset of CD4+ T cells in cattle. |
| 325 | 7679048 | The potential of tumor cells (J558L) engineered to produce one of 5 different cytokines (interleukin 2, interleukin 4, interleukin 7, tumor necrosis factor, or gamma-interferon) to give rise to systemic immunity protective against a contralateral challenge with the parental cells was analyzed. |
| 326 | 7690528 | This clone overproduces IL-4 and IL-5, cytokines that promote IgE synthesis. |
| 327 | 7690528 | When these cells are rendered nonresponsive by incubation with a supraoptimal concentration of their allergen peptide determinant, they lose their ability to secrete IL-4 but maintain interferon gamma production. |
| 328 | 7690528 | This clone overproduces IL-4 and IL-5, cytokines that promote IgE synthesis. |
| 329 | 7690528 | When these cells are rendered nonresponsive by incubation with a supraoptimal concentration of their allergen peptide determinant, they lose their ability to secrete IL-4 but maintain interferon gamma production. |
| 330 | 7699320 | Poliovirus-specific CD4+ Th1 clones with both cytotoxic and helper activity mediate protective humoral immunity against a lethal poliovirus infection in transgenic mice expressing the human poliovirus receptor. |
| 331 | 7699320 | The current understanding of the function of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells in immunity to infectious diseases is that Th1 cells, which secrete interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma, induce cellular immune responses, whereas Th2 cells, which secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, provide helper function for humoral immunity. |
| 332 | 7699320 | We have used a panel of poliovirus-specific murine CD4+ T cell clones and mice transgenic for the human poliovirus receptor to evaluate the role of Th cell subpopulations in protective immunity to poliovirus. |
| 333 | 7699320 | The majority of T cell clones, as well as polyclonal T cells generated from mice infected or immunized with poliovirus, secreted IL-2 and interferon-gamma, but not IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10, a profile typical of Th1 cells. |
| 334 | 7699320 | Poliovirus-specific CD4+ Th1 clones with both cytotoxic and helper activity mediate protective humoral immunity against a lethal poliovirus infection in transgenic mice expressing the human poliovirus receptor. |
| 335 | 7699320 | The current understanding of the function of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells in immunity to infectious diseases is that Th1 cells, which secrete interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma, induce cellular immune responses, whereas Th2 cells, which secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, provide helper function for humoral immunity. |
| 336 | 7699320 | We have used a panel of poliovirus-specific murine CD4+ T cell clones and mice transgenic for the human poliovirus receptor to evaluate the role of Th cell subpopulations in protective immunity to poliovirus. |
| 337 | 7699320 | The majority of T cell clones, as well as polyclonal T cells generated from mice infected or immunized with poliovirus, secreted IL-2 and interferon-gamma, but not IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10, a profile typical of Th1 cells. |
| 338 | 7702748 | Of the two T-cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+) carrying alpha/beta T-cell receptors, the CD4+ T cells are of major importance for the development of blood stage immunity in both experimental and human malaria. |
| 339 | 7702748 | In some rodent malarias, TH1 cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-2 are important for controlling infection in its early phases, while TH2 cells, producing i.a. |
| 340 | 7702748 | IL-4 and IL-10, together with antibodies, are important for parasite clearance in later phases of infection. |
| 341 | 7702748 | In contrast to the CD4+ T cells, the role of CD8+ T cells in blood stage infection appears to be limited, but suppression of some CD4+ activities has been reported for both experimental and human malaria. |
| 342 | 7711138 | Murine retroviral vectors encoding the human IL-7 gene and the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neoR) were packaged into murine retroviral particles, and supernatants containing these retroviral vectors were used to infect a CD4+ lymphoblastoid cell line. |
| 343 | 7711138 | Production of IL-4, IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was detected after antigenic stimulation; there was, however, no effect of IL-7 on the pattern or kinetics of cytokine production by these cells. |
| 344 | 7720078 | The in vivo effects of neutralizing antibodies against IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10 on the humoral immune response in young and aged mice. |
| 345 | 7720078 | Treatment of aged mice with anti-IFN-gamma, anti-IL-4, or anti-IL-10 resulted in levels of IgM and IgG1 comparable to those found in young mice, whereas IgG2a and IgG2b were further decreased. |
| 346 | 7720078 | Anti-IL-4 caused a decrease only in IgG3 while anti-IL-10 increased IgM and IgG1 and decreased IgG2b and IgG3. |
| 347 | 7720078 | The in vivo effects of neutralizing antibodies against IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10 on the humoral immune response in young and aged mice. |
| 348 | 7720078 | Treatment of aged mice with anti-IFN-gamma, anti-IL-4, or anti-IL-10 resulted in levels of IgM and IgG1 comparable to those found in young mice, whereas IgG2a and IgG2b were further decreased. |
| 349 | 7720078 | Anti-IL-4 caused a decrease only in IgG3 while anti-IL-10 increased IgM and IgG1 and decreased IgG2b and IgG3. |
| 350 | 7720078 | The in vivo effects of neutralizing antibodies against IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10 on the humoral immune response in young and aged mice. |
| 351 | 7720078 | Treatment of aged mice with anti-IFN-gamma, anti-IL-4, or anti-IL-10 resulted in levels of IgM and IgG1 comparable to those found in young mice, whereas IgG2a and IgG2b were further decreased. |
| 352 | 7720078 | Anti-IL-4 caused a decrease only in IgG3 while anti-IL-10 increased IgM and IgG1 and decreased IgG2b and IgG3. |
| 353 | 7722323 | IL-12-treated animals displayed a marked increase in pulmonary IFN-gamma and IL-12 p40 mRNA expression, while levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were suppressed significantly during the period of vaccination. |
| 354 | 7722323 | Surprisingly, IL-12-treated/vaccinated mice failed to demonstrate a significant increase in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or nitric oxide synthase mRNA at the time of challenge infection when compared with vaccinated controls, but did, however, display significantly suppressed Th2 cytokine mRNA production. |
| 355 | 7722322 | Exposure to supernatant fluids (SNs) from Ag stimulated spleen cells of i.d., but not i.v. or i.m., immunized mice activated inflammatory M phi for in vitro killing of schistosome larvae, through a mechanism dependent on both IFN gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 356 | 7722322 | No evidence was observed for the preferential induction of the M phi activating Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 in i.d. immunized mice, nor did spleen cells from nonprotected animals produce higher levels of the Th2 associated cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, which are known to prevent M phi activation. |
| 357 | 7729911 | In further studies on the cytokine profile of the responding lymphocytes, it was observed that the balance between IFN-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion depended on the source of antigen used for restimulation. |
| 358 | 7729911 | Thus, material released between days 6 and 8 by in vitro-cultured larvae, and the soluble extracts of whole lung-stage larvae, induced abundant IFN-gamma but little IL-4. |
| 359 | 7729911 | In contrast, antigens from cercariae and skin-stage larvae induced the lowest levels of IFN-gamma but higher levels of IL-4. |
| 360 | 7729911 | In further studies on the cytokine profile of the responding lymphocytes, it was observed that the balance between IFN-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion depended on the source of antigen used for restimulation. |
| 361 | 7729911 | Thus, material released between days 6 and 8 by in vitro-cultured larvae, and the soluble extracts of whole lung-stage larvae, induced abundant IFN-gamma but little IL-4. |
| 362 | 7729911 | In contrast, antigens from cercariae and skin-stage larvae induced the lowest levels of IFN-gamma but higher levels of IL-4. |
| 363 | 7729911 | In further studies on the cytokine profile of the responding lymphocytes, it was observed that the balance between IFN-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion depended on the source of antigen used for restimulation. |
| 364 | 7729911 | Thus, material released between days 6 and 8 by in vitro-cultured larvae, and the soluble extracts of whole lung-stage larvae, induced abundant IFN-gamma but little IL-4. |
| 365 | 7729911 | In contrast, antigens from cercariae and skin-stage larvae induced the lowest levels of IFN-gamma but higher levels of IL-4. |
| 366 | 7750991 | Spleen and lymph node cells from the immunized mice produced significant amounts of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) but no detectable IL-4 when cultured with L. major antigens in vitro. |
| 367 | 7755513 | We have also shown that synthetic peptides representing sequences from the amino-acid repeat regions of Pf155/RESA stimulate T-cells from P. falciparum primed donors to proliferate, to release IFN-gamma and/or IL-4. |
| 368 | 7755513 | CD4+ T-cells recognize the antigen in the context of MHC class II molecules. |
| 369 | 7790090 | Human peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells express Th1-like cytokine mRNA and proteins following in vitro stimulation with heat-inactivated Brucella abortus. |
| 370 | 7790090 | Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5 induction was assayed by mRNA-specific PCR and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bioassay for protein production. |
| 371 | 7790090 | Following depletion of monocytes and B cells, B. abortus increased IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression in purified T cells compared with expression in unstimulated cells. |
| 372 | 7790090 | In contrast, no IL-5 mRNA expression and only transient low-level IL-4 mRNA expression and no IL-4 protein secretion were detected. |
| 373 | 7790090 | Both CD4+ and CD8+ populations produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 in response to B. abortus. |
| 374 | 7790090 | Human peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells express Th1-like cytokine mRNA and proteins following in vitro stimulation with heat-inactivated Brucella abortus. |
| 375 | 7790090 | Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5 induction was assayed by mRNA-specific PCR and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bioassay for protein production. |
| 376 | 7790090 | Following depletion of monocytes and B cells, B. abortus increased IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression in purified T cells compared with expression in unstimulated cells. |
| 377 | 7790090 | In contrast, no IL-5 mRNA expression and only transient low-level IL-4 mRNA expression and no IL-4 protein secretion were detected. |
| 378 | 7790090 | Both CD4+ and CD8+ populations produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 in response to B. abortus. |
| 379 | 7796670 | Th1 cells characteristically secrete interleukin 1 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) whereas Th2 cells produce mainly IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10. |
| 380 | 7796670 | The protective effect of the vaccine was augmented by administration of BRD509 carrying the genes encoding IL-2, IFN-gamma or tumour necrosis factor alpha. |
| 381 | 7806429 | Upregulation of TH-1 helper cells and their actions with interleukins like IL-2, IL-12, and gamma IFN or antibodies to IL-4 and IL-10 may augment potently pathogen and tumor resistance. |
| 382 | 7806429 | Similarly, transfection of tumor target cells with genes for IL-2, IL-12, gamma IFN, etc., offers novel vaccine treatment approaches. |
| 383 | 7855624 | We also are studying two approaches for stimulating T-cells in tumor-conditioned hosts. (1) We have shown that IL-7 has potent costimulatory effects on T cells as well as some antitumor effects. (2) We are developing a comprehensive vaccine-type gene therapy approach whereby T cells and antigen-presenting dendritic cells are recruited through the use of antigen, chemokines and GM-CSF. |
| 384 | 7855624 | Studies are in progress to determine whether the activity of these recruited cells can then be potentiated by Renca or fibroblast transfectants that express T-cell costimulatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, or IL-12). |
| 385 | 7868269 | We have previously demonstrated that spleen cells from Brucella-infected mice produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in response to Brucella antigens in vitro, while spleen cells from mice immunized with soluble Brucella proteins (SBP) produced substantial amounts of IL-2 but no detectable amount of IFN-gamma. |
| 386 | 7868269 | In this study, we further analyzed the response of T cells from Brucella-infected mice and SBP-immunized mice and demonstrated that CD4(+)-enriched cells from SBP-immunized mice also produced significant amounts of IL-4, which was not detected in bulk cultures of spleen cells from infected mice. |
| 387 | 7868269 | Limiting dilution analysis showed that infection resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells and a lower precursor frequency of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells, while immunization with SBP resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IL-4-producing cells and a very low frequency of IFN-gamma-producing cells. |
| 388 | 7868269 | Furthermore, IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells from infected donor mice were capable of mediating resistance against challenge infection in recipient mice, but IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells from immunized mice failed to do so. |
| 389 | 7868269 | We have previously demonstrated that spleen cells from Brucella-infected mice produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in response to Brucella antigens in vitro, while spleen cells from mice immunized with soluble Brucella proteins (SBP) produced substantial amounts of IL-2 but no detectable amount of IFN-gamma. |
| 390 | 7868269 | In this study, we further analyzed the response of T cells from Brucella-infected mice and SBP-immunized mice and demonstrated that CD4(+)-enriched cells from SBP-immunized mice also produced significant amounts of IL-4, which was not detected in bulk cultures of spleen cells from infected mice. |
| 391 | 7868269 | Limiting dilution analysis showed that infection resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells and a lower precursor frequency of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells, while immunization with SBP resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IL-4-producing cells and a very low frequency of IFN-gamma-producing cells. |
| 392 | 7868269 | Furthermore, IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells from infected donor mice were capable of mediating resistance against challenge infection in recipient mice, but IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells from immunized mice failed to do so. |
| 393 | 7868269 | We have previously demonstrated that spleen cells from Brucella-infected mice produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in response to Brucella antigens in vitro, while spleen cells from mice immunized with soluble Brucella proteins (SBP) produced substantial amounts of IL-2 but no detectable amount of IFN-gamma. |
| 394 | 7868269 | In this study, we further analyzed the response of T cells from Brucella-infected mice and SBP-immunized mice and demonstrated that CD4(+)-enriched cells from SBP-immunized mice also produced significant amounts of IL-4, which was not detected in bulk cultures of spleen cells from infected mice. |
| 395 | 7868269 | Limiting dilution analysis showed that infection resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells and a lower precursor frequency of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells, while immunization with SBP resulted in a higher precursor frequency of IL-4-producing cells and a very low frequency of IFN-gamma-producing cells. |
| 396 | 7868269 | Furthermore, IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells from infected donor mice were capable of mediating resistance against challenge infection in recipient mice, but IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells from immunized mice failed to do so. |
| 397 | 7875746 | Recombinant L7/L12 ribosomal protein and gamma-irradiated Brucella abortus induce a T-helper 1 subset response from murine CD4+ T cells. |
| 398 | 7875746 | In addition to Ag-specific proliferation, CD4+ T cells were tested for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA expression and secretion. |
| 399 | 7875746 | The functional cytokine profile of the proliferating cells was typical of a Th1 cell phenotype, as we detected transcripts for IL-2 and IFN-gamma but not IL-4. |
| 400 | 7875746 | Recombinant L7/L12 ribosomal protein and gamma-irradiated Brucella abortus induce a T-helper 1 subset response from murine CD4+ T cells. |
| 401 | 7875746 | In addition to Ag-specific proliferation, CD4+ T cells were tested for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA expression and secretion. |
| 402 | 7875746 | The functional cytokine profile of the proliferating cells was typical of a Th1 cell phenotype, as we detected transcripts for IL-2 and IFN-gamma but not IL-4. |
| 403 | 7879420 | Spleen cells from the immunized mice produced significant levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma but no detectable IL-4 when cultured with leishmanial antigens in vitro. |
| 404 | 7882382 | These cytokines include interleukins IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and also soluble intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1. |
| 405 | 7882559 | This study concerns the production of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) throughout the six weekly instillations which comprise a therapeutic course. |
| 406 | 7882559 | Sequential instillations of BCG induced secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and sICAM-1 into urine. |
| 407 | 7882559 | IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) could be detected after the first instillation, whilst others (e.g. |
| 408 | 7882559 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were not detected until after the third or fourth instillation. |
| 409 | 7882591 | The effect of IL-4 is not mediated by quantitative modifications of class II and B7 molecule expression or of IL-1 beta production. |
| 410 | 7888198 | This qualitative progression in the nature of gp120-specific immune responses with subsequent immunizations was paralleled by a simultaneous shift in the interferon-gamma and interleukin 4 release profiles following antigen stimulation of splenocytes in vitro. |
| 411 | 7902215 | In vitro synthesis of IL-4 by human CD4+ T cells requires repeated antigenic stimulation. |
| 412 | 7902215 | Although Th2 helper cell clones produce IL-4 and IL-5, CD4+ T cells taken fresh from lymphoid organs of mice produce IL-2 and some IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 413 | 7902215 | The exact parameters that enhance the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, and particularly IL-10 from resting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is not yet clear. |
| 414 | 7902215 | We therefore examined the kinetics of, and the parameters that affect, the development of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production in bulk populations of antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells. |
| 415 | 7902215 | We demonstrated that in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with antigen (tetanus toxoid or a viral antigen, Varicella zoster) for several days resulted in the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 416 | 7902215 | Furthermore, we observed that human CD4+ T cells from either allergic or nonallergic individuals failed to produce significant quantities of IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 even after several rounds of stimulation with soluble protein (nonallergen) antigens such as tetanus toxoid or Var. z. |
| 417 | 7902215 | In addition, substantial quantities of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were produced by CD4+ T cells from allergic subjects in the absence of exogenous IL-4, but only after two stimulations in vitro with allergens such as rye grass pollen or dust mite allergen. |
| 418 | 7902215 | These results indicate that the development of IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis occurs in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in a stepwise fashion, first with the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and later with the production of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 419 | 7902215 | In vitro synthesis of IL-4 by human CD4+ T cells requires repeated antigenic stimulation. |
| 420 | 7902215 | Although Th2 helper cell clones produce IL-4 and IL-5, CD4+ T cells taken fresh from lymphoid organs of mice produce IL-2 and some IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 421 | 7902215 | The exact parameters that enhance the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, and particularly IL-10 from resting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is not yet clear. |
| 422 | 7902215 | We therefore examined the kinetics of, and the parameters that affect, the development of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production in bulk populations of antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells. |
| 423 | 7902215 | We demonstrated that in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with antigen (tetanus toxoid or a viral antigen, Varicella zoster) for several days resulted in the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 424 | 7902215 | Furthermore, we observed that human CD4+ T cells from either allergic or nonallergic individuals failed to produce significant quantities of IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 even after several rounds of stimulation with soluble protein (nonallergen) antigens such as tetanus toxoid or Var. z. |
| 425 | 7902215 | In addition, substantial quantities of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were produced by CD4+ T cells from allergic subjects in the absence of exogenous IL-4, but only after two stimulations in vitro with allergens such as rye grass pollen or dust mite allergen. |
| 426 | 7902215 | These results indicate that the development of IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis occurs in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in a stepwise fashion, first with the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and later with the production of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 427 | 7902215 | In vitro synthesis of IL-4 by human CD4+ T cells requires repeated antigenic stimulation. |
| 428 | 7902215 | Although Th2 helper cell clones produce IL-4 and IL-5, CD4+ T cells taken fresh from lymphoid organs of mice produce IL-2 and some IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 429 | 7902215 | The exact parameters that enhance the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, and particularly IL-10 from resting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is not yet clear. |
| 430 | 7902215 | We therefore examined the kinetics of, and the parameters that affect, the development of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production in bulk populations of antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells. |
| 431 | 7902215 | We demonstrated that in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with antigen (tetanus toxoid or a viral antigen, Varicella zoster) for several days resulted in the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 432 | 7902215 | Furthermore, we observed that human CD4+ T cells from either allergic or nonallergic individuals failed to produce significant quantities of IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 even after several rounds of stimulation with soluble protein (nonallergen) antigens such as tetanus toxoid or Var. z. |
| 433 | 7902215 | In addition, substantial quantities of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were produced by CD4+ T cells from allergic subjects in the absence of exogenous IL-4, but only after two stimulations in vitro with allergens such as rye grass pollen or dust mite allergen. |
| 434 | 7902215 | These results indicate that the development of IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis occurs in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in a stepwise fashion, first with the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and later with the production of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 435 | 7902215 | In vitro synthesis of IL-4 by human CD4+ T cells requires repeated antigenic stimulation. |
| 436 | 7902215 | Although Th2 helper cell clones produce IL-4 and IL-5, CD4+ T cells taken fresh from lymphoid organs of mice produce IL-2 and some IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 437 | 7902215 | The exact parameters that enhance the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, and particularly IL-10 from resting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is not yet clear. |
| 438 | 7902215 | We therefore examined the kinetics of, and the parameters that affect, the development of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production in bulk populations of antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells. |
| 439 | 7902215 | We demonstrated that in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with antigen (tetanus toxoid or a viral antigen, Varicella zoster) for several days resulted in the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 440 | 7902215 | Furthermore, we observed that human CD4+ T cells from either allergic or nonallergic individuals failed to produce significant quantities of IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 even after several rounds of stimulation with soluble protein (nonallergen) antigens such as tetanus toxoid or Var. z. |
| 441 | 7902215 | In addition, substantial quantities of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were produced by CD4+ T cells from allergic subjects in the absence of exogenous IL-4, but only after two stimulations in vitro with allergens such as rye grass pollen or dust mite allergen. |
| 442 | 7902215 | These results indicate that the development of IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis occurs in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in a stepwise fashion, first with the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and later with the production of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 443 | 7902215 | In vitro synthesis of IL-4 by human CD4+ T cells requires repeated antigenic stimulation. |
| 444 | 7902215 | Although Th2 helper cell clones produce IL-4 and IL-5, CD4+ T cells taken fresh from lymphoid organs of mice produce IL-2 and some IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 445 | 7902215 | The exact parameters that enhance the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, and particularly IL-10 from resting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is not yet clear. |
| 446 | 7902215 | We therefore examined the kinetics of, and the parameters that affect, the development of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production in bulk populations of antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells. |
| 447 | 7902215 | We demonstrated that in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with antigen (tetanus toxoid or a viral antigen, Varicella zoster) for several days resulted in the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 448 | 7902215 | Furthermore, we observed that human CD4+ T cells from either allergic or nonallergic individuals failed to produce significant quantities of IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 even after several rounds of stimulation with soluble protein (nonallergen) antigens such as tetanus toxoid or Var. z. |
| 449 | 7902215 | In addition, substantial quantities of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were produced by CD4+ T cells from allergic subjects in the absence of exogenous IL-4, but only after two stimulations in vitro with allergens such as rye grass pollen or dust mite allergen. |
| 450 | 7902215 | These results indicate that the development of IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis occurs in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in a stepwise fashion, first with the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and later with the production of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 451 | 7902215 | In vitro synthesis of IL-4 by human CD4+ T cells requires repeated antigenic stimulation. |
| 452 | 7902215 | Although Th2 helper cell clones produce IL-4 and IL-5, CD4+ T cells taken fresh from lymphoid organs of mice produce IL-2 and some IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 453 | 7902215 | The exact parameters that enhance the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, and particularly IL-10 from resting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is not yet clear. |
| 454 | 7902215 | We therefore examined the kinetics of, and the parameters that affect, the development of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production in bulk populations of antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells. |
| 455 | 7902215 | We demonstrated that in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with antigen (tetanus toxoid or a viral antigen, Varicella zoster) for several days resulted in the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 456 | 7902215 | Furthermore, we observed that human CD4+ T cells from either allergic or nonallergic individuals failed to produce significant quantities of IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 even after several rounds of stimulation with soluble protein (nonallergen) antigens such as tetanus toxoid or Var. z. |
| 457 | 7902215 | In addition, substantial quantities of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were produced by CD4+ T cells from allergic subjects in the absence of exogenous IL-4, but only after two stimulations in vitro with allergens such as rye grass pollen or dust mite allergen. |
| 458 | 7902215 | These results indicate that the development of IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis occurs in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in a stepwise fashion, first with the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and later with the production of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 459 | 7902215 | In vitro synthesis of IL-4 by human CD4+ T cells requires repeated antigenic stimulation. |
| 460 | 7902215 | Although Th2 helper cell clones produce IL-4 and IL-5, CD4+ T cells taken fresh from lymphoid organs of mice produce IL-2 and some IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 461 | 7902215 | The exact parameters that enhance the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, and particularly IL-10 from resting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is not yet clear. |
| 462 | 7902215 | We therefore examined the kinetics of, and the parameters that affect, the development of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production in bulk populations of antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells. |
| 463 | 7902215 | We demonstrated that in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with antigen (tetanus toxoid or a viral antigen, Varicella zoster) for several days resulted in the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 464 | 7902215 | Furthermore, we observed that human CD4+ T cells from either allergic or nonallergic individuals failed to produce significant quantities of IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 even after several rounds of stimulation with soluble protein (nonallergen) antigens such as tetanus toxoid or Var. z. |
| 465 | 7902215 | In addition, substantial quantities of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were produced by CD4+ T cells from allergic subjects in the absence of exogenous IL-4, but only after two stimulations in vitro with allergens such as rye grass pollen or dust mite allergen. |
| 466 | 7902215 | These results indicate that the development of IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis occurs in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in a stepwise fashion, first with the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and later with the production of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 467 | 7902215 | In vitro synthesis of IL-4 by human CD4+ T cells requires repeated antigenic stimulation. |
| 468 | 7902215 | Although Th2 helper cell clones produce IL-4 and IL-5, CD4+ T cells taken fresh from lymphoid organs of mice produce IL-2 and some IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 469 | 7902215 | The exact parameters that enhance the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, and particularly IL-10 from resting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is not yet clear. |
| 470 | 7902215 | We therefore examined the kinetics of, and the parameters that affect, the development of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production in bulk populations of antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells. |
| 471 | 7902215 | We demonstrated that in vitro stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with antigen (tetanus toxoid or a viral antigen, Varicella zoster) for several days resulted in the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 472 | 7902215 | Furthermore, we observed that human CD4+ T cells from either allergic or nonallergic individuals failed to produce significant quantities of IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 even after several rounds of stimulation with soluble protein (nonallergen) antigens such as tetanus toxoid or Var. z. |
| 473 | 7902215 | In addition, substantial quantities of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were produced by CD4+ T cells from allergic subjects in the absence of exogenous IL-4, but only after two stimulations in vitro with allergens such as rye grass pollen or dust mite allergen. |
| 474 | 7902215 | These results indicate that the development of IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis occurs in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in a stepwise fashion, first with the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and later with the production of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 475 | 7910675 | We have found that the cause of the blunted response to HBV vaccination is multifactorial and seems to be associated with the following: (1) A reduced number of TCR/CD3 antigen receptor complexes on freshly isolated uraemic CD4 T cells, especially in non-responders. (2) The blunted proliferative response of uraemic CD4 T cells isolated from non-responders and stimulated for 6 days by autologous monocytes presenting HBsAg was associated with the decreased density of the TCR/CD3 receptors. (3) Moreover, in uraemic non-responders the expression of adhesion and accessory molecules on monocytes (intercellular adhesion molecule-1/ICAM-1, HLA-DR/Ia/) was significantly decreased following the culture with autologous monocytes serving as HBsAg-presenting cells. |
| 476 | 7910675 | CD4 molecules and lymphocyte function antigen-1 beta/LFA-1 beta/ on helper-inducer T cells were increased before and after the culture. (4) These findings were also associated with a diminished binding capacity of IL-1 beta and IL-6 to their receptors on helper-inducer T cells. (5) IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production was decreased in uraemic non-responders, especially after 72 h of the culture. (6) Inhibited proliferation of helper-inducer T cells in uraemic non-responders was only partially reversible in the presence of exogenous IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-2 and IFN-gamma. (7) HLA typing of uraemic non-responders was associated with extended haplotype: HLA A1,B8,DR3,DR7,DQ2. |
| 477 | 7911046 | It has been shown to be necessary for the T cell independent induction of interferon (IFN)-gamma, critical for the initial suppression of bacterial and parasitic infection; for the development of a Th1 response, critical for effective host defense against intracellular pathogens; and for the activation of differentiated T lymphocytes of both CD4+ and CD8+ phenotype. |
| 478 | 7911046 | In addition to the therapeutic potential associated with IL-12 activity in these disease models, the understanding of its role in immune development and interaction with other cytokines, particularly antagonists, such as IL-4 and IL-10, has clarified and extended our understanding of immune regulation and should lead to significant developments in understanding the progression of AIDS and the development of vaccine adjuvants able to direct the immune response. |
| 479 | 7929809 | We here report the unexpected observations that IL-12 exerts differential effects on the maturation of "native" human CD4 T cells isolated from umbilical cord blood or from the blood of healthy adults. |
| 480 | 7929809 | After priming in the presence of IL-12, naive cells of adult donors, defined as CD45R0- CD4+ T cells, acquire a Th1 phenotype whereas neonatal cells develop into effector cells producing high levels of IL-4 in addition to IFN-gamma. |
| 481 | 7929809 | This effect of IL-12 on neonatal T cells is direct inasmuch as it is observed on highly purified CD4 T cells, however, it is not inhibited by CD8 T cells and natural killer cells. |
| 482 | 7929809 | Given that IL-4 is a potent antagonist of Th1 responses, the finding that IL-12 promotes the maturation of neonatal T cells into IL-4 producers may explain the increased susceptibility of neonates to intracellular pathogens and should be taken into account for the development of vaccines to be used in the perinatal period. |
| 483 | 7929809 | We here report the unexpected observations that IL-12 exerts differential effects on the maturation of "native" human CD4 T cells isolated from umbilical cord blood or from the blood of healthy adults. |
| 484 | 7929809 | After priming in the presence of IL-12, naive cells of adult donors, defined as CD45R0- CD4+ T cells, acquire a Th1 phenotype whereas neonatal cells develop into effector cells producing high levels of IL-4 in addition to IFN-gamma. |
| 485 | 7929809 | This effect of IL-12 on neonatal T cells is direct inasmuch as it is observed on highly purified CD4 T cells, however, it is not inhibited by CD8 T cells and natural killer cells. |
| 486 | 7929809 | Given that IL-4 is a potent antagonist of Th1 responses, the finding that IL-12 promotes the maturation of neonatal T cells into IL-4 producers may explain the increased susceptibility of neonates to intracellular pathogens and should be taken into account for the development of vaccines to be used in the perinatal period. |
| 487 | 7930566 | Finally, the inhibitory effect induced by rolipram is independent of its stereochemistry and cannot be exclusively attributed to deficits in IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 488 | 7930610 | Pooled mouse sera were analyzed by ELISA at various times after immunization for IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 489 | 7930610 | In naive mice, vaccine alone induced low levels of IL-3 and IL-5 only; vaccine plus alum induced a low IL-6 response as well. |
| 490 | 7930610 | The MF59-based adjuvants significantly increased the IL-5 and IL-6 levels, whereas Quil A LTC induced strong IFN-gamma and measurable IL-2 responses, in addition to moderate IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 491 | 7930610 | In previously infected mice, MF59 and MF59/MTP-PE were capable of generating IFN-gamma responses, as well as IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 492 | 7962541 | This was associated with an augmented CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, increased expression of IFN-gamma mRNA relative to IL-4 mRNA, and a higher titer of RSV-specific IgG2a in the anti-IL-4 treated mice before challenge. |
| 493 | 7962541 | These results suggest that inhibition of IL-4 action at immunization can shift the selective activation of lymphocytes to a more Th1-like response. |
| 494 | 7962541 | This was associated with an augmented CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, increased expression of IFN-gamma mRNA relative to IL-4 mRNA, and a higher titer of RSV-specific IgG2a in the anti-IL-4 treated mice before challenge. |
| 495 | 7962541 | These results suggest that inhibition of IL-4 action at immunization can shift the selective activation of lymphocytes to a more Th1-like response. |
| 496 | 7963574 | In the present study, IL-12-neutralizing Abs or recombinant IL-12 were administered to mice with healing or progressive candidiasis, respectively, and the animals were monitored for mortality, resistance to reinfection, serum levels of specific Abs, and IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 message/protein expression by CD4+ cells. |
| 497 | 7963574 | In mice with progressive systemic disease as well as in a mucosal infection model, administration of IL-12 did not result in therapeutic activity under conditions of yeast infection that would instead be resolved by serologic ablation of IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 498 | 7963574 | Yet, in systemically infected mice cured by anti-IL-4 or anti-IL-10 therapy, the emergence of a Th1 response correlated with the detection of high levels of circulating IL-12 and splenic IL-12 transcripts. |
| 499 | 7963574 | Although exogenous IL-12 may not be sufficient for Th conversion in the presence of an overwhelming IL-4/IL-10 response, endogenous production of IL-12 may be both required and prognostic for Th1 differentiation in vivo. |
| 500 | 7963574 | In the present study, IL-12-neutralizing Abs or recombinant IL-12 were administered to mice with healing or progressive candidiasis, respectively, and the animals were monitored for mortality, resistance to reinfection, serum levels of specific Abs, and IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 message/protein expression by CD4+ cells. |
| 501 | 7963574 | In mice with progressive systemic disease as well as in a mucosal infection model, administration of IL-12 did not result in therapeutic activity under conditions of yeast infection that would instead be resolved by serologic ablation of IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 502 | 7963574 | Yet, in systemically infected mice cured by anti-IL-4 or anti-IL-10 therapy, the emergence of a Th1 response correlated with the detection of high levels of circulating IL-12 and splenic IL-12 transcripts. |
| 503 | 7963574 | Although exogenous IL-12 may not be sufficient for Th conversion in the presence of an overwhelming IL-4/IL-10 response, endogenous production of IL-12 may be both required and prognostic for Th1 differentiation in vivo. |
| 504 | 7963574 | In the present study, IL-12-neutralizing Abs or recombinant IL-12 were administered to mice with healing or progressive candidiasis, respectively, and the animals were monitored for mortality, resistance to reinfection, serum levels of specific Abs, and IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 message/protein expression by CD4+ cells. |
| 505 | 7963574 | In mice with progressive systemic disease as well as in a mucosal infection model, administration of IL-12 did not result in therapeutic activity under conditions of yeast infection that would instead be resolved by serologic ablation of IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 506 | 7963574 | Yet, in systemically infected mice cured by anti-IL-4 or anti-IL-10 therapy, the emergence of a Th1 response correlated with the detection of high levels of circulating IL-12 and splenic IL-12 transcripts. |
| 507 | 7963574 | Although exogenous IL-12 may not be sufficient for Th conversion in the presence of an overwhelming IL-4/IL-10 response, endogenous production of IL-12 may be both required and prognostic for Th1 differentiation in vivo. |
| 508 | 7963574 | In the present study, IL-12-neutralizing Abs or recombinant IL-12 were administered to mice with healing or progressive candidiasis, respectively, and the animals were monitored for mortality, resistance to reinfection, serum levels of specific Abs, and IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 message/protein expression by CD4+ cells. |
| 509 | 7963574 | In mice with progressive systemic disease as well as in a mucosal infection model, administration of IL-12 did not result in therapeutic activity under conditions of yeast infection that would instead be resolved by serologic ablation of IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 510 | 7963574 | Yet, in systemically infected mice cured by anti-IL-4 or anti-IL-10 therapy, the emergence of a Th1 response correlated with the detection of high levels of circulating IL-12 and splenic IL-12 transcripts. |
| 511 | 7963574 | Although exogenous IL-12 may not be sufficient for Th conversion in the presence of an overwhelming IL-4/IL-10 response, endogenous production of IL-12 may be both required and prognostic for Th1 differentiation in vivo. |
| 512 | 7963714 | PBMC from 22 subjects previously infected with RSV usually had RSV-specific increases in TH1 cytokine-specific mRNA (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] mRNA, 20; interleukin [IL]-2 mRNA, 12; IL-5 mRNA, 6; and IL-4 mRNA, 0). |
| 513 | 7963714 | PBMC from RSV antibody-negative children had no RSV-specific increases in IFN-gamma, IL-2, or IL-4 mRNA; 1 of 7 had an increase in IL-5 mRNA. |
| 514 | 7963714 | PBMC from 22 subjects previously infected with RSV usually had RSV-specific increases in TH1 cytokine-specific mRNA (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] mRNA, 20; interleukin [IL]-2 mRNA, 12; IL-5 mRNA, 6; and IL-4 mRNA, 0). |
| 515 | 7963714 | PBMC from RSV antibody-negative children had no RSV-specific increases in IFN-gamma, IL-2, or IL-4 mRNA; 1 of 7 had an increase in IL-5 mRNA. |
| 516 | 7975832 | The CD4+ T cells isolated from PP and SP of mice orally immunized with CT were stimulated in vitro with CT-B-coated latex microspheres for 1-6 days, and the induction of IL-2 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) (Th1-type) or IL-4 and IL-5 (Th2-type) producing SFCs were analysed by a cytokine-specific ELISPOT and cytokine-specific mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR assays. |
| 517 | 7983727 | Local expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 correlates with protection against corneal scarring after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1. |
| 518 | 7983727 | Infiltration into the cornea of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and cells containing various lymphokines was monitored on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 10 postchallenge by immunocytochemistry of corneal sections. |
| 519 | 7983727 | In response to the ocular challenge, these mice developed high local levels of infiltrating CD4+ T cells and cells containing interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 520 | 7983727 | In contrast, only low levels of infiltrating CD8+ T cells were found, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-containing cells were not present until day 10. gE-vaccinated mice developed neutralizing antibody titers in serum almost as high as those of the KOS-vaccinated mice (> 1:320). |
| 521 | 7983727 | Compared with KOS-vaccinated mice, the gE-vaccinated mice had a similar pattern of IFN-gamma, but a delay in the appearance of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and IL-4-, IL-6-, and TNF-alpha-containing cells. |
| 522 | 7983727 | Local expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 correlates with protection against corneal scarring after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1. |
| 523 | 7983727 | Infiltration into the cornea of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and cells containing various lymphokines was monitored on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 10 postchallenge by immunocytochemistry of corneal sections. |
| 524 | 7983727 | In response to the ocular challenge, these mice developed high local levels of infiltrating CD4+ T cells and cells containing interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 525 | 7983727 | In contrast, only low levels of infiltrating CD8+ T cells were found, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-containing cells were not present until day 10. gE-vaccinated mice developed neutralizing antibody titers in serum almost as high as those of the KOS-vaccinated mice (> 1:320). |
| 526 | 7983727 | Compared with KOS-vaccinated mice, the gE-vaccinated mice had a similar pattern of IFN-gamma, but a delay in the appearance of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and IL-4-, IL-6-, and TNF-alpha-containing cells. |
| 527 | 7990015 | Gingival cell IL-2 and IL-4 in early-onset periodontitis. |
| 528 | 7990015 | The purpose of this study was to compare, using cell blot analysis, the association of gingival tissue mononuclear cells (GTMC) isolated from lesions displaying histories of early-onset periodontitis (EOP; typically B-lymphocyte dominated) and gingivitis (typically T-lymphocyte dominated) with the B-cell stimulating cytokine, interleukin (IL)-4, and the T-cell stimulating cytokine, IL-2. |
| 529 | 7990015 | Membranes were treated with monoclonal anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-4, followed by a biotin-conjugated second layer, streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-phosphate (NBT/BCIP) color development. |
| 530 | 7990015 | Gingival cell IL-2 and IL-4 in early-onset periodontitis. |
| 531 | 7990015 | The purpose of this study was to compare, using cell blot analysis, the association of gingival tissue mononuclear cells (GTMC) isolated from lesions displaying histories of early-onset periodontitis (EOP; typically B-lymphocyte dominated) and gingivitis (typically T-lymphocyte dominated) with the B-cell stimulating cytokine, interleukin (IL)-4, and the T-cell stimulating cytokine, IL-2. |
| 532 | 7990015 | Membranes were treated with monoclonal anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-4, followed by a biotin-conjugated second layer, streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-phosphate (NBT/BCIP) color development. |
| 533 | 7990015 | Gingival cell IL-2 and IL-4 in early-onset periodontitis. |
| 534 | 7990015 | The purpose of this study was to compare, using cell blot analysis, the association of gingival tissue mononuclear cells (GTMC) isolated from lesions displaying histories of early-onset periodontitis (EOP; typically B-lymphocyte dominated) and gingivitis (typically T-lymphocyte dominated) with the B-cell stimulating cytokine, interleukin (IL)-4, and the T-cell stimulating cytokine, IL-2. |
| 535 | 7990015 | Membranes were treated with monoclonal anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-4, followed by a biotin-conjugated second layer, streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-phosphate (NBT/BCIP) color development. |
| 536 | 7995991 | Significant negative correlations were observed between interleukin-4 production and both interferon-gamma production and proliferation to S. typhi flagella. |
| 537 | 7997190 | Our results show that all T cells reactive with bacteria produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but no interleukin (IL)-4 and no or very little IL-2 and IL-10 and, thus, belong to the Th1 subset, while T cells reactive with tetanus toxoid or Anisakis belong to the Th0 subset with production of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha. |
| 538 | 7997852 | The T-cell clones expressed CD4, and the alpha chain of the T-cell antigen receptor. |
| 539 | 7997852 | GP63 reactive T-cell clones activated by antigen or by immobilized anti-CD3 antibody released relative large amounts of interferon-gamma and no or little interleukin-4, thereby resembling Th1 cells. |
| 540 | 8001028 | Productive immunity to murine and human parasites is associated with the development of a type I T cell response (interferon-gamma-producing) while type II responses (interleukin-4-producing) suppress the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and the elimination of the parasite. |
| 541 | 8001028 | Intravesical growth of MB49 results in the host-derived expression of mRNA for both interleukin-4 (IL-4) (TH2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) (TH1), as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) expression of indeterminate origin. |
| 542 | 8001028 | Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), highly effective in eliminating bladder tumors clinically and in experimental systems, results in IFN gamma and TNF alpha mRNa production in the bladder wall, but no IL-4. |
| 543 | 8001028 | Following BCG treatment of intravesical MB49, the number bladders expressing IL-4 mRNA decreases, while IFN gamma and TNF alpha expression remains constant. |
| 544 | 8001028 | Productive immunity to murine and human parasites is associated with the development of a type I T cell response (interferon-gamma-producing) while type II responses (interleukin-4-producing) suppress the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and the elimination of the parasite. |
| 545 | 8001028 | Intravesical growth of MB49 results in the host-derived expression of mRNA for both interleukin-4 (IL-4) (TH2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) (TH1), as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) expression of indeterminate origin. |
| 546 | 8001028 | Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), highly effective in eliminating bladder tumors clinically and in experimental systems, results in IFN gamma and TNF alpha mRNa production in the bladder wall, but no IL-4. |
| 547 | 8001028 | Following BCG treatment of intravesical MB49, the number bladders expressing IL-4 mRNA decreases, while IFN gamma and TNF alpha expression remains constant. |
| 548 | 8001028 | Productive immunity to murine and human parasites is associated with the development of a type I T cell response (interferon-gamma-producing) while type II responses (interleukin-4-producing) suppress the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and the elimination of the parasite. |
| 549 | 8001028 | Intravesical growth of MB49 results in the host-derived expression of mRNA for both interleukin-4 (IL-4) (TH2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) (TH1), as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) expression of indeterminate origin. |
| 550 | 8001028 | Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), highly effective in eliminating bladder tumors clinically and in experimental systems, results in IFN gamma and TNF alpha mRNa production in the bladder wall, but no IL-4. |
| 551 | 8001028 | Following BCG treatment of intravesical MB49, the number bladders expressing IL-4 mRNA decreases, while IFN gamma and TNF alpha expression remains constant. |
| 552 | 8001028 | Productive immunity to murine and human parasites is associated with the development of a type I T cell response (interferon-gamma-producing) while type II responses (interleukin-4-producing) suppress the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and the elimination of the parasite. |
| 553 | 8001028 | Intravesical growth of MB49 results in the host-derived expression of mRNA for both interleukin-4 (IL-4) (TH2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) (TH1), as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) expression of indeterminate origin. |
| 554 | 8001028 | Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), highly effective in eliminating bladder tumors clinically and in experimental systems, results in IFN gamma and TNF alpha mRNa production in the bladder wall, but no IL-4. |
| 555 | 8001028 | Following BCG treatment of intravesical MB49, the number bladders expressing IL-4 mRNA decreases, while IFN gamma and TNF alpha expression remains constant. |
| 556 | 8004809 | Proliferation and production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 in antigen-stimulated cultures was measured. |
| 557 | 8004809 | Also cells from leishmanin skin test-positive donors with no history of CL produced IFN-gamma and no IL-4 in response to L. major antigens. |
| 558 | 8004809 | The cells from Danish donors produced either IFN-gamma or IL-4, but not both cytokines after incubation with the crude preparation of L. major antigens. |
| 559 | 8004809 | Proliferation and production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 in antigen-stimulated cultures was measured. |
| 560 | 8004809 | Also cells from leishmanin skin test-positive donors with no history of CL produced IFN-gamma and no IL-4 in response to L. major antigens. |
| 561 | 8004809 | The cells from Danish donors produced either IFN-gamma or IL-4, but not both cytokines after incubation with the crude preparation of L. major antigens. |
| 562 | 8004809 | Proliferation and production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 in antigen-stimulated cultures was measured. |
| 563 | 8004809 | Also cells from leishmanin skin test-positive donors with no history of CL produced IFN-gamma and no IL-4 in response to L. major antigens. |
| 564 | 8004809 | The cells from Danish donors produced either IFN-gamma or IL-4, but not both cytokines after incubation with the crude preparation of L. major antigens. |
| 565 | 8011155 | Suppression can be adoptively transferred by CD8+ T lymphocytes which act by releasing TGF-beta and IL-4 following antigen-specific triggering. |
| 566 | 8013962 | High responders displayed a typical Th1-like profile since their PBMC produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (IFN gamma) and no detectable IL-4 or IL-5 upon stimulation with HBsAg. |
| 567 | 8035532 | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge of formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice is abrogated by depletion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10. |
| 568 | 8035532 | In the present studies, we sought to determine the relative contributions of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 to the lymphocytic infiltration into the lungs observed following RSV challenge of mice previously immunized with FI-RSV. |
| 569 | 8035532 | Mice previously immunized with FI-RSV or infected with RSV were depleted of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-10 immediately before RSV challenge, and the magnitude of inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels was quantified. |
| 570 | 8035532 | Simultaneous depletion of both IL-4 and IL-10 completely abrogated pulmonary histopathology in FI-RSV-immunized mice. |
| 571 | 8035532 | Depletion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, or both together had no effect on the observed histopathology. |
| 572 | 8035532 | These data indicate that FI-RSV immunization primes for a Th2-, IL-4-, and IL-10-dependent inflammatory response to subsequent RSV infection. |
| 573 | 8035532 | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge of formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice is abrogated by depletion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10. |
| 574 | 8035532 | In the present studies, we sought to determine the relative contributions of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 to the lymphocytic infiltration into the lungs observed following RSV challenge of mice previously immunized with FI-RSV. |
| 575 | 8035532 | Mice previously immunized with FI-RSV or infected with RSV were depleted of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-10 immediately before RSV challenge, and the magnitude of inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels was quantified. |
| 576 | 8035532 | Simultaneous depletion of both IL-4 and IL-10 completely abrogated pulmonary histopathology in FI-RSV-immunized mice. |
| 577 | 8035532 | Depletion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, or both together had no effect on the observed histopathology. |
| 578 | 8035532 | These data indicate that FI-RSV immunization primes for a Th2-, IL-4-, and IL-10-dependent inflammatory response to subsequent RSV infection. |
| 579 | 8035532 | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge of formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice is abrogated by depletion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10. |
| 580 | 8035532 | In the present studies, we sought to determine the relative contributions of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 to the lymphocytic infiltration into the lungs observed following RSV challenge of mice previously immunized with FI-RSV. |
| 581 | 8035532 | Mice previously immunized with FI-RSV or infected with RSV were depleted of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-10 immediately before RSV challenge, and the magnitude of inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels was quantified. |
| 582 | 8035532 | Simultaneous depletion of both IL-4 and IL-10 completely abrogated pulmonary histopathology in FI-RSV-immunized mice. |
| 583 | 8035532 | Depletion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, or both together had no effect on the observed histopathology. |
| 584 | 8035532 | These data indicate that FI-RSV immunization primes for a Th2-, IL-4-, and IL-10-dependent inflammatory response to subsequent RSV infection. |
| 585 | 8035532 | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge of formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice is abrogated by depletion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10. |
| 586 | 8035532 | In the present studies, we sought to determine the relative contributions of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 to the lymphocytic infiltration into the lungs observed following RSV challenge of mice previously immunized with FI-RSV. |
| 587 | 8035532 | Mice previously immunized with FI-RSV or infected with RSV were depleted of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-10 immediately before RSV challenge, and the magnitude of inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels was quantified. |
| 588 | 8035532 | Simultaneous depletion of both IL-4 and IL-10 completely abrogated pulmonary histopathology in FI-RSV-immunized mice. |
| 589 | 8035532 | Depletion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, or both together had no effect on the observed histopathology. |
| 590 | 8035532 | These data indicate that FI-RSV immunization primes for a Th2-, IL-4-, and IL-10-dependent inflammatory response to subsequent RSV infection. |
| 591 | 8035532 | Enhanced pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge of formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice is abrogated by depletion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10. |
| 592 | 8035532 | In the present studies, we sought to determine the relative contributions of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 to the lymphocytic infiltration into the lungs observed following RSV challenge of mice previously immunized with FI-RSV. |
| 593 | 8035532 | Mice previously immunized with FI-RSV or infected with RSV were depleted of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-10 immediately before RSV challenge, and the magnitude of inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels was quantified. |
| 594 | 8035532 | Simultaneous depletion of both IL-4 and IL-10 completely abrogated pulmonary histopathology in FI-RSV-immunized mice. |
| 595 | 8035532 | Depletion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, or both together had no effect on the observed histopathology. |
| 596 | 8035532 | These data indicate that FI-RSV immunization primes for a Th2-, IL-4-, and IL-10-dependent inflammatory response to subsequent RSV infection. |
| 597 | 8056039 | Two patterns of cytokine synthesis were induced by TT: (i) T lymphocytes expressed a number of lymphokines (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta), each with distinct kinetics of synthesis. |
| 598 | 8056039 | Cells producing IL-2, IFN-gamma and particularly TNF-beta dominated this in vitro response. |
| 599 | 8056039 | The addition of IL-2 to the cultures caused a fourfold increase and a kinetics shift in the production of TNF-beta, which peaked already at 24 h. |
| 600 | 8056039 | Exogenously added IL-2 also caused a five- to tenfold increase in the number of IL-2 and IFN-gamma producers but no apparent change in the kinetics of intracellular lymphokine appearance. |
| 601 | 8056039 | (ii) The cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were produced by monocytes. |
| 602 | 8087858 | House dust mite-responsive human T cells require both interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 4 for optimal proliferation, whereas IL2 alone is sufficient for proliferation of tetanus toxoid-responsive T cells. |
| 603 | 8087858 | Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured with either house dust mite (HDM) or tetanus toxoid under limiting dilution conditions with interleukin 2 (IL2) alone or IL2+IL4. |
| 604 | 8087858 | The combination of IL2+IL4 resulted in the highest proportion of responding HDM-specific T cells. |
| 605 | 8087858 | These HDM and Der pI responsive cells were found to be CD4+CD8-. |
| 606 | 8087858 | House dust mite-responsive human T cells require both interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 4 for optimal proliferation, whereas IL2 alone is sufficient for proliferation of tetanus toxoid-responsive T cells. |
| 607 | 8087858 | Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured with either house dust mite (HDM) or tetanus toxoid under limiting dilution conditions with interleukin 2 (IL2) alone or IL2+IL4. |
| 608 | 8087858 | The combination of IL2+IL4 resulted in the highest proportion of responding HDM-specific T cells. |
| 609 | 8087858 | These HDM and Der pI responsive cells were found to be CD4+CD8-. |
| 610 | 8087858 | House dust mite-responsive human T cells require both interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 4 for optimal proliferation, whereas IL2 alone is sufficient for proliferation of tetanus toxoid-responsive T cells. |
| 611 | 8087858 | Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured with either house dust mite (HDM) or tetanus toxoid under limiting dilution conditions with interleukin 2 (IL2) alone or IL2+IL4. |
| 612 | 8087858 | The combination of IL2+IL4 resulted in the highest proportion of responding HDM-specific T cells. |
| 613 | 8087858 | These HDM and Der pI responsive cells were found to be CD4+CD8-. |
| 614 | 8093707 | Elevated serum IgG1, IgA, and IgE responses, weak or absent footpad reactions, sustained production in vitro of Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) but not Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) cytokines by CD4+ cells, and eosinophilia were all detected in DBA/2 mice after infection with the attenuated vaccine. |
| 615 | 8096699 | This hypothesis is based on the authors' findings that: (1) progression to AIDS is characterized by loss of IL-2- and IFN-gamma production concomitant with increases in IL-4 and IL-10; and (2) many seronegative, HIV-exposed individuals generate strong TH1-type responses to HIV antigens. |
| 616 | 8103743 | Mycobacteria induce CD4+ T cells that are cytotoxic and display Th1-like cytokine secretion profile: heterogeneity in cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion levels. |
| 617 | 8103743 | Whether the cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are identical to or distinct from those that produce interferon (IFN)-gamma is also unknown. |
| 618 | 8103743 | To start addressing these issues, we have studied a large panel of CD4+ T cell clones specific for a broad range of mycobacterial antigens, and analyzed their ability to lyse mycobacterium-pulsed target cells and to release IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4. |
| 619 | 8103743 | CD4+ CTL released high levels of IFN-gamma, but low or nondetectable levels of IL-4. |
| 620 | 8103743 | Nevertheless they confirm and significantly extend previous observations and suggest that mycobacteria preferentially induce CD4+ T helper type 1 (Th1)-like cells that display cytotoxic activity, and release high levels of IFN-gamma but no or little IL-4. |
| 621 | 8103743 | The induction of such Th1 like cells is specific for mycobacteria since tetanus toxoid induced T cells that were poorly or not cytolytic and secreted high levels of IL-4. |
| 622 | 8103743 | Mycobacteria induce CD4+ T cells that are cytotoxic and display Th1-like cytokine secretion profile: heterogeneity in cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion levels. |
| 623 | 8103743 | Whether the cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are identical to or distinct from those that produce interferon (IFN)-gamma is also unknown. |
| 624 | 8103743 | To start addressing these issues, we have studied a large panel of CD4+ T cell clones specific for a broad range of mycobacterial antigens, and analyzed their ability to lyse mycobacterium-pulsed target cells and to release IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4. |
| 625 | 8103743 | CD4+ CTL released high levels of IFN-gamma, but low or nondetectable levels of IL-4. |
| 626 | 8103743 | Nevertheless they confirm and significantly extend previous observations and suggest that mycobacteria preferentially induce CD4+ T helper type 1 (Th1)-like cells that display cytotoxic activity, and release high levels of IFN-gamma but no or little IL-4. |
| 627 | 8103743 | The induction of such Th1 like cells is specific for mycobacteria since tetanus toxoid induced T cells that were poorly or not cytolytic and secreted high levels of IL-4. |
| 628 | 8103743 | Mycobacteria induce CD4+ T cells that are cytotoxic and display Th1-like cytokine secretion profile: heterogeneity in cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion levels. |
| 629 | 8103743 | Whether the cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are identical to or distinct from those that produce interferon (IFN)-gamma is also unknown. |
| 630 | 8103743 | To start addressing these issues, we have studied a large panel of CD4+ T cell clones specific for a broad range of mycobacterial antigens, and analyzed their ability to lyse mycobacterium-pulsed target cells and to release IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4. |
| 631 | 8103743 | CD4+ CTL released high levels of IFN-gamma, but low or nondetectable levels of IL-4. |
| 632 | 8103743 | Nevertheless they confirm and significantly extend previous observations and suggest that mycobacteria preferentially induce CD4+ T helper type 1 (Th1)-like cells that display cytotoxic activity, and release high levels of IFN-gamma but no or little IL-4. |
| 633 | 8103743 | The induction of such Th1 like cells is specific for mycobacteria since tetanus toxoid induced T cells that were poorly or not cytolytic and secreted high levels of IL-4. |
| 634 | 8103743 | Mycobacteria induce CD4+ T cells that are cytotoxic and display Th1-like cytokine secretion profile: heterogeneity in cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion levels. |
| 635 | 8103743 | Whether the cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are identical to or distinct from those that produce interferon (IFN)-gamma is also unknown. |
| 636 | 8103743 | To start addressing these issues, we have studied a large panel of CD4+ T cell clones specific for a broad range of mycobacterial antigens, and analyzed their ability to lyse mycobacterium-pulsed target cells and to release IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4. |
| 637 | 8103743 | CD4+ CTL released high levels of IFN-gamma, but low or nondetectable levels of IL-4. |
| 638 | 8103743 | Nevertheless they confirm and significantly extend previous observations and suggest that mycobacteria preferentially induce CD4+ T helper type 1 (Th1)-like cells that display cytotoxic activity, and release high levels of IFN-gamma but no or little IL-4. |
| 639 | 8103743 | The induction of such Th1 like cells is specific for mycobacteria since tetanus toxoid induced T cells that were poorly or not cytolytic and secreted high levels of IL-4. |
| 640 | 8118800 | Lymphocytes from 2 of 5 mice had interleukin 2/interleukin 4 release in response to CEA. |
| 641 | 8120275 | However, when donors were divided into those with high and low serum levels of mite-specific IgE as determined by RAST, mite-specific clones from donors with high specific IgE produced significantly more IL-4 and less IFN-gamma than mite-specific clones from donors with low levels of specific IgE. |
| 642 | 8120275 | We also examined IL-4 and IFN-gamma production during primary culture of antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 643 | 8120275 | However, when donors were divided into those with high and low serum levels of mite-specific IgE as determined by RAST, mite-specific clones from donors with high specific IgE produced significantly more IL-4 and less IFN-gamma than mite-specific clones from donors with low levels of specific IgE. |
| 644 | 8120275 | We also examined IL-4 and IFN-gamma production during primary culture of antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 645 | 8142603 | Data suggest that although the EIA kits that were evaluated for human IL-1 alpha, IFN-gamma, and TNF-beta failed, the EIA kits for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, the bioassays and RT-PCR assays for each of the cytokines were successful in detection and most likely quantitation of the non-human primate cytokine homologues. |
| 646 | 8172330 | The TH1 cells, which secrete interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2), are associated with cell-mediated immunity (CMI), rather than humoral responses, and afford protection against intracellular infections, including those caused by parasites. |
| 647 | 8172330 | In contrast, the TH2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10, elicit high titer antibody responses, provide poor CMI, and are often correlated with susceptibility to infection. |
| 648 | 8195318 | We studied donors' and recipients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and mixed E- (non-T cells) and E+ cells (T cells) spontaneously and after stimulation by TT in the absence or presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 649 | 8195318 | In three of seven nonresponders, in vitro anti-TT Ab production was restored after the addition of IL-4 or IL-6 but not IL-2. |
| 650 | 8195318 | We studied donors' and recipients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and mixed E- (non-T cells) and E+ cells (T cells) spontaneously and after stimulation by TT in the absence or presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 651 | 8195318 | In three of seven nonresponders, in vitro anti-TT Ab production was restored after the addition of IL-4 or IL-6 but not IL-2. |
| 652 | 8195944 | Data obtained at 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk post-secondary immunization in 2 experiments indicated that SSA and SAWA bands of 62-60, 50, and 45 kDa reproducibly elicited T cell proliferation and production of Il-2, Il-4, and IFN-gamma by spleen cells from immunized, but not unimmunized, mice. |
| 653 | 8195944 | Bands of 72-68, 29.5, and 28 kDa elicited proliferation and production of Il-2 and Il-4, but not IFN-gamma. |
| 654 | 8195944 | Data obtained at 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk post-secondary immunization in 2 experiments indicated that SSA and SAWA bands of 62-60, 50, and 45 kDa reproducibly elicited T cell proliferation and production of Il-2, Il-4, and IFN-gamma by spleen cells from immunized, but not unimmunized, mice. |
| 655 | 8195944 | Bands of 72-68, 29.5, and 28 kDa elicited proliferation and production of Il-2 and Il-4, but not IFN-gamma. |
| 656 | 8205560 | Response to the melanoma cells was associated with interleukin-4 (IL-4) rather than IL-2 production. |
| 657 | 8223849 | Number of interleukin-4- and interferon-gamma-secreting human T cells reactive with tetanus toxoid and the mycobacterial antigen PPD or phytohemagglutinin: distinct response profiles depending on the type of antigen used for activation. |
| 658 | 8223849 | Here we have used this method to determine the number of interleukin-4 (IL-4)- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing cells in vitro secondary responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) and the mycobacterial antigen (purified protein derivative; PPD) or the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). |
| 659 | 8223849 | PHA-induced IL-4 and IFN-gamma secretion was well correlated suggesting polyclonal activation of cells. |
| 660 | 8223849 | This was not the case with the specific antigens, where PPD preferentially induced IFN-gamma- and very few IL-4-producing cells, while TT-induced both IL-4 and IFN-gamma. |
| 661 | 8223849 | Number of interleukin-4- and interferon-gamma-secreting human T cells reactive with tetanus toxoid and the mycobacterial antigen PPD or phytohemagglutinin: distinct response profiles depending on the type of antigen used for activation. |
| 662 | 8223849 | Here we have used this method to determine the number of interleukin-4 (IL-4)- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing cells in vitro secondary responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) and the mycobacterial antigen (purified protein derivative; PPD) or the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). |
| 663 | 8223849 | PHA-induced IL-4 and IFN-gamma secretion was well correlated suggesting polyclonal activation of cells. |
| 664 | 8223849 | This was not the case with the specific antigens, where PPD preferentially induced IFN-gamma- and very few IL-4-producing cells, while TT-induced both IL-4 and IFN-gamma. |
| 665 | 8223849 | Number of interleukin-4- and interferon-gamma-secreting human T cells reactive with tetanus toxoid and the mycobacterial antigen PPD or phytohemagglutinin: distinct response profiles depending on the type of antigen used for activation. |
| 666 | 8223849 | Here we have used this method to determine the number of interleukin-4 (IL-4)- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing cells in vitro secondary responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) and the mycobacterial antigen (purified protein derivative; PPD) or the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). |
| 667 | 8223849 | PHA-induced IL-4 and IFN-gamma secretion was well correlated suggesting polyclonal activation of cells. |
| 668 | 8223849 | This was not the case with the specific antigens, where PPD preferentially induced IFN-gamma- and very few IL-4-producing cells, while TT-induced both IL-4 and IFN-gamma. |
| 669 | 8223849 | Number of interleukin-4- and interferon-gamma-secreting human T cells reactive with tetanus toxoid and the mycobacterial antigen PPD or phytohemagglutinin: distinct response profiles depending on the type of antigen used for activation. |
| 670 | 8223849 | Here we have used this method to determine the number of interleukin-4 (IL-4)- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing cells in vitro secondary responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) and the mycobacterial antigen (purified protein derivative; PPD) or the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). |
| 671 | 8223849 | PHA-induced IL-4 and IFN-gamma secretion was well correlated suggesting polyclonal activation of cells. |
| 672 | 8223849 | This was not the case with the specific antigens, where PPD preferentially induced IFN-gamma- and very few IL-4-producing cells, while TT-induced both IL-4 and IFN-gamma. |
| 673 | 8242663 | Interleukin-4 plus tumor necrosis factor alpha augments the antigenicity of melanoma cells. |
| 674 | 8242663 | We previously reported that interleukin 4 (IL-4) and either tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) or interferon gamma (IFN) synergistically inhibit melanoma cell growth and induce cell differentiation. |
| 675 | 8242663 | In the present study we used various combinations of IL-4, IFN and TNF to enhance the antigenicity of melanoma cells. |
| 676 | 8242663 | IL-4 plus TNF significantly increased the ability of melanoma cells to stimulate cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and act as targets of these CTL; IL-4 plus IFN was somewhat less effective, while TNF plus IFN was not as effective. |
| 677 | 8242663 | IL-4 plus TNF also increased the expression of HLA class I and HLA-DR antigens on melanoma cells. |
| 678 | 8242663 | These preclinical results suggest that the immune response to melanoma whole-cell vaccines might be enhanced by pretreating vaccine cells with IL-4 plus TNF. |
| 679 | 8242663 | Interleukin-4 plus tumor necrosis factor alpha augments the antigenicity of melanoma cells. |
| 680 | 8242663 | We previously reported that interleukin 4 (IL-4) and either tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) or interferon gamma (IFN) synergistically inhibit melanoma cell growth and induce cell differentiation. |
| 681 | 8242663 | In the present study we used various combinations of IL-4, IFN and TNF to enhance the antigenicity of melanoma cells. |
| 682 | 8242663 | IL-4 plus TNF significantly increased the ability of melanoma cells to stimulate cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and act as targets of these CTL; IL-4 plus IFN was somewhat less effective, while TNF plus IFN was not as effective. |
| 683 | 8242663 | IL-4 plus TNF also increased the expression of HLA class I and HLA-DR antigens on melanoma cells. |
| 684 | 8242663 | These preclinical results suggest that the immune response to melanoma whole-cell vaccines might be enhanced by pretreating vaccine cells with IL-4 plus TNF. |
| 685 | 8242663 | Interleukin-4 plus tumor necrosis factor alpha augments the antigenicity of melanoma cells. |
| 686 | 8242663 | We previously reported that interleukin 4 (IL-4) and either tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) or interferon gamma (IFN) synergistically inhibit melanoma cell growth and induce cell differentiation. |
| 687 | 8242663 | In the present study we used various combinations of IL-4, IFN and TNF to enhance the antigenicity of melanoma cells. |
| 688 | 8242663 | IL-4 plus TNF significantly increased the ability of melanoma cells to stimulate cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and act as targets of these CTL; IL-4 plus IFN was somewhat less effective, while TNF plus IFN was not as effective. |
| 689 | 8242663 | IL-4 plus TNF also increased the expression of HLA class I and HLA-DR antigens on melanoma cells. |
| 690 | 8242663 | These preclinical results suggest that the immune response to melanoma whole-cell vaccines might be enhanced by pretreating vaccine cells with IL-4 plus TNF. |
| 691 | 8242663 | Interleukin-4 plus tumor necrosis factor alpha augments the antigenicity of melanoma cells. |
| 692 | 8242663 | We previously reported that interleukin 4 (IL-4) and either tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) or interferon gamma (IFN) synergistically inhibit melanoma cell growth and induce cell differentiation. |
| 693 | 8242663 | In the present study we used various combinations of IL-4, IFN and TNF to enhance the antigenicity of melanoma cells. |
| 694 | 8242663 | IL-4 plus TNF significantly increased the ability of melanoma cells to stimulate cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and act as targets of these CTL; IL-4 plus IFN was somewhat less effective, while TNF plus IFN was not as effective. |
| 695 | 8242663 | IL-4 plus TNF also increased the expression of HLA class I and HLA-DR antigens on melanoma cells. |
| 696 | 8242663 | These preclinical results suggest that the immune response to melanoma whole-cell vaccines might be enhanced by pretreating vaccine cells with IL-4 plus TNF. |
| 697 | 8242663 | Interleukin-4 plus tumor necrosis factor alpha augments the antigenicity of melanoma cells. |
| 698 | 8242663 | We previously reported that interleukin 4 (IL-4) and either tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) or interferon gamma (IFN) synergistically inhibit melanoma cell growth and induce cell differentiation. |
| 699 | 8242663 | In the present study we used various combinations of IL-4, IFN and TNF to enhance the antigenicity of melanoma cells. |
| 700 | 8242663 | IL-4 plus TNF significantly increased the ability of melanoma cells to stimulate cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and act as targets of these CTL; IL-4 plus IFN was somewhat less effective, while TNF plus IFN was not as effective. |
| 701 | 8242663 | IL-4 plus TNF also increased the expression of HLA class I and HLA-DR antigens on melanoma cells. |
| 702 | 8242663 | These preclinical results suggest that the immune response to melanoma whole-cell vaccines might be enhanced by pretreating vaccine cells with IL-4 plus TNF. |
| 703 | 8242663 | Interleukin-4 plus tumor necrosis factor alpha augments the antigenicity of melanoma cells. |
| 704 | 8242663 | We previously reported that interleukin 4 (IL-4) and either tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) or interferon gamma (IFN) synergistically inhibit melanoma cell growth and induce cell differentiation. |
| 705 | 8242663 | In the present study we used various combinations of IL-4, IFN and TNF to enhance the antigenicity of melanoma cells. |
| 706 | 8242663 | IL-4 plus TNF significantly increased the ability of melanoma cells to stimulate cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and act as targets of these CTL; IL-4 plus IFN was somewhat less effective, while TNF plus IFN was not as effective. |
| 707 | 8242663 | IL-4 plus TNF also increased the expression of HLA class I and HLA-DR antigens on melanoma cells. |
| 708 | 8242663 | These preclinical results suggest that the immune response to melanoma whole-cell vaccines might be enhanced by pretreating vaccine cells with IL-4 plus TNF. |
| 709 | 8260457 | The mechanisms responsible for differential commitment of effector T cells to the production of either the IL-4/5/10 group or to the IL-2/IFN-gamma group of lymphokines during an immune response have not yet been clearly elucidated. |
| 710 | 8260457 | Intraperitoneal immunization with live bacteria induces an IFN-gamma-dominant immune response associated with a strong DTH reaction and relatively higher levels of specific antibodies belonging to the IFN-gamma-dependent IgG2a isotype rather than the IL-4-dependent IgG1 isotype. |
| 711 | 8260457 | IL-2 production in the responses generated by the two modes of immunization, however, is not preferentially associated with IFN-gamma production, unlike the reported profiles of long-lived murine T cell clones in vitro. |
| 712 | 8260457 | The mechanisms responsible for differential commitment of effector T cells to the production of either the IL-4/5/10 group or to the IL-2/IFN-gamma group of lymphokines during an immune response have not yet been clearly elucidated. |
| 713 | 8260457 | Intraperitoneal immunization with live bacteria induces an IFN-gamma-dominant immune response associated with a strong DTH reaction and relatively higher levels of specific antibodies belonging to the IFN-gamma-dependent IgG2a isotype rather than the IL-4-dependent IgG1 isotype. |
| 714 | 8260457 | IL-2 production in the responses generated by the two modes of immunization, however, is not preferentially associated with IFN-gamma production, unlike the reported profiles of long-lived murine T cell clones in vitro. |
| 715 | 8315390 | Whereas in vivo administration of ovalbumin (OVA) induces cytokine synthesis that is neither Th1 nor Th2 dominated, administration of glutaraldehyde polymerized, high relative molecular weight OVA (OA-POL) leads to 20-fold increase in the ratio of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)/IL-4 and IFN-gamma/IL-10 synthesis observed after short-term, antigen-mediated restimulation directly ex vivo. |
| 716 | 8315390 | In contrast, concurrent in vivo administration of anti-IFN-gamma mAb and OVA or OA-POL results in marked increases in IL-4 and IL-10, and decreased IFN-gamma production, reflecting a polarization of the response towards a Th2-like pattern of cytokine synthesis. |
| 717 | 8315390 | Whereas in vivo administration of ovalbumin (OVA) induces cytokine synthesis that is neither Th1 nor Th2 dominated, administration of glutaraldehyde polymerized, high relative molecular weight OVA (OA-POL) leads to 20-fold increase in the ratio of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)/IL-4 and IFN-gamma/IL-10 synthesis observed after short-term, antigen-mediated restimulation directly ex vivo. |
| 718 | 8315390 | In contrast, concurrent in vivo administration of anti-IFN-gamma mAb and OVA or OA-POL results in marked increases in IL-4 and IL-10, and decreased IFN-gamma production, reflecting a polarization of the response towards a Th2-like pattern of cytokine synthesis. |
| 719 | 8326127 | Lymphokine assays demonstrated that IL-2 and IL-4 was generally reduced after multiple vaccinations and varied qualitatively as well as quantitatively between mouse strains. |
| 720 | 8326127 | This study substantiates that the five Ag, paramyosin, heat shock protein 70, triosephosphate isomerase, glutathione S-transferase, and the integral membrane protein Sm23, are important candidates for a defined antischistosomal vaccine. |
| 721 | 8335349 | Spleen cells from mice convalescing from a B. pertussis infection exhibited extensive in vitro T-cell proliferation and secreted high levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon but not IL-4 or IL-5, a cytokine profile typical of CD4+ Th1 cells. |
| 722 | 8335349 | In contrast, mice immunized with an acellular pertussis vaccine had high levels of B. pertussis antibodies and spleen cells secreting IL-5 but not gamma interferon, a profile characteristic of CD4+ Th2 cells. |
| 723 | 8345194 | In contrast, challenge of mice primed with live RSV by parenteral or mucosal routes induced a Th1-like pattern of cytokine mRNA expression (relative decrease in IL-4 mRNA expression compared to IFN-gamma mRNA expression). |
| 724 | 8359898 | The effects of in vivo administration of monoclonal antibodies against NK-1.1-bearing cells on the early production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in vitro and development of Th1-associated immunity were studied in mice infected with a live vaccine strain of Candida albicans. |
| 725 | 8359898 | In addition, the antibody-treated and infected mice demonstrated unchanged T helper cell responses, as measured by yeast-specific footpad reactions, resistance to reinfection, occurrence of antibodies of different isotypes, and production in vitro of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 by CD4+ cells. |
| 726 | 8370397 | Moreover, several-fold stronger cytokine production, i.e. interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and interferon-gamma accompanied the enhanced proliferative response of T cells from CT adjuvant-treated mice. |
| 727 | 8370397 | Phenotypic and functional analyses clearly demonstrated that CT adjuvant primarily enhanced priming of CD4+ rather than CD8+ T cells and the pattern of lymphokine secretion disclosed that CT most probably promoted antigen priming of both Th1 and Th2 type of CD4+ T precursor cells. |
| 728 | 8376936 | Interestingly, both PP and SP CD4+ T cell cultures showed increased numbers of IL-4- and IL-5 (Th2-type)-producing, spot-forming cells (SFCs) after 21 d of immunization, while essentially no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or IL-2 (Th1-type) SFCs were noted. |
| 729 | 8376936 | Cytokine-specific Northern blots and RT-PCR also revealed that significant IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA levels, but not IFN-gamma or IL-2 mRNA, were present in CD4+ T cells isolated from antigen-stimulated cultures. |
| 730 | 8376936 | Further, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma-producing Th1-type cells as well as IL-4- and IL-5-secreting Th2-type cells were generated in SP. |
| 731 | 8376936 | Interestingly, both PP and SP CD4+ T cell cultures showed increased numbers of IL-4- and IL-5 (Th2-type)-producing, spot-forming cells (SFCs) after 21 d of immunization, while essentially no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or IL-2 (Th1-type) SFCs were noted. |
| 732 | 8376936 | Cytokine-specific Northern blots and RT-PCR also revealed that significant IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA levels, but not IFN-gamma or IL-2 mRNA, were present in CD4+ T cells isolated from antigen-stimulated cultures. |
| 733 | 8376936 | Further, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma-producing Th1-type cells as well as IL-4- and IL-5-secreting Th2-type cells were generated in SP. |
| 734 | 8376936 | Interestingly, both PP and SP CD4+ T cell cultures showed increased numbers of IL-4- and IL-5 (Th2-type)-producing, spot-forming cells (SFCs) after 21 d of immunization, while essentially no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or IL-2 (Th1-type) SFCs were noted. |
| 735 | 8376936 | Cytokine-specific Northern blots and RT-PCR also revealed that significant IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA levels, but not IFN-gamma or IL-2 mRNA, were present in CD4+ T cells isolated from antigen-stimulated cultures. |
| 736 | 8376936 | Further, both IL-2 and IFN-gamma-producing Th1-type cells as well as IL-4- and IL-5-secreting Th2-type cells were generated in SP. |
| 737 | 8432588 | In murine models of the infection employing Leishmania major, the course of the disease can be directed into a VL-like syndrome by interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing Th2 cells, or cure may result by Th1 cells secreting gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). |
| 738 | 8432588 | The profiles of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and lymphotoxin secretion after antigen stimulation were analyzed in a panel of L. donovani-reactive CD4+ human T-cell clones generated from individuals who had recovered from VL after antimonial treatment. |
| 739 | 8432588 | Two of the T-cell clones produced large amounts of IL-4 without production of IFN-gamma, seven clones produced both IFN-gamma and IL-4, and eight produced only IFN-gamma. |
| 740 | 8432588 | In murine models of the infection employing Leishmania major, the course of the disease can be directed into a VL-like syndrome by interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing Th2 cells, or cure may result by Th1 cells secreting gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). |
| 741 | 8432588 | The profiles of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and lymphotoxin secretion after antigen stimulation were analyzed in a panel of L. donovani-reactive CD4+ human T-cell clones generated from individuals who had recovered from VL after antimonial treatment. |
| 742 | 8432588 | Two of the T-cell clones produced large amounts of IL-4 without production of IFN-gamma, seven clones produced both IFN-gamma and IL-4, and eight produced only IFN-gamma. |
| 743 | 8432588 | In murine models of the infection employing Leishmania major, the course of the disease can be directed into a VL-like syndrome by interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing Th2 cells, or cure may result by Th1 cells secreting gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). |
| 744 | 8432588 | The profiles of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and lymphotoxin secretion after antigen stimulation were analyzed in a panel of L. donovani-reactive CD4+ human T-cell clones generated from individuals who had recovered from VL after antimonial treatment. |
| 745 | 8432588 | Two of the T-cell clones produced large amounts of IL-4 without production of IFN-gamma, seven clones produced both IFN-gamma and IL-4, and eight produced only IFN-gamma. |
| 746 | 8470427 | Different antigens induced helper T cells with distinct cytokine secretion profiles: some released IL-2, and others predominantly IL-4 and 5. |
| 747 | 8495971 | Monoclonal antibodies to four cytokines were used to find that eosinophilopoiesis was mediated by interleukin-5 (IL-5), whichever the adjuvant, and that IgE production in mice treated with alum was regulated by both IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 748 | 8495971 | The lack of increase in IgE production was not due to suppression by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or by CD8+ T cells. |
| 749 | 8495971 | By the polymerase chain reaction, both IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA were detected in cells from mice given alum, but only IL-5 mRNA was found in cells from mice given CFA. |
| 750 | 8495971 | The dissociation between eosinophilopoiesis and IgE production shown in the mice given CFA could be due to the dissociation between the expression of mRNA of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in vivo. |
| 751 | 8495971 | Monoclonal antibodies to four cytokines were used to find that eosinophilopoiesis was mediated by interleukin-5 (IL-5), whichever the adjuvant, and that IgE production in mice treated with alum was regulated by both IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 752 | 8495971 | The lack of increase in IgE production was not due to suppression by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or by CD8+ T cells. |
| 753 | 8495971 | By the polymerase chain reaction, both IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA were detected in cells from mice given alum, but only IL-5 mRNA was found in cells from mice given CFA. |
| 754 | 8495971 | The dissociation between eosinophilopoiesis and IgE production shown in the mice given CFA could be due to the dissociation between the expression of mRNA of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in vivo. |
| 755 | 8495971 | Monoclonal antibodies to four cytokines were used to find that eosinophilopoiesis was mediated by interleukin-5 (IL-5), whichever the adjuvant, and that IgE production in mice treated with alum was regulated by both IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 756 | 8495971 | The lack of increase in IgE production was not due to suppression by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or by CD8+ T cells. |
| 757 | 8495971 | By the polymerase chain reaction, both IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA were detected in cells from mice given alum, but only IL-5 mRNA was found in cells from mice given CFA. |
| 758 | 8495971 | The dissociation between eosinophilopoiesis and IgE production shown in the mice given CFA could be due to the dissociation between the expression of mRNA of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in vivo. |
| 759 | 8513449 | CD8+ T lymphocytes, purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, were cloned directly from the peripheral blood without antigen-presenting cells in the presence of irradiated autologous melanoma cells and recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4. |
| 760 | 8513449 | Of the 8 clones, 3 expressed both CD4 and CD8, but dual expression was not correlated with specificity of lysis. |
| 761 | 8513449 | Two CD8+ and 2 CD4+ CD8+ clones were specific for the autologous melanoma cells, the other 4 were also reactive against other HLA-A2-positive melanomas. |
| 762 | 8519092 | There was no change in the proportion of PBMC that were CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, or B cells as analyzed by flow cytometry. |
| 763 | 8519092 | Analysis for cytokines after vaccination showed spontaneous production of high levels of IL-4 (vaccinees 99 +/- 23; controls 5.6 +/- 5.6 ng/ml, P = 0.031) and TNF alpha (vaccinees 140 +/- 45; controls 42 +/- 14 pg/ml, P = 0.072) accompanied by low levels of IFN-gamma (vaccinees 1.3 +/- 0.6; controls 14.3 +/- 10.1 U/ml), IL-1 alpha (vaccinees 111 +/- 22; controls 442 +/- 107 pg/ml, P = 0.0001), and PGE2 (vaccinees 75 +/- 39; controls 300 +/- 72 pg/ml, P = 0.048). |
| 764 | 8519092 | Increased amounts of IL-4 were also produced after stimulation with PHA (vaccinees 140 +/- 25; controls 40 +/- 40 ng/ml, P = 0.013) while levels of IFN-gamma and soluble IL-2 receptor were similar to controls and levels of IL-1 alpha (vaccinees 443 +/- 67; controls 792 +/- 118 pg/ml, P = 0.026) remained low. |
| 765 | 8519092 | There was no change in the proportion of PBMC that were CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, or B cells as analyzed by flow cytometry. |
| 766 | 8519092 | Analysis for cytokines after vaccination showed spontaneous production of high levels of IL-4 (vaccinees 99 +/- 23; controls 5.6 +/- 5.6 ng/ml, P = 0.031) and TNF alpha (vaccinees 140 +/- 45; controls 42 +/- 14 pg/ml, P = 0.072) accompanied by low levels of IFN-gamma (vaccinees 1.3 +/- 0.6; controls 14.3 +/- 10.1 U/ml), IL-1 alpha (vaccinees 111 +/- 22; controls 442 +/- 107 pg/ml, P = 0.0001), and PGE2 (vaccinees 75 +/- 39; controls 300 +/- 72 pg/ml, P = 0.048). |
| 767 | 8519092 | Increased amounts of IL-4 were also produced after stimulation with PHA (vaccinees 140 +/- 25; controls 40 +/- 40 ng/ml, P = 0.013) while levels of IFN-gamma and soluble IL-2 receptor were similar to controls and levels of IL-1 alpha (vaccinees 443 +/- 67; controls 792 +/- 118 pg/ml, P = 0.026) remained low. |
| 768 | 8537675 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from vaccinated infected subjects and vaccinated uninfected controls were evaluated for their ability to produce cytokines characteristic of Th1 or Th2 cells (interferon [IFN]-gamma or interleukin [IL]-4, respectively) after in vitro restimulation with TT. |
| 769 | 8546393 | Cytokine assays of the cell supernatants showed that approximately 100-fold more gamma-interferon than IL-4 was secreted during culture indicating that these vaccines elicited TH1-like responses. |
| 770 | 8551248 | Furthermore, depletion of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from tumor-bearing mice before therapy totally suppressed the therapeutic efficacy of DC pulsed with tumor-derived peptides. |
| 771 | 8551248 | The analysis of the cytokine pattern in the draining lymph nodes and spleens of tumor-bearing mice immunized with DC pulsed with tumor-eluted peptides revealed a marked upregulation of interleukin (IL) 4 and interferon (IFN) gamma production, as compared with mice immunized with DC alone or DC pulsed with irrelevant peptides. |
| 772 | 8551248 | DC-induced antitumor effects were completely blocked by coadministration of neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed against T helper cell 1-associated cytokines (such as IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IFN-gamma), and eventually, but not initially, blocked by anti-mIL-4 mAb. |
| 773 | 8566039 | A proliferative response occurred only late after immunization and the primed T lymphocytes produced interleukin-2, but no interleukin-4. |
| 774 | 8567952 | Antigen presentation by human monocytes was recently found to be enhanced in vitro through the high-affinity Fc receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RI; CD64), which is exclusively present on myeloid cells. |
| 775 | 8567952 | As in humans, expression was properly regulated by the cytokines IFN-gamma, G-CSF, IL-4, and IL-10, and was up-regulated during inflammation. |
| 776 | 8568254 | CD4+ T cells produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 as well as IL-10, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 777 | 8568254 | Although IL-6 was elevated, further purification of cells from in vitro cultures into CD4+ Mac-1- T cells and Mac-1+ CD4- cells revealed that only the latter cell population had consistently elevated IL-6 gene expression, whereas both sorted populations exhibited increased IFN-gamma and IL-10 gene expression. |
| 778 | 8568254 | Our results are consistent with the suggestion that Ag-specific Th1 cells and their derived cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-2, and Th2-derived IL-10 together with IL-6 produced by macrophages provide important signals for the development of mucosal IgA and serum IgG subclass responses in the absence of preferential expression of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 779 | 8568254 | CD4+ T cells produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 as well as IL-10, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 780 | 8568254 | Although IL-6 was elevated, further purification of cells from in vitro cultures into CD4+ Mac-1- T cells and Mac-1+ CD4- cells revealed that only the latter cell population had consistently elevated IL-6 gene expression, whereas both sorted populations exhibited increased IFN-gamma and IL-10 gene expression. |
| 781 | 8568254 | Our results are consistent with the suggestion that Ag-specific Th1 cells and their derived cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-2, and Th2-derived IL-10 together with IL-6 produced by macrophages provide important signals for the development of mucosal IgA and serum IgG subclass responses in the absence of preferential expression of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 782 | 8574153 | PBMC from HIV-infected patients (asymptomatic, age 22-36, symptomatic, age 30-59 and pediatric, < 2 years old) were co-cultured with PHA-stimulated PBMC from uninfected individuals in medium containing IL-2 and PAI. |
| 783 | 8574153 | HIV-p24 ag and cytokine profiles (IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) were determined on supernatants on day 14. |
| 784 | 8574153 | Peripheral blood samples from each patient were evaluated at the beginning of the experiment as to total CD3, total CD19, CD3/CD4, CD3/CD8, CD16/CD56, CD8/HLA-DR and CD8/CD38 markers through flow cytometry. |
| 785 | 8574153 | PAI was able to induce the production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha while that of IL-4 and IL-1 beta was reduced. |
| 786 | 8574153 | The predominant cell type detected in the blood samples of the studied subjects were CD8+, CD8+/CD38+ or CD8+/HLA-DR+. |
| 787 | 8574153 | PBMC from HIV-infected patients (asymptomatic, age 22-36, symptomatic, age 30-59 and pediatric, < 2 years old) were co-cultured with PHA-stimulated PBMC from uninfected individuals in medium containing IL-2 and PAI. |
| 788 | 8574153 | HIV-p24 ag and cytokine profiles (IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) were determined on supernatants on day 14. |
| 789 | 8574153 | Peripheral blood samples from each patient were evaluated at the beginning of the experiment as to total CD3, total CD19, CD3/CD4, CD3/CD8, CD16/CD56, CD8/HLA-DR and CD8/CD38 markers through flow cytometry. |
| 790 | 8574153 | PAI was able to induce the production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha while that of IL-4 and IL-1 beta was reduced. |
| 791 | 8574153 | The predominant cell type detected in the blood samples of the studied subjects were CD8+, CD8+/CD38+ or CD8+/HLA-DR+. |
| 792 | 8604226 | Kinetics of IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression were comparable in both strains, but IFN-gamma mRNA expression was higher in SJL than in Balb/c. |
| 793 | 8604226 | In addition, studies of IL-12 p4O and IL-10 mRNA expression following immunization with BPO-TT showed a greater IL-12 p4O mRNA expression in Balb/c mice and a slightly higher IL-10 mRNA expression in SJL. |
| 794 | 8604226 | Taken together, our data suggest that Th1 or Th2 differentiation in primary immune responses to haptenic compounds such as penicillin may be driven by the kinetics and the level of IL-4 production rather than by the level of IFN-gamma. |
| 795 | 8604226 | Additional cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-12 are likely to contribute to the regulation of this response. |
| 796 | 8606065 | Lymph node lymphocytes exposed in situ to the immunomodulatory influences of the hormone 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D 3 were found to produce less gamma interferon and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and far more IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 than lymphocytes from control animals. |
| 797 | 8611017 | On the other hand, oral immunization with rSalmonella expressing Tox C results in Th1-type responses as well as Th2 cell-derived IL-10 and macrophage-derived IL-6, which correlate with mucosal IgA and serum IgG2a antibody responses. |
| 798 | 8611017 | Two major conclusions can be drawn from our studies with these two regimens in normal, IFN-gamma-/-, and IL-4-/- mice. |
| 799 | 8611017 | First, oral administration of rSalmonella, which elicits classical Th1-type responses also induces significant mucosal IgA responses when given to mice with defective Th1- (IFN-gamma-/-) or Th2- (IL-4-/-) cytokine pathways. |
| 800 | 8611017 | Interestingly, we detect Th2-type cells producing IL-10 and macrophage-secreting IL-6 in both normal and cytokine-deficient mice, and we postulate that these two cytokines are of most importance for murine IgA responses. |
| 801 | 8611017 | On the other hand, oral immunization with rSalmonella expressing Tox C results in Th1-type responses as well as Th2 cell-derived IL-10 and macrophage-derived IL-6, which correlate with mucosal IgA and serum IgG2a antibody responses. |
| 802 | 8611017 | Two major conclusions can be drawn from our studies with these two regimens in normal, IFN-gamma-/-, and IL-4-/- mice. |
| 803 | 8611017 | First, oral administration of rSalmonella, which elicits classical Th1-type responses also induces significant mucosal IgA responses when given to mice with defective Th1- (IFN-gamma-/-) or Th2- (IL-4-/-) cytokine pathways. |
| 804 | 8611017 | Interestingly, we detect Th2-type cells producing IL-10 and macrophage-secreting IL-6 in both normal and cytokine-deficient mice, and we postulate that these two cytokines are of most importance for murine IgA responses. |
| 805 | 8613355 | Oral immunization of interleukin-4 (IL-4) knockout mice with a recombinant Salmonella strain or cholera toxin reveals that CD4+ Th2 cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with mucosal immunoglobulin A responses. |
| 806 | 8613355 | TT-specific CD4+ T cells from spleen or Peyer's patches produced gamma interferon, indicative of Th1 responses; however, IL-6 and IL-10 were also seen. |
| 807 | 8613355 | Oral immunization of IL-4-/- mice with TT and CT induced weak mucosal IgA to TT; however, brisk IgA anti-CT-B responses and CT-B-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 were also noted. |
| 808 | 8613355 | These result suggest that certain cytokines, i.e., IL-6 and IL-10 from Th2-type cells, play an important compensatory role in the induction and regulation of mucosal IgA responses. |
| 809 | 8613355 | Oral immunization of interleukin-4 (IL-4) knockout mice with a recombinant Salmonella strain or cholera toxin reveals that CD4+ Th2 cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with mucosal immunoglobulin A responses. |
| 810 | 8613355 | TT-specific CD4+ T cells from spleen or Peyer's patches produced gamma interferon, indicative of Th1 responses; however, IL-6 and IL-10 were also seen. |
| 811 | 8613355 | Oral immunization of IL-4-/- mice with TT and CT induced weak mucosal IgA to TT; however, brisk IgA anti-CT-B responses and CT-B-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 were also noted. |
| 812 | 8613355 | These result suggest that certain cytokines, i.e., IL-6 and IL-10 from Th2-type cells, play an important compensatory role in the induction and regulation of mucosal IgA responses. |
| 813 | 8616076 | Induction of idiotype-specific cellular immunity was analysed in vitro by an enzyme-linked immunospot assay (interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 secreting cells). |
| 814 | 8620500 | Intensified antitumor immunity by a cancer vaccine that produces granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4. |
| 815 | 8620500 | Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells genetically modified to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF tumor vaccine) induces a potent systemic antitumor immunity. |
| 816 | 8620500 | The cytokine combination of GM-CSF and interleukin 4 induced more potent antitumor immunity than GM-CSF alone. |
| 817 | 8620500 | An in vivo depletion test showed that CD4+, CD8+, and asialoGM1+ cells were required for the optimum function of the GM-CSF plus interleukin 4 tumor vaccine. |
| 818 | 8620500 | Intensified antitumor immunity by a cancer vaccine that produces granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4. |
| 819 | 8620500 | Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells genetically modified to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF tumor vaccine) induces a potent systemic antitumor immunity. |
| 820 | 8620500 | The cytokine combination of GM-CSF and interleukin 4 induced more potent antitumor immunity than GM-CSF alone. |
| 821 | 8620500 | An in vivo depletion test showed that CD4+, CD8+, and asialoGM1+ cells were required for the optimum function of the GM-CSF plus interleukin 4 tumor vaccine. |
| 822 | 8620500 | Intensified antitumor immunity by a cancer vaccine that produces granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4. |
| 823 | 8620500 | Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells genetically modified to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF tumor vaccine) induces a potent systemic antitumor immunity. |
| 824 | 8620500 | The cytokine combination of GM-CSF and interleukin 4 induced more potent antitumor immunity than GM-CSF alone. |
| 825 | 8620500 | An in vivo depletion test showed that CD4+, CD8+, and asialoGM1+ cells were required for the optimum function of the GM-CSF plus interleukin 4 tumor vaccine. |
| 826 | 8621241 | Ab2-immunized mice showed antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, and cultured splenocytes from the immune mice demonstrated specific proliferation and cytokine (interferon-gamma and interleukin-4) secretion upon stimulation with GA733 antigen. |
| 827 | 8621924 | Immunization with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced, but not B7-1-transduced, lymphoma cells primes idiotype-specific T cells and generates potent systemic antitumor immunity. |
| 828 | 8621924 | Eradication of pre-established systemic lymphoma was achieved following immunization with lymphoma cells engineered to produce granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, and to a lesser extent cells producing IL-4, whereas vaccination with lymphoma cells transfected with the genes encoding IL-2 or B7-1 had no effect. |
| 829 | 8621924 | The systemic immunity generated by GM-CSF- or IL-4-transfected lymphoma required both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 830 | 8621924 | Immunization with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced, but not B7-1-transduced, lymphoma cells primes idiotype-specific T cells and generates potent systemic antitumor immunity. |
| 831 | 8621924 | Eradication of pre-established systemic lymphoma was achieved following immunization with lymphoma cells engineered to produce granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, and to a lesser extent cells producing IL-4, whereas vaccination with lymphoma cells transfected with the genes encoding IL-2 or B7-1 had no effect. |
| 832 | 8621924 | The systemic immunity generated by GM-CSF- or IL-4-transfected lymphoma required both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 833 | 8627026 | Analysis of LT-B-specific CD4+ T helper (Th) cells from Peyer's patches (PP) or from spleen revealed a mixed Th1 (interferon-gamma) and Th2 (interleukin-4 and -5) cell pattern. |
| 834 | 8647175 | Better knowledge of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide-T cell receptor (TcR) interactions in the CD4+ T cell response should result in a better design of immunizing peptides and is a prerequisite for the development of vaccines or anti-cytomegalovirus therapy. |
| 835 | 8647175 | CI --> AA substitution induced strong potentiation of HLA-DR8 binding, proliferation and interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production, possibly due to the removal of negative effects of Cys, Ile, or both side chains. |
| 836 | 8648120 | Immunization of mice with one or two doses of SLAP + IL-12 elicited a dominant population of Ag-specific Th1 lymphocytes in the draining lymph nodes, as judged by the secretion of abundant IFN-gamma but undetectable levels of IL-4, upon antigenic restimulation in vitro. |
| 837 | 8648120 | In contrast, SLAP alone induced a mixed population of Th1 and Th2 cells with secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 838 | 8648120 | The development of a biased Th1 cell population in mice immunized with SLAP + IL-12 was reflected in enhanced levels of Ag-specific IgG2a but decreased levels of IgG1 and total IgE serum Abs. |
| 839 | 8648120 | Ablation of NK1.1+ cells before the administration of a single dose of SLAP + IL-12 reduced Th cell proliferation and almost completely inhibited secretion of IFN-gamma by in vitro-cultured lymph node cells. |
| 840 | 8648120 | Finally, it is demonstrated that the delivery of two doses of SLAP + IL-12 to mice is sufficient to elicit moderate but highly significant levels of protective immunity against challenge infection. |
| 841 | 8648120 | Immunization of mice with one or two doses of SLAP + IL-12 elicited a dominant population of Ag-specific Th1 lymphocytes in the draining lymph nodes, as judged by the secretion of abundant IFN-gamma but undetectable levels of IL-4, upon antigenic restimulation in vitro. |
| 842 | 8648120 | In contrast, SLAP alone induced a mixed population of Th1 and Th2 cells with secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 843 | 8648120 | The development of a biased Th1 cell population in mice immunized with SLAP + IL-12 was reflected in enhanced levels of Ag-specific IgG2a but decreased levels of IgG1 and total IgE serum Abs. |
| 844 | 8648120 | Ablation of NK1.1+ cells before the administration of a single dose of SLAP + IL-12 reduced Th cell proliferation and almost completely inhibited secretion of IFN-gamma by in vitro-cultured lymph node cells. |
| 845 | 8648120 | Finally, it is demonstrated that the delivery of two doses of SLAP + IL-12 to mice is sufficient to elicit moderate but highly significant levels of protective immunity against challenge infection. |
| 846 | 8665571 | We evaluated the in vivo response to the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 (BL6) murine melanoma genetically altered to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 847 | 8665571 | Secretion of IL-2 abrogated the tumorigenicity of BL6, while IFN gamma and IL-4 partially reduced tumorigenicity, and GM-CSF had no effect. |
| 848 | 8665571 | Protective immunity to wild-type tumor challenge could not be achieved by vaccination with irradiated cytokine-secreting tumors, although IL-2 and IL-4 secretion appeared to retard the growth of the challenge inoculum significantly. |
| 849 | 8665571 | Neither IL-2 nor IFN gamma secretion resulted in the induction of immune T cells. |
| 850 | 8665571 | By contrast, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion were found to induce immune T cells in the TDLN with GM-CSF being superior to IL-4. |
| 851 | 8665571 | The combined secretion of GM-CSF and IL-4 did not lead to enhanced induction of immune T cells. |
| 852 | 8665571 | Nevertheless, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion significantly enhanced T cell immune reactivity to the poorly immunogenic BL6 tumor. |
| 853 | 8665571 | We evaluated the in vivo response to the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 (BL6) murine melanoma genetically altered to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 854 | 8665571 | Secretion of IL-2 abrogated the tumorigenicity of BL6, while IFN gamma and IL-4 partially reduced tumorigenicity, and GM-CSF had no effect. |
| 855 | 8665571 | Protective immunity to wild-type tumor challenge could not be achieved by vaccination with irradiated cytokine-secreting tumors, although IL-2 and IL-4 secretion appeared to retard the growth of the challenge inoculum significantly. |
| 856 | 8665571 | Neither IL-2 nor IFN gamma secretion resulted in the induction of immune T cells. |
| 857 | 8665571 | By contrast, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion were found to induce immune T cells in the TDLN with GM-CSF being superior to IL-4. |
| 858 | 8665571 | The combined secretion of GM-CSF and IL-4 did not lead to enhanced induction of immune T cells. |
| 859 | 8665571 | Nevertheless, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion significantly enhanced T cell immune reactivity to the poorly immunogenic BL6 tumor. |
| 860 | 8665571 | We evaluated the in vivo response to the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 (BL6) murine melanoma genetically altered to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 861 | 8665571 | Secretion of IL-2 abrogated the tumorigenicity of BL6, while IFN gamma and IL-4 partially reduced tumorigenicity, and GM-CSF had no effect. |
| 862 | 8665571 | Protective immunity to wild-type tumor challenge could not be achieved by vaccination with irradiated cytokine-secreting tumors, although IL-2 and IL-4 secretion appeared to retard the growth of the challenge inoculum significantly. |
| 863 | 8665571 | Neither IL-2 nor IFN gamma secretion resulted in the induction of immune T cells. |
| 864 | 8665571 | By contrast, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion were found to induce immune T cells in the TDLN with GM-CSF being superior to IL-4. |
| 865 | 8665571 | The combined secretion of GM-CSF and IL-4 did not lead to enhanced induction of immune T cells. |
| 866 | 8665571 | Nevertheless, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion significantly enhanced T cell immune reactivity to the poorly immunogenic BL6 tumor. |
| 867 | 8665571 | We evaluated the in vivo response to the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 (BL6) murine melanoma genetically altered to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 868 | 8665571 | Secretion of IL-2 abrogated the tumorigenicity of BL6, while IFN gamma and IL-4 partially reduced tumorigenicity, and GM-CSF had no effect. |
| 869 | 8665571 | Protective immunity to wild-type tumor challenge could not be achieved by vaccination with irradiated cytokine-secreting tumors, although IL-2 and IL-4 secretion appeared to retard the growth of the challenge inoculum significantly. |
| 870 | 8665571 | Neither IL-2 nor IFN gamma secretion resulted in the induction of immune T cells. |
| 871 | 8665571 | By contrast, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion were found to induce immune T cells in the TDLN with GM-CSF being superior to IL-4. |
| 872 | 8665571 | The combined secretion of GM-CSF and IL-4 did not lead to enhanced induction of immune T cells. |
| 873 | 8665571 | Nevertheless, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion significantly enhanced T cell immune reactivity to the poorly immunogenic BL6 tumor. |
| 874 | 8665571 | We evaluated the in vivo response to the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 (BL6) murine melanoma genetically altered to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 875 | 8665571 | Secretion of IL-2 abrogated the tumorigenicity of BL6, while IFN gamma and IL-4 partially reduced tumorigenicity, and GM-CSF had no effect. |
| 876 | 8665571 | Protective immunity to wild-type tumor challenge could not be achieved by vaccination with irradiated cytokine-secreting tumors, although IL-2 and IL-4 secretion appeared to retard the growth of the challenge inoculum significantly. |
| 877 | 8665571 | Neither IL-2 nor IFN gamma secretion resulted in the induction of immune T cells. |
| 878 | 8665571 | By contrast, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion were found to induce immune T cells in the TDLN with GM-CSF being superior to IL-4. |
| 879 | 8665571 | The combined secretion of GM-CSF and IL-4 did not lead to enhanced induction of immune T cells. |
| 880 | 8665571 | Nevertheless, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion significantly enhanced T cell immune reactivity to the poorly immunogenic BL6 tumor. |
| 881 | 8665571 | We evaluated the in vivo response to the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 (BL6) murine melanoma genetically altered to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 882 | 8665571 | Secretion of IL-2 abrogated the tumorigenicity of BL6, while IFN gamma and IL-4 partially reduced tumorigenicity, and GM-CSF had no effect. |
| 883 | 8665571 | Protective immunity to wild-type tumor challenge could not be achieved by vaccination with irradiated cytokine-secreting tumors, although IL-2 and IL-4 secretion appeared to retard the growth of the challenge inoculum significantly. |
| 884 | 8665571 | Neither IL-2 nor IFN gamma secretion resulted in the induction of immune T cells. |
| 885 | 8665571 | By contrast, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion were found to induce immune T cells in the TDLN with GM-CSF being superior to IL-4. |
| 886 | 8665571 | The combined secretion of GM-CSF and IL-4 did not lead to enhanced induction of immune T cells. |
| 887 | 8665571 | Nevertheless, GM-CSF and IL-4 secretion significantly enhanced T cell immune reactivity to the poorly immunogenic BL6 tumor. |
| 888 | 8666894 | Immunization of BALB/c mice with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC), generated in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 4, and prepulsed with the Meth A p53 mutant peptide, induced CTL that specifically recognized peptide-pulsed P815 cells, as well as Meth A cells naturally expressing this epitope. |
| 889 | 8674148 | TGF-beta 1, IL-10 and IL-4). |
| 890 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 891 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 892 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 893 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 894 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 895 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 896 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 897 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 898 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 899 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 900 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 901 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 902 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 903 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 904 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 905 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 906 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 907 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 908 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 909 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 910 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 911 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 912 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 913 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 914 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 915 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 916 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 917 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 918 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 919 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 920 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 921 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 922 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 923 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 924 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 925 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 926 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 927 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 928 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 929 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 930 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 931 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 932 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 933 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 934 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 935 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 936 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 937 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 938 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 939 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 940 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 941 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 942 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 943 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 944 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 945 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 946 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 947 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 948 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 949 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 950 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 951 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 952 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 953 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 954 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 955 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 956 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 957 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 958 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 959 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 960 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 961 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 962 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 963 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 964 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 965 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 966 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 967 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 968 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 969 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 970 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 971 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 972 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 973 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 974 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 975 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 976 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 977 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 978 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 979 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 980 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 981 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 982 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 983 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 984 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 985 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 986 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 987 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 988 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 989 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 990 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 991 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 992 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 993 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 994 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 995 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 996 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 997 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 998 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 999 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1000 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1001 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1002 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1003 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1004 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1005 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1006 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1007 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1008 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1009 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1010 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1011 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1012 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1013 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1014 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1015 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1016 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1017 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1018 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1019 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1020 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1021 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1022 | 8679459 | The effect of combined expression of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 on the tumorigenicity and treatment of B16F10 melanoma. |
| 1023 | 8679459 | The recent use of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) single cytokine modified tumour cells in rodent models has demonstrated a potential use of these cytokines to produce autologous cancer cell vaccines. |
| 1024 | 8679459 | Here we compare the potential therapeutic benefit of transduction with IL-2 or IL-4 alone, and combined IL-2 + IL-4 in B16F10 cells, a murine malignant melanoma of poor immunogenicity. |
| 1025 | 8679459 | Transduction of B16F10 cells (MHC class I and II negative) to express either IL-2 or IL-4 alone delays the formation of tumours, IL-4 being more effective than IL-2. |
| 1026 | 8679459 | However, combined expression of IL-2 + IL-4 reduces tumorigenicity more than either cytokine alone. |
| 1027 | 8679459 | Histological examination of tumours expressing either IL-2 or IL-4 alone shows a non-specific inflammatory reaction with an increased tissue infiltrate of immune effectors (monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes) localised around the tumour. |
| 1028 | 8679459 | In comparison, when cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4 were injected there were more granulocytes present, and perhaps more importantly, these were mainly localised within the tumour. |
| 1029 | 8679459 | The benefit of combined IL-2 + IL-4 expression results from a local rather than systemic effect as the growth of tumours from cells expressing IL-2 or IL-4 alone injected at distant sites was comparable with a single inoculation of cells expressing either cytokine alone. |
| 1030 | 8679459 | However, when cells expressing single cytokines IL-2 or IL-4 were mixed and injected at the same site, in comparison with the clonal population of cells expressing combined IL-2 + IL-4, tumour growth was characteristic of IL-4 alone rather than IL-2 + IL-4. |
| 1031 | 8679459 | Treatment of established tumours with a single injection of lethally irradiated tumour cells expressing IL-2 + IL-4 was sufficient to either reject tumours, or at least delay further tumour development. |
| 1032 | 8679459 | However, although successful in treatment studies, neither wild-type nor combined IL-2 + IL-4 expressing cells were able to vaccinate animals against a subsequent challenge with live wild-type tumour. |
| 1033 | 8679459 | These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit with the use of combination IL-2 + IL-4 transduction of autologous cancer cells. |
| 1034 | 8683732 | Localization of IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8 and TNF in superficial bladder tumors treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin. |
| 1035 | 8698391 | Cultures of airway leucocytes from C57BL/6 mice produced abundant IFN-gamma whilst those from IFN-gamma R-/- mice produced interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-10, indicating default to the Th2 pathway; the WT animals showed an intermediate response. |
| 1036 | 8701598 | To clarify the difference in adjuvant effect of these adjuvants, secretion of cytokines, especially interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) which regulate IgE production, was estimated ex vivo. |
| 1037 | 8701598 | Overnight culture of splenic cells obtained from mice immunized with liposomes encapsulating OVA elicits IFN-gamma secretion, but not IL-4 secretion. |
| 1038 | 8701598 | To clarify the difference in adjuvant effect of these adjuvants, secretion of cytokines, especially interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) which regulate IgE production, was estimated ex vivo. |
| 1039 | 8701598 | Overnight culture of splenic cells obtained from mice immunized with liposomes encapsulating OVA elicits IFN-gamma secretion, but not IL-4 secretion. |
| 1040 | 8706049 | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus interleukin-2 and/or granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor enhances immunocompetent cell production of interferon-gamma, which inhibits B16F10 melanoma cell growth in vitro. |
| 1041 | 8706049 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha was substantially weaker (IC50 > 10 ng/ml) but provided synergy with IFN gamma. |
| 1042 | 8706049 | None of the other cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, or granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor had direct antitumor activity against B16F10 melanoma cells. |
| 1043 | 8706049 | However, when IL-2 and/or GM-CSF were combined with BCG either by exogenous addition or through endogenous production by novel cytokine-secreting recombinant BCG (rBCG), a substantial increase in INF gamma production by splenocytes was observed. |
| 1044 | 8706049 | These results suggest that BCG may exert part of its antitumor action on melanoma through the induction of IFN gamma, which can be greatly enhanced through the concomitant addition of IL-2 and/or GM-CSF. |
| 1045 | 8709236 | These data show that intramuscular inoculation leads to Th1-like responses due to elevated IgG2a levels, production of gamma interferon, CTL activity, and lack of IL-4. |
| 1046 | 8717406 | We have used two delivery systems, soluble tetanus toxoid (TT) with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) and recombinant Salmonella expressing Tox C, a fragment of TT, to assess the nature of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells and derived cytokines which support mucosal IgA responses in both normal and cytokine knockout (interferon gamma knockout; IFN-gamma-/- and IL-4-/-) mice. |
| 1047 | 8717406 | Whereas TT coadministered with CT induces predominant TT-specific Th2-type responses, rSalmonella delivery of Tox C induced dominant Th1-type responses along with synthesis of the Th2-cytokine IL-10. |
| 1048 | 8717406 | Further oral immunization of IFN-gamma-/- and IL-4-/- mice with rSalmonella Tox C also induced macrophage-derived IL-6 and Th2-derived IL-10 as well as S-IgA responses, suggesting that IFN-gamma from Th1-type cells as well as traditional Th2 cells producing IL-4 and IL-5 are not essential for mucosal IgA responses. |
| 1049 | 8717406 | Rather, induction of second level Th2 cells producing IL-10 together with high levels of IL-6 from other cell sources may be sufficient for mucosal IgA responses in the absence of traditional Th2 cells. |
| 1050 | 8717406 | We have used two delivery systems, soluble tetanus toxoid (TT) with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) and recombinant Salmonella expressing Tox C, a fragment of TT, to assess the nature of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells and derived cytokines which support mucosal IgA responses in both normal and cytokine knockout (interferon gamma knockout; IFN-gamma-/- and IL-4-/-) mice. |
| 1051 | 8717406 | Whereas TT coadministered with CT induces predominant TT-specific Th2-type responses, rSalmonella delivery of Tox C induced dominant Th1-type responses along with synthesis of the Th2-cytokine IL-10. |
| 1052 | 8717406 | Further oral immunization of IFN-gamma-/- and IL-4-/- mice with rSalmonella Tox C also induced macrophage-derived IL-6 and Th2-derived IL-10 as well as S-IgA responses, suggesting that IFN-gamma from Th1-type cells as well as traditional Th2 cells producing IL-4 and IL-5 are not essential for mucosal IgA responses. |
| 1053 | 8717406 | Rather, induction of second level Th2 cells producing IL-10 together with high levels of IL-6 from other cell sources may be sufficient for mucosal IgA responses in the absence of traditional Th2 cells. |
| 1054 | 8733915 | Both forms of BHV-1 gD antigen induced good levels of cell-mediated immunity, as evaluated by antigen-specific proliferative response and cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-4) production. |
| 1055 | 8742064 | To investigate the spectrum of cytokines expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), we used a semi-quantitative RT-PCR to determine levels of mRNA coding for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 1056 | 8742064 | While transcripts or IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were either low or not detected in unmanipulated PBMCs, varying levels of IL-1 beta, IL-5, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were readily detected in the same samples. |
| 1057 | 8742064 | To investigate the spectrum of cytokines expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), we used a semi-quantitative RT-PCR to determine levels of mRNA coding for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 1058 | 8742064 | While transcripts or IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were either low or not detected in unmanipulated PBMCs, varying levels of IL-1 beta, IL-5, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were readily detected in the same samples. |
| 1059 | 8778021 | The cytokine profiles of B. pertussis-specific T cells in immune animals were determined using antigen-stimulated ex vivo spleen cells or CD4+ T-cell lines and clones established in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-4. |
| 1060 | 8778021 | However, a proportion of T cells from convalescent mice, especially when cultured in the presence of IL-4, secreted IL-4 and IL-5 with or without detectable IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), suggesting that Th0 or Th2 cells were also primed during natural infection in vivo. |
| 1061 | 8778021 | Furthermore, when mice were assessed 6 months after infection, spleen cells produced significant levels of IL-4 and IL-5, which were not evident at 6 weeks. |
| 1062 | 8778021 | The cytokine profiles of B. pertussis-specific T cells in immune animals were determined using antigen-stimulated ex vivo spleen cells or CD4+ T-cell lines and clones established in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-4. |
| 1063 | 8778021 | However, a proportion of T cells from convalescent mice, especially when cultured in the presence of IL-4, secreted IL-4 and IL-5 with or without detectable IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), suggesting that Th0 or Th2 cells were also primed during natural infection in vivo. |
| 1064 | 8778021 | Furthermore, when mice were assessed 6 months after infection, spleen cells produced significant levels of IL-4 and IL-5, which were not evident at 6 weeks. |
| 1065 | 8778021 | The cytokine profiles of B. pertussis-specific T cells in immune animals were determined using antigen-stimulated ex vivo spleen cells or CD4+ T-cell lines and clones established in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-4. |
| 1066 | 8778021 | However, a proportion of T cells from convalescent mice, especially when cultured in the presence of IL-4, secreted IL-4 and IL-5 with or without detectable IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), suggesting that Th0 or Th2 cells were also primed during natural infection in vivo. |
| 1067 | 8778021 | Furthermore, when mice were assessed 6 months after infection, spleen cells produced significant levels of IL-4 and IL-5, which were not evident at 6 weeks. |
| 1068 | 8814247 | In the absence of adjuvant, there was an overall reduction in antibody production to OVA in IL-4 -/- mice and significantly greater amounts of interferon (IFN)-gamma were produced following restimulation of splenocytes with antigen in vitro compared with immunocompetent controls (IL-4 +/+). |
| 1069 | 8814247 | Similarly, increased production in vitro by splenocytes of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma, equivalent to that produced after inoculation with FCA/OVA, was only detected in IL-4 -/- mice inoculated with alum/OVA. |
| 1070 | 8814247 | However, although production of the Th2 cytokine IL-5 was totally inhibited in IL-4-deficient mice inoculated with FCA/OVA, there was no significant difference in IL-5 production between the two strains when alum was used as adjuvant. |
| 1071 | 8814247 | In the absence of adjuvant, there was an overall reduction in antibody production to OVA in IL-4 -/- mice and significantly greater amounts of interferon (IFN)-gamma were produced following restimulation of splenocytes with antigen in vitro compared with immunocompetent controls (IL-4 +/+). |
| 1072 | 8814247 | Similarly, increased production in vitro by splenocytes of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma, equivalent to that produced after inoculation with FCA/OVA, was only detected in IL-4 -/- mice inoculated with alum/OVA. |
| 1073 | 8814247 | However, although production of the Th2 cytokine IL-5 was totally inhibited in IL-4-deficient mice inoculated with FCA/OVA, there was no significant difference in IL-5 production between the two strains when alum was used as adjuvant. |
| 1074 | 8814247 | In the absence of adjuvant, there was an overall reduction in antibody production to OVA in IL-4 -/- mice and significantly greater amounts of interferon (IFN)-gamma were produced following restimulation of splenocytes with antigen in vitro compared with immunocompetent controls (IL-4 +/+). |
| 1075 | 8814247 | Similarly, increased production in vitro by splenocytes of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma, equivalent to that produced after inoculation with FCA/OVA, was only detected in IL-4 -/- mice inoculated with alum/OVA. |
| 1076 | 8814247 | However, although production of the Th2 cytokine IL-5 was totally inhibited in IL-4-deficient mice inoculated with FCA/OVA, there was no significant difference in IL-5 production between the two strains when alum was used as adjuvant. |
| 1077 | 8816812 | To determine what barriers the "immunologically privileged" CNS would pose to cytokine-assisted tumor vaccines and what cytokines would be most efficacious against tumors within the CNS, we irradiated B16 murine melanoma cells producing murine interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, gamma-interferon, or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and used these cells as subcutaneous vaccines against tumors within the brain. |
| 1078 | 8816812 | Under conditions where untransfected B16 cells had no effect, cells producing IL-3, IL-6, or GM-CSF increased the survival of mice challenged with viable B16 cells in the brain. |
| 1079 | 8816812 | Vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-4 or gamma-interferon had no effect, and vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-2 decreased survival time. |
| 1080 | 8816812 | The response elicited by GM-CSF-producing vaccines was found to be specific to tumor type and to be abrogated by depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 1081 | 8816812 | Unlike the immunity generated against subcutaneous tumors by GM-CSF, however, the effector responses generated against tumors in the CNS were not dependent on CD4+ cells. |
| 1082 | 8816812 | To determine what barriers the "immunologically privileged" CNS would pose to cytokine-assisted tumor vaccines and what cytokines would be most efficacious against tumors within the CNS, we irradiated B16 murine melanoma cells producing murine interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, gamma-interferon, or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and used these cells as subcutaneous vaccines against tumors within the brain. |
| 1083 | 8816812 | Under conditions where untransfected B16 cells had no effect, cells producing IL-3, IL-6, or GM-CSF increased the survival of mice challenged with viable B16 cells in the brain. |
| 1084 | 8816812 | Vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-4 or gamma-interferon had no effect, and vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-2 decreased survival time. |
| 1085 | 8816812 | The response elicited by GM-CSF-producing vaccines was found to be specific to tumor type and to be abrogated by depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 1086 | 8816812 | Unlike the immunity generated against subcutaneous tumors by GM-CSF, however, the effector responses generated against tumors in the CNS were not dependent on CD4+ cells. |
| 1087 | 8816970 | Interventional approaches that have been successful in delaying insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) using antigen-based immunotherapies include parenteral immunization. |
| 1088 | 8816970 | We have previously shown that immunization with insulin and insulin B chain but not A chain in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) prevented diabetes by reducing IFN-gamma mRNA in the insulitis lesions. |
| 1089 | 8816970 | When Diphtheria-Tetanus toxoid-Acellular Pertussis (DTP) vaccine was used as the adjuvant vehicle, DTP itself induced significant protection (P < 0.003) which was associated with a Th2-like cytokine producing insulitis profile, IL-4 driven IgG1 antibody responses to insulin, GAD in the periphery and an augmentation of the autoimmune response to GAD. |
| 1090 | 8839846 | Here, we show that the sequential use of early-acting hematopoietic growth factors, stem cell factor, interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-6, followed on day 8 by differentiation in the two-factor combination IL-4 plus granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (CC4GM) is more efficient and allows the cells to be arrested in the LC stage for more than 1 week while continuous maturation occurs in CC7-7. |
| 1091 | 8839846 | LC were CD1a+2 DR+2, CD23+, CD36+, CD80-, CD86-, and CD25-, while DC were CD1a+/- DR+3, CD23-, CD36-, CD80+, CD86+2, and CD25+, CD40 and CD32 were moderately expressed and nearly unchanged on maturation, in contrast to monocyte-derived DC. |
| 1092 | 8843636 | Splenic cells of LC-p467 immunized mice stimulated in vitro with LC-p467 displayed strong proliferative responses and secretion of IL-2, IFN-tau and GM-CSF (but not IL-4 and IL-10) suggesting that immunization with the lipopeptide induced the TH1 type cytokine responses associated with cell-mediated immunity. |
| 1093 | 8855293 | In the 38C13 lymphoma model, we observed that low doses of free granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 10,000 units i.p. or locally s.c. daily for 4 days significantly enhanced protective antitumor immunity induced by s.c. |
| 1094 | 8855293 | This effect was critically dependent upon effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and was not associated with any increased anti-idiotypic antibody production. |
| 1095 | 8855293 | Lymphocytes from spleens and draining lymph nodes of mice primed with Id-KLH plus GM-CSF, but not with Id-KLH alone, demonstrated significant proliferation to Id in vitro without any biased production of interferon gamma or interleukin 4 protein or mRNA. |
| 1096 | 8861035 | Production and specificity of antibodies, cytotoxic responses of macrophages and NK-cells, spontaneous production ex vivo of cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha in spleen cell cultures in C3H/HeJ (Lps(d)) mice in comparison with C3H/HeN (Lps(n)) mice were tested. |
| 1097 | 8890192 | Accessory function could also be provided by the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-4, or IL-5 but not IL-2 or IL-6. |
| 1098 | 8892615 | We show here that highly purified CD14(bright) peripheral blood monocytes supplemented with granulocyte-monocyte (GM)-CSF plus IL-4 develop with high efficacy (>95% of input cells) into DC. |
| 1099 | 8892615 | They neo-expressed CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD80, and CD5; they massively up-regulated CD40 (109-fold) and HLA-DQ and DP (125- and 87-fold); and significantly (>5-fold) up-regulated HLA-DR, CD4, CD11b, CD11c, CD43, CD45, CD45R0, CD54, CD58, and CD59. |
| 1100 | 8892615 | CD14, CD15s, CD64, and CDw65 molecules were down-regulated to background levels, and no major changes were observed for HLA class I, CD11a, CD32, CD33, CD48, CD50, CD86, CDw92, CD93, or CD97. |
| 1101 | 8892615 | Monocytes cultured in parallel with GM-CSF plus TNF-alpha were more heterogeneous in expression densities but otherwise similar in their surface molecule repertoire. |
| 1102 | 8892615 | Only GM-CSF plus IL-4-cultured cells were found to be potent stimulators in allogeneic and autologous MLR and they presented tetanus toxoid 100- to 1000-fold more efficiently than other cell populations tested. |
| 1103 | 8892615 | We show here that highly purified CD14(bright) peripheral blood monocytes supplemented with granulocyte-monocyte (GM)-CSF plus IL-4 develop with high efficacy (>95% of input cells) into DC. |
| 1104 | 8892615 | They neo-expressed CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD80, and CD5; they massively up-regulated CD40 (109-fold) and HLA-DQ and DP (125- and 87-fold); and significantly (>5-fold) up-regulated HLA-DR, CD4, CD11b, CD11c, CD43, CD45, CD45R0, CD54, CD58, and CD59. |
| 1105 | 8892615 | CD14, CD15s, CD64, and CDw65 molecules were down-regulated to background levels, and no major changes were observed for HLA class I, CD11a, CD32, CD33, CD48, CD50, CD86, CDw92, CD93, or CD97. |
| 1106 | 8892615 | Monocytes cultured in parallel with GM-CSF plus TNF-alpha were more heterogeneous in expression densities but otherwise similar in their surface molecule repertoire. |
| 1107 | 8892615 | Only GM-CSF plus IL-4-cultured cells were found to be potent stimulators in allogeneic and autologous MLR and they presented tetanus toxoid 100- to 1000-fold more efficiently than other cell populations tested. |
| 1108 | 8894351 | More recently, cells other than CD4+ T cells, including CD8+ T cells, monocytes, NK cells, B cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, and other cells, have been shown to be capable of producing "Th1" and "Th2" cytokines. |
| 1109 | 8894351 | In this review, we examine the literature on human diseases, using the nomenclature of type 1 (Th1-like) and type 2 (Th2-like) cytokines, which includes all cell types producing these cytokines rather than only CD4+ T cells. |
| 1110 | 8894351 | Type 1 cytokines include interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor beta, while type 2 cytokines include IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13. |
| 1111 | 8894351 | For example, gamma interferon and IL-12 decrease the levels of type 2 cytokines whereas IL-4 and IL-10 decrease the levels of type 1 cytokines. |
| 1112 | 8894351 | More recently, cells other than CD4+ T cells, including CD8+ T cells, monocytes, NK cells, B cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, and other cells, have been shown to be capable of producing "Th1" and "Th2" cytokines. |
| 1113 | 8894351 | In this review, we examine the literature on human diseases, using the nomenclature of type 1 (Th1-like) and type 2 (Th2-like) cytokines, which includes all cell types producing these cytokines rather than only CD4+ T cells. |
| 1114 | 8894351 | Type 1 cytokines include interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor beta, while type 2 cytokines include IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13. |
| 1115 | 8894351 | For example, gamma interferon and IL-12 decrease the levels of type 2 cytokines whereas IL-4 and IL-10 decrease the levels of type 1 cytokines. |
| 1116 | 8898937 | The outer surface lipoprotein OspA of Borrelia burgdorferi provides co-stimulatory signals to normal human peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. |
| 1117 | 8898937 | Furthermore, incubation of CD2+ T cells or selected CD4+ as well as CD8+ subpopulations with rlip-OspA, but not with rNS1-OspA led to the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not IL-4. |
| 1118 | 8898937 | In contrast, co-stimulation of the respective T cell populations with anti-CD28 antibodies resulted in the generation of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and TNF-alpha, but not IL-6. |
| 1119 | 8898937 | In light of the fact that inflamed tissues of B. burgdorferi-infected hosts contain blood leukocytes together with spirochetes, their degradation products, or both, these results suggest that infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of any specificities, including spirochetes, autoantigens, or both, participate in the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. |
| 1120 | 8898937 | The outer surface lipoprotein OspA of Borrelia burgdorferi provides co-stimulatory signals to normal human peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. |
| 1121 | 8898937 | Furthermore, incubation of CD2+ T cells or selected CD4+ as well as CD8+ subpopulations with rlip-OspA, but not with rNS1-OspA led to the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not IL-4. |
| 1122 | 8898937 | In contrast, co-stimulation of the respective T cell populations with anti-CD28 antibodies resulted in the generation of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and TNF-alpha, but not IL-6. |
| 1123 | 8898937 | In light of the fact that inflamed tissues of B. burgdorferi-infected hosts contain blood leukocytes together with spirochetes, their degradation products, or both, these results suggest that infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of any specificities, including spirochetes, autoantigens, or both, participate in the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. |
| 1124 | 8908498 | Comparison of IL-2- and IL-4-transfected B16-F10 cells with a novel oil-microemulsion adjuvant for B16-F10 whole cell tumour vaccine. |
| 1125 | 8911011 | By stimulation with the peptide and BLV virion, the spleen cells from the immunized mice produced a large amount of IFN-gamma and IL-2, whereas they released neither IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 1126 | 8911152 | The response to CA priming was characterized by an early and high expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-1 beta mRNAs At 24hr. |
| 1127 | 8911152 | IL-2 mRNA was still at a high level, while IL-1 beta had greatly decreased. |
| 1128 | 8911152 | A weak expression of IL-10 was only induced at 2 hr. whereas IL-12 p40 subunit, interferon-7 (IFN-7) IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were undetectable. |
| 1129 | 8911152 | A progressive increase of IL-2 mRNA expression was also induced whereas IL-1 beta and IL-10 mRNAs were always transiently expressed at 2 hr at levels similar to those observed after the priming. |
| 1130 | 8911152 | IL-12 p40 subunit. |
| 1131 | 8911152 | IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were never detectable. |
| 1132 | 8911152 | The anamnestic response to CA was characterized by a very quick induction of high levels of IL-2, II N-gamma and IL-1 beta mRNAs. |
| 1133 | 8911152 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNAs remained high up to 24 hr while IL-1 beta mRNA decreased strongly. |
| 1134 | 8911152 | A weak, transient expression of IL-10 mRNA was induced at 2 hr whereas the IL-12 p40 subunit, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were not detectable. |
| 1135 | 8911152 | The response to CA priming was characterized by an early and high expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-1 beta mRNAs At 24hr. |
| 1136 | 8911152 | IL-2 mRNA was still at a high level, while IL-1 beta had greatly decreased. |
| 1137 | 8911152 | A weak expression of IL-10 was only induced at 2 hr. whereas IL-12 p40 subunit, interferon-7 (IFN-7) IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were undetectable. |
| 1138 | 8911152 | A progressive increase of IL-2 mRNA expression was also induced whereas IL-1 beta and IL-10 mRNAs were always transiently expressed at 2 hr at levels similar to those observed after the priming. |
| 1139 | 8911152 | IL-12 p40 subunit. |
| 1140 | 8911152 | IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were never detectable. |
| 1141 | 8911152 | The anamnestic response to CA was characterized by a very quick induction of high levels of IL-2, II N-gamma and IL-1 beta mRNAs. |
| 1142 | 8911152 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNAs remained high up to 24 hr while IL-1 beta mRNA decreased strongly. |
| 1143 | 8911152 | A weak, transient expression of IL-10 mRNA was induced at 2 hr whereas the IL-12 p40 subunit, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were not detectable. |
| 1144 | 8911152 | The response to CA priming was characterized by an early and high expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-1 beta mRNAs At 24hr. |
| 1145 | 8911152 | IL-2 mRNA was still at a high level, while IL-1 beta had greatly decreased. |
| 1146 | 8911152 | A weak expression of IL-10 was only induced at 2 hr. whereas IL-12 p40 subunit, interferon-7 (IFN-7) IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were undetectable. |
| 1147 | 8911152 | A progressive increase of IL-2 mRNA expression was also induced whereas IL-1 beta and IL-10 mRNAs were always transiently expressed at 2 hr at levels similar to those observed after the priming. |
| 1148 | 8911152 | IL-12 p40 subunit. |
| 1149 | 8911152 | IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were never detectable. |
| 1150 | 8911152 | The anamnestic response to CA was characterized by a very quick induction of high levels of IL-2, II N-gamma and IL-1 beta mRNAs. |
| 1151 | 8911152 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNAs remained high up to 24 hr while IL-1 beta mRNA decreased strongly. |
| 1152 | 8911152 | A weak, transient expression of IL-10 mRNA was induced at 2 hr whereas the IL-12 p40 subunit, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were not detectable. |
| 1153 | 8918692 | This was accompanied by augmentation of the IRBP-specific IgG1 antibody (Th2) response and down-regulation of the IRBP-specific IgG2a (Th1) response. |
| 1154 | 8918692 | Consistent with this is the observation that two of two T cell lines established from p518-529-primed mice produced Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), whereas three of three T cell lines obtained from IRBP-primed mice produced Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma). |
| 1155 | 8921965 | T cells reactive to B4 as well as to some minor epitopes were CD4+CD8- T cells which produced IFN-gamma but no detectable IL-4 upon antigen stimulation in vitro. |
| 1156 | 8923133 | Recombinant (r) interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2 and interferon (IFN) gamma have been used primarily to enhance humoral responses with enhanced protection assessed where appropriate. |
| 1157 | 8923133 | Cytokine adjuvant studies in ruminants have been restricted to recombinant ovine (rov) and bovine (rbov) IL-1 and IL-2. |
| 1158 | 8923133 | Based on analysis in mouse models of helminth infection, other cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 may be appropriate for vaccines based on induction of mechanisms involved in natural immunity. |
| 1159 | 8932765 | While all four groups showed low levels of IL-10, the Freund's (sc) and alum groups had higher levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 than Freund's (ip) and Ribi-700 groups, and most strikingly, no IL-4 could be detected in either the Freund's (sc) or the alum group, in contrast to significant levels of IL-4 in both the Freund's (ip) and the Ribi-700 group. |
| 1160 | 8932764 | Antigen-stimulated cells were harvested for CD4 and CD8 phenotype analysis and the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) produced were also determined. |
| 1161 | 8932764 | Results show two different patterns of Lb-induced T cell responses: (a) predominance of responding CD4+ cells and mixed type 1 and type 2 cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4) during the active disease, (b) similar proportions of responding CD4+ and CD8+ cells and type 1 cytokine production (presence of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and very low IL-4) at the end of therapy (healed lesions). |
| 1162 | 8932764 | However, the P-4- or P-8-stimulated cultures had similar percentages of reactive CD4+ and CD8+ cells, as well as type 1 cytokines (presence of IFN-gamma and IL-2, and low levels or absence of IL-4) in the supernatants both before and at the end of therapy. |
| 1163 | 8932764 | Antigen-stimulated cells were harvested for CD4 and CD8 phenotype analysis and the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) produced were also determined. |
| 1164 | 8932764 | Results show two different patterns of Lb-induced T cell responses: (a) predominance of responding CD4+ cells and mixed type 1 and type 2 cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4) during the active disease, (b) similar proportions of responding CD4+ and CD8+ cells and type 1 cytokine production (presence of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and very low IL-4) at the end of therapy (healed lesions). |
| 1165 | 8932764 | However, the P-4- or P-8-stimulated cultures had similar percentages of reactive CD4+ and CD8+ cells, as well as type 1 cytokines (presence of IFN-gamma and IL-2, and low levels or absence of IL-4) in the supernatants both before and at the end of therapy. |
| 1166 | 8932764 | Antigen-stimulated cells were harvested for CD4 and CD8 phenotype analysis and the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) produced were also determined. |
| 1167 | 8932764 | Results show two different patterns of Lb-induced T cell responses: (a) predominance of responding CD4+ cells and mixed type 1 and type 2 cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4) during the active disease, (b) similar proportions of responding CD4+ and CD8+ cells and type 1 cytokine production (presence of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and very low IL-4) at the end of therapy (healed lesions). |
| 1168 | 8932764 | However, the P-4- or P-8-stimulated cultures had similar percentages of reactive CD4+ and CD8+ cells, as well as type 1 cytokines (presence of IFN-gamma and IL-2, and low levels or absence of IL-4) in the supernatants both before and at the end of therapy. |
| 1169 | 8933818 | Northern blot analysis revealed that 2 h after CA-5d, PECs expressed a high level of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta and a low level of IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNAs, while IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were absent, suggesting the development of TH1 subset. |
| 1170 | 8933818 | At 24 h, while IL-2 mRNA remained high, IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma expression had decreased and IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNAs were no longer detectable. |
| 1171 | 8933818 | Instead, in spleens of CA-treated mice, examined up to 5 days after CA-5d, only IL-2 and IL-1 beta mRNAs were detectable, but the expression level was similar to that of untreated control mice. |
| 1172 | 8938161 | Compared with before vaccination, PBMC from group 2 subjects produced significantly less interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and more IL-4 in response to HBsAg after vaccination, a cytokine response not observed in group 1 subjects. |
| 1173 | 8955204 | Comparison between IL-12 and IL-2 gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines. |
| 1174 | 8955204 | We have compared the therapeutic activity and characterized the antitumor response induced by IL-12 and IL-2 gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines. |
| 1175 | 8955204 | Mice bearing lung metastases of the BALB/c colon carcinoma C51 were treated with syngenic, histologically related, and antigenically cross-reacting irradiated IL-12 (C26/IL12) or IL-2 (C26/IL2) gene-transduced C26 tumor cells given s.c. |
| 1176 | 8955204 | CD4+ lymphocytes purified from the lymph nodes draining the vaccination site or from the spleen showed a higher production of IFN-gamma in response to anti-CD3 mAb in C26/IL12 vaccinated mice, while a higher production of IL-4 was shown in mice vaccinated with C26/IL2 cells. |
| 1177 | 8964089 | Abortus ssb, uvrA, GroES, and GroEL genes into the prokaryotic expression vector pMAL-c2 using PCR. |
| 1178 | 8964089 | In addition to T-cell proliferative responses, CD4+ T cells were tested for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion. |
| 1179 | 8964089 | The cytokine profile of the proliferating cells was characteristic of a Th1 type, as we detected IL-2 and IFN-gamma but not IL-4 in the T-cell culture supernatants. |
| 1180 | 8964089 | Abortus ssb, uvrA, GroES, and GroEL genes into the prokaryotic expression vector pMAL-c2 using PCR. |
| 1181 | 8964089 | In addition to T-cell proliferative responses, CD4+ T cells were tested for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion. |
| 1182 | 8964089 | The cytokine profile of the proliferating cells was characteristic of a Th1 type, as we detected IL-2 and IFN-gamma but not IL-4 in the T-cell culture supernatants. |
| 1183 | 8977282 | Interleukin-10 and interleukin-4 have similar effects on hapten-specific primary antibody responses to penicillin in vivo. |
| 1184 | 8977282 | Interleukin (IL)-10 was initially recognized on the basis of its capacity to inhibit production of interferon (IFN)-gamma by T helper (Th)1 lymphocytes; we examined whether this cytokine can bias the primary antibody (Ab) response to the hapten penicillin. |
| 1185 | 8977282 | Neutralization on administration of IL-10 had effects very similar to neutralization or administration of IL-4. |
| 1186 | 8977282 | However, co-neutralization of IL-10 and IL-4 in SJL did not evidence additive or synergistic effects of the two cytokines. |
| 1187 | 8977282 | Administration of IL-10 or IL-4 in BALB/c inhibited BPO-TT-induced expression of IL-12 p40 mRNA without modulating IFN-gamma mRNA. |
| 1188 | 8977282 | Together, these data demonstrate that endogenous production of IL-10 regulates the production of IgG2a Ab in response to BPO-TT and that IL-10, like IL-4, is critical for controlling primary responses to antibiotics which behave as haptenic compounds. |
| 1189 | 8977282 | Interleukin-10 and interleukin-4 have similar effects on hapten-specific primary antibody responses to penicillin in vivo. |
| 1190 | 8977282 | Interleukin (IL)-10 was initially recognized on the basis of its capacity to inhibit production of interferon (IFN)-gamma by T helper (Th)1 lymphocytes; we examined whether this cytokine can bias the primary antibody (Ab) response to the hapten penicillin. |
| 1191 | 8977282 | Neutralization on administration of IL-10 had effects very similar to neutralization or administration of IL-4. |
| 1192 | 8977282 | However, co-neutralization of IL-10 and IL-4 in SJL did not evidence additive or synergistic effects of the two cytokines. |
| 1193 | 8977282 | Administration of IL-10 or IL-4 in BALB/c inhibited BPO-TT-induced expression of IL-12 p40 mRNA without modulating IFN-gamma mRNA. |
| 1194 | 8977282 | Together, these data demonstrate that endogenous production of IL-10 regulates the production of IgG2a Ab in response to BPO-TT and that IL-10, like IL-4, is critical for controlling primary responses to antibiotics which behave as haptenic compounds. |
| 1195 | 8977282 | Interleukin-10 and interleukin-4 have similar effects on hapten-specific primary antibody responses to penicillin in vivo. |
| 1196 | 8977282 | Interleukin (IL)-10 was initially recognized on the basis of its capacity to inhibit production of interferon (IFN)-gamma by T helper (Th)1 lymphocytes; we examined whether this cytokine can bias the primary antibody (Ab) response to the hapten penicillin. |
| 1197 | 8977282 | Neutralization on administration of IL-10 had effects very similar to neutralization or administration of IL-4. |
| 1198 | 8977282 | However, co-neutralization of IL-10 and IL-4 in SJL did not evidence additive or synergistic effects of the two cytokines. |
| 1199 | 8977282 | Administration of IL-10 or IL-4 in BALB/c inhibited BPO-TT-induced expression of IL-12 p40 mRNA without modulating IFN-gamma mRNA. |
| 1200 | 8977282 | Together, these data demonstrate that endogenous production of IL-10 regulates the production of IgG2a Ab in response to BPO-TT and that IL-10, like IL-4, is critical for controlling primary responses to antibiotics which behave as haptenic compounds. |
| 1201 | 8977282 | Interleukin-10 and interleukin-4 have similar effects on hapten-specific primary antibody responses to penicillin in vivo. |
| 1202 | 8977282 | Interleukin (IL)-10 was initially recognized on the basis of its capacity to inhibit production of interferon (IFN)-gamma by T helper (Th)1 lymphocytes; we examined whether this cytokine can bias the primary antibody (Ab) response to the hapten penicillin. |
| 1203 | 8977282 | Neutralization on administration of IL-10 had effects very similar to neutralization or administration of IL-4. |
| 1204 | 8977282 | However, co-neutralization of IL-10 and IL-4 in SJL did not evidence additive or synergistic effects of the two cytokines. |
| 1205 | 8977282 | Administration of IL-10 or IL-4 in BALB/c inhibited BPO-TT-induced expression of IL-12 p40 mRNA without modulating IFN-gamma mRNA. |
| 1206 | 8977282 | Together, these data demonstrate that endogenous production of IL-10 regulates the production of IgG2a Ab in response to BPO-TT and that IL-10, like IL-4, is critical for controlling primary responses to antibiotics which behave as haptenic compounds. |
| 1207 | 8977282 | Interleukin-10 and interleukin-4 have similar effects on hapten-specific primary antibody responses to penicillin in vivo. |
| 1208 | 8977282 | Interleukin (IL)-10 was initially recognized on the basis of its capacity to inhibit production of interferon (IFN)-gamma by T helper (Th)1 lymphocytes; we examined whether this cytokine can bias the primary antibody (Ab) response to the hapten penicillin. |
| 1209 | 8977282 | Neutralization on administration of IL-10 had effects very similar to neutralization or administration of IL-4. |
| 1210 | 8977282 | However, co-neutralization of IL-10 and IL-4 in SJL did not evidence additive or synergistic effects of the two cytokines. |
| 1211 | 8977282 | Administration of IL-10 or IL-4 in BALB/c inhibited BPO-TT-induced expression of IL-12 p40 mRNA without modulating IFN-gamma mRNA. |
| 1212 | 8977282 | Together, these data demonstrate that endogenous production of IL-10 regulates the production of IgG2a Ab in response to BPO-TT and that IL-10, like IL-4, is critical for controlling primary responses to antibiotics which behave as haptenic compounds. |
| 1213 | 8988846 | Th1 cells have been characterised by the production of gamma-interferon, interleukin (IL)-2, tumour necrosis factor-beta (lymphotoxin-alpha) and the ability to mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, and Th2 cells by their production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 and the ability to stimulate production of mast cells, eosinophils and IgE. |
| 1214 | 8993364 | The ability of activated macrophages to respond to HKLM was dramatically upregulated upon addition of IFN-gamma and markedly downregulated in the presence of the Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 1215 | 8995646 | For both SIVmac239 and its nef-deleted derivative, strong expression was observed as early as 7 days postinfection for interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and IL-13. |
| 1216 | 8995646 | Primary infection with SIVmac239 was characterized by a higher level of IL-4, IL-10, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, MCP-1, and RANTES gene expression and a lower level of IL-12 and granzyme B gene expression compared with infection with SIVmac239 delta nef. |
| 1217 | 9003208 | Lymphocyte pretreatment with rolipram also resulted in marked downregulation of gene expression for IL-4, IL-5, and interferon-gamma compared to monocyte pretreatment in both ragweed- and tetanus toxoid-driven systems. |
| 1218 | 9012834 | Interleukin 2 and interferon gamma were essential in early stages, and interleukin 4 was utilized in later stages, of CTL maturation. |
| 1219 | 9013964 | To enhance the immunogenicity of this nonsecreted viral structural protein at the B and T cell level, we coimmunized mice with pHCV2-2 and DNA expression constructs encoding for mouse IL-2, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF proteins. |
| 1220 | 9013964 | The CD4+ inflammatory T cell proliferative responses as well as CD8+ CTL activity to HCV core protein were enhanced substantially after coimmunization with the IL-2 and granulocyte-macrophage CSF DNA expression constructs. |
| 1221 | 9014289 | Increases in expression of both IL-4 and IFN-gamma occur following immunization with either Salmonella construct. |
| 1222 | 9014289 | In addition, other cytokines (IL-6, IL-7, IL-12) increase at similar levels in either BRD509 or KR1 dosed animals. |
| 1223 | 9014289 | Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-alpha are also present but unchanged at early time points (6, 24, and 72 hours), increasing only after 7 days postimmunization. |
| 1224 | 9022016 | Bacille Calmette Guérin and interleukin-12 down-modulate interleukin-4-producing CD4+ NK1+ T lymphocytes. |
| 1225 | 9022016 | Early production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) by macrophages and of IL-4 from CD4+ NK1+ T cells influence development of the acquired immune response against infectious agents, namely differentiation of interferon-gamma-secreting T helper 1 (Th1) cells against intracellular pathogens and of IL-4-producing Th2 cells against helminths. |
| 1226 | 9022016 | Evidence has been presented for transient convertibility of Th1 and Th2 cells in the presence of the polarizing cytokines IL-4 or IL-12, respectively. |
| 1227 | 9022016 | Moreover, it is likely that IL-4 dominates over IL-12, suggesting that Th2 cell development is preferred in the presence of both cytokines. |
| 1228 | 9022016 | Here we show that BCG and IL-12 down-modulate IL-4-producing CD4+ NK1+ TCR alpha/beta(intermediate) liver lymphocytes. |
| 1229 | 9022016 | Bacille Calmette Guérin and interleukin-12 down-modulate interleukin-4-producing CD4+ NK1+ T lymphocytes. |
| 1230 | 9022016 | Early production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) by macrophages and of IL-4 from CD4+ NK1+ T cells influence development of the acquired immune response against infectious agents, namely differentiation of interferon-gamma-secreting T helper 1 (Th1) cells against intracellular pathogens and of IL-4-producing Th2 cells against helminths. |
| 1231 | 9022016 | Evidence has been presented for transient convertibility of Th1 and Th2 cells in the presence of the polarizing cytokines IL-4 or IL-12, respectively. |
| 1232 | 9022016 | Moreover, it is likely that IL-4 dominates over IL-12, suggesting that Th2 cell development is preferred in the presence of both cytokines. |
| 1233 | 9022016 | Here we show that BCG and IL-12 down-modulate IL-4-producing CD4+ NK1+ TCR alpha/beta(intermediate) liver lymphocytes. |
| 1234 | 9022016 | Bacille Calmette Guérin and interleukin-12 down-modulate interleukin-4-producing CD4+ NK1+ T lymphocytes. |
| 1235 | 9022016 | Early production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) by macrophages and of IL-4 from CD4+ NK1+ T cells influence development of the acquired immune response against infectious agents, namely differentiation of interferon-gamma-secreting T helper 1 (Th1) cells against intracellular pathogens and of IL-4-producing Th2 cells against helminths. |
| 1236 | 9022016 | Evidence has been presented for transient convertibility of Th1 and Th2 cells in the presence of the polarizing cytokines IL-4 or IL-12, respectively. |
| 1237 | 9022016 | Moreover, it is likely that IL-4 dominates over IL-12, suggesting that Th2 cell development is preferred in the presence of both cytokines. |
| 1238 | 9022016 | Here we show that BCG and IL-12 down-modulate IL-4-producing CD4+ NK1+ TCR alpha/beta(intermediate) liver lymphocytes. |
| 1239 | 9022016 | Bacille Calmette Guérin and interleukin-12 down-modulate interleukin-4-producing CD4+ NK1+ T lymphocytes. |
| 1240 | 9022016 | Early production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) by macrophages and of IL-4 from CD4+ NK1+ T cells influence development of the acquired immune response against infectious agents, namely differentiation of interferon-gamma-secreting T helper 1 (Th1) cells against intracellular pathogens and of IL-4-producing Th2 cells against helminths. |
| 1241 | 9022016 | Evidence has been presented for transient convertibility of Th1 and Th2 cells in the presence of the polarizing cytokines IL-4 or IL-12, respectively. |
| 1242 | 9022016 | Moreover, it is likely that IL-4 dominates over IL-12, suggesting that Th2 cell development is preferred in the presence of both cytokines. |
| 1243 | 9022016 | Here we show that BCG and IL-12 down-modulate IL-4-producing CD4+ NK1+ TCR alpha/beta(intermediate) liver lymphocytes. |
| 1244 | 9022016 | Bacille Calmette Guérin and interleukin-12 down-modulate interleukin-4-producing CD4+ NK1+ T lymphocytes. |
| 1245 | 9022016 | Early production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) by macrophages and of IL-4 from CD4+ NK1+ T cells influence development of the acquired immune response against infectious agents, namely differentiation of interferon-gamma-secreting T helper 1 (Th1) cells against intracellular pathogens and of IL-4-producing Th2 cells against helminths. |
| 1246 | 9022016 | Evidence has been presented for transient convertibility of Th1 and Th2 cells in the presence of the polarizing cytokines IL-4 or IL-12, respectively. |
| 1247 | 9022016 | Moreover, it is likely that IL-4 dominates over IL-12, suggesting that Th2 cell development is preferred in the presence of both cytokines. |
| 1248 | 9022016 | Here we show that BCG and IL-12 down-modulate IL-4-producing CD4+ NK1+ TCR alpha/beta(intermediate) liver lymphocytes. |
| 1249 | 9026853 | It has recently been shown that serum levels of many cytokines are elevated in patients with CMPD and probably contribute to enhance proliferation of the malignant clones; on the other hand interleukin-6 seems to account for reactive thrombocytosis, and significant amounts of circulating interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 have been detected in IgA-deficient patients. |
| 1250 | 9032353 | HBcAg-primed Th cells efficiently produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and low levels of IL-4. |
| 1251 | 9032353 | Conversely, efficient IL-4 production and lesser amounts of IFN-gamma were elicited by HBeAg immunization. |
| 1252 | 9032353 | HBcAg-primed Th cells efficiently produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and low levels of IL-4. |
| 1253 | 9032353 | Conversely, efficient IL-4 production and lesser amounts of IFN-gamma were elicited by HBeAg immunization. |
| 1254 | 9037176 | These cationic liposome-entrapped DNA vaccines generate titres of anti-HBsAg IgG1 antibody isotype in excess of 100-fold higher and increased levels of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 when compared with naked DNA or DNA complexed with preformed similar (cationic) liposomes. |
| 1255 | 9038711 | Analysis of cytokine patterns in spleen and lymph node cells revealed a marked decrease of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 production and to a lesser extent a decrease of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) synthesis, resulting in an increased ratio of IFN-gamma: IL-4 in vaccinated-immunized mice compared with untreated-immunized control mice. |
| 1256 | 9041471 | We previously demonstrated that a panel of antigen-specific T helper cell clones derived from B. bigemina RAP-1-immunized cattle expressed relatively high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) protein and transcript and low levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), indicative of a type 1 immune response. |
| 1257 | 9041471 | In the current study we present evidence that subcutaneous immunization with native B. bigemina RAP-1 protein in RIBI adjuvant induces a predominant type 1 immune response in vivo, characterized by relatively high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in the draining prescapular lymph node. |
| 1258 | 9041471 | Ex vivo restimulation of draining lymph node lymphocytes with specific antigen resulted in proliferation and enhanced expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 transcript levels remained relatively low. |
| 1259 | 9041471 | We previously demonstrated that a panel of antigen-specific T helper cell clones derived from B. bigemina RAP-1-immunized cattle expressed relatively high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) protein and transcript and low levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), indicative of a type 1 immune response. |
| 1260 | 9041471 | In the current study we present evidence that subcutaneous immunization with native B. bigemina RAP-1 protein in RIBI adjuvant induces a predominant type 1 immune response in vivo, characterized by relatively high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in the draining prescapular lymph node. |
| 1261 | 9041471 | Ex vivo restimulation of draining lymph node lymphocytes with specific antigen resulted in proliferation and enhanced expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 transcript levels remained relatively low. |
| 1262 | 9041471 | We previously demonstrated that a panel of antigen-specific T helper cell clones derived from B. bigemina RAP-1-immunized cattle expressed relatively high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) protein and transcript and low levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), indicative of a type 1 immune response. |
| 1263 | 9041471 | In the current study we present evidence that subcutaneous immunization with native B. bigemina RAP-1 protein in RIBI adjuvant induces a predominant type 1 immune response in vivo, characterized by relatively high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in the draining prescapular lymph node. |
| 1264 | 9041471 | Ex vivo restimulation of draining lymph node lymphocytes with specific antigen resulted in proliferation and enhanced expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 transcript levels remained relatively low. |
| 1265 | 9043951 | BALB/c mice immunized either with soluble LH in alum or with particulate LH without adjuvant produced both Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-5) cytokines. |
| 1266 | 9043951 | In contrast, immunization of mice with particulate LH in the presence of poly(I):(C) or of IL-12 induced a strong activation of Th1 cells, as shown by an up-regulated IFN-gamma production, and by decreased IL-4 and IL-5 levels associated to a greatly enhanced IgG2a antibody response. |
| 1267 | 9043951 | BALB/c mice immunized either with soluble LH in alum or with particulate LH without adjuvant produced both Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-5) cytokines. |
| 1268 | 9043951 | In contrast, immunization of mice with particulate LH in the presence of poly(I):(C) or of IL-12 induced a strong activation of Th1 cells, as shown by an up-regulated IFN-gamma production, and by decreased IL-4 and IL-5 levels associated to a greatly enhanced IgG2a antibody response. |
| 1269 | 9052739 | In BALB/c mice, intramuscular injection of either plasmid induced IgG2a antibodies associated with a Th1-like profile characterized by the in vitro splenic production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 1270 | 9052739 | In control experiments, immunization using purified CAP antigen induced a predominant, but not exclusive, Th2-like profile as determined by the splenic production of IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 1271 | 9052739 | For all CAP immunogens, MHC haplotype of immunized mice was found to influence seroconversion rates but not the type of cytokines produced in vitro. |
| 1272 | 9058819 | Influence of gene-modified (IL-7, IL-4, and B7) tumor cell vaccines on tumor antigen presentation. |
| 1273 | 9058819 | Tumor cells genetically modified to coexpress certain cytokines (such as IL-7 or IL-4) and B7.1 have increased immunogenicity. |
| 1274 | 9058819 | Since tumor Ags can be presented either directly by tumor cells or indirectly by host APC (cross-priming), we asked whether B7.1 and IL-7 or IL-4 complemented each other by improving preferentially one or both pathways of Ag presentation. |
| 1275 | 9058819 | We used TS/A (H-2d) tumor cells and their IL-7, B7, and IL-7/B7 transfectants, and MCA205 (H-2b) tumor cells and their IL-4 and B7 transfectants. beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) was chosen as surrogate tumor Ag. beta-gal has different predominant MHC class I epitopes in H-2d and H-2b mice. |
| 1276 | 9058819 | In conclusion, indirect Ag presentation was augmented by B7, IL-7, and IL-4, while direct Ag presentation was improved only by B7. |
| 1277 | 9058819 | Influence of gene-modified (IL-7, IL-4, and B7) tumor cell vaccines on tumor antigen presentation. |
| 1278 | 9058819 | Tumor cells genetically modified to coexpress certain cytokines (such as IL-7 or IL-4) and B7.1 have increased immunogenicity. |
| 1279 | 9058819 | Since tumor Ags can be presented either directly by tumor cells or indirectly by host APC (cross-priming), we asked whether B7.1 and IL-7 or IL-4 complemented each other by improving preferentially one or both pathways of Ag presentation. |
| 1280 | 9058819 | We used TS/A (H-2d) tumor cells and their IL-7, B7, and IL-7/B7 transfectants, and MCA205 (H-2b) tumor cells and their IL-4 and B7 transfectants. beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) was chosen as surrogate tumor Ag. beta-gal has different predominant MHC class I epitopes in H-2d and H-2b mice. |
| 1281 | 9058819 | In conclusion, indirect Ag presentation was augmented by B7, IL-7, and IL-4, while direct Ag presentation was improved only by B7. |
| 1282 | 9058819 | Influence of gene-modified (IL-7, IL-4, and B7) tumor cell vaccines on tumor antigen presentation. |
| 1283 | 9058819 | Tumor cells genetically modified to coexpress certain cytokines (such as IL-7 or IL-4) and B7.1 have increased immunogenicity. |
| 1284 | 9058819 | Since tumor Ags can be presented either directly by tumor cells or indirectly by host APC (cross-priming), we asked whether B7.1 and IL-7 or IL-4 complemented each other by improving preferentially one or both pathways of Ag presentation. |
| 1285 | 9058819 | We used TS/A (H-2d) tumor cells and their IL-7, B7, and IL-7/B7 transfectants, and MCA205 (H-2b) tumor cells and their IL-4 and B7 transfectants. beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) was chosen as surrogate tumor Ag. beta-gal has different predominant MHC class I epitopes in H-2d and H-2b mice. |
| 1286 | 9058819 | In conclusion, indirect Ag presentation was augmented by B7, IL-7, and IL-4, while direct Ag presentation was improved only by B7. |
| 1287 | 9058819 | Influence of gene-modified (IL-7, IL-4, and B7) tumor cell vaccines on tumor antigen presentation. |
| 1288 | 9058819 | Tumor cells genetically modified to coexpress certain cytokines (such as IL-7 or IL-4) and B7.1 have increased immunogenicity. |
| 1289 | 9058819 | Since tumor Ags can be presented either directly by tumor cells or indirectly by host APC (cross-priming), we asked whether B7.1 and IL-7 or IL-4 complemented each other by improving preferentially one or both pathways of Ag presentation. |
| 1290 | 9058819 | We used TS/A (H-2d) tumor cells and their IL-7, B7, and IL-7/B7 transfectants, and MCA205 (H-2b) tumor cells and their IL-4 and B7 transfectants. beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) was chosen as surrogate tumor Ag. beta-gal has different predominant MHC class I epitopes in H-2d and H-2b mice. |
| 1291 | 9058819 | In conclusion, indirect Ag presentation was augmented by B7, IL-7, and IL-4, while direct Ag presentation was improved only by B7. |
| 1292 | 9058819 | Influence of gene-modified (IL-7, IL-4, and B7) tumor cell vaccines on tumor antigen presentation. |
| 1293 | 9058819 | Tumor cells genetically modified to coexpress certain cytokines (such as IL-7 or IL-4) and B7.1 have increased immunogenicity. |
| 1294 | 9058819 | Since tumor Ags can be presented either directly by tumor cells or indirectly by host APC (cross-priming), we asked whether B7.1 and IL-7 or IL-4 complemented each other by improving preferentially one or both pathways of Ag presentation. |
| 1295 | 9058819 | We used TS/A (H-2d) tumor cells and their IL-7, B7, and IL-7/B7 transfectants, and MCA205 (H-2b) tumor cells and their IL-4 and B7 transfectants. beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) was chosen as surrogate tumor Ag. beta-gal has different predominant MHC class I epitopes in H-2d and H-2b mice. |
| 1296 | 9058819 | In conclusion, indirect Ag presentation was augmented by B7, IL-7, and IL-4, while direct Ag presentation was improved only by B7. |
| 1297 | 9063493 | In these models Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma provide protection against the infection whereas Th2 cells producing IL-4 and IL-10 aggravate the disease. |
| 1298 | 9063493 | IFN-gamma, IL-12) will favour maturation of Th1 responses whereas others (e.g. |
| 1299 | 9063493 | IL-4, IL-10) support Th2 development. |
| 1300 | 9063493 | In these models Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma provide protection against the infection whereas Th2 cells producing IL-4 and IL-10 aggravate the disease. |
| 1301 | 9063493 | IFN-gamma, IL-12) will favour maturation of Th1 responses whereas others (e.g. |
| 1302 | 9063493 | IL-4, IL-10) support Th2 development. |
| 1303 | 9090785 | A simple method for obtaining DCs from mouse bone marrow cells cultured in the presence of GM-CSF + interleukin 4 is now available. |
| 1304 | 9090785 | In four different tumor models, mice injected with DCs grown in GM-CSF plus interleukin 4 and prepulsed with a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-recognized tumor peptide epitope developed a specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and were protected against a subsequent tumor challenge with tumor cells expressing the relevant tumor antigen. |
| 1305 | 9090785 | A simple method for obtaining DCs from mouse bone marrow cells cultured in the presence of GM-CSF + interleukin 4 is now available. |
| 1306 | 9090785 | In four different tumor models, mice injected with DCs grown in GM-CSF plus interleukin 4 and prepulsed with a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-recognized tumor peptide epitope developed a specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and were protected against a subsequent tumor challenge with tumor cells expressing the relevant tumor antigen. |
| 1307 | 9097923 | All parameters of T cell activation were normal, including proliferation mediated by CD2, CD3-T cell receptor (TCR) complex, and CD28; acquisition of responsiveness to exogenous IL-2 and IL-4; activation of proteinkinase C (PKC) by phorbol ester and calcium influx by addition of ionomycin. |
| 1308 | 9100988 | We have previously demonstrated that immunization of HIV-1-infected individuals with the common recall antigen, tetanus, induced transient increases in plasma viremia as well as an increased ability to isolate virus from CD8+ T cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under minimally stimulated culture conditions (IL-2 plus IL-4) postimmunization. |
| 1309 | 9100988 | In four of these patients, virus could also be isolated from CD8+ T cell-depleted PBMCs in the presence of tetanus without the addition of any exogenous IL-2. |
| 1310 | 9100988 | HIV-1 was isolated predominantly from CD4+ T cells with a CD45RO+, CD25+ phenotype and was associated with a trend to elevated levels in culture supernatants of IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-4. |
| 1311 | 9100988 | We have previously demonstrated that immunization of HIV-1-infected individuals with the common recall antigen, tetanus, induced transient increases in plasma viremia as well as an increased ability to isolate virus from CD8+ T cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under minimally stimulated culture conditions (IL-2 plus IL-4) postimmunization. |
| 1312 | 9100988 | In four of these patients, virus could also be isolated from CD8+ T cell-depleted PBMCs in the presence of tetanus without the addition of any exogenous IL-2. |
| 1313 | 9100988 | HIV-1 was isolated predominantly from CD4+ T cells with a CD45RO+, CD25+ phenotype and was associated with a trend to elevated levels in culture supernatants of IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-4. |
| 1314 | 9103465 | Cytokine-in-adjuvant steering of the immune response phenotype to HIV-1 vaccine constructs: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and TNF-alpha synergize with IL-12 to enhance induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 1315 | 9103465 | Here we study the effects of IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-1beta, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) incorporated with peptide in adjuvant on a variety of responses elicited: CTL, T cell proliferation, cytokine production and message, and Ab isotype. |
| 1316 | 9103465 | GM-CSF synergized with IL-12 for CTL induction in BALB/c mice concomitant with suppression of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 1317 | 9103465 | TNF-alpha also synergized with IL-12, but by a different mechanism, inducing IFN-gamma production in BALB/c mice and thus shifting the response to a Th1 phenotype. |
| 1318 | 9103465 | The results presented here suggest that in addition to IL-2, optimum induction of CD8+ CTL in vivo requires a combination of cytokines, including GM-CSF (probably acting to enhance Ag presentation and CD4+ cell help) and IL-12 (steering the Th response toward Th1 cytokines). |
| 1319 | 9103465 | Cytokine-in-adjuvant steering of the immune response phenotype to HIV-1 vaccine constructs: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and TNF-alpha synergize with IL-12 to enhance induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 1320 | 9103465 | Here we study the effects of IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-1beta, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) incorporated with peptide in adjuvant on a variety of responses elicited: CTL, T cell proliferation, cytokine production and message, and Ab isotype. |
| 1321 | 9103465 | GM-CSF synergized with IL-12 for CTL induction in BALB/c mice concomitant with suppression of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 1322 | 9103465 | TNF-alpha also synergized with IL-12, but by a different mechanism, inducing IFN-gamma production in BALB/c mice and thus shifting the response to a Th1 phenotype. |
| 1323 | 9103465 | The results presented here suggest that in addition to IL-2, optimum induction of CD8+ CTL in vivo requires a combination of cytokines, including GM-CSF (probably acting to enhance Ag presentation and CD4+ cell help) and IL-12 (steering the Th response toward Th1 cytokines). |
| 1324 | 9104786 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and T cell lines from old and young healthy individuals were therefore analyzed for their production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). |
| 1325 | 9104786 | When stimulated with TT, PBMC from young and old individuals expressed IL-4, but produced little IFN-gamma. |
| 1326 | 9104786 | All other stimuli induced a pronounced IFN-gamma production, while little or no IL-4 was expressed. |
| 1327 | 9104786 | T cell lines, regardless of their specificity or the donor age, produced IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 1328 | 9104786 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and T cell lines from old and young healthy individuals were therefore analyzed for their production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). |
| 1329 | 9104786 | When stimulated with TT, PBMC from young and old individuals expressed IL-4, but produced little IFN-gamma. |
| 1330 | 9104786 | All other stimuli induced a pronounced IFN-gamma production, while little or no IL-4 was expressed. |
| 1331 | 9104786 | T cell lines, regardless of their specificity or the donor age, produced IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 1332 | 9104786 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and T cell lines from old and young healthy individuals were therefore analyzed for their production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). |
| 1333 | 9104786 | When stimulated with TT, PBMC from young and old individuals expressed IL-4, but produced little IFN-gamma. |
| 1334 | 9104786 | All other stimuli induced a pronounced IFN-gamma production, while little or no IL-4 was expressed. |
| 1335 | 9104786 | T cell lines, regardless of their specificity or the donor age, produced IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 1336 | 9104786 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and T cell lines from old and young healthy individuals were therefore analyzed for their production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). |
| 1337 | 9104786 | When stimulated with TT, PBMC from young and old individuals expressed IL-4, but produced little IFN-gamma. |
| 1338 | 9104786 | All other stimuli induced a pronounced IFN-gamma production, while little or no IL-4 was expressed. |
| 1339 | 9104786 | T cell lines, regardless of their specificity or the donor age, produced IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 1340 | 9109198 | On the basis of these findings, a model system for the delivery of vaccine antigens to the immune system in vaccinia, fowlpox or DNA plasmid vectors along with type-2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-6, as B cell adjuvants is presented. |
| 1341 | 9122615 | The H-2(d) and H-2(k) mice were characterized as low or high responders in respect to the level of specific anti-gp340 antibodies, secretion of IgG2a isotype, antigen-specific lymphoproliferative capacity, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in the basic immunizations with gp340. |
| 1342 | 9122615 | The enhanced antigen-specific secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma together with the abrogation of IL-10 and the absence of IL-4 indicates that the responses were driven towards a Th1-type rather than Th2-type immune response. |
| 1343 | 9125535 | In contrast, no increases in interleukin-4 production were observed in the first 24 h and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels increased equally in both nonlethal and lethal infections. |
| 1344 | 9125535 | Infecting mice with increasing numbers of lethal P. yoelii and Plasmodium berghei parasites did not increase the amount of gamma interferon, interleukin-4, and tumor necrosis factor alpha produced in a dose-dependent fashion. |
| 1345 | 9125535 | In contrast, no increases in interleukin-4 production were observed in the first 24 h and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels increased equally in both nonlethal and lethal infections. |
| 1346 | 9125535 | Infecting mice with increasing numbers of lethal P. yoelii and Plasmodium berghei parasites did not increase the amount of gamma interferon, interleukin-4, and tumor necrosis factor alpha produced in a dose-dependent fashion. |
| 1347 | 9127013 | HIV-1 env DNA vaccine administered to rhesus monkeys elicits MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T helper cells that secrete IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 1348 | 9127013 | All of the CD4+ T cell lines responded to Env peptide by secreting IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha without appreciable IL-4 production. |
| 1349 | 9127013 | Demonstration of a nucleotide vaccine eliciting a Th1-like immune response is consistent with the well documented ability of naked DNA vaccines to induce durable CD8+ CTL responses. |
| 1350 | 9129542 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-13, and interferon-gamma were selected as lymphokine mRNAs of interest, since expression of these cytokines helps define the type of T helper lymphocyte response (i.e., TH1 versus TH2). |
| 1351 | 9129542 | Finally, partial sequences of owl monkey coding regions for IL-2, IL-13, and interferon-gamma were determined and compared for homology with their human counterparts. |
| 1352 | 9140097 | Thus, ovalbumin (OVA) iscoms induced higher levels of antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies and increased the production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 compared with OVA administered without adjuvant. |
| 1353 | 9140097 | In contrast, OVA formulated in Al(OH)3 elicited IgG1 and IgE antibodies and primed spleen cells producing IL-4 and IL-10, suggesting the activation of primarily Th2-like cells. |
| 1354 | 9140097 | Thus, ovalbumin (OVA) iscoms induced higher levels of antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies and increased the production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 compared with OVA administered without adjuvant. |
| 1355 | 9140097 | In contrast, OVA formulated in Al(OH)3 elicited IgG1 and IgE antibodies and primed spleen cells producing IL-4 and IL-10, suggesting the activation of primarily Th2-like cells. |
| 1356 | 9140115 | Two cytokine genes, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4, were introduced into glioma cells by sequential transduction with two single-expression GK vectors. |
| 1357 | 9144226 | Both S61F and native CT enhanced the induction of ovalbumin-specific CD4(+) T cells in lung and splenic tissues, and these T cells produced a Th2-type cytokine pattern of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 as determined by analysis of secreted proteins and by quantitation of cytokine-specific mRNA. |
| 1358 | 9151790 | Although treatment with antibody against IL-4 or recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) at the time of formalin-inactivated RSV vaccination induced a similar shift in the pattern of cytokine mRNA expression upon live virus challenge, anti-IL-4 treated mice had increased CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and reduced illness compared with rIL-12-treated mice. |
| 1359 | 9151790 | To define effector mechanisms responsible for these patterns, CD4+ and/or CD8+ T lymphocytes were selectively depleted in vivo at the time of RSV challenge. |
| 1360 | 9151790 | In rIL-12-treated mice, CD4+ lymphocytes made the largest contribution to IFN-gamma mRNA, RSV clearance, and illness, while in anti-IL-4 treated mice, CD8+ lymphocytes were the major effector. |
| 1361 | 9151790 | Although treatment with antibody against IL-4 or recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) at the time of formalin-inactivated RSV vaccination induced a similar shift in the pattern of cytokine mRNA expression upon live virus challenge, anti-IL-4 treated mice had increased CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and reduced illness compared with rIL-12-treated mice. |
| 1362 | 9151790 | To define effector mechanisms responsible for these patterns, CD4+ and/or CD8+ T lymphocytes were selectively depleted in vivo at the time of RSV challenge. |
| 1363 | 9151790 | In rIL-12-treated mice, CD4+ lymphocytes made the largest contribution to IFN-gamma mRNA, RSV clearance, and illness, while in anti-IL-4 treated mice, CD8+ lymphocytes were the major effector. |
| 1364 | 9158940 | We have transduced human melanoma cells with genes coding for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or B7-1 and characterized such lines. |
| 1365 | 9164952 | Rhesus macaques were orally immunized with a mucosal vaccine consisting of two different concentrations (1 mg vs 250 microg) of recombinant SIV p55gag (p55) with or without cholera toxin (CT, 50 microg) as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 1366 | 9164952 | When culture supernatants from these p55-stimulated PBMCs were examined for Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines, both IFN-gamma and IL-10 were present, but IL-4 was absent. |
| 1367 | 9164952 | CD4+ T cells isolated from these p55-stimulated PBMCs contained IFN-gamma spot-forming cells (SFCs) but not IL-4 SFCs. |
| 1368 | 9164952 | These results were further confirmed by cytokine-specific reverse transcriptase PCR analysis, where p55-specific CD4+ T cells expressed mRNA for IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10, but not IL-4. |
| 1369 | 9164952 | These findings suggest that oral immunization of nonhuman primates induced both IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 and select Th2 cytokine (e.g., IL-6 and IL-10)-producing CD4+ Th cells, which accounted for the generation of p55-specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses. |
| 1370 | 9164952 | Rhesus macaques were orally immunized with a mucosal vaccine consisting of two different concentrations (1 mg vs 250 microg) of recombinant SIV p55gag (p55) with or without cholera toxin (CT, 50 microg) as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 1371 | 9164952 | When culture supernatants from these p55-stimulated PBMCs were examined for Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines, both IFN-gamma and IL-10 were present, but IL-4 was absent. |
| 1372 | 9164952 | CD4+ T cells isolated from these p55-stimulated PBMCs contained IFN-gamma spot-forming cells (SFCs) but not IL-4 SFCs. |
| 1373 | 9164952 | These results were further confirmed by cytokine-specific reverse transcriptase PCR analysis, where p55-specific CD4+ T cells expressed mRNA for IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10, but not IL-4. |
| 1374 | 9164952 | These findings suggest that oral immunization of nonhuman primates induced both IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 and select Th2 cytokine (e.g., IL-6 and IL-10)-producing CD4+ Th cells, which accounted for the generation of p55-specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses. |
| 1375 | 9164952 | Rhesus macaques were orally immunized with a mucosal vaccine consisting of two different concentrations (1 mg vs 250 microg) of recombinant SIV p55gag (p55) with or without cholera toxin (CT, 50 microg) as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 1376 | 9164952 | When culture supernatants from these p55-stimulated PBMCs were examined for Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines, both IFN-gamma and IL-10 were present, but IL-4 was absent. |
| 1377 | 9164952 | CD4+ T cells isolated from these p55-stimulated PBMCs contained IFN-gamma spot-forming cells (SFCs) but not IL-4 SFCs. |
| 1378 | 9164952 | These results were further confirmed by cytokine-specific reverse transcriptase PCR analysis, where p55-specific CD4+ T cells expressed mRNA for IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10, but not IL-4. |
| 1379 | 9164952 | These findings suggest that oral immunization of nonhuman primates induced both IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 and select Th2 cytokine (e.g., IL-6 and IL-10)-producing CD4+ Th cells, which accounted for the generation of p55-specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses. |
| 1380 | 9169747 | Antigen-stimulated PBMC of responsive wP recipients were characterized by an elevated production of T-helper-cell type 1 cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 2 (IL-2), low to minimal production of IL-5, and no production of IL-4. |
| 1381 | 9169747 | The PBMC of aP vaccine-responsive recipients showed, in addition to the elevated IFN-gamma production, a consistent, antigen-dependent production of type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5), with PRN being the most and PT being the least effective antigen. |
| 1382 | 9169747 | Type 2 cytokine induction was more pronounced in aP-SB than in aP-CB recipients, as shown by the presence of IL-4 mRNA transcripts and higher IL-5 production in the former (161.6 +/- 36 and 47.9 +/- 44 pg/ml [mean +/- standard error for five subjects each], respectively, after PRN stimulation). |
| 1383 | 9169747 | Antigen-stimulated PBMC of responsive wP recipients were characterized by an elevated production of T-helper-cell type 1 cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 2 (IL-2), low to minimal production of IL-5, and no production of IL-4. |
| 1384 | 9169747 | The PBMC of aP vaccine-responsive recipients showed, in addition to the elevated IFN-gamma production, a consistent, antigen-dependent production of type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5), with PRN being the most and PT being the least effective antigen. |
| 1385 | 9169747 | Type 2 cytokine induction was more pronounced in aP-SB than in aP-CB recipients, as shown by the presence of IL-4 mRNA transcripts and higher IL-5 production in the former (161.6 +/- 36 and 47.9 +/- 44 pg/ml [mean +/- standard error for five subjects each], respectively, after PRN stimulation). |
| 1386 | 9169747 | Antigen-stimulated PBMC of responsive wP recipients were characterized by an elevated production of T-helper-cell type 1 cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 2 (IL-2), low to minimal production of IL-5, and no production of IL-4. |
| 1387 | 9169747 | The PBMC of aP vaccine-responsive recipients showed, in addition to the elevated IFN-gamma production, a consistent, antigen-dependent production of type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5), with PRN being the most and PT being the least effective antigen. |
| 1388 | 9169747 | Type 2 cytokine induction was more pronounced in aP-SB than in aP-CB recipients, as shown by the presence of IL-4 mRNA transcripts and higher IL-5 production in the former (161.6 +/- 36 and 47.9 +/- 44 pg/ml [mean +/- standard error for five subjects each], respectively, after PRN stimulation). |
| 1389 | 9178456 | The pattern of expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-7 (IFN-gamma 1 mRNA was established by day 4 after challenge and was maintained at least through day 12, and was not affected by the concentration of priming immunogen or virus challenge. |
| 1390 | 9178456 | An enzyme-linked immunospot assay demonstrated that CD4+ T cells were responsible for the production of IL-4, while many cell types secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 1391 | 9178456 | These experiments begin to define the kinetics of cytokine expression and phenotypes of cytokine-producing cells following RSV infection, supporting previous findings that suggested aberrant infiltration of CD4+ T lymphocytes and excessive IL-4 secretion may play a role in the vaccine-enhanced disease associated with RSV. |
| 1392 | 9178456 | The pattern of expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-7 (IFN-gamma 1 mRNA was established by day 4 after challenge and was maintained at least through day 12, and was not affected by the concentration of priming immunogen or virus challenge. |
| 1393 | 9178456 | An enzyme-linked immunospot assay demonstrated that CD4+ T cells were responsible for the production of IL-4, while many cell types secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 1394 | 9178456 | These experiments begin to define the kinetics of cytokine expression and phenotypes of cytokine-producing cells following RSV infection, supporting previous findings that suggested aberrant infiltration of CD4+ T lymphocytes and excessive IL-4 secretion may play a role in the vaccine-enhanced disease associated with RSV. |
| 1395 | 9178456 | The pattern of expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-7 (IFN-gamma 1 mRNA was established by day 4 after challenge and was maintained at least through day 12, and was not affected by the concentration of priming immunogen or virus challenge. |
| 1396 | 9178456 | An enzyme-linked immunospot assay demonstrated that CD4+ T cells were responsible for the production of IL-4, while many cell types secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 1397 | 9178456 | These experiments begin to define the kinetics of cytokine expression and phenotypes of cytokine-producing cells following RSV infection, supporting previous findings that suggested aberrant infiltration of CD4+ T lymphocytes and excessive IL-4 secretion may play a role in the vaccine-enhanced disease associated with RSV. |
| 1398 | 9178643 | Both the ratio of IL-4:IFN-gamma-secreting cells and the isotype of antibodies produced by these mice were altered by primary immunization. |
| 1399 | 9184629 | These CSF cell populations consist of approximately 60% CD4+ T-cells, half of which bear IL-2 receptors, indicating these activated T-cells may be part of the pathogenic process in MS. |
| 1400 | 9184629 | When these activated CD4+ T-cells were selectively expanded in IL-2/IL-4 supplemented cultures, an over-representation of several TCRV beta families was noted in 39/47 patients, the most frequent being V beta 6.5, V beta 6.7, V beta 2, V beta 5 and V beta 4. |
| 1401 | 9190958 | Analysis of IFN-gamma and IL-4 production by CD4+ T cell clones obtained from cultures stimulated with anti-CD3 mAb or the env peptides showed an increased proportion of Th2 and Th0 clones in HIV-infected children with lower HIV-specific CTL activity, whereas children with high CTL activity had increased numbers of Th1 clones. |
| 1402 | 9191335 | Modulation of bovine T cell responses by IL-12 and the influence of IL-4 on interferon-gamma responses to respiratory syncytial virus. |
| 1403 | 9191837 | We also examined the influence of MV infection on the production of the cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-gamma by T lymphocytes. |
| 1404 | 9191837 | By comparing infected versus uninfected antigen-specific T cell lines, we found that MV infection of antigen-specific activated T cells caused no substantial change in generation of IFN-gamma, IL-6, or IL-10. |
| 1405 | 9199462 | A murine model of pneumonia due to the mouse pneumonitis agent (MoPn [murine Chlamydia trachomatis]) in mice deficient in CD4+ T-cell function (major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class II function [class II-/-], CD8+ T-cell function (beta2-microglobulin deficient, MHC class I deficient [Beta2m-/-]), B-cell function (C57BL/10J-Igh(tm1Cgn) [Igh-/-]), and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (C57BL/6-Ifg(tm1) [Ifg-/-]) or interleukin-4 (C57BL/6J(tm1Cgn29) [IL4-/-]) production was employed to determine if each of these mechanisms was critical to resistance against reinfection by C. trachomatis or if alternate compensatory mechanisms existed in their absence which could potentially be exploited in vaccine development. |
| 1406 | 9199462 | CD4 T-cell-deficient MHC class II-/- mice were very susceptible to reinfection with MoPn, showing the critical importance of this cell to resistance. |
| 1407 | 9199462 | These mice lacked antibody production but did produce IFN-gamma, apparently by mechanisms involving NK and CD8+ T cells. |
| 1408 | 9199462 | Levels of lung IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha were elevated in Igh-/- mice compared to those in controls. |
| 1409 | 9199462 | Of most importance, however, congenitally IFN-gamma-deficient Ifg-/- mice (which have elevated levels of other cytokines, including TNF-alpha and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) are paradoxically more resistant to MoPn rechallenge than controls, showing that IFN-gamma is not an absolute requirement for acquired resistance and implying the presence of very effective compensatory host defense mechanism(s). |
| 1410 | 9199462 | Thus, resistance to reinfection in this model is flexible and multifactorial and is heavily dependent on CD4+ T cells, with a probable role for IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and a possible modest role for Th1-dependent antibody. |
| 1411 | 9199462 | Since IFN-gamma was dispensable in host defense, the highly effective mechanism or mechanisms which can compensate for its absence (which include TNF-alpha) deserve further study. |
| 1412 | 9200470 | Analysis of intracellular cytokines by flow cytometry showed that IFN-gamma production during challenge was increased, and IL-4 and IL-5 levels were reduced by IL-12 treatment. |
| 1413 | 9203655 | Compared with responses in placebo recipients, vaccinees had greater postvaccination H3(Beijing/32) HA (H3)-specific lymphoproliferation and interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. |
| 1414 | 9203655 | Mean increases in the production of IL-10 (> or = 20-fold) and IL-2 (10-fold) were relatively greater than that of IFN-gamma (4-fold) or IL-4 (no change). |
| 1415 | 9203655 | Serum H3 antibodies were induced in 80% of rHA recipients, and the rise in antibody titer was significantly correlated with changes in IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-gamma concentrations. |
| 1416 | 9209348 | The spleen cells from the immunized mice produced a large amount of IFN-gamma and IL-2, whereas they released neither IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 1417 | 9218754 | BCG vaccination prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in NOD mice after disease acceleration with cyclophosphamide. |
| 1418 | 9218754 | We have previously shown that immunotherapy with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or BCG is highly effective in the prevention of spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in circumventing the rejection of syngeneic islet grafts in diabetic NOD mice. |
| 1419 | 9218754 | The comprehensive effect of BCG vaccination on cytokine production in Cy-treated mice was to increase IL-4 production and change the IL-4/IFN-gamma ratio in both serum and supernatant of spleen cell cultures. |
| 1420 | 9218754 | We found that BCG-induced protection was associated with increased splenic CD4+CD45 RB(high) T cells. |
| 1421 | 9224970 | Th1 favor rejection (tumoral, fetal or of transplants) through the elaboration of IL-2, IFN and TNF while Th2 led to tolerance or acceptation through the production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10: both functions neutralize each other establishing a "normal" equilibrium Th1 vs Th2. |
| 1422 | 9227322 | We studied the regulatory role of interleukin-4 (IL-4; Th2 response) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; Th1 response) in HIV infection and its role in the generation of HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in an in vitro system. |
| 1423 | 9227322 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin and tetanus toxoid in the presence or absence of IL-4 to determine the effect of IL-4 on IFN-gamma production and HIV-Env-specific CTL activity. |
| 1424 | 9227322 | IL-4 showed a dual effect on IFN-gamma production in HIV patients. |
| 1425 | 9227322 | IL-4 down-regulated IFN-gamma production in HIV-seronegative individuals and in 55% of HIV patients whereas it stimulated IFN-gamma production in 45% of HIV patients. |
| 1426 | 9227322 | IL-4 inhibits IFN-gamma production as well as stimulates CTL generation which in turn produces IFN-gamma. |
| 1427 | 9227322 | We studied the regulatory role of interleukin-4 (IL-4; Th2 response) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; Th1 response) in HIV infection and its role in the generation of HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in an in vitro system. |
| 1428 | 9227322 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin and tetanus toxoid in the presence or absence of IL-4 to determine the effect of IL-4 on IFN-gamma production and HIV-Env-specific CTL activity. |
| 1429 | 9227322 | IL-4 showed a dual effect on IFN-gamma production in HIV patients. |
| 1430 | 9227322 | IL-4 down-regulated IFN-gamma production in HIV-seronegative individuals and in 55% of HIV patients whereas it stimulated IFN-gamma production in 45% of HIV patients. |
| 1431 | 9227322 | IL-4 inhibits IFN-gamma production as well as stimulates CTL generation which in turn produces IFN-gamma. |
| 1432 | 9227322 | We studied the regulatory role of interleukin-4 (IL-4; Th2 response) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; Th1 response) in HIV infection and its role in the generation of HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in an in vitro system. |
| 1433 | 9227322 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin and tetanus toxoid in the presence or absence of IL-4 to determine the effect of IL-4 on IFN-gamma production and HIV-Env-specific CTL activity. |
| 1434 | 9227322 | IL-4 showed a dual effect on IFN-gamma production in HIV patients. |
| 1435 | 9227322 | IL-4 down-regulated IFN-gamma production in HIV-seronegative individuals and in 55% of HIV patients whereas it stimulated IFN-gamma production in 45% of HIV patients. |
| 1436 | 9227322 | IL-4 inhibits IFN-gamma production as well as stimulates CTL generation which in turn produces IFN-gamma. |
| 1437 | 9227322 | We studied the regulatory role of interleukin-4 (IL-4; Th2 response) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; Th1 response) in HIV infection and its role in the generation of HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in an in vitro system. |
| 1438 | 9227322 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin and tetanus toxoid in the presence or absence of IL-4 to determine the effect of IL-4 on IFN-gamma production and HIV-Env-specific CTL activity. |
| 1439 | 9227322 | IL-4 showed a dual effect on IFN-gamma production in HIV patients. |
| 1440 | 9227322 | IL-4 down-regulated IFN-gamma production in HIV-seronegative individuals and in 55% of HIV patients whereas it stimulated IFN-gamma production in 45% of HIV patients. |
| 1441 | 9227322 | IL-4 inhibits IFN-gamma production as well as stimulates CTL generation which in turn produces IFN-gamma. |
| 1442 | 9227322 | We studied the regulatory role of interleukin-4 (IL-4; Th2 response) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; Th1 response) in HIV infection and its role in the generation of HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in an in vitro system. |
| 1443 | 9227322 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin and tetanus toxoid in the presence or absence of IL-4 to determine the effect of IL-4 on IFN-gamma production and HIV-Env-specific CTL activity. |
| 1444 | 9227322 | IL-4 showed a dual effect on IFN-gamma production in HIV patients. |
| 1445 | 9227322 | IL-4 down-regulated IFN-gamma production in HIV-seronegative individuals and in 55% of HIV patients whereas it stimulated IFN-gamma production in 45% of HIV patients. |
| 1446 | 9227322 | IL-4 inhibits IFN-gamma production as well as stimulates CTL generation which in turn produces IFN-gamma. |
| 1447 | 9233612 | FACS analysis of T cells from MLN and lung tissue demonstrated that T cells expressing any of the activation markers tested (LFA-1, CD25, CD44, CD45RB, CD49d, CD62L) always expressed high levels of CD44 and LFA-1. |
| 1448 | 9233612 | These double-high T cells produced >99% of all anti-CD3 mAb-induced IL-4 and IFN-gamma. |
| 1449 | 9233612 | Despite their similar phenotype, purified double-high lung parenchyma T cells produced markedly higher levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma, and contained a higher frequency of cytokine producers than their MLN counterparts. |
| 1450 | 9233612 | Activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-2 in response to TCR cross-linking was detected in double-high T cells from lung tissue but not MLN. |
| 1451 | 9233612 | The requirement for ERK signaling for maximal IFN-gamma synthesis could nevertheless be demonstrated in both populations by blockade with the inhibitor PD98509. |
| 1452 | 9233612 | FACS analysis of T cells from MLN and lung tissue demonstrated that T cells expressing any of the activation markers tested (LFA-1, CD25, CD44, CD45RB, CD49d, CD62L) always expressed high levels of CD44 and LFA-1. |
| 1453 | 9233612 | These double-high T cells produced >99% of all anti-CD3 mAb-induced IL-4 and IFN-gamma. |
| 1454 | 9233612 | Despite their similar phenotype, purified double-high lung parenchyma T cells produced markedly higher levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma, and contained a higher frequency of cytokine producers than their MLN counterparts. |
| 1455 | 9233612 | Activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-2 in response to TCR cross-linking was detected in double-high T cells from lung tissue but not MLN. |
| 1456 | 9233612 | The requirement for ERK signaling for maximal IFN-gamma synthesis could nevertheless be demonstrated in both populations by blockade with the inhibitor PD98509. |
| 1457 | 9234526 | Ag85A and Ag85B encoding plasmids induced a robust Th1-like response towards native Ag85, characterized by elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 1458 | 9234526 | Levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were low or undetectable. |
| 1459 | 9234539 | Mice immunized with gp120 DNA developed strong antigen-specific antibody responses, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) (following in vitro restimulation with gp120-derived peptide), and showed in vitro proliferation and Th1-like cytokine secretion [gamma-interferon, interleukin (IL)-2 with little or no IL-4] by lymphocytes obtained from all lymphatic compartments tested (spleen, blood, and inguinal, iliac, and mesenteric lymph nodes). |
| 1460 | 9234766 | Analysis of cytokine production revealed mRNA for Th1-type cytokines (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon) as well as Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in the spleens of both protected and susceptible animals. |
| 1461 | 9257854 | However, in vitro restimulation of the accompanying virus-specific T cell populations from the two sites did not reveal any significant difference in lymphokine output, and isotype expression was not altered substantially in mice lacking IL-4 or IL-6 genes. |
| 1462 | 9261953 | After a single subcutaneous injection, iscoms were delivered to the draining LN where they induced a transient population of LN cells which responded with proliferation and secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) after restimulation. |
| 1463 | 9261953 | The response in the spleen developed more slowly, sustained for 12 weeks and was characterized by cells producing in particular IL-2 and IFN-gamma but also IL-4. |
| 1464 | 9261953 | After a single subcutaneous injection, iscoms were delivered to the draining LN where they induced a transient population of LN cells which responded with proliferation and secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) after restimulation. |
| 1465 | 9261953 | The response in the spleen developed more slowly, sustained for 12 weeks and was characterized by cells producing in particular IL-2 and IFN-gamma but also IL-4. |
| 1466 | 9272363 | In an investigation of cell-mediated immunity against Bordetella pertussis, we found that B. pertussis infection in infants and in mice was associated with the induction of antigen-specific T cells that secrete IFN-g and IL-2, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 1467 | 9272363 | An examination of cytokine production following immunization with a three-component acellular vaccine, comprising inactive PT, FHA and pertactin adsorbed to alum, demonstrated that spleen cells from vaccinated mice produced high levels of IL-5, but no detectable IFN-g and low levels of IL-2. |
| 1468 | 9272363 | In contrast, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated infants produced IL-2, IL-5 and IFN-g. |
| 1469 | 9278182 | We have also shown that tetanus toxoid (TT) specific CD4+ T cell clones, with a known cytokine production profile, were sensitive to the inhibitory effects of thiopental and exhibited decreased proliferation to TT as well as decreased secretion of IL-2. |
| 1470 | 9278182 | In addition, we have shown that whereas IL-2 and interferon-gamma production is dramatically impaired by the drug, IL-4 production is not significantly altered. |
| 1471 | 9286367 | The originally developed culture system to generate DC from peripheral human blood with GM-CSF and IL-4 was dependent on the use of fetal calf serum. |
| 1472 | 9287173 | Basic immunological research has benefited from the use of recombinant viruses to further understand the role of molecules such as CD40 ligand, nitric oxide and interleukin-4. |
| 1473 | 9291300 | Evaluation of the immune response in mice immunized with BBG2Na in the adjuvant alhydrogel revealed high amounts of interleukin (IL)-5 and some IL-4 in splenocytes restimulated in vitro. |
| 1474 | 9292418 | C. neoformans-stimulated control PBMC released IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-10 into the supernatant with peak or near peak concentrations of these three cytokines generally seen by day 1. |
| 1475 | 9292418 | In contrast, C. neoformans-stimulated patient PBMC released IFN-gamma, which peaked on day 7, as well as IL-4, IL-10, and in one of two patients, IL-2. |
| 1476 | 9302743 | The codelivery of vectors encoding IL-2, IL-7, or IL-12 blocked this effect by markedly enhancing gp120-specific interferon gamma production, and suppressing IL-4 and IgG1 responses. |
| 1477 | 9302743 | In this case, IFN-gamma production following in vitro stimulation increased by over 1000-fold, while IL-4, IgG1, and IgG2a responses were elevated as well. |
| 1478 | 9302743 | Interestingly, cytokine gene codelivery, in the context of the longer resting period, provided no additional stimulation of Th1-like responses such as IFN-gamma and IgG2a production, although there was still some suppression of IL-4 production. |
| 1479 | 9302743 | The codelivery of vectors encoding IL-2, IL-7, or IL-12 blocked this effect by markedly enhancing gp120-specific interferon gamma production, and suppressing IL-4 and IgG1 responses. |
| 1480 | 9302743 | In this case, IFN-gamma production following in vitro stimulation increased by over 1000-fold, while IL-4, IgG1, and IgG2a responses were elevated as well. |
| 1481 | 9302743 | Interestingly, cytokine gene codelivery, in the context of the longer resting period, provided no additional stimulation of Th1-like responses such as IFN-gamma and IgG2a production, although there was still some suppression of IL-4 production. |
| 1482 | 9302743 | The codelivery of vectors encoding IL-2, IL-7, or IL-12 blocked this effect by markedly enhancing gp120-specific interferon gamma production, and suppressing IL-4 and IgG1 responses. |
| 1483 | 9302743 | In this case, IFN-gamma production following in vitro stimulation increased by over 1000-fold, while IL-4, IgG1, and IgG2a responses were elevated as well. |
| 1484 | 9302743 | Interestingly, cytokine gene codelivery, in the context of the longer resting period, provided no additional stimulation of Th1-like responses such as IFN-gamma and IgG2a production, although there was still some suppression of IL-4 production. |
| 1485 | 9310492 | Bulk peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or enriched CD8+ T cells were stimulated for 10 days with autologous ALVAC-infected PBMCs in the presence of different cytokine combinations (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-7, and IL-12). |
| 1486 | 9310492 | The ALVAC activation of CTLp was IL-2 dependent and enhanced by the addition of IL-7, whereas IL-4 and IL-12 failed to augment cytotoxic reactivities elicited by these constructs. |
| 1487 | 9310492 | The expansion of enriched CD8+ T cells after activation with vCP300 was higher in patients with CD4 counts greater than 400 cells/microL. |
| 1488 | 9310492 | Bulk peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or enriched CD8+ T cells were stimulated for 10 days with autologous ALVAC-infected PBMCs in the presence of different cytokine combinations (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-7, and IL-12). |
| 1489 | 9310492 | The ALVAC activation of CTLp was IL-2 dependent and enhanced by the addition of IL-7, whereas IL-4 and IL-12 failed to augment cytotoxic reactivities elicited by these constructs. |
| 1490 | 9310492 | The expansion of enriched CD8+ T cells after activation with vCP300 was higher in patients with CD4 counts greater than 400 cells/microL. |
| 1491 | 9315484 | A variety of cytokines such as granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-2, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-gamma, as well as the costimulatory molecule B7.1, have been tested to date for their ability to amplify the immune response to genetic vaccines. |
| 1492 | 9341744 | Detection of CD4+CD45RO+ T lymphocytes producing IL-4 in response to antigens on Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytes: an in vitro correlate of protective immunity induced with attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. |
| 1493 | 9341744 | We have previously reported that although considered stage specific based on antibody and CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocyte responses directed against preerythrocytic stage antigens, in particular, the circumsporozoite protein and sporozoite surface protein 2, protective immunity induced in humans by attenuated Plasmodium falciparum SPZ may also involve CD4+ T cell responding to antigens present on parasitized red blood cells (pRBC). |
| 1494 | 9341744 | In contrast, we noted an increase in the IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells that also exhibited the memory phenotype, CD45RO, and an upregulated expression of CD25 in cultures from malaria protected persons as compared to malaria naive persons and subjects who became parasitemic. |
| 1495 | 9341744 | Hence, these observations suggest that the induction of memory CD4+ T cell subset distinguished by the expression of CD45RO and CD25 and production of IL-4 coincides with protective immune responses generated by immunization with attenuated SPZ. |
| 1496 | 9341744 | Detection of CD4+CD45RO+ T lymphocytes producing IL-4 in response to antigens on Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytes: an in vitro correlate of protective immunity induced with attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. |
| 1497 | 9341744 | We have previously reported that although considered stage specific based on antibody and CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocyte responses directed against preerythrocytic stage antigens, in particular, the circumsporozoite protein and sporozoite surface protein 2, protective immunity induced in humans by attenuated Plasmodium falciparum SPZ may also involve CD4+ T cell responding to antigens present on parasitized red blood cells (pRBC). |
| 1498 | 9341744 | In contrast, we noted an increase in the IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells that also exhibited the memory phenotype, CD45RO, and an upregulated expression of CD25 in cultures from malaria protected persons as compared to malaria naive persons and subjects who became parasitemic. |
| 1499 | 9341744 | Hence, these observations suggest that the induction of memory CD4+ T cell subset distinguished by the expression of CD45RO and CD25 and production of IL-4 coincides with protective immune responses generated by immunization with attenuated SPZ. |
| 1500 | 9341744 | Detection of CD4+CD45RO+ T lymphocytes producing IL-4 in response to antigens on Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytes: an in vitro correlate of protective immunity induced with attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. |
| 1501 | 9341744 | We have previously reported that although considered stage specific based on antibody and CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocyte responses directed against preerythrocytic stage antigens, in particular, the circumsporozoite protein and sporozoite surface protein 2, protective immunity induced in humans by attenuated Plasmodium falciparum SPZ may also involve CD4+ T cell responding to antigens present on parasitized red blood cells (pRBC). |
| 1502 | 9341744 | In contrast, we noted an increase in the IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells that also exhibited the memory phenotype, CD45RO, and an upregulated expression of CD25 in cultures from malaria protected persons as compared to malaria naive persons and subjects who became parasitemic. |
| 1503 | 9341744 | Hence, these observations suggest that the induction of memory CD4+ T cell subset distinguished by the expression of CD45RO and CD25 and production of IL-4 coincides with protective immune responses generated by immunization with attenuated SPZ. |
| 1504 | 9341783 | Therefore, we analyzed the C26 murine colon carcinoma genetically modified to release interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-12, granulocyte colony-stimulating-factor (CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF for immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody NDLC145 recognizing the DEC205 determinant which, on tumor sections, is virtually restricted to DC. |
| 1505 | 9341783 | Infiltrating leukocytes were also characterized for expression of co-stimulatory molecules like CD54, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II. |
| 1506 | 9341783 | The intratumoral DC content was dependent on the type of transduced cytokines with C26/IL-4 being the most abundant in DEC205+ cells. |
| 1507 | 9341783 | In comparison with C26/GM-CSF, C26/IL-4 had more B7.2+ cells but less Ia+ cells. |
| 1508 | 9341783 | Furthermore, the hypertrophic skin overlaying tumors producing GM-CSF showed numerous Langerhans cells stained by NDLC145 and the draining lymph nodes showed abundance and paucity of DC in C26/GM-CSF and C26/IL-4, respectively. |
| 1509 | 9341783 | When injected into the ear pinna, C26/GM-CSF stimulated, whereas C26/IL-4 inhibited DC-mediated priming of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction by 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene. |
| 1510 | 9341783 | Therefore, we analyzed the C26 murine colon carcinoma genetically modified to release interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-12, granulocyte colony-stimulating-factor (CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF for immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody NDLC145 recognizing the DEC205 determinant which, on tumor sections, is virtually restricted to DC. |
| 1511 | 9341783 | Infiltrating leukocytes were also characterized for expression of co-stimulatory molecules like CD54, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II. |
| 1512 | 9341783 | The intratumoral DC content was dependent on the type of transduced cytokines with C26/IL-4 being the most abundant in DEC205+ cells. |
| 1513 | 9341783 | In comparison with C26/GM-CSF, C26/IL-4 had more B7.2+ cells but less Ia+ cells. |
| 1514 | 9341783 | Furthermore, the hypertrophic skin overlaying tumors producing GM-CSF showed numerous Langerhans cells stained by NDLC145 and the draining lymph nodes showed abundance and paucity of DC in C26/GM-CSF and C26/IL-4, respectively. |
| 1515 | 9341783 | When injected into the ear pinna, C26/GM-CSF stimulated, whereas C26/IL-4 inhibited DC-mediated priming of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction by 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene. |
| 1516 | 9341783 | Therefore, we analyzed the C26 murine colon carcinoma genetically modified to release interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-12, granulocyte colony-stimulating-factor (CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF for immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody NDLC145 recognizing the DEC205 determinant which, on tumor sections, is virtually restricted to DC. |
| 1517 | 9341783 | Infiltrating leukocytes were also characterized for expression of co-stimulatory molecules like CD54, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II. |
| 1518 | 9341783 | The intratumoral DC content was dependent on the type of transduced cytokines with C26/IL-4 being the most abundant in DEC205+ cells. |
| 1519 | 9341783 | In comparison with C26/GM-CSF, C26/IL-4 had more B7.2+ cells but less Ia+ cells. |
| 1520 | 9341783 | Furthermore, the hypertrophic skin overlaying tumors producing GM-CSF showed numerous Langerhans cells stained by NDLC145 and the draining lymph nodes showed abundance and paucity of DC in C26/GM-CSF and C26/IL-4, respectively. |
| 1521 | 9341783 | When injected into the ear pinna, C26/GM-CSF stimulated, whereas C26/IL-4 inhibited DC-mediated priming of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction by 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene. |
| 1522 | 9341783 | Therefore, we analyzed the C26 murine colon carcinoma genetically modified to release interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-12, granulocyte colony-stimulating-factor (CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF for immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody NDLC145 recognizing the DEC205 determinant which, on tumor sections, is virtually restricted to DC. |
| 1523 | 9341783 | Infiltrating leukocytes were also characterized for expression of co-stimulatory molecules like CD54, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II. |
| 1524 | 9341783 | The intratumoral DC content was dependent on the type of transduced cytokines with C26/IL-4 being the most abundant in DEC205+ cells. |
| 1525 | 9341783 | In comparison with C26/GM-CSF, C26/IL-4 had more B7.2+ cells but less Ia+ cells. |
| 1526 | 9341783 | Furthermore, the hypertrophic skin overlaying tumors producing GM-CSF showed numerous Langerhans cells stained by NDLC145 and the draining lymph nodes showed abundance and paucity of DC in C26/GM-CSF and C26/IL-4, respectively. |
| 1527 | 9341783 | When injected into the ear pinna, C26/GM-CSF stimulated, whereas C26/IL-4 inhibited DC-mediated priming of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction by 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene. |
| 1528 | 9341783 | Therefore, we analyzed the C26 murine colon carcinoma genetically modified to release interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-12, granulocyte colony-stimulating-factor (CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF for immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody NDLC145 recognizing the DEC205 determinant which, on tumor sections, is virtually restricted to DC. |
| 1529 | 9341783 | Infiltrating leukocytes were also characterized for expression of co-stimulatory molecules like CD54, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II. |
| 1530 | 9341783 | The intratumoral DC content was dependent on the type of transduced cytokines with C26/IL-4 being the most abundant in DEC205+ cells. |
| 1531 | 9341783 | In comparison with C26/GM-CSF, C26/IL-4 had more B7.2+ cells but less Ia+ cells. |
| 1532 | 9341783 | Furthermore, the hypertrophic skin overlaying tumors producing GM-CSF showed numerous Langerhans cells stained by NDLC145 and the draining lymph nodes showed abundance and paucity of DC in C26/GM-CSF and C26/IL-4, respectively. |
| 1533 | 9341783 | When injected into the ear pinna, C26/GM-CSF stimulated, whereas C26/IL-4 inhibited DC-mediated priming of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction by 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene. |
| 1534 | 9352001 | Eight overlapping peptides were synthesised and assayed for their ability to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from P. falciparum-immune donors to proliferate and to induce secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and/or interleukin 4 (IL-4) using the ELISPOT assay. |
| 1535 | 9352001 | The most frequent T-cell responses (proliferation, IFN-gamma and/or IL-4) were seen with two partially overlapping peptides corresponding to the sequences 171-185 and 181-195 that induced responses in 71 and 62% of the donors, respectively. |
| 1536 | 9352001 | Eight overlapping peptides were synthesised and assayed for their ability to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from P. falciparum-immune donors to proliferate and to induce secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and/or interleukin 4 (IL-4) using the ELISPOT assay. |
| 1537 | 9352001 | The most frequent T-cell responses (proliferation, IFN-gamma and/or IL-4) were seen with two partially overlapping peptides corresponding to the sequences 171-185 and 181-195 that induced responses in 71 and 62% of the donors, respectively. |
| 1538 | 9362318 | Coimmunization with CT rescued SHR CD4+ T cells from suppression and supported DT- or B subunit of CT-specific proliferative responses, and these cells produced more interleukin-4 (IL-4) than IFN-gamma, and anti-IFN-gamma antibody treatment enhanced IL-4 production. |
| 1539 | 9362318 | Exogenous IL-4 increased the proliferation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, whereas IFN-gamma was inhibitory. |
| 1540 | 9362318 | Coimmunization with CT rescued SHR CD4+ T cells from suppression and supported DT- or B subunit of CT-specific proliferative responses, and these cells produced more interleukin-4 (IL-4) than IFN-gamma, and anti-IFN-gamma antibody treatment enhanced IL-4 production. |
| 1541 | 9362318 | Exogenous IL-4 increased the proliferation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, whereas IFN-gamma was inhibitory. |
| 1542 | 9364554 | The prevalence of lymphoproliferative response to RESA was 13%, IFN-gamma prevalence was 40% and IL-4 prevalence was 22%. |
| 1543 | 9364679 | Effect of IL-4 and IL-12 liposomal formulations on the induction of immune response to bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoprotein D. |
| 1544 | 9364679 | The authors examined, therefore, the immune responses elicited by systemic immunisation of mice with liposome formulations containing a truncated form of bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoprotein D (tgD) together with IL-4 or IL-12. |
| 1545 | 9364679 | Subcutaneous immunisation with liposomes containing tgD and IL-12 significantly enhanced the induction of antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 1546 | 9364679 | Effect of IL-4 and IL-12 liposomal formulations on the induction of immune response to bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoprotein D. |
| 1547 | 9364679 | The authors examined, therefore, the immune responses elicited by systemic immunisation of mice with liposome formulations containing a truncated form of bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoprotein D (tgD) together with IL-4 or IL-12. |
| 1548 | 9364679 | Subcutaneous immunisation with liposomes containing tgD and IL-12 significantly enhanced the induction of antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 1549 | 9364701 | To test this concept, expression vectors were constructed containing the ovalbumin (OVA) gene either alone, or linked to cytokine genes including GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, or a sequence encoding nine amino acids of IL-1 beta. |
| 1550 | 9364701 | However, lymphocytes from BALB/c mice vaccinated with OVA-IL-12 and OVA-IL-1 beta constructs produced more IFN-gamma and less IL-4 during in vitro restimulation assays than did other groups. |
| 1551 | 9364701 | To test this concept, expression vectors were constructed containing the ovalbumin (OVA) gene either alone, or linked to cytokine genes including GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, or a sequence encoding nine amino acids of IL-1 beta. |
| 1552 | 9364701 | However, lymphocytes from BALB/c mice vaccinated with OVA-IL-12 and OVA-IL-1 beta constructs produced more IFN-gamma and less IL-4 during in vitro restimulation assays than did other groups. |
| 1553 | 9368645 | For 7 days, a T cell-depleted population of mononuclear cells was cultured in 1% human plasma with GM-CSF and IL-4, both to initiate DC differentiation and to inhibit macrophage development. |
| 1554 | 9382750 | Supernatants from Concanavalin A stimulated spleen cells from C3H/HeN mice contained three times higher IFN-gamma concentration but only half as high interleukin-4 concentration than those of Balb/c mice. |
| 1555 | 9384286 | Cellular activation induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and heat shock proteins (HSP) leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6. |
| 1556 | 9384286 | In this study, we found that IL-4 significantly suppressed IL-1beta secretion induced by BCG and the 70- and 65-kDa HSP. |
| 1557 | 9384286 | When exogenous recombinant human IL-4 was added to human mononuclear cells, a dose- and time-related inhibition of the 70-kDa HSP- and BCG-induced IL-1beta secretion was observed. |
| 1558 | 9384286 | In addition, IL-2, another T-cell-derived cytokine acting on monocytes, had no effect on IL-1beta secretion induced by either BCG or the 70-kDa HSP, indicating that in these experiments not all cytokines could immunoregulate IL-1beta secretion. |
| 1559 | 9384286 | IL-4 was also able to inhibit the secretion of IL-1beta by mycobacterium-stimulated cells from three rheumatoid arthritis patients. |
| 1560 | 9384286 | Finally, IL-4 inhibited IL-6 secretion by mycobacterium-activated human cells. |
| 1561 | 9384286 | Cellular activation induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and heat shock proteins (HSP) leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6. |
| 1562 | 9384286 | In this study, we found that IL-4 significantly suppressed IL-1beta secretion induced by BCG and the 70- and 65-kDa HSP. |
| 1563 | 9384286 | When exogenous recombinant human IL-4 was added to human mononuclear cells, a dose- and time-related inhibition of the 70-kDa HSP- and BCG-induced IL-1beta secretion was observed. |
| 1564 | 9384286 | In addition, IL-2, another T-cell-derived cytokine acting on monocytes, had no effect on IL-1beta secretion induced by either BCG or the 70-kDa HSP, indicating that in these experiments not all cytokines could immunoregulate IL-1beta secretion. |
| 1565 | 9384286 | IL-4 was also able to inhibit the secretion of IL-1beta by mycobacterium-stimulated cells from three rheumatoid arthritis patients. |
| 1566 | 9384286 | Finally, IL-4 inhibited IL-6 secretion by mycobacterium-activated human cells. |
| 1567 | 9384286 | Cellular activation induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and heat shock proteins (HSP) leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6. |
| 1568 | 9384286 | In this study, we found that IL-4 significantly suppressed IL-1beta secretion induced by BCG and the 70- and 65-kDa HSP. |
| 1569 | 9384286 | When exogenous recombinant human IL-4 was added to human mononuclear cells, a dose- and time-related inhibition of the 70-kDa HSP- and BCG-induced IL-1beta secretion was observed. |
| 1570 | 9384286 | In addition, IL-2, another T-cell-derived cytokine acting on monocytes, had no effect on IL-1beta secretion induced by either BCG or the 70-kDa HSP, indicating that in these experiments not all cytokines could immunoregulate IL-1beta secretion. |
| 1571 | 9384286 | IL-4 was also able to inhibit the secretion of IL-1beta by mycobacterium-stimulated cells from three rheumatoid arthritis patients. |
| 1572 | 9384286 | Finally, IL-4 inhibited IL-6 secretion by mycobacterium-activated human cells. |
| 1573 | 9384286 | Cellular activation induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and heat shock proteins (HSP) leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6. |
| 1574 | 9384286 | In this study, we found that IL-4 significantly suppressed IL-1beta secretion induced by BCG and the 70- and 65-kDa HSP. |
| 1575 | 9384286 | When exogenous recombinant human IL-4 was added to human mononuclear cells, a dose- and time-related inhibition of the 70-kDa HSP- and BCG-induced IL-1beta secretion was observed. |
| 1576 | 9384286 | In addition, IL-2, another T-cell-derived cytokine acting on monocytes, had no effect on IL-1beta secretion induced by either BCG or the 70-kDa HSP, indicating that in these experiments not all cytokines could immunoregulate IL-1beta secretion. |
| 1577 | 9384286 | IL-4 was also able to inhibit the secretion of IL-1beta by mycobacterium-stimulated cells from three rheumatoid arthritis patients. |
| 1578 | 9384286 | Finally, IL-4 inhibited IL-6 secretion by mycobacterium-activated human cells. |
| 1579 | 9389737 | Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects. |
| 1580 | 9389737 | HIV infection is characterized by the reduction of the CD4+, CD45RA+, CD26+, and CD28+ lymphocyte subsets and of the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma; on the contrary, chemokine production is usually increased. |
| 1581 | 9389737 | The aim of this study was to define the effects of rIL-2 administration on CD4+, CD45RA+, CD45R0+, and CD26+ lymphocytes and on the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, RANTES, and sCD30 in HIV+ patients. 10 HIV+ patients with CD4 cell counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm3 were treated with six cycles of subcutaneous recombinant IL-2 administration, in combination with zidovudine and didanosine. |
| 1582 | 9389737 | At this time, the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, and sCD30 were significantly upregulated. |
| 1583 | 9389737 | This expanded cell population recovered the ability to produce in vitro IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. |
| 1584 | 9389737 | Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects. |
| 1585 | 9389737 | HIV infection is characterized by the reduction of the CD4+, CD45RA+, CD26+, and CD28+ lymphocyte subsets and of the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma; on the contrary, chemokine production is usually increased. |
| 1586 | 9389737 | The aim of this study was to define the effects of rIL-2 administration on CD4+, CD45RA+, CD45R0+, and CD26+ lymphocytes and on the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, RANTES, and sCD30 in HIV+ patients. 10 HIV+ patients with CD4 cell counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm3 were treated with six cycles of subcutaneous recombinant IL-2 administration, in combination with zidovudine and didanosine. |
| 1587 | 9389737 | At this time, the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, and sCD30 were significantly upregulated. |
| 1588 | 9389737 | This expanded cell population recovered the ability to produce in vitro IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. |
| 1589 | 9389737 | Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects. |
| 1590 | 9389737 | HIV infection is characterized by the reduction of the CD4+, CD45RA+, CD26+, and CD28+ lymphocyte subsets and of the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma; on the contrary, chemokine production is usually increased. |
| 1591 | 9389737 | The aim of this study was to define the effects of rIL-2 administration on CD4+, CD45RA+, CD45R0+, and CD26+ lymphocytes and on the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, RANTES, and sCD30 in HIV+ patients. 10 HIV+ patients with CD4 cell counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm3 were treated with six cycles of subcutaneous recombinant IL-2 administration, in combination with zidovudine and didanosine. |
| 1592 | 9389737 | At this time, the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, and sCD30 were significantly upregulated. |
| 1593 | 9389737 | This expanded cell population recovered the ability to produce in vitro IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. |
| 1594 | 9389737 | Effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on CD4 subsets and in vitro cytokine production in HIV+ subjects. |
| 1595 | 9389737 | HIV infection is characterized by the reduction of the CD4+, CD45RA+, CD26+, and CD28+ lymphocyte subsets and of the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma; on the contrary, chemokine production is usually increased. |
| 1596 | 9389737 | The aim of this study was to define the effects of rIL-2 administration on CD4+, CD45RA+, CD45R0+, and CD26+ lymphocytes and on the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, RANTES, and sCD30 in HIV+ patients. 10 HIV+ patients with CD4 cell counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm3 were treated with six cycles of subcutaneous recombinant IL-2 administration, in combination with zidovudine and didanosine. |
| 1597 | 9389737 | At this time, the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, and sCD30 were significantly upregulated. |
| 1598 | 9389737 | This expanded cell population recovered the ability to produce in vitro IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. |
| 1599 | 9393799 | Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production driven by LSA1 peptides ranged from 34 to more than 3,500 pg/2 x 10(6) cells, was derived primarily from CD8+ cells, and was dissociated from T-cell proliferation. |
| 1600 | 9393799 | In contrast to proliferation and IFN-gamma, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and/or IL-5 responses to LSA1 peptides were detected in only 18% of the subjects. |
| 1601 | 9393799 | The dominance of type 1 CD8 cell IFN-gamma responses is consistent with a role for this T-cell population in immunity to liver-stage Plasmodium falciparum in humans. |
| 1602 | 9394185 | CD4+ and CD8+ T1 cells, through the agency of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, direct the response towards cell-mediated immunity involving cytotoxicity and macrophage activation, whereas T2 cells, through the agency of IL-4 and IL-10, direct the response towards antibody production. |
| 1603 | 9394185 | The two poles are counter-regulatory in that IFN-gamma inhibits antibody formation and IL-4 and IL-10 inhibit macrophage activation. |
| 1604 | 9394185 | However, immune responses are not immutable and can be artificially driven towards one or other pole, for example IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 favour T1 responses, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 favour the T2 type. |
| 1605 | 9394185 | For example, in experimental leishmaniasis, protective immune responses can be induced by the incorporation of genes for IL-2 and IFN-gamma into recombinant Salmonella typhimurium vectors and nucleic acid vaccines. |
| 1606 | 9394185 | CD4+ and CD8+ T1 cells, through the agency of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, direct the response towards cell-mediated immunity involving cytotoxicity and macrophage activation, whereas T2 cells, through the agency of IL-4 and IL-10, direct the response towards antibody production. |
| 1607 | 9394185 | The two poles are counter-regulatory in that IFN-gamma inhibits antibody formation and IL-4 and IL-10 inhibit macrophage activation. |
| 1608 | 9394185 | However, immune responses are not immutable and can be artificially driven towards one or other pole, for example IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 favour T1 responses, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 favour the T2 type. |
| 1609 | 9394185 | For example, in experimental leishmaniasis, protective immune responses can be induced by the incorporation of genes for IL-2 and IFN-gamma into recombinant Salmonella typhimurium vectors and nucleic acid vaccines. |
| 1610 | 9394185 | CD4+ and CD8+ T1 cells, through the agency of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, direct the response towards cell-mediated immunity involving cytotoxicity and macrophage activation, whereas T2 cells, through the agency of IL-4 and IL-10, direct the response towards antibody production. |
| 1611 | 9394185 | The two poles are counter-regulatory in that IFN-gamma inhibits antibody formation and IL-4 and IL-10 inhibit macrophage activation. |
| 1612 | 9394185 | However, immune responses are not immutable and can be artificially driven towards one or other pole, for example IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 favour T1 responses, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 favour the T2 type. |
| 1613 | 9394185 | For example, in experimental leishmaniasis, protective immune responses can be induced by the incorporation of genes for IL-2 and IFN-gamma into recombinant Salmonella typhimurium vectors and nucleic acid vaccines. |
| 1614 | 9398398 | IL-12 and IL-10 were selectively or preferentially expressed by the regressor mice, and this correlated with the detection of functional type 1 reactivity in vivo (i.e., delayed-type hypersensitivity). |
| 1615 | 9398398 | Other cytokines were produced by the regressor mice only in vitro (IFN-gamma) or were not detected at all with either type of tumor recipient (IL-4). |
| 1616 | 9399949 | We used an animal model, experimental myasthenia gravis induced in C57Bl/6 mice by immunization with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (TAChR), to demonstrate that nasal administration of synthetic sequences of the TAChR alpha-subunit- forming epitopes recognized by anti-TAChR CD4+ T helper cells (residues alpha150-169, alpha181-200, and alpha360-378), given before and during immunization with TAChR, causes decreased CD4+ responsiveness to those epitopes and to TAChR, reduced synthesis of anti-TAChR Ab, and prevented experimental myasthenia gravis. |
| 1617 | 9399949 | Secretion of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 by spleen T cells from TAChR immunized mice, in response to challenge with TAChR in vitro, indicated that in sham-tolerized mice only Th1 cells responded to TAChR, while peptide-treated mice had also an AChR-specific Th2 response. |
| 1618 | 9400611 | Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: CD8+ and CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes to epitopes on Sin Nombre virus nucleocapsid protein isolated during acute illness. |
| 1619 | 9400611 | We isolated a CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone directly from the blood of a patient with the acute hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) which recognizes a SNV specific epitope on the virus nucleocapsid protein (aa 234-242) that is restricted by HLA C7 and produces IFN gamma but not IL-4. |
| 1620 | 9400611 | We identified a second CD8+ CTL epitope located within another site aa 131-139 on the nucleocapsid protein, which is HLA B35 restricted, and a CD4+ CTL epitope located on a third site on nucleocapsid protein aa 372-380 using lymphocytes obtained during HPS from another patient that were stimulated in vitro. |
| 1621 | 9400611 | Hantavirus specific CD8+ and CD4+ CTL may contribute to the immunopathology and capillary leak syndrome observed in the HPS. |
| 1622 | 9414288 | Gene immunotherapy in murine acute myeloid leukemia: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor tumor cell vaccines elicit more potent antitumor immunity compared with B7 family and other cytokine vaccines. |
| 1623 | 9414288 | In this report, we question whether CD86 (B7.2) or the cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) can improve the vaccination potential of AML cells. |
| 1624 | 9414288 | Our studies show that (1) mice vaccinated with a leukemogenic number of AML cells engineered to express B7.2 (B7.2-AML) or to secrete GM-CSF, IL-4, or TNF-alpha (GM-, IL-4-, TNF-alpha-AML) do not develop leukemia; (2) GM-AML cells are tumorigenic in sublethally irradiated SJL/J mice but not in Swiss nu/nu mice, indicating that killing of tumor cells is not T-cell-dependent; (3) vaccines with irradiated GM-AML, but not B7.2-, IL-4-, or TNF-alpha-AML cells, can elicit leukemia-specific protective and therapeutic immunity; and (4) in head-to-head comparison experiments, vaccination with irradiated GM-AML is more potent than B7.1-AML, curing 80% and providing 20% prolonged survival of the leukemic mice at week 2, as opposed to cures only up to 1 week with B7.1-AML vaccines. |
| 1625 | 9414288 | Gene immunotherapy in murine acute myeloid leukemia: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor tumor cell vaccines elicit more potent antitumor immunity compared with B7 family and other cytokine vaccines. |
| 1626 | 9414288 | In this report, we question whether CD86 (B7.2) or the cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) can improve the vaccination potential of AML cells. |
| 1627 | 9414288 | Our studies show that (1) mice vaccinated with a leukemogenic number of AML cells engineered to express B7.2 (B7.2-AML) or to secrete GM-CSF, IL-4, or TNF-alpha (GM-, IL-4-, TNF-alpha-AML) do not develop leukemia; (2) GM-AML cells are tumorigenic in sublethally irradiated SJL/J mice but not in Swiss nu/nu mice, indicating that killing of tumor cells is not T-cell-dependent; (3) vaccines with irradiated GM-AML, but not B7.2-, IL-4-, or TNF-alpha-AML cells, can elicit leukemia-specific protective and therapeutic immunity; and (4) in head-to-head comparison experiments, vaccination with irradiated GM-AML is more potent than B7.1-AML, curing 80% and providing 20% prolonged survival of the leukemic mice at week 2, as opposed to cures only up to 1 week with B7.1-AML vaccines. |
| 1628 | 9419445 | Immunization of BALB/c mice with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) generated in the presence of GM-CSF/IL-4 and prepulsed with the H-2Kd-binding wild-type p53(232-240) peptide has been shown to induce anti-peptide CTL. |
| 1629 | 9423854 | During infection or after immunization, CD4+/CD8- and CD8+/CD4- hsp65-reactive T cells increased equally in spleens. |
| 1630 | 9423854 | During infection, the majority of these cells were weakly CD44 positive (CD44(lo)) and produced interleukin 4 (IL-4) whereas after immunization the majority were highly CD44 positive (CD44(hi)) and produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). |
| 1631 | 9423854 | When the cells were separated into CD4+/CD8- and CD8+/CD4- types and then into CD44(hi) and CD44(lo) types, CD44(lo) cells were essentially unable to transfer protection, the most protective CD44(hi) cells were CD8+/CD4-, and those from immunized mice were much more protective than those from infected mice. |
| 1632 | 9423854 | Thus, whereas the CD44(lo) IL-4-producing phenotype prevailed during infection, protection was associated with the CD8+/CD44(hi) IFN-gamma-producing phenotype that predominated after immunization. |
| 1633 | 9423854 | During infection or after immunization, CD4+/CD8- and CD8+/CD4- hsp65-reactive T cells increased equally in spleens. |
| 1634 | 9423854 | During infection, the majority of these cells were weakly CD44 positive (CD44(lo)) and produced interleukin 4 (IL-4) whereas after immunization the majority were highly CD44 positive (CD44(hi)) and produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). |
| 1635 | 9423854 | When the cells were separated into CD4+/CD8- and CD8+/CD4- types and then into CD44(hi) and CD44(lo) types, CD44(lo) cells were essentially unable to transfer protection, the most protective CD44(hi) cells were CD8+/CD4-, and those from immunized mice were much more protective than those from infected mice. |
| 1636 | 9423854 | Thus, whereas the CD44(lo) IL-4-producing phenotype prevailed during infection, protection was associated with the CD8+/CD44(hi) IFN-gamma-producing phenotype that predominated after immunization. |
| 1637 | 9424847 | NS1 protein expressed by adenovirus increased the level of the key interleukins (IL) interferon, tumor necrosis factor, IL-1 beta, IL-2, and, probably, IL-4. |
| 1638 | 9449711 | Endogenous interleukin 4 is required for development of protective CD4+ T helper type 1 cell responses to Candida albicans. |
| 1639 | 9449711 | In the early stage of systemic infection with virulent C. albicans, an unopposed interferon (IFN)-gamma response renders IL-4-deficient mice more resistant than wild-type mice to infection. |
| 1640 | 9449711 | Defective IFN-gamma and IL-12 production, but not IL-12 responsiveness, was observed in IL-4-deficient mice that failed to mount protective T helper type 1 cell (Th1)-mediated acquired immunity in response to a live vaccine strain of the yeast or upon mucosal immunization in vivo. |
| 1641 | 9449711 | In vitro, IL-4 primed neutrophils for cytokine release, including IL-12. |
| 1642 | 9449711 | However, late treatment with exogenous IL-4, while improving the outcome of infection, potentiated CD4(+) Th1 responses even in the absence of neutrophils. |
| 1643 | 9449711 | These findings indicate that endogenous IL-4 is required for the induction of CD4(+) Th1 protective antifungal responses, possibly through the combined activity on cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. |
| 1644 | 9449711 | Endogenous interleukin 4 is required for development of protective CD4+ T helper type 1 cell responses to Candida albicans. |
| 1645 | 9449711 | In the early stage of systemic infection with virulent C. albicans, an unopposed interferon (IFN)-gamma response renders IL-4-deficient mice more resistant than wild-type mice to infection. |
| 1646 | 9449711 | Defective IFN-gamma and IL-12 production, but not IL-12 responsiveness, was observed in IL-4-deficient mice that failed to mount protective T helper type 1 cell (Th1)-mediated acquired immunity in response to a live vaccine strain of the yeast or upon mucosal immunization in vivo. |
| 1647 | 9449711 | In vitro, IL-4 primed neutrophils for cytokine release, including IL-12. |
| 1648 | 9449711 | However, late treatment with exogenous IL-4, while improving the outcome of infection, potentiated CD4(+) Th1 responses even in the absence of neutrophils. |
| 1649 | 9449711 | These findings indicate that endogenous IL-4 is required for the induction of CD4(+) Th1 protective antifungal responses, possibly through the combined activity on cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. |
| 1650 | 9449711 | Endogenous interleukin 4 is required for development of protective CD4+ T helper type 1 cell responses to Candida albicans. |
| 1651 | 9449711 | In the early stage of systemic infection with virulent C. albicans, an unopposed interferon (IFN)-gamma response renders IL-4-deficient mice more resistant than wild-type mice to infection. |
| 1652 | 9449711 | Defective IFN-gamma and IL-12 production, but not IL-12 responsiveness, was observed in IL-4-deficient mice that failed to mount protective T helper type 1 cell (Th1)-mediated acquired immunity in response to a live vaccine strain of the yeast or upon mucosal immunization in vivo. |
| 1653 | 9449711 | In vitro, IL-4 primed neutrophils for cytokine release, including IL-12. |
| 1654 | 9449711 | However, late treatment with exogenous IL-4, while improving the outcome of infection, potentiated CD4(+) Th1 responses even in the absence of neutrophils. |
| 1655 | 9449711 | These findings indicate that endogenous IL-4 is required for the induction of CD4(+) Th1 protective antifungal responses, possibly through the combined activity on cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. |
| 1656 | 9449711 | Endogenous interleukin 4 is required for development of protective CD4+ T helper type 1 cell responses to Candida albicans. |
| 1657 | 9449711 | In the early stage of systemic infection with virulent C. albicans, an unopposed interferon (IFN)-gamma response renders IL-4-deficient mice more resistant than wild-type mice to infection. |
| 1658 | 9449711 | Defective IFN-gamma and IL-12 production, but not IL-12 responsiveness, was observed in IL-4-deficient mice that failed to mount protective T helper type 1 cell (Th1)-mediated acquired immunity in response to a live vaccine strain of the yeast or upon mucosal immunization in vivo. |
| 1659 | 9449711 | In vitro, IL-4 primed neutrophils for cytokine release, including IL-12. |
| 1660 | 9449711 | However, late treatment with exogenous IL-4, while improving the outcome of infection, potentiated CD4(+) Th1 responses even in the absence of neutrophils. |
| 1661 | 9449711 | These findings indicate that endogenous IL-4 is required for the induction of CD4(+) Th1 protective antifungal responses, possibly through the combined activity on cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. |
| 1662 | 9449711 | Endogenous interleukin 4 is required for development of protective CD4+ T helper type 1 cell responses to Candida albicans. |
| 1663 | 9449711 | In the early stage of systemic infection with virulent C. albicans, an unopposed interferon (IFN)-gamma response renders IL-4-deficient mice more resistant than wild-type mice to infection. |
| 1664 | 9449711 | Defective IFN-gamma and IL-12 production, but not IL-12 responsiveness, was observed in IL-4-deficient mice that failed to mount protective T helper type 1 cell (Th1)-mediated acquired immunity in response to a live vaccine strain of the yeast or upon mucosal immunization in vivo. |
| 1665 | 9449711 | In vitro, IL-4 primed neutrophils for cytokine release, including IL-12. |
| 1666 | 9449711 | However, late treatment with exogenous IL-4, while improving the outcome of infection, potentiated CD4(+) Th1 responses even in the absence of neutrophils. |
| 1667 | 9449711 | These findings indicate that endogenous IL-4 is required for the induction of CD4(+) Th1 protective antifungal responses, possibly through the combined activity on cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. |
| 1668 | 9449711 | Endogenous interleukin 4 is required for development of protective CD4+ T helper type 1 cell responses to Candida albicans. |
| 1669 | 9449711 | In the early stage of systemic infection with virulent C. albicans, an unopposed interferon (IFN)-gamma response renders IL-4-deficient mice more resistant than wild-type mice to infection. |
| 1670 | 9449711 | Defective IFN-gamma and IL-12 production, but not IL-12 responsiveness, was observed in IL-4-deficient mice that failed to mount protective T helper type 1 cell (Th1)-mediated acquired immunity in response to a live vaccine strain of the yeast or upon mucosal immunization in vivo. |
| 1671 | 9449711 | In vitro, IL-4 primed neutrophils for cytokine release, including IL-12. |
| 1672 | 9449711 | However, late treatment with exogenous IL-4, while improving the outcome of infection, potentiated CD4(+) Th1 responses even in the absence of neutrophils. |
| 1673 | 9449711 | These findings indicate that endogenous IL-4 is required for the induction of CD4(+) Th1 protective antifungal responses, possibly through the combined activity on cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. |
| 1674 | 9453614 | Using this model together with mice with targeted disruptions of the gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) receptor, interleukin-4 or immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes, we have demonstrated an absolute requirement for B cells or their products in bacterial clearance and a role for IFN-gamma in immunity generated by previous infection or immunization with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine. |
| 1675 | 9469425 | Splenic T cells isolated from BALB/c mice that had been mucosally tolerized by oral administration of 25 mg of OVA revealed selective increases in IFN-gamma production with impaired levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. |
| 1676 | 9469425 | In addition, OVA-specific T cells from IFN-gamma-/- mice produced Th2-type cytokines (e.g., IL-4), which provided help for systemic OVA-specific serum IgG1 and IgG2b Ab responses. |
| 1677 | 9469425 | Splenic T cells isolated from BALB/c mice that had been mucosally tolerized by oral administration of 25 mg of OVA revealed selective increases in IFN-gamma production with impaired levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. |
| 1678 | 9469425 | In addition, OVA-specific T cells from IFN-gamma-/- mice produced Th2-type cytokines (e.g., IL-4), which provided help for systemic OVA-specific serum IgG1 and IgG2b Ab responses. |
| 1679 | 9472658 | The cytokine secretion profile of restimulated immune lymphoid cells showed that UBX raised IL-2 and interferon-gamma levels and decreased IL-4 production. |
| 1680 | 9472685 | Inverse modulation of IL-10 and IL-12 in the blood of women with preneoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix. |
| 1681 | 9472685 | The levels of type-1 (interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-12) and type-2(IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines were measured in whole blood culture supernatants of patients with low- and high-grade SIL and control women. |
| 1682 | 9472685 | There was no difference in IL-4 and IFN-gamma levels between patients with SIL and the control group. |
| 1683 | 9472685 | In contrast, the ratio of IL-12/IL-10 levels was significantly lower in patients with SIL compared with the control group. |
| 1684 | 9472685 | A lower IL-12/IL-10 ratio in women with SIL was also observed when peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatants and plasma samples were analysed. |
| 1685 | 9472685 | These results suggest that a part of the cytokine network, namely IL-10 and IL-12, is perturbed in patients with SIL. |
| 1686 | 9472685 | Inverse modulation of IL-10 and IL-12 in the blood of women with preneoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix. |
| 1687 | 9472685 | The levels of type-1 (interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-12) and type-2(IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines were measured in whole blood culture supernatants of patients with low- and high-grade SIL and control women. |
| 1688 | 9472685 | There was no difference in IL-4 and IFN-gamma levels between patients with SIL and the control group. |
| 1689 | 9472685 | In contrast, the ratio of IL-12/IL-10 levels was significantly lower in patients with SIL compared with the control group. |
| 1690 | 9472685 | A lower IL-12/IL-10 ratio in women with SIL was also observed when peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatants and plasma samples were analysed. |
| 1691 | 9472685 | These results suggest that a part of the cytokine network, namely IL-10 and IL-12, is perturbed in patients with SIL. |
| 1692 | 9485028 | The Her-2/neu oncogene encodes a Mr 185,000 transmembrane protein with homology to the epidermal growth factor receptor. |
| 1693 | 9485028 | CTLs induced with DCs generated in the presence of TNF-alpha elicited a higher cytotoxic activity when they were stimulated with the cognate peptide than did CTLs induced with DCs grown in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 4 alone. |
| 1694 | 9485028 | Furthermore, these CTLs lysed, in a MHC- and antigen-restricted fashion, not only breast cancer cells but also colon carcinoma and RCC cell lines expressing Her-2/neu. |
| 1695 | 9486388 | Antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) could be detected in primary stimulation, but IL-4 was observed only after antigenic expansion and restimulation. |
| 1696 | 9486388 | In both of these studies the responses after initial immunizations were dominated by IFN-gamma, with IL-4 appearing only after multiple rounds of immunization, and IL-4 was temporally related to antibody production. |
| 1697 | 9486388 | Concomitant with the IL-4 production, the amount of supernatant IFN-gamma declined. |
| 1698 | 9486388 | Antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) could be detected in primary stimulation, but IL-4 was observed only after antigenic expansion and restimulation. |
| 1699 | 9486388 | In both of these studies the responses after initial immunizations were dominated by IFN-gamma, with IL-4 appearing only after multiple rounds of immunization, and IL-4 was temporally related to antibody production. |
| 1700 | 9486388 | Concomitant with the IL-4 production, the amount of supernatant IFN-gamma declined. |
| 1701 | 9486388 | Antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) could be detected in primary stimulation, but IL-4 was observed only after antigenic expansion and restimulation. |
| 1702 | 9486388 | In both of these studies the responses after initial immunizations were dominated by IFN-gamma, with IL-4 appearing only after multiple rounds of immunization, and IL-4 was temporally related to antibody production. |
| 1703 | 9486388 | Concomitant with the IL-4 production, the amount of supernatant IFN-gamma declined. |
| 1704 | 9498757 | Further, the inhibitory effect of mIEC was not restored by antibodies to TGF-beta, CD1d, E-cadherin, or MHC class I or II. |
| 1705 | 9498757 | This inhibitory effect was noted for both gammadelta and alphabeta T cell subsets from IELs, and mRNA levels were reduced for both Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-5) cytokines in gammadelta and alphabeta IELs. |
| 1706 | 9500607 | In the present clinical pilot study, DCs were generated in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) and were pulsed with tumor lysate or a cocktail of peptides known to be recognized by CTLs, depending on the patient's HLA haplotype. |
| 1707 | 9509186 | Cellular responses were assessed by proliferation and stimulation of cytokines representing the Th1 and Th2 cell subsets (interferon gamma [IFN gamma] and interleukin-4 [IL-4]. |
| 1708 | 9509186 | Among the responders, the highest response was obtained for IL-4 (19%) followed by IFN gamma (10%), and the least for proliferation (5%). |
| 1709 | 9509186 | Cellular responses were assessed by proliferation and stimulation of cytokines representing the Th1 and Th2 cell subsets (interferon gamma [IFN gamma] and interleukin-4 [IL-4]. |
| 1710 | 9509186 | Among the responders, the highest response was obtained for IL-4 (19%) followed by IFN gamma (10%), and the least for proliferation (5%). |
| 1711 | 9541605 | Recently we and others reported that specific immune responses generated by DNA vaccine could be modulated by co-delivery of gene expression cassettes encoding for IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. |
| 1712 | 9541605 | To further engineer the immune response in vivo, we investigated the induction and regulation of immune responses following the co-delivery of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta), Th1 cytokine (IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18), and Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) genes. |
| 1713 | 9541605 | We observed enhancement of antigen-specific humoral response with the co-delivery of Th2 cytokine genes IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 as well as those of IL-2 and IL-18. |
| 1714 | 9541605 | A dramatic increase in antigen-specific T helper cell proliferation was seen with IL-2 and TNF-alpha gene co-injections. |
| 1715 | 9541605 | In addition, we observed a significant enhancement of the cytotoxic response with the co-administration of TNF-alpha and IL-15 genes with HIV-1 DNA immunogens. |
| 1716 | 9541605 | Recently we and others reported that specific immune responses generated by DNA vaccine could be modulated by co-delivery of gene expression cassettes encoding for IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. |
| 1717 | 9541605 | To further engineer the immune response in vivo, we investigated the induction and regulation of immune responses following the co-delivery of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta), Th1 cytokine (IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18), and Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) genes. |
| 1718 | 9541605 | We observed enhancement of antigen-specific humoral response with the co-delivery of Th2 cytokine genes IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 as well as those of IL-2 and IL-18. |
| 1719 | 9541605 | A dramatic increase in antigen-specific T helper cell proliferation was seen with IL-2 and TNF-alpha gene co-injections. |
| 1720 | 9541605 | In addition, we observed a significant enhancement of the cytotoxic response with the co-administration of TNF-alpha and IL-15 genes with HIV-1 DNA immunogens. |
| 1721 | 9546800 | Immunoliposomes containing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the costimulatory molecules CD28 and CTLA4 and their counterreceptors B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) were evaluated for the ability to increase the immune response to recombinant envelope protein rgp120 of the MN strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) during vaccination. |
| 1722 | 9546800 | The DTH response was not accompanied by increased production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) or interleukin 4 (IL-4), implying that the primary cellular interaction was between the immunoliposomes and cells of the reticuloendothelial system and not helper T (Th) cells. |
| 1723 | 9550413 | Identification of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase family members as targets of protective CD8+ TC1 responses. |
| 1724 | 9550413 | Peptide-specific CD8+ T cell lines were cytotoxic, secreted IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, but low to undetectable levels of IL-4 and IL-5, and were able, upon adoptive transfer, to confer a high degree of protection against challenge infection. |
| 1725 | 9551367 | We have evaluated the abilities of a series of defined synthetic peptide epitopes derived from MART-1/Melan-A, gp100, tyrosinase, and MAGE-3 or unfractionated peptides naturally presented by melanoma MHC molecules to elicit HLA-A2-restricted and melanoma-reactive CTLs from the peripheral blood of normal donors or patients with metastatic melanoma. |
| 1726 | 9551367 | Autologous peripheral blood dendritic cells (DCs), which were easily generated from all donors when cultured in the presence of recombinant human interleukin-4 and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were pulsed with melanoma peptides and used to "prime" and/or "boost" CTL cultures in vitro. |
| 1727 | 9551367 | Our results suggest that antimelanoma CTLs may be reproducibly generated in short-term in vitro cultures in this manner using either a subset of the defined synthetic peptides (MART-1/Melan-A27-35, MART-1/Melan-A32-40, gp100(280-288), tyrosinase368-376, and MAGE-3(271-279)) or unfractionated peptides (containing both idiotypic and shared melanoma epitopes) derived from freshly isolated autologous melanoma lesions. |
| 1728 | 9554273 | Intracellular cytokine analysis showed that interferon-gamma production during challenge was increased and IL-4 and IL-5 reduced by IL-12 treatment. |
| 1729 | 9554281 | There was evidence of induction of IL2, IL4 and interferon-gamma genes by microsphere vaccines in splenic but not lymph node cells. |
| 1730 | 9562693 | Immunization with increasing doses of inactivated HIV-1 antigen in Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) resulted in increased production of IL-4 and IgG1 antibody with decreased production of interferon gamma. |
| 1731 | 9562693 | Inactivated HIV-1 antigen in Detox PC adjuvant produced a trend of lower levels of the beta-chemokine MIP-1 alpha compared with inactivated HIV-1 in IFA or saline. |
| 1732 | 9562695 | While the Th2-type cytokine IL-4 was detected in the sera after intranasal immunization with HA vaccine and sodium polystyrene sulfonate, neither IFN-gamma nor IL-2 could be detected. |
| 1733 | 9566492 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated by PSA-2 from L. major produced high amounts of interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-beta, and little interleukin-4, thereby showing a Th1 cytokine pattern. |
| 1734 | 9570300 | Hepatoma cells, derived from ASV-B transgenic mice, were gene-transduced to express either interleukin-2, interleukin-4, the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or the T-cell costimulatory molecule B7.1. |
| 1735 | 9570550 | Mice immunized with a hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA vaccine and the IL-12 or IFN-gamma gene exhibited a significant enhancement of Th1 cells and increased production of anti-HBV surface IgG2a Ab, as well as a marked inhibition of Th2 cells and decreased production of IgG1 Ab. |
| 1736 | 9570550 | The CTL activity induced by HBV DNA vaccination was most significantly enhanced by codelivery of the IL-12 or IFN-gamma gene, followed by the IL-2 or granulocyte-macrophage-CSF gene, whereas codelivery of the IL-4 gene suppressed the activity. |
| 1737 | 9570550 | When challenged with HBV surface Ag (HBsAg)-expressing syngeneic tumors, significant reduction of tumor growth was observed in mice that were coadministered the IL-12 gene but not the IL-4 gene. |
| 1738 | 9570550 | Mice immunized with a hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA vaccine and the IL-12 or IFN-gamma gene exhibited a significant enhancement of Th1 cells and increased production of anti-HBV surface IgG2a Ab, as well as a marked inhibition of Th2 cells and decreased production of IgG1 Ab. |
| 1739 | 9570550 | The CTL activity induced by HBV DNA vaccination was most significantly enhanced by codelivery of the IL-12 or IFN-gamma gene, followed by the IL-2 or granulocyte-macrophage-CSF gene, whereas codelivery of the IL-4 gene suppressed the activity. |
| 1740 | 9570550 | When challenged with HBV surface Ag (HBsAg)-expressing syngeneic tumors, significant reduction of tumor growth was observed in mice that were coadministered the IL-12 gene but not the IL-4 gene. |
| 1741 | 9573061 | Proliferative responses to both infected autologous endothelial cells and monocytes were characterized by expansion of a mixture of CD4+, CD8+, and gammadelta T cells. |
| 1742 | 9573061 | Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of cytokine expression by C. ruminantium-specific T-cell lines and immune PBMC revealed weak interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) transcripts at 3 to 24 h after stimulation. |
| 1743 | 9573061 | Strong expression of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta, and IL-2 receptor alpha-chain mRNA was detected in T-cell lines 48 h after antigen stimulation. |
| 1744 | 9573069 | Nramp1 regulates macrophage activation and has multiple pleiotropic effects, including regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, all of which influence antigen processing and presentation. |
| 1745 | 9573069 | Results show that congenic mice carrying the wild-type (S. typhimurium resistance) Nramp1 allele mount a predominantly T-helper-1 (IL-2 and gamma interferon) response to vaccination and show enhanced resolution of lesions following challenge infection with Leishmania major. |
| 1746 | 9573069 | In contrast, mice carrying mutant (S. typhimurium susceptibility) Nramp1 mount a T-helper-2 (immunoglobulin E and IL-4) response and show exacerbated lesion growth upon challenge. |
| 1747 | 9573261 | This adjuvant augmented production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) associated with decrease in IL-4 synthesis by antigen-restimulated splenocytes. |
| 1748 | 9583995 | Severe graft-versus-host disease in SCID mice is associated with a decrease of selective donor cell TCR Vbeta specificities and increased expression of IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 1749 | 9583995 | At that time, cells in BM of B6 and CBA/J injected recipients were augmented in intracellular IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-alpha, whereas only cells in B6 treated BM were increased in IFN-gamma, and both treated groups of mice had up-regulated endogenous MHC class I and class II expression in the three organs. |
| 1750 | 9583995 | Severe graft-versus-host disease in SCID mice is associated with a decrease of selective donor cell TCR Vbeta specificities and increased expression of IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 1751 | 9583995 | At that time, cells in BM of B6 and CBA/J injected recipients were augmented in intracellular IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-alpha, whereas only cells in B6 treated BM were increased in IFN-gamma, and both treated groups of mice had up-regulated endogenous MHC class I and class II expression in the three organs. |
| 1752 | 9607033 | Furthermore, mice treated with B-1/B30-MDP as well as B-1/MDP-Lys(L18) showed a higher level of Th-2 type cytokines, IL-4 and IL-6, in sera than mice treated with B-1 alone. |
| 1753 | 9607848 | The infection enhanced mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-12 p40 and also of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4, IL-10, and cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in spleen. |
| 1754 | 9607848 | Anti-IL-12 treatment significantly reduced the secretion and mRNA expression of IFN-gamma and greatly diminished the augmentation of iNOS mRNA expression. |
| 1755 | 9607848 | In addition, recombinant IL-12 administration delayed the onset of parasitemia because of the enhanced IFN-gamma production. |
| 1756 | 9607848 | These results suggest that blood-stage P. berghei XAT infection induces IL-12 production, which is important for the development of host resistance via IFN-gamma production. |
| 1757 | 9616162 | The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in modulating the quantity of peripheral blood-derived, cytokine-driven human dendritic cells and its role in enhancing the quality of dendritic cell function in presenting soluble antigens to CD4+ T cells in vitro. |
| 1758 | 9616162 | DC progenitors from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were enriched by adherence to plastic, and the adherent cells were then cultured in serum-free XVIVO-15 medium (SFM) for 7 days with added granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 1759 | 9616162 | Moreover, 14-day cultured DC generated in the presence of TNFalpha (when added at day 7) demonstrated marked enhancement in their capacity to stimulate a primary allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (8-fold increase in stimulation index [SI]) as well as to present soluble tetanus toxoid and candida albicans (10- to 100-fold increases in SI) to purified CD4+ T cells. |
| 1760 | 9616162 | When compared with non-TNFalpha-supplemented cultures, these DC also displayed an increased surface expression of CD83 as well as the costimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86. |
| 1761 | 9620217 | Involvement of MHC class I molecule and ICAM-1 in the enhancement of adhesion and cytotoxic susceptibility to immune effector cells of tumor cells transfected with the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene. |
| 1762 | 9620217 | To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4- or IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma vaccine, we have analyzed the functional and phenotypic properties of these genetically engineered melanoma cells in the present study. |
| 1763 | 9620217 | Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that both MHC class I and ICAM-1 expression were increased after IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene transfection. |
| 1764 | 9620217 | These results suggested that the decreased tumorigenicity of IL-2-, IL- 4-, and IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma cells may be partly due to the increased sensitivity to effector cell cytotoxicity mediated by increased expression of ICAM-1 or MHC class I molecules on the tumor cell surface after cytokine gene transfection. |
| 1765 | 9620217 | Involvement of MHC class I molecule and ICAM-1 in the enhancement of adhesion and cytotoxic susceptibility to immune effector cells of tumor cells transfected with the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene. |
| 1766 | 9620217 | To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4- or IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma vaccine, we have analyzed the functional and phenotypic properties of these genetically engineered melanoma cells in the present study. |
| 1767 | 9620217 | Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that both MHC class I and ICAM-1 expression were increased after IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene transfection. |
| 1768 | 9620217 | These results suggested that the decreased tumorigenicity of IL-2-, IL- 4-, and IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma cells may be partly due to the increased sensitivity to effector cell cytotoxicity mediated by increased expression of ICAM-1 or MHC class I molecules on the tumor cell surface after cytokine gene transfection. |
| 1769 | 9620217 | Involvement of MHC class I molecule and ICAM-1 in the enhancement of adhesion and cytotoxic susceptibility to immune effector cells of tumor cells transfected with the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene. |
| 1770 | 9620217 | To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4- or IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma vaccine, we have analyzed the functional and phenotypic properties of these genetically engineered melanoma cells in the present study. |
| 1771 | 9620217 | Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that both MHC class I and ICAM-1 expression were increased after IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene transfection. |
| 1772 | 9620217 | These results suggested that the decreased tumorigenicity of IL-2-, IL- 4-, and IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma cells may be partly due to the increased sensitivity to effector cell cytotoxicity mediated by increased expression of ICAM-1 or MHC class I molecules on the tumor cell surface after cytokine gene transfection. |
| 1773 | 9620217 | Involvement of MHC class I molecule and ICAM-1 in the enhancement of adhesion and cytotoxic susceptibility to immune effector cells of tumor cells transfected with the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene. |
| 1774 | 9620217 | To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4- or IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma vaccine, we have analyzed the functional and phenotypic properties of these genetically engineered melanoma cells in the present study. |
| 1775 | 9620217 | Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that both MHC class I and ICAM-1 expression were increased after IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene transfection. |
| 1776 | 9620217 | These results suggested that the decreased tumorigenicity of IL-2-, IL- 4-, and IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma cells may be partly due to the increased sensitivity to effector cell cytotoxicity mediated by increased expression of ICAM-1 or MHC class I molecules on the tumor cell surface after cytokine gene transfection. |
| 1777 | 9621023 | Protective CD4+ and CD8+ T cells against influenza virus induced by vaccination with nucleoprotein DNA. |
| 1778 | 9621023 | In the present study, we have characterized in more detail the cellular immune responses induced by NP DNA, which included robust lymphoproliferation and Th1-type cytokine secretion (high levels of gamma interferon and interleukin-2 [IL-2], with little IL-4 or IL-10) in response to antigen-specific restimulation of splenocytes in vitro. |
| 1779 | 9621023 | Taken together, these results indicate that immunization with NP DNA primes both cytolytic CD8+ T cells and cytokine-secreting CD4+ T cells. |
| 1780 | 9625536 | DC were prepared from murine bone marrow cells by culture with both granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and interleukin(IL)-4. |
| 1781 | 9625536 | The peritumoral injections of OK432 induced OK432-reactive CD4+ T cells in the draining lymph nodes, and their in vitro production of interferon gamma was thus significantly enhanced by restimulation with OK432-pulsed DC. |
| 1782 | 9625536 | Interestingly, a significant level of IL-12 was detected in the coculture supernatant of both OK432-pulsed DC and OK432-reactive CD4+ T cells. |
| 1783 | 9632590 | Immunization with P60 also induced significant levels of the cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma interferon in BALB/c mice. |
| 1784 | 9638809 | Cytokines, such as interleukin-12 and interleukin-4, are the major regulatory factors for differentiation of naive T helper cells into T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells, respectively. |
| 1785 | 9640239 | Allergic disorders are mediated by T lymphocytes secreting T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5), resulting in high levels of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and recruitment of eosinophils. |
| 1786 | 9643372 | HIV viral load and type 1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and type 2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine production were evaluated before and 7, 14, and 28 days after vaccination. |
| 1787 | 9643372 | Because polysaccharides of the bacterial cell wall stimulate TNF-alpha production by monocyte-macrophages and TNF-alpha was shown to stimulate HIV replication directly on activation of NF-kappa b after binding the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences of HIV, we measured TNF-alpha production and observed a significant increase in both groups of vaccines. |
| 1788 | 9643387 | Th 1 type helper cells that produce type 1 class cytokines, such as interferon gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2), are known to be important in cellular immunity to Legionella as well as to other opportunistic intracellular bacteria. |
| 1789 | 9643387 | In contrast, Th 2 type helper cells, which secrete type 2 class cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, activate B lymphocytes to produce humoral antibodies important in resistance to extracellular bacteria which secrete toxins and extracellular factors as compared to intracellular bacteria such as Legionella. |
| 1790 | 9645357 | Rather, P splenocytes produce two-to threefold higher amounts of IL-4 and IL-10, cytokines which down-regulate the cytotoxic potential of IFN-gamma-treated macrophages. |
| 1791 | 9645357 | Thus, the macrophage-activating potential of cytokine preparations from vaccinated P mice can be completely recovered by in vitro treatment with antibodies to IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 1792 | 9645357 | Rather, P splenocytes produce two-to threefold higher amounts of IL-4 and IL-10, cytokines which down-regulate the cytotoxic potential of IFN-gamma-treated macrophages. |
| 1793 | 9645357 | Thus, the macrophage-activating potential of cytokine preparations from vaccinated P mice can be completely recovered by in vitro treatment with antibodies to IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 1794 | 9652756 | Immune stimulatory potential of B7.1 and B7.2 retrovirally transduced melanoma cells: suppression by interleukin 10. |
| 1795 | 9652756 | Proliferation was assessed by [3H]thymidine uptake. mRNA encoding for interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was determined. |
| 1796 | 9652756 | IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 secretion were quantitated by ELISA. |
| 1797 | 9652756 | B7.1+ and B7.2+ melanomas induced proliferation of PBMCs and mRNA for IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 1798 | 9652756 | The presence of neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies resulted in enhanced proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 1799 | 9652756 | Our data indicate that B7.1- and B7.2-transduced melanoma cells trigger lymphocytic proliferation with transcription of IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 1800 | 9652756 | Immune stimulatory potential of B7.1 and B7.2 retrovirally transduced melanoma cells: suppression by interleukin 10. |
| 1801 | 9652756 | Proliferation was assessed by [3H]thymidine uptake. mRNA encoding for interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was determined. |
| 1802 | 9652756 | IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 secretion were quantitated by ELISA. |
| 1803 | 9652756 | B7.1+ and B7.2+ melanomas induced proliferation of PBMCs and mRNA for IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 1804 | 9652756 | The presence of neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies resulted in enhanced proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 1805 | 9652756 | Our data indicate that B7.1- and B7.2-transduced melanoma cells trigger lymphocytic proliferation with transcription of IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 1806 | 9656453 | In addition, the cytokine profiles support the T1rT2 differentiation with these immunizations, in that oxidized mannan antigen gives IFNg, IL-2 and IL-12 production, whereas in the absence of oxidization, IL-4 and not the other cytokines is produced. |
| 1807 | 9659229 | Preservation of mucosal and systemic adjuvant properties of ISCOMS in the absence of functional interleukin-4 or interferon-gamma. |
| 1808 | 9659229 | Here we have investigated whether interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are required for the induction of local and systemic immune responses by oral and parenteral administration of ovalbumin (OVA) in immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMS), a potent mucosal adjuvant vector. |
| 1809 | 9659229 | Our results show that after oral or systemic immunization with OVA ISCOMS, IL-4 knockout (IL4KO) and IFN-gamma receptor knockout (IFN-gamma RKO) mice develop an entirely normal range of immune responses including delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, T-cell proliferation and cytokine production, class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity and intestinal IgA antibodies. |
| 1810 | 9659229 | These responses were of a similar magnitude to those found in the wild-type mice, indicating that the immunogenicity of ISCOMS is not influenced by the presence of IL-4 or IFN-gamma and emphasizing the potential of ISCOMS as widely applicable mucosal adjuvants. |
| 1811 | 9659229 | Preservation of mucosal and systemic adjuvant properties of ISCOMS in the absence of functional interleukin-4 or interferon-gamma. |
| 1812 | 9659229 | Here we have investigated whether interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are required for the induction of local and systemic immune responses by oral and parenteral administration of ovalbumin (OVA) in immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMS), a potent mucosal adjuvant vector. |
| 1813 | 9659229 | Our results show that after oral or systemic immunization with OVA ISCOMS, IL-4 knockout (IL4KO) and IFN-gamma receptor knockout (IFN-gamma RKO) mice develop an entirely normal range of immune responses including delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, T-cell proliferation and cytokine production, class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity and intestinal IgA antibodies. |
| 1814 | 9659229 | These responses were of a similar magnitude to those found in the wild-type mice, indicating that the immunogenicity of ISCOMS is not influenced by the presence of IL-4 or IFN-gamma and emphasizing the potential of ISCOMS as widely applicable mucosal adjuvants. |
| 1815 | 9659229 | Preservation of mucosal and systemic adjuvant properties of ISCOMS in the absence of functional interleukin-4 or interferon-gamma. |
| 1816 | 9659229 | Here we have investigated whether interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are required for the induction of local and systemic immune responses by oral and parenteral administration of ovalbumin (OVA) in immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMS), a potent mucosal adjuvant vector. |
| 1817 | 9659229 | Our results show that after oral or systemic immunization with OVA ISCOMS, IL-4 knockout (IL4KO) and IFN-gamma receptor knockout (IFN-gamma RKO) mice develop an entirely normal range of immune responses including delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, T-cell proliferation and cytokine production, class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity and intestinal IgA antibodies. |
| 1818 | 9659229 | These responses were of a similar magnitude to those found in the wild-type mice, indicating that the immunogenicity of ISCOMS is not influenced by the presence of IL-4 or IFN-gamma and emphasizing the potential of ISCOMS as widely applicable mucosal adjuvants. |
| 1819 | 9659229 | Preservation of mucosal and systemic adjuvant properties of ISCOMS in the absence of functional interleukin-4 or interferon-gamma. |
| 1820 | 9659229 | Here we have investigated whether interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are required for the induction of local and systemic immune responses by oral and parenteral administration of ovalbumin (OVA) in immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMS), a potent mucosal adjuvant vector. |
| 1821 | 9659229 | Our results show that after oral or systemic immunization with OVA ISCOMS, IL-4 knockout (IL4KO) and IFN-gamma receptor knockout (IFN-gamma RKO) mice develop an entirely normal range of immune responses including delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, T-cell proliferation and cytokine production, class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity and intestinal IgA antibodies. |
| 1822 | 9659229 | These responses were of a similar magnitude to those found in the wild-type mice, indicating that the immunogenicity of ISCOMS is not influenced by the presence of IL-4 or IFN-gamma and emphasizing the potential of ISCOMS as widely applicable mucosal adjuvants. |
| 1823 | 9667946 | Analysis of the cytokines secreted by the proliferating T cells showed a high level of IFN-gamma and undetectable levels of IL-4, indicating a T helper type 1 response. |
| 1824 | 9673236 | Seven of nine T-cell clones exhibited a Th0-like cytokine profile, producing high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) upon stimulation with specific peptides and mitogens. |
| 1825 | 9673236 | The other two clones had a Th1-like cytokine profile with high expression of IFN-gamma and no IL-4. |
| 1826 | 9673236 | Seven of nine T-cell clones exhibited a Th0-like cytokine profile, producing high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) upon stimulation with specific peptides and mitogens. |
| 1827 | 9673236 | The other two clones had a Th1-like cytokine profile with high expression of IFN-gamma and no IL-4. |
| 1828 | 9673264 | The expression of mRNA of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assayed by reverse transcription-PCR. |
| 1829 | 9673264 | At least one of the antigens induced mRNA for IL-4 and/or IL-5 in the cells of 93% of tested vaccinees and patients, and FHA induced IFN-gamma mRNA in the cells of two-thirds of them. |
| 1830 | 9673264 | The expression of mRNA of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assayed by reverse transcription-PCR. |
| 1831 | 9673264 | At least one of the antigens induced mRNA for IL-4 and/or IL-5 in the cells of 93% of tested vaccinees and patients, and FHA induced IFN-gamma mRNA in the cells of two-thirds of them. |
| 1832 | 9682333 | Gp63-ISCOMs primed spleen cells restimulated in vitro with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) or live parasites displayed strong gp63-specific proliferative responses and secreted high levels of interleukin-2, interferon gamma and interleukin-10 but not interleukin-4. |
| 1833 | 9682357 | After oral immunization of BALB/c mice with two 1 x 10(9) colony forming unit doses given 21 days apart, CVD 908 omega (delta aroC::Ptac-gp63) elicited a broad T cell-mediated immune response against L. m. mexicana gp63 as demonstrated by: (1) lymphoproliferative response to fixed whole L. m. mexicana promastigotes; (2) activation of IL-2 (but not IL-4)-producing lymphocytes; (3) appearance of cytotoxic T cells against mouse mastocytoma cells expressing gp63. |
| 1834 | 9682365 | Ocular pre-exposure to DNA encoding the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10, but not IL-2 or interferon-gamma, modulated the severity of the immunoinflammatory response to subsequent corneal infection with HSV. |
| 1835 | 9682366 | Administration of human growth hormone at the time of gp120 immunization provokes a change in the cytokine production pattern, with lower IL-4 and higher gamma-IFN and IL-2 synthesis levels, indicating a preferential switch in stimulation from Th2 to Th1 cells. |
| 1836 | 9682391 | To evaluate vaccinia virus as a delivery system for recombinant antigen in cattle, calves were immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) expressing the sporozoite surface antigen (p67) of Theileria parva (V-67) combined with those expressing bovine IL-4 (V-IL4) or IL-2 (V-IL2). |
| 1837 | 9682391 | Vaccination with a recombinant virus expressing a chimaeric p67(p583)/IL2 product gave rise to a lower level of protection, whereas V-IL2 provided no immunity. |
| 1838 | 9683547 | Thus therapies which decrease T cells secreting IFN-gamma production or increase IL-4 production would be expected to have an ameliorating effect on MS. |
| 1839 | 9683547 | To investigate whether the increased IL-4 secretion was myelin antigen specific, we generated 3990 short-term T cell lines to myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), or tetanus toxoid (TT) from 31 progressive MS patients: 11 MS patients treated with CY/MP, 10 MS patients treated with MP alone, and 10 untreated MS patients. |
| 1840 | 9683547 | We found increased frequencies of both MBP- and PLP-specific IL-4-secreting T cell lines in CY/MP-treated patients compared to untreated MS patients. |
| 1841 | 9683547 | Thus therapies which decrease T cells secreting IFN-gamma production or increase IL-4 production would be expected to have an ameliorating effect on MS. |
| 1842 | 9683547 | To investigate whether the increased IL-4 secretion was myelin antigen specific, we generated 3990 short-term T cell lines to myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), or tetanus toxoid (TT) from 31 progressive MS patients: 11 MS patients treated with CY/MP, 10 MS patients treated with MP alone, and 10 untreated MS patients. |
| 1843 | 9683547 | We found increased frequencies of both MBP- and PLP-specific IL-4-secreting T cell lines in CY/MP-treated patients compared to untreated MS patients. |
| 1844 | 9683547 | Thus therapies which decrease T cells secreting IFN-gamma production or increase IL-4 production would be expected to have an ameliorating effect on MS. |
| 1845 | 9683547 | To investigate whether the increased IL-4 secretion was myelin antigen specific, we generated 3990 short-term T cell lines to myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), or tetanus toxoid (TT) from 31 progressive MS patients: 11 MS patients treated with CY/MP, 10 MS patients treated with MP alone, and 10 untreated MS patients. |
| 1846 | 9683547 | We found increased frequencies of both MBP- and PLP-specific IL-4-secreting T cell lines in CY/MP-treated patients compared to untreated MS patients. |
| 1847 | 9686195 | Elevated levels of IL-12 (p40 mRNA) were detected in the lymph nodes (LN) and the lungs of vaccinated mice, whilst treatment of vaccinated mice with anti-IL-12 antibodies decreased the ratio of IFN gamma:IL-4 secreted by in vitro-cultured LN cells. |
| 1848 | 9686195 | Soluble antigens from the lung-stage of the parasite (SLAP) appeared to be efficient stimulators of IFN gamma and IL-12 secretion. |
| 1849 | 9686195 | These antigens when used to immunise mice in conjunction with IL-12 as an adjuvant, elicited a polarised Th1 response with abundant IFN gamma secretion but no IL-4. |
| 1850 | 9686195 | The induction of a dominant Th1 response using SLAP + IL-12 probably operates via IFN gamma production by natural killer (NK) cells stimulated by IL-12, since in vivo ablation of NK cells using anti-NK1.1 antibody reduced CD4(+)-dependent IFN gamma production from cultured LN cells by over 97%. |
| 1851 | 9686195 | Nevertheless, in mice with a genetic disruption of the IFN gamma receptor, administration of SLAP + IL-12 induced levels of IFN gamma equal to those in wild-type mice, thus showing that in this model IL-12 can directly prime T cells independent of IFN gamma. |
| 1852 | 9686195 | Elevated levels of IL-12 (p40 mRNA) were detected in the lymph nodes (LN) and the lungs of vaccinated mice, whilst treatment of vaccinated mice with anti-IL-12 antibodies decreased the ratio of IFN gamma:IL-4 secreted by in vitro-cultured LN cells. |
| 1853 | 9686195 | Soluble antigens from the lung-stage of the parasite (SLAP) appeared to be efficient stimulators of IFN gamma and IL-12 secretion. |
| 1854 | 9686195 | These antigens when used to immunise mice in conjunction with IL-12 as an adjuvant, elicited a polarised Th1 response with abundant IFN gamma secretion but no IL-4. |
| 1855 | 9686195 | The induction of a dominant Th1 response using SLAP + IL-12 probably operates via IFN gamma production by natural killer (NK) cells stimulated by IL-12, since in vivo ablation of NK cells using anti-NK1.1 antibody reduced CD4(+)-dependent IFN gamma production from cultured LN cells by over 97%. |
| 1856 | 9686195 | Nevertheless, in mice with a genetic disruption of the IFN gamma receptor, administration of SLAP + IL-12 induced levels of IFN gamma equal to those in wild-type mice, thus showing that in this model IL-12 can directly prime T cells independent of IFN gamma. |
| 1857 | 9686610 | Control of IL-12 and IFN-gamma production in response to live or dead bacteria by TNF and other factors. |
| 1858 | 9686610 | Production of IL-12, detected in serum and spleen, was neither increased nor prolonged by injecting Abs to IL-10 or IL-4. |
| 1859 | 9686610 | Mice lacking the receptors for TNF (TNFR-/- mice) were severely deficient in IL-12 production, suggesting a controlling role for TNF, which we have previously shown to be triggered by live, rather than dead, bacteria. |
| 1860 | 9694075 | These transiently transfected DC, derived from healthy donor monocytes cultured with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4, express the transgene and can stimulate naive CD8+ T cells to elicit an antitumor immune response. |
| 1861 | 9697728 | B. pertussis antigen stimulation resulted in a preferential induction of type 1 cytokine profile, as shown by interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 (but no interleukin-4 or interleukin-5) gene transcripts and actual cytokine production by T cells. |
| 1862 | 9711781 | Maturation of human neonatal CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes into Th1/Th2 effectors. |
| 1863 | 9711781 | The activation and maturation of neonatal CD4+ T cells is particularly dependent upon the strength of CD28-mediated cosignal which dictates not only the cytokine profile released upon primary activation but also the response to IL-12. |
| 1864 | 9711781 | Activation of adult as well as neonatal CD4+ T cells in the context of low CD28 costimulation yields to the production of low levels of only one cytokine, i.e. |
| 1865 | 9711781 | In contrast, strong CD28 costimulation supports the production of high levels of type 1 (IL-2, IFN gamma and TNF beta) and low levels of type 2 (IL-4 and IL-13) cytokines by neonatal T cells. |
| 1866 | 9711781 | The low levels of naive T cell-derived IL-4 are sufficient to support their development into high IL-4/IL-5 producers by an autocrine pathway. |
| 1867 | 9711781 | The ability of IL-12 to prime neonatal CD4+ T cells for increased production of IL-4 (in addition to IFN gamma) is observed only when CD28 cosignal is minimal. |
| 1868 | 9711781 | Unlike CD4+ T cells, neonatal CD8+ T cells strictly require exogenous IL-4 to develop into IL-4/IL-5 producers. |
| 1869 | 9711781 | Most importantly, anti-CD3/B7-activated neonatal CD8 T cells coexpress CD4 as well as CCR5 and CXCR4 and are susceptible to HIV-1 infection in vitro. |
| 1870 | 9711781 | Maturation of human neonatal CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes into Th1/Th2 effectors. |
| 1871 | 9711781 | The activation and maturation of neonatal CD4+ T cells is particularly dependent upon the strength of CD28-mediated cosignal which dictates not only the cytokine profile released upon primary activation but also the response to IL-12. |
| 1872 | 9711781 | Activation of adult as well as neonatal CD4+ T cells in the context of low CD28 costimulation yields to the production of low levels of only one cytokine, i.e. |
| 1873 | 9711781 | In contrast, strong CD28 costimulation supports the production of high levels of type 1 (IL-2, IFN gamma and TNF beta) and low levels of type 2 (IL-4 and IL-13) cytokines by neonatal T cells. |
| 1874 | 9711781 | The low levels of naive T cell-derived IL-4 are sufficient to support their development into high IL-4/IL-5 producers by an autocrine pathway. |
| 1875 | 9711781 | The ability of IL-12 to prime neonatal CD4+ T cells for increased production of IL-4 (in addition to IFN gamma) is observed only when CD28 cosignal is minimal. |
| 1876 | 9711781 | Unlike CD4+ T cells, neonatal CD8+ T cells strictly require exogenous IL-4 to develop into IL-4/IL-5 producers. |
| 1877 | 9711781 | Most importantly, anti-CD3/B7-activated neonatal CD8 T cells coexpress CD4 as well as CCR5 and CXCR4 and are susceptible to HIV-1 infection in vitro. |
| 1878 | 9711781 | Maturation of human neonatal CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes into Th1/Th2 effectors. |
| 1879 | 9711781 | The activation and maturation of neonatal CD4+ T cells is particularly dependent upon the strength of CD28-mediated cosignal which dictates not only the cytokine profile released upon primary activation but also the response to IL-12. |
| 1880 | 9711781 | Activation of adult as well as neonatal CD4+ T cells in the context of low CD28 costimulation yields to the production of low levels of only one cytokine, i.e. |
| 1881 | 9711781 | In contrast, strong CD28 costimulation supports the production of high levels of type 1 (IL-2, IFN gamma and TNF beta) and low levels of type 2 (IL-4 and IL-13) cytokines by neonatal T cells. |
| 1882 | 9711781 | The low levels of naive T cell-derived IL-4 are sufficient to support their development into high IL-4/IL-5 producers by an autocrine pathway. |
| 1883 | 9711781 | The ability of IL-12 to prime neonatal CD4+ T cells for increased production of IL-4 (in addition to IFN gamma) is observed only when CD28 cosignal is minimal. |
| 1884 | 9711781 | Unlike CD4+ T cells, neonatal CD8+ T cells strictly require exogenous IL-4 to develop into IL-4/IL-5 producers. |
| 1885 | 9711781 | Most importantly, anti-CD3/B7-activated neonatal CD8 T cells coexpress CD4 as well as CCR5 and CXCR4 and are susceptible to HIV-1 infection in vitro. |
| 1886 | 9711781 | Maturation of human neonatal CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes into Th1/Th2 effectors. |
| 1887 | 9711781 | The activation and maturation of neonatal CD4+ T cells is particularly dependent upon the strength of CD28-mediated cosignal which dictates not only the cytokine profile released upon primary activation but also the response to IL-12. |
| 1888 | 9711781 | Activation of adult as well as neonatal CD4+ T cells in the context of low CD28 costimulation yields to the production of low levels of only one cytokine, i.e. |
| 1889 | 9711781 | In contrast, strong CD28 costimulation supports the production of high levels of type 1 (IL-2, IFN gamma and TNF beta) and low levels of type 2 (IL-4 and IL-13) cytokines by neonatal T cells. |
| 1890 | 9711781 | The low levels of naive T cell-derived IL-4 are sufficient to support their development into high IL-4/IL-5 producers by an autocrine pathway. |
| 1891 | 9711781 | The ability of IL-12 to prime neonatal CD4+ T cells for increased production of IL-4 (in addition to IFN gamma) is observed only when CD28 cosignal is minimal. |
| 1892 | 9711781 | Unlike CD4+ T cells, neonatal CD8+ T cells strictly require exogenous IL-4 to develop into IL-4/IL-5 producers. |
| 1893 | 9711781 | Most importantly, anti-CD3/B7-activated neonatal CD8 T cells coexpress CD4 as well as CCR5 and CXCR4 and are susceptible to HIV-1 infection in vitro. |
| 1894 | 9717833 | Analysis of the specificity and restriction of the cytokine responses to G89 by G89-stimulated T cells revealed that these cells secreted significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma than interleukin 4 and interleukin 10, suggesting priming for a Th0-T helper 1 response. |
| 1895 | 9723654 | Studies in peripheral blood and within the target organ have demonstrated a shift in the balance of T-cell subsets away from TH2-type (producing particularly IL-4 and IL-5) in favor of a TH1-type T-lymphocyte response (with the preferential production of IFN-gamma). |
| 1896 | 9724877 | Mice deficient in gamma-delta T cells, classical major histocompatibility complex class I, non-classical antigen presentation pathways, the cytokines interferon-gamma, interleukin-4, interleukin-6 and the cytolytic effector molecules perforin or FasL were completely immune to secondary infection. |
| 1897 | 9725246 | Both groups produced significant levels of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 1898 | 9733872 | To address these issues, we quantitated virus-specific CD4 Th1 (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma-interferon) and Th2 (IL-4) responses in mice acutely infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). |
| 1899 | 9741428 | CD4 T lymphocytes from gp63-pcDNA-3-immunized mice proliferated and produced IFN-gamma (but not IL-4) when stimulated in vitro with freeze-thawed parasites, consistent with a Th1 immune response. |
| 1900 | 9741428 | In contrast, lymphocyte proliferation in animals immunized with freeze-thawed parasites was associated with IL-4 (but not IFN-gamma) production, suggesting a nonprotective Th2 response. |
| 1901 | 9741428 | CD4 T lymphocytes from gp63-pcDNA-3-immunized mice proliferated and produced IFN-gamma (but not IL-4) when stimulated in vitro with freeze-thawed parasites, consistent with a Th1 immune response. |
| 1902 | 9741428 | In contrast, lymphocyte proliferation in animals immunized with freeze-thawed parasites was associated with IL-4 (but not IFN-gamma) production, suggesting a nonprotective Th2 response. |
| 1903 | 9743368 | L-selectin(low/-) T cells exhibited tumor-specific cytokine release that was type 2 (IL-4, IL-10) following vaccination with native D5 and type 1 (IFN-gamma) following vaccination with gene-modified D5-Kd. |
| 1904 | 9754570 | Cultured lymph node cells from KO mice had markedly altered cytokine profiles with significantly decreased production of IFN-gamma increased IL-4. |
| 1905 | 9754570 | After challenge, cells recovered from the lungs of KO mice secreted abundant IL-4 and IL-5 but little IFN-gamma, while flow cytometric and histological analysis of lung cell populations recorded a very high proportion of eosinophils. |
| 1906 | 9754570 | Cultured lymph node cells from KO mice had markedly altered cytokine profiles with significantly decreased production of IFN-gamma increased IL-4. |
| 1907 | 9754570 | After challenge, cells recovered from the lungs of KO mice secreted abundant IL-4 and IL-5 but little IFN-gamma, while flow cytometric and histological analysis of lung cell populations recorded a very high proportion of eosinophils. |
| 1908 | 9756643 | Induction of T cell anergy by high concentrations of immunodominant native peptide is accompanied by IL-10 production and a block in JNK activity. |
| 1909 | 9756643 | The TT-selected line, as well as three T cell clones established from this line, continued to produce IFN-gamma and significantly increased IL-4 and IL-10 production when anergy was induced with high concentrations of the immunodominant epitope. |
| 1910 | 9756643 | The MBP-selected line could likewise be rendered unresponsive by incubation with supraoptimal concentrations of immunodominant peptide and anergy induction was accompanied by IL-10 release. |
| 1911 | 9767429 | Restimulated immune lymphoid cells showed enhanced production of both IL-2 and interferon-gamma and reduced secretion of IL-4. |
| 1912 | 9767601 | Antigen-stimulated production of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma by splenocytes increased progressively up to 14 weeks post infection, (four weeks after the onset of parasite egg production), before declining swiftly. |
| 1913 | 9767601 | Levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 in the same cultures remained low until 14 weeks, after which they rose rapidly as IFN-gamma declined. |
| 1914 | 9767601 | High levels of IL-10 coincided with the peak in IFN-gamma production, suggesting a non Th2-restricted role for this cytokine. |
| 1915 | 9776139 | IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-10 were evaluated in the PFMC supernatants stimulated by these antigens. |
| 1916 | 9776139 | Both crude and 70-kDa antigens induced higher levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-10. |
| 1917 | 9776139 | There was a significant positive correlation between IFN-gamma and the proliferative response induced by crude M. tuberculosis antigen, and an inverse correlation was identified between IL-10 and cell proliferation. |
| 1918 | 9780183 | Immunization with PspA and mCT elicited higher levels of PspA-specific IgG and IgA Abs in serum and of IgG and IgA anti-PspA Ab-forming cells in spleens, cervical lymph nodes (CLN), and lung tissue when compared to nonimmunized mice. |
| 1919 | 9780183 | Furthermore, significant PspA-specific IgA Abs were induced in saliva and nasal secretions. |
| 1920 | 9780183 | Analysis of cytokine responses showed that nasal PspA plus mCT S61F enhanced the induction of PspA-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-4 but not IFN-gamma in CLN at both the protein and mRNA levels. |
| 1921 | 9780187 | Moreover, administration of KLH with HKL as an adjuvant reversed established immune responses dominated by the production of Th2 cytokines and high levels of KLH-specific IgE and induced a Th1-type response with high levels of IFN-gamma and IgG2a and low levels of IgE and IL-4. |
| 1922 | 9780187 | Neutralization of IL-12 activity at the time of HKL administration blocked the enhancement of IFN-gamma and reduction of IL-4 production, indicating that IL-12, induced by HKL, was responsible for the adjuvant effects on cytokine production. |
| 1923 | 9780187 | Moreover, administration of KLH with HKL as an adjuvant reversed established immune responses dominated by the production of Th2 cytokines and high levels of KLH-specific IgE and induced a Th1-type response with high levels of IFN-gamma and IgG2a and low levels of IgE and IL-4. |
| 1924 | 9780187 | Neutralization of IL-12 activity at the time of HKL administration blocked the enhancement of IFN-gamma and reduction of IL-4 production, indicating that IL-12, induced by HKL, was responsible for the adjuvant effects on cytokine production. |
| 1925 | 9784540 | Antibody responses potentiated by several adjuvants to a Plasmodium falciparum MSP1-19 (C-terminal 19-kDa processing fragment of MSP1) vaccine were studied in gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) or interleukin (IL-4) knockout mice. |
| 1926 | 9784552 | Analysis of the cytokines expressed by the Th cells revealed that all clones expressed gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and most coexpressed interleukin-4. |
| 1927 | 9789195 | In order to improve upon preclinical tumor vaccine strategies that employ dendritic cells (DC), we now have compared short-term cultures of spleen- and GM-CSF/IL-4-stimulated bone marrow (BM) to determine if differences exist in phenotype and function of murine DC derived from primary and secondary hematolymphoid organs. |
| 1928 | 9795387 | The MF59 induced higher levels of serum IL-4 and IL-5 cytokines, suggesting a more Th2 type of response. |
| 1929 | 9811500 | The cytokine secretion profiles of the T cells consisted of high levels of interferon-gamma with undetectable levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. |
| 1930 | 9811500 | Moreover, incorporation of MPLA in the MUC1 peptide-loaded PLGA microspheres resulted in an increase in interferon-gamma production. |
| 1931 | 9811501 | The cytokine profiles showed significant production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, a Th1-type cytokine) and extremely low levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4, a Th2-type cytokine). |
| 1932 | 9811501 | The control group of C57BL/6 mice immunized with peptide plus alum showed a very low level of T cell proliferation, and no increase was seen in IFN-gamma or IL-4 production. |
| 1933 | 9811501 | The cytokine profiles showed significant production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, a Th1-type cytokine) and extremely low levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4, a Th2-type cytokine). |
| 1934 | 9811501 | The control group of C57BL/6 mice immunized with peptide plus alum showed a very low level of T cell proliferation, and no increase was seen in IFN-gamma or IL-4 production. |
| 1935 | 9824496 | Determination of cytokine co-expression in individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from influenza virus-immune mice. |
| 1936 | 9824496 | We have studied the patterns of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) co-expression displayed by individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to influenza virus immunization. |
| 1937 | 9824496 | The frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were determined by three-colour flow cytometric analysis of fixed and saponin-permeabilized cells fluorescent-stained for either CD4 or CD8 surface molecules and for one of the following combinations of two intracellular cytokines: IL-2/IL-4, IL-2/IFN-gamma and IL-4/IFN-gamma. |
| 1938 | 9824496 | The results showed that immunization with influenza virus induces in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells a heterogeneity of cytokine response patterns that do not follow the type 1/type 2 polarized response model, but with substantial differences between the two populations. |
| 1939 | 9824496 | IL-4/IL-2, IL-4/IFN-gamma and IL-2/IFN-gamma), whereas immune CD4+ T cells were seen to express almost exclusively a single cytokine per cell. |
| 1940 | 9824496 | The observed patterns of cytokine production suggest that influenza virus immunization induces the expression of a type 0 cytokine pattern at both population and single cell levels in CD8+ T cells and exclusively at the population level in CD4+ T cells. |
| 1941 | 9824496 | Determination of cytokine co-expression in individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from influenza virus-immune mice. |
| 1942 | 9824496 | We have studied the patterns of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) co-expression displayed by individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to influenza virus immunization. |
| 1943 | 9824496 | The frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were determined by three-colour flow cytometric analysis of fixed and saponin-permeabilized cells fluorescent-stained for either CD4 or CD8 surface molecules and for one of the following combinations of two intracellular cytokines: IL-2/IL-4, IL-2/IFN-gamma and IL-4/IFN-gamma. |
| 1944 | 9824496 | The results showed that immunization with influenza virus induces in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells a heterogeneity of cytokine response patterns that do not follow the type 1/type 2 polarized response model, but with substantial differences between the two populations. |
| 1945 | 9824496 | IL-4/IL-2, IL-4/IFN-gamma and IL-2/IFN-gamma), whereas immune CD4+ T cells were seen to express almost exclusively a single cytokine per cell. |
| 1946 | 9824496 | The observed patterns of cytokine production suggest that influenza virus immunization induces the expression of a type 0 cytokine pattern at both population and single cell levels in CD8+ T cells and exclusively at the population level in CD4+ T cells. |
| 1947 | 9824496 | Determination of cytokine co-expression in individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from influenza virus-immune mice. |
| 1948 | 9824496 | We have studied the patterns of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) co-expression displayed by individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to influenza virus immunization. |
| 1949 | 9824496 | The frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were determined by three-colour flow cytometric analysis of fixed and saponin-permeabilized cells fluorescent-stained for either CD4 or CD8 surface molecules and for one of the following combinations of two intracellular cytokines: IL-2/IL-4, IL-2/IFN-gamma and IL-4/IFN-gamma. |
| 1950 | 9824496 | The results showed that immunization with influenza virus induces in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells a heterogeneity of cytokine response patterns that do not follow the type 1/type 2 polarized response model, but with substantial differences between the two populations. |
| 1951 | 9824496 | IL-4/IL-2, IL-4/IFN-gamma and IL-2/IFN-gamma), whereas immune CD4+ T cells were seen to express almost exclusively a single cytokine per cell. |
| 1952 | 9824496 | The observed patterns of cytokine production suggest that influenza virus immunization induces the expression of a type 0 cytokine pattern at both population and single cell levels in CD8+ T cells and exclusively at the population level in CD4+ T cells. |
| 1953 | 9829733 | High enrichment of CD34+ HSCs was obtained using an immunomagnetic bead cell separation device. |
| 1954 | 9829733 | After separation, the negative fraction of mobilized PBMCs from normal donors and cancer patients contained undetectable levels of CD34+ HSCs by flow cytometry. |
| 1955 | 9829733 | This fraction of cells was then subjected to plastic adherence, and the adherent cells were cultured for 7 days in GM-CSF (100 ng/ml) and interleukin 4 (50 ng/ml) followed by an additional 7 days in GM-CSF, interleukin 4, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (10 ng/ml) to generate DCs. |
| 1956 | 9829733 | Harvested DCs represented yields of 4.1+/-1.4 and 5.8+/-5.4% of the initial cells plated from the CD34+ cell-depleted mobilized PBMCs of normal donors and cancer patients, respectively, and displayed a high level expression of CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and CD11c but not CD14. |
| 1957 | 9829733 | Collectively, these results demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining both DCs and CD34+ HSCs from the same leukapheresis collection from G-CSF-primed normal donors and cancer patients in sufficient numbers for the purpose of combined PBSCT and immunization strategies. |
| 1958 | 9834103 | LeIF: a recombinant Leishmania protein that induces an IL-12-mediated Th1 cytokine profile. |
| 1959 | 9834103 | When lymph node cells from infected BALB/c mice were stimulated in vitro with LeIF, only IFN-gamma (and no detectable IL-4) was found in the culture supernatant. |
| 1960 | 9834103 | We found that LeIF stimulated fresh spleen cells from naive SCID mice to secrete IFN-gamma by IL-12/IL-18-dependent mechanisms. |
| 1961 | 9847356 | To investigate whether the Th1- or Th2-type immune responses are more important for protection from HSV-2 infection, we codelivered the DNA expression construct encoding the HSV-2 gD protein with the gene plasmids encoding the Th1-type (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18) and Th2-type (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines in an effort to drive immunity induced by vaccination. |
| 1962 | 9851359 | The CTLs were cross-reactive against multiple strains of type A influenza viruses and produced IFNgamma but no IL-4. |
| 1963 | 9862710 | Immunologic analysis of Ab isotype during infection and splenocyte IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 production following stimulation with Leishmania Ag or Con A indicates that there was a significant shift from a predominantly Th2-associated immune response in mice infected with wild-type L. mexicana to a Th1-associated response in mice inoculated with delta cpb or delta cpa/cpb. |
| 1964 | 9862872 | After in vitro stimulation with HBsAg, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of only 1 of 5 acute and 1 of 6 chronic HBV patients, but of all 6 vaccine recipients, secreted varying amounts of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), but no interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-5. |
| 1965 | 9862872 | Furthermore, the addition of IFN-gamma, but not of IL-2, -4, -12, or IFN-alpha, resulted in strong increases of anti-HBs-secreting B cells in vaccine recipients and chronic carriers. |
| 1966 | 9864210 | Previous studies demonstrated that cattle immunized with native protein that were subsequently protected against challenge had a strong IFN-gamma and weaker interleukin-4 (IL-4) response in immune lymph node lymphocytes that reflected the cytokine profile of the majority of CD4(+) T-cell clones obtained from peripheral blood. |
| 1967 | 9864210 | RAP-1-specific T helper (Th) cell clones that coexpress IFN-gamma and IL-4 are typical of numerous parasite-specific clones examined. |
| 1968 | 9864210 | The capacity to enhance IgG2 production was associated with production of IFN-gamma by Th cells cocultured with B cells, antigen, and IL-2. |
| 1969 | 9864210 | Previous studies demonstrated that cattle immunized with native protein that were subsequently protected against challenge had a strong IFN-gamma and weaker interleukin-4 (IL-4) response in immune lymph node lymphocytes that reflected the cytokine profile of the majority of CD4(+) T-cell clones obtained from peripheral blood. |
| 1970 | 9864210 | RAP-1-specific T helper (Th) cell clones that coexpress IFN-gamma and IL-4 are typical of numerous parasite-specific clones examined. |
| 1971 | 9864210 | The capacity to enhance IgG2 production was associated with production of IFN-gamma by Th cells cocultured with B cells, antigen, and IL-2. |
| 1972 | 9865740 | To characterize the antibody (Ab) response against a known antigen, colon carcinoma C26 cells and C26 variants engineered to produce interleukin (IL) 12 or IL-4 were further transduced to express the human tumor-associated antigen gp38 folate receptor (FR) alpha. |
| 1973 | 9865740 | Irradiated IL-12- and IL-4-producing C26/FR alpha cell vaccines cured 50 and 30% of mice bearing C26/FR alpha lung micrometastases. |
| 1974 | 9865740 | Treatment induced a rapid, CD4-dependent Ab production dominated by IgG2a and IgG1 in response to the IL-12 or IL-4 vaccine, respectively. |
| 1975 | 9865740 | Sera from mice cured by the IL-12 vaccine displayed a higher binding activity, a higher anti-FR alpha IgG2a content, and a higher complement-mediated tumor cell lysis in vitro compared to the sera from nonresponder mice. |
| 1976 | 9865740 | To characterize the antibody (Ab) response against a known antigen, colon carcinoma C26 cells and C26 variants engineered to produce interleukin (IL) 12 or IL-4 were further transduced to express the human tumor-associated antigen gp38 folate receptor (FR) alpha. |
| 1977 | 9865740 | Irradiated IL-12- and IL-4-producing C26/FR alpha cell vaccines cured 50 and 30% of mice bearing C26/FR alpha lung micrometastases. |
| 1978 | 9865740 | Treatment induced a rapid, CD4-dependent Ab production dominated by IgG2a and IgG1 in response to the IL-12 or IL-4 vaccine, respectively. |
| 1979 | 9865740 | Sera from mice cured by the IL-12 vaccine displayed a higher binding activity, a higher anti-FR alpha IgG2a content, and a higher complement-mediated tumor cell lysis in vitro compared to the sera from nonresponder mice. |
| 1980 | 9865740 | To characterize the antibody (Ab) response against a known antigen, colon carcinoma C26 cells and C26 variants engineered to produce interleukin (IL) 12 or IL-4 were further transduced to express the human tumor-associated antigen gp38 folate receptor (FR) alpha. |
| 1981 | 9865740 | Irradiated IL-12- and IL-4-producing C26/FR alpha cell vaccines cured 50 and 30% of mice bearing C26/FR alpha lung micrometastases. |
| 1982 | 9865740 | Treatment induced a rapid, CD4-dependent Ab production dominated by IgG2a and IgG1 in response to the IL-12 or IL-4 vaccine, respectively. |
| 1983 | 9865740 | Sera from mice cured by the IL-12 vaccine displayed a higher binding activity, a higher anti-FR alpha IgG2a content, and a higher complement-mediated tumor cell lysis in vitro compared to the sera from nonresponder mice. |
| 1984 | 9865738 | The induction of in vivo proliferation of long-lived CD44hi CD8+ T cells after the injection of tumor cells expressing IFN-alpha1 into syngeneic mice. |
| 1985 | 9865738 | The injection of viable cells producing IFN-alpha or IL-12 caused a marked proliferation of CD8+ T lymphocytes in both the spleen and lymph nodes. |
| 1986 | 9865738 | In contrast, proliferation of CD8+ T cells did not occur in mice injected with control cells or with cells expressing IL-4, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or IFN-gamma. |
| 1987 | 9865738 | Pulse-chase studies in mice injected with IFN-alpha-producing cells showed that a proportion of proliferating CD8+ T cells survived for at least 70 days, suggesting that long-lived memory cells are induced using such an approach. |
| 1988 | 9878011 | Immunohistochemical staining was used to enumerate cytokine-producing cells (monokines: interleukin [IL]-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha; lymphokines: interferon-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-beta) in tissues obtained at autopsy from subjects with HPS. |
| 1989 | 9878081 | Since autoimmune responses to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are up-regulated in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), in this study GAD67-specific antibody, T cell proliferation and lymphokine production patterns were analysed in the adjuvant-treated mice to characterize the regulatory mechanisms underlying the protection. |
| 1990 | 9878081 | Upon in vitro stimulation with GAD67, draining lymph node and spleen cells from CFA-immunized NOD mice or syngeneic islet-grafted and BCG-protected NOD mice produced much more IL-4, whereas there was no significant change in IFN-gamma production. |
| 1991 | 9886376 | CT inhibited IL-12-induced IFN-gamma secretion both in vivo and in vitro. |
| 1992 | 9886376 | This shift of the CT-induced immune response toward Th1 type was associated with TT-specific CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma and reduced levels of Th2-type cytokines (i.e., IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10). |
| 1993 | 9886376 | IFN-gamma secretion by TT-specific CD4+ T cells was also enhanced; however, Th2-type cytokine responses were predominant. |
| 1994 | 9886377 | We addressed the effects of two cytokines, IL-6 and IL-12, derived from APCs, for the development of mucosal IgA Ab responses following their nasal delivery with the protein vaccine tetanus toxoid (TT). |
| 1995 | 9886377 | Coadministration of IL-6 and IL-12 with TT did not enhance the mucosal or serum Ab responses over those seen with IL-12 alone. |
| 1996 | 9886377 | TT-specific CD4+ T cells from mice given TT with IL-6 or IL-12 produced higher levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10 than did those from control mice, but only negligible levels of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 1997 | 9886377 | In summary, both intranasal IL-6 and IL-12 induced serum Abs that protected mice from systemic challenge with TT, whereas only IL-12 induced mucosal S-IgA Ab responses. |
| 1998 | 9886383 | BmDC cultured under various conditions (granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) or GM-CSF plus IL-4 alone or in combination with Flt3 ligand, TNF-alpha, LPS, or CD40 ligand (CD40L)) were analyzed morphologically, phenotypically, and functionally and were tested for their ability to promote prophylactic and/or therapeutic antitumor immunity. |
| 1999 | 9886383 | Whereas cells cultured in GM-CSF alone were functionally immature, cells incubated with CD40L or LPS were mature BmDC, as evident by morphology, capacity to internalize Ag, migration into regional lymph nodes, IL-12 secretion, and alloantigen or peptide Ag presentation in vitro. |
| 2000 | 9924700 | Eleven of the 26 patients tested had evidence of an anti-STn TH1 antigen-specific T-cell response as determined by interferon-gamma, but not interleukin (IL)-4, production. |
| 2001 | 9973457 | Mucosally induced systemic T cell unresponsiveness to ovalbumin requires CD40 ligand-CD40 interactions. |
| 2002 | 9973457 | CD40 ligand (CD40L) gene-disrupted (CD40L-/-) mice were employed to examine the role of costimulatory signals via CD40L-CD40 interactions in mucosally induced tolerance. |
| 2003 | 9973457 | Further, cytokine analysis of splenic CD4+ T cells showed that both Th1-type (e.g., IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th2-type (e.g., IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10) responses were maintained in CD40L-/- mice orally immunized with OVA, whereas these cytokine responses in CD40L+/+ mice were significantly reduced. |
| 2004 | 9973457 | In addition, splenic CD4+ T cells from CD40L-/- mice orally immunized with OVA provided B cell help in Ag-specific Ab-forming cells when the cells were cultured with naive B cells in the presence of Ag and CD40L-transfected cell lines. |
| 2005 | 9973457 | In contrast, an identical culture condition containing splenic CD4+ T cells from orally tolerized CD40L+/+ mice did not exhibit helper activity. |
| 2006 | 9973457 | Taken together, these findings indicate that CD40L and CD40 interactions are essential for the induction of systemic T cell unresponsiveness to orally administered Ag. |
| 2007 | 9973465 | Lymphotactin (Lptn) is a C chemokine produced predominantly by NK and CD8-positive (CD8+) T cells including gammadelta TCR-positive (TCR+) intraepithelial lymphocytes. |
| 2008 | 9973465 | CD4-positive (CD4+) T cells isolated from mucosal compartments and spleens of mice intranasally immunized with OVA plus Lptn displayed higher OVA-specific proliferative responses and greater synthesis of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 than did CD4+ T cells from mice given OVA without Lptn. |
| 2009 | 9987172 | Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized intramuscularly with this vaccine were stimulated to secrete IFN gamma and IL-4 when exposed to PA in vitro. |
| 2010 | 9987178 | Development and in vitro characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing bovine leukemia virus gp51 in combination with bovine IL4 or IL12. |
| 2011 | 9987178 | Type 1 and type 2 immune responses are modulated by IL12 or IL4, respectively, at the time of lymphocyte priming. |
| 2012 | 9987178 | In this study recombinant cassettes were developed containing either the BLVenv gene alone or in combination with bovine IL4 or the two genes, p35 and p40, encoding bovine IL12. |
| 2013 | 9987178 | Transcription of recombinant BLVenv, bovine IL4, p35 and p40 was demonstrated by RT-PCR. |
| 2014 | 9987178 | Biologically active bovine IL4 expressed by vaccinia virus stimulated lymphoblast proliferation, B lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of CD40L, and inhibited IFN gamma secretion from PHA activated PBMC in a dose dependent fashion. |
| 2015 | 9987178 | Finally, bovine IL12 expression and biological function was confirmed by dose dependent induction of IFN gamma secretion by PHA activated PBMC and the moderate enhancement of lymphoblast proliferation. |
| 2016 | 9987178 | In conclusion, bovine IL12 and IL4 expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus in vitro clearly exhibited type 1-type 2 modulating properties. |
| 2017 | 9987178 | Development and in vitro characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing bovine leukemia virus gp51 in combination with bovine IL4 or IL12. |
| 2018 | 9987178 | Type 1 and type 2 immune responses are modulated by IL12 or IL4, respectively, at the time of lymphocyte priming. |
| 2019 | 9987178 | In this study recombinant cassettes were developed containing either the BLVenv gene alone or in combination with bovine IL4 or the two genes, p35 and p40, encoding bovine IL12. |
| 2020 | 9987178 | Transcription of recombinant BLVenv, bovine IL4, p35 and p40 was demonstrated by RT-PCR. |
| 2021 | 9987178 | Biologically active bovine IL4 expressed by vaccinia virus stimulated lymphoblast proliferation, B lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of CD40L, and inhibited IFN gamma secretion from PHA activated PBMC in a dose dependent fashion. |
| 2022 | 9987178 | Finally, bovine IL12 expression and biological function was confirmed by dose dependent induction of IFN gamma secretion by PHA activated PBMC and the moderate enhancement of lymphoblast proliferation. |
| 2023 | 9987178 | In conclusion, bovine IL12 and IL4 expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus in vitro clearly exhibited type 1-type 2 modulating properties. |
| 2024 | 9987178 | Development and in vitro characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing bovine leukemia virus gp51 in combination with bovine IL4 or IL12. |
| 2025 | 9987178 | Type 1 and type 2 immune responses are modulated by IL12 or IL4, respectively, at the time of lymphocyte priming. |
| 2026 | 9987178 | In this study recombinant cassettes were developed containing either the BLVenv gene alone or in combination with bovine IL4 or the two genes, p35 and p40, encoding bovine IL12. |
| 2027 | 9987178 | Transcription of recombinant BLVenv, bovine IL4, p35 and p40 was demonstrated by RT-PCR. |
| 2028 | 9987178 | Biologically active bovine IL4 expressed by vaccinia virus stimulated lymphoblast proliferation, B lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of CD40L, and inhibited IFN gamma secretion from PHA activated PBMC in a dose dependent fashion. |
| 2029 | 9987178 | Finally, bovine IL12 expression and biological function was confirmed by dose dependent induction of IFN gamma secretion by PHA activated PBMC and the moderate enhancement of lymphoblast proliferation. |
| 2030 | 9987178 | In conclusion, bovine IL12 and IL4 expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus in vitro clearly exhibited type 1-type 2 modulating properties. |
| 2031 | 9987178 | Development and in vitro characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing bovine leukemia virus gp51 in combination with bovine IL4 or IL12. |
| 2032 | 9987178 | Type 1 and type 2 immune responses are modulated by IL12 or IL4, respectively, at the time of lymphocyte priming. |
| 2033 | 9987178 | In this study recombinant cassettes were developed containing either the BLVenv gene alone or in combination with bovine IL4 or the two genes, p35 and p40, encoding bovine IL12. |
| 2034 | 9987178 | Transcription of recombinant BLVenv, bovine IL4, p35 and p40 was demonstrated by RT-PCR. |
| 2035 | 9987178 | Biologically active bovine IL4 expressed by vaccinia virus stimulated lymphoblast proliferation, B lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of CD40L, and inhibited IFN gamma secretion from PHA activated PBMC in a dose dependent fashion. |
| 2036 | 9987178 | Finally, bovine IL12 expression and biological function was confirmed by dose dependent induction of IFN gamma secretion by PHA activated PBMC and the moderate enhancement of lymphoblast proliferation. |
| 2037 | 9987178 | In conclusion, bovine IL12 and IL4 expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus in vitro clearly exhibited type 1-type 2 modulating properties. |
| 2038 | 9987178 | Development and in vitro characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing bovine leukemia virus gp51 in combination with bovine IL4 or IL12. |
| 2039 | 9987178 | Type 1 and type 2 immune responses are modulated by IL12 or IL4, respectively, at the time of lymphocyte priming. |
| 2040 | 9987178 | In this study recombinant cassettes were developed containing either the BLVenv gene alone or in combination with bovine IL4 or the two genes, p35 and p40, encoding bovine IL12. |
| 2041 | 9987178 | Transcription of recombinant BLVenv, bovine IL4, p35 and p40 was demonstrated by RT-PCR. |
| 2042 | 9987178 | Biologically active bovine IL4 expressed by vaccinia virus stimulated lymphoblast proliferation, B lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of CD40L, and inhibited IFN gamma secretion from PHA activated PBMC in a dose dependent fashion. |
| 2043 | 9987178 | Finally, bovine IL12 expression and biological function was confirmed by dose dependent induction of IFN gamma secretion by PHA activated PBMC and the moderate enhancement of lymphoblast proliferation. |
| 2044 | 9987178 | In conclusion, bovine IL12 and IL4 expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus in vitro clearly exhibited type 1-type 2 modulating properties. |
| 2045 | 9987178 | Development and in vitro characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing bovine leukemia virus gp51 in combination with bovine IL4 or IL12. |
| 2046 | 9987178 | Type 1 and type 2 immune responses are modulated by IL12 or IL4, respectively, at the time of lymphocyte priming. |
| 2047 | 9987178 | In this study recombinant cassettes were developed containing either the BLVenv gene alone or in combination with bovine IL4 or the two genes, p35 and p40, encoding bovine IL12. |
| 2048 | 9987178 | Transcription of recombinant BLVenv, bovine IL4, p35 and p40 was demonstrated by RT-PCR. |
| 2049 | 9987178 | Biologically active bovine IL4 expressed by vaccinia virus stimulated lymphoblast proliferation, B lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of CD40L, and inhibited IFN gamma secretion from PHA activated PBMC in a dose dependent fashion. |
| 2050 | 9987178 | Finally, bovine IL12 expression and biological function was confirmed by dose dependent induction of IFN gamma secretion by PHA activated PBMC and the moderate enhancement of lymphoblast proliferation. |
| 2051 | 9987178 | In conclusion, bovine IL12 and IL4 expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus in vitro clearly exhibited type 1-type 2 modulating properties. |
| 2052 | 9988446 | Mononuclear cell cytokine responses to house-dust mite were measured at 6-monthly intervals from birth to 2 years of age, using ELISA (IL-10, IL-13, IFN-gamma) and sqRT/PCR (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IFN-gamma) in normal infants (n = 14) with no family history or allergic symptoms, and infants with a family history and definite atopy by 2 years (n = 16). |
| 2053 | 10037196 | Here, we demonstrate that functional DCs can be generated from peripheral blood of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by culture of monocytes/macrophages (CD14+) in autologous serum containing medium (RPMI) in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin (IL) 4. |
| 2054 | 10037196 | A synergistic effect of DC-TuLy and IL-2 in stimulating a T cell-dependent immune response was demonstrated by: (a) the increase of growth expansion of TILs (9.4-14.3-fold; day 21); (b) the up-regulation of the CD3+ CD56- TcR+ (both CD4+ and CD8+) cell population; (c) the augmentation of T cell-restricted autologous tumor lysis; and (d) the enhancement of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-6 mRNA expression by TILs. |
| 2055 | 10048771 | To further engineer the immune response in vivo, we investigated the induction and regulation of immune responses from the codelivery of Thl cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2] and IL-12), Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) genes along with a DNA vaccine construct encoding for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag/pol proteins. |
| 2056 | 10048771 | We observed that coinjection with IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and GM-CSF resulted in increased levels of antigen-specific antibodies. |
| 2057 | 10048771 | We also observed that coadministration of IL-2, IL-12, and GM-CSF genes resulted in a dramatic enhancement of Th proliferation responses. |
| 2058 | 10048771 | To further engineer the immune response in vivo, we investigated the induction and regulation of immune responses from the codelivery of Thl cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2] and IL-12), Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) genes along with a DNA vaccine construct encoding for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag/pol proteins. |
| 2059 | 10048771 | We observed that coinjection with IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and GM-CSF resulted in increased levels of antigen-specific antibodies. |
| 2060 | 10048771 | We also observed that coadministration of IL-2, IL-12, and GM-CSF genes resulted in a dramatic enhancement of Th proliferation responses. |
| 2061 | 10067692 | Restimulated immune lymphoid cells from mice which received both agents showed enhanced production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and reduced secretion of IL-4. |
| 2062 | 10067692 | However, administration of DNA vaccine with IL-15 and IL-2 or IL-12 expression plasmids did not alter the effect of IL-15 expression plasmid on the DNA vaccine. |
| 2063 | 10067692 | These results indicate that intranasal administration of DNA vaccine and IL-15 expression plasmid is capable of enhancing the T helper type 1 (Th1) dependent HIV-1-specific cell-mediated immunity, and that the IL-15 and IL-2 or IL-12 expression plasmids may not have a synergistic effect on the immune response induced by DNA vaccine in vivo. |
| 2064 | 10072509 | IL-4 plays a clear role as an inhibitor of CD4+ Th1 cells; however, its role in CD8+ T cell regulation appears to be more complex. |
| 2065 | 10072509 | Thus, IL-4 may augment CD8+ T cell growth, but also limit effector function. |
| 2066 | 10072509 | This report investigates these disparate roles of IL-4 in CD8+ T lymphocyte regulation by comparing T cell responses specific for a single HIV-IIIIB gp120-derived epitope in BALB/c mice deficient in IL-4 to those in wild-type controls. |
| 2067 | 10072509 | Secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells from IL-4-deficient mice was also elevated, reflecting their enhanced activation. |
| 2068 | 10072509 | Thus, IL-4 appears to limit the activation, expansion, and differentiation of CD8+ T cells with high cytolytic potential. |
| 2069 | 10072509 | IL-4 plays a clear role as an inhibitor of CD4+ Th1 cells; however, its role in CD8+ T cell regulation appears to be more complex. |
| 2070 | 10072509 | Thus, IL-4 may augment CD8+ T cell growth, but also limit effector function. |
| 2071 | 10072509 | This report investigates these disparate roles of IL-4 in CD8+ T lymphocyte regulation by comparing T cell responses specific for a single HIV-IIIIB gp120-derived epitope in BALB/c mice deficient in IL-4 to those in wild-type controls. |
| 2072 | 10072509 | Secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells from IL-4-deficient mice was also elevated, reflecting their enhanced activation. |
| 2073 | 10072509 | Thus, IL-4 appears to limit the activation, expansion, and differentiation of CD8+ T cells with high cytolytic potential. |
| 2074 | 10072509 | IL-4 plays a clear role as an inhibitor of CD4+ Th1 cells; however, its role in CD8+ T cell regulation appears to be more complex. |
| 2075 | 10072509 | Thus, IL-4 may augment CD8+ T cell growth, but also limit effector function. |
| 2076 | 10072509 | This report investigates these disparate roles of IL-4 in CD8+ T lymphocyte regulation by comparing T cell responses specific for a single HIV-IIIIB gp120-derived epitope in BALB/c mice deficient in IL-4 to those in wild-type controls. |
| 2077 | 10072509 | Secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells from IL-4-deficient mice was also elevated, reflecting their enhanced activation. |
| 2078 | 10072509 | Thus, IL-4 appears to limit the activation, expansion, and differentiation of CD8+ T cells with high cytolytic potential. |
| 2079 | 10072509 | IL-4 plays a clear role as an inhibitor of CD4+ Th1 cells; however, its role in CD8+ T cell regulation appears to be more complex. |
| 2080 | 10072509 | Thus, IL-4 may augment CD8+ T cell growth, but also limit effector function. |
| 2081 | 10072509 | This report investigates these disparate roles of IL-4 in CD8+ T lymphocyte regulation by comparing T cell responses specific for a single HIV-IIIIB gp120-derived epitope in BALB/c mice deficient in IL-4 to those in wild-type controls. |
| 2082 | 10072509 | Secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells from IL-4-deficient mice was also elevated, reflecting their enhanced activation. |
| 2083 | 10072509 | Thus, IL-4 appears to limit the activation, expansion, and differentiation of CD8+ T cells with high cytolytic potential. |
| 2084 | 10072509 | IL-4 plays a clear role as an inhibitor of CD4+ Th1 cells; however, its role in CD8+ T cell regulation appears to be more complex. |
| 2085 | 10072509 | Thus, IL-4 may augment CD8+ T cell growth, but also limit effector function. |
| 2086 | 10072509 | This report investigates these disparate roles of IL-4 in CD8+ T lymphocyte regulation by comparing T cell responses specific for a single HIV-IIIIB gp120-derived epitope in BALB/c mice deficient in IL-4 to those in wild-type controls. |
| 2087 | 10072509 | Secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells from IL-4-deficient mice was also elevated, reflecting their enhanced activation. |
| 2088 | 10072509 | Thus, IL-4 appears to limit the activation, expansion, and differentiation of CD8+ T cells with high cytolytic potential. |
| 2089 | 10072541 | IL-12 gene as a DNA vaccine adjuvant in a herpes mouse model: IL-12 enhances Th1-type CD4+ T cell-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus-2 challenge. |
| 2090 | 10072541 | In contrast, Th cell proliferative responses and secretion of cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and chemokines (RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha) were significantly increased by IL-12 coinjection. |
| 2091 | 10072541 | However, the production of cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and chemokine (MCP-1) was inhibited by IL-12 coinjection. |
| 2092 | 10072541 | Thus, IL-12 cDNA as a DNA vaccine adjuvant drives Ag-specific Th1 type CD4+ T cell responses that result in reduced HSV-2-derived morbidity as well as mortality. |
| 2093 | 10073728 | In order to determine the effects of various cytokines on long-term protection against the influenza virus, mice were intramuscularly coinoculated with plasmids that encoded either the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-12 (IL-12), or the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene, in the presence of two plasmids that encoded the nucleoprotein (NP) and the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the influenza A virus. |
| 2094 | 10073728 | The coadministration of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 transiently enhanced antibody responses against influenza virus in early time points (4 to 7 week post immunization) after post inoculation. |
| 2095 | 10073728 | Mice that received either the IL-12 or the IL-6 gene had enhanced NP-specific CTL responses. |
| 2096 | 10073728 | In order to determine the effects of various cytokines on long-term protection against the influenza virus, mice were intramuscularly coinoculated with plasmids that encoded either the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-12 (IL-12), or the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene, in the presence of two plasmids that encoded the nucleoprotein (NP) and the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the influenza A virus. |
| 2097 | 10073728 | The coadministration of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 transiently enhanced antibody responses against influenza virus in early time points (4 to 7 week post immunization) after post inoculation. |
| 2098 | 10073728 | Mice that received either the IL-12 or the IL-6 gene had enhanced NP-specific CTL responses. |
| 2099 | 10074183 | Antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) T-helper (type 1-like) responses were detected in the DNA-immunized group, but only after the fourth immunization, and the rgp120/MF59 group generated both IFN-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) (type 2-like) responses that appeared after the third immunization. |
| 2100 | 10074183 | In contrast, rgp120/ISCOM-immunized animals rapidly developed marked IL-2, IFN-gamma (type 1-like), and IL-4 responses that peaked after the second immunization. |
| 2101 | 10074183 | Antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) T-helper (type 1-like) responses were detected in the DNA-immunized group, but only after the fourth immunization, and the rgp120/MF59 group generated both IFN-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) (type 2-like) responses that appeared after the third immunization. |
| 2102 | 10074183 | In contrast, rgp120/ISCOM-immunized animals rapidly developed marked IL-2, IFN-gamma (type 1-like), and IL-4 responses that peaked after the second immunization. |
| 2103 | 10077215 | We observed enhanced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity accompanied by increased secretion of IL-6, IFNgamma and GM-CSF. |
| 2104 | 10077215 | Enhanced IFNgamma but unchanged IL-4 secretion suggested a T-helper 1-mediated anti-tumor immune response. |
| 2105 | 10078605 | Mice infected with recombinant S. typhimurium had elevated IFN-gamma levels over non-recombinant S. typhimurium and placebo controls. but IL-4 and IL-5 levels were low and did not differ significantly between these groups. |
| 2106 | 10087178 | Antigen-specific and polyclonally induced T cell responses were analyzed in 10 HIV-infected individuals and in 14 controls by enumerating the numbers of tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced IFN-gamma-secreting cells (SC) and IL-4-SC using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. |
| 2107 | 10087178 | Cell depletion experiments indicated that this difference was related to an impairment of CD4(+) T-cell-mediated TT-specific IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 2108 | 10191208 | The role of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 in herpes simplex virus type 1 ocular replication and eye disease. |
| 2109 | 10191208 | To assess the relative effect of interleukin (IL)-2- and IL-4-dependent immune responses on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection, naive, vaccinated, and mock-vaccinated IL-20/0 and IL-40/0 knockout mice were challenged ocularly with HSV-1. |
| 2110 | 10191208 | Recombinant (r) IL-2 treatment of the IL-20/0 mice significantly reduced ocular HSV-1 replications, but rIL-4 treatment of IL-40/0 mice significantly increased ocular HSV-1 replications. |
| 2111 | 10191208 | Th1 (IL-2) cytokine responses may help protect mice against ocular HSV-1 challenge and reduce ocular HSV-1 replication. |
| 2112 | 10191208 | The role of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 in herpes simplex virus type 1 ocular replication and eye disease. |
| 2113 | 10191208 | To assess the relative effect of interleukin (IL)-2- and IL-4-dependent immune responses on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection, naive, vaccinated, and mock-vaccinated IL-20/0 and IL-40/0 knockout mice were challenged ocularly with HSV-1. |
| 2114 | 10191208 | Recombinant (r) IL-2 treatment of the IL-20/0 mice significantly reduced ocular HSV-1 replications, but rIL-4 treatment of IL-40/0 mice significantly increased ocular HSV-1 replications. |
| 2115 | 10191208 | Th1 (IL-2) cytokine responses may help protect mice against ocular HSV-1 challenge and reduce ocular HSV-1 replication. |
| 2116 | 10191213 | Influenza expansion resulted in specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production of 6%-20%, with less IL-4 production (0%-2%). |
| 2117 | 10191213 | IL-4 and IFN-gamma were produced mainly by memory cells of the CD45RO+ phenotype. |
| 2118 | 10191213 | IFN-gamma production was contributed by both CD4 and CD8 populations. |
| 2119 | 10191213 | Influenza expansion resulted in specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production of 6%-20%, with less IL-4 production (0%-2%). |
| 2120 | 10191213 | IL-4 and IFN-gamma were produced mainly by memory cells of the CD45RO+ phenotype. |
| 2121 | 10191213 | IFN-gamma production was contributed by both CD4 and CD8 populations. |
| 2122 | 10195637 | A novel influenza subunit vaccine composed of liposome-encapsulated haemagglutinin/neuraminidase and IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 2123 | 10195637 | This study was aimed at analyzing, in parallel, the humoral and cellular immune responses elicited in mice immunized with liposomal influenza A (Shangdong/9/93) subunit vaccines composed of haemagglutinin/neuraminidase (H3N2) and IL-2 or GM-CSF. |
| 2124 | 10195637 | The main findings were: (a) the combined liposomal vaccines consisting of encapsulated antigen and encapsulated cytokine, but not the free antigen, elicited a high titer of serum IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3 and IgM antibodies; (b) the combined liposomal vaccines were efficient following administration by the various routes, and induced a local (in lung) IgA response in i.n. vaccinated mice; (c) the liposomal vaccines triggered DTH and cytotoxic responses, as well as cytokine (mainly IL-4) production. |
| 2125 | 10201894 | We show that CD4 T cells are readily activated and produce IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4, characteristics of an uncommitted phenotype. |
| 2126 | 10203054 | If Ag-specific IFN-gamma and/or IL-4 as well as lymphoproliferative (LP) responses were found with the lack of a detectable IL-2 response, then protection was not observed. |
| 2127 | 10209035 | Hapten-specific, colonic patch T cells from both mouse groups exhibited a Th2 phenotype with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 production. |
| 2128 | 10209035 | TNBS colitis in normal mice treated with anti-IL-4 antibodies or in IL-4(-/-) mice was less severe than in either IFN-gamma+/+ or IFN-gamma-/- mice. |
| 2129 | 10209035 | Hapten-specific, colonic patch T cells from both mouse groups exhibited a Th2 phenotype with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 production. |
| 2130 | 10209035 | TNBS colitis in normal mice treated with anti-IL-4 antibodies or in IL-4(-/-) mice was less severe than in either IFN-gamma+/+ or IFN-gamma-/- mice. |
| 2131 | 10211787 | Using flow cytometric detection methods we observe alterations of the intracellular cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 at the single-cell level during the course of immunization. |
| 2132 | 10211787 | There was a strong increase of intracellular IFN-gamma and IL-2 characteristic for a Th1 cell type immune response after treatment with ACA125. |
| 2133 | 10216760 | Six nucleic acids distinguished between IL3 and IL4, three of which were predicted to be expressed as amino acids. |
| 2134 | 10225917 | Marked expression of gamma interferon mRNA was detected in the stomach of all protected mice, and 50% of these mice expressed interleukin 4 (IL-4) or IL-5 mRNA. |
| 2135 | 10228040 | These noncytolytic CD4+ T cells synthesize large quantities of type 2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 on stimulation with the autologous APC or tumor cells in an MHC class II-restricted manner. |
| 2136 | 10228040 | The supernatant factor also exhibits a marked inhibitory effect on the expression of the costimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86, by APC. |
| 2137 | 10228044 | Addition of IL-2 or IL-7, but not IL-4 or IL-12, also restored proliferation of acute PBMC stimulated with anti-CD3. |
| 2138 | 10233736 | While IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels did not differ significantly between the two groups, the level of IL-4 was found to be lower in the group given rBCG/IL-2. |
| 2139 | 10233736 | This resulted in a strong interferon-gamma:IL-4 ratio, suggesting a skewing of the immune response towards a Type 1 response. |
| 2140 | 10233736 | While IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels did not differ significantly between the two groups, the level of IL-4 was found to be lower in the group given rBCG/IL-2. |
| 2141 | 10233736 | This resulted in a strong interferon-gamma:IL-4 ratio, suggesting a skewing of the immune response towards a Type 1 response. |
| 2142 | 10233743 | In a murine model, we analysed the in vitro effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alone or combined with interleukin-4 (IL-4) or Flt3 ligand (Flt3-L) on the number, immunophenotype and functions of bone marrow-derived DC. |
| 2143 | 10233743 | In GM-CSF cultures, we have identified two populations based on their level of expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules: MHC-IIhi cells, exhibiting the typical morphology and immunophenotype of myeloid DC (CD11c+ 33D1+ DEC-205+ F4/80+), and MHC-IIlo cells, heterogeneous for DC markers (30% CD11c+; 50% 33D1+; DEC-205-; F4/80+). |
| 2144 | 10233743 | In contrast, after addition of IL-4 to GM-CSF, the two populations displayed a very similar phenotype (CD11c+ 33D1- DEC-205+ F4/80-), differing only in their expression levels of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules, and showed similar stimulatory activity in mixed leucocyte reaction. |
| 2145 | 10233743 | In a murine model, we analysed the in vitro effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alone or combined with interleukin-4 (IL-4) or Flt3 ligand (Flt3-L) on the number, immunophenotype and functions of bone marrow-derived DC. |
| 2146 | 10233743 | In GM-CSF cultures, we have identified two populations based on their level of expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules: MHC-IIhi cells, exhibiting the typical morphology and immunophenotype of myeloid DC (CD11c+ 33D1+ DEC-205+ F4/80+), and MHC-IIlo cells, heterogeneous for DC markers (30% CD11c+; 50% 33D1+; DEC-205-; F4/80+). |
| 2147 | 10233743 | In contrast, after addition of IL-4 to GM-CSF, the two populations displayed a very similar phenotype (CD11c+ 33D1- DEC-205+ F4/80-), differing only in their expression levels of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules, and showed similar stimulatory activity in mixed leucocyte reaction. |
| 2148 | 10233752 | In the present study, we were able to detect by Elispot analysis high frequencies of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-secreting B cells and mitogen-responsive interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or interleukin-4 (IL-4)-secreting T cells in peritoneum and spleen of human/BALB/c chimeric mice during the first 3 weeks after PBMC transfer. |
| 2149 | 10233752 | High numbers of TT-specific IFN-gamma-secreting T cells persisted in the peritoneum of vaccinated, but not of unvaccinated, animals during the entire observation period, but only low numbers of specific IL-4-secreting T cells were found in vaccinated mice. |
| 2150 | 10233752 | In the present study, we were able to detect by Elispot analysis high frequencies of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-secreting B cells and mitogen-responsive interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or interleukin-4 (IL-4)-secreting T cells in peritoneum and spleen of human/BALB/c chimeric mice during the first 3 weeks after PBMC transfer. |
| 2151 | 10233752 | High numbers of TT-specific IFN-gamma-secreting T cells persisted in the peritoneum of vaccinated, but not of unvaccinated, animals during the entire observation period, but only low numbers of specific IL-4-secreting T cells were found in vaccinated mice. |
| 2152 | 10321955 | Interestingly, though gamma-interferon (gammaIfn) and IL-10 were both secreted in response to stimulation by NS3 antigen, IL-2 was not. |
| 2153 | 10321955 | Lack of IL-2 induction was confirmed by a failure to amplify IL-2 mRNA upon NS3 antigen stimulation, whereas IL-4, IL-15, and gammaIfn mRNA were seen as early as 24 h. |
| 2154 | 10321955 | The predominance of IL-4 and IL-10 and the lack of IL-2 suggests that in vitro responses to at least some HCV antigens are biased towards a Th2 phenotype, which may be conducive to viral persistence. |
| 2155 | 10321955 | Interestingly, though gamma-interferon (gammaIfn) and IL-10 were both secreted in response to stimulation by NS3 antigen, IL-2 was not. |
| 2156 | 10321955 | Lack of IL-2 induction was confirmed by a failure to amplify IL-2 mRNA upon NS3 antigen stimulation, whereas IL-4, IL-15, and gammaIfn mRNA were seen as early as 24 h. |
| 2157 | 10321955 | The predominance of IL-4 and IL-10 and the lack of IL-2 suggests that in vitro responses to at least some HCV antigens are biased towards a Th2 phenotype, which may be conducive to viral persistence. |
| 2158 | 10352290 | The vaginal B cell response could further be enhanced by using the Th2-type cytokines IL-4 or IL-5 as genetic adjuvants concomitantly with the DNA vaccine before intranasal booster immunization with the recombinant vaccine. |
| 2159 | 10359214 | This response was augmented following the pretreatment of KS-CD80 cells with interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 2160 | 10359214 | Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-7, and IL-12 further increased T-cell expansion. |
| 2161 | 10361131 | We found that mixtures of irradiated cells expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus those expressing interleukin-4 (IL-4) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) protected mice against WEHI-3B-induced leukemias. |
| 2162 | 10361131 | When bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) obtained from mice that had been injected with irradiated, cytokine-expressing tumor cells were injected into tumor-bearing mice, the survival of the latter was significantly prolonged; the longest survival was observed in mice receiving BMMNCs containing an increased number of DCs from animals injected with a mixture of tumor cells expressing GM-CSF with those expressing IL-4. |
| 2163 | 10361131 | We found that mixtures of irradiated cells expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus those expressing interleukin-4 (IL-4) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) protected mice against WEHI-3B-induced leukemias. |
| 2164 | 10361131 | When bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) obtained from mice that had been injected with irradiated, cytokine-expressing tumor cells were injected into tumor-bearing mice, the survival of the latter was significantly prolonged; the longest survival was observed in mice receiving BMMNCs containing an increased number of DCs from animals injected with a mixture of tumor cells expressing GM-CSF with those expressing IL-4. |
| 2165 | 10367950 | However, both synthetic genes induced an equally strong and more pronounced Th2 response with higher IgG1/IgG2a and IFNgamma/IL-4 ratios than the wt.gp160 gene. |
| 2166 | 10382757 | Another important pre-erythrocytic malaria antigen, the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP), can induce protection in animal models of malaria, but knowledge of human T cell responses is limited to the identification of CD8 T cell epitopes, with no CD4 epitopes identified to date. |
| 2167 | 10382757 | A total of 50 naturally exposed Gambian adults were assessed to define 26 T cell epitopes in PfTRAP capable of inducing rapid IFN-gamma or IL-4 production, as assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot assays. |
| 2168 | 10383946 | Antigen-specific lympho-proliferative responses in vitro were reduced by 65% in the pretreated group; IL-5 and IL-4, but not IFN-gamma, production were markedly decreased in responder cells of lungs and spleens of nasally pretreated mice. |
| 2169 | 10383946 | In contrast, mucosal administration of rBet v 1-CTB conjugates prior to sensitization led to an up-regulation of allergen-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a, increased in vitro lympho-proliferative responses as well as augmented production of IL-5, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2170 | 10383946 | Antigen-specific lympho-proliferative responses in vitro were reduced by 65% in the pretreated group; IL-5 and IL-4, but not IFN-gamma, production were markedly decreased in responder cells of lungs and spleens of nasally pretreated mice. |
| 2171 | 10383946 | In contrast, mucosal administration of rBet v 1-CTB conjugates prior to sensitization led to an up-regulation of allergen-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a, increased in vitro lympho-proliferative responses as well as augmented production of IL-5, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2172 | 10384115 | A model for CD8+ CTL tumor immunosurveillance and regulation of tumor escape by CD4 T cells through an effect on quality of CTL. |
| 2173 | 10384115 | Regression was dependent on CD8 T cells, and recurrent tumors were resistant to CTL, had substantially reduced expression of epitope mRNA, but retained the gp160 gene, MHC, and processing apparatus. |
| 2174 | 10384115 | Unexpectedly, CD4 cell depletion protected mice from tumor recurrence, whereas IL-4 knockout mice, deficient in Th2 cells, did not show this protection, and IFN-gamma knockout mice were more susceptible. |
| 2175 | 10384115 | Purified CD8 T cells from CD4-depleted mice following tumor regression had more IFN-gamma mRNA and lysed tumor cells without stimulation ex vivo, in contrast to CD4-intact mice. |
| 2176 | 10384115 | Thus, the quality as well as quantity of CD8+ CTL determines the completeness of immunosurveillance and is controlled by CD4 T cells but not solely Th2 cytokines. |
| 2177 | 10389910 | CTLs recognizing the HLA-A2.1-restricted, wild-type sequence p53 epitopes p53(149-157) and p53(264-272) were generated from CD8-enriched populations of nonadherent peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) obtained from healthy donors. |
| 2178 | 10389910 | The PBLs were restimulated in vitro with peptide-pulsed granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor- and interleukin (IL)-4-induced autologous dendritic cells in the presence of IL-6 and IL-12 and subsequently cultivated with IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-7. |
| 2179 | 10392620 | Splenic lymphocytes from mice immunized with replicons alone, or replicons plus recombinant ureB produced abundant interferon-gamma and no detectable interleukin-4 upon stimulation with recombinant ureB. |
| 2180 | 10395689 | We have addressed this central issue by using the radiation-attenuated cercariae vaccine in mice genetically engineered to exhibit highly polarized type 1 (IL-10/IL-4-deficient) or type 2 (IL-10/IL-12-deficient) cytokine and Ab phenotypes. |
| 2181 | 10395689 | This immunity in IL-10-deficient mice correlated with higher parasite-specific Ab titers, greater proliferative capacity of lymphocytes, increased frequency of IFN-gamma- and IL-4-secreting cells, elevated perivascular/peribronchial inflammatory responses in the lung, and greater in vitro schistosomulacidal capacity of parasite Ag-elicited cells. |
| 2182 | 10395689 | We have addressed this central issue by using the radiation-attenuated cercariae vaccine in mice genetically engineered to exhibit highly polarized type 1 (IL-10/IL-4-deficient) or type 2 (IL-10/IL-12-deficient) cytokine and Ab phenotypes. |
| 2183 | 10395689 | This immunity in IL-10-deficient mice correlated with higher parasite-specific Ab titers, greater proliferative capacity of lymphocytes, increased frequency of IFN-gamma- and IL-4-secreting cells, elevated perivascular/peribronchial inflammatory responses in the lung, and greater in vitro schistosomulacidal capacity of parasite Ag-elicited cells. |
| 2184 | 10395703 | Production of IFN-gamma, IL-3, and IL-5 by liver cells was also markedly reduced after i.n. treatment of CTB-Sm28GST, whereas IL-4 production was not impaired. |
| 2185 | 10403923 | Both Th1 and Th2 cytokines (interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-4) were lower in the spleens of the DNA-immunized animals compared with the protein-Ribi-immunized animals, possibly suggesting a different level of helper T cell response to the two different modes of immunization. |
| 2186 | 10411548 | Mice expressing lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein (LCMV-NP) as a transgene in their beta cells develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) only after LCMV infection. |
| 2187 | 10411548 | Inoculation of plasmid DNA encoding the insulin B chain reduced the incidence of IDDM by 50% in this model. |
| 2188 | 10411548 | The insulin B-chain DNA vaccination was effective through induction of regulatory CD4 lymphocytes that react with the insulin B chain, secrete IL-4, and locally reduce activity of LCMV-NP-autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the pancreatic draining lymph node. |
| 2189 | 10413189 | Serum has been analyzed for IgE, specific titers to Rubella vaccine, sCD25 (the soluble form of the IL2 receptor), sCD27 (the soluble form of the lymphocyte specific member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family), and IL4 (the cytokine interleukin 4). |
| 2190 | 10417149 | Predominance of CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells revealed by characterization of the cellular immune response generated by immunization with a DNA vaccine containing a Trypanosoma cruzi gene. |
| 2191 | 10417149 | As several studies provided strong evidence that during infection CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cytotoxic type 1 (Tc1) cells are important factors in host resistance, the present study was designed to evaluate which T-cell types were activated in DNA-vaccinated BALB/c mice. |
| 2192 | 10417149 | We found that bulk cells from DNA-immunized mice had CD4 and CD8 T cells that produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) but not interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-10. |
| 2193 | 10417149 | To characterize the TS-specific T cells at the clonal level, we generated CD4 and CD8 clones. |
| 2194 | 10417149 | We obtained cytotoxic CD4 clones of the Th1 type that secreted large amounts of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 2195 | 10417149 | Unexpectedly, we obtained other CD4 clones with a Th2 phenotype, secreting IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 2196 | 10417149 | All CD8 clones were cytotoxic and produced IFN-gamma. |
| 2197 | 10417149 | IL-4 and IL-10 were not secreted by these cells. |
| 2198 | 10417149 | The antiparasitic activity of a CD4 Th1 and a CD8 Tc1 clone was assessed in vitro. |
| 2199 | 10417149 | CD4 or CD8 T cells significantly inhibited T. cruzi development in infected macrophages or fibroblasts, respectively. |
| 2200 | 10417149 | We concluded that DNA vaccine efficiently generates potentially protective CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells specific for a T. cruzi antigen, therefore reinforcing the possibility of using this strategy for developing a preventive or therapeutic vaccine against Chagas' disease. |
| 2201 | 10417149 | Predominance of CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells revealed by characterization of the cellular immune response generated by immunization with a DNA vaccine containing a Trypanosoma cruzi gene. |
| 2202 | 10417149 | As several studies provided strong evidence that during infection CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cytotoxic type 1 (Tc1) cells are important factors in host resistance, the present study was designed to evaluate which T-cell types were activated in DNA-vaccinated BALB/c mice. |
| 2203 | 10417149 | We found that bulk cells from DNA-immunized mice had CD4 and CD8 T cells that produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) but not interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-10. |
| 2204 | 10417149 | To characterize the TS-specific T cells at the clonal level, we generated CD4 and CD8 clones. |
| 2205 | 10417149 | We obtained cytotoxic CD4 clones of the Th1 type that secreted large amounts of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 2206 | 10417149 | Unexpectedly, we obtained other CD4 clones with a Th2 phenotype, secreting IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 2207 | 10417149 | All CD8 clones were cytotoxic and produced IFN-gamma. |
| 2208 | 10417149 | IL-4 and IL-10 were not secreted by these cells. |
| 2209 | 10417149 | The antiparasitic activity of a CD4 Th1 and a CD8 Tc1 clone was assessed in vitro. |
| 2210 | 10417149 | CD4 or CD8 T cells significantly inhibited T. cruzi development in infected macrophages or fibroblasts, respectively. |
| 2211 | 10417149 | We concluded that DNA vaccine efficiently generates potentially protective CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells specific for a T. cruzi antigen, therefore reinforcing the possibility of using this strategy for developing a preventive or therapeutic vaccine against Chagas' disease. |
| 2212 | 10417149 | Predominance of CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells revealed by characterization of the cellular immune response generated by immunization with a DNA vaccine containing a Trypanosoma cruzi gene. |
| 2213 | 10417149 | As several studies provided strong evidence that during infection CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cytotoxic type 1 (Tc1) cells are important factors in host resistance, the present study was designed to evaluate which T-cell types were activated in DNA-vaccinated BALB/c mice. |
| 2214 | 10417149 | We found that bulk cells from DNA-immunized mice had CD4 and CD8 T cells that produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) but not interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-10. |
| 2215 | 10417149 | To characterize the TS-specific T cells at the clonal level, we generated CD4 and CD8 clones. |
| 2216 | 10417149 | We obtained cytotoxic CD4 clones of the Th1 type that secreted large amounts of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 2217 | 10417149 | Unexpectedly, we obtained other CD4 clones with a Th2 phenotype, secreting IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 2218 | 10417149 | All CD8 clones were cytotoxic and produced IFN-gamma. |
| 2219 | 10417149 | IL-4 and IL-10 were not secreted by these cells. |
| 2220 | 10417149 | The antiparasitic activity of a CD4 Th1 and a CD8 Tc1 clone was assessed in vitro. |
| 2221 | 10417149 | CD4 or CD8 T cells significantly inhibited T. cruzi development in infected macrophages or fibroblasts, respectively. |
| 2222 | 10417149 | We concluded that DNA vaccine efficiently generates potentially protective CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells specific for a T. cruzi antigen, therefore reinforcing the possibility of using this strategy for developing a preventive or therapeutic vaccine against Chagas' disease. |
| 2223 | 10417149 | Predominance of CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells revealed by characterization of the cellular immune response generated by immunization with a DNA vaccine containing a Trypanosoma cruzi gene. |
| 2224 | 10417149 | As several studies provided strong evidence that during infection CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cytotoxic type 1 (Tc1) cells are important factors in host resistance, the present study was designed to evaluate which T-cell types were activated in DNA-vaccinated BALB/c mice. |
| 2225 | 10417149 | We found that bulk cells from DNA-immunized mice had CD4 and CD8 T cells that produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) but not interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-10. |
| 2226 | 10417149 | To characterize the TS-specific T cells at the clonal level, we generated CD4 and CD8 clones. |
| 2227 | 10417149 | We obtained cytotoxic CD4 clones of the Th1 type that secreted large amounts of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 2228 | 10417149 | Unexpectedly, we obtained other CD4 clones with a Th2 phenotype, secreting IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 2229 | 10417149 | All CD8 clones were cytotoxic and produced IFN-gamma. |
| 2230 | 10417149 | IL-4 and IL-10 were not secreted by these cells. |
| 2231 | 10417149 | The antiparasitic activity of a CD4 Th1 and a CD8 Tc1 clone was assessed in vitro. |
| 2232 | 10417149 | CD4 or CD8 T cells significantly inhibited T. cruzi development in infected macrophages or fibroblasts, respectively. |
| 2233 | 10417149 | We concluded that DNA vaccine efficiently generates potentially protective CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells specific for a T. cruzi antigen, therefore reinforcing the possibility of using this strategy for developing a preventive or therapeutic vaccine against Chagas' disease. |
| 2234 | 10418905 | Cryostat sections of cornea were taken at different times after challenge and examined for infiltrating cells containing IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. |
| 2235 | 10418905 | By days 3-7, many cells containing IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but few cells containing IL-2, had infiltrated into the corneas of gG or mock vaccinated mice. |
| 2236 | 10418905 | At the same times, many cells containing IL-2, but few cells containing IL-4 or IFN-gamma, were seen in the corneas of gD vaccinated mice. |
| 2237 | 10418905 | In contrast, the corneas of mice vaccinated with gK contained large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. |
| 2238 | 10418905 | Our results suggest that: (1) corneas from gD vaccinated mice had no corneal disease and developed a response highly biased toward IL-2 responses; (2) corneas from gG or mock vaccinated eyes had significant corneal disease and developed a mostly IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine response; and (3) corneas from gK vaccinated mice had exacerbated corneal disease and developed strong IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses. |
| 2239 | 10418905 | Cryostat sections of cornea were taken at different times after challenge and examined for infiltrating cells containing IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. |
| 2240 | 10418905 | By days 3-7, many cells containing IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but few cells containing IL-2, had infiltrated into the corneas of gG or mock vaccinated mice. |
| 2241 | 10418905 | At the same times, many cells containing IL-2, but few cells containing IL-4 or IFN-gamma, were seen in the corneas of gD vaccinated mice. |
| 2242 | 10418905 | In contrast, the corneas of mice vaccinated with gK contained large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. |
| 2243 | 10418905 | Our results suggest that: (1) corneas from gD vaccinated mice had no corneal disease and developed a response highly biased toward IL-2 responses; (2) corneas from gG or mock vaccinated eyes had significant corneal disease and developed a mostly IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine response; and (3) corneas from gK vaccinated mice had exacerbated corneal disease and developed strong IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses. |
| 2244 | 10418905 | Cryostat sections of cornea were taken at different times after challenge and examined for infiltrating cells containing IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. |
| 2245 | 10418905 | By days 3-7, many cells containing IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but few cells containing IL-2, had infiltrated into the corneas of gG or mock vaccinated mice. |
| 2246 | 10418905 | At the same times, many cells containing IL-2, but few cells containing IL-4 or IFN-gamma, were seen in the corneas of gD vaccinated mice. |
| 2247 | 10418905 | In contrast, the corneas of mice vaccinated with gK contained large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. |
| 2248 | 10418905 | Our results suggest that: (1) corneas from gD vaccinated mice had no corneal disease and developed a response highly biased toward IL-2 responses; (2) corneas from gG or mock vaccinated eyes had significant corneal disease and developed a mostly IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine response; and (3) corneas from gK vaccinated mice had exacerbated corneal disease and developed strong IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses. |
| 2249 | 10418905 | Cryostat sections of cornea were taken at different times after challenge and examined for infiltrating cells containing IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. |
| 2250 | 10418905 | By days 3-7, many cells containing IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but few cells containing IL-2, had infiltrated into the corneas of gG or mock vaccinated mice. |
| 2251 | 10418905 | At the same times, many cells containing IL-2, but few cells containing IL-4 or IFN-gamma, were seen in the corneas of gD vaccinated mice. |
| 2252 | 10418905 | In contrast, the corneas of mice vaccinated with gK contained large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. |
| 2253 | 10418905 | Our results suggest that: (1) corneas from gD vaccinated mice had no corneal disease and developed a response highly biased toward IL-2 responses; (2) corneas from gG or mock vaccinated eyes had significant corneal disease and developed a mostly IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine response; and (3) corneas from gK vaccinated mice had exacerbated corneal disease and developed strong IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses. |
| 2254 | 10418905 | Cryostat sections of cornea were taken at different times after challenge and examined for infiltrating cells containing IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. |
| 2255 | 10418905 | By days 3-7, many cells containing IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but few cells containing IL-2, had infiltrated into the corneas of gG or mock vaccinated mice. |
| 2256 | 10418905 | At the same times, many cells containing IL-2, but few cells containing IL-4 or IFN-gamma, were seen in the corneas of gD vaccinated mice. |
| 2257 | 10418905 | In contrast, the corneas of mice vaccinated with gK contained large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. |
| 2258 | 10418905 | Our results suggest that: (1) corneas from gD vaccinated mice had no corneal disease and developed a response highly biased toward IL-2 responses; (2) corneas from gG or mock vaccinated eyes had significant corneal disease and developed a mostly IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine response; and (3) corneas from gK vaccinated mice had exacerbated corneal disease and developed strong IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses. |
| 2259 | 10430099 | We have recently demonstrated that a synthetic vaccine representing five copies of the MUC1 tandem repeat peptide can be used to prime MUC1-specific human CD4+ T cells in vitro. |
| 2260 | 10430099 | Immunization induced MUC1-specific IFN-gamma but not interleukin 4 expression in CD4+ T cells from PBMCs and draining lymph nodes. |
| 2261 | 10432071 | Taking proliferation and/or cytokine (interferon-gamma and interleukin-4) production as a measure of T cell activation, eight of the EB200-derived peptides induced responses in > 40% of the donors tested. |
| 2262 | 10435108 | Activity and safety of DNA plasmids encoding IL-4 and IFN gamma. |
| 2263 | 10435108 | We examined whether plasmids encoding the Th1 cytokine IFN gamma (pIFN gamma) or the Th2 cytokine IL-4 (pIL-4) have long-term effects on immune homeostasis when administered to adult mice, or alter immune maturation in neonates. |
| 2264 | 10435108 | Activity and safety of DNA plasmids encoding IL-4 and IFN gamma. |
| 2265 | 10435108 | We examined whether plasmids encoding the Th1 cytokine IFN gamma (pIFN gamma) or the Th2 cytokine IL-4 (pIL-4) have long-term effects on immune homeostasis when administered to adult mice, or alter immune maturation in neonates. |
| 2266 | 10438927 | Vaccination induced type 2 T cell polarization in both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte subsets. |
| 2267 | 10438927 | CD8+ lymphocytes from IL-4-vaccinated IFN-gamma knockout (KO), but not from IL-4 KO, mice cured lung metastases, thus indicating that IL-4 produced by Tc2 cells was instrumental for tumor rejection. |
| 2268 | 10447773 | Although MSP119 alone could induce a small but detectable T-cell response, which included interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion, this response was significantly increased by the presence of IL-2. |
| 2269 | 10447773 | In addition, IL-4 was shown to synergize with IL-2 for the induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses. |
| 2270 | 10447773 | If interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-12, or neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody was present at the time of priming, the T-cell responses were abolished. |
| 2271 | 10447773 | Parasite-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) could be detected after secondary restimulation with MSP119, IL-10 and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody in cultures containing MSP119 primed T cells, autologous B cells, IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 2272 | 10447773 | Although MSP119 alone could induce a small but detectable T-cell response, which included interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion, this response was significantly increased by the presence of IL-2. |
| 2273 | 10447773 | In addition, IL-4 was shown to synergize with IL-2 for the induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses. |
| 2274 | 10447773 | If interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-12, or neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody was present at the time of priming, the T-cell responses were abolished. |
| 2275 | 10447773 | Parasite-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) could be detected after secondary restimulation with MSP119, IL-10 and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody in cultures containing MSP119 primed T cells, autologous B cells, IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 2276 | 10447773 | Although MSP119 alone could induce a small but detectable T-cell response, which included interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion, this response was significantly increased by the presence of IL-2. |
| 2277 | 10447773 | In addition, IL-4 was shown to synergize with IL-2 for the induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses. |
| 2278 | 10447773 | If interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-12, or neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody was present at the time of priming, the T-cell responses were abolished. |
| 2279 | 10447773 | Parasite-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) could be detected after secondary restimulation with MSP119, IL-10 and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody in cultures containing MSP119 primed T cells, autologous B cells, IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 2280 | 10447773 | Although MSP119 alone could induce a small but detectable T-cell response, which included interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion, this response was significantly increased by the presence of IL-2. |
| 2281 | 10447773 | In addition, IL-4 was shown to synergize with IL-2 for the induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses. |
| 2282 | 10447773 | If interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-12, or neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody was present at the time of priming, the T-cell responses were abolished. |
| 2283 | 10447773 | Parasite-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) could be detected after secondary restimulation with MSP119, IL-10 and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody in cultures containing MSP119 primed T cells, autologous B cells, IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 2284 | 10456874 | Supernatants from rHag B-stimulated splenic lymphoid cell cultures from immunized rats contained high levels of gamma interferon, followed by interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and then IL-4. |
| 2285 | 10456906 | Immunization of mice with recombinant TolT generates a population of CD4(+) T lymphocytes that recognize T. cruzi-infected macrophages, resulting in the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which leads to NO production and a 50 to 60% reduction in parasite numbers compared to that seen with infected macrophages incubated with naive T cells. |
| 2286 | 10456906 | This population of T cells also produces both IFN-gamma and interleukin 2 (IL-2) but not IL-4 or IL-5 when incubated with spleen cells stimulated with TolT antigen, indicating that they are of the T-helper 1 type. |
| 2287 | 10457199 | Expression of IFN-gamma or TNF was protective. |
| 2288 | 10457199 | Interleukin-4 exacerbation was T cell independent and was reflected in the failure of macrophage activation, possibly due to suppression of NK cells, which are a source of IFN-gamma early in infection. |
| 2289 | 10462233 | Low doses of IL-12 (10 ng) reduced IL-4 and IL-5 secretion (but did not affect IL-10 production) and decreased inflammatory signs whereas high doses of IL-12 had no effects. |
| 2290 | 10473523 | Cytokine reconstitution experiments demonstrated that while addition of recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) plus anti-IL-4 restored PPD-specific responses in the NN group, it had no effect in the PN group. |
| 2291 | 10477587 | CD40-CD40 ligand costimulation is required for generating antiviral CD4 T cell responses but is dispensable for CD8 T cell responses. |
| 2292 | 10477587 | This study documents a striking dichotomy between CD4 and CD8 T cells in terms of their requirements for CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) costimulation. |
| 2293 | 10477587 | CD40L-deficient (-/-) mice made potent virus-specific CD8 T cell responses to dominant as well as subdominant epitopes following infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. |
| 2294 | 10477587 | There were 10-fold fewer virus-specific CD4 T cells in CD40L-/- mice compared with those in CD40L+/+ mice, and this inhibition was seen for both Th1 (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) responses. |
| 2295 | 10482309 | Recent studies have indicated that type 1 T cell responses (potent interferon-gamma and cytolytic responses, with absence of interleukin-4 production) are important for protective immunity against mycobacteria. |
| 2296 | 10501236 | Enhanced production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and complete absence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in splenocytes of pCMXENV-immunized mice on restimulation with JEV antigens in vitro indicated that the protection is likely to be mediated by T helper (Th) lymphocytes of the Th1 sub-type. |
| 2297 | 10501247 | The fully protective aqueous vaccine group produced higher levels of interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) than the water-in-oil vaccine group following a live parasite challenge infection. |
| 2298 | 10501247 | Furthermore, mice vaccinated with the aqueous vaccine displayed prolonged IFNgamma and IL-4 response as compared to mice that received the same antigens without adjuvants. |
| 2299 | 10501247 | These data support the hypothesis that both the Th1 cytokine IFNgamma, and the Th2 cytokine IL-4 are modulated by the vaccine vehicle and adjuvant used for vaccination, thus possibly affecting expression of protective immune responses. |
| 2300 | 10501247 | The fully protective aqueous vaccine group produced higher levels of interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) than the water-in-oil vaccine group following a live parasite challenge infection. |
| 2301 | 10501247 | Furthermore, mice vaccinated with the aqueous vaccine displayed prolonged IFNgamma and IL-4 response as compared to mice that received the same antigens without adjuvants. |
| 2302 | 10501247 | These data support the hypothesis that both the Th1 cytokine IFNgamma, and the Th2 cytokine IL-4 are modulated by the vaccine vehicle and adjuvant used for vaccination, thus possibly affecting expression of protective immune responses. |
| 2303 | 10501247 | The fully protective aqueous vaccine group produced higher levels of interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) than the water-in-oil vaccine group following a live parasite challenge infection. |
| 2304 | 10501247 | Furthermore, mice vaccinated with the aqueous vaccine displayed prolonged IFNgamma and IL-4 response as compared to mice that received the same antigens without adjuvants. |
| 2305 | 10501247 | These data support the hypothesis that both the Th1 cytokine IFNgamma, and the Th2 cytokine IL-4 are modulated by the vaccine vehicle and adjuvant used for vaccination, thus possibly affecting expression of protective immune responses. |
| 2306 | 10501612 | Whereas cells from mice infected only with T. spiralis produced the cytokine IL-4 and little or no IFNgamma when stimulated in vitro, cells from animals infected with T. spiralis and with trypanosomes released large amounts of IFNgamma but no IL-4. |
| 2307 | 10505110 | DC were derived from the adherent fraction of PBMC by culture in defined medium containing GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 2308 | 10505849 | Induced immunity by expression of interleukin-2 or GM-CSF gene in murine neuroblastoma cells can generate antitumor response to established tumors. |
| 2309 | 10505849 | For that purpose, we transduced low immunogenic C1300 cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2), GM-CSF, or IL-4 genes. |
| 2310 | 10505849 | A loss of tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice was observed using IL-2- and GM-CSF- but not IL-4-producing C1300 cells, although their in vitro growth rates were not affected by the transduction. |
| 2311 | 10505849 | The syngeneic mice that had rejected IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not develop tumors of wt cells inoculated subsequently, but formed tumors of irrelevant syngeneic mammary tumor cells. |
| 2312 | 10505849 | Accordingly, the inoculation of IL-2 or GM-CSF producers into immunocompetent mice generated tumor-specific acquired immunity. |
| 2313 | 10505849 | The induced immunity using IL-2 or GM-CSF producers was also effective in eradicating established subcutaneous tumors of wt cells and in reducing the number of preexisting metastatic foci in the liver. |
| 2314 | 10505849 | These data suggest a potential application of IL-2- or GM-CSF-producing syngeneic tumor cells for the treatment of low immunogenic neuroblastomas. |
| 2315 | 10505849 | Induced immunity by expression of interleukin-2 or GM-CSF gene in murine neuroblastoma cells can generate antitumor response to established tumors. |
| 2316 | 10505849 | For that purpose, we transduced low immunogenic C1300 cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2), GM-CSF, or IL-4 genes. |
| 2317 | 10505849 | A loss of tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice was observed using IL-2- and GM-CSF- but not IL-4-producing C1300 cells, although their in vitro growth rates were not affected by the transduction. |
| 2318 | 10505849 | The syngeneic mice that had rejected IL-2 or GM-CSF producers did not develop tumors of wt cells inoculated subsequently, but formed tumors of irrelevant syngeneic mammary tumor cells. |
| 2319 | 10505849 | Accordingly, the inoculation of IL-2 or GM-CSF producers into immunocompetent mice generated tumor-specific acquired immunity. |
| 2320 | 10505849 | The induced immunity using IL-2 or GM-CSF producers was also effective in eradicating established subcutaneous tumors of wt cells and in reducing the number of preexisting metastatic foci in the liver. |
| 2321 | 10505849 | These data suggest a potential application of IL-2- or GM-CSF-producing syngeneic tumor cells for the treatment of low immunogenic neuroblastomas. |
| 2322 | 10508191 | Antigen-specific lympho-proliferative responses in vitro were reduced by 65% in the pretreated group; IL-5 and IL-4 production were decreased in responder cells of lungs and spleens of nasally pretreated mice. |
| 2323 | 10508191 | In contrast, mucosal administration of rBet v 1-CTB conjugates prior to sensitization led to an up-regulation of allergen-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a, increased in vitro lympho-proliferative responses as well as augmented production of IL-5, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2324 | 10508191 | Antigen-specific lympho-proliferative responses in vitro were reduced by 65% in the pretreated group; IL-5 and IL-4 production were decreased in responder cells of lungs and spleens of nasally pretreated mice. |
| 2325 | 10508191 | In contrast, mucosal administration of rBet v 1-CTB conjugates prior to sensitization led to an up-regulation of allergen-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a, increased in vitro lympho-proliferative responses as well as augmented production of IL-5, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2326 | 10508258 | In contrast, most in vitro as well as in vivo human studies involve the use of DC generated from adherent peripheral blood-derived monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 2327 | 10510388 | Tumor regression after adoptive transfer of effector T cells is independent of perforin or Fas ligand (APO-1L/CD95L). |
| 2328 | 10510388 | Perforin- and Fas ligand (APO-1/CD95 ligand)-mediated cytotoxicity have been proposed as mechanisms for T cell-mediated tumor destruction. |
| 2329 | 10510388 | To determine the role of perforin and Fas ligand (FasL) in T cell-mediated tumor regression in a murine melanoma model, B16BL6-D5 (D5), we generated D5-specific effector T cells from tumor vaccine-draining lymph nodes of wild type (wt), perforin knock out (PKO), or FasL mutant (gld) mice and treated established D5 metastases in mice with the same genotype. |
| 2330 | 10510388 | Therapeutic T cells from wt, PKO, or gld mice exhibit a tumor-specific type 1 cytokine profile; they secrete IFN-gamma, but not IL-4. |
| 2331 | 10510390 | No increase in IL-4 or IL-10 was found in cell culture supernatants from either control or experimental groups. |
| 2332 | 10515123 | Initial rise of all splenic cytokines and serum anti-SEA IgE levels at 6 weeks p.i. was observed, followed by a dramatic drop in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-2, IFNgamma, IL-4 and TNF-alpha and IgE at 8 weeks of infection. |
| 2333 | 10515829 | Several epitopes in the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) were identified as targets of cultured interferon (IFN)-gamma-secreting CD4+ T cells. |
| 2334 | 10515829 | RTS,S-specific IFN-gamma-secreting effector T cells were induced in 8 subjects; this ex vivo response mapped to a single peptide in Th2R. |
| 2335 | 10515829 | CSP-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes were not detected. |
| 2336 | 10515829 | RTS, S-specific IFN-gamma production was universal, whereas interleukin-4 and -5 production was rare. |
| 2337 | 10525444 | Iscoms prominently enhance the antigen targeting, uptake, and activity of antigen presenting cells including dendritic and B cells and macrophages resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, above all interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-12. |
| 2338 | 10525444 | The expression of costimulatory molecules major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, B7.1 and B7.2, is also enhanced. |
| 2339 | 10525444 | Iscoms enhance the Th1 type of response with increased production of IL-2 and interferon gamma. |
| 2340 | 10525444 | IL-4, IL-2, and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) together with the beta chemokines MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta correlated with protection against challenge infection with a chimeric virus (simian immunodeficiency virus-human immunodeficiency virus). |
| 2341 | 10528174 | We also studied the possible impact of coinjection of plasmid DNA encoding rat cytokines IL-4, IL-10, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha with the ISS-containing DNA vaccine. |
| 2342 | 10528174 | Coinjection of IL-4-, IL-10-, or TNF-alpha-coding cDNA inhibited the suppressive effect of the DNA vaccine on EAE, whereas GM-CSF-coding cDNA had no effect. |
| 2343 | 10528174 | We also studied the possible impact of coinjection of plasmid DNA encoding rat cytokines IL-4, IL-10, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha with the ISS-containing DNA vaccine. |
| 2344 | 10528174 | Coinjection of IL-4-, IL-10-, or TNF-alpha-coding cDNA inhibited the suppressive effect of the DNA vaccine on EAE, whereas GM-CSF-coding cDNA had no effect. |
| 2345 | 10537336 | Selective in vivo mobilization with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/granulocyte-CSF as compared to G-CSF alone of dendritic cell progenitors from peripheral blood progenitor cells in patients with advanced breast cancer undergoing autologous transplantation. |
| 2346 | 10537336 | DCs develop from myeloid progenitor populations under the influence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and pass through an intermediate stage of maturation that is characterized by CD14 expression. |
| 2347 | 10537336 | PBPCs mobilized in 10 patients with GM-CSF for 1 week, followed by the combination of GM-CSF and G-CSF, were compared with those obtained from patients receiving G-CSF alone with respect to the presence of DC progenitors and the capacity to generate functionally active mature DCs. |
| 2348 | 10537336 | PBPCs mobilized with GM-CSF/G-CSF were markedly enriched for CD14+ DC progenitor cells as compared with those mobilized with G-CSF alone. |
| 2349 | 10537336 | Consistent with an immature progenitor population, the CD14+ cells express Ki-67 antigen but not nonspecific esterase. |
| 2350 | 10537336 | CD14+ cells purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from PBPCs mobilized with either regimen and cultured for 1 week in GM-CSF and interleukin-4 generated nearly pure populations of cells with characteristic DC phenotype and function. |
| 2351 | 10542989 | On admission serum cytokine levels of interleukins 4 and 10 (IL-4, IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were grossly raised in comparison with a matched control group (P < 0.001). |
| 2352 | 10542989 | Levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha fell (P < 0.001, P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) and levels of IFN-gamma rose more (P = 0.005) in immunotherapy recipients than in those receiving chemotherapy alone. |
| 2353 | 10542989 | On admission serum cytokine levels of interleukins 4 and 10 (IL-4, IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were grossly raised in comparison with a matched control group (P < 0.001). |
| 2354 | 10542989 | Levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha fell (P < 0.001, P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) and levels of IFN-gamma rose more (P = 0.005) in immunotherapy recipients than in those receiving chemotherapy alone. |
| 2355 | 10547417 | ELISA assays for IgM and IgG antibody responses as well as proliferation and cytokine release (IFN-gamma and IL-4) for T-cell responses were performed. |
| 2356 | 10547417 | Of these QS-21, MPL/DETOX and MoGM-CSF were uniformly effective at inducing potent proliferation and potent IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses against KLH while TiterMax and CpG ODN generated potent IFN-gamma responses but less potent proliferation or IL-4 release. |
| 2357 | 10547417 | There was a strong correlation between the antibodies induced against MUC1 and GD3 with different immunological adjuvants and the strength of the IFN-gamma release against KLH. |
| 2358 | 10547417 | ELISA assays for IgM and IgG antibody responses as well as proliferation and cytokine release (IFN-gamma and IL-4) for T-cell responses were performed. |
| 2359 | 10547417 | Of these QS-21, MPL/DETOX and MoGM-CSF were uniformly effective at inducing potent proliferation and potent IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses against KLH while TiterMax and CpG ODN generated potent IFN-gamma responses but less potent proliferation or IL-4 release. |
| 2360 | 10547417 | There was a strong correlation between the antibodies induced against MUC1 and GD3 with different immunological adjuvants and the strength of the IFN-gamma release against KLH. |
| 2361 | 10551332 | Pretreatment of PBMCs as a source of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with interferon (IFN)-gamma, or to some extent with IFN-alpha, but not with any of the other cytokines tested, augmented the peptide-induced CTL activity in HLA-A24 heterozygotes, but not in HLA-A24 homozygotes. |
| 2362 | 10551332 | This IFN-gamma-mediated augmentation was inhibited by either interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10. |
| 2363 | 10551332 | This IL-2-mediated activation of CTLs was inhibited by the addition of IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10 to the IL-2 culture. |
| 2364 | 10551332 | For further expansion of the CTLs, dendritic cells (DCs) induced from PBMCs with IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were required as APCs. |
| 2365 | 10551332 | These results indicate that IFN-gamma and IL-2 are important in the activation of APCs and CTLs, respectively, while GM-CSF and IL-4 are needed for the induction of DCs, which in turn are required for further expansion of mature CTLs. |
| 2366 | 10551332 | Pretreatment of PBMCs as a source of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with interferon (IFN)-gamma, or to some extent with IFN-alpha, but not with any of the other cytokines tested, augmented the peptide-induced CTL activity in HLA-A24 heterozygotes, but not in HLA-A24 homozygotes. |
| 2367 | 10551332 | This IFN-gamma-mediated augmentation was inhibited by either interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10. |
| 2368 | 10551332 | This IL-2-mediated activation of CTLs was inhibited by the addition of IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10 to the IL-2 culture. |
| 2369 | 10551332 | For further expansion of the CTLs, dendritic cells (DCs) induced from PBMCs with IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were required as APCs. |
| 2370 | 10551332 | These results indicate that IFN-gamma and IL-2 are important in the activation of APCs and CTLs, respectively, while GM-CSF and IL-4 are needed for the induction of DCs, which in turn are required for further expansion of mature CTLs. |
| 2371 | 10551332 | Pretreatment of PBMCs as a source of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with interferon (IFN)-gamma, or to some extent with IFN-alpha, but not with any of the other cytokines tested, augmented the peptide-induced CTL activity in HLA-A24 heterozygotes, but not in HLA-A24 homozygotes. |
| 2372 | 10551332 | This IFN-gamma-mediated augmentation was inhibited by either interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10. |
| 2373 | 10551332 | This IL-2-mediated activation of CTLs was inhibited by the addition of IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10 to the IL-2 culture. |
| 2374 | 10551332 | For further expansion of the CTLs, dendritic cells (DCs) induced from PBMCs with IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were required as APCs. |
| 2375 | 10551332 | These results indicate that IFN-gamma and IL-2 are important in the activation of APCs and CTLs, respectively, while GM-CSF and IL-4 are needed for the induction of DCs, which in turn are required for further expansion of mature CTLs. |
| 2376 | 10551332 | Pretreatment of PBMCs as a source of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with interferon (IFN)-gamma, or to some extent with IFN-alpha, but not with any of the other cytokines tested, augmented the peptide-induced CTL activity in HLA-A24 heterozygotes, but not in HLA-A24 homozygotes. |
| 2377 | 10551332 | This IFN-gamma-mediated augmentation was inhibited by either interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10. |
| 2378 | 10551332 | This IL-2-mediated activation of CTLs was inhibited by the addition of IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10 to the IL-2 culture. |
| 2379 | 10551332 | For further expansion of the CTLs, dendritic cells (DCs) induced from PBMCs with IL-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were required as APCs. |
| 2380 | 10551332 | These results indicate that IFN-gamma and IL-2 are important in the activation of APCs and CTLs, respectively, while GM-CSF and IL-4 are needed for the induction of DCs, which in turn are required for further expansion of mature CTLs. |
| 2381 | 10559323 | Priming with a secreted form of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) promotes interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 production but not pulmonary eosinophilia following RSV challenge. |
| 2382 | 10559323 | Splenocytes and lung lymphocytes from mice primed with VV-Ftm(-) produced significantly more of the Th2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 than did mice vaccinated with VV expressing either the native (membrane-anchored) form of the F protein or the G protein. |
| 2383 | 10559323 | Despite the increased IL-4 and IL-5 production and in contrast to mice primed with VV-G, mice primed with VV-Ftm(-) developed RSV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and maintained high levels of gamma interferon production. |
| 2384 | 10559323 | Priming with a secreted form of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) promotes interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 production but not pulmonary eosinophilia following RSV challenge. |
| 2385 | 10559323 | Splenocytes and lung lymphocytes from mice primed with VV-Ftm(-) produced significantly more of the Th2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 than did mice vaccinated with VV expressing either the native (membrane-anchored) form of the F protein or the G protein. |
| 2386 | 10559323 | Despite the increased IL-4 and IL-5 production and in contrast to mice primed with VV-G, mice primed with VV-Ftm(-) developed RSV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and maintained high levels of gamma interferon production. |
| 2387 | 10559323 | Priming with a secreted form of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) promotes interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 production but not pulmonary eosinophilia following RSV challenge. |
| 2388 | 10559323 | Splenocytes and lung lymphocytes from mice primed with VV-Ftm(-) produced significantly more of the Th2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 than did mice vaccinated with VV expressing either the native (membrane-anchored) form of the F protein or the G protein. |
| 2389 | 10559323 | Despite the increased IL-4 and IL-5 production and in contrast to mice primed with VV-G, mice primed with VV-Ftm(-) developed RSV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and maintained high levels of gamma interferon production. |
| 2390 | 10570193 | To better understand the role that CD4(+) T helper responses may play in mediating protection in this model, we characterized SIV-specific proliferative and cytokine responses in macaques immunized with live attenuated SIV strains. |
| 2391 | 10570193 | SIV-specific stimulation of lymphocytes from vaccinated macaques resulted in secretion of interferon-gamma, IL-2, regulated-upon-activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 2392 | 10570193 | Intracellular flow cytometric analysis documented that, in macaques vaccinated with SIVmac239Deltanef, up to 2% of all CD4(+)T cells were specific for SIV p55. |
| 2393 | 10579123 | Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells produce interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-beta, which activate macrophages and are responsible for cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte-dependent protective responses. |
| 2394 | 10579123 | By contrast, type 2 Th (Th2) cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, which are responsible for strong antibody production, eosinophil activation, and inhibition of several macrophage functions, thus providing phagocyte-independent protective responses. |
| 2395 | 10586074 | As a measure for the induction of a Th1 and/or Th2 response, we determined specific IgG subclasses and examined IFN-gamma, Il-4, and Il-5 induction. |
| 2396 | 10594563 | Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2397 | 10594563 | We have analysed the effects of cocaine, administered to mice during the in vivo differentiation of effector T cells stimulated by antigen (influenza virus) recognition, on the frequency of IL-2-, IL-4- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2398 | 10594563 | The distribution of IL-2-, IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was assayed on unseparated PR8-immune spleen cells, obtained from mice treated with cocaine or vehicle, and restimulated in vitro with UV-inactivated PR8 virus. |
| 2399 | 10594563 | In parallel, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. |
| 2400 | 10594563 | The results showed that cocaine, administered during the in vivo virus-induced differentiation of T cells, caused an increase of both the frequencies of CD8+ T cells singly and co-expressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma and the levels of these cytokines in virus-restimulated spleen cell culture supernatants, compared with those of untreated controls. |
| 2401 | 10594563 | In contrast, no effect was found on IL-4-positive CD8+ T cells and on IL-2-, IFN-gamma- and IL-4-positive CD4+ T cells. |
| 2402 | 10594563 | Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of cocaine may be due to the up-regulation of the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells with a type 0 cytokine profile. |
| 2403 | 10594563 | Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2404 | 10594563 | We have analysed the effects of cocaine, administered to mice during the in vivo differentiation of effector T cells stimulated by antigen (influenza virus) recognition, on the frequency of IL-2-, IL-4- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2405 | 10594563 | The distribution of IL-2-, IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was assayed on unseparated PR8-immune spleen cells, obtained from mice treated with cocaine or vehicle, and restimulated in vitro with UV-inactivated PR8 virus. |
| 2406 | 10594563 | In parallel, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. |
| 2407 | 10594563 | The results showed that cocaine, administered during the in vivo virus-induced differentiation of T cells, caused an increase of both the frequencies of CD8+ T cells singly and co-expressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma and the levels of these cytokines in virus-restimulated spleen cell culture supernatants, compared with those of untreated controls. |
| 2408 | 10594563 | In contrast, no effect was found on IL-4-positive CD8+ T cells and on IL-2-, IFN-gamma- and IL-4-positive CD4+ T cells. |
| 2409 | 10594563 | Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of cocaine may be due to the up-regulation of the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells with a type 0 cytokine profile. |
| 2410 | 10594563 | Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2411 | 10594563 | We have analysed the effects of cocaine, administered to mice during the in vivo differentiation of effector T cells stimulated by antigen (influenza virus) recognition, on the frequency of IL-2-, IL-4- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2412 | 10594563 | The distribution of IL-2-, IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was assayed on unseparated PR8-immune spleen cells, obtained from mice treated with cocaine or vehicle, and restimulated in vitro with UV-inactivated PR8 virus. |
| 2413 | 10594563 | In parallel, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. |
| 2414 | 10594563 | The results showed that cocaine, administered during the in vivo virus-induced differentiation of T cells, caused an increase of both the frequencies of CD8+ T cells singly and co-expressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma and the levels of these cytokines in virus-restimulated spleen cell culture supernatants, compared with those of untreated controls. |
| 2415 | 10594563 | In contrast, no effect was found on IL-4-positive CD8+ T cells and on IL-2-, IFN-gamma- and IL-4-positive CD4+ T cells. |
| 2416 | 10594563 | Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of cocaine may be due to the up-regulation of the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells with a type 0 cytokine profile. |
| 2417 | 10594563 | Effects of cocaine administration to influenza virus-immunized mice on cytokine profiles of individual splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2418 | 10594563 | We have analysed the effects of cocaine, administered to mice during the in vivo differentiation of effector T cells stimulated by antigen (influenza virus) recognition, on the frequency of IL-2-, IL-4- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 2419 | 10594563 | The distribution of IL-2-, IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was assayed on unseparated PR8-immune spleen cells, obtained from mice treated with cocaine or vehicle, and restimulated in vitro with UV-inactivated PR8 virus. |
| 2420 | 10594563 | In parallel, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. |
| 2421 | 10594563 | The results showed that cocaine, administered during the in vivo virus-induced differentiation of T cells, caused an increase of both the frequencies of CD8+ T cells singly and co-expressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma and the levels of these cytokines in virus-restimulated spleen cell culture supernatants, compared with those of untreated controls. |
| 2422 | 10594563 | In contrast, no effect was found on IL-4-positive CD8+ T cells and on IL-2-, IFN-gamma- and IL-4-positive CD4+ T cells. |
| 2423 | 10594563 | Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of cocaine may be due to the up-regulation of the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells with a type 0 cytokine profile. |
| 2424 | 10595741 | In an in vitro study, leukemic DCs were generated using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-4 from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized PBSC fraction of this patient, and were found to be Ph1+, and to possess the morphologic and phenotypic characteristics of mature DCs. |
| 2425 | 10600341 | We found that glutamine at an optimal concentration (0.6 mM) significantly enhanced PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation as well as Th1 [interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2)] and Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) production. |
| 2426 | 10600341 | Interestingly, addition of glutamine promoted the BCG-elicited Th1 cytokine response (IFN-gamma), but suppressed the measles-induced Th2 cytokine response (IL-10). |
| 2427 | 10605015 | Vaccination with heat-killed Listeria as adjuvant reverses established allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity and inflammation: role of CD8+ T cells and IL-18. |
| 2428 | 10605015 | Asthma is a respiratory disorder characterized by airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and inflammation and is associated with high serum IgE and overproduction of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 by allergen-specific Th2 cells. |
| 2429 | 10605015 | HKL as adjuvant also dramatically inhibited airway inflammation, eosinophilia, and mucus production, significantly reduced Ag-specific IgE and IL-4 production, and dramatically increased Ag-specific IFN-gamma synthesis. |
| 2430 | 10605015 | The inhibitory effect of HKL on AHR depended on the presence of IL-12 and CD8+ T cells and was associated with an increase of IL-18 mRNA expression. |
| 2431 | 10605015 | Vaccination with heat-killed Listeria as adjuvant reverses established allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity and inflammation: role of CD8+ T cells and IL-18. |
| 2432 | 10605015 | Asthma is a respiratory disorder characterized by airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and inflammation and is associated with high serum IgE and overproduction of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 by allergen-specific Th2 cells. |
| 2433 | 10605015 | HKL as adjuvant also dramatically inhibited airway inflammation, eosinophilia, and mucus production, significantly reduced Ag-specific IgE and IL-4 production, and dramatically increased Ag-specific IFN-gamma synthesis. |
| 2434 | 10605015 | The inhibitory effect of HKL on AHR depended on the presence of IL-12 and CD8+ T cells and was associated with an increase of IL-18 mRNA expression. |
| 2435 | 10614503 | With respect to IgA antibody production in the gut whereas IL-4 and TGF-beta have been implicated in isotype switching of precursor cells to IgA commitment, their subsequent localisation, proliferation and effector activity expression is dependent on IL-5 and IL-6 expression locally. |
| 2436 | 10614503 | Whereas IgA+ cells of the B2 lineage are IL-6 dependent but IL-5 independent, B1-derived IgA+ cells are IL-5 dependent and IL-6 independent. |
| 2437 | 10614729 | Beta-gal in alum induced IgG1 and IgE antibodies and the CD4+ T cells from these mice secreted interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5 but no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) after in vitro antigen stimulation. |
| 2438 | 10614729 | In contrast, mice immunized with pCMV-LacZ formed predominantly IgG2a antibodies and their CD4+ T cells secreted IFN-gamma but no IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 2439 | 10614729 | Boosting of mice primed with beta-gal in alum with pCMV-LacZ resulted in a 75% decrease in the IgE antibody titer within 6 weeks and IgG2a antibody formation and CD4+ T cells that secreted IFN-gamma in amounts similar to T cells from pDNA primed mice. |
| 2440 | 10614729 | As shown by adoptive cell transfer, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from pDNA immunized mice inhibited an IgE response to beta-gal in alum in the recipient mice. pDNA immunization also inhibited the eosinophilic infiltration of the lung of ovalbumin (OVA) immunized mice after OVA inhalation challenge in an animal model of the late phase reaction. |
| 2441 | 10614729 | IFN-alpha, IL-12). |
| 2442 | 10614729 | Beta-gal in alum induced IgG1 and IgE antibodies and the CD4+ T cells from these mice secreted interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5 but no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) after in vitro antigen stimulation. |
| 2443 | 10614729 | In contrast, mice immunized with pCMV-LacZ formed predominantly IgG2a antibodies and their CD4+ T cells secreted IFN-gamma but no IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 2444 | 10614729 | Boosting of mice primed with beta-gal in alum with pCMV-LacZ resulted in a 75% decrease in the IgE antibody titer within 6 weeks and IgG2a antibody formation and CD4+ T cells that secreted IFN-gamma in amounts similar to T cells from pDNA primed mice. |
| 2445 | 10614729 | As shown by adoptive cell transfer, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from pDNA immunized mice inhibited an IgE response to beta-gal in alum in the recipient mice. pDNA immunization also inhibited the eosinophilic infiltration of the lung of ovalbumin (OVA) immunized mice after OVA inhalation challenge in an animal model of the late phase reaction. |
| 2446 | 10614729 | IFN-alpha, IL-12). |
| 2447 | 10618531 | In infected mice, strong IL-2, weak IL-4, strong IL-6 and strong IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were induced during early days of infection; especially, IFN-gamma mRNA was expressed by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells around 7 days after infection. |
| 2448 | 10618531 | In mice given CTB*-combined vaccine, weak IL-2, strong IL-4, strong IL-6 and weak IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were induced during early days of vaccination; especially, IL-4 mRNA was expressed by CD4(+) T cells. |
| 2449 | 10618531 | In infected mice, strong IL-2, weak IL-4, strong IL-6 and strong IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were induced during early days of infection; especially, IFN-gamma mRNA was expressed by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells around 7 days after infection. |
| 2450 | 10618531 | In mice given CTB*-combined vaccine, weak IL-2, strong IL-4, strong IL-6 and weak IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were induced during early days of vaccination; especially, IL-4 mRNA was expressed by CD4(+) T cells. |
| 2451 | 10623812 | Vaccination with mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells coexpressing B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) discloses the dominant effect of B7-1 in the induction of antitumor immunity. |
| 2452 | 10623812 | Nonreplicating TS/A mammary adenocarcinoma cells expressing B7-2 (CD86) (TS/A-2) are more immunogenic than those expressing B7-1 (CD80) (TS/A-1), indicating that B7-1 and B7-2 display nonredundant costimulatory effects in inducing antitumor responses. |
| 2453 | 10623812 | The expression of B7-1 also modifies quantitatively the balance of endogenous IFN-gamma and IL-4 induced in vivo by TS/A-2 vaccines. |
| 2454 | 10623812 | In fact, we find that vaccination with TS/A-2/1 cells results in the production of more IFN-gamma and less IL-4 than TS/A-2 vaccines, a pattern comparable to that induced by TS/A-1 cells. |
| 2455 | 10623812 | Vaccination with mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells coexpressing B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) discloses the dominant effect of B7-1 in the induction of antitumor immunity. |
| 2456 | 10623812 | Nonreplicating TS/A mammary adenocarcinoma cells expressing B7-2 (CD86) (TS/A-2) are more immunogenic than those expressing B7-1 (CD80) (TS/A-1), indicating that B7-1 and B7-2 display nonredundant costimulatory effects in inducing antitumor responses. |
| 2457 | 10623812 | The expression of B7-1 also modifies quantitatively the balance of endogenous IFN-gamma and IL-4 induced in vivo by TS/A-2 vaccines. |
| 2458 | 10623812 | In fact, we find that vaccination with TS/A-2/1 cells results in the production of more IFN-gamma and less IL-4 than TS/A-2 vaccines, a pattern comparable to that induced by TS/A-1 cells. |
| 2459 | 10623847 | However, a role for IL-10, B7.1, and CD40 expression in Th2 response inhibition was suggested. |
| 2460 | 10623847 | The role of IL-10 was demonstrated in mice exhibiting combined deficiencies in IL-12 and IL-10. |
| 2461 | 10623847 | Here, a marked increase in egg-specific IL-4/IL-5-producing cells confirmed a role for both cytokines in Th2 response inhibition. |
| 2462 | 10623847 | However, in marked contrast to IL-12-deficient animals, a significant increase in IFN-gamma-producing cells likely explains the reduced Th2 response in IL-10/IL-12-deficient mice. |
| 2463 | 10623847 | Thus, a novel IL-12-independent type 1-inducing pathway was revealed in the combined absence of IL-12 and IL-10. |
| 2464 | 10623847 | Together, these data demonstrate 1) that the Th1-promoting activity of CpG DNA is controlled by IL-12 and IL-10, and 2) that Th2 response inhibition by CpG ODN involves IL-12-independent changes in IL-10 and costimulatory molecule expression. |
| 2465 | 10649615 | These antibody productions were enhanced by the combination with IL-4 or GM-CSF expressing plasmids. |
| 2466 | 10649615 | The mononuclear cells from spleen, intestinal lymph nodes, or Peyer's patches from VC1- and CT-immunized mice released IFN-gamma or IL-4, when these cells were co-cultured with VC1 antigen. |
| 2467 | 10649615 | These antibody productions were enhanced by the combination with IL-4 or GM-CSF expressing plasmids. |
| 2468 | 10649615 | The mononuclear cells from spleen, intestinal lymph nodes, or Peyer's patches from VC1- and CT-immunized mice released IFN-gamma or IL-4, when these cells were co-cultured with VC1 antigen. |
| 2469 | 10652120 | Increased expression of Th1 cytokines was first detected at 6 DPI (IL-2) and 8 DPI (IFN-gamma) and their peak levels were reached at 12 DPI. |
| 2470 | 10652120 | Increased expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) first appeared at 14 DPI, peaked at 20 DPI and Th2 cytokine levels were elevated till the end of the study (28 DPI). |
| 2471 | 10652120 | The results of the present study show that Th1 cytokines predominated in the early inflammatory response and might be involved in control of levels of acute parasitaemia whereas the Th2-associated responses, including expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and the production of parasite-specific IgG, might be the functional means for the reduction and clearance of the parasite from the body. |
| 2472 | 10652120 | Increased expression of Th1 cytokines was first detected at 6 DPI (IL-2) and 8 DPI (IFN-gamma) and their peak levels were reached at 12 DPI. |
| 2473 | 10652120 | Increased expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) first appeared at 14 DPI, peaked at 20 DPI and Th2 cytokine levels were elevated till the end of the study (28 DPI). |
| 2474 | 10652120 | The results of the present study show that Th1 cytokines predominated in the early inflammatory response and might be involved in control of levels of acute parasitaemia whereas the Th2-associated responses, including expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and the production of parasite-specific IgG, might be the functional means for the reduction and clearance of the parasite from the body. |
| 2475 | 10657678 | Production of IFN-gamma and IL-10 to Shigella invasins by mononuclear cells from volunteers orally inoculated with a Shiga toxin-deleted Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain. |
| 2476 | 10657678 | Preinoculation PBMC produced considerable quantities of IL-10 and IFN-gamma, probably secreted by monocytes and NK cells, respectively, of the innate immune system. |
| 2477 | 10657678 | Following inoculation, PBMC from 95 and 87% of volunteers exhibited an increased production of IFN-gamma and IL-10, respectively, in response to Shigella Ags. |
| 2478 | 10657678 | No IL-4 or IL-5 responses were detected. |
| 2479 | 10678904 | The cytokine response to Shigella-specific antigens observed in volunteers' PBMC following vaccination suggested a Th1 pattern with stimulation of gamma interferon and absence of interleukin 4 (IL-4) or IL-5. |
| 2480 | 10678951 | Conversely, during infection local production of IL-6 and IL-1ra was significantly greater in mice immunized with Pa than in those immunized with Pw. |
| 2481 | 10678951 | Furthermore, the levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-1ra in Pa-immunized IL-4(-/-) mice were comparable to those in mice immunized with Pw. |
| 2482 | 10678966 | Susceptibility of BALB/c mice to Leishmania major infection has been correlated to the preferential development of Th2 CD4 T cells through an early production of interleukin 4 (IL-4) by a restricted population of CD4 T cells which react to a single parasite antigen, LACK (stands for Leishmania homologue of receptors for activated C kinase). |
| 2483 | 10678966 | Experimental vaccination with LACK can redirect the differentiation of CD4(+) T cells towards the Th1 pathway if LACK is coadministrated with IL-12. |
| 2484 | 10678966 | After a single injection of LACK-expressing L. monocytogenes, IL-12/p40 transcripts showed a rapid burst, and peaks of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-secreting LACK-specific Th1 cells were detected around day 5 in the spleens and livers of mice of both strains. |
| 2485 | 10678966 | Thus, our results demonstrate that, in addition of its recognized use for the induction of effector CD8 T cells, L. monocytogenes can also be used as a live recombinant vector to favor the development of potentially protective IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 CD4 T lymphocytes. |
| 2486 | 10687150 | These transiently transduced dendritic cells, derived from melanoma patients' monocytes cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4, express the transgene and can stimulate patients' CD8+ T cells to elicit an antitumor immune response comparable to dendritic cells loaded with a defined peptide. |
| 2487 | 10689136 | The generation of DC from blood monocytes in response to GM-CSF and IL-4 treatment was similar in cells from young and old persons. |
| 2488 | 10689136 | The DC population thus obtained had a typical dendritic morphology and expressed DC surface markers, such as HLA class II, CD1a, CD11c, CD54, CD80 and CD86, but not CD14 for a period of up to three weeks in culture. |
| 2489 | 10689136 | DC from young and old persons produced IL-12 and TNF-alpha and responded equally well to maturation-inducing stimuli. |
| 2490 | 10689152 | No significant IL-4 secretion was observed in any subject, whereas the presence of IFN-gamma secretion was found to correlate with good responder status. |
| 2491 | 10692034 | Splenic T cells isolated from mice inoculated with pCACJ1 i.m. secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but not interleukin (IL)-4, in vitro upon stimulation with Cry j 1 as well as with p277-288, a peptide corresponding to the T-cell epitope of Cry j 1. |
| 2492 | 10692034 | Splenic T cells isolated from pCACJ1-innoculated mice by gene gun injection secreted both IFN-gamma and IL-4 in vitro, upon stimulation with Cry j 1 as well as with p277-288. |
| 2493 | 10692034 | Splenic T cells isolated from mice inoculated with pCACJ1 i.m. secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but not interleukin (IL)-4, in vitro upon stimulation with Cry j 1 as well as with p277-288, a peptide corresponding to the T-cell epitope of Cry j 1. |
| 2494 | 10692034 | Splenic T cells isolated from pCACJ1-innoculated mice by gene gun injection secreted both IFN-gamma and IL-4 in vitro, upon stimulation with Cry j 1 as well as with p277-288. |
| 2495 | 10699326 | Measurements of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in mouse spleen cell cultures restimulated in vitro with HSV-2 antigens showed that, depending on the form of HSV-2 antigen preparation used in this therapeutic context, changes in the levels of these cytokines could be effected. |
| 2496 | 10699330 | IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 gene expression in BCG-Leishmania vaccination of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice. |
| 2497 | 10699330 | These results indicate that the BCG-Leishmania vaccine stimulates the production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma, but inhibits that of IL-10 and is without effect on IL-4 when mice are infected with T. cruzi. |
| 2498 | 10699330 | This highlights the key role of endogenously produced IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-12 in the control of T. cruzi acute and chronic infection in mice and the favorable modulation of their balance by a vaccination combining BCG and Leishmania. |
| 2499 | 10699330 | IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 gene expression in BCG-Leishmania vaccination of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice. |
| 2500 | 10699330 | These results indicate that the BCG-Leishmania vaccine stimulates the production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma, but inhibits that of IL-10 and is without effect on IL-4 when mice are infected with T. cruzi. |
| 2501 | 10699330 | This highlights the key role of endogenously produced IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-12 in the control of T. cruzi acute and chronic infection in mice and the favorable modulation of their balance by a vaccination combining BCG and Leishmania. |
| 2502 | 10699333 | Transdermal delivery of Lkt or HEL induced strong polarized Th2 responses characterized by enhancement of antigen-specific IgG1 antibody subclass and predominant induction of antigen specific IL-4 over IFN-gamma in spleen and draining lymph nodes cells. |
| 2503 | 10699333 | Animals immunized by topical application of formulations containing antigen and IL-12 developed significantly lower antibody titres without significant changes in IL-4 or IFN-gamma secreting cells (SC) in the draining lymph nodes or spleen cells. |
| 2504 | 10699333 | Transdermal delivery of Lkt or HEL induced strong polarized Th2 responses characterized by enhancement of antigen-specific IgG1 antibody subclass and predominant induction of antigen specific IL-4 over IFN-gamma in spleen and draining lymph nodes cells. |
| 2505 | 10699333 | Animals immunized by topical application of formulations containing antigen and IL-12 developed significantly lower antibody titres without significant changes in IL-4 or IFN-gamma secreting cells (SC) in the draining lymph nodes or spleen cells. |
| 2506 | 10706700 | After 3 days of pGM-CSF injection, the increased percentages of CD11c+, CD8+ cells were observed in the regional lymph nodes. |
| 2507 | 10706700 | The importance of these S-100+ cells or both CD8+ and CD11c+ cells, especially that of dendritic cells (DCs), was also studied. |
| 2508 | 10706700 | DCs derived from bone marrow and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing IL-4 and GM-CSF were incubated with DNA vaccine and then transferred into naive mice. |
| 2509 | 10708463 | Rhesus macaques were coimmunized intramuscularly with expression plasmids bearing genes encoding Th1 (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon)- or Th2 (IL-4)-type cytokines and DNA vaccine constructs encoding human immunodeficiency virus Env and Rev and simian immunodeficiency virus Gag and Pol proteins. |
| 2510 | 10708463 | We observed that the cytokine gene adjuvants (especially IL-2 and IL-4) significantly enhanced antigen-specific humoral immune responses in the rhesus macaque model. |
| 2511 | 10708463 | Rhesus macaques were coimmunized intramuscularly with expression plasmids bearing genes encoding Th1 (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon)- or Th2 (IL-4)-type cytokines and DNA vaccine constructs encoding human immunodeficiency virus Env and Rev and simian immunodeficiency virus Gag and Pol proteins. |
| 2512 | 10708463 | We observed that the cytokine gene adjuvants (especially IL-2 and IL-4) significantly enhanced antigen-specific humoral immune responses in the rhesus macaque model. |
| 2513 | 10713654 | Although culture conditions are extremely diverse, the majority of protocols grow DCs in GM-CSF and either TNF-alpha and/or IL-4. |
| 2514 | 10713654 | The addition of other growth factors such as SCF and Flt-3 ligand can dramatically enhance DC recovery. |
| 2515 | 10715522 | The immune responses induced by each formulation were characterised by antigen specific total and subclass serum responses, and by lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine (interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)) production by in vitro restimulated spleen cells. |
| 2516 | 10715522 | Higher IgG2a and neutralising antibody levels, IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels and lymphoproliferative responses were noted in mice immunised with the HSV-2 ISCOM formulated vaccine preparation. |
| 2517 | 10715522 | Furthermore, although HSV-2 antigens formulated in dehydration-rehydration NISV, or entrapped in NISV by freeze-thawing at 30 degrees C (HSV-2 NISV 30), also elicited relatively high antibody, IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels and relatively high lymphoproliferative responses, formulation of HSV-2 antigens by freeze-thawing with NISV at 60 degrees C (HSV-2 NISV 60) did not. |
| 2518 | 10722593 | Despite this strong protective response, LPS purified from F. tularensis LVS did not activate murine B cells for proliferation or polyclonal immunoglobulin secretion, nor did it activate murine splenocytes for secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-12, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). |
| 2519 | 10725381 | Potent induction of long-term CD8+ T cell memory by short-term IL-4 exposure during T cell receptor stimulation. |
| 2520 | 10725381 | Using a MHC-compatible adoptive transfer system, we show here that a short, 3-day IL-4 but not IL-2 or IL-12 exposure during in vitro T cell receptor stimulation of naive CD8(+) T cells induced long-lasting in vivo memory. |
| 2521 | 10725381 | Such long-term memory CD8(+) T cells expressed antigen-specific cytotoxicity and the potential for IFN-gamma and IL-4 production. |
| 2522 | 10725381 | Potent induction of long-term CD8+ T cell memory by short-term IL-4 exposure during T cell receptor stimulation. |
| 2523 | 10725381 | Using a MHC-compatible adoptive transfer system, we show here that a short, 3-day IL-4 but not IL-2 or IL-12 exposure during in vitro T cell receptor stimulation of naive CD8(+) T cells induced long-lasting in vivo memory. |
| 2524 | 10725381 | Such long-term memory CD8(+) T cells expressed antigen-specific cytotoxicity and the potential for IFN-gamma and IL-4 production. |
| 2525 | 10725381 | Potent induction of long-term CD8+ T cell memory by short-term IL-4 exposure during T cell receptor stimulation. |
| 2526 | 10725381 | Using a MHC-compatible adoptive transfer system, we show here that a short, 3-day IL-4 but not IL-2 or IL-12 exposure during in vitro T cell receptor stimulation of naive CD8(+) T cells induced long-lasting in vivo memory. |
| 2527 | 10725381 | Such long-term memory CD8(+) T cells expressed antigen-specific cytotoxicity and the potential for IFN-gamma and IL-4 production. |
| 2528 | 10725728 | Immunization and treatment with IL-12 within 24 h of birth resulted in elevated expression of IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-15 mRNA in the spleens of newborn mice compared with animals exposed to vaccine only. |
| 2529 | 10725728 | In addition, these animals showed dramatic increases in IFN-gamma-, IL-2-, and IL-4-secreting cells, and in IgG2a Ab levels upon adult challenge compared with mice primed with vaccine alone. |
| 2530 | 10726360 | Performance of reverse transcription quantitative competitive PCR (RT-qcPCR) for the detection of porcine cytokine mRNA indicative for IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10. |
| 2531 | 10738185 | Antigenic stimulation of mononuclear cells (MNCs) induced proliferation and IFN-gamma but not IL-4 production as well as expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 consistent with a T-helper (Th) type-1 bias. |
| 2532 | 10738185 | Exogenous IL-12 enhanced and exogenous IL-4 diminished IFN-gamma production. |
| 2533 | 10738185 | Antigenic stimulation of mononuclear cells (MNCs) induced proliferation and IFN-gamma but not IL-4 production as well as expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 consistent with a T-helper (Th) type-1 bias. |
| 2534 | 10738185 | Exogenous IL-12 enhanced and exogenous IL-4 diminished IFN-gamma production. |
| 2535 | 10741391 | However, CD4+ T lymphocytes from mice immunized with the constitutive promoter secreted IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma (Th1/Th2 pattern), whereas CD4+ cells mainly secreted IFN-gamma (Th1 pattern) when the second construct was used. |
| 2536 | 10741704 | The detection of tumor-specific T cells in immunized cancer patients usually relies on lengthy and difficult CTL assays; we now report on flow cytometry to detect the intracellular cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) produced by CD4+CD69+ and CD8+CD69+ activated T cells after MUC1 antigen stimulation. |
| 2537 | 10741704 | After stimulation in vitro with MUC1-variable number of tandem repeats peptides, CD8+CD69+ T cells from all immunized patients generated 3-9 times higher levels of TNF-alpha(P < 0.038) and IFN-gamma (P <0.010) than did cells from 12 normal subjects; minor increases in IL-4 occurred. |
| 2538 | 10741704 | By contrast, CD4+CD69+ cells showed no overall alteration in TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine production, although in some patients, their measurement was informative; the measurement of IL-2 was not useful in either CD4+CD69+ or CD8+CD69+ cells. |
| 2539 | 10741704 | We conclude that in MUC1-immunized patients, the measurement of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in activated CD69+CD8+ T cells may be indicative of their immune status. |
| 2540 | 10741704 | The detection of tumor-specific T cells in immunized cancer patients usually relies on lengthy and difficult CTL assays; we now report on flow cytometry to detect the intracellular cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) produced by CD4+CD69+ and CD8+CD69+ activated T cells after MUC1 antigen stimulation. |
| 2541 | 10741704 | After stimulation in vitro with MUC1-variable number of tandem repeats peptides, CD8+CD69+ T cells from all immunized patients generated 3-9 times higher levels of TNF-alpha(P < 0.038) and IFN-gamma (P <0.010) than did cells from 12 normal subjects; minor increases in IL-4 occurred. |
| 2542 | 10741704 | By contrast, CD4+CD69+ cells showed no overall alteration in TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine production, although in some patients, their measurement was informative; the measurement of IL-2 was not useful in either CD4+CD69+ or CD8+CD69+ cells. |
| 2543 | 10741704 | We conclude that in MUC1-immunized patients, the measurement of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in activated CD69+CD8+ T cells may be indicative of their immune status. |
| 2544 | 10757021 | Coinjection of the CEA vector with a vector encoding either interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) or IL-12 promoted IgG2a isotype anti-CEA antibody production, anti-CEA/P815 CTL activity and greater resistance to CEA/P815 tumor challenge. |
| 2545 | 10757021 | As well, CEA/P815-stimulated IFN gamma secretion in vitro was increased, but IL-4 diminished, consistent with a T-helper type 1 (Th1) response. |
| 2546 | 10757021 | In contrast, coinjection of the CEA vector with an IL-4 vector increased IgG1 production, but reduced CTL activity and resistance to tumor challenge. |
| 2547 | 10757021 | The latter treatment inhibited CEA/P815-dependent IFN gamma production but enhanced IL-4 secretion, consistent with a Th type 2 (Th2) response. |
| 2548 | 10757021 | Antitumor immunity was enhanced when the CEA and IL-12 plasmids were coinjected at the same muscle site, but not at separate sites despite increased serum IL-12 levels. |
| 2549 | 10757021 | Coinjection of the CEA vector with a vector encoding either interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) or IL-12 promoted IgG2a isotype anti-CEA antibody production, anti-CEA/P815 CTL activity and greater resistance to CEA/P815 tumor challenge. |
| 2550 | 10757021 | As well, CEA/P815-stimulated IFN gamma secretion in vitro was increased, but IL-4 diminished, consistent with a T-helper type 1 (Th1) response. |
| 2551 | 10757021 | In contrast, coinjection of the CEA vector with an IL-4 vector increased IgG1 production, but reduced CTL activity and resistance to tumor challenge. |
| 2552 | 10757021 | The latter treatment inhibited CEA/P815-dependent IFN gamma production but enhanced IL-4 secretion, consistent with a Th type 2 (Th2) response. |
| 2553 | 10757021 | Antitumor immunity was enhanced when the CEA and IL-12 plasmids were coinjected at the same muscle site, but not at separate sites despite increased serum IL-12 levels. |
| 2554 | 10757021 | Coinjection of the CEA vector with a vector encoding either interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) or IL-12 promoted IgG2a isotype anti-CEA antibody production, anti-CEA/P815 CTL activity and greater resistance to CEA/P815 tumor challenge. |
| 2555 | 10757021 | As well, CEA/P815-stimulated IFN gamma secretion in vitro was increased, but IL-4 diminished, consistent with a T-helper type 1 (Th1) response. |
| 2556 | 10757021 | In contrast, coinjection of the CEA vector with an IL-4 vector increased IgG1 production, but reduced CTL activity and resistance to tumor challenge. |
| 2557 | 10757021 | The latter treatment inhibited CEA/P815-dependent IFN gamma production but enhanced IL-4 secretion, consistent with a Th type 2 (Th2) response. |
| 2558 | 10757021 | Antitumor immunity was enhanced when the CEA and IL-12 plasmids were coinjected at the same muscle site, but not at separate sites despite increased serum IL-12 levels. |
| 2559 | 10760827 | We have shown that the sequential use of early-acting hematopoietic growth factors, stem cell factor, IL-3 and IL-6, followed by differentiation with IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor allows the in vitro generation of large numbers of immature DCs from CD34(+) peripheral blood progenitor cells. |
| 2560 | 10760827 | Fourteen HLA-A1(+) or HLA-A2(+) patients received at least 4 i.v. infusions of 5 x 10(6) to 5 x 10(7) DCs pulsed with a pool of peptides including either MAGE-1, MAGE-3 (HLA-A1) or Melan-A, gp100, tyrosinase (HLA-A2), depending on the HLA haplotype. |
| 2561 | 10762079 | Coimmunization with IFN-gamma or IL-2, but not IL-13 or IL-4 cDNA can enhance Th1-type DNA vaccine-induced immune responses in vivo. |
| 2562 | 10762079 | We have previously reported on the immunomodulatory effects of codelivering cDNA for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 as molecular adjuvants for DNA-based vaccines. |
| 2563 | 10762079 | In this report, we extend these finding and compare the immunomodulatory effects of IL-2 and IL-4 with those of cDNA for prototypical Thl-type cytokine interferon-y (IFN-gamma) and Th2-type cytokine IL-13. |
| 2564 | 10762079 | We observed that distinct antigen-specific immune modulation can be achieved by the coinjection of IFN-gamma or IL-13 genes with DNA immunogen cassettes. |
| 2565 | 10762079 | Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports on their similarities in biologic activities, IL-13 and IL-4 cDNA coimmunizations modulated vaccine-induced immune responses differently in this model. |
| 2566 | 10762079 | Coimmunization with IFN-gamma or IL-2, but not IL-13 or IL-4 cDNA can enhance Th1-type DNA vaccine-induced immune responses in vivo. |
| 2567 | 10762079 | We have previously reported on the immunomodulatory effects of codelivering cDNA for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 as molecular adjuvants for DNA-based vaccines. |
| 2568 | 10762079 | In this report, we extend these finding and compare the immunomodulatory effects of IL-2 and IL-4 with those of cDNA for prototypical Thl-type cytokine interferon-y (IFN-gamma) and Th2-type cytokine IL-13. |
| 2569 | 10762079 | We observed that distinct antigen-specific immune modulation can be achieved by the coinjection of IFN-gamma or IL-13 genes with DNA immunogen cassettes. |
| 2570 | 10762079 | Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports on their similarities in biologic activities, IL-13 and IL-4 cDNA coimmunizations modulated vaccine-induced immune responses differently in this model. |
| 2571 | 10762079 | Coimmunization with IFN-gamma or IL-2, but not IL-13 or IL-4 cDNA can enhance Th1-type DNA vaccine-induced immune responses in vivo. |
| 2572 | 10762079 | We have previously reported on the immunomodulatory effects of codelivering cDNA for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 as molecular adjuvants for DNA-based vaccines. |
| 2573 | 10762079 | In this report, we extend these finding and compare the immunomodulatory effects of IL-2 and IL-4 with those of cDNA for prototypical Thl-type cytokine interferon-y (IFN-gamma) and Th2-type cytokine IL-13. |
| 2574 | 10762079 | We observed that distinct antigen-specific immune modulation can be achieved by the coinjection of IFN-gamma or IL-13 genes with DNA immunogen cassettes. |
| 2575 | 10762079 | Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports on their similarities in biologic activities, IL-13 and IL-4 cDNA coimmunizations modulated vaccine-induced immune responses differently in this model. |
| 2576 | 10762079 | Coimmunization with IFN-gamma or IL-2, but not IL-13 or IL-4 cDNA can enhance Th1-type DNA vaccine-induced immune responses in vivo. |
| 2577 | 10762079 | We have previously reported on the immunomodulatory effects of codelivering cDNA for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 as molecular adjuvants for DNA-based vaccines. |
| 2578 | 10762079 | In this report, we extend these finding and compare the immunomodulatory effects of IL-2 and IL-4 with those of cDNA for prototypical Thl-type cytokine interferon-y (IFN-gamma) and Th2-type cytokine IL-13. |
| 2579 | 10762079 | We observed that distinct antigen-specific immune modulation can be achieved by the coinjection of IFN-gamma or IL-13 genes with DNA immunogen cassettes. |
| 2580 | 10762079 | Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports on their similarities in biologic activities, IL-13 and IL-4 cDNA coimmunizations modulated vaccine-induced immune responses differently in this model. |
| 2581 | 10762415 | Cytokine analysis revealed a predominant IFN-gamma response in spleen cells from orally vaccinated mice, whereas IL-4 was not detected in any lung or spleen culture analysed. |
| 2582 | 10770625 | Enhanced antitumoral effect of adenovirus-mediated cytosine deaminase gene therapy by induction of antigen-presenting cells through stem cell factor/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene transfer. |
| 2583 | 10770625 | We preinjected the mice with murine stem cell factor (SCF)-encoding adenovirus (AdSCF) and murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-encoding adenovirus (AdGM-CSF); after 7 days, the mice were inoculated with CT26 colon adenocarcinoma. |
| 2584 | 10770625 | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity was induced efficiently after the combined therapy, and mRNA of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-4, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-2 was present in the tumor mass after combined therapy, suggesting that a more potent antitumoral response was induced by enhanced APCs. |
| 2585 | 10775783 | Immune responses were defined by: (i) SU antibody titers; (ii) the ratio of SU IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies; (iii) interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and IL-4 gene expression and proliferative response of SU stimulated lymph node mononuclear cells (LNMC). |
| 2586 | 10775783 | Apart from enhancement of IFNgamma and IL-4 gene expression in SU stimulated LNMC, rRB-IL12 did not affect the immune response to rWR-63 encoded SU. |
| 2587 | 10775783 | Immune responses were defined by: (i) SU antibody titers; (ii) the ratio of SU IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies; (iii) interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and IL-4 gene expression and proliferative response of SU stimulated lymph node mononuclear cells (LNMC). |
| 2588 | 10775783 | Apart from enhancement of IFNgamma and IL-4 gene expression in SU stimulated LNMC, rRB-IL12 did not affect the immune response to rWR-63 encoded SU. |
| 2589 | 10775795 | Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokine-producing cells in the gut villi showed no significant induction of the cytokines IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-10 after oral administration of wild type Lactobacillus strains. |
| 2590 | 10775795 | In contrast, oral administration of L. reuteri and L. brevis induced expression of the proinflammatory/Th1 cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-2 and/or IL-1beta. |
| 2591 | 10792505 | Rhesus macaques were immunized by a modified targeted lymph nodes (TLN) route with recombinant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) glycoprotein 120 (gp120) and p27 in alum, and adsorbed recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with either interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-4. |
| 2592 | 10792505 | Immunization induced significant increases in the concentrations of CD8 cell-derived suppressor factor (CD8-SF), regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta, and down-modulation of the proportion of cells expressing CCR5 (r = 0.737, P<0.05). |
| 2593 | 10800093 | To evaluate this hypothesis, immune responses against HIV-1 envelope protein, gp160, an immunogenic HIV-1 component expressed under the control of the CMV promoter, were evaluated in BALB/c mice with or without stimulation by 8 Br-cAMP. |
| 2594 | 10800093 | Moreover, it induced increased production of interferon-gamma with reduction in IL-4 synthesis, and decreased the ratio of serum IgG1/IgG2a. |
| 2595 | 10811123 | Cytokine gene therapy of gliomas: induction of reactive CD4+ T cells by interleukin-4-transfected 9L gliosarcoma is essential for protective immunity. |
| 2596 | 10811123 | In additional adoptive transfer experiments, an essential role for CD4+ T cells in immunity was observed because their depletion from among splenocytes of 9LmIL4-immunized rats eliminated the protective effective against 9L, whereas depletion of CD8+ cells resulted in a more limited effect on protection against 9L. |
| 2597 | 10811870 | Here, we have investigated the effects of type I IFNs on freshly isolated granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-treated human monocytes in terms of dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and activity in vitro and in severe combined immunodeficiency mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood leukocytes (hu-PBL-SCID) mice. |
| 2598 | 10811870 | Type I IFNs induced a surprisingly rapid maturation of monocytes into short-lived tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-expressing DCs endowed with potent functional activities, superior with respect to the interleukin (IL)-4/GM-CSF treatment, as shown by FACS((R)) analyses, mixed leukocyte reaction assays with allogeneic PBLs, and lymphocyte proliferation responses to HIV-1-pulsed autologous DCs. |
| 2599 | 10811870 | Type I IFN induced IL-15 production and strongly promoted a T helper cell type 1 response. |
| 2600 | 10812226 | Injection with IL-4-secreting fibroblasts (BLK/IL-4) significantly increased anti-OVA IgG1 production in OVA-primed mice. |
| 2601 | 10812226 | In addition, the BLK/IL-4 cells were more effective than free recombinant IL-4 in decreasing OVA-specific IFN-gamma production and in increasing OVA-specific IL-4 production by splenic CD4(+) T cells. |
| 2602 | 10812226 | Injection with IL-4-secreting fibroblasts (BLK/IL-4) significantly increased anti-OVA IgG1 production in OVA-primed mice. |
| 2603 | 10812226 | In addition, the BLK/IL-4 cells were more effective than free recombinant IL-4 in decreasing OVA-specific IFN-gamma production and in increasing OVA-specific IL-4 production by splenic CD4(+) T cells. |
| 2604 | 10816449 | The UbA64 DNA vaccine induced a weak humoral response compared to UbG64, and a mixed population of interleukin-4 (IL-4)- and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-secreting cells. |
| 2605 | 10816449 | Vaccination with the UbGR64 plasmid generated a strong Th1 cell response (high IFN-gamma, low IL-4) in the absence of a detectable humoral response. |
| 2606 | 10816449 | The expression of mycobacterial antigens from DNA vaccines as fusion proteins with a destabilizing ubiquitin molecule (UbA or UbGR) shifted the host response toward a stronger Th1-type immunity which was characterized by low specific antibody levels, high numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells, and significant resistance to a tuberculous challenge. |
| 2607 | 10816449 | The UbA64 DNA vaccine induced a weak humoral response compared to UbG64, and a mixed population of interleukin-4 (IL-4)- and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-secreting cells. |
| 2608 | 10816449 | Vaccination with the UbGR64 plasmid generated a strong Th1 cell response (high IFN-gamma, low IL-4) in the absence of a detectable humoral response. |
| 2609 | 10816449 | The expression of mycobacterial antigens from DNA vaccines as fusion proteins with a destabilizing ubiquitin molecule (UbA or UbGR) shifted the host response toward a stronger Th1-type immunity which was characterized by low specific antibody levels, high numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells, and significant resistance to a tuberculous challenge. |
| 2610 | 10816476 | Mice vaccinated with either of the beta-galactosidase-expressing recombinant RB51 strains developed specific antibodies of predominantly the immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) isotype, and in vitro stimulation of their splenocytes with beta-galactosidase induced the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), but not interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 2611 | 10816476 | A Th1 type of immune response to HSP65, as indicated by the presence of specific serum IgG2a, but not IgG1, antibodies, and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4, secretion by the specific-antigen-stimulated splenocytes, was also detected in mice vaccinated with strain RB51 containing pBBgroE/hsp65. |
| 2612 | 10816476 | Mice vaccinated with either of the beta-galactosidase-expressing recombinant RB51 strains developed specific antibodies of predominantly the immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) isotype, and in vitro stimulation of their splenocytes with beta-galactosidase induced the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), but not interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 2613 | 10816476 | A Th1 type of immune response to HSP65, as indicated by the presence of specific serum IgG2a, but not IgG1, antibodies, and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4, secretion by the specific-antigen-stimulated splenocytes, was also detected in mice vaccinated with strain RB51 containing pBBgroE/hsp65. |
| 2614 | 10820246 | These bovine insulin-primed CTL displayed a type 0 CTL phenotype, producing IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, low levels of IFN-gamma, but no TNF-alpha. |
| 2615 | 10820246 | By contrast, CTL generated from C57BL/6 mice primed with OVA in CFA produced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha but no IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 and therefore were classified as type 1 CTL. |
| 2616 | 10820246 | Although both types of CTL express many of the same cell-surface Ags, OVA-specific CTL but not bovine insulin-primed CTL expressed CT-1, a carbohydrate epitope of CD45, and bovine insulin-primed CTL but not OVA-specific CTL expressed Fas constitutively. |
| 2617 | 10820246 | Neither endogenous IL-4 nor the dose of priming Ag altered the CTL phenotypes, but the antigenic peptides of OVA and bovine insulin were key to determining the differentiation of either type 1 or type 0 CTL. |
| 2618 | 10820246 | These bovine insulin-primed CTL displayed a type 0 CTL phenotype, producing IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, low levels of IFN-gamma, but no TNF-alpha. |
| 2619 | 10820246 | By contrast, CTL generated from C57BL/6 mice primed with OVA in CFA produced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha but no IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 and therefore were classified as type 1 CTL. |
| 2620 | 10820246 | Although both types of CTL express many of the same cell-surface Ags, OVA-specific CTL but not bovine insulin-primed CTL expressed CT-1, a carbohydrate epitope of CD45, and bovine insulin-primed CTL but not OVA-specific CTL expressed Fas constitutively. |
| 2621 | 10820246 | Neither endogenous IL-4 nor the dose of priming Ag altered the CTL phenotypes, but the antigenic peptides of OVA and bovine insulin were key to determining the differentiation of either type 1 or type 0 CTL. |
| 2622 | 10820246 | These bovine insulin-primed CTL displayed a type 0 CTL phenotype, producing IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, low levels of IFN-gamma, but no TNF-alpha. |
| 2623 | 10820246 | By contrast, CTL generated from C57BL/6 mice primed with OVA in CFA produced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha but no IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 and therefore were classified as type 1 CTL. |
| 2624 | 10820246 | Although both types of CTL express many of the same cell-surface Ags, OVA-specific CTL but not bovine insulin-primed CTL expressed CT-1, a carbohydrate epitope of CD45, and bovine insulin-primed CTL but not OVA-specific CTL expressed Fas constitutively. |
| 2625 | 10820246 | Neither endogenous IL-4 nor the dose of priming Ag altered the CTL phenotypes, but the antigenic peptides of OVA and bovine insulin were key to determining the differentiation of either type 1 or type 0 CTL. |
| 2626 | 10825606 | Proliferating PBMC secreted peak levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) at 2 days and peak levels of tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4 and IL-10 at 3-6 days post-stimulation. |
| 2627 | 10825606 | In contrast, nonproliferating PBMC (whether from nonresponders, naive subjects or weak responders) did not produce detectable levels of TNF-beta or IFN-gamma, nor was IL-4 or IL-10 produced significantly, and that produced had a different kinetic profile from that of proliferating PBMC. |
| 2628 | 10825606 | Proliferating PBMC secreted peak levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) at 2 days and peak levels of tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4 and IL-10 at 3-6 days post-stimulation. |
| 2629 | 10825606 | In contrast, nonproliferating PBMC (whether from nonresponders, naive subjects or weak responders) did not produce detectable levels of TNF-beta or IFN-gamma, nor was IL-4 or IL-10 produced significantly, and that produced had a different kinetic profile from that of proliferating PBMC. |
| 2630 | 10841077 | For example, coadministration of costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1alpha [IL-1alpha], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta), Th1 cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), and granulocytes-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with DNA vaccine constructs leads to modulation of the magnitude and direction (humoral or cellular) of the immune responses. |
| 2631 | 10841077 | To further engineer the immune response in vivo, we compared the induction and regulation of immune responses from the codelivery of chemokine (IL-8, interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 [gammaIP-10], macrophage inhibitory protein-1alpha [MIP-1alpha], and RANTES) genes with codelivery of cytokine genes. |
| 2632 | 10841077 | We observed that coimmunization with IL-8, gammaIP-10, and MIP-1alpha genes increased the antibody response. |
| 2633 | 10841077 | We also found that coinjection with IL-8, gammaIP-10, and RANTES resulted in a dramatic enhancement of T helper (Th) proliferation response. |
| 2634 | 10841077 | This enhancement of CTL responses observed from the coinjection with RANTES was CD8+ T cell dependent. |
| 2635 | 10843701 | Thus, LPS-matured dendritic cells (DC1) promote a Th1 response (increased generation of IFN-gamma and reduced production of IL-4) by Ag-stimulated CD4+ T cells from the DO.11.10 transgenic mouse expressing a TCR specific for an OVA peptide (OVA323-339). |
| 2636 | 10843701 | In contrast, a phosphorylcholine-containing glycoprotein, ES-62, secreted by the filarial nematode, Acanthocheilonema viteae, which generates a Th2 Ab response in vivo, is found to induce the maturation of dendritic cells (DC2) with the capacity to induce Th2 responses (increased IL-4 and decreased IFN-gamma). |
| 2637 | 10843701 | In addition, we show that the switch to either Th1 or Th2 responses is not effected by differential regulation through CD80 or CD86 and that a Th2 response is achieved in the presence of IL-12. |
| 2638 | 10843701 | Thus, LPS-matured dendritic cells (DC1) promote a Th1 response (increased generation of IFN-gamma and reduced production of IL-4) by Ag-stimulated CD4+ T cells from the DO.11.10 transgenic mouse expressing a TCR specific for an OVA peptide (OVA323-339). |
| 2639 | 10843701 | In contrast, a phosphorylcholine-containing glycoprotein, ES-62, secreted by the filarial nematode, Acanthocheilonema viteae, which generates a Th2 Ab response in vivo, is found to induce the maturation of dendritic cells (DC2) with the capacity to induce Th2 responses (increased IL-4 and decreased IFN-gamma). |
| 2640 | 10843701 | In addition, we show that the switch to either Th1 or Th2 responses is not effected by differential regulation through CD80 or CD86 and that a Th2 response is achieved in the presence of IL-12. |
| 2641 | 10845721 | Chimeric forms of IL-4 with the type I transmembrane protein CD4 or type II transmembrane protein TNF were designed to express IL-4 in opposite orientations on the tumor cell surface. |
| 2642 | 10845721 | Expression of the IL-4/TNF chimeric protein on MethA cells elicited antitumor immunity and protected from MethA tumor challenge. |
| 2643 | 10845721 | Chimeric forms of IL-4 with the type I transmembrane protein CD4 or type II transmembrane protein TNF were designed to express IL-4 in opposite orientations on the tumor cell surface. |
| 2644 | 10845721 | Expression of the IL-4/TNF chimeric protein on MethA cells elicited antitumor immunity and protected from MethA tumor challenge. |
| 2645 | 10856789 | However, they differed in the isotype profile albeit only transiently, with the IL-4-transduced DC group showing higher IgE and lower IgG2a responses, and in the cytokine profile, with spleen cells isolated from the IL-4-transduced DC group producing higher IL-13 and lower IL-12. |
| 2646 | 10856799 | Cytokine profiles in immunized C57BL/6 mice demonstrated Th1 bias, with IFN-gamma and IL-2 production and lack of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 2647 | 10858197 | Antigen-specific production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was determined at each sample point, in parallel with polyclonal (phytohemagglutinin PHA-induced) cytokine responses. |
| 2648 | 10858219 | Beryllium is associated with a human pulmonary granulomatosis characterized by an accumulation of CD4(+) T cells in the lungs and a heightened specific lymphocyte proliferative response to beryllium (Be) with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) release (i.e., a T helper 1 [Th1] response). |
| 2649 | 10858219 | If interleukin-12 (IL-12) is given during in vivo sensitization with SLA, markedly increased IFN-gamma production and decreased IL-4 production are detected. |
| 2650 | 10858219 | We show here that when beryllium sulfate (BeSO(4)) was added during in vivo sensitization of BALB/c mice with SLA and IL-12, significantly increased IFN-gamma production and decreased IL-4 production from lymph node and spleen cells were detected upon in vitro SLA restimulation. |
| 2651 | 10858219 | In vivo, when Be was added to SLA and IL-12 for sensitization of BALB/c mice, more effective control of Leishmania infection was achieved. |
| 2652 | 10858219 | Beryllium is associated with a human pulmonary granulomatosis characterized by an accumulation of CD4(+) T cells in the lungs and a heightened specific lymphocyte proliferative response to beryllium (Be) with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) release (i.e., a T helper 1 [Th1] response). |
| 2653 | 10858219 | If interleukin-12 (IL-12) is given during in vivo sensitization with SLA, markedly increased IFN-gamma production and decreased IL-4 production are detected. |
| 2654 | 10858219 | We show here that when beryllium sulfate (BeSO(4)) was added during in vivo sensitization of BALB/c mice with SLA and IL-12, significantly increased IFN-gamma production and decreased IL-4 production from lymph node and spleen cells were detected upon in vitro SLA restimulation. |
| 2655 | 10858219 | In vivo, when Be was added to SLA and IL-12 for sensitization of BALB/c mice, more effective control of Leishmania infection was achieved. |
| 2656 | 10861075 | Similar to what occurred upon nasal exposure to viable A. fumigatus conidia, treatment of immunocompetent mice with Aspergillus crude culture filtrate Ags resulted in the development of local and peripheral protective Th1 memory responses, mediated by Ag-specific CD4+ T cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-2 capable of conferring protection upon adoptive transfer to naive recipients. |
| 2657 | 10861075 | Protective Th1 responses could not be observed in mice deficient of IFN-gamma or IL-12 and did not occur in response to Asp f 2, which, on the contrary, elicited high level production of inhibitory IL-4. |
| 2658 | 10869296 | Interestingly, splenic lymphocytes derived from pS/pD-inoculated mice demonstrated significant proliferation responses to recombinant HBsAg and HDAg, and resulted in a Th1-like immune response as suggested by the production of interferon gamma (INF-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), but not IL-4. |
| 2659 | 10869769 | Co-injection of an expression cassette for the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increased both the humoral and cell-mediated immune response with both gD and DeltagD. |
| 2660 | 10869769 | A strong activation of IL-4-secreting cells was observed in the spleen and DLN together with an increase in the number of IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 2661 | 10874214 | The T cells of seven HLA-A31( +) patients with gastric cancers were stimulated in vitro by F4.2-pulsed autologous dendritic cells which had been induced from peripheral blood of each patient by incubation in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4. |
| 2662 | 10886404 | A strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was induced in mice co-injected via the intradermal (i.d.) route with a eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding the CD80 molecule (pCD80) and a plasmid encoding the glycoprotein D of the HSV-2 (pgD). |
| 2663 | 10886404 | Furthermore, when spleen cells from these mice were cultured in the presence of inactivated HSV, a significant increase in the expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) was observed in the CD4 subset compared with mice immunized only with pgD. |
| 2664 | 10886404 | Analysis of cytokine synthesis at the single-cell level indicated that CD80 genes induce a significant increase in the number of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-, IL-2- and IL-4-secreting cells in the spleen. |
| 2665 | 10886404 | When a plasmid carrying the CD86 gene (pCD86) was co-injected via the i.m. route with the pgD plasmid, a small decrease in the number of IFN-gamma-secreting cells was observed. |
| 2666 | 10886404 | This down-regulation of the immune response was also observed when eukaryotic expression cassettes for CD80 and for CD86 were co-administered with the pgD plasmid via the i.d. route. |
| 2667 | 10886779 | None of the antigen preparations stimulated interleukin (IL)-4 production but, in contrast to the other antigens, whole E. coli, as well as purified O6 LPS, induced large quantities of IL-10. |
| 2668 | 10886779 | Blocking of IL-10 by neutralizing antibodies increased both E. coli-induced proliferation and IFN-gamma production markedly. |
| 2669 | 10886779 | Conversely, the addition of whole E. coli or LPS to cultures stimulated with other antigens (C. albicans or Staphylococcus aureus) down-regulated proliferative and IFN-gamma responses, an effect which was at least partly IL-10 dependent. |
| 2670 | 10886779 | The results indicate a substantial T-cell memory to commensal E. coli, but suggest that the evidence of such memory, e.g. proliferation and IFN-gamma production, is effectively prevented by IL-10 and perhaps other factors produced by monocytes in response to bacteria. |
| 2671 | 10915558 | LFA-3 plasmid DNA enhances Ag-specific humoral- and cellular-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus-2 in vivo: involvement of CD4+ T cells in protection. |
| 2672 | 10915558 | Adhesion molecules lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 and CD2 on T cells recognize intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and LFA-3 on APCs, respectively. |
| 2673 | 10915558 | To investigate specific roles of adhesion molecules in immune induction we coimmunized LFA-3 and ICAM-1 cDNAs with a gD plasmid vaccine and then analyzed immune modulatory effects and protection against lethal herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 challenge. |
| 2674 | 10915558 | LFA-3 also enhanced Th cell proliferative responses and production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 from splenocytes. |
| 2675 | 10915558 | In contrast, ICAM-1 showed slightly increasing effects on T-cell proliferation responses and cytokine production. beta-Chemokine production (RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MCP-1) was also influenced by LFA-3 or ICAM-1. |
| 2676 | 10915558 | When animals were challenged with a lethal dose of HSV-2, LFA-3-coimmunized animals exhibited an enhanced survival rate, as compared to animals given ICAM-1 or gD DNA vaccine alone. |
| 2677 | 10915558 | These studies demonstrate that adhesion molecule LFA-3 can play an important role in generating protective antigen-specific immunity in the HSV model system through increased induction of CD4+ Th1 T-cell subset. |
| 2678 | 10916759 | Phase 1 study in patients with metastatic melanoma of immunization with dendritic cells presenting epitopes derived from the melanoma-associated antigens MART-1 and gp100. |
| 2679 | 10916759 | Furthermore, DC-like function can be elicited from peripheral blood monocytes cultured in vitro with interleukin-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 2680 | 10916759 | The DCs were generated by 5- to 7-day incubation in interleukin-4 (1,000 U/mL) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (1,000 U/mL) of peripheral blood monocytes obtained by leukapheresis. |
| 2681 | 10916759 | Before administration, the DCs were pulsed separately with the HLA-A*0201-associated melanoma epitopes MART-1(27-35) and gp-100-209-2M. |
| 2682 | 10916759 | Phase 1 study in patients with metastatic melanoma of immunization with dendritic cells presenting epitopes derived from the melanoma-associated antigens MART-1 and gp100. |
| 2683 | 10916759 | Furthermore, DC-like function can be elicited from peripheral blood monocytes cultured in vitro with interleukin-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 2684 | 10916759 | The DCs were generated by 5- to 7-day incubation in interleukin-4 (1,000 U/mL) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (1,000 U/mL) of peripheral blood monocytes obtained by leukapheresis. |
| 2685 | 10916759 | Before administration, the DCs were pulsed separately with the HLA-A*0201-associated melanoma epitopes MART-1(27-35) and gp-100-209-2M. |
| 2686 | 10925361 | Transfer of IFNgamma-depleted CD4(+) T cells together with CD8(+) T cells leads to rejection of murine kidney sarcoma in mice. |
| 2687 | 10925361 | Immunity is dependent both on CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells and on CD4(+) T-helper cells. |
| 2688 | 10925361 | By intracytoplasmic staining of CD4(+) cells, IFNgamma-producing (Th1), IL-4-producing (Th2), and IL-10-expressing cells could be identified in vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals responding to tumor growth. |
| 2689 | 10925361 | In contrast, in non-vaccinated mice succumbing to the tumor, the immunosuppressive IL-10-producing cells became more abundant and the frequency of IFNgamma-expressing cells dropped at later time points. |
| 2690 | 10929063 | In BALB/c mice infected via the trachea with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv there is an initial phase of partial resistance dominated by type 1 cytokines plus tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), followed by a phase of progressive disease. |
| 2691 | 10929063 | This progressive phase is accompanied by increasing expression of IL-4, and diminished expression of IL-1 and TNF-alpha. |
| 2692 | 10931131 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the majority of children secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and a smaller proportion IL-5, in response to specific antigen stimulation in vitro. |
| 2693 | 10931131 | However, following booster immunization, significantly higher concentrations of IL-5, but not IFN-gamma, were produced by PBMC in response to B. pertussis antigens. |
| 2694 | 10931131 | Furthermore, plasma IL-4 and IL-5 concentrations were increased, whereas IFN-gamma concentrations were reduced following booster immunization. |
| 2695 | 10931142 | Lymph node clones from either strain could be categorized as either Th1 or Th0 on the basis of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/IL-4 production. |
| 2696 | 10931142 | Both B6 lung T cell clones were Th1-like and produced IFN-gamma but not IL-4 and IL-10, whereas four BALB/c lung T cell clones were Th2-like and produced IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 2697 | 10931142 | Lymph node clones from either strain could be categorized as either Th1 or Th0 on the basis of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/IL-4 production. |
| 2698 | 10931142 | Both B6 lung T cell clones were Th1-like and produced IFN-gamma but not IL-4 and IL-10, whereas four BALB/c lung T cell clones were Th2-like and produced IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 2699 | 10931381 | Here, we describe a culture system for the generation of murine dendritic cells from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells by culturing in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 2700 | 10931388 | After a short decrease, probably owing to seasonal variation, the birch-pollen-specific proliferation and the interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production significantly increased when reaching the maintenance dose and during the subsequent pollen season. |
| 2701 | 10948100 | Spleen cells from rBCG-S1PT-vaccinated mice showed elevated gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and low interleukin-4 (IL-4) production, as well as increased proliferation, upon pertussis toxin (PT) stimulation, characterizing a strong antigen-specific Th1-dominant cellular response. |
| 2702 | 10948138 | GXM-APC (or APC) immunization caused small increases in the expression of type-2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5), but the increases were not always statistically significant. |
| 2703 | 10948138 | The CFA-induced PEC had an activated phenotype characterized by increased numbers of F4/80(+) cells that expressed CD40, B7-1, and B7-2 on their membranes. |
| 2704 | 10953979 | Upon culture with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin-4 (IL-4) plus tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), CMML cells develop DC morphology and acquire the phenotypic characteristics of DCs. |
| 2705 | 11012616 | It has been detected in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial membrane and found to stimulate the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vitro. |
| 2706 | 11012616 | We therefore investigated the in vitro IL-17 response to a variety of mitogens and antigens, and compared the IL-17 response to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha. |
| 2707 | 11012616 | The antigens TT and PPD significantly increased IL-17 mRNA expression over time, but failed to have such an effect at the protein level. |
| 2708 | 11012616 | IL-17 production did not correlate with either the type-1 cytokine IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha or the type-2 cytokine IL-4 or IL-10 at either the mRNA or protein level. |
| 2709 | 11012616 | It has been detected in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial membrane and found to stimulate the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vitro. |
| 2710 | 11012616 | We therefore investigated the in vitro IL-17 response to a variety of mitogens and antigens, and compared the IL-17 response to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha. |
| 2711 | 11012616 | The antigens TT and PPD significantly increased IL-17 mRNA expression over time, but failed to have such an effect at the protein level. |
| 2712 | 11012616 | IL-17 production did not correlate with either the type-1 cytokine IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha or the type-2 cytokine IL-4 or IL-10 at either the mRNA or protein level. |
| 2713 | 11024117 | No evidence was found for interleukin 4 (IL-4) or IL-5 production by isolated lymphocytes from children or adults. |
| 2714 | 11024117 | In contrast, lymphocytes from convalescent adults produced a typical type 1 response associated with high levels of IL-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). |
| 2715 | 11035735 | CD4+ alpha beta T cells and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) are centrally implicated in the primary immunoprotective response. |
| 2716 | 11035735 | We find that a full-strength primary response depends on beta(2)-microglobulin (class I major histocompatibility complex [MHC] and class II MHC and on IFN-gamma and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but not on TAP1, perforin, IL-4, Fas ligand, or inducible nitric oxide synthetase. |
| 2717 | 11035735 | Indeed, MHC class II-deficient and IFN-gamma-deficient mice are as susceptible to primary infection as mice deficient in all alpha beta T cells. |
| 2718 | 11035735 | Strikingly, the requirements for a highly effective alpha beta-T-cell-driven memory response are less stringent, requiring neither IFN-gamma nor IL-6 nor class I MHC. |
| 2719 | 11042280 | We generated monocyte-derived DC from leukapheresis products by using GM-CSF and IL-4 and showed that amongst several known maturation stimuli the cocktail consisting of TNF-alpha+IL-1 beta+IL-6+PGE(2) achieved the highest survival of mature DC. |
| 2720 | 11042280 | The addition of CD40L or TRANCE/RANKL further improved DC survival. |
| 2721 | 11042288 | Additionally, cellular immunity was measured by an increased level of IFN-gamma mRNA detected in PBMC of cattle immunized with the gD gene or with the commercial vaccine, whereas augmented levels of IL-4 were not detected following vaccination. |
| 2722 | 11046071 | When the Ag-induced cytokine responses were examined at both protein and mRNA levels, CD4(+) T cells from spleen and Peyer's patches of young adult mice revealed elevated levels of IL-4 production; however, these cytokine responses were significantly diminished in aged mice. |
| 2723 | 11054277 | Here, pigs were vaccinated by a single coinjection of three plasmids encoding PRV glycoproteins gB, gC, and gD, with plasmid expressing porcine granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or porcine interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). |
| 2724 | 11054277 | DNA immunization induced a primary T cell-mediated response characterized by low rates of IFN-gamma, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL4 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). |
| 2725 | 11054277 | Codelivery of plasmid expressing GM-CSF or IFN-alpha had no effect on cytokine mRNA expression or on B cell response. |
| 2726 | 11054277 | Codelivery of GMCSF gene significantly increased both Th immune response (i.e., IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA expression) and clinical protection but had no effect on secondary B immune response. |
| 2727 | 11054277 | Here, pigs were vaccinated by a single coinjection of three plasmids encoding PRV glycoproteins gB, gC, and gD, with plasmid expressing porcine granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or porcine interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). |
| 2728 | 11054277 | DNA immunization induced a primary T cell-mediated response characterized by low rates of IFN-gamma, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL4 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). |
| 2729 | 11054277 | Codelivery of plasmid expressing GM-CSF or IFN-alpha had no effect on cytokine mRNA expression or on B cell response. |
| 2730 | 11054277 | Codelivery of GMCSF gene significantly increased both Th immune response (i.e., IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA expression) and clinical protection but had no effect on secondary B immune response. |
| 2731 | 11060692 | Allergic individuals respond to an environmental allergen encounter by producing T-cell cytokines, predominantly IL-4 and IL-5, which in turn drive the production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies and recruitment of an eosinophil-rich inflammatory infiltrate. |
| 2732 | 11075550 | Expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but not of IL-10, was detected in INMD-stimulated alveolar macrophages. |
| 2733 | 11075550 | Stimulated PBMC expressed IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 and secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 2734 | 11085581 | Macaque fibrocytes displayed the characteristic cellular morphology and stained positive for CD34 and collagen, as observed in human and murine fibrocytes. |
| 2735 | 11085581 | Macaque DCs were generated from monocytes by culturing in granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 2736 | 11086107 | Dendritic cells, infected with vesicular stomatitis virus-pseudotyped HIV-1, present viral antigens to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from HIV-1-infected individuals. |
| 2737 | 11086107 | The nonreplicating, VSV/HIV-1 efficiently infected the immature stage of DC development, in this case represented by monocytes cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 2738 | 11086107 | The infected populations were further matured with CD40 ligand, leading to strong stimulation of autologous T cells from HIV-1-infected individuals, but not controls. |
| 2739 | 11086107 | Enriched CD8(+) T cells from 12/12 donors released IFN-gamma (50-300 enzyme-linked immunospots/200,000 T cells) and proliferated. |
| 2740 | 11086107 | Presentation to CD8(+) T cells, but not to CD4(+), was primarily through an endogenous pathway, because the responses were markedly reduced if envelope-defective virus particles or reverse transcriptase inhibitors were added. |
| 2741 | 11086107 | Therefore, nonreplicating vaccines can be targeted to immature DCs, which upon further maturation induce combined and robust CD4(+) and CD8(+) immunity. |
| 2742 | 11101874 | We found that interleukin 4 receptor (IL-4R) knockout and downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) knockout, but not IL-4 knockout, mice resisted tumor recurrence, which implicated IL-13, the only other cytokine that uses the IL-4R-STAT6 pathway. |
| 2743 | 11104791 | Lymph node cells and CD4(+) T-cell lines raised with CW/M antigen transfer protective immunity when they release type 1 cytokine IFN-gamma, but not when they release IL-4, and neutralization of IFN-gamma confirmed its role in vivo. |
| 2744 | 11106257 | Induction of antitumor immunity with combination of HER2/neu DNA vaccine and interleukin 2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 2745 | 11106257 | Cytokine-secreting MBT-2 cells were obtained by infecting cells with retroviral particles containing interleukin (IL) 2-, IL-4-, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expression vector. |
| 2746 | 11106257 | MBT-2-IL-2, -IL-4, and -GM-CSF cells were killed by irradiation and tested as tumor vaccines. |
| 2747 | 11106257 | On the other hand, irradiated MBT-2-IL-4 and MBT-2-GM-CSF cells were less effective. |
| 2748 | 11106257 | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor infiltrate revealed massive increase of CD4+ lymphoid cells in the group of mice treated with both DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreted tumor vaccine. |
| 2749 | 11106257 | The results indicate the combination of DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreting tumor vaccine can additionally improve therapeutic efficacy, and the efficacy is correlated with the increase of CD4+ T lymphocytes and anti-neu antibody. |
| 2750 | 11106257 | Induction of antitumor immunity with combination of HER2/neu DNA vaccine and interleukin 2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 2751 | 11106257 | Cytokine-secreting MBT-2 cells were obtained by infecting cells with retroviral particles containing interleukin (IL) 2-, IL-4-, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expression vector. |
| 2752 | 11106257 | MBT-2-IL-2, -IL-4, and -GM-CSF cells were killed by irradiation and tested as tumor vaccines. |
| 2753 | 11106257 | On the other hand, irradiated MBT-2-IL-4 and MBT-2-GM-CSF cells were less effective. |
| 2754 | 11106257 | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor infiltrate revealed massive increase of CD4+ lymphoid cells in the group of mice treated with both DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreted tumor vaccine. |
| 2755 | 11106257 | The results indicate the combination of DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreting tumor vaccine can additionally improve therapeutic efficacy, and the efficacy is correlated with the increase of CD4+ T lymphocytes and anti-neu antibody. |
| 2756 | 11106257 | Induction of antitumor immunity with combination of HER2/neu DNA vaccine and interleukin 2 gene-modified tumor vaccine. |
| 2757 | 11106257 | Cytokine-secreting MBT-2 cells were obtained by infecting cells with retroviral particles containing interleukin (IL) 2-, IL-4-, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expression vector. |
| 2758 | 11106257 | MBT-2-IL-2, -IL-4, and -GM-CSF cells were killed by irradiation and tested as tumor vaccines. |
| 2759 | 11106257 | On the other hand, irradiated MBT-2-IL-4 and MBT-2-GM-CSF cells were less effective. |
| 2760 | 11106257 | Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor infiltrate revealed massive increase of CD4+ lymphoid cells in the group of mice treated with both DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreted tumor vaccine. |
| 2761 | 11106257 | The results indicate the combination of DNA vaccine and IL-2-secreting tumor vaccine can additionally improve therapeutic efficacy, and the efficacy is correlated with the increase of CD4+ T lymphocytes and anti-neu antibody. |
| 2762 | 11106942 | This is a simple method that allows reliable determination of the differing regulation of cytokine mRNAs specific for porcine interleukin (IL)-2, -4 and -10, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and the housekeeping gene, GAPDH, as an endogenous control. |
| 2763 | 11106942 | The results demonstrated that restimulation with PRV significantly enhanced the transcription of Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). |
| 2764 | 11106942 | Notably, PBMC derived from immune and naive pigs constitutively produced relatively high amounts of IL-10-specific mRNA, exceeding that of GAPDH mRNA, independently of the addition of viral antigen or the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). |
| 2765 | 11118387 | T helper type 1 (Th1) lymphocytes secrete secrete interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma, and lymphotoxin-alpha and stimulate type 1 immunity, which is characterized by intense phagocytic activity. |
| 2766 | 11118387 | Conversely, Th2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 and stimulate type 2 immunity, which is characterized by high antibody titers. |
| 2767 | 11119510 | Signaling via interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain is required for successful vaccination against schistosomiasis in BALB/c mice. |
| 2768 | 11119510 | We show that in BALB/c mice deficient for the IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4Ralpha(-/-)), which are unresponsive to IL-4 and IL-13, vaccine-induced protection is abrogated compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice. |
| 2769 | 11119510 | In vaccinated IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice, IL-12p40 production by cells from the skin exposure site was elevated, although gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in draining lymphoid tissues was similar in WT and IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice. |
| 2770 | 11119510 | Nevertheless, the effector response in IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice was Th1 biased with elevated IFN-gamma in the lungs and higher immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and IgG2b titers but negligible quantities of Th2-associated IgG1 and IgE. |
| 2771 | 11119510 | Interestingly, levels of IL-4 were equivalent in WT and IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice, indicating that Th2 responses were not dependent upon signaling by IL-4 or IL-13. |
| 2772 | 11119510 | Signaling via interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain is required for successful vaccination against schistosomiasis in BALB/c mice. |
| 2773 | 11119510 | We show that in BALB/c mice deficient for the IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4Ralpha(-/-)), which are unresponsive to IL-4 and IL-13, vaccine-induced protection is abrogated compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice. |
| 2774 | 11119510 | In vaccinated IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice, IL-12p40 production by cells from the skin exposure site was elevated, although gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in draining lymphoid tissues was similar in WT and IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice. |
| 2775 | 11119510 | Nevertheless, the effector response in IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice was Th1 biased with elevated IFN-gamma in the lungs and higher immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and IgG2b titers but negligible quantities of Th2-associated IgG1 and IgE. |
| 2776 | 11119510 | Interestingly, levels of IL-4 were equivalent in WT and IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice, indicating that Th2 responses were not dependent upon signaling by IL-4 or IL-13. |
| 2777 | 11119510 | Signaling via interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain is required for successful vaccination against schistosomiasis in BALB/c mice. |
| 2778 | 11119510 | We show that in BALB/c mice deficient for the IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4Ralpha(-/-)), which are unresponsive to IL-4 and IL-13, vaccine-induced protection is abrogated compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice. |
| 2779 | 11119510 | In vaccinated IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice, IL-12p40 production by cells from the skin exposure site was elevated, although gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in draining lymphoid tissues was similar in WT and IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice. |
| 2780 | 11119510 | Nevertheless, the effector response in IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice was Th1 biased with elevated IFN-gamma in the lungs and higher immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and IgG2b titers but negligible quantities of Th2-associated IgG1 and IgE. |
| 2781 | 11119510 | Interestingly, levels of IL-4 were equivalent in WT and IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice, indicating that Th2 responses were not dependent upon signaling by IL-4 or IL-13. |
| 2782 | 11119511 | Amino acid microsequencing of p42 revealed that it consists predominantly of schistosome glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (SG3PDH). |
| 2783 | 11119511 | Lymphoproliferation and production of interleukin-4 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) after in vitro stimulation with rSG3PDH and serum isotype responses to rSG3PDH were examined in individuals with extremes of resistance and susceptibility to reinfection after treatment of previous S. mansoni or S. haematobium infection. |
| 2784 | 11119511 | Lymphoproliferation and IFN-gamma production in response to rSG3PDH and the presence of serum immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG3, and IgA antibodies to rSG3PDH generally characterized individuals who are resistant to reinfection after chemotherapy. |
| 2785 | 11122109 | In these five patients, detection of cytokines by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was the most abundant cytokine gene expressed by the T cells that recognized the autologous tumour B cells. |
| 2786 | 11122109 | Other activated cytokine genes were gamma-interferon (IFN), interleukin (IL)-2 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not IL-4. |
| 2787 | 11122109 | CD80 and CD54 were relatively downregulated on the native tumour B cells compared with control normal B cells. |
| 2788 | 11122109 | CD80 and CD54 monoclonal antibodies inhibited the specific T-cell DNA synthesis proliferation. |
| 2789 | 11122109 | The specific cytokine gene expression could be found in isolated CD4, as well as CD8, T-cell subsets. |
| 2790 | 11122109 | This study demonstrated the presence of a potential natural specific CD4, as well as a CD8 type 1 T-cell immunity against the leukaemic CLL tumour B cells in CLL. |
| 2791 | 11128522 | Culture supernatants of splenocytes from immune DBA/2 mice, which were stimulated with crude C. ruminantium antigens or recombinant major antigenic proteins 1 or 2, contained significant levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-6, but insignificant levels of IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), and nitric oxide. |
| 2792 | 11133829 | Pretreatment of mice with CpG ODN mixed with rAed a 2 successfully inhibited subsequent induction of serum rAed a 2-specific IgE (but not IgG1) and antigen-induced IL-4 and IL-5 production in spleen cells. |
| 2793 | 11133829 | This was associated with an increase of serum IgG2a and IL-12, and increased IFN-gamma and IL-12 production by spleen cells. |
| 2794 | 11134269 | The CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta (MIP-1beta) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) biased the immunity to the Th2-type pattern as judged by the ratio of immunoglobulin isotypes and interleukin-4 cytokine levels produced by CD4(+) T cells. |
| 2795 | 11134269 | The CXC chemokine MIP-2 and the CC chemokine MIP-1alpha, however, mounted immune responses of the Th1-type pattern, and such a response rendered recipients more resistant to HSV vaginal infection. |
| 2796 | 11134269 | In addition, MIP-1alpha appeared to act via the upregulation of antigen-presenting cell (APC) function and the expression of costimulatory molecules (B7-1 and B7-2), whereas MIP-2 enhanced Th1-type CD4(+) T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity by increasing gamma interferon secretion from activated NK cells. |
| 2797 | 11134279 | Role of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-12, and gamma interferon in primary and vaccine-primed immune responses to Friend retrovirus infection. |
| 2798 | 11134279 | The immunological resistance of a host to viral infections may be strongly influenced by cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which promote T helper type 1 responses, and IL-4, which promotes T helper type 2 responses. |
| 2799 | 11134279 | IL-4- and IL-12-deficient mice were comparable to wild-type B6 mice in the ability to control acute and persistent Friend virus infections. |
| 2800 | 11134279 | Role of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-12, and gamma interferon in primary and vaccine-primed immune responses to Friend retrovirus infection. |
| 2801 | 11134279 | The immunological resistance of a host to viral infections may be strongly influenced by cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which promote T helper type 1 responses, and IL-4, which promotes T helper type 2 responses. |
| 2802 | 11134279 | IL-4- and IL-12-deficient mice were comparable to wild-type B6 mice in the ability to control acute and persistent Friend virus infections. |
| 2803 | 11134279 | Role of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-12, and gamma interferon in primary and vaccine-primed immune responses to Friend retrovirus infection. |
| 2804 | 11134279 | The immunological resistance of a host to viral infections may be strongly influenced by cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which promote T helper type 1 responses, and IL-4, which promotes T helper type 2 responses. |
| 2805 | 11134279 | IL-4- and IL-12-deficient mice were comparable to wild-type B6 mice in the ability to control acute and persistent Friend virus infections. |
| 2806 | 11137237 | Gene gun delivery of DNA-F elicited a T helper-2 (Th2) biased immune response that could not be modulated by the co-delivery of plasmids encoding IL-2, IL-12 or IFNgamma. |
| 2807 | 11137237 | Thus, all gene gun vaccinated mice produced a predominant Th2 biased pulmonary immune response characterised by the production of IL-4 and IL-5 with little IFNgamma following RSV challenge. |
| 2808 | 11140881 | Following culture in cytokines GM-CSF/IL-4/CD40L, which induced differentiation of AML blasts to dendritic-like cells, transduction efficiency was increased between two- and eightfold in 6 out of the 15 cases that underwent differentiation. |
| 2809 | 11145673 | The protection appeared to be mediated by IFN-gamma and CD8(+) cells because treatment of mice with neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma mAb or with depleting anti-CD8 mAb abolished the protective effect. |
| 2810 | 11145673 | Moreover, vaccination of mice with preexisting AHR with the OVA-IL-18 fusion DNA, but not with the OVA cDNA plasmid, reversed established AHR, reduced allergen-specific IL-4, and increased allergen-specific IFN-gamma production. |
| 2811 | 11145714 | Mutations in the common gamma-chain (gamma(c)) of cytokine receptors, including those for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15, are responsible for an X-linked form of the disease, while mutations of several other genes, including Janus-associated kinase-3, may cause autosomal recessive forms of SCID. |
| 2812 | 11145714 | We report here that a homozygous 6-bp deletion in the gene encoding CD45 (PTPRC, gene map locus 1q31-32), which results in a loss of glutamic acid 339 and tyrosine 340 in the first fibronectin type III module of the extracellular domain of CD45, is associated with failure of surface expression of CD45 and SCID. |
| 2813 | 11145720 | Numerous immunostimulatory protocols inhibit the development of T cell-mediated autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. |
| 2814 | 11145720 | Many of these protocols, including treatment with the nonspecific immunostimulatory agents CFA or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, have been reported to mediate protection by skewing the pattern of cytokines produced by pancreatic beta-cell autoreactive T cells from a Th1 (IFN-gamma) to a Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) profile. |
| 2815 | 11145720 | To partially address this issue we produced NOD mice genetically deficient in IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10. |
| 2816 | 11145720 | Additional experiments using these mice confirmed that CFA- or BCG-elicited diabetes protection is associated with a decreased IFN-gamma to IL-4 mRNA ratio within T cell-infiltrated pancreatic islets, but this is a secondary consequence rather than the cause of disease resistance. |
| 2817 | 11145720 | Unexpectedly, we also found that the ability of BCG and, to a lesser extent, CFA to inhibit IDDM development in standard NOD mice is actually dependent upon the presence of the Th1 cytokine, IFN-gamma. |
| 2818 | 11145720 | Numerous immunostimulatory protocols inhibit the development of T cell-mediated autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. |
| 2819 | 11145720 | Many of these protocols, including treatment with the nonspecific immunostimulatory agents CFA or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, have been reported to mediate protection by skewing the pattern of cytokines produced by pancreatic beta-cell autoreactive T cells from a Th1 (IFN-gamma) to a Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) profile. |
| 2820 | 11145720 | To partially address this issue we produced NOD mice genetically deficient in IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10. |
| 2821 | 11145720 | Additional experiments using these mice confirmed that CFA- or BCG-elicited diabetes protection is associated with a decreased IFN-gamma to IL-4 mRNA ratio within T cell-infiltrated pancreatic islets, but this is a secondary consequence rather than the cause of disease resistance. |
| 2822 | 11145720 | Unexpectedly, we also found that the ability of BCG and, to a lesser extent, CFA to inhibit IDDM development in standard NOD mice is actually dependent upon the presence of the Th1 cytokine, IFN-gamma. |
| 2823 | 11145720 | Numerous immunostimulatory protocols inhibit the development of T cell-mediated autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. |
| 2824 | 11145720 | Many of these protocols, including treatment with the nonspecific immunostimulatory agents CFA or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, have been reported to mediate protection by skewing the pattern of cytokines produced by pancreatic beta-cell autoreactive T cells from a Th1 (IFN-gamma) to a Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) profile. |
| 2825 | 11145720 | To partially address this issue we produced NOD mice genetically deficient in IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10. |
| 2826 | 11145720 | Additional experiments using these mice confirmed that CFA- or BCG-elicited diabetes protection is associated with a decreased IFN-gamma to IL-4 mRNA ratio within T cell-infiltrated pancreatic islets, but this is a secondary consequence rather than the cause of disease resistance. |
| 2827 | 11145720 | Unexpectedly, we also found that the ability of BCG and, to a lesser extent, CFA to inhibit IDDM development in standard NOD mice is actually dependent upon the presence of the Th1 cytokine, IFN-gamma. |
| 2828 | 11145848 | We have studied the ability of this OMV vaccine preparation to induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) in a human whole blood model. |
| 2829 | 11145848 | Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were massively increased; mean peak levels of TNF-alpha 44 696+/-7764, IL-1beta 38 043+/-5411, IL-6 10 057+/-1619 and IL-8 30 449+/-5397 pg/ml were obtained with an OMV-LPS concentration of 1 microg/ml; corresponding levels in control plasmas were below the detection limit of the assay. |
| 2830 | 11145848 | OMV-LPS did not induce release of IL-4 and IL-13 in doses from 0.001-10 microg/ml. |
| 2831 | 11145848 | We have studied the ability of this OMV vaccine preparation to induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) in a human whole blood model. |
| 2832 | 11145848 | Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were massively increased; mean peak levels of TNF-alpha 44 696+/-7764, IL-1beta 38 043+/-5411, IL-6 10 057+/-1619 and IL-8 30 449+/-5397 pg/ml were obtained with an OMV-LPS concentration of 1 microg/ml; corresponding levels in control plasmas were below the detection limit of the assay. |
| 2833 | 11145848 | OMV-LPS did not induce release of IL-4 and IL-13 in doses from 0.001-10 microg/ml. |
| 2834 | 11150544 | We demonstrated significant correlations of cytokine mRNA and protein expression for TNF alpha, IL10, and IFN gamma. |
| 2835 | 11150544 | Expression of IL2 mRNA at 16 h was correlated with proliferation indices at 96 h whereas IL4 mRNA levels were negatively correlated. |
| 2836 | 11160013 | Thus, flow cytometry analyses showed an increase in the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD40, CD54, CD58, CD83, and CD86 molecules on the monocytes. |
| 2837 | 11160013 | The increase in cell surface expression of MHC class II did not occur in the presence of neutralizing IL-4 antibody or in cultures of highly purified monocytes or CD4-depleted mononuclear cells. |
| 2838 | 11160013 | Activated Th2 cells release IL-4, which in turn can induce an increase in the expression of MHC class II molecules on monocytes. |
| 2839 | 11160013 | Thus, flow cytometry analyses showed an increase in the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD40, CD54, CD58, CD83, and CD86 molecules on the monocytes. |
| 2840 | 11160013 | The increase in cell surface expression of MHC class II did not occur in the presence of neutralizing IL-4 antibody or in cultures of highly purified monocytes or CD4-depleted mononuclear cells. |
| 2841 | 11160013 | Activated Th2 cells release IL-4, which in turn can induce an increase in the expression of MHC class II molecules on monocytes. |
| 2842 | 11160264 | In this study, we have investigated the use of plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccination to elicit Th2 effector cell function in an Ag-specific manner and in turn prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. pDNA recombinants were engineered encoding a secreted fusion protein consisting of a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) linked to IgGFc, and IL-4. |
| 2843 | 11160264 | Intramuscular injection of pDNA encoding GAD65-IgGFc and IL-4 effectively prevented diabetes in NOD mice treated at early or late preclinical stages of IDDM. |
| 2844 | 11160264 | This protection was GAD65-specific since NOD mice immunized with pDNA encoding hen egg lysozyme-IgGFc and IL-4 continued to develop diabetes. |
| 2845 | 11160264 | Importantly, GAD65-specific immune deviation was dependent on pDNA-encoded IL-4. |
| 2846 | 11160264 | In fact, GAD65-specific Th1 cell reactivity was significantly enhanced in animals immunized with pDNA encoding only GAD65-IgGFc. |
| 2847 | 11160264 | In this study, we have investigated the use of plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccination to elicit Th2 effector cell function in an Ag-specific manner and in turn prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. pDNA recombinants were engineered encoding a secreted fusion protein consisting of a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) linked to IgGFc, and IL-4. |
| 2848 | 11160264 | Intramuscular injection of pDNA encoding GAD65-IgGFc and IL-4 effectively prevented diabetes in NOD mice treated at early or late preclinical stages of IDDM. |
| 2849 | 11160264 | This protection was GAD65-specific since NOD mice immunized with pDNA encoding hen egg lysozyme-IgGFc and IL-4 continued to develop diabetes. |
| 2850 | 11160264 | Importantly, GAD65-specific immune deviation was dependent on pDNA-encoded IL-4. |
| 2851 | 11160264 | In fact, GAD65-specific Th1 cell reactivity was significantly enhanced in animals immunized with pDNA encoding only GAD65-IgGFc. |
| 2852 | 11160264 | In this study, we have investigated the use of plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccination to elicit Th2 effector cell function in an Ag-specific manner and in turn prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. pDNA recombinants were engineered encoding a secreted fusion protein consisting of a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) linked to IgGFc, and IL-4. |
| 2853 | 11160264 | Intramuscular injection of pDNA encoding GAD65-IgGFc and IL-4 effectively prevented diabetes in NOD mice treated at early or late preclinical stages of IDDM. |
| 2854 | 11160264 | This protection was GAD65-specific since NOD mice immunized with pDNA encoding hen egg lysozyme-IgGFc and IL-4 continued to develop diabetes. |
| 2855 | 11160264 | Importantly, GAD65-specific immune deviation was dependent on pDNA-encoded IL-4. |
| 2856 | 11160264 | In fact, GAD65-specific Th1 cell reactivity was significantly enhanced in animals immunized with pDNA encoding only GAD65-IgGFc. |
| 2857 | 11160264 | In this study, we have investigated the use of plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccination to elicit Th2 effector cell function in an Ag-specific manner and in turn prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. pDNA recombinants were engineered encoding a secreted fusion protein consisting of a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) linked to IgGFc, and IL-4. |
| 2858 | 11160264 | Intramuscular injection of pDNA encoding GAD65-IgGFc and IL-4 effectively prevented diabetes in NOD mice treated at early or late preclinical stages of IDDM. |
| 2859 | 11160264 | This protection was GAD65-specific since NOD mice immunized with pDNA encoding hen egg lysozyme-IgGFc and IL-4 continued to develop diabetes. |
| 2860 | 11160264 | Importantly, GAD65-specific immune deviation was dependent on pDNA-encoded IL-4. |
| 2861 | 11160264 | In fact, GAD65-specific Th1 cell reactivity was significantly enhanced in animals immunized with pDNA encoding only GAD65-IgGFc. |
| 2862 | 11160664 | As for Ctx-CtxB, rEtxB resulted in a Th2-biased immune response with high immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)/IgG2a antibody ratios and production of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10 as well as gamma interferon by proliferating T cells. |
| 2863 | 11164109 | To optimize antigen pulsing of DCs, we investigated mechanisms of antigen uptake and evaluated various laboratory parameters including class of myeloma protein, antigen exposure time, and DC maturational stage.DCs were generated by culturing peripheral blood stem cells from myeloma patients in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 2864 | 11165924 | Cells from susceptible L. amazonensis-infected CBA mice produced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 but no interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 2865 | 11165924 | On the other hand, resistant L. major-infected CBA mice produced IFN-gamma and IL-10, but IL-4 was detected only in the first week of infection. |
| 2866 | 11165924 | Cells from susceptible L. amazonensis-infected CBA mice produced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 but no interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 2867 | 11165924 | On the other hand, resistant L. major-infected CBA mice produced IFN-gamma and IL-10, but IL-4 was detected only in the first week of infection. |
| 2868 | 11166891 | Numerous antigen-specific T cells synthesising IFN-gamma (Th1) and IL-4 (Th2) were detectable using both intracellular staining and ELISPOT assays. |
| 2869 | 11166908 | The data showed a concomitant expression of interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon-gamma in PBMC of vaccinated foxes. |
| 2870 | 11166908 | No change was detected in the level of IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12 synthesis, whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha seemed involved in the activation of naive T lymphocytes. |
| 2871 | 11207323 | Splenocytes recovered at 5-6 mo after the last DNA administration exhibited a sustained IFN-gamma and IL-10 secretion and reduced IL-4 production. |
| 2872 | 11207323 | Recall challenge with PLA(2) boosted IFN-gamma and IL-10 secretion, suggesting the reactivation of quiescent memory Th1 lymphocytes. |
| 2873 | 11228534 | IL-12 DNA administration induces long-lasting systemic IFN -gamma production, whereas IL-4 and TNF-alpha levels remained undetectable. |
| 2874 | 11233801 | Bacillus Calmette-Guerin down-regulates CD1b induction by granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in human peripheral blood monocytes. |
| 2875 | 11233801 | Since vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has limited efficacy, the influence of viable BCG organisms on the induction of CD1b antigen by granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been tested in adherent mononuclear cells obtained from peripheral blood of healthy donors. |
| 2876 | 11233801 | The results indicate that the vaccine reduces substantially CD1b induction by GM-CSF. |
| 2877 | 11233801 | Attempts to reverse the antagonistic effects of BCG on GM-CSF with high concentrations of GM-CSF, alone, or associated with IL-4, were unsuccessful. |
| 2878 | 11233843 | A new approach reveals that the largest cytokine change in tuberculosis is a 1-2 log increase in copy number for mRNAs encoding IL-4 and IL-13, accompanied by a small decrease in expression of mRNA encoding interferon-gamma. |
| 2879 | 11238201 | Up-regulation of CD40 ligand and induction of a Th2 response in children immunized with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. |
| 2880 | 11238201 | We wished to determine whether pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens induce mRNA expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and Th1 or Th2 cytokines in unimmunized individuals in vitro and whether immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine induces changes in CD40L and cytokine mRNA expression. |
| 2881 | 11238201 | Quantification of mRNA expression of CD40L, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-12p40, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was performed by reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-PCR with resting and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 2882 | 11238201 | The results showed a significant increase in the expression of mRNAs for CD40L and IL-4, but not IL-12p40 or IFN-gamma, in stimulated cultures from unimmunized individuals. |
| 2883 | 11238201 | CD40L and IL-4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in postimmunization than in preimmunization samples stimulated with the individual pneumococcal serotypes. |
| 2884 | 11238201 | Up-regulation of CD40 ligand and induction of a Th2 response in children immunized with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. |
| 2885 | 11238201 | We wished to determine whether pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens induce mRNA expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and Th1 or Th2 cytokines in unimmunized individuals in vitro and whether immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine induces changes in CD40L and cytokine mRNA expression. |
| 2886 | 11238201 | Quantification of mRNA expression of CD40L, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-12p40, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was performed by reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-PCR with resting and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 2887 | 11238201 | The results showed a significant increase in the expression of mRNAs for CD40L and IL-4, but not IL-12p40 or IFN-gamma, in stimulated cultures from unimmunized individuals. |
| 2888 | 11238201 | CD40L and IL-4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in postimmunization than in preimmunization samples stimulated with the individual pneumococcal serotypes. |
| 2889 | 11238201 | Up-regulation of CD40 ligand and induction of a Th2 response in children immunized with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. |
| 2890 | 11238201 | We wished to determine whether pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens induce mRNA expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and Th1 or Th2 cytokines in unimmunized individuals in vitro and whether immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine induces changes in CD40L and cytokine mRNA expression. |
| 2891 | 11238201 | Quantification of mRNA expression of CD40L, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-12p40, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was performed by reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-PCR with resting and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 2892 | 11238201 | The results showed a significant increase in the expression of mRNAs for CD40L and IL-4, but not IL-12p40 or IFN-gamma, in stimulated cultures from unimmunized individuals. |
| 2893 | 11238201 | CD40L and IL-4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in postimmunization than in preimmunization samples stimulated with the individual pneumococcal serotypes. |
| 2894 | 11238679 | Following enrichment, DC developed an activated phenotype with up-regulation of CD80, CD86, and CD83 expression. |
| 2895 | 11238679 | During culture, the DC maintained their levels of various adhesion molecules, including CD44, LFA-1, cutaneous lymphocyte-associated Ag, and CD49d, up-regulated CCR7, but lost CD62 ligand and CCR5. |
| 2896 | 11238679 | Induction of IFN-gamma production, however, was seen only with i.d. and i.l. routes of administration, and no IL-4 responses were seen regardless of route, consistent with the induction of Th1-type immunity. |
| 2897 | 11248075 | Higher levels of CD4(+) T-cell-derived IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 syntheses were noted in Peyer's patch-null mice fed OVA, whereas OVA-fed normal mice had suppressed cytokine levels. |
| 2898 | 11248361 | Prophylactic administration of HSV-2 ISCOM vaccine to mice elicits local antibody detectable in nasal washings, serum antibody and the presence of cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 in supernatants from spleen cell cultures stimulated in vitro with HSV-2 antigens. |
| 2899 | 11248361 | Treatment of HSV-2 infected mice with the HSV-2 ISCOM vaccine also induces higher levels of the cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4, in in vitro stimulated spleen cell cultures. |
| 2900 | 11248361 | Prophylactic administration of HSV-2 ISCOM vaccine to mice elicits local antibody detectable in nasal washings, serum antibody and the presence of cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 in supernatants from spleen cell cultures stimulated in vitro with HSV-2 antigens. |
| 2901 | 11248361 | Treatment of HSV-2 infected mice with the HSV-2 ISCOM vaccine also induces higher levels of the cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4, in in vitro stimulated spleen cell cultures. |
| 2902 | 11251876 | Both LT and CT induce B7-2 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for subsequent co-stimulatory signalling to CD4+ T cells. |
| 2903 | 11251876 | CT directly affects CD4+ T cells activated via the TCR-CD3 complex with selective inhibition of Th1 responses whereas LT maintains Th1 cytokine responses with inhibition of interleukin (IL)-4 production. |
| 2904 | 11251876 | Nontoxic mutant (m)CTs (S61F and E112K) retain adjuvant properties by inducing CD4+ Th2 cells, which provided effective help for the Ag-specific mucosal immunoglobulin (Ig)A, as well as serum IgG1, IgE and IgA Ab responses. |
| 2905 | 11251876 | Firstly, mCT enhanced the B7-2 expression of APCs. |
| 2906 | 11254580 | The characteristic interleukin 4 (IL-4) switch that occurs in the CD4 T-cell population after an acute blood stage P. c. chabaudi infection was only consistently observed in the response to the amino acid 900 to 1507 MSP1 fragment. |
| 2907 | 11257383 | Modulation of antigen-specific cellular immune responses to DNA vaccination in rhesus macaques through the use of IL-2, IFN-gamma, or IL-4 gene adjuvants. |
| 2908 | 11257383 | We co-immunized rhesus macaques with expression plasmids encoding for IL-2, IFN-gamma or IL-4 cytokines along with the DNA vaccine constructs encoding for HIV env/rev (pCEnv) and SIV gag/pol (pCSGag/pol) proteins. |
| 2909 | 11257383 | We observed that coadministration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma cDNA resulted in enhancement of antigen-specific T cell-mediated immune responses. |
| 2910 | 11257383 | Modulation of antigen-specific cellular immune responses to DNA vaccination in rhesus macaques through the use of IL-2, IFN-gamma, or IL-4 gene adjuvants. |
| 2911 | 11257383 | We co-immunized rhesus macaques with expression plasmids encoding for IL-2, IFN-gamma or IL-4 cytokines along with the DNA vaccine constructs encoding for HIV env/rev (pCEnv) and SIV gag/pol (pCSGag/pol) proteins. |
| 2912 | 11257383 | We observed that coadministration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma cDNA resulted in enhancement of antigen-specific T cell-mediated immune responses. |
| 2913 | 11257386 | Oral immunisation with the blastospore yeast form (but not subcutaneous immunisation) induced clinical immunity, with a shift in parameters of cytokine response characterised by an early and sustained production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 from antigen-stimulated cervical node T lymphocytes. |
| 2914 | 11260324 | In order to address this issue a murine melanoma cell line (K1735) was transfected to secrete interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); cytokines currently in use in trials. |
| 2915 | 11260324 | Anti-tumour cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity was detected in both models but did not correlate well with protection, whilst in vitro anti-tumour interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion tended to be higher following the GM-CSF-secreting vaccine. |
| 2916 | 11269272 | These studies showed a significant increase in the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 message in the skin in areas of cercarial penetration. |
| 2917 | 11269272 | The IL-4 message was detectable in the skin as early as 8 h after infection and the message for IL-10 appeared from 16 h after infection. |
| 2918 | 11269272 | In sharp contrast, vaccination with irradiated cercariae induced IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses in the skin within 24 h. |
| 2919 | 11269272 | Analysis of the cytokine profile of cells isolated from the skin during these early time points showed that T cells are probably not a source of IL-4 or IL-10 in the skin of mice infected with normal cercariae. |
| 2920 | 11269272 | Analysis of the CD4/CD8 ratio showed a significant decrease in the skin following vaccination suggesting an increase in CD8+ cells. |
| 2921 | 11269272 | These studies showed a significant increase in the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 message in the skin in areas of cercarial penetration. |
| 2922 | 11269272 | The IL-4 message was detectable in the skin as early as 8 h after infection and the message for IL-10 appeared from 16 h after infection. |
| 2923 | 11269272 | In sharp contrast, vaccination with irradiated cercariae induced IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses in the skin within 24 h. |
| 2924 | 11269272 | Analysis of the cytokine profile of cells isolated from the skin during these early time points showed that T cells are probably not a source of IL-4 or IL-10 in the skin of mice infected with normal cercariae. |
| 2925 | 11269272 | Analysis of the CD4/CD8 ratio showed a significant decrease in the skin following vaccination suggesting an increase in CD8+ cells. |
| 2926 | 11269272 | These studies showed a significant increase in the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 message in the skin in areas of cercarial penetration. |
| 2927 | 11269272 | The IL-4 message was detectable in the skin as early as 8 h after infection and the message for IL-10 appeared from 16 h after infection. |
| 2928 | 11269272 | In sharp contrast, vaccination with irradiated cercariae induced IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses in the skin within 24 h. |
| 2929 | 11269272 | Analysis of the cytokine profile of cells isolated from the skin during these early time points showed that T cells are probably not a source of IL-4 or IL-10 in the skin of mice infected with normal cercariae. |
| 2930 | 11269272 | Analysis of the CD4/CD8 ratio showed a significant decrease in the skin following vaccination suggesting an increase in CD8+ cells. |
| 2931 | 11269323 | Furthermore, these levels were increased by the coinoculation of cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-4, GM-CSF, or IL-12) expression plasmid. |
| 2932 | 11269323 | In respect to the SERA-specific Ig subclasses, coinoculation of IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, or IL-12 expression plasmid increased the levels of SERA-specific IgG2a, and these were much higher than that in mice immunized with SERA expression plasmid alone. |
| 2933 | 11282190 | Intramuscular injection of mixed DNA constructs encoding for HIV-1 Gag, Tat and Nef proteins, co-administered with the DNA encoding for interleukin-18 (IL-18) have been used. |
| 2934 | 11282190 | It was demonstrated that at least two DNA immunizations were necessary to generate virus specific Th-1 responses detected by the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and by the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 and IL-10, in antigen-stimulated splenocyte cultures. |
| 2935 | 11282190 | Interestingly, co-delivery of Th-1-inducing IL-18 gene was able to shorten by 2 weeks, the CTL induction time, and to increase the antigen-induced secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2936 | 11282206 | These findings are supported by a high interferon-gamma but a low interleukin-4 level detected in the supernatant of splenic cell cultures obtained from mucosally immunized mice. |
| 2937 | 11282986 | Differential effect of CD8(+) and CD8(-) dendritic cells in the stimulation of secondary CD4(+) T cells. |
| 2938 | 11282986 | Subsets of mature murine DC isolated directly from the spleen have been shown to differ in their ability to induce proliferative responses in both primary CD4(+) and primary CD8(+) T cells; the myeloid-related CD8alpha(-) DC induce a more intense or prolonged proliferation of naive T cells than do the lymphoid-related DC bearing CD8alpha despite similar expression of MHC and co-stimulatory molecules. |
| 2939 | 11282986 | We show that influenza virus-specific CD4(+) T cell clones and splenic T cells from peptide-primed animals proliferated in response to antigen presented by separated splenic CD8(-) DC. |
| 2940 | 11282986 | The differential between the two DC types in inducing proliferation was even more pronounced than previously seen with primary T cells and did not reflect differential longevity of the DC in culture, altered response kinetics or deviation from IL-2 to IL-4 induction with CD8(+) DC, but was related to the levels of IL-2 induced. |
| 2941 | 11282986 | These results show that lymphoid-related CD8(+) splenic DC, despite their mature phenotype, fail to provide appropriate signals to secondary CD4(+) T cells to sustain their proliferation. |
| 2942 | 11283156 | B7-DC fails to bind the B7.1/2 receptors CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4, but does bind PD-1, a receptor for B7-H1/PD-L1. |
| 2943 | 11283156 | In particular, B7-DC strongly costimulates interferon gamma but not interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10 production from isolated naive T cells. |
| 2944 | 11285124 | Cell-mediated responses were analyzed on days 0, 14 and 28 after vaccination by measuring lymphocyte proliferation and production of interferon (IFN)-gamma (Th1 marker) or interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 (Th2 markers) cytokines after in vitro stimulation with the PS and protein components of the vaccines. |
| 2945 | 11300494 | A majority of the patients had reduced TCRzeta chain expression and interleukin 4 production by T cells, and all of the patients showed decreased production of IFN-gamma of their peripheral T cells when compared with healthy individuals. |
| 2946 | 11313269 | In this study, blasts from 40 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were cultured with combinations of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin 4, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and development to DCs was assessed. |
| 2947 | 11313269 | After culture, cells from 24 samples exhibited morphological and immunophenotypic features of DCs, including expression of major histocompatibility complex class II, CD1a, CD83, and CD86, and were potent stimulators in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). |
| 2948 | 11313782 | We previously found that recombinant vaccinia and naked DNA vaccines containing the chimeric Sig/E7/LAMP-1 gene were capable of controlling the growth of HPV-16 E7-expressing tumor cells (TC-1). |
| 2949 | 11313782 | At a dose of 1 x 10(6) TC-1 cells per mouse, Sig/E7/LAMP-1 DNA provided 100% protection against subcutaneous growth of tumors, while Vac-Sig/E7/LAMP-1 protected only 40% of the mice. |
| 2950 | 11313782 | Furthermore, Sig/E7/LAMP-1 DNA vaccines are capable of protecting against challenge with a more stringent subclone of TC-1 (TC-1 P2) established from TC-1 tumors that survived initial Sig/E7/LAMP-1 vaccinia vaccination. |
| 2951 | 11313782 | Interestingly, Sig/E7/LAMP-1 vaccinia induced both E7-specific IFN-gamma- and IL4-secreting CD4(+) T cell precursors while Sig/E7/LAMP-1 DNA induced only E7-specific IFN-gamma-secreting CD4(+) T cell precursors. |
| 2952 | 11313782 | We also found that IL-4 knockout C57BL/6 mice vaccinated with Sig/E7/LAMP-1 vaccinia exhibited a more potent antitumor effect than vaccinated wild-type C57BL/6 mice in our tumor protection experiments. |
| 2953 | 11313782 | We previously found that recombinant vaccinia and naked DNA vaccines containing the chimeric Sig/E7/LAMP-1 gene were capable of controlling the growth of HPV-16 E7-expressing tumor cells (TC-1). |
| 2954 | 11313782 | At a dose of 1 x 10(6) TC-1 cells per mouse, Sig/E7/LAMP-1 DNA provided 100% protection against subcutaneous growth of tumors, while Vac-Sig/E7/LAMP-1 protected only 40% of the mice. |
| 2955 | 11313782 | Furthermore, Sig/E7/LAMP-1 DNA vaccines are capable of protecting against challenge with a more stringent subclone of TC-1 (TC-1 P2) established from TC-1 tumors that survived initial Sig/E7/LAMP-1 vaccinia vaccination. |
| 2956 | 11313782 | Interestingly, Sig/E7/LAMP-1 vaccinia induced both E7-specific IFN-gamma- and IL4-secreting CD4(+) T cell precursors while Sig/E7/LAMP-1 DNA induced only E7-specific IFN-gamma-secreting CD4(+) T cell precursors. |
| 2957 | 11313782 | We also found that IL-4 knockout C57BL/6 mice vaccinated with Sig/E7/LAMP-1 vaccinia exhibited a more potent antitumor effect than vaccinated wild-type C57BL/6 mice in our tumor protection experiments. |
| 2958 | 11321239 | As a correlate, interleukin-4 (IL-4) production significantly decreased and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) slightly increased, resulting in a markedly decreased ratio of IL-4-IFN-gamma in OVA-presensitized rats with BCG infection. |
| 2959 | 11334498 | In vitro, both activate signal transduction pathways that result in the expression of cytokines, particularly of IL-4 and IFNgamma. |
| 2960 | 11348719 | Protective procedures elicited high frequencies of antigen-reactive alphabeta T cells with CD4+/CD8- and CD8+/CD4- phenotypes. |
| 2961 | 11348719 | Protection correlated with the abundance of hsp65-dependent cytotoxic CD8+/CD4-/CD44hi cells. |
| 2962 | 11348719 | IFN-gamma predominated over IL-4 among the hsp65-reactive CD8+/CD4- and CD4+/CD8- populations after J774-hsp65-, hsp65-liposome-, and hsp65-DNA-mediated immunizations, but similar levels of these cytokines prevailed after BCG vaccination. |
| 2963 | 11371766 | Similarly the demonstration of a very large relative increase in interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 expression, (together with IL-4delta2, the IL-4 splice variant), that correlates with lung damage, has been supported by data from flow cytometry and in situ hybridization, and indicates that a subversive T helper-2 (Th2) component in the response to M. tuberculosis may undermine the efficacy of immunity and contribute to immunopathology. |
| 2964 | 11395213 | Furthermore, Vaxfectin had no effect on IFN-gamma or IL-4 production by splenocytes re-stimulated with antigen, suggesting that the Th1 type responses typical of intramuscular pDNA immunization were not altered. |
| 2965 | 11401992 | The presence of gamma interferon IFN-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNAs but absence of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 mRNAs were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from immunized subjects after in vitro challenge with outer membrane vesicles. |
| 2966 | 11418309 | In vivo transfection and/or cross-priming of dendritic cells following DNA and adenoviral immunizations for immunotherapy of cancer--changes in peripheral mononuclear subsets and intracellular IL-4 and IFN-gamma lymphokine profile. |
| 2967 | 11418309 | One approach is to genetically manipulate tumor cells to either secrete lymphokines (GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-15) or express membrane bound molecules (CD80, CD86). |
| 2968 | 11418309 | We have successfully completed a phase I and phase II clinical trials on immunotherapy of prostate cancer using naked DNA and adenoviral immunizations against the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and phase I clinical trial on colorectal cancer using naked DNA immunization against the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). |
| 2969 | 11418677 | Lymphocyte trafficking in the gastrointestinal tract is primarily mediated by interactions with the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 and its lymphocyte ligand, alpha(4)beta(7), and partly by L-selectin (L-Sel) interactions with peripheral node addressin coexpressed on some mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1. |
| 2970 | 11418677 | L-Sel(-/-) Peyer's patch (PP) CD4(+) Th cells revealed IFN-gamma-dominated responses and an unprecedented absence of IL-4, whereas the expected mixed Th cell phenotype developed in L-Sel(+/+) mice. |
| 2971 | 11418698 | We previously demonstrated that administration of plasmid DNAs (pDNAs) encoding IL-4 and a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) fused to IgGFc induces GAD65-specific Th2 cells and prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. |
| 2972 | 11418698 | Insulin was chosen based on studies demonstrating that administration of insulin or insulin B chain by a variety of strategies prevents IDDM in NOD mice. |
| 2973 | 11418698 | Surprisingly, young NOD mice receiving i.m. injections of pDNA encoding insulin B chain-IgGFc with or without IL-4 exhibited an accelerated progression of insulitis and developed early diabetes. |
| 2974 | 11418698 | Exacerbation of IDDM correlated with an increased frequency of IFN-gamma-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in response to insulin B chain-specific peptides compared with untreated mice. |
| 2975 | 11418698 | In contrast, treatment with pDNAs encoding insulin A chain-IgGFc and IL-4 elicited a low frequency of IL-4-secreting Th cells and had no effect on the progression of IDDM. |
| 2976 | 11418698 | Vaccination with pDNAs encoding GAD65-IgGFc and IL-4, however, prevented IDDM. |
| 2977 | 11418698 | These results demonstrate that insulin- and GAD65-specific T cell reactivity induced by pDNA vaccination has distinct effects on the progression of IDDM. |
| 2978 | 11418698 | We previously demonstrated that administration of plasmid DNAs (pDNAs) encoding IL-4 and a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) fused to IgGFc induces GAD65-specific Th2 cells and prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. |
| 2979 | 11418698 | Insulin was chosen based on studies demonstrating that administration of insulin or insulin B chain by a variety of strategies prevents IDDM in NOD mice. |
| 2980 | 11418698 | Surprisingly, young NOD mice receiving i.m. injections of pDNA encoding insulin B chain-IgGFc with or without IL-4 exhibited an accelerated progression of insulitis and developed early diabetes. |
| 2981 | 11418698 | Exacerbation of IDDM correlated with an increased frequency of IFN-gamma-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in response to insulin B chain-specific peptides compared with untreated mice. |
| 2982 | 11418698 | In contrast, treatment with pDNAs encoding insulin A chain-IgGFc and IL-4 elicited a low frequency of IL-4-secreting Th cells and had no effect on the progression of IDDM. |
| 2983 | 11418698 | Vaccination with pDNAs encoding GAD65-IgGFc and IL-4, however, prevented IDDM. |
| 2984 | 11418698 | These results demonstrate that insulin- and GAD65-specific T cell reactivity induced by pDNA vaccination has distinct effects on the progression of IDDM. |
| 2985 | 11418698 | We previously demonstrated that administration of plasmid DNAs (pDNAs) encoding IL-4 and a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) fused to IgGFc induces GAD65-specific Th2 cells and prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. |
| 2986 | 11418698 | Insulin was chosen based on studies demonstrating that administration of insulin or insulin B chain by a variety of strategies prevents IDDM in NOD mice. |
| 2987 | 11418698 | Surprisingly, young NOD mice receiving i.m. injections of pDNA encoding insulin B chain-IgGFc with or without IL-4 exhibited an accelerated progression of insulitis and developed early diabetes. |
| 2988 | 11418698 | Exacerbation of IDDM correlated with an increased frequency of IFN-gamma-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in response to insulin B chain-specific peptides compared with untreated mice. |
| 2989 | 11418698 | In contrast, treatment with pDNAs encoding insulin A chain-IgGFc and IL-4 elicited a low frequency of IL-4-secreting Th cells and had no effect on the progression of IDDM. |
| 2990 | 11418698 | Vaccination with pDNAs encoding GAD65-IgGFc and IL-4, however, prevented IDDM. |
| 2991 | 11418698 | These results demonstrate that insulin- and GAD65-specific T cell reactivity induced by pDNA vaccination has distinct effects on the progression of IDDM. |
| 2992 | 11418698 | We previously demonstrated that administration of plasmid DNAs (pDNAs) encoding IL-4 and a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) fused to IgGFc induces GAD65-specific Th2 cells and prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. |
| 2993 | 11418698 | Insulin was chosen based on studies demonstrating that administration of insulin or insulin B chain by a variety of strategies prevents IDDM in NOD mice. |
| 2994 | 11418698 | Surprisingly, young NOD mice receiving i.m. injections of pDNA encoding insulin B chain-IgGFc with or without IL-4 exhibited an accelerated progression of insulitis and developed early diabetes. |
| 2995 | 11418698 | Exacerbation of IDDM correlated with an increased frequency of IFN-gamma-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in response to insulin B chain-specific peptides compared with untreated mice. |
| 2996 | 11418698 | In contrast, treatment with pDNAs encoding insulin A chain-IgGFc and IL-4 elicited a low frequency of IL-4-secreting Th cells and had no effect on the progression of IDDM. |
| 2997 | 11418698 | Vaccination with pDNAs encoding GAD65-IgGFc and IL-4, however, prevented IDDM. |
| 2998 | 11418698 | These results demonstrate that insulin- and GAD65-specific T cell reactivity induced by pDNA vaccination has distinct effects on the progression of IDDM. |
| 2999 | 11427282 | A large-scale DNA vaccination trial was performed in sheep to investigate whether co-delivery of the cytokine genes IL-4, IL-5, IL-15, GM-CSF or IFN-gamma could modulate the immune response generated to an antigen, in a DNA prime-recombinant protein boost regime. |
| 3000 | 11427282 | Co-delivery of the EG95 DNA vaccine with DNA encoding GM-CSF enhanced the antibody titre to EG95 while co-delivery of IFN-gamma or IL-4 encoding DNA appeared to reduce the ability of the DNA vaccine to prime an IgG antibody response. |
| 3001 | 11427282 | A large-scale DNA vaccination trial was performed in sheep to investigate whether co-delivery of the cytokine genes IL-4, IL-5, IL-15, GM-CSF or IFN-gamma could modulate the immune response generated to an antigen, in a DNA prime-recombinant protein boost regime. |
| 3002 | 11427282 | Co-delivery of the EG95 DNA vaccine with DNA encoding GM-CSF enhanced the antibody titre to EG95 while co-delivery of IFN-gamma or IL-4 encoding DNA appeared to reduce the ability of the DNA vaccine to prime an IgG antibody response. |
| 3003 | 11440628 | Notably, the BVP22-YFP DNA construct induced a stronger T helper 1 (Th1) response, based on IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokine levels, and IgG2a/IgG1 ratios. |
| 3004 | 11441084 | Forty-two wild-type and analogue peptides derived from p53, carcinoembryonic Ag, Her2/neu, and MAGE2/3 were screened for their capacity to induce CTLs, in vitro, capable of recognizing tumor target lines. |
| 3005 | 11441084 | A total of 20 of 22 wild-type and 9 of 12 single amino acid substitution analogues were found to be immunogenic in primary in vitro CTL induction assays, using normal PBMCs and GM-CSF/IL-4-induced dendritic cells. |
| 3006 | 11442217 | Lymphokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) may mediate blood-stage specific protection. |
| 3007 | 11442217 | Here we identify Plasmodiumfalciparum MSP1 T-cell epitopes capable of rapid induction of IFN-gamma and/or IL-4 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of East and West African donors. |
| 3008 | 11442217 | Lymphokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) may mediate blood-stage specific protection. |
| 3009 | 11442217 | Here we identify Plasmodiumfalciparum MSP1 T-cell epitopes capable of rapid induction of IFN-gamma and/or IL-4 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of East and West African donors. |
| 3010 | 11447143 | We demonstrate here that although the LACK DNA vaccine induced a robust parasite-specific Th1 immune response (IFN-gamma but not IL-4 production) and primed for an in vivo T-cell response to inoculated parasites, it did not induce protection against cutaneous or systemic L. donovani challenge. |
| 3011 | 11447158 | Our results confirmed that DNA immunization with pXJ38 induces strong CD8(+) CTL and Th1 responses (high gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], low interleukin-4 [IL-4]). |
| 3012 | 11447158 | Small or undetectable amounts of IL-4 were observed, which indicates the induction of a Th1-like response. |
| 3013 | 11447158 | Our results confirmed that DNA immunization with pXJ38 induces strong CD8(+) CTL and Th1 responses (high gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], low interleukin-4 [IL-4]). |
| 3014 | 11447158 | Small or undetectable amounts of IL-4 were observed, which indicates the induction of a Th1-like response. |
| 3015 | 11454067 | C57Bl/6 mice immunized with this vaccine developed a strong T helper 1 (Th1) response characterized by an increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreted by CD4+ T cells. |
| 3016 | 11454067 | Neutralization of IL-6 during in vivo priming resulted in marked reduction in the ability of T cells to secrete IFN-gamma and IL-2 and to proliferate. |
| 3017 | 11454067 | IL-6 gene-disrupted mice primed with the vaccine showed a decrease in the number of IFN-gamma-producing cells and an increase in IL-4-secreting cells as compared to control mice. |
| 3018 | 11454067 | In contrast, neutralization of IL-6 during a boost of the vaccine in previously primed mice did not affect the development of IFN-gamma-producing cells but still increased the number of IL-4-producing cells. |
| 3019 | 11454067 | C57Bl/6 mice immunized with this vaccine developed a strong T helper 1 (Th1) response characterized by an increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreted by CD4+ T cells. |
| 3020 | 11454067 | Neutralization of IL-6 during in vivo priming resulted in marked reduction in the ability of T cells to secrete IFN-gamma and IL-2 and to proliferate. |
| 3021 | 11454067 | IL-6 gene-disrupted mice primed with the vaccine showed a decrease in the number of IFN-gamma-producing cells and an increase in IL-4-secreting cells as compared to control mice. |
| 3022 | 11454067 | In contrast, neutralization of IL-6 during a boost of the vaccine in previously primed mice did not affect the development of IFN-gamma-producing cells but still increased the number of IL-4-producing cells. |
| 3023 | 11457533 | Subcutaneous but not oral administration in BALB/c mice of the HS-PEC induced high amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-2 but low quantities of IL-4 suggesting a combined Th1/Th2 cellular immune response. |
| 3024 | 11457534 | Intramuscular injection of C57BL/6 mice with the pOVA/IL-18 DNA efficiently increased the production of both OVA-specific IFN-gamma and anti-OVA IgG2a isotype, compared with the injection with the pOVA DNA. |
| 3025 | 11457534 | In addition, the pOVA/IL-18 was more efficient than a simple mixture of pOVA and pIL-18 in inducing antigen-specific, Th1 immune responses and in inhibiting OVA-specific, IL-4 production. |
| 3026 | 11465110 | Neonatal bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination induces adult-like IFN-gamma production by CD4+ T lymphocytes. |
| 3027 | 11465110 | In this study, infants vaccinated at birth with BCG produced similar concentrations of IFN-gamma in response to PPD and showed similar frequencies of IFN-gamma-producing lymphocytes as compared to immune adults. |
| 3028 | 11465110 | Infants and adults produced only low concentrations of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 3029 | 11465110 | CD4+ T lymphocytes were the main source of IFN-gamma. |
| 3030 | 11465110 | This study demonstrates that the human neonatal immune response to BCG is not biased towards Th2 and is characterized by the predominant production of IFN-gamma by CD4+ T lymphocytes. |
| 3031 | 11485734 | We also show that DNA vaccines can be used to reverse established EAE by covaccination with the genes for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and IL-4. |
| 3032 | 11500399 | In addition, high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-12, IL-10, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and IL-4 production were detected in lung cells, and nitric oxide (NO) production was high in culture supernatants of bronchoalveolar lavage cells. |
| 3033 | 11500399 | High levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-12, IL-10, and NO were detected in the culture supernatants. |
| 3034 | 11500411 | Characterization of the cellular immune response induced against the protective amino-terminal fragment reveals production of gamma interferon and interleukin-2, but not interleukin-4, suggesting a Th1-like profile. |
| 3035 | 11500418 | A novel strain, Origami(DE3), of Escherichia coli with mutations in the glutathione and thioredoxin reductase genes yielded 60% more soluble PvMSP-1 p42 than the conventional E. coli BL21(DE3) strain. |
| 3036 | 11500418 | Lymphocytes from animals in all the PvMSP-1 p42-immunized groups showed proliferative responses upon stimulation with PvMSP-1 p42; the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, IL-4, and IL-10 were detected in the culture supernatants. |
| 3037 | 11500439 | To elaborate these ideas, we studied gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10 cytokine expression in 71 adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 74 controls from areas of endemicity in south India by 48-h microculture and reverse transcription-PCR. |
| 3038 | 11500439 | HLA DRB1* allele-dependent IFN-gamma expression was identified only in controls, suggesting a skewing of the immune response in patients. |
| 3039 | 11500439 | In contrast to the case for IFN-gamma, only some patients and controls expressed IL-4 or IL-10 (Th2 profile); thus, the Th1 profile was identifiable only by a nonexpression of IL-4 or IL-10 in this area of endemicity. |
| 3040 | 11500439 | To elaborate these ideas, we studied gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10 cytokine expression in 71 adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 74 controls from areas of endemicity in south India by 48-h microculture and reverse transcription-PCR. |
| 3041 | 11500439 | HLA DRB1* allele-dependent IFN-gamma expression was identified only in controls, suggesting a skewing of the immune response in patients. |
| 3042 | 11500439 | In contrast to the case for IFN-gamma, only some patients and controls expressed IL-4 or IL-10 (Th2 profile); thus, the Th1 profile was identifiable only by a nonexpression of IL-4 or IL-10 in this area of endemicity. |
| 3043 | 11509644 | This was associated with a T2 shift in spleen, expansion of IL-4-producing and, to a lesser extent, of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells in pancreatic lymph nodes, as well as intermolecular Th2 epitope spreading to glutamic acid decarboxylase determinants. |
| 3044 | 11509946 | To provide a means for comparing strategies for cytokine gene therapy against intracranial (i.c.) tumors, we generated rat gliosarcoma 9L cells transfected with interleukin-4 (9L-IL4), interleukin-12 (9L-IL12), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (9L-GMCSF) or interferon-alpha (9L-IFNalpha). |
| 3045 | 11514719 | Co-expression of IL-4 increased vaccinia virus vector titres, while IFN-gamma co-expression reduced vaccinia virus replication in BALB/c mice and in C57BL/6 mice infected with some recombinant viruses. |
| 3046 | 11535317 | The CCR7 ligands, secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC) and Epstein-Barr virus-induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine (ELC), were recently recognized as key molecules in establishing functional microenvironments for the initiation of immune responses in secondary lymphoid tissue. |
| 3047 | 11535317 | Systemic co-transfer of both CCR7 ligands enhanced serum gB-specific IgG Ab but failed to elicit enhancement of distal mucosal IgA responses. |
| 3048 | 11535317 | CCR7 ligands also enhanced T cell-mediated immunity as measured by CD4+ T helper cell proliferation and CD8+ T cell-mediated CTL activity. |
| 3049 | 11535317 | Of particular interest, is the observation that SLC significantly increased the production of Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) (P<0.05), whereas ELC increased the production of both Th1-type and Th2-type (IL-4) cytokines (P<0.05). |
| 3050 | 11535318 | Production of interferon-gamma, but not IL-4, was observed in response to DV stimulation. |
| 3051 | 11535318 | This candidate vaccine is immunogenic for both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. |
| 3052 | 11535343 | To better characterize the cytokine response to measles virus vaccine, we examined the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) in measles virus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 18 donors before and 2 weeks after vaccination. |
| 3053 | 11535343 | The majority of donors in both groups did not exhibit an increase in measles specific IL-4 or IL-10 mRNA after vaccination. |
| 3054 | 11535343 | To better characterize the cytokine response to measles virus vaccine, we examined the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) in measles virus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 18 donors before and 2 weeks after vaccination. |
| 3055 | 11535343 | The majority of donors in both groups did not exhibit an increase in measles specific IL-4 or IL-10 mRNA after vaccination. |
| 3056 | 11552998 | Efficient ex vivo generation of dendritic cells from CD14+ blood monocytes in the presence of human serum albumin for use in clinical vaccine trials. |
| 3057 | 11552998 | Using human serum albumin (HSA), we devised a constant and reproducible culture method for DC generation from peripheral blood CD14+ cells. |
| 3058 | 11552998 | The number of DC obtained with 2% HSA-supplemented cultures containing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 4 were consistently higher than in cultures with various concentrations of autologous plasma or serum. |
| 3059 | 11555409 | To evaluate the type of immunological response, mRNA transcription level for interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma were determined using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique in PBMCs of these volunteers. |
| 3060 | 11555409 | The results clearly demonstrated a high level of IL-4 expression in nonhealing cases of CL and a low expression level of transcripts for IFN-gamma and IL-12. |
| 3061 | 11555409 | In contrast, a high level of IFN-gamma and IL-12 expression and a low level of IL-4 and IL-10 expression were detected in the healing cases. |
| 3062 | 11555409 | To evaluate the type of immunological response, mRNA transcription level for interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma were determined using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique in PBMCs of these volunteers. |
| 3063 | 11555409 | The results clearly demonstrated a high level of IL-4 expression in nonhealing cases of CL and a low expression level of transcripts for IFN-gamma and IL-12. |
| 3064 | 11555409 | In contrast, a high level of IFN-gamma and IL-12 expression and a low level of IL-4 and IL-10 expression were detected in the healing cases. |
| 3065 | 11555409 | To evaluate the type of immunological response, mRNA transcription level for interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma were determined using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique in PBMCs of these volunteers. |
| 3066 | 11555409 | The results clearly demonstrated a high level of IL-4 expression in nonhealing cases of CL and a low expression level of transcripts for IFN-gamma and IL-12. |
| 3067 | 11555409 | In contrast, a high level of IFN-gamma and IL-12 expression and a low level of IL-4 and IL-10 expression were detected in the healing cases. |
| 3068 | 11558546 | Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that T cell lines derived from each animal expressed relatively high levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma mRNA, low levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNAs, but no detectable level of IL-4 mRNA. |
| 3069 | 11561730 | Especially, the co-administration of IL-4, or the GM-CSF gene with the RSV-F gene construct, enhanced the production of anti-RSV-F Ab. |
| 3070 | 11562066 | Specifically, we examined the effect of mycobacterial antigens, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and Mycobacterium vaccae, on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia, and plasma IL-4 and IL-12 levels in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and challenged Balb/c mice. |
| 3071 | 11564796 | Th-modified IL-5 DNA vaccination reduces the expression of IL-5 and IL-4 by approximately 50% in the airways of allergen-challenged mice. |
| 3072 | 11571536 | Once tumors were established, the surgical site tumor was debulked and vaccination of syngeneic tumor transfectants encoding genes for IL-4, IL-2, GM-CSF, B7-1 or allogeneic MHC molecules commenced at a site away from both tumors, and tumor growth was measured. |
| 3073 | 11580228 | A chimeric construct of an MHC class II binding peptide from the c-erb oncogene (Her-2/neu) containing the N-terminal flanking region of CLIP elicited potent antitumor activity against a Her-2/neu-positive tumor in a rat model system. |
| 3074 | 11580228 | The induction of effective antitumor immunity, however, required presentation of the chimeric peptide construct on irradiated tumor cells or the peptide construct in concert with a Her-2/neu MHC class I-restricted peptide from Her-2/neu. |
| 3075 | 11580228 | Additionally, in vitro analysis revealed that immunization with the parent peptide resulted in a weak immune response to the unmodified peptide consisting of both type 1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and type 2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine-producing cells analyzed by RT-PCR (qualitative and quantitative) and by limiting dilution assay. |
| 3076 | 11587806 | Formalin-treated RSV vaccination has been linked specifically to the induction of Th2 cells, which make IL-4 and IL-5 and induce a strong pulmonary eosinophilic response. |
| 3077 | 11591779 | The major T cell population in the lungs of naive mice was CD4(+), and these cells were shown to be predominantly of Th2 type as in vitro polyclonal stimulation resulted in IL-4, but not IFN-gamma, production. |
| 3078 | 11591779 | After nasal immunization with influenza Ag alone, Th2 cytokine mRNA (IL-4 and IL-5) levels were increased, whereas there was no change in Th1 cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) mRNA expression. |
| 3079 | 11591779 | Coincidentally, both macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and MIP-1beta mRNA expression increased in the lungs after immunization with Ag plus CT, while only MIP-1beta expression increased when mice were given influenza Ag alone. |
| 3080 | 11591779 | The major T cell population in the lungs of naive mice was CD4(+), and these cells were shown to be predominantly of Th2 type as in vitro polyclonal stimulation resulted in IL-4, but not IFN-gamma, production. |
| 3081 | 11591779 | After nasal immunization with influenza Ag alone, Th2 cytokine mRNA (IL-4 and IL-5) levels were increased, whereas there was no change in Th1 cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) mRNA expression. |
| 3082 | 11591779 | Coincidentally, both macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and MIP-1beta mRNA expression increased in the lungs after immunization with Ag plus CT, while only MIP-1beta expression increased when mice were given influenza Ag alone. |
| 3083 | 11598082 | In these mice, concentrations of type 1 (gamma interferon) and type 2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-5 and IL-10) cytokines in serum were lower and pleural neutrophils were more numerous. |
| 3084 | 11602637 | In vivo priming of CD4 T cells that produce interleukin (IL)-2 but not IL-4 or interferon (IFN)-gamma, and can subsequently differentiate into IL-4- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 3085 | 11602637 | The differentiation of antigen-stimulated naive CD4 T cells into T helper (Th)1 or Th2 effector cells can be prevented in vitro by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and anti-interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 3086 | 11602637 | These cells proliferate and synthesize interleukin (IL)-2 but not IFN-gamma or IL-4, and can differentiate into either Th1 or Th2 cells. |
| 3087 | 11602637 | We have now used two-color Elispots to reveal substantial numbers of primed cells producing IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma during the Th1- or Th2-biased immune responses induced by soluble proteins or with adjuvants. |
| 3088 | 11602637 | These cells were CD4(+)CD44(high) and were present during immediate and long-term immune responses of normal mice. |
| 3089 | 11602637 | Many in vivo-primed cells were uncommitted, secreting IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma at the first cloning step, but secreting either IL-4 or IFN-gamma after differentiation in the appropriate conditions. |
| 3090 | 11602637 | In vivo priming of CD4 T cells that produce interleukin (IL)-2 but not IL-4 or interferon (IFN)-gamma, and can subsequently differentiate into IL-4- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 3091 | 11602637 | The differentiation of antigen-stimulated naive CD4 T cells into T helper (Th)1 or Th2 effector cells can be prevented in vitro by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and anti-interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 3092 | 11602637 | These cells proliferate and synthesize interleukin (IL)-2 but not IFN-gamma or IL-4, and can differentiate into either Th1 or Th2 cells. |
| 3093 | 11602637 | We have now used two-color Elispots to reveal substantial numbers of primed cells producing IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma during the Th1- or Th2-biased immune responses induced by soluble proteins or with adjuvants. |
| 3094 | 11602637 | These cells were CD4(+)CD44(high) and were present during immediate and long-term immune responses of normal mice. |
| 3095 | 11602637 | Many in vivo-primed cells were uncommitted, secreting IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma at the first cloning step, but secreting either IL-4 or IFN-gamma after differentiation in the appropriate conditions. |
| 3096 | 11602637 | In vivo priming of CD4 T cells that produce interleukin (IL)-2 but not IL-4 or interferon (IFN)-gamma, and can subsequently differentiate into IL-4- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 3097 | 11602637 | The differentiation of antigen-stimulated naive CD4 T cells into T helper (Th)1 or Th2 effector cells can be prevented in vitro by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and anti-interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 3098 | 11602637 | These cells proliferate and synthesize interleukin (IL)-2 but not IFN-gamma or IL-4, and can differentiate into either Th1 or Th2 cells. |
| 3099 | 11602637 | We have now used two-color Elispots to reveal substantial numbers of primed cells producing IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma during the Th1- or Th2-biased immune responses induced by soluble proteins or with adjuvants. |
| 3100 | 11602637 | These cells were CD4(+)CD44(high) and were present during immediate and long-term immune responses of normal mice. |
| 3101 | 11602637 | Many in vivo-primed cells were uncommitted, secreting IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma at the first cloning step, but secreting either IL-4 or IFN-gamma after differentiation in the appropriate conditions. |
| 3102 | 11602637 | In vivo priming of CD4 T cells that produce interleukin (IL)-2 but not IL-4 or interferon (IFN)-gamma, and can subsequently differentiate into IL-4- or IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 3103 | 11602637 | The differentiation of antigen-stimulated naive CD4 T cells into T helper (Th)1 or Th2 effector cells can be prevented in vitro by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and anti-interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 3104 | 11602637 | These cells proliferate and synthesize interleukin (IL)-2 but not IFN-gamma or IL-4, and can differentiate into either Th1 or Th2 cells. |
| 3105 | 11602637 | We have now used two-color Elispots to reveal substantial numbers of primed cells producing IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma during the Th1- or Th2-biased immune responses induced by soluble proteins or with adjuvants. |
| 3106 | 11602637 | These cells were CD4(+)CD44(high) and were present during immediate and long-term immune responses of normal mice. |
| 3107 | 11602637 | Many in vivo-primed cells were uncommitted, secreting IL-2 but not IL-4 or IFN-gamma at the first cloning step, but secreting either IL-4 or IFN-gamma after differentiation in the appropriate conditions. |
| 3108 | 11672898 | We also tested the adjuvant activity of IL-12 and IL-4 on humoral responses to Sm23. |
| 3109 | 11672898 | Co-administration of plasmids encoding either IL-12 or IL-4 did not significantly enhance this protective effect. |
| 3110 | 11672898 | We also tested the adjuvant activity of IL-12 and IL-4 on humoral responses to Sm23. |
| 3111 | 11672898 | Co-administration of plasmids encoding either IL-12 or IL-4 did not significantly enhance this protective effect. |
| 3112 | 11672912 | Many bulk T cell lines induced IFN-gamma, IL-5, but not IL-4. |
| 3113 | 11672912 | Thus, it appears that T cell response to MMP II is restricted by the HLA-DRB1 molecule, but not by DQ and DP molecules, which results in the induction of IFN-gamma production. |
| 3114 | 11678901 | The IL-4 was produced mainly by CD4+ cells, in contrast to IFN-gamma which was produced equally by CD4+, CD8+ and TCR-gammadelta+ cells. |
| 3115 | 11681488 | Induction of interferon-gamma and IL-4 production by mitogen and specific antigens in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Type 1 diabetes patients. |
| 3116 | 11681488 | In this study the cellular responses to pokeweed mitogen and a panel of specific antigens were analysed by measuring the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokines at the levels of mRNA expression (expression index=antigen/medium) and protein secretion in culture supernatants. |
| 3117 | 11681488 | Newly diagnosed diabetic patients had significantly higher IFN-gamma mRNA expression index (p<0.02) but also higher IL-4 mRNA expression index (p<0.05) in tetanus toxoid stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to healthy controls. |
| 3118 | 11681488 | In conclusion, imbalance in both IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA levels was demonstrated between diabetic patients and healthy subjects. |
| 3119 | 11681488 | Induction of interferon-gamma and IL-4 production by mitogen and specific antigens in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Type 1 diabetes patients. |
| 3120 | 11681488 | In this study the cellular responses to pokeweed mitogen and a panel of specific antigens were analysed by measuring the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokines at the levels of mRNA expression (expression index=antigen/medium) and protein secretion in culture supernatants. |
| 3121 | 11681488 | Newly diagnosed diabetic patients had significantly higher IFN-gamma mRNA expression index (p<0.02) but also higher IL-4 mRNA expression index (p<0.05) in tetanus toxoid stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to healthy controls. |
| 3122 | 11681488 | In conclusion, imbalance in both IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA levels was demonstrated between diabetic patients and healthy subjects. |
| 3123 | 11681488 | Induction of interferon-gamma and IL-4 production by mitogen and specific antigens in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Type 1 diabetes patients. |
| 3124 | 11681488 | In this study the cellular responses to pokeweed mitogen and a panel of specific antigens were analysed by measuring the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokines at the levels of mRNA expression (expression index=antigen/medium) and protein secretion in culture supernatants. |
| 3125 | 11681488 | Newly diagnosed diabetic patients had significantly higher IFN-gamma mRNA expression index (p<0.02) but also higher IL-4 mRNA expression index (p<0.05) in tetanus toxoid stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to healthy controls. |
| 3126 | 11681488 | In conclusion, imbalance in both IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA levels was demonstrated between diabetic patients and healthy subjects. |
| 3127 | 11681488 | Induction of interferon-gamma and IL-4 production by mitogen and specific antigens in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Type 1 diabetes patients. |
| 3128 | 11681488 | In this study the cellular responses to pokeweed mitogen and a panel of specific antigens were analysed by measuring the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokines at the levels of mRNA expression (expression index=antigen/medium) and protein secretion in culture supernatants. |
| 3129 | 11681488 | Newly diagnosed diabetic patients had significantly higher IFN-gamma mRNA expression index (p<0.02) but also higher IL-4 mRNA expression index (p<0.05) in tetanus toxoid stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to healthy controls. |
| 3130 | 11681488 | In conclusion, imbalance in both IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA levels was demonstrated between diabetic patients and healthy subjects. |
| 3131 | 11691814 | Here we describe a novel RCC vaccine strategy that allows for the concomitant delivery of dual immune activators: G250, a widely expressed RCC associated antigen; and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immunomodulatory factor for antigen-presenting cells. |
| 3132 | 11691814 | When combined with interleukin 4 (IL-4; 1000 units/ml), FP (0.34 microg/ml) induces differentiation of monocytes (CD14+) into dendritic cells (DCs) expressing surface markers characteristic for antigen-presenting cells. |
| 3133 | 11691814 | Up-regulation of mature DCs (CD83+CD19-; 17% versus 6%) with enhanced expression of HLA class I and class II antigens was detected in FP-cultured DCs as compared with DCs cultured with recombinant GM-CSF. |
| 3134 | 11691814 | Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with FP alone (2.7 microg/10(7) cells) augments both T-cell helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine mRNA expression (IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). |
| 3135 | 11691814 | Comparison of various immune manipulation strategies in parallel, bulk PBMCs treated with FP (0.34 microg/ml) plus IL-4 (1000 units/ml) for 1 week and restimulated weekly with FP plus IL-2 (20 IU/ml) induced maximal growth expansion of active T cells expressing the T-cell receptor and specific anti-RCC cytotoxicity, which could be blocked by the addition of anti-HLA class I, anti-CD3, or anti-CD8 antibodies. |
| 3136 | 11691814 | These results suggest that GM-CSF-G250 FP is a potent immunostimulant with the capacity for activating immunomodulatory DCs and inducing a T-helper cell-supported, G250-targeted, and CD8+-mediated antitumor response. |
| 3137 | 11691814 | Here we describe a novel RCC vaccine strategy that allows for the concomitant delivery of dual immune activators: G250, a widely expressed RCC associated antigen; and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immunomodulatory factor for antigen-presenting cells. |
| 3138 | 11691814 | When combined with interleukin 4 (IL-4; 1000 units/ml), FP (0.34 microg/ml) induces differentiation of monocytes (CD14+) into dendritic cells (DCs) expressing surface markers characteristic for antigen-presenting cells. |
| 3139 | 11691814 | Up-regulation of mature DCs (CD83+CD19-; 17% versus 6%) with enhanced expression of HLA class I and class II antigens was detected in FP-cultured DCs as compared with DCs cultured with recombinant GM-CSF. |
| 3140 | 11691814 | Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with FP alone (2.7 microg/10(7) cells) augments both T-cell helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine mRNA expression (IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). |
| 3141 | 11691814 | Comparison of various immune manipulation strategies in parallel, bulk PBMCs treated with FP (0.34 microg/ml) plus IL-4 (1000 units/ml) for 1 week and restimulated weekly with FP plus IL-2 (20 IU/ml) induced maximal growth expansion of active T cells expressing the T-cell receptor and specific anti-RCC cytotoxicity, which could be blocked by the addition of anti-HLA class I, anti-CD3, or anti-CD8 antibodies. |
| 3142 | 11691814 | These results suggest that GM-CSF-G250 FP is a potent immunostimulant with the capacity for activating immunomodulatory DCs and inducing a T-helper cell-supported, G250-targeted, and CD8+-mediated antitumor response. |
| 3143 | 11691814 | Here we describe a novel RCC vaccine strategy that allows for the concomitant delivery of dual immune activators: G250, a widely expressed RCC associated antigen; and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immunomodulatory factor for antigen-presenting cells. |
| 3144 | 11691814 | When combined with interleukin 4 (IL-4; 1000 units/ml), FP (0.34 microg/ml) induces differentiation of monocytes (CD14+) into dendritic cells (DCs) expressing surface markers characteristic for antigen-presenting cells. |
| 3145 | 11691814 | Up-regulation of mature DCs (CD83+CD19-; 17% versus 6%) with enhanced expression of HLA class I and class II antigens was detected in FP-cultured DCs as compared with DCs cultured with recombinant GM-CSF. |
| 3146 | 11691814 | Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with FP alone (2.7 microg/10(7) cells) augments both T-cell helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine mRNA expression (IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). |
| 3147 | 11691814 | Comparison of various immune manipulation strategies in parallel, bulk PBMCs treated with FP (0.34 microg/ml) plus IL-4 (1000 units/ml) for 1 week and restimulated weekly with FP plus IL-2 (20 IU/ml) induced maximal growth expansion of active T cells expressing the T-cell receptor and specific anti-RCC cytotoxicity, which could be blocked by the addition of anti-HLA class I, anti-CD3, or anti-CD8 antibodies. |
| 3148 | 11691814 | These results suggest that GM-CSF-G250 FP is a potent immunostimulant with the capacity for activating immunomodulatory DCs and inducing a T-helper cell-supported, G250-targeted, and CD8+-mediated antitumor response. |
| 3149 | 11696194 | A reduction of SEA-driven lymphoproliferation and of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 production, together with an increase in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 production, were observed in splenic cells from CTB-Sm-p40-treated SEA-sensitized mice, as well as in liver leukocytes from CTB-Sm-p40-treated schistosome-infected mice. |
| 3150 | 11696586 | Combined allogeneic tumor cell vaccination and systemic interleukin 12 prevents mammary carcinogenesis in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. |
| 3151 | 11696586 | A significant improvement in tumor prevention was sought by administering allogeneic mammary carcinoma cells expressing HER-2/neu combined with systemic IL-12. |
| 3152 | 11696586 | The mammary glands of mice receiving the combined treatment displayed a markedly reduced epithelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and HER-2/neu expression, while the few hyperplastic foci were heavily infiltrated by granulocytes, macrophages, and CD8(+) lymphocytes. |
| 3153 | 11696586 | Specific anti-HER-2/neu antibodies were produced and a nonpolarized activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells secreting IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma were evident. |
| 3154 | 11696586 | A central role for IFN-gamma in the preventive effect was proven by the lack of efficacy of vaccination in IFN-gamma gene knockout HER-2/neu transgenic Balb/c mice. |
| 3155 | 11696586 | A possible requirement for IFN-gamma is related to its effect on antibody production, in particular on IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses, that were not induced in IFN-gamma knockout HER-2/neu mice. |
| 3156 | 11696586 | In conclusion, our data show that an allogeneic HER-2/neu-expressing cell vaccine combined with IL-12 systemic treatment can prevent the onset of genetically determined tumors. |
| 3157 | 11703320 | We have analysed the functional capability of DC generated in vitro from blood CD14(+) cells of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients and healthy donors by culturing for 10 d with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 3158 | 11703320 | Most of the DC generated from both patients and controls exhibited a mature phenotype indicated by CD83 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression, as well as by a characteristic morphology. |
| 3159 | 11703320 | CLL DC had a similar expression of accessory molecules (CD54, CD80 and CD86) as control DC. |
| 3160 | 11703320 | The mean fluorescence intensity of CD80 and MHC class I molecules was significantly higher on CLL DC than on control DC (P < 0.05). |
| 3161 | 11703320 | The expression of IL-4 and TNF-alpha was similar to that of control DC. |
| 3162 | 11703320 | We have analysed the functional capability of DC generated in vitro from blood CD14(+) cells of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients and healthy donors by culturing for 10 d with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 3163 | 11703320 | Most of the DC generated from both patients and controls exhibited a mature phenotype indicated by CD83 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression, as well as by a characteristic morphology. |
| 3164 | 11703320 | CLL DC had a similar expression of accessory molecules (CD54, CD80 and CD86) as control DC. |
| 3165 | 11703320 | The mean fluorescence intensity of CD80 and MHC class I molecules was significantly higher on CLL DC than on control DC (P < 0.05). |
| 3166 | 11703320 | The expression of IL-4 and TNF-alpha was similar to that of control DC. |
| 3167 | 11709285 | However, the inhibition is not alleviated by blocking with antibodies to IL-4, IL-10 or TGF-beta. |
| 3168 | 11709285 | Fractionation of the splenocyte population from S. mansoni-infected mice shows that the suppression is mediated by a non-B, non-T cell that expresses CD16 and Mac-1, but not FcepsilonR or NK1.1. |
| 3169 | 11711604 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed by recombinant respiratory syncytial virus attenuates viral replication and increases the level of pulmonary antigen-presenting cells. |
| 3170 | 11711604 | To investigate methods to augment the immune response, recombinant RSV (rRSV) was constructed that expresses murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) from a transcription cassette inserted into the G-F intergenic region. |
| 3171 | 11711604 | Mice infected with rRSV/mGM-CSF had elevated levels of pulmonary mRNA for gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) p40 compared to animals infected by wild-type rRSV. |
| 3172 | 11711604 | The accumulation of total pulmonary mononuclear cells and total CD4(+) T lymphocytes was accelerated in animals infected with rRSV/mGM-CSF compared to that in animals infected with the control virus, and the level of IFN-gamma-positive or IL-4-positive pulmonary CD4(+) cells was elevated approximately twofold. |
| 3173 | 11716105 | By use of flow cytometry for the intracellular detection of cytokines an overall expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing the Type 1 cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma was observed in adults when compared with children, giving credit to the cumulative effect of contacts with environmental antigens. |
| 3174 | 11716105 | The CD4+ cells expressing the Type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, however, increased only in Africans, probably reflecting continuously present challenges with antigens that preferentially drive Type 2 responses. |
| 3175 | 11726219 | Generation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses by dendritic cells armed with PSA/anti-PSA (antigen/antibody) complexes. |
| 3176 | 11726219 | We compared the capacity of DC to generate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses after exposure to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) alone, PSA targeted to the mannose receptor (mannosylated PSA (PSA-m)), or PSA targeted to Fc receptors by combining PSA with an anti-PSA antibody (AR47.47). |
| 3177 | 11726219 | Autologous CD3(+) T cells were added to monocyte-derived immature DC that had been cultured with GM-CSF/IL-4 for 4 days, exposed to antigen, and matured with CD40L or TNFalpha/IFN-alpha. |
| 3178 | 11726219 | Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses were observed after stimulation with DC exposed to the PSA/anti-PSA complexes, whereas CD4(+) predominated over CD8(+) T cell responses after stimulation with PSA-armed DC or PSA-m. |
| 3179 | 11726219 | These CD8(+) T cells responded when rechallenged with DC pulsed with HLA allele-restricted PSA peptides. |
| 3180 | 11731436 | The vaccine used immature DC (CD14-, CD80+, CD86+, CD83-, and HLA-DR+) generated from peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 3181 | 11738755 | The cytokine profile produced by splenocytes showed a high level of IL-4 in the inactivated virus group, high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-12 in the DNA vaccine group, and high levels of IL-10 and IFN-gamma in the VP1 protein group. |
| 3182 | 11739538 | These responses were associated with Ag-specific IFN-gamma and/or TNF-alpha secretion, but not IL-4, consistent with induction of Th1 immunity. |
| 3183 | 11739872 | Assessment of immune function by mitogen T cell proliferation, mitogen-induced interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 levels, IgG antibody responses and natural killer cell activity were not significantly different in mild to moderately biotin-deficient rats compared with biotin-sufficient controls. |
| 3184 | 11745358 | We found that, mainly CD8 T cells produced high levels of IL-13, while producing low levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma, upon primary and secondary stimulation. |
| 3185 | 11754351 | Lower expression levels in beta-cells support immune regulation resulting in induction of autoreactive, regulatory cells characterized by increased IL-4 production (Th2-like), whereas higher levels favor Th1-like autoaggressive responses characterized by augmented IFN-gamma generation. |
| 3186 | 11756976 | In vivo production of IL-12 was decreased during the viremic phase of the illness, and production of IL-4 was increased during and after atypical measles, compared with measles. |
| 3187 | 11759072 | Dendritic cells were derived from bone marrow and cultured in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/interleukin 4 before pulsation with tumor lysate. |
| 3188 | 11759072 | Multiple subcutaneous administrations of tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells (TP-DCs) resulted in an approximately eightfold hypertrophy of the vaccine draining nodes, with an increased influx of dendritic (CD11c+/CD80+) cells and B (B220+) cells. |
| 3189 | 11759072 | The vaccine-primed lymph node (VPLN) cells were secondarily activated with anti-CD3/interleukin 2 and exhibited specific interferon-gamma release to tumor antigen. |
| 3190 | 11764291 | A high level of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response was also observed, and a high level of IFN-gamma and IL-4 production was induced by the improved skin application of DNA vaccine. |
| 3191 | 11764291 | High levels of both HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte and delayed type hypersensitivity in topical application were induced by coadministration of the DNA vaccine with IL-12 expression plasmids and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression plasmids. |
| 3192 | 11803084 | These responses were characterized by production of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and anti-MAP1 antibodies of predominantly IgG2a isotype, and were critical for protection against C. ruminantium infection. |
| 3193 | 11803084 | In addition, DBA/2 mice immunized with the recombinant MAP1 protein without DNA vaccine priming produced non-protective T(H2) type immune responses which were characterized by production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IgG1 anti-MAP1 antibodies. |
| 3194 | 11803949 | Gene gun immunisation induced a ThO type of immune response in mice characterised by a high IgG1/IgG2a ratio, and IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production. |
| 3195 | 11826917 | Interleukin-12 and interleukin-18 are macrophage products that favor the development of Th1 type of protective immune response. |
| 3196 | 11826917 | The production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, TGF-beta and IL-4 in response to M. tuberculosis may down regulate the immune response and limit tissue injury by inhibiting excessive inflammatory response. |
| 3197 | 11836673 | Systems studied have included lysis by interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a p16-expressing adenovirus vector, suicide gene therapy using the herpes simplex virus-tyrosine kinase (HSV-tk) followed by ganciclovir, and immunomodulatory gene therapy with IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-6, and IL-1beta transfected into tumors. |
| 3198 | 11836673 | Since platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is thought to be an autocrine growth factor for mesothelioma STI-571 (Gleevec; Novartis, Basel, Switzerland), a highly selective inhibitor of the PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase, is being tested in a phase II trial. |
| 3199 | 11840267 | Leukaemia cells derived from 42 patients with AML were cultured in vitro with cytokines GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNFalpha/CD40L. |
| 3200 | 11845255 | Vaccination of stage IV patients with allogeneic IL-4- or IL-2-gene-transduced melanoma cells generates functional antibodies against vaccinating and autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3201 | 11845255 | The antibody (Ab) response to allogeneic Me14932 and autologous melanoma cells was analyzed in 13 Stage IV (AJCC) melanoma patients immunized with Me14932 cells transduced with the IL-4 (Me14932/IL-4) ( n=10) or IL-2 (Me14932/IL-2) ( n=3) gene. |
| 3202 | 11845255 | Among 8 patients that received four vaccinations, 3/5 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-4 cells developed Ab (IgG and/or IgM) to Me14932 ( n=3) and to autologous ( n=2) melanoma cells, and 2/3 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-2 cells developed Ab (IgG) to Me14932, but not to autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3203 | 11845255 | Further, among these 5 responding patients, circulating Ab against the HLA-A3 allele, expressed only on vaccinating cells, were identified in the immune sera of 4 patients immunized with Me14932/IL-4 ( n=2) or Me14932/IL-2 ( n=2) cells. |
| 3204 | 11845255 | Vaccination of stage IV patients with allogeneic IL-4- or IL-2-gene-transduced melanoma cells generates functional antibodies against vaccinating and autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3205 | 11845255 | The antibody (Ab) response to allogeneic Me14932 and autologous melanoma cells was analyzed in 13 Stage IV (AJCC) melanoma patients immunized with Me14932 cells transduced with the IL-4 (Me14932/IL-4) ( n=10) or IL-2 (Me14932/IL-2) ( n=3) gene. |
| 3206 | 11845255 | Among 8 patients that received four vaccinations, 3/5 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-4 cells developed Ab (IgG and/or IgM) to Me14932 ( n=3) and to autologous ( n=2) melanoma cells, and 2/3 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-2 cells developed Ab (IgG) to Me14932, but not to autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3207 | 11845255 | Further, among these 5 responding patients, circulating Ab against the HLA-A3 allele, expressed only on vaccinating cells, were identified in the immune sera of 4 patients immunized with Me14932/IL-4 ( n=2) or Me14932/IL-2 ( n=2) cells. |
| 3208 | 11845255 | Vaccination of stage IV patients with allogeneic IL-4- or IL-2-gene-transduced melanoma cells generates functional antibodies against vaccinating and autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3209 | 11845255 | The antibody (Ab) response to allogeneic Me14932 and autologous melanoma cells was analyzed in 13 Stage IV (AJCC) melanoma patients immunized with Me14932 cells transduced with the IL-4 (Me14932/IL-4) ( n=10) or IL-2 (Me14932/IL-2) ( n=3) gene. |
| 3210 | 11845255 | Among 8 patients that received four vaccinations, 3/5 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-4 cells developed Ab (IgG and/or IgM) to Me14932 ( n=3) and to autologous ( n=2) melanoma cells, and 2/3 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-2 cells developed Ab (IgG) to Me14932, but not to autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3211 | 11845255 | Further, among these 5 responding patients, circulating Ab against the HLA-A3 allele, expressed only on vaccinating cells, were identified in the immune sera of 4 patients immunized with Me14932/IL-4 ( n=2) or Me14932/IL-2 ( n=2) cells. |
| 3212 | 11845255 | Vaccination of stage IV patients with allogeneic IL-4- or IL-2-gene-transduced melanoma cells generates functional antibodies against vaccinating and autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3213 | 11845255 | The antibody (Ab) response to allogeneic Me14932 and autologous melanoma cells was analyzed in 13 Stage IV (AJCC) melanoma patients immunized with Me14932 cells transduced with the IL-4 (Me14932/IL-4) ( n=10) or IL-2 (Me14932/IL-2) ( n=3) gene. |
| 3214 | 11845255 | Among 8 patients that received four vaccinations, 3/5 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-4 cells developed Ab (IgG and/or IgM) to Me14932 ( n=3) and to autologous ( n=2) melanoma cells, and 2/3 patients vaccinated with Me14932/IL-2 cells developed Ab (IgG) to Me14932, but not to autologous melanoma cells. |
| 3215 | 11845255 | Further, among these 5 responding patients, circulating Ab against the HLA-A3 allele, expressed only on vaccinating cells, were identified in the immune sera of 4 patients immunized with Me14932/IL-4 ( n=2) or Me14932/IL-2 ( n=2) cells. |
| 3216 | 11854228 | In this phase I trial of MSP-1(19), immunization of nonexposed human volunteers with either of the two allelic forms of recombinant MSP-1(19) induced high levels of antigen-specific Th1 (gamma interferon) and Th2 (interleukin 4 [IL-4] and IL-10) type lymphokines. |
| 3217 | 11857339 | Cellular and molecular requirements for the recall of IL-4-producing memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(-) T cells during protection induced by attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. |
| 3218 | 11857339 | We have previously demonstrated a recall of IL-4-producing memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells with parasitized red blood cells (pRBC) in persons protected by radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (gamma-spz). |
| 3219 | 11857339 | Using the CD27 marker, we have now identified two subsets of CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells: CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(+) T cells representing an early memory and CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27() T cells representing a terminally differentiated memory cells. |
| 3220 | 11857339 | A small subset of CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(-) T cells also expressed CD70, the CD27 ligand. |
| 3221 | 11857339 | The addition of anti-CD70 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to pRBC-stimulated cultures significantly inhibited the conversion of CD27(+) to CD27(-) subset without profoundly affecting IL-4 production. |
| 3222 | 11857339 | In contrast, the inclusion of anti-CD27 mAb in parallel cultures abrogated IL-4 production without interfering with conscription of T cells into the CD27(-) T cell set. |
| 3223 | 11857339 | We propose that the persistence of memory CD4(+) T cells depends on Ag-driven conscription of a mature memory phenotype through co-ligation of CD27 and CD70 expressed, respectively, on CD27(+) and CD27(-) T cells. |
| 3224 | 11857339 | Hence, protracted protection in malaria depends in part on memory CD4(+) T cells that require specific Ag presumably from the repositories of liver-and blood-stage antigens and the delivery of a second signal from the CD27:CD70 interaction. |
| 3225 | 11857339 | Cellular and molecular requirements for the recall of IL-4-producing memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(-) T cells during protection induced by attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. |
| 3226 | 11857339 | We have previously demonstrated a recall of IL-4-producing memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells with parasitized red blood cells (pRBC) in persons protected by radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (gamma-spz). |
| 3227 | 11857339 | Using the CD27 marker, we have now identified two subsets of CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells: CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(+) T cells representing an early memory and CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27() T cells representing a terminally differentiated memory cells. |
| 3228 | 11857339 | A small subset of CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(-) T cells also expressed CD70, the CD27 ligand. |
| 3229 | 11857339 | The addition of anti-CD70 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to pRBC-stimulated cultures significantly inhibited the conversion of CD27(+) to CD27(-) subset without profoundly affecting IL-4 production. |
| 3230 | 11857339 | In contrast, the inclusion of anti-CD27 mAb in parallel cultures abrogated IL-4 production without interfering with conscription of T cells into the CD27(-) T cell set. |
| 3231 | 11857339 | We propose that the persistence of memory CD4(+) T cells depends on Ag-driven conscription of a mature memory phenotype through co-ligation of CD27 and CD70 expressed, respectively, on CD27(+) and CD27(-) T cells. |
| 3232 | 11857339 | Hence, protracted protection in malaria depends in part on memory CD4(+) T cells that require specific Ag presumably from the repositories of liver-and blood-stage antigens and the delivery of a second signal from the CD27:CD70 interaction. |
| 3233 | 11857339 | Cellular and molecular requirements for the recall of IL-4-producing memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(-) T cells during protection induced by attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. |
| 3234 | 11857339 | We have previously demonstrated a recall of IL-4-producing memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells with parasitized red blood cells (pRBC) in persons protected by radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (gamma-spz). |
| 3235 | 11857339 | Using the CD27 marker, we have now identified two subsets of CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells: CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(+) T cells representing an early memory and CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27() T cells representing a terminally differentiated memory cells. |
| 3236 | 11857339 | A small subset of CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(-) T cells also expressed CD70, the CD27 ligand. |
| 3237 | 11857339 | The addition of anti-CD70 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to pRBC-stimulated cultures significantly inhibited the conversion of CD27(+) to CD27(-) subset without profoundly affecting IL-4 production. |
| 3238 | 11857339 | In contrast, the inclusion of anti-CD27 mAb in parallel cultures abrogated IL-4 production without interfering with conscription of T cells into the CD27(-) T cell set. |
| 3239 | 11857339 | We propose that the persistence of memory CD4(+) T cells depends on Ag-driven conscription of a mature memory phenotype through co-ligation of CD27 and CD70 expressed, respectively, on CD27(+) and CD27(-) T cells. |
| 3240 | 11857339 | Hence, protracted protection in malaria depends in part on memory CD4(+) T cells that require specific Ag presumably from the repositories of liver-and blood-stage antigens and the delivery of a second signal from the CD27:CD70 interaction. |
| 3241 | 11857339 | Cellular and molecular requirements for the recall of IL-4-producing memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(-) T cells during protection induced by attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. |
| 3242 | 11857339 | We have previously demonstrated a recall of IL-4-producing memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells with parasitized red blood cells (pRBC) in persons protected by radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (gamma-spz). |
| 3243 | 11857339 | Using the CD27 marker, we have now identified two subsets of CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells: CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(+) T cells representing an early memory and CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27() T cells representing a terminally differentiated memory cells. |
| 3244 | 11857339 | A small subset of CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(-) T cells also expressed CD70, the CD27 ligand. |
| 3245 | 11857339 | The addition of anti-CD70 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to pRBC-stimulated cultures significantly inhibited the conversion of CD27(+) to CD27(-) subset without profoundly affecting IL-4 production. |
| 3246 | 11857339 | In contrast, the inclusion of anti-CD27 mAb in parallel cultures abrogated IL-4 production without interfering with conscription of T cells into the CD27(-) T cell set. |
| 3247 | 11857339 | We propose that the persistence of memory CD4(+) T cells depends on Ag-driven conscription of a mature memory phenotype through co-ligation of CD27 and CD70 expressed, respectively, on CD27(+) and CD27(-) T cells. |
| 3248 | 11857339 | Hence, protracted protection in malaria depends in part on memory CD4(+) T cells that require specific Ag presumably from the repositories of liver-and blood-stage antigens and the delivery of a second signal from the CD27:CD70 interaction. |
| 3249 | 11858876 | A study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of the Brucella melitensis ribosome recycling factor (RRF)-homologous protein (CP24). |
| 3250 | 11858876 | Spleen cells from pcDNACP24-immunised mice did not produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 or up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA. |
| 3251 | 11858876 | Cells from rCP24-immunised mice produced IL-10, up-regulated IL-2 mRNA but did not produce IL-4. |
| 3252 | 11858876 | However, the potential of CP24 for a Brucella diagnostic test based on an in vitro antigen (Ag)-specific IFN-gamma production or DTH test would be worth testing. |
| 3253 | 11858876 | A study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of the Brucella melitensis ribosome recycling factor (RRF)-homologous protein (CP24). |
| 3254 | 11858876 | Spleen cells from pcDNACP24-immunised mice did not produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 or up-regulation of IL-2 mRNA. |
| 3255 | 11858876 | Cells from rCP24-immunised mice produced IL-10, up-regulated IL-2 mRNA but did not produce IL-4. |
| 3256 | 11858876 | However, the potential of CP24 for a Brucella diagnostic test based on an in vitro antigen (Ag)-specific IFN-gamma production or DTH test would be worth testing. |
| 3257 | 11860706 | Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4 or CD152) is a strong negative regulator of T cell activity. |
| 3258 | 11860706 | Like CD28 (a positive regulator) it binds to B7-1 and B7-2, and there is no known natural selective ligand. |
| 3259 | 11860706 | However, a single amino acid substitution in B7-1 (W88 > A; denoted B7-1wa) abrogates binding to CD28 but not to CTLA-4. |
| 3260 | 11860706 | Interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 were both depressed, arguing against a Th2 bias. |
| 3261 | 11867164 | We have examined T cell responses against recombinant analogues of the surface-exposed C. ruminantium major antigen 1 (MAP1) a 28.8 kDa protein and MAP2 (21 kDa) antigen in cattle immunised by infection and treatment. |
| 3262 | 11867164 | MAP1-specific responses were predominantly restricted to cluster of differentiation four antigen positive T cells (CD4+ T cells). |
| 3263 | 11867164 | Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of cytokine expression by T cell lines derived from this population revealed strong expression of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interferon alpha (IFN-alpha), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), tumour necrosis factor beta (TNF-beta), interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ralpha) transcripts, and weak expression of IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 3264 | 11867164 | CD4+ T cell clones specific for MAP1 were generated. |
| 3265 | 11867164 | RT-PCR analysis of cytokine expression by T cell lines which were dominated by gammadelta T cells revealed expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-2Ralpha transcripts. |
| 3266 | 11867164 | Our findings indicate that immunisation of cattle by infection with C. ruminantium results in generation of MAP1- and MAP2-specific T cell responses that may play a role in protection against the pathogen. |
| 3267 | 11872096 | Furthermore, the bias towards Th2-type of responses stimulated by CT was shifted towards Th1 as demonstrated (i) by the increase of interferon-gamma and decrease of IL-4 cytokine levels measured in culture supernatants, (ii) by the predominance of IG2a anti-CT antibodies in the serum, and (iii) by the down-regulation of total serum IgE antibody levels. |
| 3268 | 11874860 | Lymphocyte proliferative responses, phenotypic characterization of CD4(+) and CD8(+) Leishmania-reactive T cells, and cytokine production were assayed. |
| 3269 | 11874860 | Patients with active ML and CL showed higher proportions of CD4(+) than CD8(+) T cells. |
| 3270 | 11874860 | In CL, the healing process was associated with a decrease of CD4(+) and an increase of CD8(+), leading to similar CD4(+) and CD8(+) proportions. |
| 3271 | 11874860 | Long-term follow-up of patients with CL showed a positive CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio as observed during the active disease, although the percentages of these T cell subsets were significantly lower. |
| 3272 | 11874860 | Patients with CL did not show significant differences between gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) production during the period of study. |
| 3273 | 11874860 | Patients with active ML presented higher IFN-gamma and IL-5 levels compared to patients with active CL. |
| 3274 | 11874860 | Patients long term after cure from ML showed increasing production of IFN-gamma, significant decrease of IL-5, and no IL-4 production. |
| 3275 | 11874860 | Two apparently beneficial immunological parameters were detected in tegumentary leishmaniasis: (i) decreasing proportions of CD4(+) Leishmania-reactive T cells in the absence of IL-4 production associated with cure of CL and ML and (ii) decreasing levels of IL-5 long after cure, better detected in patients with ML. |
| 3276 | 11874860 | Lymphocyte proliferative responses, phenotypic characterization of CD4(+) and CD8(+) Leishmania-reactive T cells, and cytokine production were assayed. |
| 3277 | 11874860 | Patients with active ML and CL showed higher proportions of CD4(+) than CD8(+) T cells. |
| 3278 | 11874860 | In CL, the healing process was associated with a decrease of CD4(+) and an increase of CD8(+), leading to similar CD4(+) and CD8(+) proportions. |
| 3279 | 11874860 | Long-term follow-up of patients with CL showed a positive CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio as observed during the active disease, although the percentages of these T cell subsets were significantly lower. |
| 3280 | 11874860 | Patients with CL did not show significant differences between gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) production during the period of study. |
| 3281 | 11874860 | Patients with active ML presented higher IFN-gamma and IL-5 levels compared to patients with active CL. |
| 3282 | 11874860 | Patients long term after cure from ML showed increasing production of IFN-gamma, significant decrease of IL-5, and no IL-4 production. |
| 3283 | 11874860 | Two apparently beneficial immunological parameters were detected in tegumentary leishmaniasis: (i) decreasing proportions of CD4(+) Leishmania-reactive T cells in the absence of IL-4 production associated with cure of CL and ML and (ii) decreasing levels of IL-5 long after cure, better detected in patients with ML. |
| 3284 | 11877289 | We found HBenvAg-specific T lymphocytes producing interferon-gamma, interleukin-4, or both in the peripheral blood of XLA patients up to at least 24 months after completing the standard anti-HBV immunization protocol. |
| 3285 | 11877289 | By combining cell purification and enzyme-linked immunospot assay, we found that effector CD27- T cells, which promptly produced cytokines in response to antigen (Ag), and memory-resting CD27+ T cells, which required Ag restimulation to perform their functions, were maintained in both XLA patients and controls for up to 24 months after the last vaccination boost. |
| 3286 | 11884461 | Ingestion of yeasts activates DC for production of IL-12 and Th1 priming, while ingestion of hyphae induces IL-4 production and Th2 priming. |
| 3287 | 11884461 | It was found that DC, from either spleens or bone marrow, transfected with yeast, but not hyphal, RNA 1) express fungal mannoproteins on their surface; 2) undergo functional maturation, as revealed by the up-regulated expression of MHC class II Ags and costimulatory molecules; 3) produce IL-12 but no IL-4; 4) are capable of inducing Th1-dependent antifungal resistance when delivered s.c. in vivo in nontransplanted mice; and 5) provide protection against the fungus in allogeneic bone marrow-transplanted mice, by accelerating the functional recovery of Candida-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) donor lymphocytes. |
| 3288 | 11884461 | Ingestion of yeasts activates DC for production of IL-12 and Th1 priming, while ingestion of hyphae induces IL-4 production and Th2 priming. |
| 3289 | 11884461 | It was found that DC, from either spleens or bone marrow, transfected with yeast, but not hyphal, RNA 1) express fungal mannoproteins on their surface; 2) undergo functional maturation, as revealed by the up-regulated expression of MHC class II Ags and costimulatory molecules; 3) produce IL-12 but no IL-4; 4) are capable of inducing Th1-dependent antifungal resistance when delivered s.c. in vivo in nontransplanted mice; and 5) provide protection against the fungus in allogeneic bone marrow-transplanted mice, by accelerating the functional recovery of Candida-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) donor lymphocytes. |
| 3290 | 11884466 | In this study we demonstrate a similar pattern of enhanced disease severity following primary RSV infection of IFN-nonresponsive STAT1(-/-) mice. |
| 3291 | 11884466 | Histologically, STAT1(-/-) animals had eosinophilic and neutrophilic pulmonary infiltrates not present in wild-type or IFN-gamma(-/-)-infected mice. |
| 3292 | 11884466 | In cytokine analyses of infected lung tissue, IFN-gamma was induced in both STAT1(-/-) and wild-type mice, with preferential IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 induction only in the STAT1(-/-) animals. |
| 3293 | 11884466 | Eotaxin was detected in the lungs of both wild-type and STAT1(-/-) mice following infection, with a 1.7-fold increase over wild-type in the STAT1(-/-) mice. |
| 3294 | 11884466 | Using a peptide epitope newly identified in the RSV fusion protein, we were able to demonstrate that wild-type memory CD4(+) T cells stimulated by this peptide produce primarily IFN-gamma, while STAT1(-/-)CD4(+) cells produce primarily IL-13. |
| 3295 | 11884466 | These findings suggest that STAT1 activation by both type I (alphabeta) and type II (gamma) IFNs plays an important role in establishing a protective, Th1 Ag-specific immune response to RSV infection. |
| 3296 | 11904731 | DC were generated from peripheral mononuclear cells by co-cultivation with granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 3297 | 11904731 | After the cells had been pulsed with tumor antigens and co-cultured with autologous lymphocytes, the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-12 was analyzed, and lymphocyte proliferative response and cytotoxicity against the target tumor cell line were assessed. |
| 3298 | 11904731 | CD83, CD86, HLA-DR, CD11c and CD40). |
| 3299 | 11904734 | The authors performed a clinical study of a vaccine using autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with CEA652 and adjuvant cytokines, natural human interferon alpha (nhuIFN-alpha), and natural human tumor necrosis factor alpha (nhuTNF-alpha), for the treatment of patients with CEA-expressing advanced metastatic malignancies. |
| 3300 | 11904734 | DCs were generated from plastic adherent monocytes of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). |
| 3301 | 11906763 | In contrast, sensitization with recombinant Der f 11 (rDf11) and alum induced Th2 responses characterized by IgE responses and spleen cell secretion of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 3302 | 11906763 | The debate whether CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were the regulatory cells to inhibit IgE responses by DNA vaccination was also examined. |
| 3303 | 11906763 | Secondly, adoptive transfer of either CD4- or CD8-depleted spleen cells from pDf11-vaccinated mice suppressed IgE responses. |
| 3304 | 11906763 | Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are crucial for the immunomodulation of IgE responses by pDf11. |
| 3305 | 11906778 | Immunisation with the oxidised conjugate resulted in significant antigen specific proliferative responses, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production when compared to unconjugated controls. |
| 3306 | 11916244 | Brain tumor-bearing mice were treated with cytokine (IL -4, IL-6, IL-7, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, LIF, LT) producing vaccines made by in vitro transduction of GI261 cells with the corresponding adenoviral vectors. |
| 3307 | 11916244 | Vaccines producing either IL-4 or GM-CSF cured 20-40% of mice. |
| 3308 | 11916244 | Brain tumors were heavily infiltrated by CD4+ lymphocytes after treatment with IL-4- or GM-CSF-secreting cells. |
| 3309 | 11916244 | GM-CSF vaccination induced moderate CD8+ infiltration, as well. |
| 3310 | 11916244 | Depleting either CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocyte subsets abolished the anticancer effect of GM-CSF-expressing cells. |
| 3311 | 11916244 | Strong synergism was observed by combining cytokine vaccination (GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-12) with local tumor irradiation: about 80-100% of the glioma-bearing mice was cured. |
| 3312 | 11916244 | Brain tumor-bearing mice were treated with cytokine (IL -4, IL-6, IL-7, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, LIF, LT) producing vaccines made by in vitro transduction of GI261 cells with the corresponding adenoviral vectors. |
| 3313 | 11916244 | Vaccines producing either IL-4 or GM-CSF cured 20-40% of mice. |
| 3314 | 11916244 | Brain tumors were heavily infiltrated by CD4+ lymphocytes after treatment with IL-4- or GM-CSF-secreting cells. |
| 3315 | 11916244 | GM-CSF vaccination induced moderate CD8+ infiltration, as well. |
| 3316 | 11916244 | Depleting either CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocyte subsets abolished the anticancer effect of GM-CSF-expressing cells. |
| 3317 | 11916244 | Strong synergism was observed by combining cytokine vaccination (GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-12) with local tumor irradiation: about 80-100% of the glioma-bearing mice was cured. |
| 3318 | 11916244 | Brain tumor-bearing mice were treated with cytokine (IL -4, IL-6, IL-7, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, LIF, LT) producing vaccines made by in vitro transduction of GI261 cells with the corresponding adenoviral vectors. |
| 3319 | 11916244 | Vaccines producing either IL-4 or GM-CSF cured 20-40% of mice. |
| 3320 | 11916244 | Brain tumors were heavily infiltrated by CD4+ lymphocytes after treatment with IL-4- or GM-CSF-secreting cells. |
| 3321 | 11916244 | GM-CSF vaccination induced moderate CD8+ infiltration, as well. |
| 3322 | 11916244 | Depleting either CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocyte subsets abolished the anticancer effect of GM-CSF-expressing cells. |
| 3323 | 11916244 | Strong synergism was observed by combining cytokine vaccination (GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-12) with local tumor irradiation: about 80-100% of the glioma-bearing mice was cured. |
| 3324 | 11916244 | Brain tumor-bearing mice were treated with cytokine (IL -4, IL-6, IL-7, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, LIF, LT) producing vaccines made by in vitro transduction of GI261 cells with the corresponding adenoviral vectors. |
| 3325 | 11916244 | Vaccines producing either IL-4 or GM-CSF cured 20-40% of mice. |
| 3326 | 11916244 | Brain tumors were heavily infiltrated by CD4+ lymphocytes after treatment with IL-4- or GM-CSF-secreting cells. |
| 3327 | 11916244 | GM-CSF vaccination induced moderate CD8+ infiltration, as well. |
| 3328 | 11916244 | Depleting either CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocyte subsets abolished the anticancer effect of GM-CSF-expressing cells. |
| 3329 | 11916244 | Strong synergism was observed by combining cytokine vaccination (GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-12) with local tumor irradiation: about 80-100% of the glioma-bearing mice was cured. |
| 3330 | 11918691 | As interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-secreting CD4(+), T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes promote CTL activity and help maintain memory CTL, identifying broadly recognized EIAV Th1 epitopes would contribute significantly to vaccine strategies seeking to promote strong CTL responses among horses with varying class I haplotypes. |
| 3331 | 11918691 | Gag peptide-responsive PBMC produced only IFN-gamma, indicating a Th1 response, while Pol 323-344-responsive PBMC produced IFN-gamma both with and without interleukin-4. |
| 3332 | 11918691 | Finally, CD4(+) T lymphocytes were required for proliferation responses, as shown by assays using CD4- versus CD8-depleted PBMC. |
| 3333 | 11918690 | To understand the mechanism of this apparent mucosal immunity without IgA, immunoglobulin isotype and T helper 1 (Th1)-type [interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)] and Th2-type [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5)] cytokine responses to influenza vaccine were evaluated. |
| 3334 | 11918690 | Following stimulation with influenza virus in vitro, splenic lymphocytes from immunized IgA(-/-) mice produced significantly lower levels of IFN-gamma than IgA(+/+) mice (P < 0.001), but elaborated similar levels of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 3335 | 11918690 | To understand the mechanism of this apparent mucosal immunity without IgA, immunoglobulin isotype and T helper 1 (Th1)-type [interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)] and Th2-type [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5)] cytokine responses to influenza vaccine were evaluated. |
| 3336 | 11918690 | Following stimulation with influenza virus in vitro, splenic lymphocytes from immunized IgA(-/-) mice produced significantly lower levels of IFN-gamma than IgA(+/+) mice (P < 0.001), but elaborated similar levels of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 3337 | 11920646 | Immunization with the hybrid phage particles elicited P1A(35-43) specific CTL responses and a Th1-dominated immune response with phage particle-specific secretion of IFN-gamma but not IL-4. |
| 3338 | 11920816 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF-beta expression was detected in all samples by PCR and in < 50% of samples by immunostaining. |
| 3339 | 11920816 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 expression was detected in a few samples by immunostaining but was not detectable by PCR. |
| 3340 | 11920816 | We found greater expression of TNF-alpha and IL-4 in DHF than in dengue fever or other (non-dengue) febrile illnesses. |
| 3341 | 11920816 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF-beta expression was detected in all samples by PCR and in < 50% of samples by immunostaining. |
| 3342 | 11920816 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 expression was detected in a few samples by immunostaining but was not detectable by PCR. |
| 3343 | 11920816 | We found greater expression of TNF-alpha and IL-4 in DHF than in dengue fever or other (non-dengue) febrile illnesses. |
| 3344 | 11929777 | Increased dendritic cell number and function following continuous in vivo infusion of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 3345 | 11929777 | The combination of recombinant granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) and recombinant interleukin-4 (rIL-4) provides an important stimulus for generating DCs from murine bone marrow precursors in vitro. |
| 3346 | 11929777 | DCs were highly concentrated in the T-cell areas of white pulp after rGM-CSF/IL-4 administration, whereas they were diffusely distributed throughout white pulp, marginal zones, and red pulp in mice treated with rGM-CSF alone. rGM-CSF/rIL-4 also significantly increased the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II on CD11c(+) cells and increased their capacity to take up antigens by macropinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis. |
| 3347 | 11929777 | Increased dendritic cell number and function following continuous in vivo infusion of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 3348 | 11929777 | The combination of recombinant granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) and recombinant interleukin-4 (rIL-4) provides an important stimulus for generating DCs from murine bone marrow precursors in vitro. |
| 3349 | 11929777 | DCs were highly concentrated in the T-cell areas of white pulp after rGM-CSF/IL-4 administration, whereas they were diffusely distributed throughout white pulp, marginal zones, and red pulp in mice treated with rGM-CSF alone. rGM-CSF/rIL-4 also significantly increased the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II on CD11c(+) cells and increased their capacity to take up antigens by macropinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis. |
| 3350 | 11929777 | Increased dendritic cell number and function following continuous in vivo infusion of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 3351 | 11929777 | The combination of recombinant granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) and recombinant interleukin-4 (rIL-4) provides an important stimulus for generating DCs from murine bone marrow precursors in vitro. |
| 3352 | 11929777 | DCs were highly concentrated in the T-cell areas of white pulp after rGM-CSF/IL-4 administration, whereas they were diffusely distributed throughout white pulp, marginal zones, and red pulp in mice treated with rGM-CSF alone. rGM-CSF/rIL-4 also significantly increased the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II on CD11c(+) cells and increased their capacity to take up antigens by macropinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis. |
| 3353 | 11943227 | IL-4 increases Simian immunodeficiency virus replication despite enhanced SIV immune responses in infected rhesus macaques. |
| 3354 | 11943227 | It is widely believed that a Th1 type CD4 response is critical for enhancement of CD8 immunity and for controlling HIV-1 infection. |
| 3355 | 11943227 | Accordingly, the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaque model was used to investigate the impact of immunisation with SIV expressing DNA constructs and co-injection with IL-4 on the SIV specific immunological responses, lymphocyte cell counts, as well as the impact on viral load. |
| 3356 | 11943227 | IL-4 is a Th2 type cytokine, which enhances antibody production and inhibits a CD4 Th1 phenotype. |
| 3357 | 11943227 | Importantly, vaccination in the absence of IL-4 protected CD4 levels without increasing viral load. |
| 3358 | 11943227 | IL-4 increases Simian immunodeficiency virus replication despite enhanced SIV immune responses in infected rhesus macaques. |
| 3359 | 11943227 | It is widely believed that a Th1 type CD4 response is critical for enhancement of CD8 immunity and for controlling HIV-1 infection. |
| 3360 | 11943227 | Accordingly, the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaque model was used to investigate the impact of immunisation with SIV expressing DNA constructs and co-injection with IL-4 on the SIV specific immunological responses, lymphocyte cell counts, as well as the impact on viral load. |
| 3361 | 11943227 | IL-4 is a Th2 type cytokine, which enhances antibody production and inhibits a CD4 Th1 phenotype. |
| 3362 | 11943227 | Importantly, vaccination in the absence of IL-4 protected CD4 levels without increasing viral load. |
| 3363 | 11943227 | IL-4 increases Simian immunodeficiency virus replication despite enhanced SIV immune responses in infected rhesus macaques. |
| 3364 | 11943227 | It is widely believed that a Th1 type CD4 response is critical for enhancement of CD8 immunity and for controlling HIV-1 infection. |
| 3365 | 11943227 | Accordingly, the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaque model was used to investigate the impact of immunisation with SIV expressing DNA constructs and co-injection with IL-4 on the SIV specific immunological responses, lymphocyte cell counts, as well as the impact on viral load. |
| 3366 | 11943227 | IL-4 is a Th2 type cytokine, which enhances antibody production and inhibits a CD4 Th1 phenotype. |
| 3367 | 11943227 | Importantly, vaccination in the absence of IL-4 protected CD4 levels without increasing viral load. |
| 3368 | 11943227 | IL-4 increases Simian immunodeficiency virus replication despite enhanced SIV immune responses in infected rhesus macaques. |
| 3369 | 11943227 | It is widely believed that a Th1 type CD4 response is critical for enhancement of CD8 immunity and for controlling HIV-1 infection. |
| 3370 | 11943227 | Accordingly, the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaque model was used to investigate the impact of immunisation with SIV expressing DNA constructs and co-injection with IL-4 on the SIV specific immunological responses, lymphocyte cell counts, as well as the impact on viral load. |
| 3371 | 11943227 | IL-4 is a Th2 type cytokine, which enhances antibody production and inhibits a CD4 Th1 phenotype. |
| 3372 | 11943227 | Importantly, vaccination in the absence of IL-4 protected CD4 levels without increasing viral load. |
| 3373 | 11947931 | In this study we provide evidence that a prolonged increase in the plasma levels of IL-2, but not IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-10, IL-2R or TNF-alpha occured in patients affected by bladder cancer following effective BCG treatment. |
| 3374 | 11953366 | Also, splenocytes from the inoculated mice expressed interleukin 2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, and small amounts of IL-4 and IL-5, and more IL-10 cytokine in the presence of the homologous antigen. |
| 3375 | 11953389 | Antibodies to the encoded BLS included immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgM isotypes. |
| 3376 | 11953389 | In addition, spleen cells from vaccinated animals produced interleukin-2 and gamma interferon but not IL-10 or IL-4 after in vitro stimulation with recombinant BLS (rBLS), suggesting the induction of a Th1 response. |
| 3377 | 11964715 | IL-10 initiates anergy in T cells by blocking tyrosine phosphorylation of CD28 and inhibiting the CD28 co-stimulatory signal. |
| 3378 | 11964715 | Restimulation in the presence of IL-2, IL-15 and possibly IL-12 leads to a T helper type 1 cytokine pattern (immunity:effective immunotherapy) and with IL-4 a T helper type 2 pattern (persistence of allergy:relapse). |
| 3379 | 11983254 | Protective T-helper responses were not skewed towards an IFN-gamma (Th1) or IL-4 (Th2) type response, but were balanced and characterised by the presence of a strong Ag-specific IL-2 response. |
| 3380 | 11986232 | Specific proliferation and secretion of interleukin 4 and interferon gamma by mouse spleen cells in response to the immunizing peptides were also demonstrated. |
| 3381 | 12007887 | Distinct T (CD4+, CD8+, gammadelta-TCR+) and B (CD21+, CD45R+) lymphocyte staining patterns were observed within and around follicles of the rectal mucosa. |
| 3382 | 12007887 | RT-PCR examination of the cytokines expressed in the rectal mucosal tissue revealed consistently high levels of TGFbeta and IL-8 mRNA, low levels of IL-2 mRNA and no detectable IL-4 mRNA. |
| 3383 | 12010483 | On the other hand, the levels of IgG3 were significantly increased by IL-4, but unchanged by IL-12. |
| 3384 | 12010483 | However, the protective effect of the vaccine was not affected by coadministering plasmids encoding either IL-12 or IL-4 using the microseeding technique. |
| 3385 | 12010483 | On the other hand, the levels of IgG3 were significantly increased by IL-4, but unchanged by IL-12. |
| 3386 | 12010483 | However, the protective effect of the vaccine was not affected by coadministering plasmids encoding either IL-12 or IL-4 using the microseeding technique. |
| 3387 | 12012014 | Induction of MUC1-specific cellular immunity by a recombinant BCG expressing human MUC1 and secreting IL2. |
| 3388 | 12012014 | In this study, we constructed a recombinant BCG-MUC1-IL2, which expresses a high level of human MUC1 VNTR core protein and secretes functional interleukin 2 (IL2). |
| 3389 | 12012014 | The mucin-specific IFN-gamma was secreted only by the lymphocytes derived from animals immunized with BCG-MUC1-IL2, but not with BCG-vector or purified mucin protein for the vaccination. |
| 3390 | 12012014 | In contrast, in vitro secretion of IL4 by the immunized lymphocytes was only seen in the group of animals which received native MUC1 protein, but not BCG-MUC1-IL2 and BCG-vector. |
| 3391 | 12034099 | The immune response generated by the CVP constructs showed a marked TH1 bias, as determined by a predominantly IgG(2a) isotype peptide-specific antibody response and the release of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 or IL-5 from lymphocytes exposed to antigen in vitro. |
| 3392 | 12043855 | To investigate whether a preexisting T helper (T(H)) 2 type immune response could be suppressed by Calmette-Guérin Bacillus (BCG) immunization in atopic children with asthma, we determined interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-5 and total IgE level in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of six atopic and five nonatopic children in response to phytohemagglutinin A (PHA), purified protein derivate (PPD), and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus II allergen (Der p II) both before and after BCG vaccination. |
| 3393 | 12057610 | To study whether SIV VLPs represent effective mucosal immunogens, we immunized groups of mice with VLPs alone or VLPs plus the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) by the intranasal (i.n.) route. |
| 3394 | 12057610 | High levels of serum IgG antibody production were achieved in mice immunized intranasally with SIV VLPs, and the antibody response was found to be antigen dose-dependent. |
| 3395 | 12057610 | The IgG1 and IgG2a ratio indicates that immune responses induced by SIV VLPs are Th1 oriented. |
| 3396 | 12057610 | Moreover, increased numbers of MHC I-restricted peptide-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing T cells were detected in both splenocytes and lymph nodes by intranasal immunization of SIV VLP plus CT. |
| 3397 | 12060497 | HER-2/neu peptides have recently been shown to induce a proliferative response by peripheral CD4(+) T cells in breast cancer patients. |
| 3398 | 12060497 | The levels of the cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10 were determined at priming and at restimulation with HER-2/neu peptides using a cytokine-specific, double-sandwich, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 3399 | 12060497 | A Th1-specific cytokine production pattern was maintained at priming and restimulation with HER-2/neu peptides and was amplified with IL-12 costimulation. |
| 3400 | 12069532 | A pronounced increase in the frequency of FAS+ CD8+ lymphocytes was observed following SIVmacJ5 infection only. |
| 3401 | 12069532 | A transient increase in lymphocytes positive for intracellular IFN-gamma and IL-4 was observed following primary infection with either virus. |
| 3402 | 12074699 | Immunization with the pIDKE2 also generated a positive cellular immune response against the core antigen, determined by interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, and induced detectable levels of interferon-gamma but not interleukin-4 in vaccinated mice. |
| 3403 | 12077226 | We propose a classification of human CD4(+)CD45RO(+) memory T cells into three new subsets based on cell surface expression levels of CD43. |
| 3404 | 12077226 | The first subset consists of cells whose CD43 expression is relatively high; this subset also contains the highest proportion of recall Ag-reactive precursors, and its constituent cells respond far more strongly than cells in either of the other subsets to immobilized CD3 Ab in addition to secreting substantially more IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 3405 | 12079558 | Using synthetic RNA standards, we quantified mRNAs of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), and MIP-1 beta in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lymph nodes from macaques chronically infected with SIV or SHIV. |
| 3406 | 12079558 | Viremic monkeys with decreased CD4(+) T cell counts (<500 cells/microl) had significantly higher IL-10 mRNA expression than uninfected controls, which parallels the findings in HIV-1-infected humans. |
| 3407 | 12079558 | In addition, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and RANTES mRNA expression increased in viremic monkeys with decreased CD4(+) T cell counts; gene expression was inversely correlated with CD4(+) T cell counts, but not viral load. |
| 3408 | 12094019 | Peripheral CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations were significantly lower in tg than in Ntg, df, or Ndf mice. |
| 3409 | 12094019 | No significant differences were found in CD4(+):CD8(+) T cell ratios, interleukin (IL)-4 concentrations or interferon (IFN)-gamma levels between tg,Ntg, df, and Ndf mice. |
| 3410 | 12094019 | Thus, high endogenous GH levels inhibit specific Ab production and peripheral T cell populations but not peripheral B cell numbers, Th2 cell populations, or IL-4 or IFN-gamma production. |
| 3411 | 12094019 | Peripheral CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations were significantly lower in tg than in Ntg, df, or Ndf mice. |
| 3412 | 12094019 | No significant differences were found in CD4(+):CD8(+) T cell ratios, interleukin (IL)-4 concentrations or interferon (IFN)-gamma levels between tg,Ntg, df, and Ndf mice. |
| 3413 | 12094019 | Thus, high endogenous GH levels inhibit specific Ab production and peripheral T cell populations but not peripheral B cell numbers, Th2 cell populations, or IL-4 or IFN-gamma production. |
| 3414 | 12096033 | In vitro DC can be generated from human CD34(+) bone marrow cells and CD14(+) peripheral blood monocytes after culture with different cytokine combinations. |
| 3415 | 12096033 | Leukemic cells could be induced in the presence of IL-4 and CD40L to exhibit a DC morphology with a phenotype of mature DC-like cells. |
| 3416 | 12096033 | In addition, they expressed chemokine receptor CCR7 and CD62L, and could drive T cells towards a T(h)1 response with secretion of IFN-gamma. |
| 3417 | 12096039 | In this study we have demonstrated that a recombinant BCG (rBCG) secreting biologically active IL-2 has the ability to induce a T(h)1 profile in both immunocompromised and in IL-4 transgenic (Tg) mice. |
| 3418 | 12096039 | In the IL-4 Tg model, mice vaccinated with rBCG again produced a strong T(h)1 immune response, exhibiting a high antigen-specific IFN-gamma:IL-4 ratio and a concomitantly high IgG2a:IgG1 ratio. |
| 3419 | 12096039 | In this study we have demonstrated that a recombinant BCG (rBCG) secreting biologically active IL-2 has the ability to induce a T(h)1 profile in both immunocompromised and in IL-4 transgenic (Tg) mice. |
| 3420 | 12096039 | In the IL-4 Tg model, mice vaccinated with rBCG again produced a strong T(h)1 immune response, exhibiting a high antigen-specific IFN-gamma:IL-4 ratio and a concomitantly high IgG2a:IgG1 ratio. |
| 3421 | 12104046 | Hamster enriched DCs were prepared from bone marrow (BM) by a culture for 7 days in the presence of mouse GM-CSF and mouse IL-4, and characterized by the expression of specific DC markers (DEC205, DC-SIGN) mRNA using in situ hybridization (ISH). |
| 3422 | 12110485 | The production of interleukin-4 in response to each of the antigens tested was detected but was lower than that of IFN-gamma. |
| 3423 | 12111121 | Molecular requirements for CD8-mediated rejection of a MUC1-expressing pancreatic carcinoma: implications for tumor vaccines. |
| 3424 | 12111121 | We confirmed that a CD8(+) effector cell was required to eliminate MUC1-expressing Panc02 tumors, and demonstrated that T cells expressing TCR-alpha/beta and co-stimulation through CD28 and CD40:CD40L interactions played critical roles during the initiation of the anti-Panc02.MUC1 immune response. |
| 3425 | 12111121 | TCR-alpha/beta(+) cells were required to eliminate Panc02.MUC1 tumors, while TCR-gamma/delta(+) cells played a suppressive non-MUC1-specific role in anti-Panc02 tumor immunity. |
| 3426 | 12111121 | Type 1 cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but not interleukin-12 (IL-12), was essential for eliminating MUC1-expressing tumors, while neither IL-4 nor IL-10 (type 2 cytokines) were required for tumor rejection. |
| 3427 | 12111121 | In vitro studies demonstrated that IFN-gamma upregulated MHC class I, but not MHC class II, on Panc02.MUC1 tumor cells. |
| 3428 | 12111121 | Surprisingly, both perforin and FasL played unique roles during the effector phase of immunity to Panc02.MUC1, while lymphotoxin-alpha, but not TNFR-1, was required for immunity against Panc02.MUC1 tumors. |
| 3429 | 12114290 | In vitro cellular and humoral immune responses were measured to detect functional abnormalities in antigen presenting cells (autologous mixed leukocyte reactions and expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha); T cells (lymphocyte proliferation using the polyclonal T-cell activators phytohemagglutinin and Concanavalin A; primary immune responses in allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions; secondary immune response using the recall antigens tetanus toxoid, Candida albicans, and anthrax vaccine; and soluble IL-2 receptor expression); type-1 T-helper cells (gamma interferon expression); type-2 T-helper cells (IL-4 and IL-10 expression); and B cells (polyclonal B-cell activator pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin production). |
| 3430 | 12117936 | Oral immunization of mice with a Salmonella vaccine expressing colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli results in the rapid onset of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 production, which explains the observed elevations in mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and serum IgG1 antibodies. |
| 3431 | 12117936 | Upon measurement of proinflammatory cytokines, minimal to no tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, or IL-6 was produced by Salmonella-CFA/I-infected RAW 264.7 or peritoneal macrophages, but production was greatly induced in Salmonella vector-infected macrophages. |
| 3432 | 12117936 | Only minute levels of IL-12 p70 were induced by Salmonella vector-infected macrophages, and none was induced by Salmonella-CFA/I-infected macrophages. |
| 3433 | 12117936 | The absence of IL-12 was not due to overt increases in production of either IL-12 p40 or IL-10. |
| 3434 | 12117942 | Animals were primed with a mixture of DNA plasmids encoding two preerythrocytic-stage proteins and two erythrocytic-stage proteins from P. knowlesi and combinations of the cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and were boosted with a mixture of four recombinant, attenuated vaccinia virus strains encoding the four P. knowlesi antigens. |
| 3435 | 12118725 | Mice were inoculated s.c. with APC, either bone marrow-derived dendritic cells differentiated in medium supplemented with GM-CSF and IL-4 (BMDC), or with established dendritic cell lines DC2.4 or JAWS II. |
| 3436 | 12133976 | The s.c. administration of M. vaccae 3 wk before the immunization significantly reduced Ag-induced airway hyperreactivity and the increase in the numbers of eosinophils observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood, and bone marrow, even though no detectable changes in either cytokine (IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, and IFN-gamma) or total IgE levels were observed. |
| 3437 | 12134231 | Both native PT (nPT) and genetically detoxified PT (dPT) efficiently promoted expression on DCs of CD80, CD86, human leukocyte antigen-DR, and CD83 markers, alloreactive antigen presentation, and cytokine production, primarily interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 3438 | 12134231 | Although they did not affect interleukin (IL)-10 production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DCs, both nPT and dPT strongly synergized with LPS for IL-12 production. |
| 3439 | 12134231 | PTs plus LPS-stimulated DCs secreted soluble factors fostering IFN-gamma but not IL-4 and IL-5 production by naive T cells. |
| 3440 | 12149420 | Although BRSV did not appear to replicate in MoDC or to affect expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II, or CD80/86, a higher percentage of cells exposed to live virus appeared to undergo apoptosis/necrosis. |
| 3441 | 12149420 | Exposure of MoDC to live BRSV induced more interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA and markedly less IL-12p40 and IL-15 mRNA than did heat-inactivated virus. |
| 3442 | 12149420 | Stimulation of CD4(+) T cells induced similar levels of IL-2-and IL-4-like activity and interferon-gamma. |
| 3443 | 12149420 | These observations suggest that while IL-10, produced by MoDC as a result of exposure to live BRSV, may affect IL-12 and IL-15 synthesis by MoDC, it does not appear to affect the cytokine response of BRSV-specific memory CD4(+) T cells. |
| 3444 | 12151317 | No significant differences were found with respect to frequencies of IFNgamma- or interleukin-4-producing cells in the lung in both rat strains. |
| 3445 | 12164822 | Both forms of the schistosome enzyme induced significant proliferation of splenocytes recovered from vaccinated mice, and expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 mRNA in these cells was detected using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. |
| 3446 | 12164822 | Secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 by splenocytes from vaccinated mice was confirmed and quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 3447 | 12164822 | IFN-gamma was the most abundant cytokine produced, followed by IL-4 and IL-10 in rank order. |
| 3448 | 12164822 | Both forms of the schistosome enzyme induced significant proliferation of splenocytes recovered from vaccinated mice, and expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 mRNA in these cells was detected using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. |
| 3449 | 12164822 | Secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 by splenocytes from vaccinated mice was confirmed and quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 3450 | 12164822 | IFN-gamma was the most abundant cytokine produced, followed by IL-4 and IL-10 in rank order. |
| 3451 | 12164822 | Both forms of the schistosome enzyme induced significant proliferation of splenocytes recovered from vaccinated mice, and expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 mRNA in these cells was detected using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. |
| 3452 | 12164822 | Secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 by splenocytes from vaccinated mice was confirmed and quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 3453 | 12164822 | IFN-gamma was the most abundant cytokine produced, followed by IL-4 and IL-10 in rank order. |
| 3454 | 12174744 | Expression of interferon gamma and interleukin 4 (a preliminary study)]. |
| 3455 | 12180110 | The frequencies of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells responsive to cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and tetanus in antigen-activated whole blood were determined by flow cytometric analysis of CD69, TNF alpha, IFN gamma and IL-4 expression. |
| 3456 | 12180110 | In spite of a continuously reduced CD4 to CD8 ratio after transplantation, recovery of CD4+ T cells usually occurred prior to CD8+ recovery and often to a higher level. |
| 3457 | 12191517 | Monocytes were enriched from apheresis products by adherence and then cultured in the presence of AB serum or autologous plasma and GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days. |
| 3458 | 12193722 | Multiple Chlamydia pneumoniae antigens prime CD8+ Tc1 responses that inhibit intracellular growth of this vacuolar pathogen. |
| 3459 | 12193722 | Eighteen H-2(b) binding peptides representing sequences from 12 Cpn Ags sensitized target cells for MHC class I-restricted lysis by CD8(+) CTL generated from the spleens and lungs of infected mice. |
| 3460 | 12193722 | Peptide-specific IFN-gamma-secreting CD8(+) T cells were present in local and systemic compartments after primary infection, and these cells expanded after pathogen re-exposure. |
| 3461 | 12193722 | CD8(+) T cell lines to the 18 Cpn epitope-bearing peptides were cytotoxic, displayed a memory phenotype, and secreted IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, but not IL-4. |
| 3462 | 12193722 | Finally, Cpn peptide-specific CD8(+) CTL suppressed chlamydial growth in vitro by direct lysis of infected cells and by secretion of IFN-gamma and other soluble factors. |
| 3463 | 12193724 | Clearance of facultative intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella requires IFN-gamma from CD4 T cells. |
| 3464 | 12193724 | Even transient attenuation of Ag presentation early during infection specifically abrogates the IFN-gamma component of the resulting CD4 T cell response. |
| 3465 | 12193724 | Furthermore, macrophages from IL-4-null mice secrete high levels of both IL-12 and IL-18 in response to stimulation in vivo even with dead bacteria, but this does not lead to induction of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells in response to immunization with dead S. typhimurium. |
| 3466 | 12193724 | Early IL-4 is contributed by triggering of CD4 NK T cells by dead, but not live, bacteria. |
| 3467 | 12193724 | Thus, Ag presentation-related IL-12-independent events and IL-4-sensitive IL-12-dependent events play crucial complementary roles in the generation of the IFN-gamma-committed CD4 T cell component of the immune response in Salmonella infection. |
| 3468 | 12193724 | Clearance of facultative intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella requires IFN-gamma from CD4 T cells. |
| 3469 | 12193724 | Even transient attenuation of Ag presentation early during infection specifically abrogates the IFN-gamma component of the resulting CD4 T cell response. |
| 3470 | 12193724 | Furthermore, macrophages from IL-4-null mice secrete high levels of both IL-12 and IL-18 in response to stimulation in vivo even with dead bacteria, but this does not lead to induction of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells in response to immunization with dead S. typhimurium. |
| 3471 | 12193724 | Early IL-4 is contributed by triggering of CD4 NK T cells by dead, but not live, bacteria. |
| 3472 | 12193724 | Thus, Ag presentation-related IL-12-independent events and IL-4-sensitive IL-12-dependent events play crucial complementary roles in the generation of the IFN-gamma-committed CD4 T cell component of the immune response in Salmonella infection. |
| 3473 | 12193724 | Clearance of facultative intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella requires IFN-gamma from CD4 T cells. |
| 3474 | 12193724 | Even transient attenuation of Ag presentation early during infection specifically abrogates the IFN-gamma component of the resulting CD4 T cell response. |
| 3475 | 12193724 | Furthermore, macrophages from IL-4-null mice secrete high levels of both IL-12 and IL-18 in response to stimulation in vivo even with dead bacteria, but this does not lead to induction of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells in response to immunization with dead S. typhimurium. |
| 3476 | 12193724 | Early IL-4 is contributed by triggering of CD4 NK T cells by dead, but not live, bacteria. |
| 3477 | 12193724 | Thus, Ag presentation-related IL-12-independent events and IL-4-sensitive IL-12-dependent events play crucial complementary roles in the generation of the IFN-gamma-committed CD4 T cell component of the immune response in Salmonella infection. |
| 3478 | 12193742 | IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a CXC chemokine that is thought to manifest a proinflammatory role because it stimulates the directional migration of activated T cells, particularly Th1 cells. |
| 3479 | 12193742 | Self-specific Ab to IP-10 developed in protected animals, as well as neutralizing Ab to IP-10 that we have generated in rabbits, could inhibit leukocyte migration, alter the in vivo and in vitro Th1/Th2 balance toward low IFN-gamma, low TNF-alpha, high IL-4-producing T cells, and adoptively transfer disease suppression. |
| 3480 | 12193742 | After all, we did not neutralize the activity of other chemokines that bind CXCR3 (i.e., macrophage-induced gene and IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant) and yet significantly blocked not only adjuvant-induced arthritis but also the in vivo competence to mount delayed-type hypersensitivity. |
| 3481 | 12198661 | Bacterial motif DNA as an adjuvant for the breakdown of immune self-tolerance to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. |
| 3482 | 12198661 | We therefore studied the effects of CpG motif-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) on responses to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC, the autoantigen in PBC) in a murine model. |
| 3483 | 12198661 | Administration of CpG ODN to SJL/J mice at the time of sensitization with PDC resulted in a significant skewing of splenic T-cell response to self-PDC, with significant augmentation of the Th1 cytokine response (interleukin [IL] 2 and interferon [IFN] gamma) and reduction of the Th2 response (IL-4 and IL-10). |
| 3484 | 12208610 | Spleen cells from immunized mice, after exposure to recombinant MPT SOD (MPT rSOD), produced significant levels of IFNgamma, TNFalpha and IL-6. |
| 3485 | 12208610 | IFNgamma and TNFalpha production was increased by the addition of Ribi. |
| 3486 | 12208610 | In contrast, low levels of NO, IL-4 and IL-10 were secreted by spleen cells culture from immunized mice. |
| 3487 | 12209640 | Moreover, the mucosal route resulted in the preferential induction of IFN-gamma producing T cells and of IgG2a antibody production, as compared to the dominant IL-4 and IgG1 responses obtained by the s.c. route, thus bringing a distinct advantage in the field of many infectious diseases and allergy. |
| 3488 | 12218149 | Despite the induction of significant anti-viral CD8+-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte and IFN-gamma responses, initial neonatal priming led to a lower frequency of virus-specific T cells compared with adult priming. |
| 3489 | 12218149 | A nonspecific and transient CD4+-mediated IL-4 response was present in all groups after secondary challenge with Cas or medium, indicating that this rise in type 2 cytokine production was not unique to mice that had been primed as neonates. |
| 3490 | 12220808 | FCA augmented IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 production suggesting a strong Th2 response, while IFN-gamma and IL-12 remained low; poly I:C enhanced IFN-gamma, IL-12 and TNF-alpha eliciting a Th1 response; poly A:U resulted in a IL-10, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-12 secretion; and LPS enhanced the IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-alpha production. |
| 3491 | 12228286 | We designed a series of genetic constructs in which coding sequences for PsaA were linked to sequences encoding either murine interleukin-2 (mIL-2), mIL-4, or two copies of an immunostimulatory nonapeptide derived from mIL-1beta. |
| 3492 | 12228286 | Mice immunized twice with PsaA-IL-2, or PsaA-IL-4 responded with PsaA-specific antibody production comparable in magnitude to that of mice primed with PsaA in CFA and boosted with PsaA in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (PsaA-Adj). |
| 3493 | 12228286 | Antibodies elicited by PsaA-Adj were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, while PsaA-IL-2 and PsaA-IL-4 elicited substantial amounts of IgG2a in addition to IgG1. |
| 3494 | 12228286 | We designed a series of genetic constructs in which coding sequences for PsaA were linked to sequences encoding either murine interleukin-2 (mIL-2), mIL-4, or two copies of an immunostimulatory nonapeptide derived from mIL-1beta. |
| 3495 | 12228286 | Mice immunized twice with PsaA-IL-2, or PsaA-IL-4 responded with PsaA-specific antibody production comparable in magnitude to that of mice primed with PsaA in CFA and boosted with PsaA in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (PsaA-Adj). |
| 3496 | 12228286 | Antibodies elicited by PsaA-Adj were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, while PsaA-IL-2 and PsaA-IL-4 elicited substantial amounts of IgG2a in addition to IgG1. |
| 3497 | 12228286 | We designed a series of genetic constructs in which coding sequences for PsaA were linked to sequences encoding either murine interleukin-2 (mIL-2), mIL-4, or two copies of an immunostimulatory nonapeptide derived from mIL-1beta. |
| 3498 | 12228286 | Mice immunized twice with PsaA-IL-2, or PsaA-IL-4 responded with PsaA-specific antibody production comparable in magnitude to that of mice primed with PsaA in CFA and boosted with PsaA in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (PsaA-Adj). |
| 3499 | 12228286 | Antibodies elicited by PsaA-Adj were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, while PsaA-IL-2 and PsaA-IL-4 elicited substantial amounts of IgG2a in addition to IgG1. |
| 3500 | 12236413 | The full length cDNA encoding SjCTPI and P35, P40 amplified from pUC19-SjCTPI and murine IL-12 by PCR were subcloned into an eukaryotic expression vector (pcDNA3.1). |
| 3501 | 12236413 | Forty-five female C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups; each mouse of the control group was injected with 100 pg of pcDNA3.1 by i.m. route; the TPI group was injected with 100 microg of pcDNA3. 1-SjCTPI; the TPI+IL- 12 group was injected with 100 microg of pcDNA3.1-SjCTPI and 100 pg of mixture of pcDNA3.1-P35 and pcDNA3.1-P40. |
| 3502 | 12236413 | Culture of spleen cells showed the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma with the stimulation of specific antigen before and after challenge. |
| 3503 | 12236413 | The obvious rising of IL-2 in TPI group and TPI+IL-12 group before and after challenge was seen. |
| 3504 | 12236413 | The anti-rTPI antibody detection with Western-blot showed that ten serum samples from the control group were negative; nine of ten serum samples from the TPI group were weakly positive, eight of ten from the TPI+IL-12 group were weakly positive. |
| 3505 | 12236413 | The worm and egg reduction rates of TPI group and TPI+IL- 12 group were 27.9% and 13.7%, 31.9% and 18.6% respectively in comparison with the pcDNA group. pcDNA3.1-TPI DNA vaccine could confer partial protection against a subsequent challenge of Schistosoma japonicum in C57BL/6 mice and might therefore be a potential DNA vaccine. |
| 3506 | 12270727 | Cruzipain-specific type 1 cytokine responses characterized by the production of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 were also detectable during murine infection. |
| 3507 | 12270727 | The induction of serum antibody, mucosal IgA, Th1 cytokine and CTL responses by cruzipain in mice supports the use of this parasite protein for further efforts in T. cruzi vaccine development. |
| 3508 | 12297400 | OVA-specific proliferative response as well as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion in lymph node cell cultures of immunised mice were studied. |
| 3509 | 12297400 | PGM treatment in addition to OVA resulted in an increase of lymph node cellularity, stimulation of OVA-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 production as well as of OVA-specific proliferative response. |
| 3510 | 12297400 | OVA-specific proliferative response as well as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion in lymph node cell cultures of immunised mice were studied. |
| 3511 | 12297400 | PGM treatment in addition to OVA resulted in an increase of lymph node cellularity, stimulation of OVA-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 production as well as of OVA-specific proliferative response. |
| 3512 | 12357348 | In particular, ex vivo culture of ALL cells with CD40 ligand, incubation of AML cells with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4 (GM-CSF/IL-4) and lentiviral transduction of ALL and AML cells for expression of immunomodulators (CD80 and GM-CSF) are current approaches under investigation for the development of autologous acute leukemia cell vaccines. |
| 3513 | 12379697 | These infants also had lower median percentages of lymphocytes spontaneously making interleukin-4 (IL-4) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and lower ratios of T cells spontaneously making IL-4 to T cells making IL-6. |
| 3514 | 12385032 | In experiments designed to get insights into the interactions between PTX and circulating immune cells, we first observed that addition of PTX to adult whole blood induced the release of IL-12 and TNF-alpha as well as maturation of myeloid dendritic cells (DC). |
| 3515 | 12385032 | Secondly, studies on DC generated in vitro by culturing monocytes with IL-4 and GM-CSF showed that PTX directly stimulates MHC class II and costimulatory molecules up-regulation, cytokine synthesis and NF-kappa B activation. |
| 3516 | 12393694 | Comparative analysis of murine marrow-derived dendritic cells generated by Flt3L or GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with immune stimulatory agents on the in vivo induction of antileukemia responses. |
| 3517 | 12393694 | Bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (DCs) cultured in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) have been used to generate antitumor immune responses. |
| 3518 | 12393694 | We investigated whether CpGs would be comparable to TNF-alpha or LPS for the maturation of GM-CSF/IL-4-generated DCs. |
| 3519 | 12393694 | DCs cultured with GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with TNF-alpha, LPS, or CpG produced a greater allogeneic T-cell response compared with Flt3L/LPS-generated DCs. |
| 3520 | 12393694 | GM-CSF/IL-4/LPS was superior to Flt3L/LPS for generating anti-AML effects in vivo. |
| 3521 | 12393694 | Whereas TNF-alpha was comparable to LPS in conferring on GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs anti-AML effects in vivo, CpGs were superior to LPS. |
| 3522 | 12393694 | Comparative analysis of murine marrow-derived dendritic cells generated by Flt3L or GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with immune stimulatory agents on the in vivo induction of antileukemia responses. |
| 3523 | 12393694 | Bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (DCs) cultured in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) have been used to generate antitumor immune responses. |
| 3524 | 12393694 | We investigated whether CpGs would be comparable to TNF-alpha or LPS for the maturation of GM-CSF/IL-4-generated DCs. |
| 3525 | 12393694 | DCs cultured with GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with TNF-alpha, LPS, or CpG produced a greater allogeneic T-cell response compared with Flt3L/LPS-generated DCs. |
| 3526 | 12393694 | GM-CSF/IL-4/LPS was superior to Flt3L/LPS for generating anti-AML effects in vivo. |
| 3527 | 12393694 | Whereas TNF-alpha was comparable to LPS in conferring on GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs anti-AML effects in vivo, CpGs were superior to LPS. |
| 3528 | 12393694 | Comparative analysis of murine marrow-derived dendritic cells generated by Flt3L or GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with immune stimulatory agents on the in vivo induction of antileukemia responses. |
| 3529 | 12393694 | Bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (DCs) cultured in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) have been used to generate antitumor immune responses. |
| 3530 | 12393694 | We investigated whether CpGs would be comparable to TNF-alpha or LPS for the maturation of GM-CSF/IL-4-generated DCs. |
| 3531 | 12393694 | DCs cultured with GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with TNF-alpha, LPS, or CpG produced a greater allogeneic T-cell response compared with Flt3L/LPS-generated DCs. |
| 3532 | 12393694 | GM-CSF/IL-4/LPS was superior to Flt3L/LPS for generating anti-AML effects in vivo. |
| 3533 | 12393694 | Whereas TNF-alpha was comparable to LPS in conferring on GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs anti-AML effects in vivo, CpGs were superior to LPS. |
| 3534 | 12393694 | Comparative analysis of murine marrow-derived dendritic cells generated by Flt3L or GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with immune stimulatory agents on the in vivo induction of antileukemia responses. |
| 3535 | 12393694 | Bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (DCs) cultured in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) have been used to generate antitumor immune responses. |
| 3536 | 12393694 | We investigated whether CpGs would be comparable to TNF-alpha or LPS for the maturation of GM-CSF/IL-4-generated DCs. |
| 3537 | 12393694 | DCs cultured with GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with TNF-alpha, LPS, or CpG produced a greater allogeneic T-cell response compared with Flt3L/LPS-generated DCs. |
| 3538 | 12393694 | GM-CSF/IL-4/LPS was superior to Flt3L/LPS for generating anti-AML effects in vivo. |
| 3539 | 12393694 | Whereas TNF-alpha was comparable to LPS in conferring on GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs anti-AML effects in vivo, CpGs were superior to LPS. |
| 3540 | 12393694 | Comparative analysis of murine marrow-derived dendritic cells generated by Flt3L or GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with immune stimulatory agents on the in vivo induction of antileukemia responses. |
| 3541 | 12393694 | Bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (DCs) cultured in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) have been used to generate antitumor immune responses. |
| 3542 | 12393694 | We investigated whether CpGs would be comparable to TNF-alpha or LPS for the maturation of GM-CSF/IL-4-generated DCs. |
| 3543 | 12393694 | DCs cultured with GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with TNF-alpha, LPS, or CpG produced a greater allogeneic T-cell response compared with Flt3L/LPS-generated DCs. |
| 3544 | 12393694 | GM-CSF/IL-4/LPS was superior to Flt3L/LPS for generating anti-AML effects in vivo. |
| 3545 | 12393694 | Whereas TNF-alpha was comparable to LPS in conferring on GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs anti-AML effects in vivo, CpGs were superior to LPS. |
| 3546 | 12393694 | Comparative analysis of murine marrow-derived dendritic cells generated by Flt3L or GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with immune stimulatory agents on the in vivo induction of antileukemia responses. |
| 3547 | 12393694 | Bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (DCs) cultured in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) have been used to generate antitumor immune responses. |
| 3548 | 12393694 | We investigated whether CpGs would be comparable to TNF-alpha or LPS for the maturation of GM-CSF/IL-4-generated DCs. |
| 3549 | 12393694 | DCs cultured with GM-CSF/IL-4 and matured with TNF-alpha, LPS, or CpG produced a greater allogeneic T-cell response compared with Flt3L/LPS-generated DCs. |
| 3550 | 12393694 | GM-CSF/IL-4/LPS was superior to Flt3L/LPS for generating anti-AML effects in vivo. |
| 3551 | 12393694 | Whereas TNF-alpha was comparable to LPS in conferring on GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs anti-AML effects in vivo, CpGs were superior to LPS. |
| 3552 | 12399192 | Protection against plague following immunisation with microencapsulated V antigen is reduced by co-encapsulation with IFN-gamma or IL-4, but not IL-6. |
| 3553 | 12399192 | Microspheres containing rV alone or co-encapsulated with the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-6 were administered in a two-dose regimen and antibody responses and protective efficacy were monitored. |
| 3554 | 12399192 | Formulations based on rV antigen alone or rV co-encapsulated with IL-6 provided complete protection against systemic challenge with Y. pestis strain GB; however protective efficacy was impaired by co-encapsulating either IFN-gamma or IL-4 with rV. |
| 3555 | 12399192 | Protection against plague following immunisation with microencapsulated V antigen is reduced by co-encapsulation with IFN-gamma or IL-4, but not IL-6. |
| 3556 | 12399192 | Microspheres containing rV alone or co-encapsulated with the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-6 were administered in a two-dose regimen and antibody responses and protective efficacy were monitored. |
| 3557 | 12399192 | Formulations based on rV antigen alone or rV co-encapsulated with IL-6 provided complete protection against systemic challenge with Y. pestis strain GB; however protective efficacy was impaired by co-encapsulating either IFN-gamma or IL-4 with rV. |
| 3558 | 12399192 | Protection against plague following immunisation with microencapsulated V antigen is reduced by co-encapsulation with IFN-gamma or IL-4, but not IL-6. |
| 3559 | 12399192 | Microspheres containing rV alone or co-encapsulated with the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-6 were administered in a two-dose regimen and antibody responses and protective efficacy were monitored. |
| 3560 | 12399192 | Formulations based on rV antigen alone or rV co-encapsulated with IL-6 provided complete protection against systemic challenge with Y. pestis strain GB; however protective efficacy was impaired by co-encapsulating either IFN-gamma or IL-4 with rV. |
| 3561 | 12399972 | Our results demonstrate that leukemic DC generated in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-4 and matured with CD40L, are composed of two major subsets: DC derived from CD14(+) leukemic cells and leukemic DC derived from in vivo expanded circulating blood myeloid DC (MDC). |
| 3562 | 12406650 | For example, IFN-gamma has been linked to IgG2a and IgG3 production, IL-4 to IgG1 and IgE production and TGF-beta to IgA production. |
| 3563 | 12406650 | That is, IgG1 expression is positively regulated by IL-4 and IgG2 expression is positively regulated by IFN-gamma. |
| 3564 | 12406650 | For example, IFN-gamma has been linked to IgG2a and IgG3 production, IL-4 to IgG1 and IgE production and TGF-beta to IgA production. |
| 3565 | 12406650 | That is, IgG1 expression is positively regulated by IL-4 and IgG2 expression is positively regulated by IFN-gamma. |
| 3566 | 12406881 | Local and systemic effects of an allogeneic tumor cell vaccine combining transgenic human lymphotactin with interleukin-2 in patients with advanced or refractory neuroblastoma. |
| 3567 | 12406881 | They received up to 8 subcutaneous injections of a vaccine combining lymphotactin (Lptn)- and interleukin-2 (IL-2)-secreting allogeneic neuroblastoma cells in a dose-escalating scheme. |
| 3568 | 12406881 | Injection-site biopsies revealed increased cellularity caused by infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, eosinophils, and Langerhans cells. |
| 3569 | 12406881 | Systemically, the vaccine produced a 2-fold (P =.035) expansion of CD4+ T cells, a 3.5-fold (P =.039) expansion of natural killer (NK) cells, a 2.1-fold (P =.014) expansion of eosinophils, and a 1.6-fold (P =.049) increase in serum IL-5. |
| 3570 | 12406881 | Supernatant collected from restimulated cells showed increased amounts of IL-4 (11.4-fold; P =.021) and IL-5 (8.7-fold; P =.002). |
| 3571 | 12406881 | Hence, allogeneic tumor cell vaccines combining transgenic Lptn with IL-2 appear to have little toxicity in humans and can induce an antitumor immune response. |
| 3572 | 12415308 | Established models of T-helper-2-cell dominance in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major -- involving the early production of interleukin-4 by a small subset of Leishmania-specific CD4+ T cells -- have been refined by accumulating evidence that this response is not sufficient and, under some circumstances, not required to promote susceptibility. |
| 3573 | 12438346 | Intranasal vaccinations were given with recombinant interleukin-12 (IL-12)- and IL-4-neutralizing antibody (Ab) for type 1 immune bias, or recombinant IL-4 and gamma interferon-neutralizing Ab for type 2 immune bias. |
| 3574 | 12441072 | Enhanced clearance of herpes simplex virus type 1 and reduced herpetic eye disease in STAT6 knockout mice is associated with increased IL-2. |
| 3575 | 12441072 | STAT6 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 6)-deficient (STAT6-/-) mice have defects in IL-4- and IL-13-mediated functions and thus have a reduced T(H)2-mediated immune response. |
| 3576 | 12441072 | Lymphocytes from both vaccinated and mock-vaccinated STAT6-/- mice secreted higher amounts of IL-2 than lymphocytes from BALB/c mice, in the presence or absence of stimulation with UV-inactivated HSV-1. |
| 3577 | 12441072 | Finally, depletion of IL-2 increased ocular virus replication in STAT6-/- mice to levels similar to that measured in BALB/c mice. |
| 3578 | 12441072 | Our results suggest that in the absence of the STAT6 pathway, IL-2-mediated immune responses are up-regulated. |
| 3579 | 12444136 | B7/CD28-dependent CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells are essential components of the memory-protective immunity to Candida albicans. |
| 3580 | 12444136 | Here we show that CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, negatively regulating antifungal Th1 reactivity, are generated in mice with candidiasis. |
| 3581 | 12444136 | CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were not generated in B7-2- or CD28-deficient mice or in condition of IL-10 signaling deficiency. |
| 3582 | 12444136 | CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells poorly proliferated in vitro; were highly enriched for cells producing IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-beta; and required IL-10-producing, Candida hypha-activated dendritic cells for generation. |
| 3583 | 12444136 | Adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells or IL-10-producing dendritic cells restored resistance to reinfection and decreased inflammation in B7-2-deficient mice. |
| 3584 | 12460198 | Alum-bound rPhl p 5b induced a preferential allergen-specific Th2-response characterized by high immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody levels and elevated interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 production in cultured splenocytes. |
| 3585 | 12460198 | By contrast, CBP-bound rPhl p 5b, but not rPhl p 5b alone or coadministered with CBP, induced a mixed allergen-specific T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 immune response characterized by the additional production of allergen-specific IgG2a/b antibody responses and elevated interferon-gamma production. |
| 3586 | 12477285 | By contrast, T helper 2 responses (IL-4 and IL 10 release) correlate with disease exacerbation and pathology. |
| 3587 | 12496190 | Clearance of parasites from the skin was correlated with an inflammatory response and the infiltration and activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 3588 | 12496190 | In contrast, in lymphoid tissue (lymph node or spleen), the production of Th1/Th2 cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-10, and gamma interferon) appeared to correlate with parasite burden and pathogenesis. |
| 3589 | 12496431 | Previous studies have shown that nCT as mucosal adjuvant requires IL-4 and induces CD4-positive (CD4+) Th2-type responses, while nLT up-regulates Th1 cell production of IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses. |
| 3590 | 12496431 | To address the relative importance of the A or B subunits in CD4+ Th cell subset responses, chimeras of CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B were constructed. |
| 3591 | 12496431 | Mice nasally immunized with CT-A/LT-B or LT-A/CT-B and the weak immunogen OVA developed OVA-specific, plasma IgG Abs titers similar to those induced by either nCT or nLT. |
| 3592 | 12496431 | Both CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B promoted secretory IgA anti-OVA Ab, which established their retention of mucosal adjuvant activity. |
| 3593 | 12496431 | The CT-A/LT-B chimera, like nLT, induced OVA-specific mucosal and peripheral CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses, with plasma IgG2a anti-OVA Abs. |
| 3594 | 12496431 | Further, LT-A/CT-B, like nCT, promoted plasma IgG1 more than IgG2a and IgE Abs with OVA-specific CD4+ Th2 cells secreting high levels of IL-4, but not IFN-gamma. |
| 3595 | 12496431 | The LT-A/CT-B chimera and nCT, but not the CT-A/LT-B chimera or nLT, suppressed IL-12R expression and IFN-gamma production by activated T cells. |
| 3596 | 12496431 | Previous studies have shown that nCT as mucosal adjuvant requires IL-4 and induces CD4-positive (CD4+) Th2-type responses, while nLT up-regulates Th1 cell production of IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses. |
| 3597 | 12496431 | To address the relative importance of the A or B subunits in CD4+ Th cell subset responses, chimeras of CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B were constructed. |
| 3598 | 12496431 | Mice nasally immunized with CT-A/LT-B or LT-A/CT-B and the weak immunogen OVA developed OVA-specific, plasma IgG Abs titers similar to those induced by either nCT or nLT. |
| 3599 | 12496431 | Both CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B promoted secretory IgA anti-OVA Ab, which established their retention of mucosal adjuvant activity. |
| 3600 | 12496431 | The CT-A/LT-B chimera, like nLT, induced OVA-specific mucosal and peripheral CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses, with plasma IgG2a anti-OVA Abs. |
| 3601 | 12496431 | Further, LT-A/CT-B, like nCT, promoted plasma IgG1 more than IgG2a and IgE Abs with OVA-specific CD4+ Th2 cells secreting high levels of IL-4, but not IFN-gamma. |
| 3602 | 12496431 | The LT-A/CT-B chimera and nCT, but not the CT-A/LT-B chimera or nLT, suppressed IL-12R expression and IFN-gamma production by activated T cells. |
| 3603 | 12496431 | Previous studies have shown that nCT as mucosal adjuvant requires IL-4 and induces CD4-positive (CD4+) Th2-type responses, while nLT up-regulates Th1 cell production of IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses. |
| 3604 | 12496431 | To address the relative importance of the A or B subunits in CD4+ Th cell subset responses, chimeras of CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B were constructed. |
| 3605 | 12496431 | Mice nasally immunized with CT-A/LT-B or LT-A/CT-B and the weak immunogen OVA developed OVA-specific, plasma IgG Abs titers similar to those induced by either nCT or nLT. |
| 3606 | 12496431 | Both CT-A/LT-B and LT-A/CT-B promoted secretory IgA anti-OVA Ab, which established their retention of mucosal adjuvant activity. |
| 3607 | 12496431 | The CT-A/LT-B chimera, like nLT, induced OVA-specific mucosal and peripheral CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma and IL-4-independent Th2-type responses, with plasma IgG2a anti-OVA Abs. |
| 3608 | 12496431 | Further, LT-A/CT-B, like nCT, promoted plasma IgG1 more than IgG2a and IgE Abs with OVA-specific CD4+ Th2 cells secreting high levels of IL-4, but not IFN-gamma. |
| 3609 | 12496431 | The LT-A/CT-B chimera and nCT, but not the CT-A/LT-B chimera or nLT, suppressed IL-12R expression and IFN-gamma production by activated T cells. |
| 3610 | 12496436 | In immunodeficient mice, nasal immunization with gp160-HVJ-liposome induced Ag-specific immune responses for the systemic and mucosal compartments of both Th1 (IFN-gamma(-/-)) and Th2 (IL-4(-/-)). |
| 3611 | 12496450 | IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells with a CD62L++(bright) phenotype accumulate in a subgroup of older adults and are associated with the maintenance of intact humoral immunity in old age. |
| 3612 | 12496450 | We now demonstrate an IL-4-producing subpopulation of CD8+ T cells in a subgroup of healthy older adults. |
| 3613 | 12496450 | This T cell subset is substantial in size and has a characteristic phenotype expressing CD45RO, CD28, CD62L, and CD25. |
| 3614 | 12496450 | IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells produce large amounts of IL-2 but not IFN-gamma or perforin, and these cells do not have a regulatory suppressive effect on other T cells. |
| 3615 | 12496450 | In vivo IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells can be stably detected over a year. |
| 3616 | 12496450 | In this age group, IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells are more frequent in persons who are still capable of raising a humoral immune response following immunization than in others who fail to produce protective Abs after vaccination. |
| 3617 | 12496450 | IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells with a CD62L++(bright) phenotype accumulate in a subgroup of older adults and are associated with the maintenance of intact humoral immunity in old age. |
| 3618 | 12496450 | We now demonstrate an IL-4-producing subpopulation of CD8+ T cells in a subgroup of healthy older adults. |
| 3619 | 12496450 | This T cell subset is substantial in size and has a characteristic phenotype expressing CD45RO, CD28, CD62L, and CD25. |
| 3620 | 12496450 | IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells produce large amounts of IL-2 but not IFN-gamma or perforin, and these cells do not have a regulatory suppressive effect on other T cells. |
| 3621 | 12496450 | In vivo IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells can be stably detected over a year. |
| 3622 | 12496450 | In this age group, IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells are more frequent in persons who are still capable of raising a humoral immune response following immunization than in others who fail to produce protective Abs after vaccination. |
| 3623 | 12496450 | IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells with a CD62L++(bright) phenotype accumulate in a subgroup of older adults and are associated with the maintenance of intact humoral immunity in old age. |
| 3624 | 12496450 | We now demonstrate an IL-4-producing subpopulation of CD8+ T cells in a subgroup of healthy older adults. |
| 3625 | 12496450 | This T cell subset is substantial in size and has a characteristic phenotype expressing CD45RO, CD28, CD62L, and CD25. |
| 3626 | 12496450 | IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells produce large amounts of IL-2 but not IFN-gamma or perforin, and these cells do not have a regulatory suppressive effect on other T cells. |
| 3627 | 12496450 | In vivo IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells can be stably detected over a year. |
| 3628 | 12496450 | In this age group, IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells are more frequent in persons who are still capable of raising a humoral immune response following immunization than in others who fail to produce protective Abs after vaccination. |
| 3629 | 12496450 | IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells with a CD62L++(bright) phenotype accumulate in a subgroup of older adults and are associated with the maintenance of intact humoral immunity in old age. |
| 3630 | 12496450 | We now demonstrate an IL-4-producing subpopulation of CD8+ T cells in a subgroup of healthy older adults. |
| 3631 | 12496450 | This T cell subset is substantial in size and has a characteristic phenotype expressing CD45RO, CD28, CD62L, and CD25. |
| 3632 | 12496450 | IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells produce large amounts of IL-2 but not IFN-gamma or perforin, and these cells do not have a regulatory suppressive effect on other T cells. |
| 3633 | 12496450 | In vivo IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells can be stably detected over a year. |
| 3634 | 12496450 | In this age group, IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells are more frequent in persons who are still capable of raising a humoral immune response following immunization than in others who fail to produce protective Abs after vaccination. |
| 3635 | 12496450 | IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells with a CD62L++(bright) phenotype accumulate in a subgroup of older adults and are associated with the maintenance of intact humoral immunity in old age. |
| 3636 | 12496450 | We now demonstrate an IL-4-producing subpopulation of CD8+ T cells in a subgroup of healthy older adults. |
| 3637 | 12496450 | This T cell subset is substantial in size and has a characteristic phenotype expressing CD45RO, CD28, CD62L, and CD25. |
| 3638 | 12496450 | IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells produce large amounts of IL-2 but not IFN-gamma or perforin, and these cells do not have a regulatory suppressive effect on other T cells. |
| 3639 | 12496450 | In vivo IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells can be stably detected over a year. |
| 3640 | 12496450 | In this age group, IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells are more frequent in persons who are still capable of raising a humoral immune response following immunization than in others who fail to produce protective Abs after vaccination. |
| 3641 | 12500188 | These observations were further confirmed by the results of CD4(+) enzyme-linked immunospot assay for interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 and intracellular cytokine staining of IFN-gamma producing CD8(+) cells. |
| 3642 | 12505627 | To determine the mRNA expression of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-gamma in BALB/c mice challenged with RSV, a real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR assay was developed. |
| 3643 | 12505627 | The relative quantitative levels of mRNA for IL-4 and IFN-gamma were compared with those measured by an RNase protection assay (RPA) and an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which are methods used to measure the levels of mRNA and protein, respectively. |
| 3644 | 12505627 | Results obtained by the TaqMan assay showed that mice primed with KV induces increased IL-4 mRNA production while LV induces increased IFN-gamma mRNA, which is in agreement with conventional methods. |
| 3645 | 12505627 | IL-4 and IFN-gamma relative quantities obtained from TaqMan were highly correlated to those determined by RPA (r=0.96 for IFN-gamma, P<0.01) and EIA (r=0.90 for IL-4 and r=0.75 for IFN-gamma, P<0.01). |
| 3646 | 12505627 | To determine the mRNA expression of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-gamma in BALB/c mice challenged with RSV, a real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR assay was developed. |
| 3647 | 12505627 | The relative quantitative levels of mRNA for IL-4 and IFN-gamma were compared with those measured by an RNase protection assay (RPA) and an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which are methods used to measure the levels of mRNA and protein, respectively. |
| 3648 | 12505627 | Results obtained by the TaqMan assay showed that mice primed with KV induces increased IL-4 mRNA production while LV induces increased IFN-gamma mRNA, which is in agreement with conventional methods. |
| 3649 | 12505627 | IL-4 and IFN-gamma relative quantities obtained from TaqMan were highly correlated to those determined by RPA (r=0.96 for IFN-gamma, P<0.01) and EIA (r=0.90 for IL-4 and r=0.75 for IFN-gamma, P<0.01). |
| 3650 | 12505627 | To determine the mRNA expression of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-gamma in BALB/c mice challenged with RSV, a real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR assay was developed. |
| 3651 | 12505627 | The relative quantitative levels of mRNA for IL-4 and IFN-gamma were compared with those measured by an RNase protection assay (RPA) and an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which are methods used to measure the levels of mRNA and protein, respectively. |
| 3652 | 12505627 | Results obtained by the TaqMan assay showed that mice primed with KV induces increased IL-4 mRNA production while LV induces increased IFN-gamma mRNA, which is in agreement with conventional methods. |
| 3653 | 12505627 | IL-4 and IFN-gamma relative quantities obtained from TaqMan were highly correlated to those determined by RPA (r=0.96 for IFN-gamma, P<0.01) and EIA (r=0.90 for IL-4 and r=0.75 for IFN-gamma, P<0.01). |
| 3654 | 12505627 | To determine the mRNA expression of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-gamma in BALB/c mice challenged with RSV, a real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR assay was developed. |
| 3655 | 12505627 | The relative quantitative levels of mRNA for IL-4 and IFN-gamma were compared with those measured by an RNase protection assay (RPA) and an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which are methods used to measure the levels of mRNA and protein, respectively. |
| 3656 | 12505627 | Results obtained by the TaqMan assay showed that mice primed with KV induces increased IL-4 mRNA production while LV induces increased IFN-gamma mRNA, which is in agreement with conventional methods. |
| 3657 | 12505627 | IL-4 and IFN-gamma relative quantities obtained from TaqMan were highly correlated to those determined by RPA (r=0.96 for IFN-gamma, P<0.01) and EIA (r=0.90 for IL-4 and r=0.75 for IFN-gamma, P<0.01). |
| 3658 | 12512800 | BMDC were generated from bone marrow precursor cells as described previously by culturing the cells in medium containing GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 3659 | 12512800 | Forty to fifty percent of both samples, frozen/thawed as well as fresh BMDC, exhibited characteristic DC morphology, and the DC obtained from the frozen/thawed samples expressed a similar level of MHC class I-, MHC class II-, CD80-, CD86-, CD11c-, CD11b-, CD54- and CD205-molecule as fresh DC. |
| 3660 | 12513792 | The phenotype of DC was detected by FCM with CD1a, CD40, CD80, CD86, HLA-A, B, C and HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies. |
| 3661 | 12513792 | The level of IL-12 and IFN-gamma in supernatant of DC culture was measured by ELISA. |
| 3662 | 12513792 | A high expression of phenotypes was found in HL-60-DC and THP-1-DC stimulated by GM-CSF + IL-4 + TNF-gamma and K562-DC with GM-CSF + IL-4 + IL-12. |
| 3663 | 12513913 | Endogenous interleukin-4 downregulates the type 1 CD4 T cell-mediated immune response induced by intramuscular DNA immunization. |
| 3664 | 12513913 | IL-4-deficient mice had a significantly lower ratio of specific serum IgG1/IgG2a, and on in vitro restimulation with antigen, their spleen cells secreted significantly higher amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 3665 | 12513913 | In contrast, absence of IL-4 did not affect total serum antibody response, T cell proliferative responses, or activation of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 3666 | 12513913 | To our knowledge, our study provides the first evidence that endogenous IL-4 selectively downregulates the type 1 CD4(+) T cell-mediated immune response induced by i.m. genetic immunization, a fact that may have implications for the design of certain DNA vaccines. |
| 3667 | 12513913 | Endogenous interleukin-4 downregulates the type 1 CD4 T cell-mediated immune response induced by intramuscular DNA immunization. |
| 3668 | 12513913 | IL-4-deficient mice had a significantly lower ratio of specific serum IgG1/IgG2a, and on in vitro restimulation with antigen, their spleen cells secreted significantly higher amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 3669 | 12513913 | In contrast, absence of IL-4 did not affect total serum antibody response, T cell proliferative responses, or activation of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 3670 | 12513913 | To our knowledge, our study provides the first evidence that endogenous IL-4 selectively downregulates the type 1 CD4(+) T cell-mediated immune response induced by i.m. genetic immunization, a fact that may have implications for the design of certain DNA vaccines. |
| 3671 | 12513913 | Endogenous interleukin-4 downregulates the type 1 CD4 T cell-mediated immune response induced by intramuscular DNA immunization. |
| 3672 | 12513913 | IL-4-deficient mice had a significantly lower ratio of specific serum IgG1/IgG2a, and on in vitro restimulation with antigen, their spleen cells secreted significantly higher amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 3673 | 12513913 | In contrast, absence of IL-4 did not affect total serum antibody response, T cell proliferative responses, or activation of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 3674 | 12513913 | To our knowledge, our study provides the first evidence that endogenous IL-4 selectively downregulates the type 1 CD4(+) T cell-mediated immune response induced by i.m. genetic immunization, a fact that may have implications for the design of certain DNA vaccines. |
| 3675 | 12513913 | Endogenous interleukin-4 downregulates the type 1 CD4 T cell-mediated immune response induced by intramuscular DNA immunization. |
| 3676 | 12513913 | IL-4-deficient mice had a significantly lower ratio of specific serum IgG1/IgG2a, and on in vitro restimulation with antigen, their spleen cells secreted significantly higher amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 3677 | 12513913 | In contrast, absence of IL-4 did not affect total serum antibody response, T cell proliferative responses, or activation of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 3678 | 12513913 | To our knowledge, our study provides the first evidence that endogenous IL-4 selectively downregulates the type 1 CD4(+) T cell-mediated immune response induced by i.m. genetic immunization, a fact that may have implications for the design of certain DNA vaccines. |
| 3679 | 12516566 | Here, we studied the allergen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations induced following immunization of allergic and non-allergic mice with DNA vaccine vectors encoding discrete epitopes of the house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group I (Der p 1) allergen. |
| 3680 | 12516566 | Using Elispot analysis, we demonstrate that allergic/vaccinated mice generate a mixed Th1/Th2 response against the allergen with high numbers of allergen-specific CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma or IL-4, whereas in non-allergic/vaccinated mice a polarized Th1 response was dominant. |
| 3681 | 12516566 | Allergen-specific CD8+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma were induced at equal frequencies in both allergic and non-allergic mice. |
| 3682 | 12522051 | Fifteen human cytokines (interleukin 1alpha [IL-1alpha], IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were validated with a panel of healthy individuals, rheumatoid arthritis patients, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. |
| 3683 | 12526058 | Spleen cells from mice immunized nasally with the vaccine and toxin produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) at the same level on restimulation in vitro with glycoprotein H: glycoprotein L (gH:gL), gB, and gE:gI, but not IL-4. |
| 3684 | 12526058 | The spleen cells from mice immunized with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI and toxin produced IL-2 on restimulation with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI, respectively, and the vaccine, but not IL-4. |
| 3685 | 12526058 | Immunization with gH:gL and the toxin showed increased thymidine uptake and production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) of the spleen cells, but not IL-4, depending on the dose of gH:gL used for immunization and restimulation in vitro. |
| 3686 | 12526058 | Spleen cells from mice immunized nasally with the vaccine and toxin produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) at the same level on restimulation in vitro with glycoprotein H: glycoprotein L (gH:gL), gB, and gE:gI, but not IL-4. |
| 3687 | 12526058 | The spleen cells from mice immunized with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI and toxin produced IL-2 on restimulation with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI, respectively, and the vaccine, but not IL-4. |
| 3688 | 12526058 | Immunization with gH:gL and the toxin showed increased thymidine uptake and production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) of the spleen cells, but not IL-4, depending on the dose of gH:gL used for immunization and restimulation in vitro. |
| 3689 | 12526058 | Spleen cells from mice immunized nasally with the vaccine and toxin produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) at the same level on restimulation in vitro with glycoprotein H: glycoprotein L (gH:gL), gB, and gE:gI, but not IL-4. |
| 3690 | 12526058 | The spleen cells from mice immunized with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI and toxin produced IL-2 on restimulation with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI, respectively, and the vaccine, but not IL-4. |
| 3691 | 12526058 | Immunization with gH:gL and the toxin showed increased thymidine uptake and production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) of the spleen cells, but not IL-4, depending on the dose of gH:gL used for immunization and restimulation in vitro. |
| 3692 | 12531338 | Previous studies had demonstrated that enhanced clearance was linked to increased production of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4, respectively) in regional lymph nodes, and increased secretion of IFN-gamma and NO in saliva. |
| 3693 | 12531338 | Compared to control mice, those given the oral vaccine had a 4 log reduction in colonisation on day 2, associated with twice the levels of secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-4 from the regional node cells, five times the level of nitric oxide in saliva, and suppression of NO production with MMLA induced a 2 log increase in oral colonisation. |
| 3694 | 12531338 | Thus while both IFN-gamma and IL-4 appear to contribute to clearance of oral C. albicans, IL-4 appears to act through a paracrine enhancement of NO production. |
| 3695 | 12531338 | Previous studies had demonstrated that enhanced clearance was linked to increased production of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4, respectively) in regional lymph nodes, and increased secretion of IFN-gamma and NO in saliva. |
| 3696 | 12531338 | Compared to control mice, those given the oral vaccine had a 4 log reduction in colonisation on day 2, associated with twice the levels of secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-4 from the regional node cells, five times the level of nitric oxide in saliva, and suppression of NO production with MMLA induced a 2 log increase in oral colonisation. |
| 3697 | 12531338 | Thus while both IFN-gamma and IL-4 appear to contribute to clearance of oral C. albicans, IL-4 appears to act through a paracrine enhancement of NO production. |
| 3698 | 12531338 | Previous studies had demonstrated that enhanced clearance was linked to increased production of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4, respectively) in regional lymph nodes, and increased secretion of IFN-gamma and NO in saliva. |
| 3699 | 12531338 | Compared to control mice, those given the oral vaccine had a 4 log reduction in colonisation on day 2, associated with twice the levels of secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-4 from the regional node cells, five times the level of nitric oxide in saliva, and suppression of NO production with MMLA induced a 2 log increase in oral colonisation. |
| 3700 | 12531338 | Thus while both IFN-gamma and IL-4 appear to contribute to clearance of oral C. albicans, IL-4 appears to act through a paracrine enhancement of NO production. |
| 3701 | 12531363 | Plasmids encoding mouse IL-4 and IL-18 under cytomegalovirus promoter were constructed and transformed into live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain CVD 908-htrA, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SL3261. |
| 3702 | 12531644 | Our data showed that i.n. route of immunization induced the most favorable stimulation of mucosal antigen-specific IgA responses supported by mixed Th cells producing IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma. |
| 3703 | 12536236 | The ability of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells to acquire dendritic cell (DC)-like characteristics in vitro with a rapid culture method based either on the phorbol ester PMA or calcium ionophores has been studied in comparison to conventional AML-DC cultures with the cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-3 (IL-3), SCF, FLT3-L and IL-4. |
| 3704 | 12536236 | The most mature APC were generated by calcium ionophore A23187 plus IL-4, as evidenced by the higher expression of CD40, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR. |
| 3705 | 12536236 | The ability of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells to acquire dendritic cell (DC)-like characteristics in vitro with a rapid culture method based either on the phorbol ester PMA or calcium ionophores has been studied in comparison to conventional AML-DC cultures with the cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-3 (IL-3), SCF, FLT3-L and IL-4. |
| 3706 | 12536236 | The most mature APC were generated by calcium ionophore A23187 plus IL-4, as evidenced by the higher expression of CD40, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR. |
| 3707 | 12538699 | Then, in the course of infection the initial IFN-gamma response to these two epitopes shifted to a mixed IFN-gamma/IL-4 response. |
| 3708 | 12540559 | We here report that BALB/c interleukin-4 knockout (IL-4(-/-)) mice are weakly overcolonized compared to the wt strain but that the IL-12(-/-) knockout results in a strong overcolonization (500%). |
| 3709 | 12540559 | The IL-4(-/-) mutation caused a 50% reduction and the IL-12(-/-) knockout caused a 95% reduction compared to the wt colonization rate. |
| 3710 | 12540559 | For C57BL/6J mice we further analyzed the IL-18(-/-) and Toll-like receptor 2 knockout mutations, which showed reductions to 66 and 57%, respectively, whereas mice with the IL-10(-/-) phenotype were hardly infected at all (5%). |
| 3711 | 12540559 | In contrast, the tumor necrosis factor receptor knockout (p55(-/-) and p55/75(-/-)) mice showed an overcolonization compared to the C57BL/6J wt strain. |
| 3712 | 12540559 | With exception of the low-level infected C57BL/6J IL-10(-/-) and IL-12(-/-) knockout mice, all knockout mutants were accessible to a prophylactic vaccination and their vaccination behavior was comparable to that of the wt strains. |
| 3713 | 12540559 | We here report that BALB/c interleukin-4 knockout (IL-4(-/-)) mice are weakly overcolonized compared to the wt strain but that the IL-12(-/-) knockout results in a strong overcolonization (500%). |
| 3714 | 12540559 | The IL-4(-/-) mutation caused a 50% reduction and the IL-12(-/-) knockout caused a 95% reduction compared to the wt colonization rate. |
| 3715 | 12540559 | For C57BL/6J mice we further analyzed the IL-18(-/-) and Toll-like receptor 2 knockout mutations, which showed reductions to 66 and 57%, respectively, whereas mice with the IL-10(-/-) phenotype were hardly infected at all (5%). |
| 3716 | 12540559 | In contrast, the tumor necrosis factor receptor knockout (p55(-/-) and p55/75(-/-)) mice showed an overcolonization compared to the C57BL/6J wt strain. |
| 3717 | 12540559 | With exception of the low-level infected C57BL/6J IL-10(-/-) and IL-12(-/-) knockout mice, all knockout mutants were accessible to a prophylactic vaccination and their vaccination behavior was comparable to that of the wt strains. |
| 3718 | 12540573 | Vaccine-induced reduction of Helicobacter pylori colonization in mice is interleukin-12 dependent but gamma interferon and inducible nitric oxide synthase independent. |
| 3719 | 12540573 | Elevated levels of mRNA for interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were associated with protection in immunized-challenged (I/C) mice, but Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) and chemokine (KC, MIP-2, and MCP-1) expression was not associated with protection. |
| 3720 | 12540573 | Despite the association of IFN-gamma and iNOS message with protection, I/C mice genetically lacking either of these products were able to reduce the bacterial load as well as the wild-type I/C controls. |
| 3721 | 12540573 | We conclude that neither IFN-gamma nor iNOS is essential for vaccine-induced protection from H. pylori infection. |
| 3722 | 12540573 | The p40 subunit of IL-12, which is a component of both IL-12 and IL-23, is necessary for protection in immunized mice. |
| 3723 | 12547348 | RT-PCR analyses of mRNAs in the skin of vaccinated animals indicated increased expression of interleukin (IL)-4 relative to gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN). |
| 3724 | 12547597 | The cells were cultured in a serum-free medium with different cytokine combinations including GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, Flt-3, CD40L, IFN-gamma, IL-1alpha, IL-6, PGE1, and IL-4. |
| 3725 | 12547598 | Immature human DC were generated from peripheral blood monocytes cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 3726 | 12547598 | Uptake of antigen by DC and the degree of expression of the cell surface markers MHC class II, CD80, CD86 and the DC maturation marker CD83, was investigated by flow cytometry following incubation with liposomes or solution containing FITC-conjugated antigen. |
| 3727 | 12560579 | This allowed a semi-quantitative analysis of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene expression levels from porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). |
| 3728 | 12560579 | In addition, when PBMCs from pigs immunized previously with classical swine fever virus (CSFV) vaccine were cultivated with the recall antigen, CSFV, in the presence of PRRSV, significant upregulation of IL-10 gene expression and reduction of IFN-gamma gene expression were observed. |
| 3729 | 12562379 | IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, the two major cytokines associated with DTH, were efficiently induced by BCG. |
| 3730 | 12562379 | Constitutive levels of IL4 and IL5 were observed, but neither IL4 nor IL5 were modulated by BCG. |
| 3731 | 12562379 | Production of Th1 (T helper type 1) cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL2 and IL12) preceded that of the Th2 (T helper type 2) cytokine IL10. |
| 3732 | 12562379 | A tendency toward higher ratios of IFN-gamma versus IL10 for BCG responders also was observed. |
| 3733 | 12568121 | Firstly, BALB/c mice were immunized with cDNAs for G2s and the TSHr, alone or in tandem with cDNAs for interleukin (IL)4 or IL12. |
| 3734 | 12568121 | Antibody levels in mice immunized with G2s + TSHr or G2s + IL12 were generally higher than those in mice immunized with G2s only. |
| 3735 | 12568121 | TRAb levels were greatest in mice immunized with both G2s and the TSHr in the presence of TL4, but not IL12. |
| 3736 | 12568121 | Overall, the greatest histological changes were observed in CD-1 mice immunized with both G2s + TSHr + IL4. |
| 3737 | 12568121 | These results indicate that we have established a valid model for human ophthalmopathy using the novel thyroid and eye muscle expressed protein G2s, now recognized as a fragment of the winged-helix transcription factor Foxp1, and TSHr, and that G2s and the TSHr are both primary antigens in TAO. |
| 3738 | 12568121 | Firstly, BALB/c mice were immunized with cDNAs for G2s and the TSHr, alone or in tandem with cDNAs for interleukin (IL)4 or IL12. |
| 3739 | 12568121 | Antibody levels in mice immunized with G2s + TSHr or G2s + IL12 were generally higher than those in mice immunized with G2s only. |
| 3740 | 12568121 | TRAb levels were greatest in mice immunized with both G2s and the TSHr in the presence of TL4, but not IL12. |
| 3741 | 12568121 | Overall, the greatest histological changes were observed in CD-1 mice immunized with both G2s + TSHr + IL4. |
| 3742 | 12568121 | These results indicate that we have established a valid model for human ophthalmopathy using the novel thyroid and eye muscle expressed protein G2s, now recognized as a fragment of the winged-helix transcription factor Foxp1, and TSHr, and that G2s and the TSHr are both primary antigens in TAO. |
| 3743 | 12570676 | The Th2 type DTH is characterized by eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration and is associated with high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 production. |
| 3744 | 12573592 | Replication, immunogenicity, and protective properties of live-attenuated simian immunodeficiency viruses expressing interleukin-4 or interferon-gamma. |
| 3745 | 12573592 | Nef deletion mutants of SIV-expressing interleukin-4 (SIV-IL4) or interferon-gamma (SIV-IFN) were constructed to study the effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) on viral load, immunogenicity, and protective properties. |
| 3746 | 12573592 | Deletion of the viral IFN gene, but not the viral IL-4 gene, after the development of antiviral immune responses suggests a repressive effect of IFN, but not IL-4, on virus spread in vivo. |
| 3747 | 12573592 | Replication, immunogenicity, and protective properties of live-attenuated simian immunodeficiency viruses expressing interleukin-4 or interferon-gamma. |
| 3748 | 12573592 | Nef deletion mutants of SIV-expressing interleukin-4 (SIV-IL4) or interferon-gamma (SIV-IFN) were constructed to study the effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) on viral load, immunogenicity, and protective properties. |
| 3749 | 12573592 | Deletion of the viral IFN gene, but not the viral IL-4 gene, after the development of antiviral immune responses suggests a repressive effect of IFN, but not IL-4, on virus spread in vivo. |
| 3750 | 12573592 | Replication, immunogenicity, and protective properties of live-attenuated simian immunodeficiency viruses expressing interleukin-4 or interferon-gamma. |
| 3751 | 12573592 | Nef deletion mutants of SIV-expressing interleukin-4 (SIV-IL4) or interferon-gamma (SIV-IFN) were constructed to study the effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) on viral load, immunogenicity, and protective properties. |
| 3752 | 12573592 | Deletion of the viral IFN gene, but not the viral IL-4 gene, after the development of antiviral immune responses suggests a repressive effect of IFN, but not IL-4, on virus spread in vivo. |
| 3753 | 12574338 | Inoculation of CPB2.8 (< or =5 microg) into the footpads of BALB/c mice not only up-regulated mRNA transcripts for IL-4 and IL-4 production in the draining popliteal lymph nodes, but also polarized splenocyte anti-CD3 stimulated responses toward a Th2 bias as measured by increased IL-5 production compared with controls. |
| 3754 | 12574338 | Furthermore, enzymatically active (<0.1 U/ml) but not E-64-inactivated CPB2.8 was able to proteolytically cleave CD23 and CD25, although not B220 or CD4 from murine lymphocytes. |
| 3755 | 12574345 | We failed to detect any effects on ex vivo MOG-peptide-induced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, and brain-derived neurotropic factor expression in splenocytes or CNS-derived lymphocytes. |
| 3756 | 12574345 | In CNS-derived lymphocytes, Fas ligand expression was down-regulated in DNA-vaccinated rats compared with controls. |
| 3757 | 12574374 | Although well studied in settings of helminth infection and allergen sensitization, the combined contributions of IL-4 and IL-13 and their signaling pathways in models of viral pathogenesis have not been reported. |
| 3758 | 12574374 | Using a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we evaluated the contribution of IL-13, alone and in conjunction with IL-4, during immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV G glycoprotein (vvGs) or with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV). |
| 3759 | 12574374 | We showed that both IL-4 and IL-13 activity must be inhibited to modulate G-specific responses resulting in severe RSV-induced disease. |
| 3760 | 12574374 | Inhibition of IL-4 or IL-13 activity alone had minimal impact on disease in vvGs-immunized mice. |
| 3761 | 12574374 | However, treatment of IL-4-deficient mice with IL-13Ra during vvGs immunization reduced IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin production and pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge. |
| 3762 | 12574374 | In contrast, FI-RSV-induced immune responses were diminished when either IL-4 or IL-13 activity was blocked. |
| 3763 | 12574374 | Our data suggest that secreted vvGs uses mechanisms requiring signaling through the IL-4Ralpha-chain by either IL-4 or IL-13 for induction of eosinophilia and is the first description of the relative contributions of IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors in viral pathogenesis. |
| 3764 | 12574374 | Although well studied in settings of helminth infection and allergen sensitization, the combined contributions of IL-4 and IL-13 and their signaling pathways in models of viral pathogenesis have not been reported. |
| 3765 | 12574374 | Using a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we evaluated the contribution of IL-13, alone and in conjunction with IL-4, during immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV G glycoprotein (vvGs) or with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV). |
| 3766 | 12574374 | We showed that both IL-4 and IL-13 activity must be inhibited to modulate G-specific responses resulting in severe RSV-induced disease. |
| 3767 | 12574374 | Inhibition of IL-4 or IL-13 activity alone had minimal impact on disease in vvGs-immunized mice. |
| 3768 | 12574374 | However, treatment of IL-4-deficient mice with IL-13Ra during vvGs immunization reduced IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin production and pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge. |
| 3769 | 12574374 | In contrast, FI-RSV-induced immune responses were diminished when either IL-4 or IL-13 activity was blocked. |
| 3770 | 12574374 | Our data suggest that secreted vvGs uses mechanisms requiring signaling through the IL-4Ralpha-chain by either IL-4 or IL-13 for induction of eosinophilia and is the first description of the relative contributions of IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors in viral pathogenesis. |
| 3771 | 12574374 | Although well studied in settings of helminth infection and allergen sensitization, the combined contributions of IL-4 and IL-13 and their signaling pathways in models of viral pathogenesis have not been reported. |
| 3772 | 12574374 | Using a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we evaluated the contribution of IL-13, alone and in conjunction with IL-4, during immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV G glycoprotein (vvGs) or with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV). |
| 3773 | 12574374 | We showed that both IL-4 and IL-13 activity must be inhibited to modulate G-specific responses resulting in severe RSV-induced disease. |
| 3774 | 12574374 | Inhibition of IL-4 or IL-13 activity alone had minimal impact on disease in vvGs-immunized mice. |
| 3775 | 12574374 | However, treatment of IL-4-deficient mice with IL-13Ra during vvGs immunization reduced IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin production and pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge. |
| 3776 | 12574374 | In contrast, FI-RSV-induced immune responses were diminished when either IL-4 or IL-13 activity was blocked. |
| 3777 | 12574374 | Our data suggest that secreted vvGs uses mechanisms requiring signaling through the IL-4Ralpha-chain by either IL-4 or IL-13 for induction of eosinophilia and is the first description of the relative contributions of IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors in viral pathogenesis. |
| 3778 | 12574374 | Although well studied in settings of helminth infection and allergen sensitization, the combined contributions of IL-4 and IL-13 and their signaling pathways in models of viral pathogenesis have not been reported. |
| 3779 | 12574374 | Using a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we evaluated the contribution of IL-13, alone and in conjunction with IL-4, during immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV G glycoprotein (vvGs) or with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV). |
| 3780 | 12574374 | We showed that both IL-4 and IL-13 activity must be inhibited to modulate G-specific responses resulting in severe RSV-induced disease. |
| 3781 | 12574374 | Inhibition of IL-4 or IL-13 activity alone had minimal impact on disease in vvGs-immunized mice. |
| 3782 | 12574374 | However, treatment of IL-4-deficient mice with IL-13Ra during vvGs immunization reduced IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin production and pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge. |
| 3783 | 12574374 | In contrast, FI-RSV-induced immune responses were diminished when either IL-4 or IL-13 activity was blocked. |
| 3784 | 12574374 | Our data suggest that secreted vvGs uses mechanisms requiring signaling through the IL-4Ralpha-chain by either IL-4 or IL-13 for induction of eosinophilia and is the first description of the relative contributions of IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors in viral pathogenesis. |
| 3785 | 12574374 | Although well studied in settings of helminth infection and allergen sensitization, the combined contributions of IL-4 and IL-13 and their signaling pathways in models of viral pathogenesis have not been reported. |
| 3786 | 12574374 | Using a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we evaluated the contribution of IL-13, alone and in conjunction with IL-4, during immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV G glycoprotein (vvGs) or with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV). |
| 3787 | 12574374 | We showed that both IL-4 and IL-13 activity must be inhibited to modulate G-specific responses resulting in severe RSV-induced disease. |
| 3788 | 12574374 | Inhibition of IL-4 or IL-13 activity alone had minimal impact on disease in vvGs-immunized mice. |
| 3789 | 12574374 | However, treatment of IL-4-deficient mice with IL-13Ra during vvGs immunization reduced IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin production and pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge. |
| 3790 | 12574374 | In contrast, FI-RSV-induced immune responses were diminished when either IL-4 or IL-13 activity was blocked. |
| 3791 | 12574374 | Our data suggest that secreted vvGs uses mechanisms requiring signaling through the IL-4Ralpha-chain by either IL-4 or IL-13 for induction of eosinophilia and is the first description of the relative contributions of IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors in viral pathogenesis. |
| 3792 | 12574374 | Although well studied in settings of helminth infection and allergen sensitization, the combined contributions of IL-4 and IL-13 and their signaling pathways in models of viral pathogenesis have not been reported. |
| 3793 | 12574374 | Using a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we evaluated the contribution of IL-13, alone and in conjunction with IL-4, during immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV G glycoprotein (vvGs) or with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV). |
| 3794 | 12574374 | We showed that both IL-4 and IL-13 activity must be inhibited to modulate G-specific responses resulting in severe RSV-induced disease. |
| 3795 | 12574374 | Inhibition of IL-4 or IL-13 activity alone had minimal impact on disease in vvGs-immunized mice. |
| 3796 | 12574374 | However, treatment of IL-4-deficient mice with IL-13Ra during vvGs immunization reduced IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin production and pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge. |
| 3797 | 12574374 | In contrast, FI-RSV-induced immune responses were diminished when either IL-4 or IL-13 activity was blocked. |
| 3798 | 12574374 | Our data suggest that secreted vvGs uses mechanisms requiring signaling through the IL-4Ralpha-chain by either IL-4 or IL-13 for induction of eosinophilia and is the first description of the relative contributions of IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors in viral pathogenesis. |
| 3799 | 12574374 | Although well studied in settings of helminth infection and allergen sensitization, the combined contributions of IL-4 and IL-13 and their signaling pathways in models of viral pathogenesis have not been reported. |
| 3800 | 12574374 | Using a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we evaluated the contribution of IL-13, alone and in conjunction with IL-4, during immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV G glycoprotein (vvGs) or with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV). |
| 3801 | 12574374 | We showed that both IL-4 and IL-13 activity must be inhibited to modulate G-specific responses resulting in severe RSV-induced disease. |
| 3802 | 12574374 | Inhibition of IL-4 or IL-13 activity alone had minimal impact on disease in vvGs-immunized mice. |
| 3803 | 12574374 | However, treatment of IL-4-deficient mice with IL-13Ra during vvGs immunization reduced IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin production and pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge. |
| 3804 | 12574374 | In contrast, FI-RSV-induced immune responses were diminished when either IL-4 or IL-13 activity was blocked. |
| 3805 | 12574374 | Our data suggest that secreted vvGs uses mechanisms requiring signaling through the IL-4Ralpha-chain by either IL-4 or IL-13 for induction of eosinophilia and is the first description of the relative contributions of IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors in viral pathogenesis. |
| 3806 | 12586483 | Differentiation of porcine dendritic cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed in Pichia pastoris. |
| 3807 | 12586483 | Strategies to enhance their function, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 treatment to induce DC differentiation from peripheral blood monocytes, may therefore be useful as vaccine adjuvants. |
| 3808 | 12589958 | Real-time PCR confirmed the memory effect on T-cell subsets secreting interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma, as a consequence of stimulation of both arms of the immune system. |
| 3809 | 12594331 | We generated CD4(+) T cell lines to fractions of native antigens from the blood stages of the rodent parasite, Plasmodium yoelii, and identified fraction-specific T cells that had a Th1 phenotype (producing IL-2, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not IL-4, after antigenic stimulation). |
| 3810 | 12594570 | The purpose of this work was to optimize the ex-vivo production of functional TAA-loaded DC that would produce interleukin-2 (IL-12) and enhance the T cell response. |
| 3811 | 12594570 | We generated ex-vivo DC from human monocytes with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4, and whole necrotic tumor cells (cell lysates) of cancer cell lines were used as model TAA. |
| 3812 | 12594570 | TNF-alpha matured DC phenotypically, but additional interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment was necessary to achieve functional maturation, the production of significant amounts of IL-12. |
| 3813 | 12594570 | Our results suggest that after allowing 4 h of tumor lysate uptake by immature DC, further treatment with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma for 24 h provides the optimal conditions to obtain functional TAA-loaded DC. |
| 3814 | 12595418 | The dynamics of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)- and interleukin-4 (IL-4)-secreting CD4 T cells were analyzed after priming through intragastric delivery of an attenuated delta actA recombinant L. monocytogenes strain expressing the Leishmania major LACK protein; a peptide of this protein, LACK(158-173) peptide (pLACK), is a well-characterized CD4 T-cell target in BALB/c mice. |
| 3815 | 12595418 | Efficient priming of IFN-gamma-secreting pLACK-reactive CD4 T cells was observed in all tested compartments. |
| 3816 | 12595418 | Interestingly, IL-4-secreting pLACK-reactive CD4 T cells were detectable at day 6 or 7 only in blood and liver. |
| 3817 | 12595418 | The dynamics of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)- and interleukin-4 (IL-4)-secreting CD4 T cells were analyzed after priming through intragastric delivery of an attenuated delta actA recombinant L. monocytogenes strain expressing the Leishmania major LACK protein; a peptide of this protein, LACK(158-173) peptide (pLACK), is a well-characterized CD4 T-cell target in BALB/c mice. |
| 3818 | 12595418 | Efficient priming of IFN-gamma-secreting pLACK-reactive CD4 T cells was observed in all tested compartments. |
| 3819 | 12595418 | Interestingly, IL-4-secreting pLACK-reactive CD4 T cells were detectable at day 6 or 7 only in blood and liver. |
| 3820 | 12595427 | The levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma interferon mRNAs in the immunized animals were elevated, and the proliferation of spleen cells was also enhanced in the immunized animals. |
| 3821 | 12603608 | A significant correlation (P < 0.025) between immunogenicity and the ratio of tumour-specific interferon-gamma : interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion by TVDLN T cells was identified. |
| 3822 | 12603608 | We then documented that non-therapeutic T cells primed by the poorly immunogenic D5, recognized "tumour-rejection" antigens and that reprogramming their cytokine response, by in vitro culture with IL-12 and anti-IL-4, to a T1 profile uncovered therapeutic efficacy. |
| 3823 | 12603608 | A significant correlation (P < 0.025) between immunogenicity and the ratio of tumour-specific interferon-gamma : interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion by TVDLN T cells was identified. |
| 3824 | 12603608 | We then documented that non-therapeutic T cells primed by the poorly immunogenic D5, recognized "tumour-rejection" antigens and that reprogramming their cytokine response, by in vitro culture with IL-12 and anti-IL-4, to a T1 profile uncovered therapeutic efficacy. |
| 3825 | 12605698 | The cells were stimulated in vitro with recombinant HBsAg and PHA mitogen and concentrations of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma were quantified in culture supernatants by sandwich ELISA. |
| 3826 | 12605698 | Our results demonstrated significantly increased production of all cytokines, including IL-4 (P < 0.001), IL-10 (P < 0.002) and IFN-gamma (P < 0.01) in responder compared to nonresponder vaccinees. |
| 3827 | 12605698 | The cells were stimulated in vitro with recombinant HBsAg and PHA mitogen and concentrations of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma were quantified in culture supernatants by sandwich ELISA. |
| 3828 | 12605698 | Our results demonstrated significantly increased production of all cytokines, including IL-4 (P < 0.001), IL-10 (P < 0.002) and IFN-gamma (P < 0.01) in responder compared to nonresponder vaccinees. |
| 3829 | 12607723 | CFSE-labeled PBMC were stimulated with a superantigen (SEB), a recall antigen (tetanus toxoid), an allergen (grass pollen) and an autoantigen (nucleosomes) and stained after cultivation with CD4-, CD8- and CD19-antibodies. |
| 3830 | 12607723 | Analyzing the cytokine secretion pattern of allergen-reactive proliferated Th cells after polyclonal restimulation we found differences in the expression of IL-13 and IL-4 between an atopic and a healthy donor. |
| 3831 | 12607723 | After stimulation of PBMC from TT-vaccinated donors TT-specific proliferated B cells were detected in high frequencies and showed a plasmablast-typical CD20(low) CD27(high) phenotype with only low frequencies expressing CD138 (= Syndecan-1). |
| 3832 | 12610137 | After intranasal coadministration with VLPs, RANTES or CpG ODN also induced increased levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing lymphocyte and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activities in both spleen and lymph nodes but did not increase the levels of interleukin-4-producing lymphocytes. |
| 3833 | 12611171 | Priority data on the induction, by using a Russian live cold-adapted reassortant influenza vaccine (LIV), of the cellular and humoral immunity with regard for attenuation and genetic reassortment of vaccine stains as well as with regard for the age of vaccinated persons and the production of Th1 (IFNY, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokine markers in vitro are presented. |
| 3834 | 12611171 | LIV was found to stimulate well enough the production of IFN and IL-2 in both young and old persons. |
| 3835 | 12615427 | This immunization resulted in a Th1-type response with predominance of IgG2a and a specific T-cell proliferation with high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion, whereas no IL-4 was detected. |
| 3836 | 12615451 | Monkeys immunized with HPV16L1 VLPs mounted a potent humoral response with strongly neutralizing antibodies and a strong L1-specific Th2 response as measured by IL-4 production by CD4+ T cells. |
| 3837 | 12615451 | Monkeys immunized with plasmid DNA or an adenoviral vector expressing HPV16L1 showed strong Th1/Tc1 responses as measured by IFN-gamma production by CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells and potent humoral responses, but only weakly neutralizing antibodies. |
| 3838 | 12616109 | Phase I trial of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 as a combined immunotherapy for patients with cancer. |
| 3839 | 12616109 | The authors hypothesized that systemic administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin (IL)-4 might lead to the differentiation of DC from their precursors and enhance their number and function in vivo, as it does in vitro. |
| 3840 | 12616109 | Subjects with advanced malignancies were treated in this phase I, multiple cohort, dose-escalation trial combining GM-CSF (2.5 microgram/kg/d) plus IL-4 (0-6.0 microgram/kg/d). |
| 3841 | 12616109 | The MTD was determined to be GM-CSF 2.5 microgram/kg/d plus IL-4 6.0 microgram/kg/d (cohort E). |
| 3842 | 12616109 | Treatment in cohort D (GM-CSF 2.5 microgram/kg/d plus IL-4 4.0 microgram/kg/d) was well tolerated and resulted in a BAD. |
| 3843 | 12616109 | Systemic GM-CSF plus IL-4 provides a mechanism for increasing the number and function of APC in cancer patients. |
| 3844 | 12616109 | Phase I trial of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 as a combined immunotherapy for patients with cancer. |
| 3845 | 12616109 | The authors hypothesized that systemic administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin (IL)-4 might lead to the differentiation of DC from their precursors and enhance their number and function in vivo, as it does in vitro. |
| 3846 | 12616109 | Subjects with advanced malignancies were treated in this phase I, multiple cohort, dose-escalation trial combining GM-CSF (2.5 microgram/kg/d) plus IL-4 (0-6.0 microgram/kg/d). |
| 3847 | 12616109 | The MTD was determined to be GM-CSF 2.5 microgram/kg/d plus IL-4 6.0 microgram/kg/d (cohort E). |
| 3848 | 12616109 | Treatment in cohort D (GM-CSF 2.5 microgram/kg/d plus IL-4 4.0 microgram/kg/d) was well tolerated and resulted in a BAD. |
| 3849 | 12616109 | Systemic GM-CSF plus IL-4 provides a mechanism for increasing the number and function of APC in cancer patients. |
| 3850 | 12616109 | Phase I trial of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 as a combined immunotherapy for patients with cancer. |
| 3851 | 12616109 | The authors hypothesized that systemic administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin (IL)-4 might lead to the differentiation of DC from their precursors and enhance their number and function in vivo, as it does in vitro. |
| 3852 | 12616109 | Subjects with advanced malignancies were treated in this phase I, multiple cohort, dose-escalation trial combining GM-CSF (2.5 microgram/kg/d) plus IL-4 (0-6.0 microgram/kg/d). |
| 3853 | 12616109 | The MTD was determined to be GM-CSF 2.5 microgram/kg/d plus IL-4 6.0 microgram/kg/d (cohort E). |
| 3854 | 12616109 | Treatment in cohort D (GM-CSF 2.5 microgram/kg/d plus IL-4 4.0 microgram/kg/d) was well tolerated and resulted in a BAD. |
| 3855 | 12616109 | Systemic GM-CSF plus IL-4 provides a mechanism for increasing the number and function of APC in cancer patients. |
| 3856 | 12616109 | Phase I trial of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 as a combined immunotherapy for patients with cancer. |
| 3857 | 12616109 | The authors hypothesized that systemic administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin (IL)-4 might lead to the differentiation of DC from their precursors and enhance their number and function in vivo, as it does in vitro. |
| 3858 | 12616109 | Subjects with advanced malignancies were treated in this phase I, multiple cohort, dose-escalation trial combining GM-CSF (2.5 microgram/kg/d) plus IL-4 (0-6.0 microgram/kg/d). |
| 3859 | 12616109 | The MTD was determined to be GM-CSF 2.5 microgram/kg/d plus IL-4 6.0 microgram/kg/d (cohort E). |
| 3860 | 12616109 | Treatment in cohort D (GM-CSF 2.5 microgram/kg/d plus IL-4 4.0 microgram/kg/d) was well tolerated and resulted in a BAD. |
| 3861 | 12616109 | Systemic GM-CSF plus IL-4 provides a mechanism for increasing the number and function of APC in cancer patients. |
| 3862 | 12616109 | Phase I trial of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 as a combined immunotherapy for patients with cancer. |
| 3863 | 12616109 | The authors hypothesized that systemic administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin (IL)-4 might lead to the differentiation of DC from their precursors and enhance their number and function in vivo, as it does in vitro. |
| 3864 | 12616109 | Subjects with advanced malignancies were treated in this phase I, multiple cohort, dose-escalation trial combining GM-CSF (2.5 microgram/kg/d) plus IL-4 (0-6.0 microgram/kg/d). |
| 3865 | 12616109 | The MTD was determined to be GM-CSF 2.5 microgram/kg/d plus IL-4 6.0 microgram/kg/d (cohort E). |
| 3866 | 12616109 | Treatment in cohort D (GM-CSF 2.5 microgram/kg/d plus IL-4 4.0 microgram/kg/d) was well tolerated and resulted in a BAD. |
| 3867 | 12616109 | Systemic GM-CSF plus IL-4 provides a mechanism for increasing the number and function of APC in cancer patients. |
| 3868 | 12616109 | Phase I trial of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 as a combined immunotherapy for patients with cancer. |
| 3869 | 12616109 | The authors hypothesized that systemic administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin (IL)-4 might lead to the differentiation of DC from their precursors and enhance their number and function in vivo, as it does in vitro. |
| 3870 | 12616109 | Subjects with advanced malignancies were treated in this phase I, multiple cohort, dose-escalation trial combining GM-CSF (2.5 microgram/kg/d) plus IL-4 (0-6.0 microgram/kg/d). |
| 3871 | 12616109 | The MTD was determined to be GM-CSF 2.5 microgram/kg/d plus IL-4 6.0 microgram/kg/d (cohort E). |
| 3872 | 12616109 | Treatment in cohort D (GM-CSF 2.5 microgram/kg/d plus IL-4 4.0 microgram/kg/d) was well tolerated and resulted in a BAD. |
| 3873 | 12616109 | Systemic GM-CSF plus IL-4 provides a mechanism for increasing the number and function of APC in cancer patients. |
| 3874 | 12618487 | In a previous study we showed that immunization with dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with idiotype (Id) fused with CD40 ligand (CD40L) could break the tolerance to Id which is expressed on B lymphoma cells and restored the responsiveness of T(h) cells, and, subsequently, induced IgG antibody response. |
| 3875 | 12618487 | On examining the mechanism for this isotype change, we found that IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) T cells is not the only determining factor for achieving a successful therapy. |
| 3876 | 12618487 | The deciding factor appears to be the abrogation of IL-4 production that was achieved by combing with IL-12 gene therapy. |
| 3877 | 12626574 | In vivo depletion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes could completely abrogate the antitumor activity, whereas the depletion of CD8(+) cells showed partial abrogation. |
| 3878 | 12626574 | The adoptive transfer of CD4-depleted (CD8(+)) or CD8-depleted (CD4(+)) T lymphocytes isolated from mice immunized with hEe-p vaccine showed the antitumor activity. |
| 3879 | 12626574 | In addition, the increase in level of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 was found. |
| 3880 | 12639485 | All groups demonstrated a heavy bias toward a Th1 immune response, as evidenced by high serum IgG2a/IgG1 ratios and the predominance of IFN-gamma over IL-4 secretion from cultured splenocytes. |
| 3881 | 12639819 | OM-197 upregulated the expression of HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, CD83, CD40 and CD54 at the surface of myeloid DC naturally present in blood as well as of DC generated in vitro from monocytes using IL-4 and GM-CSF. |
| 3882 | 12639819 | OM-197 also induced the release of IL-12 and TNF-alpha from DC. |
| 3883 | 12639819 | Finally, DC incubated with OM-197 after pulsing with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) induced in vitro expansion of IFN-gamma-secreting HBs Ag-specific CD4(+) T lymphocytes from naive individuals. |
| 3884 | 12641655 | Peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated into immature DCs with interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and pulsed with an immunogenic tetanus toxoid peptide. |
| 3885 | 12641655 | However, stimulation with antigen-pulsed DCs overexpressing IotakappaBetaalpha, the endogenous inhibitor of NF-kappaB, led to a significant reduction in T-cell proliferation, and decreased production of interferon-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10, whereas transforming growth factor-beta production was low throughout. |
| 3886 | 12641655 | Peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated into immature DCs with interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and pulsed with an immunogenic tetanus toxoid peptide. |
| 3887 | 12641655 | However, stimulation with antigen-pulsed DCs overexpressing IotakappaBetaalpha, the endogenous inhibitor of NF-kappaB, led to a significant reduction in T-cell proliferation, and decreased production of interferon-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10, whereas transforming growth factor-beta production was low throughout. |
| 3888 | 12654796 | Neonatal mice immunized with a single dose of vaccine in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) generated antigen-specific gamma interferon-, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4-, and IL-5-secreting T cells in numbers similar to those in immunized adult mice, while vaccine administered to neonates in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) induced such cells in reduced numbers compared to those in adult mice. |
| 3889 | 12654810 | The Apa protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis stimulates gamma interferon-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from purified protein derivative-positive individuals and affords protection in a guinea pig model. |
| 3890 | 12654810 | While traditionally the CD4(+) populations of T cells were believed to predominantly serve this protective function, a pivotal role for CD8(+) T cells in this task has been increasingly appreciated. |
| 3891 | 12654810 | We show that the 50- to 55-kDa Apa protein, specified by the Rv1860 gene of M. tuberculosis, can elicit both lymphoproliferative response and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive individuals, with significant differences recorded in the levels of responsiveness between PPD-positive healthy controls and pulmonary tuberculosis patients. |
| 3892 | 12654810 | Flow cytometric analysis of whole blood stimulated with the recombinant Apa protein revealed a sizeable proportion of CD8(+) T cells in addition to CD4(+) T cells contributing to IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 3893 | 12654810 | PBMC responding to the Apa protein produced no interleukin-4, revealing a Th1 phenotype. |
| 3894 | 12667676 | Immunohistological studies of liver sections revealed that, irrespective of the delivered peptide, cells infiltrating the liver towards microbeads were mainly CD3(+) T lymphocytes, both CD4(+) (70 to 80%) and CD8(+) (20 to 30%) subtypes, macrophages and dendritic cells. |
| 3895 | 12667676 | Cells infiltrating the granuloma had features of activated cells, with evidence of VLA-4 cell-surface expression, and production of IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 3896 | 12669245 | In vitro culture of immature DC generated from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) with OK432 at various doses (0.01 to 0.1 KE/ml) for 2 days resulted in increased cell surface expression of CD80, CD83, CD86 and ICAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 3897 | 12669245 | Assay of cytokine production in OK-DC after 2 days in culture revealed that OK432 was a strong inducer of IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 3898 | 12672905 | We showed that BCG could promote cord blood monocyte-derived DC maturation by up-regulation of CD80, CD83, CD86, CD40, and MHC class II molecules and down-regulation of mannose receptor. |
| 3899 | 12672905 | BCG was able to induce similar levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-10 but no bioactive IL-12p70 production from cord blood DCs as from adult blood DCs. |
| 3900 | 12672905 | Both non-BCG-treated and BCG-treated cord blood DCs efficiently induced a high level of IL-10, medium level of interferon-gamma, but little IL-4 production by cord blood naïve CD4+ T cells. |
| 3901 | 12672905 | Heat shock protein 65, a key component of BCG, had no effect on cord blood DC maturation in terms of CD86, MHC class II, and mannose receptor up-regulation. |
| 3902 | 12682236 | It is widely believed that generation of mature dendritic cells (DCs) with full T cell stimulatory capacity from human monocytes in vitro requires 5-7 days of differentiation with GM-CSF and IL-4, followed by 2-3 days of activation. |
| 3903 | 12682236 | Monocytes acquire immature DC characteristics by day 2 of culture with GM-CSF and IL-4; they down-regulate CD14, increase dextran uptake, and respond to the inflammatory chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. |
| 3904 | 12682236 | To accelerate DC development and maturation, monocytes were incubated for 24 h with GM-CSF and IL-4, followed by activation with proinflammatory mediators for another 24 h (FastDC). |
| 3905 | 12682236 | FastDC expressed mature DC surface markers as well as chemokine receptor 7 and secreted IL-12 (p70) upon CD40 ligation in the presence of IFN-gamma. |
| 3906 | 12682236 | The increase in intracellular calcium in response to 6Ckine showed that chemokine receptor 7 expression was functional. |
| 3907 | 12682236 | It is widely believed that generation of mature dendritic cells (DCs) with full T cell stimulatory capacity from human monocytes in vitro requires 5-7 days of differentiation with GM-CSF and IL-4, followed by 2-3 days of activation. |
| 3908 | 12682236 | Monocytes acquire immature DC characteristics by day 2 of culture with GM-CSF and IL-4; they down-regulate CD14, increase dextran uptake, and respond to the inflammatory chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. |
| 3909 | 12682236 | To accelerate DC development and maturation, monocytes were incubated for 24 h with GM-CSF and IL-4, followed by activation with proinflammatory mediators for another 24 h (FastDC). |
| 3910 | 12682236 | FastDC expressed mature DC surface markers as well as chemokine receptor 7 and secreted IL-12 (p70) upon CD40 ligation in the presence of IFN-gamma. |
| 3911 | 12682236 | The increase in intracellular calcium in response to 6Ckine showed that chemokine receptor 7 expression was functional. |
| 3912 | 12682236 | It is widely believed that generation of mature dendritic cells (DCs) with full T cell stimulatory capacity from human monocytes in vitro requires 5-7 days of differentiation with GM-CSF and IL-4, followed by 2-3 days of activation. |
| 3913 | 12682236 | Monocytes acquire immature DC characteristics by day 2 of culture with GM-CSF and IL-4; they down-regulate CD14, increase dextran uptake, and respond to the inflammatory chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. |
| 3914 | 12682236 | To accelerate DC development and maturation, monocytes were incubated for 24 h with GM-CSF and IL-4, followed by activation with proinflammatory mediators for another 24 h (FastDC). |
| 3915 | 12682236 | FastDC expressed mature DC surface markers as well as chemokine receptor 7 and secreted IL-12 (p70) upon CD40 ligation in the presence of IFN-gamma. |
| 3916 | 12682236 | The increase in intracellular calcium in response to 6Ckine showed that chemokine receptor 7 expression was functional. |
| 3917 | 12696126 | When spleen cells from mice immunized once with the vaccine and cholera toxin or its B subunit were restimulated with the live vaccine in vitro, there was greater thymidine uptake and production of interleukin- 2 (IL-2) than controls, but only a low level of IL-4 production. |
| 3918 | 12697387 | For in vitro cytokine release, immunization with pDNA-coated nanoparticles by jet injection enhanced IFN-gamma and IL-4 release over pDNA alone by 6- and 5-fold, respectively. |
| 3919 | 12697387 | SC injection of pDNA-coated nanoparticles also resulted in enhanced IFN-gamma and IL-4 release over pDNA alone although with less magnitude. |
| 3920 | 12697387 | For in vitro cytokine release, immunization with pDNA-coated nanoparticles by jet injection enhanced IFN-gamma and IL-4 release over pDNA alone by 6- and 5-fold, respectively. |
| 3921 | 12697387 | SC injection of pDNA-coated nanoparticles also resulted in enhanced IFN-gamma and IL-4 release over pDNA alone although with less magnitude. |
| 3922 | 12704171 | Furthermore, cysteine proteinases induced neither interleukin 4 (IL-4) nor IL-13 and low levels of IL-10 in controls and patients. |
| 3923 | 12719481 | Within hours, a sequence of events was initiated in SpA-binding splenic B cells, with rapid down-regulation of BCRs and coreceptors, CD19 and CD21, the induction of an activation phenotype, and limited rounds of proliferation. |
| 3924 | 12719481 | Although in vivo apoptosis did not require the Fas death receptor, B cells were protected by interleukin (IL)-4 or CD40L, or overexpression of Bcl-2. |
| 3925 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 3926 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 3927 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 3928 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 3929 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 3930 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 3931 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 3932 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 3933 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 3934 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 3935 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 3936 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 3937 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 3938 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 3939 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 3940 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 3941 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 3942 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 3943 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 3944 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 3945 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 3946 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 3947 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 3948 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 3949 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 3950 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 3951 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 3952 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 3953 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 3954 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 3955 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 3956 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 3957 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 3958 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 3959 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 3960 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 3961 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 3962 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 3963 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 3964 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 3965 | 12719570 | The adjuvant effects of cytokines in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) have been examined in mice using HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 3966 | 12719570 | Groups of naive BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with one or three doses of the HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma or with parental control virus. |
| 3967 | 12719570 | Immunization with the recombinant virus expressing IL-4 elicited a humoral response of greater magnitude than immunization with the recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma or with parental virus. |
| 3968 | 12719570 | In contrast, immunization with recombinant virus expressing IL-2 elicited a higher cytotoxic T-cell response than immunization with viruses expressing IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 3969 | 12719570 | As observed for the parental virus, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contributed equally to the production of IL-2 by the splenocytes of mice immunized with any of the three recombinant viruses. |
| 3970 | 12719570 | However, the pattern of IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells differed according to the recombinant virus used. |
| 3971 | 12719570 | Mice immunized with IL-4-expressing virus cleared the virus from their eyes more rapidly than mice immunized with IL-2- or IFN-gamma-expressing virus. |
| 3972 | 12719570 | Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to IFN-gamma which did not exhibit an adjuvant effect, both IL-4 and IL-2 act as adjuvants in immunization with HSV, with IL-4 showing greater efficacy. |
| 3973 | 12731460 | This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: AAV-CF, adalimumab, ademetionine, afeletecan hydrochloride, agomelatine, alemtuzumab, almotriptan, amdoxovir, aplidine, aranose, arsenic sulfide, atazanavir, atlizumab; Bimatoprost, BMS-181176, BMS-188667, bortezomib, bryostatin 1; Combretastatin A-4 phosphate; Darbepoetin alfa, darusentan, deferasirox, desloratadine, DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib-vaccine, DTI-0009; Eculizumab, edodekin alfa, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, epoetin, esomeprazole magnesium etoricoxib; Fampridine, fenretinide, FR-146687; Galiximab, gamma-Hydroxybutyrate sodium, ganirelix acetate, gefitinib, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, gimatecan; HEA125xOKT3, hIL-13-PE38QQR, HSV-2 theracine, Hu14.18-IL-2, human gammaglobulin; Idraparinux sodium, imatinib mesylate, IMiD3, insulin detemir, interleukin-4, irofulven, ISAtx-247; JT-1001; Levetiracetam, levosimendan, liposomal doxorubicin, liposomal vincristine sulfate, lixivaptan, lopinavir, lumiracoxib; Maxacalcitol, melatonin, midostaurin, MLN-518; Neridronic acid, nesiritide, nitronaproxen; Oblimersen sodium, oregovomab; PEG-filgrastim polyglutamate paclitaxel, prasterone, pregabalin; Rosuvastatin calcium, rotigotine hydrochloride; SGN-30; T-1249, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, teriparatide, tiotropium bromide, tipranavir, TMC-114, trabectedin, transdermal selegiline; UK-427857; Valdecoxib, valganciclovir hydrochloride, vardenafil, vatalanib succinate, vincristine sulfate TCS; Zofenopril calcium. |
| 3974 | 12733143 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined. |
| 3975 | 12733143 | In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10. |
| 3976 | 12733143 | This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8. |
| 3977 | 12733143 | Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases. |
| 3978 | 12733143 | Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage. |
| 3979 | 12733143 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined. |
| 3980 | 12733143 | In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10. |
| 3981 | 12733143 | This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8. |
| 3982 | 12733143 | Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases. |
| 3983 | 12733143 | Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage. |
| 3984 | 12733143 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined. |
| 3985 | 12733143 | In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10. |
| 3986 | 12733143 | This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8. |
| 3987 | 12733143 | Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases. |
| 3988 | 12733143 | Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage. |
| 3989 | 12738640 | Frequency of measles virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in subjects seronegative or highly seropositive for measles vaccine. |
| 3990 | 12738640 | Little is known about cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to measles vaccine virus, the relative contribution of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to variability in such immune responses, and the immunologic longevity of the CMI after measles vaccination in humans. |
| 3991 | 12738640 | Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion predominated over interleukin 4 (IL-4) secretion in response to measles virus in both groups. |
| 3992 | 12738640 | The median frequency of measles virus-reactive CD8(+) T cells secreting IFN-gamma was 0.09% in seronegative subjects and 0.43% in highly seropositive subjects (P = 0.04). |
| 3993 | 12738640 | The median frequency of CD4(+) T cells secreting IL-4 in response to measles virus was 0.03% in seronegative subjects and 0.09% in highly seropositive subjects (P = 0.005). |
| 3994 | 12738640 | The detection of measles virus-induced IFN-gamma and IL-4 production by ELISPOT can be used to identify measles virus-specific low-frequency memory T cells in subjects immunized with measles vaccine. |
| 3995 | 12738640 | Frequency of measles virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in subjects seronegative or highly seropositive for measles vaccine. |
| 3996 | 12738640 | Little is known about cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to measles vaccine virus, the relative contribution of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to variability in such immune responses, and the immunologic longevity of the CMI after measles vaccination in humans. |
| 3997 | 12738640 | Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion predominated over interleukin 4 (IL-4) secretion in response to measles virus in both groups. |
| 3998 | 12738640 | The median frequency of measles virus-reactive CD8(+) T cells secreting IFN-gamma was 0.09% in seronegative subjects and 0.43% in highly seropositive subjects (P = 0.04). |
| 3999 | 12738640 | The median frequency of CD4(+) T cells secreting IL-4 in response to measles virus was 0.03% in seronegative subjects and 0.09% in highly seropositive subjects (P = 0.005). |
| 4000 | 12738640 | The detection of measles virus-induced IFN-gamma and IL-4 production by ELISPOT can be used to identify measles virus-specific low-frequency memory T cells in subjects immunized with measles vaccine. |
| 4001 | 12738640 | Frequency of measles virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in subjects seronegative or highly seropositive for measles vaccine. |
| 4002 | 12738640 | Little is known about cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to measles vaccine virus, the relative contribution of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to variability in such immune responses, and the immunologic longevity of the CMI after measles vaccination in humans. |
| 4003 | 12738640 | Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion predominated over interleukin 4 (IL-4) secretion in response to measles virus in both groups. |
| 4004 | 12738640 | The median frequency of measles virus-reactive CD8(+) T cells secreting IFN-gamma was 0.09% in seronegative subjects and 0.43% in highly seropositive subjects (P = 0.04). |
| 4005 | 12738640 | The median frequency of CD4(+) T cells secreting IL-4 in response to measles virus was 0.03% in seronegative subjects and 0.09% in highly seropositive subjects (P = 0.005). |
| 4006 | 12738640 | The detection of measles virus-induced IFN-gamma and IL-4 production by ELISPOT can be used to identify measles virus-specific low-frequency memory T cells in subjects immunized with measles vaccine. |
| 4007 | 12744869 | Antigen entrapped in the escheriosomes leads to the generation of CD4(+) helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell response. |
| 4008 | 12744869 | Our present study demonstrates that antigen encapsulated in escheriosomes could be successfully delivered simultaneously to the cytosolic as well as endosomal processing pathways of antigen presenting cells, leading to the generation of both CD4(+) T-helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell response. |
| 4009 | 12744869 | In contrast, encapsulation of same antigen in egg phosphatidyl-choline (egg PC) liposomes, just like antigen-incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) complex, has inefficient access to the cytosolic pathway of MHC I-dependent antigen presentation and failed to generate antigen-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell response. |
| 4010 | 12744869 | Furthermore, antigen entrapped in escheriosomes stimulates antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation and also enhances the level of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the immunized animals. |
| 4011 | 12744881 | The interleukin 4 (IL-4), interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and IL-12 (p40 subunit) cytokine mRNA expression profiles in PBMC as well as lymphocyte proliferative response and the IgG2/IgG1 ratios specific for LACK suggest that in vaccinated animals there is triggering of cellular immune responses. |
| 4012 | 12744885 | Splenocytes from E7 gene vaccinated animals responded to re-stimulation in vitro with C3R cells by producing IL-4 but background levels of IFN-gamma. |
| 4013 | 12750275 | LAG-3 enables DNA vaccination to persistently prevent mammary carcinogenesis in HER-2/neu transgenic BALB/c mice. |
| 4014 | 12750275 | A stronger and enduring r-p185(neu)-specific cytotoxicity, a sustained release of IFN-gamma and interleukin 4, and a marked expansion of both CD8(+)/CD11b(+)/CD28(+) effector and CD8(+)/CD11b(+)/CD28(-) memory effector T-cell populations were induced in immunized mice. |
| 4015 | 12759444 | The PA-specific CD4(+) T cells from mice nasally immunized with rPA and CT as adjuvant secreted low levels of CD4(+) Th1-type cytokines in vitro, but exhibited elevated IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 responses. |
| 4016 | 12761151 | Thus, IL-4 and IL-5 are not essential for protection. |
| 4017 | 12763481 | TCC were then characterized for their ability to produce cytokines known to be important for T cell expansion (interleukin-2, IL-2) and/or effector functions (IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-10). |
| 4018 | 12771426 | Lymphocytes obtained from the spleens of immunized and control mice were stimulated in vitro with JEV for 48 h and the supernatants were assayed for the presence of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-gamma. |
| 4019 | 12778487 | Polarized Th1 cells (inducers) raised the frequency of IFN-gamma(+) cells within a naive (target) population, whereas Th2 inducers raised the frequency of IL-4(+) and reduced that of IL-2(+) cells. |
| 4020 | 12782590 | Immune-splenic lymphocytes when stimulated in vitro with 3H1 or CEA, showed increased proliferative CD4(+) Th1 type T-cell response and secreted significantly high levels of Th1 cytokines [IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2] and low levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). |
| 4021 | 12782590 | This vaccine also induced MHC class I antigen-restricted CD8(+) T-cell responses. |
| 4022 | 12782590 | The up-regulation of activation markers CD69 and CD25 on CD8(+) CTLs correlated with antigen-specific strong CTL responses in vitro. |
| 4023 | 12791648 | We found that both human and murine DCs pulsed with live fungi or transfected with fungal RNA underwent functional maturation, as revealed by the up-regulated expression of histocompatibility class II antigen and costimulatory molecules and the production of interleukin 12 (IL-12) in response to conidia or conidial RNA and of IL-4/IL-10 in response to hyphae or hyphal RNA. |
| 4024 | 12794148 | Both lymphotoxin-alpha and TNF are crucial for control of Toxoplasma gondii in the central nervous system. |
| 4025 | 12794148 | Immunity to Toxoplasma gondii critically depends on TNFR type I-mediated immune reactions, but the precise role of the individual ligands of TNFR1, TNF and lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha), is still unknown. |
| 4026 | 12794148 | Upon oral infection with T. gondii, TNF(-/-), LTalpha(-/-), and TNF/LTalpha(-/-) mice failed to control intracerebral T. gondii and succumbed to an acute necrotizing Toxoplasma encephalitis, whereas wild-type (WT) mice survived. |
| 4027 | 12794148 | Additionally, peritoneal macrophages produced reduced levels of NO upon infection with T. gondii and had significantly reduced toxoplasmastatic activity in TNF(-/-), LTalpha(-/-), and TNF/LTalpha(-/-) mice as compared with WT animals. |
| 4028 | 12794148 | Frequencies of parasite-specific IFN-gamma-producing T cells, intracerebral and splenic IFN-gamma production, and T. gondii-specific IgM and IgG titers in LTalpha(-/-) and TNF/LTalpha(-/-) mice were reduced only early after infection. |
| 4029 | 12794148 | In contrast, intracerebral IL-10 and IL-12p40 mRNA expression and splenic IL-2, IL-4, and IL-12 production were identical in all genotypes. |
| 4030 | 12794148 | In addition, TNF(-/-), LTalpha(-/-), and TNF/LTalpha(-/-), but not WT, mice succumbed to infection with the highly attenuated ts-4 strain of T. gondii or to a subsequent challenge infection with virulent RH toxoplasms, although they had identical frequencies of IFN-gamma-producing T cells as compared with WT mice. |
| 4031 | 12794148 | Generation and infection of bone marrow reconstitution chimeras demonstrated an exclusive role of hematogeneously produced TNF and LTalpha for survival of toxoplasmosis. |
| 4032 | 12794148 | These findings demonstrate the crucial role of both LTalpha and TNF for control of intracerebral toxoplasms. |
| 4033 | 12798635 | In all species so far studied, IgG isotype expression is controlled by Type 1 (IFN-gamma, IL-12) and Type 2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines which dictate immune response polarization to cell-mediated (CMI) or antibody-mediated immunity (AMI), respectively. |
| 4034 | 12798635 | Immunoglobulin isotype production by porcine B-cells cultured in the presence of recombinant porcine (rp) cytokines varies by individual, however pigs tend to generate a high IgG(1):IgG(2) ratio in response to rp IL-10 and the inverse in response to rp IFN-gamma or rp IL-12. |
| 4035 | 12810878 | This study shows that inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (Orf virus), strain D1701 (PPVO), induces an autoregulatory cytokine response that involves the upregulation of IL-12, IL-18, IFN-gamma and other T helper 1-type cytokines and their subsequent downregulation, which is accompanied by induction of IL-4. |
| 4036 | 12810878 | PPVO induces IL-12, TNF-alpha and, together with a suboptimal concentration of Concanavalin A, IFN-gamma in human peripheral blood leukocytes as well. |
| 4037 | 12814694 | Kinetics of the production of serum antibody levels and Th1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines was studied in five pigs vaccinated with a synthetic tri-peptide vaccine (S3Pvac) against Taenia solium, a vaccine that has been shown protects pigs against naturally acquired infection. |
| 4038 | 12814694 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of vaccinated pigs showed a significant increment in the production of Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) after specific PBLs stimulation with all the individual peptides. |
| 4039 | 12814694 | Kinetics of the production of serum antibody levels and Th1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines was studied in five pigs vaccinated with a synthetic tri-peptide vaccine (S3Pvac) against Taenia solium, a vaccine that has been shown protects pigs against naturally acquired infection. |
| 4040 | 12814694 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of vaccinated pigs showed a significant increment in the production of Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) after specific PBLs stimulation with all the individual peptides. |
| 4041 | 12817004 | Expansion of clonal populations of Ag (OVA and pigeon cytochrome c-specific) CD4(+) T cells was limited at higher precursor frequencies, presumably reflecting intraclonal competition. |
| 4042 | 12817004 | In contrast, a strong enhancement of the number of cells expressing IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-2 was observed in populations of cells at low precursor frequency in the presence of a high frequency of activated cells of a different Ag specificity. |
| 4043 | 12817032 | NOD recipient mice immunized with pDNA encoding a glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65)-IgFc fusion protein (JwGAD65), IL-4 (JwIL4), and IL-10 (pIL10) exhibited an increased number of intact pro-islets expressing high levels of insulin 15 wk posttransplant, relative to NOD recipient mice immunized with pDNA encoding a hen egg lysozyme (HEL)-IgFc fusion protein (JwHEL)+JwIL4 and pIL10 or left untreated. |
| 4044 | 12817032 | Efficient protection of pro-islet grafts correlated with a marked reduction in GAD65-specific IFN-gamma reactivity and an increase in IL-10-secreting T cells. |
| 4045 | 12819068 | Induction of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni via DNA priming and boosting with the large subunit of calpain (Sm-p80): adjuvant effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 4046 | 12819068 | In the present study, we have employed DNA immunization protocols using Sm-p80 with plasmids encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 4047 | 12819068 | Statistically, the protection conferred by including GM-CSF, but not IL-4, was significantly greater than that when only Sm-p80 was used. |
| 4048 | 12819068 | The introduction of GM-CSF DNA with Sm-p80 DNA led to distinct increases in total IgG and IgG1 titers, whereas the coadministration of IL-4 DNA with Sm-p80 DNA resulted in a slight elevation of IgG1 and IgG3 titers and in some reduction of IgG2A and IgG2B titers. |
| 4049 | 12819068 | Induction of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni via DNA priming and boosting with the large subunit of calpain (Sm-p80): adjuvant effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 4050 | 12819068 | In the present study, we have employed DNA immunization protocols using Sm-p80 with plasmids encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 4051 | 12819068 | Statistically, the protection conferred by including GM-CSF, but not IL-4, was significantly greater than that when only Sm-p80 was used. |
| 4052 | 12819068 | The introduction of GM-CSF DNA with Sm-p80 DNA led to distinct increases in total IgG and IgG1 titers, whereas the coadministration of IL-4 DNA with Sm-p80 DNA resulted in a slight elevation of IgG1 and IgG3 titers and in some reduction of IgG2A and IgG2B titers. |
| 4053 | 12819068 | Induction of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni via DNA priming and boosting with the large subunit of calpain (Sm-p80): adjuvant effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 4054 | 12819068 | In the present study, we have employed DNA immunization protocols using Sm-p80 with plasmids encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 4055 | 12819068 | Statistically, the protection conferred by including GM-CSF, but not IL-4, was significantly greater than that when only Sm-p80 was used. |
| 4056 | 12819068 | The introduction of GM-CSF DNA with Sm-p80 DNA led to distinct increases in total IgG and IgG1 titers, whereas the coadministration of IL-4 DNA with Sm-p80 DNA resulted in a slight elevation of IgG1 and IgG3 titers and in some reduction of IgG2A and IgG2B titers. |
| 4057 | 12819068 | Induction of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni via DNA priming and boosting with the large subunit of calpain (Sm-p80): adjuvant effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 4058 | 12819068 | In the present study, we have employed DNA immunization protocols using Sm-p80 with plasmids encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 4059 | 12819068 | Statistically, the protection conferred by including GM-CSF, but not IL-4, was significantly greater than that when only Sm-p80 was used. |
| 4060 | 12819068 | The introduction of GM-CSF DNA with Sm-p80 DNA led to distinct increases in total IgG and IgG1 titers, whereas the coadministration of IL-4 DNA with Sm-p80 DNA resulted in a slight elevation of IgG1 and IgG3 titers and in some reduction of IgG2A and IgG2B titers. |
| 4061 | 12834622 | Costimulatory function of umbilical cord blood CD14+ and CD34+ derived dendritic cells. |
| 4062 | 12834622 | Dendritic cells (DCs) consist of a heterogeneous population of hematopoietic cells characterized by their unique dendritic morphology, their efficient antigen-presenting capability to activate naive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and their lack of lineage specific markers. |
| 4063 | 12834622 | CD14(+) monocytes and CD34(+) stem cells were isolated from human umbilical cord blood and were induced to differentiate into dendritic cells using 100 ng/mL granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 25 ng/mL IL-4, 2.5 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), 100 ng/mL GM-CSF, 25 ng/mL stem cell factor, and 2.5 ng/mL TNF-alpha, respectively. |
| 4064 | 12834622 | Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the 14-day-old dendritic cells were CD80(+), CD86(+), CD83(+), CD54(+), CD1a(+), CD11b(+), CD11c(+), HLA-DR(+), CD34(-), CD3(-), CD19(-), CD14(-), and CD16(-). |
| 4065 | 12834622 | Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect expression of mRNA for CD80 and CD86. |
| 4066 | 12834622 | Differentiating monocytes initially expressed CD86 while CD80 appeared on day 2. |
| 4067 | 12834622 | Differentiating stem cells expressed CD80 and CD86 on day 2 of culture. |
| 4068 | 12834622 | The surface expression of CD80 and CD86 was studied over the course of differentiation. |
| 4069 | 12834622 | Prior to the functional assay, CD14(+) and CD34(+) derived DCs were stimulated for 18 h with 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL E. coli lipopolyssacharide, respectively. |
| 4070 | 12834622 | Monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to CD80 and CD86 were employed to assess their costimulatory roles. |
| 4071 | 12834622 | A decrease of stimulation as depicted by decreased T cell activation was significant with mabs to both CD80 and CD86 on monocyte-derived DCs while only mabs to CD86 induced decreased T cell activation by stem cell-derived DCs. |
| 4072 | 12834622 | The varied functional role of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules is associated with DC differentiation from distinct cord blood isolated hematopoietic lineages. |
| 4073 | 12842611 | In a subset of ponies, lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBLs), nasopharyngeal mucosal tissue, or lymph nodes (LNLs) were collected for measurement of influenza virus-specific lymphoproliferative responses, local antibody production and IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA production by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). |
| 4074 | 12847225 | IL-21 activates both innate and adaptive immunity to generate potent antitumor responses that require perforin but are independent of IFN-gamma. |
| 4075 | 12847225 | We show that IL-21 activates NK and CD8(+) T cells in vivo, thus mediating complete rejection of poorly immunogenic tumors. |
| 4076 | 12847225 | Rejection of IL-21-secreting tumors requires the presence of cognate IL-21R and does not depend on CD4(+) T cell help. |
| 4077 | 12847225 | Interestingly, perforin, but not IFN-gamma or other major Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IL-12, IL-4, or IL-10), is required for the IL-21-mediated antitumor response. |
| 4078 | 12847242 | Treatment of OVA-sensitized Nramp1(s) mice with M. vaccae suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness, airway eosinophilia, Ag-specific IgE, and IL-4 and IL-5 production after OVA aerosol challenge. |
| 4079 | 12850480 | Pre-clinical evaluation of this approach in murine models has demonstrated efficient anti-leukemic responses with the expression of immunomodulators, in particular GM-CSF and CD80, in irradiated cell vaccines. |
| 4080 | 12850480 | We have previously shown efficient insertion of GM-CSF and CD80 genes into primary human leukemia cells with the use of second and third generation self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vectors (Blood 96 (2000), 1317; Leukemia 16 (2002), 1645). |
| 4081 | 12850480 | In this work, we evaluated the insertion of the central polypurine tract and the central termination sequence into a SIN lentiviral vector encoding for GM-CSF and CD80, which significantly enhanced the transduction efficiency of primary leukemia cells and provided higher levels of GM-CSF and CD80 co-expression. |
| 4082 | 12850480 | We also demonstrate a methodology to deliver simultaneously a combination of immunomodulatory molecules (GM-CSF, CD80, IL-4, and CD40L) to activate different pathways of immune stimulation. |
| 4083 | 12850495 | Both interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand are important for optimal dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. |
| 4084 | 12850495 | Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and CD40 ligand in combination are capable of yielding dendritic cells from at least some cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia. |
| 4085 | 12850495 | Both interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand are important for optimal dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. |
| 4086 | 12850495 | Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and CD40 ligand in combination are capable of yielding dendritic cells from at least some cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia. |
| 4087 | 12851699 | Murine neuroblastoma C1300 cells transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene (C1300/IL-2, C1300/IL-4 or C1300/GM-CSF) were used as cytokine-producers. |
| 4088 | 12851699 | Glioma-specific CTL activity was equivalently induced in the rats vaccinated s.c. with irradiated 9L, irradiated IL-2-producing 9L cells or the mixed population of irradiated 9L and C1300/IL-2 cells, while the activity was relatively lower in the rats vaccinated with irradiated 9L cells mixed with either C1300/IL-4 or C1300/GM-CSF cells. |
| 4089 | 12851699 | In the rats immunized s.c. with irradiated 9L cells, intracerebral (i.c.) 9L tumors implanted together with either C1300/IL-2 or C1300/IL-4 were completely rejected. |
| 4090 | 12851699 | Murine neuroblastoma C1300 cells transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene (C1300/IL-2, C1300/IL-4 or C1300/GM-CSF) were used as cytokine-producers. |
| 4091 | 12851699 | Glioma-specific CTL activity was equivalently induced in the rats vaccinated s.c. with irradiated 9L, irradiated IL-2-producing 9L cells or the mixed population of irradiated 9L and C1300/IL-2 cells, while the activity was relatively lower in the rats vaccinated with irradiated 9L cells mixed with either C1300/IL-4 or C1300/GM-CSF cells. |
| 4092 | 12851699 | In the rats immunized s.c. with irradiated 9L cells, intracerebral (i.c.) 9L tumors implanted together with either C1300/IL-2 or C1300/IL-4 were completely rejected. |
| 4093 | 12851699 | Murine neuroblastoma C1300 cells transduced with the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene (C1300/IL-2, C1300/IL-4 or C1300/GM-CSF) were used as cytokine-producers. |
| 4094 | 12851699 | Glioma-specific CTL activity was equivalently induced in the rats vaccinated s.c. with irradiated 9L, irradiated IL-2-producing 9L cells or the mixed population of irradiated 9L and C1300/IL-2 cells, while the activity was relatively lower in the rats vaccinated with irradiated 9L cells mixed with either C1300/IL-4 or C1300/GM-CSF cells. |
| 4095 | 12851699 | In the rats immunized s.c. with irradiated 9L cells, intracerebral (i.c.) 9L tumors implanted together with either C1300/IL-2 or C1300/IL-4 were completely rejected. |
| 4096 | 12871175 | In sera, we found reduced levels of both Interferon-gamma and Interleukin (IL)-4. |
| 4097 | 12874015 | DCs generated from peripheral blood using granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)-4 showed immunophenotypes consistent with immature DCs (iDCs). |
| 4098 | 12874015 | Furthermore, OK-DCs showed significantly higher production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma compared with DCs with other stimulations. |
| 4099 | 12874015 | Furthermore, OK-432 does not activate nuclear factor kappaB through Toll-like receptor 2 or Toll-like receptor 4 in the indicator cell system; however, it induces IL-12 production through the beta(2) integrin system on DCs. |
| 4100 | 12874303 | After 2 to 4 weeks, L. amazonensis-infected mice had significantly delayed and depressed expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-12 [IL-12], gamma interferon, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta), CC chemokines (CC chemokine ligand 3 [CCL3]/macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha [MIP-1 alpha], CCL4/MIP-1 beta, CCL5/RANTES, MIP-2), and chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR5) in foot tissues and draining lymph nodes compared to the expression in L. major-infected controls. |
| 4101 | 12874303 | Studies with gene knockout mice suggested that IL-10, but not IL-4, contributed partially to compromised immunity in L. amazonensis-infected hosts. |
| 4102 | 12874362 | Rpf-like proteins elicit immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a responses and T-cell proliferation and stimulate production of gamma interferon, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and IL-12 but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 4103 | 12885891 | Neutralizing antibodies against human RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, IL-13, IL-16, MCP-1, MCP-3, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), or TNF-beta failed to reverse the HIV-1-suppressive activity. |
| 4104 | 12902504 | DNA vaccines, combining form of antigen and method of delivery to raise a spectrum of IFN-gamma and IL-4-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 4105 | 12902504 | DNA-based immunizations have been used to determine the patterns of type 1 and type 2 cytokines that can be induced in vivo for Ag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4106 | 12902504 | IL-4 was used as a signature cytokine for a type 2 T cell response and IFN-gamma as the signature cytokine for a type 1 response. |
| 4107 | 12902504 | The studies revealed that gene gun bombardments of DNAs expressing secreted Ags strongly biased responses toward type 2, inducing IL-4-producing CD8(+) as well as CD4(+) T cells. |
| 4108 | 12902504 | Saline injections of DNAs expressing cell-associated Ags strongly biased responses toward type 1, inducing IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells. |
| 4109 | 12902504 | A mixed type 1/type 2 response of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells and IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells was found for gene gun deliveries of cell-associated Ags. |
| 4110 | 12902504 | Saline injections of secreted Ags raised a weakly type 1-biased response characterized by only slightly higher frequencies of IFN-gamma- than IL-4-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4111 | 12902504 | Studies in B cell knockout and hen egg lysozyme Ig transgenic mice revealed that B cells were required for the generation of IL-4-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4112 | 12902504 | DNA vaccines, combining form of antigen and method of delivery to raise a spectrum of IFN-gamma and IL-4-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 4113 | 12902504 | DNA-based immunizations have been used to determine the patterns of type 1 and type 2 cytokines that can be induced in vivo for Ag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4114 | 12902504 | IL-4 was used as a signature cytokine for a type 2 T cell response and IFN-gamma as the signature cytokine for a type 1 response. |
| 4115 | 12902504 | The studies revealed that gene gun bombardments of DNAs expressing secreted Ags strongly biased responses toward type 2, inducing IL-4-producing CD8(+) as well as CD4(+) T cells. |
| 4116 | 12902504 | Saline injections of DNAs expressing cell-associated Ags strongly biased responses toward type 1, inducing IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells. |
| 4117 | 12902504 | A mixed type 1/type 2 response of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells and IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells was found for gene gun deliveries of cell-associated Ags. |
| 4118 | 12902504 | Saline injections of secreted Ags raised a weakly type 1-biased response characterized by only slightly higher frequencies of IFN-gamma- than IL-4-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4119 | 12902504 | Studies in B cell knockout and hen egg lysozyme Ig transgenic mice revealed that B cells were required for the generation of IL-4-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4120 | 12902504 | DNA vaccines, combining form of antigen and method of delivery to raise a spectrum of IFN-gamma and IL-4-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 4121 | 12902504 | DNA-based immunizations have been used to determine the patterns of type 1 and type 2 cytokines that can be induced in vivo for Ag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4122 | 12902504 | IL-4 was used as a signature cytokine for a type 2 T cell response and IFN-gamma as the signature cytokine for a type 1 response. |
| 4123 | 12902504 | The studies revealed that gene gun bombardments of DNAs expressing secreted Ags strongly biased responses toward type 2, inducing IL-4-producing CD8(+) as well as CD4(+) T cells. |
| 4124 | 12902504 | Saline injections of DNAs expressing cell-associated Ags strongly biased responses toward type 1, inducing IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells. |
| 4125 | 12902504 | A mixed type 1/type 2 response of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells and IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells was found for gene gun deliveries of cell-associated Ags. |
| 4126 | 12902504 | Saline injections of secreted Ags raised a weakly type 1-biased response characterized by only slightly higher frequencies of IFN-gamma- than IL-4-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4127 | 12902504 | Studies in B cell knockout and hen egg lysozyme Ig transgenic mice revealed that B cells were required for the generation of IL-4-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4128 | 12902504 | DNA vaccines, combining form of antigen and method of delivery to raise a spectrum of IFN-gamma and IL-4-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 4129 | 12902504 | DNA-based immunizations have been used to determine the patterns of type 1 and type 2 cytokines that can be induced in vivo for Ag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4130 | 12902504 | IL-4 was used as a signature cytokine for a type 2 T cell response and IFN-gamma as the signature cytokine for a type 1 response. |
| 4131 | 12902504 | The studies revealed that gene gun bombardments of DNAs expressing secreted Ags strongly biased responses toward type 2, inducing IL-4-producing CD8(+) as well as CD4(+) T cells. |
| 4132 | 12902504 | Saline injections of DNAs expressing cell-associated Ags strongly biased responses toward type 1, inducing IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells. |
| 4133 | 12902504 | A mixed type 1/type 2 response of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells and IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells was found for gene gun deliveries of cell-associated Ags. |
| 4134 | 12902504 | Saline injections of secreted Ags raised a weakly type 1-biased response characterized by only slightly higher frequencies of IFN-gamma- than IL-4-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4135 | 12902504 | Studies in B cell knockout and hen egg lysozyme Ig transgenic mice revealed that B cells were required for the generation of IL-4-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4136 | 12902504 | DNA vaccines, combining form of antigen and method of delivery to raise a spectrum of IFN-gamma and IL-4-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 4137 | 12902504 | DNA-based immunizations have been used to determine the patterns of type 1 and type 2 cytokines that can be induced in vivo for Ag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4138 | 12902504 | IL-4 was used as a signature cytokine for a type 2 T cell response and IFN-gamma as the signature cytokine for a type 1 response. |
| 4139 | 12902504 | The studies revealed that gene gun bombardments of DNAs expressing secreted Ags strongly biased responses toward type 2, inducing IL-4-producing CD8(+) as well as CD4(+) T cells. |
| 4140 | 12902504 | Saline injections of DNAs expressing cell-associated Ags strongly biased responses toward type 1, inducing IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells. |
| 4141 | 12902504 | A mixed type 1/type 2 response of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells and IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells was found for gene gun deliveries of cell-associated Ags. |
| 4142 | 12902504 | Saline injections of secreted Ags raised a weakly type 1-biased response characterized by only slightly higher frequencies of IFN-gamma- than IL-4-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4143 | 12902504 | Studies in B cell knockout and hen egg lysozyme Ig transgenic mice revealed that B cells were required for the generation of IL-4-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4144 | 12902504 | DNA vaccines, combining form of antigen and method of delivery to raise a spectrum of IFN-gamma and IL-4-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 4145 | 12902504 | DNA-based immunizations have been used to determine the patterns of type 1 and type 2 cytokines that can be induced in vivo for Ag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4146 | 12902504 | IL-4 was used as a signature cytokine for a type 2 T cell response and IFN-gamma as the signature cytokine for a type 1 response. |
| 4147 | 12902504 | The studies revealed that gene gun bombardments of DNAs expressing secreted Ags strongly biased responses toward type 2, inducing IL-4-producing CD8(+) as well as CD4(+) T cells. |
| 4148 | 12902504 | Saline injections of DNAs expressing cell-associated Ags strongly biased responses toward type 1, inducing IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells. |
| 4149 | 12902504 | A mixed type 1/type 2 response of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells and IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells was found for gene gun deliveries of cell-associated Ags. |
| 4150 | 12902504 | Saline injections of secreted Ags raised a weakly type 1-biased response characterized by only slightly higher frequencies of IFN-gamma- than IL-4-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4151 | 12902504 | Studies in B cell knockout and hen egg lysozyme Ig transgenic mice revealed that B cells were required for the generation of IL-4-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4152 | 12922080 | Both IFN-gamma and IL-10, but not IL-4 were greatly elevated in the mesenteric lymph nodes whereas only IFN-gamma was increased in the peripheral lymph nodes, compatible with a TH1 cytokine response. |
| 4153 | 12922130 | To gain further insight into the cytokine production profile in response to measles vaccination, we studied interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and plasma. |
| 4154 | 12922130 | However, plasma levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, sIL-2R and TNF-alpha) were preferentially activated by measles virus after the first dose of measles vaccination. |
| 4155 | 12924094 | An experimental double immunization of BALB/c mice with a vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis was accompanied by the production of IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNFa and gamma-IFN in the blood serum of animals. |
| 4156 | 12924094 | After the second immunization and unlike the first one, there were changes in the production only of IL-10, IL-12 and gamma-IFN, which can be indicative of a regulation of balance between Th1 and Th2. |
| 4157 | 12933826 | In addition, the DNA vaccine elicited a T-cell-proliferative response and also induced the production of gamma interferon, but not interleukin-10 (IL-10) or IL-4, upon restimulation with either recombinant SOD or crude Brucella protein, suggesting the induction of a typical T-helper-1-dominated immune response in mice. |
| 4158 | 12933862 | Prior to challenge infection, immunization of genetically susceptible A/J mice with the combination of malaria antigen plus recombinant interleukin-12 (IL-12) in alum induced a Th1 immune response with production of high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and diminished IL-4 levels by spleen cells stimulated in vitro with parasite antigen compared to mice immunized with antigen alone, antigen in alum, or antigen plus IL-12. |
| 4159 | 12933862 | Protective immunity was dependent on CD4(+) T cells, IFN-gamma, and B cells and was long-lasting. |
| 4160 | 12940963 | Such in vitro binding assays, using HLA DRB1* 0101, -0401, -0701 and -1101 alleles, demonstrated that two peptide sequences (DEEFNKKMQEQNAKFFADKP and FKHKFAELLEQQKAAQYPSK) exhibited high HLA DRB1* 0401 allele binding capacity. rKMP-11 specific T-cell proliferation and cytokine production, derived from 13 volunteers exposed to the parasite, suggested that using autologous DCs as APCs becomes advantageous in uncovering T-cell epitopes promoting proliferation and differences in IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in T-cells from volunteers with ACTIVE and CURED undetectable disease when other APCs were used. |
| 4161 | 12941145 | We found that oral or intranasal (i.n.) followed by i.m. immunizations induced significantly higher serum titres against NAP and CagA compared to i.n. alone, oral alone, i.m. alone, i.m. followed by i.n. or i.m. followed by oral immunizations. |
| 4162 | 12941145 | Any single route or combination of immunization routes with NAP and CagA preferentially induced antigen-specific splenic interleukin-4-secreting cells and far fewer interferon-gamma-secreting cells in the spleen. |
| 4163 | 12946436 | Retrovirus-transfected bone marrow cells cultured with GMCSF and IL-4 for 7 days demonstrated 70-80% of DCs with high CD11c, CD80, CD86, and MHC class I (I-Kd) expression. |
| 4164 | 12946436 | Immunization of DCs encoding SSP2 gene resulted in identification of two K(d) restricted CTL epitopes and induction of IFN-gamma-secreting cytolytic CD8+ T cells. |
| 4165 | 12950681 | Using antibody depletion and coculture systems, we show that rCTB directly costimulates KLH-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation but not B cells. |
| 4166 | 12950681 | Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays revealed that rCTB also enhanced the KLH-specific CD4+ T-cell-mediated production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) by four to fivefold. |
| 4167 | 12950681 | Together these data show that rCTB can act as a strong adjuvant, by directly costimulating antigen-primed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 4168 | 12952282 | Immunohistochemistry with biopsy samples taken from the vaccine sites demonstrated that the infiltration level of CD4, CD8 and CD1a positive cells increased proportionally to the amount of IL-4 produced at the each site, suggesting that there was local immune response induced at the vaccine site. |
| 4169 | 12957792 | To understand the pathogenesis of vaccine-modified measles (VMM), we measured plasma levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 (Th1 cytokines), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), IL-12, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 in children with uncomplicated measles, who had anti-measles IgG antibodies and with a history of immunization on admission (day 0), day 14 and day 60. |
| 4170 | 12957792 | Plasma levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 were significantly higher in VMM patients on day 0 compared to healthy controls (p = 0.023; p = 0.018; p = 0.001) respectively. |
| 4171 | 12957792 | Kinetically, IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels decreased consistently from day 0 to days 14 and 60 in VMM patients. |
| 4172 | 12959322 | During the course of HIV-1 infection secretion of T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, and antiviral interferon (IFN)-gamma, is generally decreased, whereas production of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, is increased. |
| 4173 | 12959322 | HIV-inductive cytokines include: TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-1 and IL-6, which stimulate HIV-1 replication in T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15, which upregulate HIV-1 in T cells, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor, which stimulates HIV-1 in MDM. |
| 4174 | 12959322 | HIV-suppressive cytokines include: IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-16, which inhibit HIV-1 replication in T cells and MDM, and IL-10 and IL-13, which inhibit HIV-1 in MDM. |
| 4175 | 12959322 | Bifunctional cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor have been shown to have both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on HIV-1. |
| 4176 | 12959322 | The beta-chemokines, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES are important inhibitors of macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1, whereas the alpha-chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 suppresses infection of T-tropic strains of HIV-1. |
| 4177 | 12959322 | During the course of HIV-1 infection secretion of T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, and antiviral interferon (IFN)-gamma, is generally decreased, whereas production of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, is increased. |
| 4178 | 12959322 | HIV-inductive cytokines include: TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-1 and IL-6, which stimulate HIV-1 replication in T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15, which upregulate HIV-1 in T cells, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor, which stimulates HIV-1 in MDM. |
| 4179 | 12959322 | HIV-suppressive cytokines include: IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-16, which inhibit HIV-1 replication in T cells and MDM, and IL-10 and IL-13, which inhibit HIV-1 in MDM. |
| 4180 | 12959322 | Bifunctional cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor have been shown to have both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on HIV-1. |
| 4181 | 12959322 | The beta-chemokines, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES are important inhibitors of macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1, whereas the alpha-chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 suppresses infection of T-tropic strains of HIV-1. |
| 4182 | 12973030 | Dendritic cells were generated from peripheral blood CD14+ precursors cultured in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-4, and 10% autologous serum. |
| 4183 | 13679640 | Although some groups isolate dendritic cells from peripheral blood, most have found it more efficient to generate large numbers from peripheral blood progenitors, particularly plastic adherent or CD14+ monocytes, in media supplemented with GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 4184 | 13680192 | Combination of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and activated T cells which express CD40 ligand: a new approach to cancer immunotherapy. |
| 4185 | 13680192 | To develop the basis for a new DC-based cancer vaccine, we investigated cell-to-cell interactions between human monocyte-derived DCs and autologous T cells that are activated to express the CD40 ligand (CD40L). |
| 4186 | 13680192 | Peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) to induce differentiation of DCs. |
| 4187 | 13680192 | Coculture of these DCs and ATs induced significant production of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and also enhanced the production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 4188 | 13680192 | Furthermore, coculture of DCs and ATs induced DCs to upregulate CD83 expression and stimulated migration of DCs toward the macrophage inflammatory protein 3-beta (MIP-3beta). |
| 4189 | 14500496 | In addition, after in vitro stimulation with rBLS, spleen cells from BLS-IFA-, BLS-Al-, or BLS-MPA-immunized mice proliferated and produced interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-10, and IL-4, suggesting the induction of a mixed Th1-Th2 response. |
| 4190 | 14502281 | IL-4 was crucial for the priming of vaccine-specific CD8(+) T cells, and we defined the primary source of IL-4 as a CD11b(+)CD11c(lo) phagocyte. |
| 4191 | 14502281 | Similarly, no IL-4 response or CD8(+) T-cell priming was seen in C1qa(-/-) mice. |
| 4192 | 14502281 | IL-4 was crucial for the priming of vaccine-specific CD8(+) T cells, and we defined the primary source of IL-4 as a CD11b(+)CD11c(lo) phagocyte. |
| 4193 | 14502281 | Similarly, no IL-4 response or CD8(+) T-cell priming was seen in C1qa(-/-) mice. |
| 4194 | 14505892 | More potent responses to two MHC class II epitopes, HIV gp160(843-852) or HIV gag(279-292), occurred in mice immunized with Ii-Key hybrid peptides than with epitope-only peptides, as measured in IL-4 and IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays of splenic lymphocytes stimulated in vitro by epitope-only peptides. |
| 4195 | 14506743 | Examination of the cytokines produced by these Th-cells showed that a majority of the proliferative p53-specific T cell cultures produced none of the key cytokines (IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-4, IL-5 or IL-10), indicating that these p53-specific Th-responses are not polarized. |
| 4196 | 14506743 | In patients who exhibited p53-specific reactivity against multiple p53-epitopes, non-polarized responses could be found side by side with polarized Th-responses that produced INFgamma or other cytokines such as IL-10. |
| 4197 | 14512794 | Autologous monocytes were harvested from a single apheresis and cultured for 7 days with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4, yielding immature dendritic cells (iDCs), which were then cryopreserved until use. |
| 4198 | 14512794 | In vitro, melanoma patient-derived dendritic cells (DCs) showed reduced cell surface expression of CD1a antigen on iDCs and reduced CD86 and HLA-DR expression on mDCs. |
| 4199 | 14522457 | The pattern of cytokine levels was in the following order: interferon-gamma>interleukin-2>interleukin-4. |
| 4200 | 14530326 | In the present study we evaluated the ability of a heat shock complex of HSP110 with the intracellular domain (ICD) of human HER-2/neu to elicit effective antitumor immune responses and to inhibit spontaneous mammary tumors in FVB-neu (FVBN202) transgenic mice. |
| 4201 | 14530326 | This vaccine induced ICD-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 production. |
| 4202 | 14530326 | Depletion studies revealed that CD8(+) T cells were involved in protection against challenge with mouse mammary tumors, whereas CD4(+) T cells revealed partial protection. |
| 4203 | 14530326 | Increased IgG2a Ab titer in the sera of tumor-free animals after vaccination and elevated CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells in the PBL of tumor-bearing animals suggested that IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells may be responsible for partial protection of CD4(+) T cells against the mammary tumor challenge, whereas CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Th2 cells) may suppress the antitumor immune responses. |
| 4204 | 14530326 | Together, these results suggest that HSP110-ICD complex can elicit effective IFN-gamma-producing T cells against spontaneous mammary tumors and that up-regulation of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells may prevent complete eradication of the tumor following immunotherapy. |
| 4205 | 14559161 | A role for balance of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production in protective immunity against Neospora caninum infection. |
| 4206 | 14559161 | In the acute infection of N. caninum, BALB/c-background IFN-gamma-deficient mice that were sensitive to the N. caninum infection showed high levels of IL-10 production, whereas significant levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production were observed in resistant wild type mice. |
| 4207 | 14559161 | BALB/c mice vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing N. caninum surface protein NcSRS2 resisted parasite spread throughout the body, low levels of IFN-gamma production and high levels of IL-4 production were observed compared to unvaccinated animals. |
| 4208 | 14559161 | The treatment of N. caninum-infected cells with IFN-gamma or IL-10 decreased the host-cell viability in an in vitro system using mouse macrophage J774A.1 cells. |
| 4209 | 14559161 | On the other hand, IL-4, but not IL-10 administration, increased the viability of N. caninum-infected and IFN-gamma-treated cells. |
| 4210 | 14559161 | In the light of the balance of Th1/Th2-type cytokine production, an IFN-gamma/IL-4 balance may have a crucial role for the control of cellular responses against the parasite invasion. |
| 4211 | 14559161 | A role for balance of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production in protective immunity against Neospora caninum infection. |
| 4212 | 14559161 | In the acute infection of N. caninum, BALB/c-background IFN-gamma-deficient mice that were sensitive to the N. caninum infection showed high levels of IL-10 production, whereas significant levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production were observed in resistant wild type mice. |
| 4213 | 14559161 | BALB/c mice vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing N. caninum surface protein NcSRS2 resisted parasite spread throughout the body, low levels of IFN-gamma production and high levels of IL-4 production were observed compared to unvaccinated animals. |
| 4214 | 14559161 | The treatment of N. caninum-infected cells with IFN-gamma or IL-10 decreased the host-cell viability in an in vitro system using mouse macrophage J774A.1 cells. |
| 4215 | 14559161 | On the other hand, IL-4, but not IL-10 administration, increased the viability of N. caninum-infected and IFN-gamma-treated cells. |
| 4216 | 14559161 | In the light of the balance of Th1/Th2-type cytokine production, an IFN-gamma/IL-4 balance may have a crucial role for the control of cellular responses against the parasite invasion. |
| 4217 | 14559161 | A role for balance of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production in protective immunity against Neospora caninum infection. |
| 4218 | 14559161 | In the acute infection of N. caninum, BALB/c-background IFN-gamma-deficient mice that were sensitive to the N. caninum infection showed high levels of IL-10 production, whereas significant levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production were observed in resistant wild type mice. |
| 4219 | 14559161 | BALB/c mice vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing N. caninum surface protein NcSRS2 resisted parasite spread throughout the body, low levels of IFN-gamma production and high levels of IL-4 production were observed compared to unvaccinated animals. |
| 4220 | 14559161 | The treatment of N. caninum-infected cells with IFN-gamma or IL-10 decreased the host-cell viability in an in vitro system using mouse macrophage J774A.1 cells. |
| 4221 | 14559161 | On the other hand, IL-4, but not IL-10 administration, increased the viability of N. caninum-infected and IFN-gamma-treated cells. |
| 4222 | 14559161 | In the light of the balance of Th1/Th2-type cytokine production, an IFN-gamma/IL-4 balance may have a crucial role for the control of cellular responses against the parasite invasion. |
| 4223 | 14559161 | A role for balance of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production in protective immunity against Neospora caninum infection. |
| 4224 | 14559161 | In the acute infection of N. caninum, BALB/c-background IFN-gamma-deficient mice that were sensitive to the N. caninum infection showed high levels of IL-10 production, whereas significant levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production were observed in resistant wild type mice. |
| 4225 | 14559161 | BALB/c mice vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing N. caninum surface protein NcSRS2 resisted parasite spread throughout the body, low levels of IFN-gamma production and high levels of IL-4 production were observed compared to unvaccinated animals. |
| 4226 | 14559161 | The treatment of N. caninum-infected cells with IFN-gamma or IL-10 decreased the host-cell viability in an in vitro system using mouse macrophage J774A.1 cells. |
| 4227 | 14559161 | On the other hand, IL-4, but not IL-10 administration, increased the viability of N. caninum-infected and IFN-gamma-treated cells. |
| 4228 | 14559161 | In the light of the balance of Th1/Th2-type cytokine production, an IFN-gamma/IL-4 balance may have a crucial role for the control of cellular responses against the parasite invasion. |
| 4229 | 14559161 | A role for balance of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production in protective immunity against Neospora caninum infection. |
| 4230 | 14559161 | In the acute infection of N. caninum, BALB/c-background IFN-gamma-deficient mice that were sensitive to the N. caninum infection showed high levels of IL-10 production, whereas significant levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production were observed in resistant wild type mice. |
| 4231 | 14559161 | BALB/c mice vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing N. caninum surface protein NcSRS2 resisted parasite spread throughout the body, low levels of IFN-gamma production and high levels of IL-4 production were observed compared to unvaccinated animals. |
| 4232 | 14559161 | The treatment of N. caninum-infected cells with IFN-gamma or IL-10 decreased the host-cell viability in an in vitro system using mouse macrophage J774A.1 cells. |
| 4233 | 14559161 | On the other hand, IL-4, but not IL-10 administration, increased the viability of N. caninum-infected and IFN-gamma-treated cells. |
| 4234 | 14559161 | In the light of the balance of Th1/Th2-type cytokine production, an IFN-gamma/IL-4 balance may have a crucial role for the control of cellular responses against the parasite invasion. |
| 4235 | 14561701 | Protection mediated by mAb's was associated with enhanced levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-gamma in the lungs of infected mice. |
| 4236 | 14561701 | The antigen was identified as a histone H2B-like protein. |
| 4237 | 14568420 | Splenic cells from immunized mice secreted in vitro IFN-gamma, but not IL-4, after stimulation with Ole e 1. |
| 4238 | 14575151 | Analysis of Th2 induction in vitro indicates that this polarization develops gradually in T cells activated by anti-CD3 in the presence of IL-4; conversely anti-CD3 and IFNgamma induce Th1 cells. |
| 4239 | 14594508 | Differentiation of CD14(+) cells into mature monocyte-derived DC was induced by incubation with IL-4, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, PGE(2), IL-1 beta, and IL-6. |
| 4240 | 14594508 | Mature DC showed a high expression of CD83, HLA-DR, and the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. |
| 4241 | 14600790 | Nineteen patients received DCs plus autologous lysates and 14 patients DCs plus peptides from the melanoma antigens MAGE-3.A2, tyrosinase, gp100, and MART-1. |
| 4242 | 14600790 | DCs were produced from adherent cells in blood lymphocytes (monocytic DCs), grown in IL-4 and GM-CSF without a maturation step. |
| 4243 | 14607876 | Proliferating cells were lymphocytes, which mostly secreted interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10 for the three serologic groups. |
| 4244 | 14610620 | Major mediators of anti-tumor immunity are CD4(+) T(h)1 cells and CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). |
| 4245 | 14610620 | IL-13 is one of the T(h)2 cytokines that has very similar features to IL-4 through sharing some receptor components and Stat6 signal transduction. |
| 4246 | 14610620 | It has been thought that IL-13 is not as critical for immune deviation as IL-4 since it cannot directly act on T cells. |
| 4247 | 14610620 | Major mediators of anti-tumor immunity are CD4(+) T(h)1 cells and CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). |
| 4248 | 14610620 | IL-13 is one of the T(h)2 cytokines that has very similar features to IL-4 through sharing some receptor components and Stat6 signal transduction. |
| 4249 | 14610620 | It has been thought that IL-13 is not as critical for immune deviation as IL-4 since it cannot directly act on T cells. |
| 4250 | 14613519 | BACKGROUND: Allergic subjects produce relatively low amounts of IFN-gamma, a pleiotropic Th-1 cytokine that downregulates Th2-associated airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (AHR), the hallmarks of allergic asthma. |
| 4251 | 14613519 | Adenovirus-mediated IFN-gamma gene transfer reduces AHR, Th2 cytokine levels and lung inflammation in mice, but its use would be limited by the frequency of gene delivery required; therefore, we tested chitosan/IFN-gamma pDNA nanoparticles (CIN) for in situ production of IFN-gamma and its in vivo effects. |
| 4252 | 14613519 | Production of IFN-gamma is increased after CIN treatment while the Th2-cytokines, IL-4 and IL-5, and OVA-specific serum IgE are reduced compared to control mice. |
| 4253 | 14613519 | Experiments performed on STAT4-defective mice do not show reduction in AHR with CIN treatment, thus implicating STAT4 signaling in the mechanism of CIN action. |
| 4254 | 14616120 | The BCG vaccination improved lung function in both groups, and the Repeated BCG group showed a significant increase in the peripheral blood interferon gamma/interleukin 4 ratio. |
| 4255 | 14616791 | The LST and in vitro proliferative response (stimulation index, SI), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production and, in a few cases, interleukin (IL)-4 production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to soluble Leishmania antigens were measured. |
| 4256 | 14618088 | The immunological events that lead to AD disease, the activation of the T-helper 2 (Th2) immune response, the synthesis of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and the inhibition of the T-helper 1 (Th1) damage the capacity of the host to develop anti-VV cytotoxic cells (CTLs). |
| 4257 | 14618645 | We hypothesized that cytokines produced by asthmatic lung inflammation bias the immune response to antigens administered systemically toward a Th2 response, as assessed by serum IgE antibody and lymphocyte-secreted IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 4258 | 14618645 | The asthmatic population demonstrated an increased amount of Th2-mediated serum IgE anti-Hep B antibody, as compared to nonasthmatic children; but comparable amounts of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA, and IgM anti-Hep B antibody and lymphocyte IFNgamma, IL4, and IL5. |
| 4259 | 14618645 | We hypothesized that cytokines produced by asthmatic lung inflammation bias the immune response to antigens administered systemically toward a Th2 response, as assessed by serum IgE antibody and lymphocyte-secreted IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 4260 | 14618645 | The asthmatic population demonstrated an increased amount of Th2-mediated serum IgE anti-Hep B antibody, as compared to nonasthmatic children; but comparable amounts of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA, and IgM anti-Hep B antibody and lymphocyte IFNgamma, IL4, and IL5. |
| 4261 | 14624382 | To determine the effect of IL-12 supplementation, rhesus macaques were vaccinated with a recombinant MV expressing IL-12; these macaques had increased interferon-gamma production by CD4(+) T cells, decreased production of IL-4, and lower levels of MV-specific immunoglobulin G4 and neutralizing antibody. |
| 4262 | 14627128 | Immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (imMo-DCs) isolated from human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 were exposed to maturation factors, i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plus prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and OK-432 for 2 days. |
| 4263 | 14627128 | OK-432 increased expression of activation- and maturation-related molecules such as HLA-DR, CD80, CD83, and CD86 in imMo-DCs at levels similar to that of TNF-alpha plus PGE2, and higher than that of LPS. |
| 4264 | 14627128 | Only OK-432 caused significant production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) p70 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) at both the mRNA and protein levels in imMo-DCs. |
| 4265 | 14627128 | Neutralizing antibody against IL-12 p70 blocked IFN-gamma secretion from OK-432-stimulated Mo-DCs. |
| 4266 | 14627128 | IL-12 p70 produced by OK-432-stimulated imMo-DCs induced secretion of IFN-gamma by CD4+ T cells. |
| 4267 | 14627128 | Both secretion of IL-12 p70 and IFN-gamma and activation of NF-kappaB induced by OK-432 were suppressed when imMo-DCs were pretreated with cytochalasin B. |
| 4268 | 14627128 | These results indicate that uptake of OK-432 by imMo-DCs is an early critical event for IL-12 p70 production and that NF-kappaB activation induced by OK-432 also contributes partially to IL-12 p70 production. |
| 4269 | 14629630 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained by leukapheresis were enriched for monocytes by immunomagnetic depletion of CD19+ B cells and CD2+ T cells employing the ISOLEX 300i device. |
| 4270 | 14629630 | After 5 days of culture of enriched monocytes in gas permeable Teflon bags, using serum-free medium supplemented with granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 (IL-4), immature DCs were generated. |
| 4271 | 14629630 | The generated matured transfected DCs show high expression of the antigens CD83, CD80, CD86 and human leucocyte antigen-DR. |
| 4272 | 14635022 | Antigen-specific cellular responses were characterized based on the balance of Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) and Th1 (IFN-gamma) cytokines in vitro. |
| 4273 | 14635031 | Active immunization with fibrillar beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta(42)) as well as passive transfer of anti-Abeta antibodies significantly reduces Abeta plaque deposition, neuritic dystrophy, and astrogliosis in the brain of mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP)-transgenic mice. |
| 4274 | 14635031 | We constructed a DNA minigene with Abeta fused to mouse interleukin-4 (pAbeta(42)-IL-4) as a molecular adjuvant to generate anti-Abeta antibodies and enhance the Th2-type of immune responses. |
| 4275 | 14656542 | Messenger RNA for interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-4 was measured on days 0-10 by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of RNA of LDL. |
| 4276 | 14657224 | Transforming growth factor-beta production and myeloid cells are an effector mechanism through which CD1d-restricted T cells block cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated tumor immunosurveillance: abrogation prevents tumor recurrence. |
| 4277 | 14657224 | Our previous work demonstrated that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated tumor immunosurveillance of the 15-12RM tumor could be suppressed by a CD1d-restricted lymphocyte, most likely a natural killer (NK) T cell, which produces interleukin (IL)-13. |
| 4278 | 14657224 | T cell-reconstituted recombination activating gene (RAG)2 knockout (KO) and RAG2/IL-4 receptor alpha double KO mice showed that inhibition of immunosurveillance requires IL-13 responsiveness by a non-T non-B cell. |
| 4279 | 14657224 | Such nonlymphoid splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice produced more transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, a potent inhibitor of CTL, ex vivo than such cells from naive mice, and this TGF-beta production was dependent on the presence in vivo of both IL-13 and CD1d-restricted T cells. |
| 4280 | 14657224 | Further, blocking TGF-beta or depleting Gr-1+ cells in vivo prevented the tumor recurrence, implying that TGF-beta made by a CD11b+ Gr-1+ myeloid cell, in an IL-13 and CD1d-restricted T cell-dependent mechanism, is necessary for down-regulation of tumor immunosurveillance. |
| 4281 | 14657224 | Identification of this stepwise regulation of immunosurveillance, involving CD1-restricted T cells, IL-13, myeloid cells, and TGF-beta, explains previous observations on myeloid suppressor cells or TGF-beta and provides insights for targeted approaches for cancer immunotherapy, including synergistic blockade of TGF-beta and IL-13. |
| 4282 | 14670333 | IL-12 enhances protective immunity in mice engendered by immunization with recombinant 14 kDa Schistosoma mansoni fatty acid-binding protein through an IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha dependent pathway. |
| 4283 | 14670333 | Regarding other cytokines, significant amounts of IFN-gamma were measured in splenocyte culture supernatants of rSm14/IL-12 or rSm14 vaccinated mice and no IL-4 was detected. |
| 4284 | 14670333 | In an attempt to determine the role of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in IL-12 induced immunity, IFN-gamma and TNFR-p55 knockout mice were immunized with rSm14/IL-12 and no protection was achieved. |
| 4285 | 14670333 | Therefore, protection induced by rSm14/IL-12 was shown to be dependent on endogenous IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 4286 | 14671086 | Peptide-specific cytokine responses and HLA-DRB1 allele associations revealed that, for the MV-P peptide, the allele with the strongest association with both IFN-gamma (P = 0.02) and IL-4 (P = 0.03) secretion was DRB1*0301. |
| 4287 | 14671086 | For MV-N, the allele with the strongest association with IFN-gamma secretion was DRB1*1501 (P = 0.04), and the alleles with the strongest associations with IL-4 secretion were DRB1*1103 and DRB1*1303 (P = 0.01). |
| 4288 | 14671086 | Peptide-specific cytokine responses and HLA-DRB1 allele associations revealed that, for the MV-P peptide, the allele with the strongest association with both IFN-gamma (P = 0.02) and IL-4 (P = 0.03) secretion was DRB1*0301. |
| 4289 | 14671086 | For MV-N, the allele with the strongest association with IFN-gamma secretion was DRB1*1501 (P = 0.04), and the alleles with the strongest associations with IL-4 secretion were DRB1*1103 and DRB1*1303 (P = 0.01). |
| 4290 | 14671100 | Immunization induced antibodies, peptide-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), protein-specific lymphoproliferative responses, IFN-gamma, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-4 T-helper responses in both vaccinees. |
| 4291 | 14678262 | Graves' hyperthyroidism and thyroiditis in HLA-DRB1*0301 (DR3) transgenic mice after immunization with thyrotropin receptor DNA. |
| 4292 | 14678262 | Two groups of mice were also coimmunized with plasmid DNA for IL-4 or GM-CSF. |
| 4293 | 14685154 | However, in EBV-positive Hodgkin's disease (HD) the efficacy of adoptively transferred EBV-specific CTL may be limited by tumor-derived immunosuppressive factors, such as T-cell growth factor (TGF) beta, interleukin (IL)13 and the chemokine TARC. |
| 4294 | 14685154 | EBV-specific CTL transduced with a retrovirus vector expressing the p40 and p35 subunits of IL12 as a single molecule (Flexi-IL12), produced IL12 following antigenic stimulation. |
| 4295 | 14685154 | This resulted in an elevated production of Th1 cytokines, including interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and a reduction in the Th2 cytokines IL4 and IL5. |
| 4296 | 14685154 | Flexi-IL12-transduced CTL resisted the antiproliferative and anticytotoxic effects of exogenous TGFbeta, likely by antagonizing the TGFbeta-induced downregulation of the Th1 transcriptional factor T-bet. |
| 4297 | 14687950 | On challenge, mice vaccinated initially with KV and boosted with either KV or LV expressed significantly skewed ratios of IL-4 to IFN-gamma mRNA and IgG1 to IgG2a antibody, when compared to those vaccinated initially with LV. |
| 4298 | 14688338 | Third, the application of cholera toxin to the intact skin of NOD/Lt mice, with or without insulin B peptide 9-23, exacerbated insulitis and T lymphocyte-derived IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in the islets of Langerhans, resulting in an increased incidence and rate of onset of autoimmune diabetes. |
| 4299 | 14688363 | IL-23 induces stronger sustained CTL and Th1 immune responses than IL-12 in hepatitis C virus envelope protein 2 DNA immunization. |
| 4300 | 14688363 | In this study, we investigated whether IL-23 could influence envelope protein 2 (E2)-specific cell-mediated immunity induced by immunization of hepatitis C virus E2 DNA. |
| 4301 | 14688363 | Interestingly, IL-23N220L, an N-glycosylation mutant showing reduced expression of excess p40 without changing the level of IL-23, exhibited a higher ratio of IFN-gamma- to IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cell frequency than did wild-type IL-23, suggesting a negative regulatory effect of p40 on Th1-prone immune response induced by IL-23. |
| 4302 | 14704372 | T cells from mice immunized with antigen in the presence of CT produced high levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-5 and low levels of IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 4303 | 14704372 | Here, we demonstrate that immunization with antigen in the presence of CT induced a population of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells that produced IL-10 in the absence of IL-4, in addition to cells that coexpressed IL-4 and IL-10 or produced IL-4 only. |
| 4304 | 14704372 | Previous data showed that CT can modulate the expression of costimulatory molecules and inhibit the production of chemokines and cytokines, including IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and enhance IL-10 production. |
| 4305 | 14704372 | Here, we show that CT synergizes with LPS to induce IL-6 and IL-1beta in addition to IL-10 production by immature DC. |
| 4306 | 14704372 | T cells from mice immunized with antigen in the presence of CT produced high levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-5 and low levels of IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 4307 | 14704372 | Here, we demonstrate that immunization with antigen in the presence of CT induced a population of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells that produced IL-10 in the absence of IL-4, in addition to cells that coexpressed IL-4 and IL-10 or produced IL-4 only. |
| 4308 | 14704372 | Previous data showed that CT can modulate the expression of costimulatory molecules and inhibit the production of chemokines and cytokines, including IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and enhance IL-10 production. |
| 4309 | 14704372 | Here, we show that CT synergizes with LPS to induce IL-6 and IL-1beta in addition to IL-10 production by immature DC. |
| 4310 | 14708863 | Proliferation, cytokine profile in culture supernatants from antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and specific IgG1, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgM & IgE levels were assessed. |
| 4311 | 14708863 | The evaluation of the cytokine profile [IL-2, IL-4 & IFN-gamma] in response to this antigen showed a significant increase as demonstrated by ELISA. |
| 4312 | 14708863 | Specifically, IFN-gamma and IL-2 were significantly detected by flow cytometry. |
| 4313 | 14712315 | Tumor cells were transfected with murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or IL-4 plasmids employing the cationic lipid DOTAP, were irradiated (150 Gy) and kept frozen until use. |
| 4314 | 14712315 | While cell clones secreting GM-CSF were the most effective in wild-type tumor cell rejection, little or no effect was observed with clones secreting IL-4. |
| 4315 | 14712315 | Tumor cells were transfected with murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or IL-4 plasmids employing the cationic lipid DOTAP, were irradiated (150 Gy) and kept frozen until use. |
| 4316 | 14712315 | While cell clones secreting GM-CSF were the most effective in wild-type tumor cell rejection, little or no effect was observed with clones secreting IL-4. |
| 4317 | 14735319 | In this pilot study, we have used the peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) supplemented with GM-CSF and IL-4 as the source of the vaccine. |
| 4318 | 14735319 | Furthermore, A24/CEA peptide tetramer assay revealed an increase in peptide-specific T-cell precursor frequency in vaccinated patients. |
| 4319 | 14739648 | The studies on allergen-induced Th2 cells revealed that the Th2 cytokine IL-4 induces B cells to synthesize IgE, and cytokine IL-5 is the inducer of eosinophilia, just as in HIV-1 infection. |
| 4320 | 14740954 | Little interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-10 secretion was detected, indicating a T(H)1 type of T cell response. |
| 4321 | 14740954 | T cell depletion studies showed that the interferon-gamma was being secreted by CD4+ T lymphocytes and/or by cells other than CD8+ T lymphocytes that were being stimulated by the CD4+ T lymphocytes. |
| 4322 | 14740954 | CD3+ or CD8+ T cell depletion showed that granzyme B mRNA expression correlated with the presence of CD4+ T lymphocytes. |
| 4323 | 14740954 | However, depletion of CD4+ T cells after four days of stimulation indicated that the granzyme B mRNA was produced by cells in culture other than lymphocytes. |
| 4324 | 14750178 | CD4+ T cell-mediated HER-2/neu-specific tumor rejection in the absence of B cells. |
| 4325 | 14750178 | We asked whether B cells/antibodies are needed for tumor immunity induced by plasmid (HER-2 and GM-CSF) immunization. |
| 4326 | 14750178 | HER-2 specific tumor immunity relied completely on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 4327 | 14750178 | IFN-gamma, and to a lesser extent IL-4, seemed to be crucial cytokines during tumor rejection. |
| 4328 | 14770083 | In a murine model of experimental bladder cancer, intravesical instillation of rBCG-IFNgamma resulted in an enhanced recruitment of CD4+ T-cells into the bladder and further induced the local expression of IL-2 and IL-4 cytokines (mRNA) compared to control rBCG. |
| 4329 | 14969600 | Serum samples obtained prior to (week 0) and after three vaccinations (week 4) were assayed for interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 4330 | 14969600 | Results (mean +/- SD) for 30 patients who had matching serum samples obtained at weeks 0 and 4 were: week 0, IL-2, 122 +/- 320 pg/mL; IFN-gamma, 0.1 +/- 0.4 IU/mL; IL-4, 10.0 +/- 19 pg/mL; IL-10, 159 +/- 237 pg/mL; week 4: 119 +/- 308 for IL-2; 0.1 +/- 0.4 for IFN-gamma; 16 +/- 29 for IL-4, and 210 +/- 273 for IL-10. |
| 4331 | 14969600 | Serum samples obtained prior to (week 0) and after three vaccinations (week 4) were assayed for interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 4332 | 14969600 | Results (mean +/- SD) for 30 patients who had matching serum samples obtained at weeks 0 and 4 were: week 0, IL-2, 122 +/- 320 pg/mL; IFN-gamma, 0.1 +/- 0.4 IU/mL; IL-4, 10.0 +/- 19 pg/mL; IL-10, 159 +/- 237 pg/mL; week 4: 119 +/- 308 for IL-2; 0.1 +/- 0.4 for IFN-gamma; 16 +/- 29 for IL-4, and 210 +/- 273 for IL-10. |
| 4333 | 14971031 | Dendritic cells generated in the presence of GM-CSF plus IL-15 prime potent CD8+ Tc1 responses in vivo. |
| 4334 | 14971031 | DC progenitors can be stimulated to differentiate into immature DC by various growth factors, including GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 4335 | 14971031 | Here we show that IL-15, in combination with GM-CSF, is a growth factor for murine DC. |
| 4336 | 14971031 | Murine bone marrow cells, depleted of T cells, B cells, I-A+ cells and Gr-1+ granulocytes, and cultured in the presence of GM-CSF plus IL-15 (IL-15 DC), yielded DC expressing high levels of CD11c and MHC class II molecules, as well as CD11b. |
| 4337 | 14971031 | These cells expressed significant levels of CD40, CD80 and CD86, and could stimulate allogeneic CD4+ T cells efficiently. |
| 4338 | 14971031 | Interestingly, IL-15 DC were far superior to DC generated with GM-CSF plus IL-4 in stimulating allogeneic CD8+ T cells in vitro. |
| 4339 | 14971031 | Consistent with this, IL-15 DC induced much more potent antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses with high levels of Th1 cytokines in vivo, compared to DC generated with GM-CSF plus IL-4, or with GM-CSF plus TGF-beta, or with GM-CSF alone. |
| 4340 | 14971031 | Together, these data suggest that IL-15 promotes the development of DC, which induce potent Th1 and Tc1 responses in vivo. |
| 4341 | 14971031 | Dendritic cells generated in the presence of GM-CSF plus IL-15 prime potent CD8+ Tc1 responses in vivo. |
| 4342 | 14971031 | DC progenitors can be stimulated to differentiate into immature DC by various growth factors, including GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 4343 | 14971031 | Here we show that IL-15, in combination with GM-CSF, is a growth factor for murine DC. |
| 4344 | 14971031 | Murine bone marrow cells, depleted of T cells, B cells, I-A+ cells and Gr-1+ granulocytes, and cultured in the presence of GM-CSF plus IL-15 (IL-15 DC), yielded DC expressing high levels of CD11c and MHC class II molecules, as well as CD11b. |
| 4345 | 14971031 | These cells expressed significant levels of CD40, CD80 and CD86, and could stimulate allogeneic CD4+ T cells efficiently. |
| 4346 | 14971031 | Interestingly, IL-15 DC were far superior to DC generated with GM-CSF plus IL-4 in stimulating allogeneic CD8+ T cells in vitro. |
| 4347 | 14971031 | Consistent with this, IL-15 DC induced much more potent antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses with high levels of Th1 cytokines in vivo, compared to DC generated with GM-CSF plus IL-4, or with GM-CSF plus TGF-beta, or with GM-CSF alone. |
| 4348 | 14971031 | Together, these data suggest that IL-15 promotes the development of DC, which induce potent Th1 and Tc1 responses in vivo. |
| 4349 | 14971031 | Dendritic cells generated in the presence of GM-CSF plus IL-15 prime potent CD8+ Tc1 responses in vivo. |
| 4350 | 14971031 | DC progenitors can be stimulated to differentiate into immature DC by various growth factors, including GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 4351 | 14971031 | Here we show that IL-15, in combination with GM-CSF, is a growth factor for murine DC. |
| 4352 | 14971031 | Murine bone marrow cells, depleted of T cells, B cells, I-A+ cells and Gr-1+ granulocytes, and cultured in the presence of GM-CSF plus IL-15 (IL-15 DC), yielded DC expressing high levels of CD11c and MHC class II molecules, as well as CD11b. |
| 4353 | 14971031 | These cells expressed significant levels of CD40, CD80 and CD86, and could stimulate allogeneic CD4+ T cells efficiently. |
| 4354 | 14971031 | Interestingly, IL-15 DC were far superior to DC generated with GM-CSF plus IL-4 in stimulating allogeneic CD8+ T cells in vitro. |
| 4355 | 14971031 | Consistent with this, IL-15 DC induced much more potent antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses with high levels of Th1 cytokines in vivo, compared to DC generated with GM-CSF plus IL-4, or with GM-CSF plus TGF-beta, or with GM-CSF alone. |
| 4356 | 14971031 | Together, these data suggest that IL-15 promotes the development of DC, which induce potent Th1 and Tc1 responses in vivo. |
| 4357 | 14984494 | Retroviral transduction of acute myeloid leukaemia-derived dendritic cells with OX40 ligand augments their antigen presenting activity. |
| 4358 | 14984494 | In the present study, we examined whether the transduction of leukaemia-DCs with OX40 ligand (OX40L), a member of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family, resulted in augmentation of their antigen presenting activity. |
| 4359 | 14984494 | Fresh leukaemic cells from five patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were isolated and retrovirally transduced with OX40L during the culture with a combination of cytokines from stem cell factor, fms-like tyrosine kinase (Flt)-3 ligand, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and TNF-alpha. |
| 4360 | 14984494 | After 7 d, the majority of cells showed DC-like morphology, and expressed higher levels of CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR than fresh leukaemic cells. |
| 4361 | 14984494 | Co-culture of allogeneic CD4+ T cells with OX40L-transduced leukaemia-DCs was superior in the generation of interferon (IFN)-gamma producing CD4+ T cells and in production of IFN-gamma. |
| 4362 | 14984598 | However, CD8low T cells express IFN-gamma and substantial amounts of IL-4, the signature cytokines of type 1 and type 2 T-cell polarization, respectively. |
| 4363 | 14984598 | Here, we argue that the CD8low phenotype is an alternative career choice for any naive CD8+ T cell during primary activation but that the probability of choosing this option is greatly enhanced by both IL-4 and strong activation conditions. |
| 4364 | 14984598 | However, CD8low T cells express IFN-gamma and substantial amounts of IL-4, the signature cytokines of type 1 and type 2 T-cell polarization, respectively. |
| 4365 | 14984598 | Here, we argue that the CD8low phenotype is an alternative career choice for any naive CD8+ T cell during primary activation but that the probability of choosing this option is greatly enhanced by both IL-4 and strong activation conditions. |
| 4366 | 14997036 | In particular, we focused on peripheral blood Th1/Th2 balance by measuring intracellular production of IFN-gamma, IL-2 (Th1), IL-4 (Th2), and IL-10 by CD4 T cells, using a nested case control study design within a large epidemiological survey. |
| 4367 | 14997036 | In particular, ongoing Th1-type immune activation was associated with multisymptom illness in GWVs, with sick veterans having significantly elevated levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 producing CD4+ cells in the absence of in vitro stimulation compared with wGWVs (P = 0.01 and P =0.001). |
| 4368 | 14997038 | We showed previously that DC derived from a monocyte subset expressing CD16 (16+mDC) stimulated allogeneic naïve T lymphocytes to secrete higher levels of IL-4 than DC derived from regular CD14(high)CD16(-) monocytes (16-mDC). |
| 4369 | 14997038 | Before treatment, the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio against TuLy and KLH was higher when using 16-mDC as APC, but after vaccination four of five patients had an increased ratio for TuLy with 16+mDC. |
| 4370 | 14997038 | We showed previously that DC derived from a monocyte subset expressing CD16 (16+mDC) stimulated allogeneic naïve T lymphocytes to secrete higher levels of IL-4 than DC derived from regular CD14(high)CD16(-) monocytes (16-mDC). |
| 4371 | 14997038 | Before treatment, the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio against TuLy and KLH was higher when using 16-mDC as APC, but after vaccination four of five patients had an increased ratio for TuLy with 16+mDC. |
| 4372 | 14999431 | The vaccine used mature DCs (CD1a+++, CD40++, CD80++, CD83+, and CD86+++) generated from peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 4373 | 14999431 | After 7 days, DCs were matured with a defined cocktail of cytokines (IL-1+IL-6+TNF-alpha+PGE2) and simultaneously pulsed with lysates of heterologous melanoma cell lines, for 2 days. |
| 4374 | 15003644 | Production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 by splenic T cells, and serum IgG1 and IgG2a, suggest induction of a mixed Th1/Th2 response following immunization. |
| 4375 | 15003644 | Increased production of NO and IFN-gamma by spleen cells, and down regulation of IL-4, demonstrate that an initial stimulation of a mixed Th1/Th2 response by vaccination instructs Th1 responses and resistance against a progressive infection by L. donovani. |
| 4376 | 15003644 | Production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 by splenic T cells, and serum IgG1 and IgG2a, suggest induction of a mixed Th1/Th2 response following immunization. |
| 4377 | 15003644 | Increased production of NO and IFN-gamma by spleen cells, and down regulation of IL-4, demonstrate that an initial stimulation of a mixed Th1/Th2 response by vaccination instructs Th1 responses and resistance against a progressive infection by L. donovani. |
| 4378 | 15003648 | Plasmids encoding membrane-bound IL-4 or IL-12 strongly costimulate DNA vaccination against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). |
| 4379 | 15003648 | We and others have previously shown that plasmids encoding soluble IL-4 and IL-12 are effective adjuvants for DNA vaccination. |
| 4380 | 15003648 | Plasmids encoding membrane-bound IL-4 or IL-12 strongly costimulate DNA vaccination against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). |
| 4381 | 15003648 | We and others have previously shown that plasmids encoding soluble IL-4 and IL-12 are effective adjuvants for DNA vaccination. |
| 4382 | 15004163 | Nasal Flt3 ligand cDNA elicits CD11c+CD8+ dendritic cells for enhanced mucosal immunity. |
| 4383 | 15004163 | In addition, significant levels of OVA-specific CD4+ T cell proliferative responses and OVA-induced IL-4 and IL-2 production were noted in spleen and cervical lymph nodes. |
| 4384 | 15004163 | Further, marked increases in FL protein occurred in the nasal lamina propria and submandibular glands and the frequencies of CD11c+CD8+ dendritic cells (DCs) significantly increased in the mucosal tissues. |
| 4385 | 15004163 | Moreover, these DCs expressed high levels of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class II molecules. |
| 4386 | 15004184 | In response to leishmanial Ag stimulation, cells from lpg2--infected mice produced minimal levels of IL-4 and IL-10, as well as very low levels of IFN-gamma. |
| 4387 | 15010829 | DCs were generated from the patients' autologous monocyte-enriched fractions of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 4388 | 15013994 | Three ophthalmic sponges, Weck-Cel, Ultracell, and Merocel, were loaded in vitro with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), immunoglobulin A (IgA), or IgG, and sponges were extracted and evaluated for total recovery by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 4389 | 15013994 | There was excellent (>75%) recovery for all immune markers from all three devices except for IL-6, which was poorly recovered (<60%) for all sponge types, IFN-gamma, which was poorly recovered from both Weck-Cel and Ultracell sponges but was completely recovered from Merocel sponges, and IL-4, which was poorly recovered from Weck-Cel sponges but was completely recovered from Ultracell or Merocel sponges. |
| 4390 | 15013994 | We then compared the absolute recovery of selected markers (IL-10, IL-12, IgG, and IgA) from cervical secretion specimens collected from women using each type of sponge. |
| 4391 | 15013994 | There were no significant differences in the recoveries of IL-10, IL-12, and IgG from cervical specimens collected by any type of ophthalmic sponge, but there was reduced IgA recovery from Merocel sponges. |
| 4392 | 15013994 | We infer from our data that the three collection devices are adequate for the measurements of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IgG. |
| 4393 | 15013994 | Merocel may be a better ophthalmic sponge for the collection of cervical secretions and measurements of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, and IFN-gamma, but our data from clinical specimens, not in vitro-loaded sponges, suggested the possibility of reduced recovery of IgA. |
| 4394 | 15013994 | Three ophthalmic sponges, Weck-Cel, Ultracell, and Merocel, were loaded in vitro with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), immunoglobulin A (IgA), or IgG, and sponges were extracted and evaluated for total recovery by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 4395 | 15013994 | There was excellent (>75%) recovery for all immune markers from all three devices except for IL-6, which was poorly recovered (<60%) for all sponge types, IFN-gamma, which was poorly recovered from both Weck-Cel and Ultracell sponges but was completely recovered from Merocel sponges, and IL-4, which was poorly recovered from Weck-Cel sponges but was completely recovered from Ultracell or Merocel sponges. |
| 4396 | 15013994 | We then compared the absolute recovery of selected markers (IL-10, IL-12, IgG, and IgA) from cervical secretion specimens collected from women using each type of sponge. |
| 4397 | 15013994 | There were no significant differences in the recoveries of IL-10, IL-12, and IgG from cervical specimens collected by any type of ophthalmic sponge, but there was reduced IgA recovery from Merocel sponges. |
| 4398 | 15013994 | We infer from our data that the three collection devices are adequate for the measurements of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IgG. |
| 4399 | 15013994 | Merocel may be a better ophthalmic sponge for the collection of cervical secretions and measurements of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, and IFN-gamma, but our data from clinical specimens, not in vitro-loaded sponges, suggested the possibility of reduced recovery of IgA. |
| 4400 | 15013994 | Three ophthalmic sponges, Weck-Cel, Ultracell, and Merocel, were loaded in vitro with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), immunoglobulin A (IgA), or IgG, and sponges were extracted and evaluated for total recovery by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 4401 | 15013994 | There was excellent (>75%) recovery for all immune markers from all three devices except for IL-6, which was poorly recovered (<60%) for all sponge types, IFN-gamma, which was poorly recovered from both Weck-Cel and Ultracell sponges but was completely recovered from Merocel sponges, and IL-4, which was poorly recovered from Weck-Cel sponges but was completely recovered from Ultracell or Merocel sponges. |
| 4402 | 15013994 | We then compared the absolute recovery of selected markers (IL-10, IL-12, IgG, and IgA) from cervical secretion specimens collected from women using each type of sponge. |
| 4403 | 15013994 | There were no significant differences in the recoveries of IL-10, IL-12, and IgG from cervical specimens collected by any type of ophthalmic sponge, but there was reduced IgA recovery from Merocel sponges. |
| 4404 | 15013994 | We infer from our data that the three collection devices are adequate for the measurements of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IgG. |
| 4405 | 15013994 | Merocel may be a better ophthalmic sponge for the collection of cervical secretions and measurements of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, and IFN-gamma, but our data from clinical specimens, not in vitro-loaded sponges, suggested the possibility of reduced recovery of IgA. |
| 4406 | 15015780 | Subcutaneous vaccination using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-transduced glioma cells substantially prolongs survival in the mouse GL261 glioma model. |
| 4407 | 15015780 | To potentiate the efficacy of GM-CSF-based vaccination, syngeneic C57BL/6 mice bearing pre-implanted intracerebral GL261 gliomas were vaccinated twice subcutaneously with various combinations of glioma cells retrovirally engineered to release GM-CSF, interleukin (IL)-4 or macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha. |
| 4408 | 15015780 | More than 80% of the animals vaccinated with GM-CSF-secreting or GM-CSF- and IL-4-secreting cells were long-term survivors (> 120 days). |
| 4409 | 15015780 | The combination of IL-4 with GM-CSF did not provide a survival advantage over GM-CSF alone, regardless of whether the animals carried a small or large intracranial tumor load. |
| 4410 | 15015780 | Further, when the animals were vaccinated with a mixture of GM-CSF-, IL-4- and MIP-1alpha-secreting cells, the median survival was 37 days, and only 22% of the animals in this group were long-term survivors, similar to the vaccination effect of non-modified glioma cells. |
| 4411 | 15015780 | Thus, unexpectedly, the co-expression of MIP-1alpha, which was meant to attract T cells for stimulation by GM-CSF- and IL-4-stimulated dendritic cells, nullified the induction of an immune response against the GL261 glioma by a GM-CSF- and IL-4-expressing subcutaneous vaccine. |
| 4412 | 15015780 | Subcutaneous vaccination using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-transduced glioma cells substantially prolongs survival in the mouse GL261 glioma model. |
| 4413 | 15015780 | To potentiate the efficacy of GM-CSF-based vaccination, syngeneic C57BL/6 mice bearing pre-implanted intracerebral GL261 gliomas were vaccinated twice subcutaneously with various combinations of glioma cells retrovirally engineered to release GM-CSF, interleukin (IL)-4 or macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha. |
| 4414 | 15015780 | More than 80% of the animals vaccinated with GM-CSF-secreting or GM-CSF- and IL-4-secreting cells were long-term survivors (> 120 days). |
| 4415 | 15015780 | The combination of IL-4 with GM-CSF did not provide a survival advantage over GM-CSF alone, regardless of whether the animals carried a small or large intracranial tumor load. |
| 4416 | 15015780 | Further, when the animals were vaccinated with a mixture of GM-CSF-, IL-4- and MIP-1alpha-secreting cells, the median survival was 37 days, and only 22% of the animals in this group were long-term survivors, similar to the vaccination effect of non-modified glioma cells. |
| 4417 | 15015780 | Thus, unexpectedly, the co-expression of MIP-1alpha, which was meant to attract T cells for stimulation by GM-CSF- and IL-4-stimulated dendritic cells, nullified the induction of an immune response against the GL261 glioma by a GM-CSF- and IL-4-expressing subcutaneous vaccine. |
| 4418 | 15015780 | Subcutaneous vaccination using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-transduced glioma cells substantially prolongs survival in the mouse GL261 glioma model. |
| 4419 | 15015780 | To potentiate the efficacy of GM-CSF-based vaccination, syngeneic C57BL/6 mice bearing pre-implanted intracerebral GL261 gliomas were vaccinated twice subcutaneously with various combinations of glioma cells retrovirally engineered to release GM-CSF, interleukin (IL)-4 or macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha. |
| 4420 | 15015780 | More than 80% of the animals vaccinated with GM-CSF-secreting or GM-CSF- and IL-4-secreting cells were long-term survivors (> 120 days). |
| 4421 | 15015780 | The combination of IL-4 with GM-CSF did not provide a survival advantage over GM-CSF alone, regardless of whether the animals carried a small or large intracranial tumor load. |
| 4422 | 15015780 | Further, when the animals were vaccinated with a mixture of GM-CSF-, IL-4- and MIP-1alpha-secreting cells, the median survival was 37 days, and only 22% of the animals in this group were long-term survivors, similar to the vaccination effect of non-modified glioma cells. |
| 4423 | 15015780 | Thus, unexpectedly, the co-expression of MIP-1alpha, which was meant to attract T cells for stimulation by GM-CSF- and IL-4-stimulated dendritic cells, nullified the induction of an immune response against the GL261 glioma by a GM-CSF- and IL-4-expressing subcutaneous vaccine. |
| 4424 | 15015780 | Subcutaneous vaccination using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-transduced glioma cells substantially prolongs survival in the mouse GL261 glioma model. |
| 4425 | 15015780 | To potentiate the efficacy of GM-CSF-based vaccination, syngeneic C57BL/6 mice bearing pre-implanted intracerebral GL261 gliomas were vaccinated twice subcutaneously with various combinations of glioma cells retrovirally engineered to release GM-CSF, interleukin (IL)-4 or macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha. |
| 4426 | 15015780 | More than 80% of the animals vaccinated with GM-CSF-secreting or GM-CSF- and IL-4-secreting cells were long-term survivors (> 120 days). |
| 4427 | 15015780 | The combination of IL-4 with GM-CSF did not provide a survival advantage over GM-CSF alone, regardless of whether the animals carried a small or large intracranial tumor load. |
| 4428 | 15015780 | Further, when the animals were vaccinated with a mixture of GM-CSF-, IL-4- and MIP-1alpha-secreting cells, the median survival was 37 days, and only 22% of the animals in this group were long-term survivors, similar to the vaccination effect of non-modified glioma cells. |
| 4429 | 15015780 | Thus, unexpectedly, the co-expression of MIP-1alpha, which was meant to attract T cells for stimulation by GM-CSF- and IL-4-stimulated dendritic cells, nullified the induction of an immune response against the GL261 glioma by a GM-CSF- and IL-4-expressing subcutaneous vaccine. |
| 4430 | 15015780 | Subcutaneous vaccination using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-transduced glioma cells substantially prolongs survival in the mouse GL261 glioma model. |
| 4431 | 15015780 | To potentiate the efficacy of GM-CSF-based vaccination, syngeneic C57BL/6 mice bearing pre-implanted intracerebral GL261 gliomas were vaccinated twice subcutaneously with various combinations of glioma cells retrovirally engineered to release GM-CSF, interleukin (IL)-4 or macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha. |
| 4432 | 15015780 | More than 80% of the animals vaccinated with GM-CSF-secreting or GM-CSF- and IL-4-secreting cells were long-term survivors (> 120 days). |
| 4433 | 15015780 | The combination of IL-4 with GM-CSF did not provide a survival advantage over GM-CSF alone, regardless of whether the animals carried a small or large intracranial tumor load. |
| 4434 | 15015780 | Further, when the animals were vaccinated with a mixture of GM-CSF-, IL-4- and MIP-1alpha-secreting cells, the median survival was 37 days, and only 22% of the animals in this group were long-term survivors, similar to the vaccination effect of non-modified glioma cells. |
| 4435 | 15015780 | Thus, unexpectedly, the co-expression of MIP-1alpha, which was meant to attract T cells for stimulation by GM-CSF- and IL-4-stimulated dendritic cells, nullified the induction of an immune response against the GL261 glioma by a GM-CSF- and IL-4-expressing subcutaneous vaccine. |
| 4436 | 15016855 | Interestingly, one animal that was completely protected from infection had the strongest IFN-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2) responses prior to challenge, in addition to very strong IL-4 responses to Gag and Env. |
| 4437 | 15016857 | Role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 in serum immunoglobulin G antibody responses following mucosal or systemic reovirus infection. |
| 4438 | 15016857 | However, we observed that mRNA for the T helper 2 cytokine IL-10 was suppressed in the Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes and IL-4 mRNA was suppressed in the mesenteric lymph nodes compared to noninfected controls, following oral infection. |
| 4439 | 15016857 | Role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 in serum immunoglobulin G antibody responses following mucosal or systemic reovirus infection. |
| 4440 | 15016857 | However, we observed that mRNA for the T helper 2 cytokine IL-10 was suppressed in the Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes and IL-4 mRNA was suppressed in the mesenteric lymph nodes compared to noninfected controls, following oral infection. |
| 4441 | 15039330 | Intraspleen delivery of a DNA vaccine coding for superoxide dismutase (SOD) of Brucella abortus induces SOD-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 4442 | 15039330 | Animals vaccinated with pcDNA-SOD did not develop SOD-specific antibodies, at least until week 4 after immunization (the end of the experiment), and in vitro stimulation of their splenocytes with either recombinant Cu-Zn SOD or crude Brucella protein induced the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), but not interleukin-4, and elicited the induction of cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activity. |
| 4443 | 15039330 | Upon analyzing the SOD-specific T-cell responses, the pcDNA-SOD vaccination was found to be stimulating both CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell populations. |
| 4444 | 15039330 | However, only the CD4(+) population was able to produce IFN-gamma and only the CD8(+) population was able to induce cytotoxic activity. |
| 4445 | 15039330 | Based on these results, we conclude that i.s. immunization with pcDNA-SOD vaccine efficiently induced a Th1 type of immune response and a protective response that could be related to IFN-gamma production and cytotoxic activity against infected cells by SOD-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, respectively. |
| 4446 | 15045561 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from vaccinated macaques were stimulated with inactivated viral particles for 24 h, and the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was determined by ELISA and flow cytometry. |
| 4447 | 15047852 | For this study, we used DNA-based immunizations to elicit gamma interferon-producing (Tc1) or interleukin 4 (IL-4)-producing (Tc2) CD8 T cells to the influenza virus nucleoprotein. |
| 4448 | 15057902 | Further associations were observed with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the IL2 and IL4 loci along with insertion/deletion variants at the IL12B locus (P =.003-.01). |
| 4449 | 15057902 | Host genetic associations were independent of one another as well as other HLA (A, B, C, and DQB1) and cytokine gene (IL4R, IL6, IL10, and TNF) variants. |
| 4450 | 15061718 | Unlike humans, the blastogenic as well as cytokine responses (IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4) to Con A was considerably higher as compared to PHA. |
| 4451 | 15064826 | Resistance in visceral leishmaniasis involves both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and IL-12, the latter in a mechanism independent of IFN-gamma and linked to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta production. |
| 4452 | 15064826 | Susceptibility involves IL-10 but not IL-4, and B cells. |
| 4453 | 15064826 | In immune animals, upon re-infection, the elements involved in resistance are different, i.e., CD8+ T cells and IL-2. |
| 4454 | 15064826 | Interactions of the co-stimulatory molecule family B7-CTLA-4 leading to increased level of TGF-beta as well as apoptosis of CD4+ T cells and inhibition of macrophage apoptosis by Leishmania infection are other components participating in immunosuppression. |
| 4455 | 15068861 | In contrast, mice vaccinated with sgp120-mC3d-DNA had splenocytes that secreted both IL-4 and interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) indicating a mixed T helper response. |
| 4456 | 15068864 | Imiquimod was found to increase the number and maturation status of dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes, and to enhance antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses, as assessed by analyses of clonal expansion, and the quantity and kinetics of cytokine production from these cells in lymph nodes and spleens collected after vaccination. |
| 4457 | 15068864 | A more substantial increase in IFN-gamma-producing, compared with IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells suggested that imiquimod biased the immune response towards a predominance of Th1 cells. |
| 4458 | 15076142 | Phase I trial of antigen-specific gene therapy using a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding MUC-1 and IL-2 in MUC-1-positive patients with advanced prostate cancer. |
| 4459 | 15076142 | The purpose of this phase 1 clinical trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose, safety of a multiple-dose regimen, and the immunologic effect of vaccinia virus expressing MUC-1 and IL-2 genes (VV/MUC-1/IL-2) in patients with advanced prostate cancer. |
| 4460 | 15076142 | Systemic immune modulation in this patient included (1) up-regulation of IL-2 (CD25) and T cell (TcR alphabeta) receptors, (2) increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio (2.5-fold) (3) augmentation of T-helper type 1 cell (TH1) (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) but not TH2 (IL-4) cytokine mRNA expression, (4) induction of natural killer cell activity and MHC independent MUC-1 specific cytotoxic T-cell activity, and (5) normalization of mRNA expression of T-cell-associated signal transduction molecules TcR-zeta and p56lck. |
| 4461 | 15076142 | These results suggest that VV/MUC-1/IL-2 gene therapy with a maximum tolerated dose of 5 x 10(7) pfu is safe and well tolerated. |
| 4462 | 15083197 | We constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing the full-length cDNA of HCA661 gene and then transduced immature DCs, which had been generated with GM-CSF and IL-4 from peripheral blood mononuclear cell of HLA-A2(+) healthy donors. |
| 4463 | 15083197 | The resulting adenovirus-transduced DCs differentiated in the presence of monocyte-conditioned medium and poly [I] : poly [C], expressing the surface markers of mature DCs, including CD83, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR. |
| 4464 | 15099757 | Dendritic cell-like cells (Mo-DCs) generated from peripheral blood monocytes with interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been used as tools to treat cancer patients (DC-vaccines). |
| 4465 | 15099757 | In addition, we collected Mo-DCs from the collagen gels by collagenase treatment and analyzed the expression of antigen presentation-related molecules such as HLA-DR, CD80, CD83, and CD86 on Mo-DCs. |
| 4466 | 15115073 | The expression of SjC23 and p35, p40 in muscle tissue was determined by immunohistochemical method. |
| 4467 | 15115073 | By culture of spleen cells, the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma with the stimulation of specific antigen of the recombinant hydrophilic domain of SjC23 (rSjC23-HD) was determined after the last immunization (before challenge). |
| 4468 | 15115073 | The results showed that SjC23 and p35, p40 of mouse IL-12 were expressed on the membrane and in the plasma of the muscle cells of immunized C57BL/6 mice. |
| 4469 | 15115073 | A rise of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the SjC23 group and SjC23+IL-12 group was observed; No changes were found in IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 4470 | 15115073 | The expression of SjC23 and p35, p40 in muscle tissue was determined by immunohistochemical method. |
| 4471 | 15115073 | By culture of spleen cells, the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma with the stimulation of specific antigen of the recombinant hydrophilic domain of SjC23 (rSjC23-HD) was determined after the last immunization (before challenge). |
| 4472 | 15115073 | The results showed that SjC23 and p35, p40 of mouse IL-12 were expressed on the membrane and in the plasma of the muscle cells of immunized C57BL/6 mice. |
| 4473 | 15115073 | A rise of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the SjC23 group and SjC23+IL-12 group was observed; No changes were found in IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 4474 | 15122523 | Increased pulmonary expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 mRNA and aggravated alveolitis and hypertrophy of mucus-producing cells were observed only when OVA-sensitized mice were inoculated with RSV shortly before or during challenge with OVA. |
| 4475 | 15122754 | HCs upregulate surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and CD1d but not MHC class II molecules Qa-1, CD80, CD86, CD54, or CD95; in addition, they expressed/secreted interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 but not IL-1, IL-6, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-4, or IL-27 (i.e., they acquire the HC* phenotype). |
| 4476 | 15122754 | HCs* (but not HCs) induced specific activation, proliferation, and IFN-gamma, TNF, and IL-13 release of cocultured naïve CD8(+) T cells. |
| 4477 | 15122754 | Only recently activated CD8(+) T blasts (but not recently activated CD4(+) T blasts or activated cells of the innate immune system, including natural killer T [NKT] cells) induced the HC* phenotype that is prominent from day 10 to day 20 postvaccination (i.e., time points at which peak numbers of recently primed CD8(+) T blasts are found in the liver). |
| 4478 | 15146294 | Primed DCs were assessed by the in vitro activation of B3Z OVA-specific CD8 T cells and the proliferation of OVA-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells from OT-I and OT-II TCR transgenic mice, respectively. |
| 4479 | 15146294 | Quantification of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha by cytometric bead array (CBA) assay determined the polarization of TH1/TH2 responses, whereas H-2 Kb/SIINFEKL tetramers monitored the expansion of OVA-specific T cells. |
| 4480 | 15146294 | The hybrids also induced the most potent CTLs, offered the highest protection against established EG7 tumors and also induced the highest stimulation of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production. |
| 4481 | 15147040 | These analyses revealed that the expansion of antigen specific CD8+T cells is the most effective when T cells were activated by fully maturated DCs by culturing monocytes for 5 days in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, followed by 2-3 days of maturation with pro-inflammatory mediators including TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and PGE2. |
| 4482 | 15147576 | Modulation of immune responses to bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle by immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding glycoprotein D as a fusion protein with bovine CD154. |
| 4483 | 15147576 | The objective of this study was to determine whether a DNA vaccine encoding bovine CD154 linked to a truncated version of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein D (tgD-CD154) induces enhanced tgD-specific immune responses in cattle. |
| 4484 | 15147576 | In vitro characterization demonstrated that tgD and tgD-CD154 both bind to cultured bovine B cells, whereas only tgD-CD154 induces interleukin-4-dependent proliferation, suggesting that tgD-CD154 specifically binds the CD40 receptor and induces receptor signalling. |
| 4485 | 15148527 | This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: ABI-007, adalimumab, adefovir dipivoxil, alefacept, alemtuzumab, 3-AP, AP-12009, APC-8015, L-Arginine hydrochloride, aripiprazole, arundic acid, avasimibe; Bevacizumab, bivatuzumab, BMS-181176, BMS-184476, BMS-188797, bortezomib, bosentan, botulinum toxin type B, BQ-123, BRL-55730, bryostatin 1; CEP-1347, cetuximab, cinacalcet hydrochloride, CP-461, CpG-7909; D-003, dabuzalgron hydrochloride, darbepoetin alfa, desloratadine, desoxyepothilone B, dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, DHA-paclitaxel, diflomotecan, DN-101, DP-b99, drotrecogin alfa (activated), duloxetine hydrochloride, duramycin; Eculizumab, Efalizumab, EKB-569, elcometrine, enfuvirtide, eplerenone, erlotinib hydrochloride, ertapenem sodium, eszopiclone, everolimus, exatecan mesilate, ezetimibe; Fenretinide, fosamprenavir calcium, frovatriptan; GD2L-KLH conjugate vaccine, gefitinib, glufosfamide, GTI-2040; Hexyl insulin M2, human insulin, hydroquinone, gamma-Hydroxybutyrate sodium; IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL, imatinib mesylate, indisulam, inhaled insulin, ixabepilone; KRN-5500; LY-544344; MDX-210, melatonin, mepolizumab, motexafin gadolinium; Natalizumab, NSC-330507, NSC-683864; 1-Octanol, omalizumab, ortataxel; Pagoclone, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, pemetrexed disodium, phenoxodiol, pimecrolimus, plevitrexed, polyphenon E, pramlintide acetate, prasterone, pregabalin, PX-12; QS-21; Ragaglitazar, ranelic acid distrontium salt, RDP-58, recombinant glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide, repinotan hydrochloride, rhEndostatin, rh-Lactoferrin, (R)-roscovitine; S-8184, semaxanib, sitafloxacin hydrate, sitaxsentan sodium, sorafenib, synthadotin; Tadalafil, tesmilifene hydrochloride, theratope, tipifarnib, tirapazamine, topixantrone hydrochloride, trabectedin, traxoprodil, Tri-Luma; Valdecoxib, valganciclovir hydrochloride, vinflunine; Ximelagatran; Ziconotide. |
| 4486 | 15158774 | Adult-like in vitro cytotoxicity against hRSV-infected targets and precursor cytotoxic T cell frequencies were observed within one week of neonatal priming and hRSV-ISCOM A-primed neonates showed virtually complete protection against subsequent viral challenge. hRSV challenge was associated with some pulmonary eosinophilia in both age groups, with higher IL-4 production by lung CD4+ T cells in mice primed as neonates. |
| 4487 | 15161079 | To examine the effects of cytokine environment at the time of antigenic exposure on T-cell cytokine profiles following T-cell-antigen presenting cell (APC) interaction, pig monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) were treated with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) or killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) alone or with a recombinant pig cytokine (TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma or IL-6) and then incubated with autologous T-cell-enriched lymphocytes. |
| 4488 | 15161079 | Messenger RNA was isolated from the T-cells and used to evaluate the effects of treatment on IL-12p35, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 expression using RT-PCR. |
| 4489 | 15161079 | T-cells exposed to HEWL-treated mDCs expressed high IL-13 and moderate IL-10 and IFN-gamma, suggesting T-helper 2 (Th-2) bias. |
| 4490 | 15161079 | Addition of any cytokine during HEWL treatment of mDCs reduced subsequent expression of IL-10 and IL-13 by T-cells. |
| 4491 | 15161079 | Added IL-12 increased IFN-gamma mRNA. |
| 4492 | 15161079 | T-cells exposed to Mtb-treated mDCs expressed increased IFN-gamma and decreased IL-10 suggesting Th-1 bias. |
| 4493 | 15161079 | Addition of cytokines to mDCs treated with Mtb altered T-cell cytokine mRNA expression such that TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma or IL-12 increased IFN-gamma; IL-12 and IFN-gamma suppressed IL-10, while IL-10 and IL-12 enhanced IL-13. |
| 4494 | 15162431 | Similar to naive CD4 T cells, Thpp cells expressed IL-2 but not the cytokines characteristic of differentiated Th1 or Th2 cells, such as IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-5. |
| 4495 | 15162431 | However, Thpp, Th1 and Th2 cells, but not naive cells, expressed several CC chemokines including CCL1/TCA3, CCL5/RANTES, CCL3/MIP-1 alpha, CCL4/MIP-1 beta, and CCL9/MIP-1 gamma. |
| 4496 | 15162438 | RNA interference technology has been used to modulate dendritic cell (DC) function by targeting the expression of genes such as IL-12 and NF-kappa B. |
| 4497 | 15162438 | Inhibition of IL-10 by siRNA was accompanied by increased CD40 expression and IL-12 production after maturation, which endowed DC with the ability to significantly enhance allogeneic T cell proliferation. |
| 4498 | 15162438 | IL-10 siRNA transfection did not affect MHC class II, CD86, CD83, or CD54 expression in mature DC. |
| 4499 | 15162438 | To further test the ability of IL-10 siRNA-treated DC to induce a T cell response, naive CD4 T cells were stimulated by autologous DC pulsed with KLH. |
| 4500 | 15162438 | The results indicated that IL-10 siRNA-transfected DC enhanced Th1 responses by increasing IFN-gamma and decreasing IL-4 production. |
| 4501 | 15173014 | Immunoprevention of HER-2/neu transgenic mammary carcinoma through an interleukin 12-engineered allogeneic cell vaccine. |
| 4502 | 15173014 | Repeated vaccinations with cells engineered to release interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-15, or IFN-gamma showed that IL-12-engineered cell vaccines had the most powerful immunopreventive activity, with >80% of 1-year-old BALB-neuT mice free of tumors. |
| 4503 | 15173014 | The IL-12-engineered cell vaccine elicited a high production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 and a strong anti-HER-2/neu antibody response. |
| 4504 | 15173014 | The protection afforded by the IL-12-engineered cell vaccine was equal to that provided by the systemic administration of recombinant IL-12 in combination with HER-2/neu H-2(q) cell vaccine. |
| 4505 | 15173014 | However, IL-12-engineered cell vaccine induced much lower circulating IL-12 and IFN-gamma, and therefore lower potential side effects and systemic toxicity. |
| 4506 | 15181281 | Thus, interleukin-4 (IL-4) is known to induce IL-4 production in T cells; conversely IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are known to induce IFN-gamma production by T cells. |
| 4507 | 15195249 | Notable observations were that the lymphocytes obtained from the vaccinated mice proliferated and secreted mainly interferon- gamma and IgG2a, but not interleukin-4 and IgG1. |
| 4508 | 15198641 | Differences between both groups suggest that in order for 'preimmune' mice to survive a lethal challenge, a predominantly TH2-type response is required, with a higher mRNA expression level of IL-4 and IL-10, and a lower mRNA expression of IFN-gamma. |
| 4509 | 15203922 | Regarding cellular immunity, high levels of IFN-gamma and no IL-4 were detected in primed mouse splenocytes and partial protection against infection was reached in animals vaccinated with the Brucella library compared to the control group. |
| 4510 | 15213150 | In contrast, LTK63, LTR72, and LTwt significantly augmented NadA-specific gamma interferon, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-10 production by spleen and lymph node cells, suggesting that both Th1 and Th2 cells were induced in vivo. |
| 4511 | 15218165 | A series of mutated open reading frames encoding F proteins that lacked the entire pep27, that contained an arbitrarily chosen 23 aa sequence instead of pep27 or in which pep27 was replaced by the amino acid sequences for the bovine cytokines interleukin 2 (boIL2), interleukin 4 (boIL4) or gamma interferon (boIFN-gamma) was constructed. |
| 4512 | 15225293 | BALB/c mice immunized with a total soluble antigen of T. gondii (TSA2) mixed with ODN-containing CpG sequences developed a typical TH1 response, as determined by antibody isotypes and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production by spleen cells. |
| 4513 | 15225296 | To better characterize protective cellular immunity, E. ruminantium-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 recall responses in major T-cell subsets were analysed by flow cytometry during immunization of goats with a killed vaccine and following a virulent challenge. |
| 4514 | 15225296 | The killed vaccine elicited both CD8+ and CD4+ subsets to produce cytoplasmic IFN-gamma in the absence of IL-4, thus indicating a biased T1 response. |
| 4515 | 15225296 | The relative capacity of CD8+ T-cells to produce IFN-gamma was significantly higher than CD4+ T-cells but the final contribution of both subsets was comparable. |
| 4516 | 15225296 | Circulating ER-specific CD4 and CD8 effectors substantially decreased in numbers after the booster injection and could not be detected in most animals during challenge, which warrants further investigation in immune compartments other than blood. |
| 4517 | 15225296 | To better characterize protective cellular immunity, E. ruminantium-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 recall responses in major T-cell subsets were analysed by flow cytometry during immunization of goats with a killed vaccine and following a virulent challenge. |
| 4518 | 15225296 | The killed vaccine elicited both CD8+ and CD4+ subsets to produce cytoplasmic IFN-gamma in the absence of IL-4, thus indicating a biased T1 response. |
| 4519 | 15225296 | The relative capacity of CD8+ T-cells to produce IFN-gamma was significantly higher than CD4+ T-cells but the final contribution of both subsets was comparable. |
| 4520 | 15225296 | Circulating ER-specific CD4 and CD8 effectors substantially decreased in numbers after the booster injection and could not be detected in most animals during challenge, which warrants further investigation in immune compartments other than blood. |
| 4521 | 15240755 | We found that monocytes infected with BCG differentiate into CD1a- DCs (BCG-DCs) in the presence of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)-4 and acquired a mature phenotype in the absence of maturation stimuli. |
| 4522 | 15240755 | In addition, BCG-DCs produced proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6) and IL-10 but not IL-12. |
| 4523 | 15242811 | Human monocytes were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days, followed by another 2 days in the presence of M1, M4 or TNF-alpha as a maturation stimulus. |
| 4524 | 15242811 | Stimulation with 20 microM of M1 or M4 increased expression level of CD80, CD83 and CD86 as expressed by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and decreased endocytic activity. |
| 4525 | 15242811 | In CTL assay, the production of IFN-gamma and 51Cr release on M4-primed mature DCs was more augmented than of immature DCs or TNF-alpha-primed mature DCs. |
| 4526 | 15242946 | Additionally, coadministration of pCtB enhanced the production of interleukin-2 and gamma interferon by spleen cells but did not affect the production of interleukin-4, suggesting a Th1-type helper response. |
| 4527 | 15253152 | We found that both humoral and Th1-type (high IFN-gamma, low IL-4) cellular responses obtained from the divalent DNA vaccine group were significantly higher than that conferred by BCG. |
| 4528 | 15270734 | Treatment of animals with B. pertussis DNA significantly decreased the Th2 cytokine (interleukins IL-4 and IL-5) concentrations in the airways without increasing Th1 cytokines. |
| 4529 | 15270735 | Notably, there was a reduction in levels of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 produced by systemic Der p 1 reactive CD4(+) Th2 cells on in vitro stimulation as well as in IL-4 and IL-5 levels in BAL fluid. |
| 4530 | 15270841 | However, DNA vaccination encoding microbial or reporter antigens is known to induce specific long-lasting CD4 Th1 and strong cytolytic CD8 T cell responses. |
| 4531 | 15270841 | Simultaneously, DNA immunization induced GAD-specific CD4 T cells secreting interleukin (IL)-4 (P < 0.05) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta (P = 0.03). |
| 4532 | 15270841 | Furthermore, vaccination produced high amounts of Th2 cytokine-related IgG1 (P < 3.10(-3)) and TGF-beta-related IgG2b to GAD (P = 0.015). |
| 4533 | 15270841 | Surprisingly, diabetes onset was correlated positively with Th2-related GAD-specific IgG1 (P < 10(-4)) and TGF-beta-related IgG2b (P < 3.10(-3)). |
| 4534 | 15271379 | We describe the use of a recently developed technique, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, to quantify several Aotus monkey cytokine mRNAs involved in Th1/Th2 responses (IL-4, IL-10, TNF-beta and IFN-gamma). |
| 4535 | 15279716 | Dendritic cells were derived from freshly isolated monocytes after 7 days of culture with IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, pulsed with autologous tumor RNA, and then cryopreserved. |
| 4536 | 15293452 | Spleen cells collected from plasmid-vaccinated BALB/c mice produced PA-specific interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interferon-gamma in vitro. |
| 4537 | 15294176 | We investigated the feasibility of using N-terminal rat neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor overexpressing endogenous p185neu and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of this vaccine by fusion to various cytokine genes, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 4538 | 15294176 | In a therapeutic model, N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine was significantly better than N'-neu DNA vaccine, and N'-neu DNA vaccine was significantly better than control DNA or N'-neu-IL-4 DNA vaccine. |
| 4539 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD8+ T cells completely abolished the therapeutic effects of N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine and N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 4540 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells after tumor implantation had no influence on N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine, but enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 4541 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells or fusion to the IL-2 gene can thus further enhance the therapeutic effects of N'-neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor expressing endogenous p185neu. |
| 4542 | 15294176 | We investigated the feasibility of using N-terminal rat neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor overexpressing endogenous p185neu and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of this vaccine by fusion to various cytokine genes, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 4543 | 15294176 | In a therapeutic model, N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine was significantly better than N'-neu DNA vaccine, and N'-neu DNA vaccine was significantly better than control DNA or N'-neu-IL-4 DNA vaccine. |
| 4544 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD8+ T cells completely abolished the therapeutic effects of N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine and N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 4545 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells after tumor implantation had no influence on N'-neu-IL-2 DNA vaccine, but enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of N'-neu DNA vaccine. |
| 4546 | 15294176 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells or fusion to the IL-2 gene can thus further enhance the therapeutic effects of N'-neu DNA immunization on mouse tumor expressing endogenous p185neu. |
| 4547 | 15294987 | When aged mice were immunized with PV PSVs encoding human IL-2, specific Th cells were generated, producing murine IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. |
| 4548 | 15295005 | In the presence of GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, and/or IL-4, leukemia-derived DC are obtained that display features of immature DC (i-DC). |
| 4549 | 15295005 | Using CD40L as maturating agent, we show that leukemic i-DC can differentiate into cells that fulfill the phenotypic criteria of m-DC and, compared with normal counterparts, are functionally competent in vitro in terms of: 1) production of cytokines that support T cell activation and proliferation and drive Th1 polarization; 2) generation of autologous CD8(+) CTLs and CD4(+) T cells that are MHC-restricted and leukemia-specific; 3) migration from tissues to lymph nodes; 4) amplification of Ag presentation by monocyte attraction; 5) attraction of naive/resting and activated T cells. |
| 4550 | 15312141 | In addition, splenocytes from ISS-ODN but not C-ODN treated mice displayed attenuated OVA-specific interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 but increased interferon-gamma responses. |
| 4551 | 15314040 | Furthermore, the UV-inactivated virion induced regional lymph node T-cell proliferation and significant levels of cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) upon restimulation with inactivated SARS-CoV virion in vitro. |
| 4552 | 15315840 | The latter included the shifting in serum levels of IL4 and IL5 to IL2 suggesting a switching from a T helper 2 (Th2) to a T helper 1 (Th1) subset. |
| 4553 | 15315856 | Nasal immunization of mice with ovalbumin (OVA) plus the Stx1-B or mStx1 induced OVA-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses. |
| 4554 | 15315856 | IgG subclass analysis revealed that mStx1 and Stx1-B as mucosal adjuvants supported Ag-specific IgG1 followed by IgG2b Abs. |
| 4555 | 15315856 | The co-administration of either mStx1 or Stx1-B with OVA enhanced the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 with low IFN-gamma, by OVA-specific CD4+ T cells. |
| 4556 | 15315856 | To better elucidate the mechanisms underlying mStx1's and Stx1-B's adjuvant activity, we next sought to examine whether or not dendritic cells (DC) residing in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue (NALT) were activated by nasal administration of Stx1-B or mStx1. |
| 4557 | 15315856 | We found that mice nasally administered with Stx1-B or mStx1 showed an up-regulation in the expression of CD80, CD86 and especially CD40 on NALT DCs. |
| 4558 | 15315856 | Taken together, these results suggest that non-toxic Stx derivatives could be effective mucosal adjuvants for the induction of Th2-type, CD4+ T cell mediated, antigen-specific mucosal IgA and systemic IgG Ab responses, and that they likely owe their adjuvant activity to the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules including CD80, CD86 and CD40 on NALT DCs. |
| 4559 | 15315860 | We tested the capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 121 health care professionals, including 76 non-responders, to proliferate to four HBV vaccines, examined the proliferating cells' subset, production of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10, and for 22 subjects, the cytokine production genotype. |
| 4560 | 15315861 | However, neither IL-4 nor IL-5 was produced in any of the groups. |
| 4561 | 15317270 | We have investigated the effects of Parietaria-SIT on rhinitis symptoms, BHR to inhaled methacholine, eosinophilic inflammation and cytokine production (interferon gamma and interleukin-4) in the sputum. |
| 4562 | 15319808 | This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: 166Ho-DOTMP 5A8; A-179578, abetimus sodium, adefovir dipivoxil, AGI-1067, AIDSVAX gp120 B/B, AK-602, alefacept alemtuzumab, aliskiren fumarate, ALVAC vCP1433, ALVAC vCP1452, anecortave acetate, arzoxifene hydrochloride, atazanavir sulfate, atlizumab, avasimibe; Binodenoson, BMS-488043; Choriogonadotropin alfa, ciclesonide, COL-1621, CVT-3146, CVT-E002, Cypher; Daptomycin, darbepoetin alfa, darunavir, D-D4FC, deferasirox, desloratadine, desmoteplase, duloxetine hydrochloride, DX-9065a; E-5564, efalizumab, emfilermin, emivirine, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, estradiol acetate, ezetimibe; Frovatriptan; Gallium maltolate, gefitinib; HIV-1 Immunogen, human insulin; Iguratimod, IL-4/IL-13 Trap, imatinib mesylate, inhaled insulin, insulin glargine, irofulven, ISS-1018, ivabradine hydrochloride; Lutropin alfa; Melatonin; Nesiritide; O6-Benzylguanine, omapatrilat, oritavancin, ospemifene; Parecoxib sodium, peginterferon alfa-2a, pexelizumab, pimecrolimus, pirfenidone, pramlintide acetate, prasterone sulfate PT-141; Rasburicase, razaxaban hydrochloride, recombinant malaria vaccine, rhBMP-2/ACS, roflumilast, rosiglitazone maleate/metformin hydrochloride, rotavirus vaccine; SCH-D, sitaxsentan sodium, solifenacin succinate; Targinine hydrochloride, taxus, TER-199, tramadol hydrochloride/acetaminophen; Valdecoxib, valganciclovir hydrochloride, vatalanib succinate, VEG Trap(R1R2); Ximelagatran; Yttrium Y90 Epratuzumab. |
| 4563 | 15322030 | Here we show that, by contrast, maturation-arrested DC in vitro are capable of the successful induction of antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) T-cell responses, antibody responses, and potent protection against lethal blood-stage malaria challenge in vivo. |
| 4564 | 15322030 | Antibody-independent, T-cell- and IL-12-associated protection was observed early after immunization, followed by antibody and IL-4-associated, IFN-gamma-independent protection in long-term studies. |
| 4565 | 15322030 | Here we show that, by contrast, maturation-arrested DC in vitro are capable of the successful induction of antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) T-cell responses, antibody responses, and potent protection against lethal blood-stage malaria challenge in vivo. |
| 4566 | 15322030 | Antibody-independent, T-cell- and IL-12-associated protection was observed early after immunization, followed by antibody and IL-4-associated, IFN-gamma-independent protection in long-term studies. |
| 4567 | 15331695 | Compared to mice immunized with SHIV VLPs alone, mice coimmunized with SHIV VLPs and inactivated influenza virus showed significant increases in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA antibodies specific to the human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein, neutralizing activities, numbers of gamma interferon- and interleukin 4-secreting lymphocytes, and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activities. |
| 4568 | 15342937 | Selective generation of different dendritic cell precursors from CD34+ cells by interleukin-6 and interleukin-3. |
| 4569 | 15342937 | Several cytokines, especially stem cell factor (SCF) and FLT3-ligand (FL), have been identified as essential to produce large numbers of myeloid precursors and even to increase DC yield obtained by the action of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 4570 | 15342937 | We report here that in the absence of serum, SCF, FL, and thrombopoietin (TPO) plus interleukin-6 (IL-6) and SCF, FL, and TPO plus IL-3 were able to generate CD14+CD1a- and CD14- CD1a+ myeloid DC precursors from CD34+ cells, but IL-6 had an inhibitory effect on the generation of CD14- CD1a+ cells. |
| 4571 | 15342937 | Both DC precursors differentiated into mature DCs by GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-alpha, and DCs obtained from both types of culture exhibited equal allostimulatory capacity. |
| 4572 | 15342937 | CD1a+ DCs generated could be identified on the basis of DC-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) expression, a novel C-type lectin receptor expressed on dermal DCs but not on Langerhans cells. |
| 4573 | 15342937 | In addition, the inclusion of IL-3 to the culture medium induced the appearance of CD13- cells that differentiated into plasmacytoid DC (DC2) on the addition of TNF-alpha, allowing the identification of developmental stages of DC2. |
| 4574 | 15356430 | Urinary tract diseases revealed after DTP vaccination in infants and young children: cytokine irregularities and down-regulation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes induced by the vaccine may uncover latent diseases in genetically predisposed subjects. |
| 4575 | 15356430 | It is suggested that the whole-cell pertussis present in DTP vaccine, acting as an excessive stimulus in these patients, produced symptoms reminiscent of biologic responses to circulating proinflammatory monokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 because earlier it was reported that in vitro the whole-cell vaccine induced significantly more such cytokine production than did the acellular pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus-only vaccine. |
| 4576 | 15356430 | Analysis of the cellular immune disturbances previously reported in urinary tract infection/inflammation (increased serum and/or urinary IL-1alpha, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6 and IL-8), steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (increased IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and decreased or increased IL-4, depending on the cells studied), and atopic dermatitis (decreased IFN-gamma and increased IL-4 production), may suggest that similar subclinical chronic cytokine-mediated abnormalities produced in the course of latent diseases revealed in our patients, combined with those caused by DTP vaccination stimulus, were responsible for the pathomechanism of these clinical entities. |
| 4577 | 15356430 | This speculation is in agreement with the reports on the long-lasting induction of cytokine release and down-regulation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme activities after administration of DTP vaccine to mice and may be supported by the fact that TH1 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and RANTES, whereas TH2 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of the vascular cell adhesion molecule and P-selectin, which are key players in the migration into inflamed tissues and localization of lymphocytes and other allergic effector and inflammatory cells. |
| 4578 | 15356430 | Because several inflammatory cytokines down-regulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 and/or other enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, thus affecting the metabolism of several endogenous lipophilic substances such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and exogenous substances, their irregularities in the body may eventually lead to the flare of latent diseases in some predisposed subjects. |
| 4579 | 15356430 | Also, interleukin genetic polymorphisms, especially the constellation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 genetic variants, might predispose some infants with infection to a more than usually intense inflammatory response in the kidneys after vaccination. |
| 4580 | 15357215 | There was a preferential production of IFN-gamma compared to IL-4, which indicated the induction of a protective Th1 response, by the DNA vaccine. |
| 4581 | 15359643 | Peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes from multiple myeloma (MM) patients can be induced to differentiate into fully functional, mature, CD83+ dendritic cells (DCs) which are highly efficient in priming autologous T lymphocytes in response to the patient-specific tumor idiotype (Id). |
| 4582 | 15359643 | Cells were then cultured, according to Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines, in FCS-free medium in cell culture bags, and differentiated to DCs with GM-CSF plus IL-4 followed by TNF-alpha or, more recently, by a cocktail of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and prostaglandin-E2. |
| 4583 | 15359643 | Notably, the cytokine cocktail induced a significantly higher percentage and yield (31+/-10.9 of initial CD14+ cells) of DCs than TNF-alpha alone, secretion of larger amounts of IL-12, potent stimulatory activity on allogeneic and autologous T cells. |
| 4584 | 15364433 | In a first stage, the immune response elicited by the intramuscular injection of a mixture of four plasmid DNAs, encoding the L. infantum histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, was determined in BALB/c mice. |
| 4585 | 15364433 | It was found that the immunized animals developed a specific Th1 immune response, which was associated with an antigen-specific production of interferon (IFN-gamma) and a limited humoral response against histones (dominated by antibodies of the IgG2a isotype). |
| 4586 | 15364433 | The protection in mice vaccinated with histone-DNAs was associated with a low humoral response against leishmanial antigens, an enhanced IFN-gamma production and little, if any, IL-4 production. |
| 4587 | 15364433 | The relative contribution of both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells to the IFN-gamma production, and the IL-12 dependence were also evaluated. |
| 4588 | 15364433 | All these data indicated that DNA vaccination with Leishmania histones genes results in a specific Th1-like response during L. major infection, and that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contribute to the resistance of vaccinated mice to cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| 4589 | 15364448 | We demonstrate a strong positive association between TT-specific cellular immunity as evidenced by increased IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 responses, and maternal TT-specific IgG. |
| 4590 | 15385477 | Lymphocytes from animals in the PvMSP-1(42)- and PvMSP-1(19)-immunized groups showed proliferative responses upon stimulation with the respective antigens, and high levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and gamma interferon were detected in the culture supernatants. |
| 4591 | 15385926 | Real-time PCR confirmed higher expression of genes for IL-2 and IFN-gamma in T cells stimulated with Apo-DC. |
| 4592 | 15385926 | Concurrently, no IL-10 and low IL-4 responses indicated that the immune response was primarily of the Th1 type. |
| 4593 | 15456623 | The cytokine profile (interleukin [IL]-4, 5, 10 and 2, interferon [IFN-gamma], and tumor necrosis factor [TNF-alpha]) was determined before the start of treatment and at the end of follow-up (4-5 months). |
| 4594 | 15456623 | Levels of IL-4, 5 and 10 (Th2 profile) decreased while those of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha (Th1 profile) decreased. |
| 4595 | 15456623 | The cytokine profile (interleukin [IL]-4, 5, 10 and 2, interferon [IFN-gamma], and tumor necrosis factor [TNF-alpha]) was determined before the start of treatment and at the end of follow-up (4-5 months). |
| 4596 | 15456623 | Levels of IL-4, 5 and 10 (Th2 profile) decreased while those of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha (Th1 profile) decreased. |
| 4597 | 15458778 | Stat 6(-/-) mice which are unable to utilise the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 and so should have reduced IgG1 responses were utilised in order to determine whether an immune system biased towards the type 1 axis could mount an effective response to the vaccine. |
| 4598 | 15474968 | Human monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) generated in vitro in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 are regarded equivalent to immature DC. |
| 4599 | 15482515 | Spontaneous interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production from duodenal specimens were measured, and the inflammatory cells were quantitated in specimens from different sections of the GI tract. |
| 4600 | 15482515 | Administration of BCG simultaneously with BLG resulted in reduced IgE concentration in serum, while the specific IgG(1) and IgG(2a) antibody responses and the spontaneous secretion of IL-4 and IFN-gamma were not affected. |
| 4601 | 15482515 | Spontaneous interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production from duodenal specimens were measured, and the inflammatory cells were quantitated in specimens from different sections of the GI tract. |
| 4602 | 15482515 | Administration of BCG simultaneously with BLG resulted in reduced IgE concentration in serum, while the specific IgG(1) and IgG(2a) antibody responses and the spontaneous secretion of IL-4 and IFN-gamma were not affected. |
| 4603 | 15482516 | Interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma measured in the supernatant of stimulated cultured blood mononuclear cells did not change in the BCG group (10.8 +/- 2.3 vs. 17.9 +/- 5.7 pg/ml, and 348.6 +/- 118.0 vs. 354.8 +/- 139.0 pg/ml, respectively), while in the control group IL-4 increased (from 6.7 +/- 1.3 to 16.1 +/- 6.0 pg/ml, p < 0.05), and IFN-gamma decreased (from 279.9 +/- 82.1 to 232.1 +/- 109.6 pg/ml, p = 0.01). |
| 4604 | 15494483 | We used 12-color flow cytometry to characterize Ag-specific T cells elicited by vaccines or natural infection to determine lineage and differentiation status as well as the capacity to produce four cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, and IL-4) and a chemokine (MIP1beta). |
| 4605 | 15496383 | Anti-CD3 stimulation of reconstituted T-cells showed 'mean' levels of CD4 and CD25 were enhanced by 34.5 and 31.1 % in immunized mice, which was comparable to 53.2 and 50.7 %, respectively, in challenged-immunized mice, and were dominant over CD8+ T-cells. |
| 4606 | 15496383 | Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and IL4 responses during anti-CD3 stimulation of immunized mice indicated that the role of anti-CD3 in generation of O2- is due to a synergistic effect by Th1 subsets of Th0 cells. |
| 4607 | 15496603 | FN had higher numbers and percentages of memory/effector (M/E) cytotoxic/suppressor (CD45R0(+)CD8(+), RMA) T, Fas(+) M/E (CD45R0(+)CD95(+)CD3(+), 6 mo) T, and CD56(+)CD16(-) NK cells (CD56(+)CD16(-)CD3(-)CD8(-), 12 mo), and higher percentages of M/E helper (CD45R0(+)CD4(+), RMA) T, Tc1 (IFN gamma(+)CD4(-)CD3(+), RMA), total interferon (IFN)gamma T (IFN gamma(+)CD4(+/-)CD3(+), RMA), Th2 (IL-4(+)CD4(+)CD3(+), 7 mo), and CD57(+) NK-T cells (CD57(+)CD56(-)CD3(+), 6 mo, 7 mo) compared with F. |
| 4608 | 15496603 | Percentages of naive helper T (CD45RA(+)CD4(+), 12 mo) and numbers and percentages of CD56(+) NK-T cells (CD56(+)CD16(-)CD3(+)CD8(-), 2 mo, 6 mo) were lower in FN than F. |
| 4609 | 15496603 | Percentages of M/E cytotoxic/suppressor, Th2, and CD56(+)CD16(-) NK cells in FN were significantly higher than F but were not different from HMF, whereas F was significantly lower than HMF. |
| 4610 | 15523692 | Unmasking immunosurveillance against a syngeneic colon cancer by elimination of CD4+ NKT regulatory cells and IL-13. |
| 4611 | 15523692 | Here, we investigated whether hidden spontaneous antitumor immunosurveillance, in the absence of a vaccine, could be revealed by disruption of this negative regulatory pathway involving CD4+ NKT cells and interleukin-13 (IL-13), in a murine pulmonary metastasis model of a nontransfected, nonregressor, syngeneic tumor, the CT26 colon carcinoma. |
| 4612 | 15523692 | CD1-knock out (CD1-KO) mice, which have conventional CD4+ T cells and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells but lack CD1-restricted CD4+ NKT cells, were significantly resistant to lung metastasis of CT26. |
| 4613 | 15523692 | CD8+ T cells were found to act as effectors in antitumor immune responses, since the inhibition of lung metastases observed in naive CD1-KO or CD4+ T cell-depleted mice was abrogated by depletion of CD8+ T cells. |
| 4614 | 15523692 | Lung metastases were significantly decreased by treatment of mice with an IL-13 inhibitor, but not by deficiency or inhibition of IL-4. |
| 4615 | 15523692 | Thus, even for a nonregressor tumor, immunosurveillance exists but is negatively regulated via CD4+ NKT cells possibly mediated by IL-13, and can be unmasked by removal of these negative regulatory components. |
| 4616 | 15530685 | Significant increases in mRNA and protein production of T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (IL-2, IFNgamma), mRNA production of a cytotoxic-effector molecule (perforin), and lymphoproliferation response were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from dual-subtype FIV-vaccinated cats after in vitro stimulation with inactivated FIV. |
| 4617 | 15530685 | In contrast, no statistically significant increase in FIV-stimulated mRNA production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) or other cytotoxic-effector molecules (TNFalpha, FasL) was observed in the PBMC from dual-subtype vaccinated cats. |
| 4618 | 15530685 | Moreover, no FIV-specific increases in the IFNgamma, IL-2, and perforin mRNA productions and in the IFNgamma bioactivity and lymphoproliferation responses were observed in the PBMC from cell-immunized cats. |
| 4619 | 15530685 | These observations suggest that IFNgamma induction, lymphoproliferation, and significant portion of IL-2 and perforin productions in the PBMC from dual-subtype vaccinated cats are clearly specific for viral antigens. |
| 4620 | 15530685 | Overall, dual-subtype FIV vaccine elicited strong Th1 response (IFN(, IL-2), which may contribute to the vaccine protection by enhancing the perforin-mediated cytotoxic-cell activity against FIV. |
| 4621 | 15531037 | We examined the immune response of outbred domestic rabbits to the individual myxoma virus antigens M055R, M073R, M115L and M121R, delivered as DNA vaccines co-expressing rabbit interleukin-2 or interleukin-4. |
| 4622 | 15531040 | MVA recombinants induced cytokine responses biased towards IFNgamma and IL-12, while FI-RSV induced strong IL-4/5 responses in the lungs during RSV challenge. |
| 4623 | 15541044 | Elicitation of both CD4 and CD8 T-cell-mediated specific immune responses to HCA587 protein by autologous dendritic cells. |
| 4624 | 15541044 | Enzyme-linked immunospot analysis for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion demonstrated HCA587-specific CD8(+) T cells in the antigen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the analysis of CD4(+) T cells by proliferation assay also showed antigen-specific reactivities in normal donors. |
| 4625 | 15541044 | Two-colour flow cytometric analysis of surface markers and intracellular cytokine expression demonstrated that HCA587-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes exhibited a heterogeneous CD8(+)/CD56(+) expression, and a striking T-helper 1 cytokine bias (IFN-gamma(high)/IL-4(low)) was observed for both CD4(+) and CD8(+) HCA587-specific lymphocyte populations. |
| 4626 | 15541044 | We conclude that HCA587 is a potent immunogen that can induce CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell-mediated specific immune responses, and these findings propose HCA587 as a good candidate for the development of a therapeutic protein-based DC tumour vaccine for the treatment of HCC patients. |
| 4627 | 15548712 | Anti-CD137 polarized the cytokine release of VPLNs and spleen cells in response to tumor antigen toward a type 1 (interferon-gamma) versus a type 2 (interleukin-4) profile. |
| 4628 | 15548712 | Cell depletion and the use of knockout animals identified that CD8(+), CD4(+), and NK cells were involved in the tumor rejection response and that CD8(+) cells had the major effector role. |
| 4629 | 15548712 | Polarization toward type 1 (interferon-gamma) versus type 2 (interleukin-4) was also observed with the OT-1 cells from VPLNs and spleen cells after anti-CD137 injections. |
| 4630 | 15548712 | Anti-CD137 polarized the cytokine release of VPLNs and spleen cells in response to tumor antigen toward a type 1 (interferon-gamma) versus a type 2 (interleukin-4) profile. |
| 4631 | 15548712 | Cell depletion and the use of knockout animals identified that CD8(+), CD4(+), and NK cells were involved in the tumor rejection response and that CD8(+) cells had the major effector role. |
| 4632 | 15548712 | Polarization toward type 1 (interferon-gamma) versus type 2 (interleukin-4) was also observed with the OT-1 cells from VPLNs and spleen cells after anti-CD137 injections. |
| 4633 | 15553669 | Monocytes were separated from the peripheral blood collected by leukapheresis, and were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days. |
| 4634 | 15553669 | Then, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and PGE2 were added for maturation of DC. |
| 4635 | 15553669 | Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 balances improved in six of the nine patients after vaccination. |
| 4636 | 15553669 | In this study, it was shown that immunosuppressive factors, such as IAP and TGF-beta, and Th1 balance are useful as markers of immunomonitoring for tumor-DC fusion vaccine in patients with advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal patients. |
| 4637 | 15557179 | Macaques given nasal gp120 with either mCT E112K or nCT showed elevated gp120-specific IgG and IgA Ab responses with virus-neutralizing activity in both their plasma and mucosal external secretions, as well as higher numbers of gp120-specific IgA Ab-forming cells in their mucosal and peripheral lymphoid tissues and of IL-4-producing Th2-type CD4-positive (CD4(+)) T cells than did controls. |
| 4638 | 15574787 | In contrast with the NKT cell agonist alpha-galactosylceramide, which induces both IFN-gamma and IL-4 production by NKT cells, CpG-liposome only induced IFN-gamma production by NKT cells. |
| 4639 | 15574787 | In addition to TLR9, at least two other factors, IL-12 production by DCs and direct contact between DCs and NK or NKT cells, were essential for inducing type 1 innate immunity by CpG-liposome. |
| 4640 | 15582530 | Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) showed higher levels of IFN-gamma than IL-4 when stimulated with peptides containing Th epitopes. |
| 4641 | 15603887 | Moreover, OM delivery of peptides-CpG2007 induced local IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses and low IL-4 production, demonstrating the polarization towards a Th1 response. |
| 4642 | 15603899 | Responses to gp120pDNA switched to a Th1-type in IL-10-defective mice and to exclusively IgG2a antibodies in IL-4-defective mice. |
| 4643 | 15603899 | Plasmid DNA stimulated IL-10 and IL-12 production by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and anti-IL-10 antibodies enhanced IL-12 production and DC maturation in response to gp120pDNA. |
| 4644 | 15604017 | Monocytes were differentiated with GM-CSF and interleukin-4 into a viable, non-apoptotic population of immature dendritic cells. |
| 4645 | 15606613 | Low IL-10 responses were evident but IL-4 was not detected. |
| 4646 | 15607548 | SRL172, non-specific immunological adjuvant downregulates interleukin-4, upregulates interleukin-2 production, switching towards a T-helper-1 response, induces an increase in natural killer cells and activates antigen presenting cells. |
| 4647 | 15607548 | Pivotal study showed that Trastuzumab+IL-2 resulted in NK cell expansion with enhanced in vitro targeted killing of HER-2-expressing cells. |
| 4648 | 15620477 | Virus-induced Th1-like cytokine protein and mRNA (IFNgamma and IL-2) were identified, particularly IFNgamma. |
| 4649 | 15620477 | Th2-like cytokine protein and mRNA (IL-4 and IL-6) were also induced in an FMDV-specific manner. |
| 4650 | 15621303 | Generation of dendritic cells from rabbit bone marrow mononuclear cell cultures supplemented with hGM-CSF and hIL-4. |
| 4651 | 15621303 | Here we show that DCs can be generated in vitro from rabbit bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) cultured in the presence of the human cytokines GM-CSF and IL-4 and matured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). |
| 4652 | 15621303 | These cells show upregulation of MHC class II and CD86, as well as downregulation of CD14, do not have non-specific esterase activity, are able to perform receptor-mediated endocytosis, and are potent stimulators of allogeneic T cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions. |
| 4653 | 15621303 | Generation of dendritic cells from rabbit bone marrow mononuclear cell cultures supplemented with hGM-CSF and hIL-4. |
| 4654 | 15621303 | Here we show that DCs can be generated in vitro from rabbit bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) cultured in the presence of the human cytokines GM-CSF and IL-4 and matured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). |
| 4655 | 15621303 | These cells show upregulation of MHC class II and CD86, as well as downregulation of CD14, do not have non-specific esterase activity, are able to perform receptor-mediated endocytosis, and are potent stimulators of allogeneic T cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions. |
| 4656 | 15626469 | A panel of three CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and three eukaryotic expression vectors currently used in experimental DNA vaccines in pigs (pcDNA1, pcDNA3.1 and pCI) were screened for their immunostimulatory activity on porcine PBMC by evaluating in vitro the lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine profiles (IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha). |
| 4657 | 15626469 | Furthermore, CpG-ODN A significantly induced IL-6 and TNF-alpha together with elevated levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression even though considerable heterogeneity was observed in the response of individual pigs. |
| 4658 | 15626469 | For pcDNA1, proliferation was absent together with significantly decreased levels of IL-6 and IFN-gamma. |
| 4659 | 15654965 | TT-coupled mimotopes induced T helper (Th)1 (interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) cytokines, whereas uncoupled mimotopes induced a Th1-biased T cell response. |
| 4660 | 15661380 | In addition, spleen cells from S. mansoni infected mice were found to produce significantly less IFN-gamma and nitric oxide when stimulated in vitro with PPD and several fold higher soluble egg antigen (SEA) and Concanavalin A induced IL-4 and IL-5 secretion. |
| 4661 | 15664925 | Invariant Valpha14 chain NKT cells promote Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein-specific gamma interferon- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-producing CD8+ T cells in the liver after poxvirus vaccination of mice. |
| 4662 | 15664925 | Most studies in mice have focused on splenic and peripheral blood T cells and identified gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing CD8+ T cells as correlates of protection, which can be induced by prime-boost vaccination with recombinant poxviruses. |
| 4663 | 15664925 | We show that intradermal vaccination with recombinant poxviruses activated Valpha14iNKT cells and NK cells in the livers of BALB/c mice while inducing IFN-gamma- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-producing pre-erythrocytic stage antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 4664 | 15664925 | Greater numbers of hepatic Valpha14iNKT cells secreted interleukin-4 than IFN-gamma. |
| 4665 | 15664925 | Vaccinated Valpha14iNKT-cell-deficient mice had lower, but still protective levels of hepatic and splenic IFN-gamma+ and TNF-alpha+ CD8+ T cells and better protection rates later after challenge with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. |
| 4666 | 15664925 | Furthermore, double-positive INF-gamma+/TNF-alpha+ CD8+ T cells were enriched in protected livers, suggesting that cells expressing both of these cytokines may be most relevant for protection. |
| 4667 | 15671528 | Interestingly, allogeneic DC-cancer fusion cells were superior in that they efficiently induced Th1-type cytokines but not the Th2-type cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4, whereas syngeneic DC-cancer fusion cells were powerful inducers of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. |
| 4668 | 15681158 | All three formulations induced various degrees of Th1 bias response with prominent production of IFN-gamma being 10-50 times higher than that of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 4669 | 15683451 | In a clinical phase I/II study, monocyte-derived DC were generated in vitro utilizing granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and rh-interleukin-4 (IL-4) and used for cancer immunotherapy. |
| 4670 | 15683451 | Polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) + tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced significant IL-12 p70 secretion, which was increased after addition of a decoy IL-10 receptor. |
| 4671 | 15683451 | The lymph node homing chemokine receptor CCR-7 expression was induced by TNF-alpha + IL-1beta + IL-6 + prostaglandin E2 but was not induced by Poly I:C + TNF-alpha. |
| 4672 | 15683451 | In general, DC from patients had an intermediate maturity phenotype with a significantly higher expression of CD40 and CD54 compared with healthy donors. |
| 4673 | 15688366 | To determine the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect, intrasplenic lymphocyte populations were analyzed by FACS for NKT, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations; STAT 1, 4 and 6 expression in splenocytes was assessed by Western blot, and serum cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. |
| 4674 | 15688366 | NKT/CD4 and CD8/CD4 ratios were significantly increased in groups A and E (12.3 and 17.6 in groups A and D, respectively, compared to 6.4, 4.8 and 5.6 in groups B, C and D, respectively, for the NKT/CD4 ratio; 41 and 19.8 in groups A and E, respectively, compared to 6.5, 11.8 and 3.2 in groups B, C, and D, respectively, for the CD8/CD4 ratio). |
| 4675 | 15688366 | Serum IFNgamma, IL12 and IL4 levels were increased in groups A and E. |
| 4676 | 15688366 | NKT-mediated anti-tumor activity was associated increased NKT and CD8+ T lymphocyte numbers, increased expression of STAT4, a marker for IL-12 activity and elevated serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IFNgamma and IL12, and of IL4. |
| 4677 | 15693140 | Dendritic cells derived from metastatic cancer patients vaccinated with allogeneic dendritic cell-autologous tumor cell hybrids express more CD86 and induce higher levels of interferon-gamma in mixed lymphocyte reactions. |
| 4678 | 15693140 | Mononuclear cells were isolated from patients' peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation, and adherent cells were cultured in medium containing GM-CSF plus IL-4 and, after 5 days, TNF-alpha. |
| 4679 | 15693140 | After 2 more days, Mo-DCs were harvested and their CD80, CD86, and CD83 expression was assessed by flow cytometry. |
| 4680 | 15693140 | They were also used as stimulators in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR), where IFN-gamma production was measured by ELISA. |
| 4681 | 15693140 | Mo-DCs from unvaccinated patients expressed significantly lower levels of CD86, and tended to express lower levels of CD83 than Mo-DCs from healthy donors. |
| 4682 | 15693140 | However, Mo-DCs generated after hybrid cell vaccination presented increased expression of the same markers and induced significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma in MLR. |
| 4683 | 15694995 | In the present study, we assessed proliferation, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-4 production of MV-specific T cells after secondary in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human donors. |
| 4684 | 15694995 | Most study participants produced both IFN-gamma and IL-4 after secondary in vitro stimulation. |
| 4685 | 15694995 | Split-well analyses of limiting dilution cultures suggested that virtually all putative T-cell clones produced either IFN-gamma alone or both IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 4686 | 15694995 | These results suggest that memory T cells responding in vitro to MV generate cells that produce either IFN-gamma alone (and resemble Th1-like cells) or secreted both IFN-gamma and IL-4 (resembling Th0-like cells) in vitro with few cells expressing a Th2-like pattern. |
| 4687 | 15694995 | In the present study, we assessed proliferation, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-4 production of MV-specific T cells after secondary in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human donors. |
| 4688 | 15694995 | Most study participants produced both IFN-gamma and IL-4 after secondary in vitro stimulation. |
| 4689 | 15694995 | Split-well analyses of limiting dilution cultures suggested that virtually all putative T-cell clones produced either IFN-gamma alone or both IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 4690 | 15694995 | These results suggest that memory T cells responding in vitro to MV generate cells that produce either IFN-gamma alone (and resemble Th1-like cells) or secreted both IFN-gamma and IL-4 (resembling Th0-like cells) in vitro with few cells expressing a Th2-like pattern. |
| 4691 | 15694995 | In the present study, we assessed proliferation, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-4 production of MV-specific T cells after secondary in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human donors. |
| 4692 | 15694995 | Most study participants produced both IFN-gamma and IL-4 after secondary in vitro stimulation. |
| 4693 | 15694995 | Split-well analyses of limiting dilution cultures suggested that virtually all putative T-cell clones produced either IFN-gamma alone or both IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 4694 | 15694995 | These results suggest that memory T cells responding in vitro to MV generate cells that produce either IFN-gamma alone (and resemble Th1-like cells) or secreted both IFN-gamma and IL-4 (resembling Th0-like cells) in vitro with few cells expressing a Th2-like pattern. |
| 4695 | 15694995 | In the present study, we assessed proliferation, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-4 production of MV-specific T cells after secondary in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human donors. |
| 4696 | 15694995 | Most study participants produced both IFN-gamma and IL-4 after secondary in vitro stimulation. |
| 4697 | 15694995 | Split-well analyses of limiting dilution cultures suggested that virtually all putative T-cell clones produced either IFN-gamma alone or both IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 4698 | 15694995 | These results suggest that memory T cells responding in vitro to MV generate cells that produce either IFN-gamma alone (and resemble Th1-like cells) or secreted both IFN-gamma and IL-4 (resembling Th0-like cells) in vitro with few cells expressing a Th2-like pattern. |
| 4699 | 15699131 | Exposure to IL-4 during activation of naive murine CD8+ T cells leads to generation of IL-4-producing effector cells with reduced surface CD8, low perforin, granzyme B and granzyme C mRNA, and poor cytolytic function. |
| 4700 | 15699131 | CD8 expression positively correlated with perforin and granzyme A, B, and C mRNA, and negatively correlated with IL-4 mRNA levels among these clones. |
| 4701 | 15699131 | Exposure to IL-4 during activation of naive murine CD8+ T cells leads to generation of IL-4-producing effector cells with reduced surface CD8, low perforin, granzyme B and granzyme C mRNA, and poor cytolytic function. |
| 4702 | 15699131 | CD8 expression positively correlated with perforin and granzyme A, B, and C mRNA, and negatively correlated with IL-4 mRNA levels among these clones. |
| 4703 | 15699483 | LFA-1 co-stimulation inhibits T(h)2 differentiation by down-modulating IL-4 responsiveness. |
| 4704 | 15699483 | Specifically, CD28 co-stimulation promotes T(h)2 differentiation, whereas leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) co-stimulation promotes T(h)1 differentiation and inhibits T(h)2 differentiation. |
| 4705 | 15699483 | We show that co-stimulation through LFA-1 does not decrease early IL-4 secretion, but rather induces a loss in IL-4 responsiveness. |
| 4706 | 15699483 | T cells primed in the context of LFA-1 co-stimulation require a 5-fold increase in the concentration of IL-4 required to drive T(h)2 differentiation, which is not mediated by a loss in IL-4R expression. |
| 4707 | 15699483 | To determine whether LFA-1 co-stimulation impacts on proximal signaling from the IL-4R, we first identified a kinetic window where we could separate IL-4-driven T(h)2 differentiation from initial T cell priming. |
| 4708 | 15699483 | Proximal IL-4R signaling, as evidenced by tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6), was not inhibited by initial co-stimulation through LFA-1, yet these T cells still required higher amounts of IL-4 and corresponding higher levels of STAT6 activation to up-regulate GATA-3 and induce T(h)2 differentiation. |
| 4709 | 15699483 | Thus, LFA-1 co-stimulation appears to interfere with GATA-3 expression downstream of STAT6. |
| 4710 | 15699483 | These results suggest that LFA-1 co-stimulation functions as a threshold modulator of T(h)2 differentiation, increasing the effective concentration of IL-4 required to drive T(h)2 responses. |
| 4711 | 15699483 | LFA-1 co-stimulation inhibits T(h)2 differentiation by down-modulating IL-4 responsiveness. |
| 4712 | 15699483 | Specifically, CD28 co-stimulation promotes T(h)2 differentiation, whereas leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) co-stimulation promotes T(h)1 differentiation and inhibits T(h)2 differentiation. |
| 4713 | 15699483 | We show that co-stimulation through LFA-1 does not decrease early IL-4 secretion, but rather induces a loss in IL-4 responsiveness. |
| 4714 | 15699483 | T cells primed in the context of LFA-1 co-stimulation require a 5-fold increase in the concentration of IL-4 required to drive T(h)2 differentiation, which is not mediated by a loss in IL-4R expression. |
| 4715 | 15699483 | To determine whether LFA-1 co-stimulation impacts on proximal signaling from the IL-4R, we first identified a kinetic window where we could separate IL-4-driven T(h)2 differentiation from initial T cell priming. |
| 4716 | 15699483 | Proximal IL-4R signaling, as evidenced by tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6), was not inhibited by initial co-stimulation through LFA-1, yet these T cells still required higher amounts of IL-4 and corresponding higher levels of STAT6 activation to up-regulate GATA-3 and induce T(h)2 differentiation. |
| 4717 | 15699483 | Thus, LFA-1 co-stimulation appears to interfere with GATA-3 expression downstream of STAT6. |
| 4718 | 15699483 | These results suggest that LFA-1 co-stimulation functions as a threshold modulator of T(h)2 differentiation, increasing the effective concentration of IL-4 required to drive T(h)2 responses. |
| 4719 | 15699483 | LFA-1 co-stimulation inhibits T(h)2 differentiation by down-modulating IL-4 responsiveness. |
| 4720 | 15699483 | Specifically, CD28 co-stimulation promotes T(h)2 differentiation, whereas leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) co-stimulation promotes T(h)1 differentiation and inhibits T(h)2 differentiation. |
| 4721 | 15699483 | We show that co-stimulation through LFA-1 does not decrease early IL-4 secretion, but rather induces a loss in IL-4 responsiveness. |
| 4722 | 15699483 | T cells primed in the context of LFA-1 co-stimulation require a 5-fold increase in the concentration of IL-4 required to drive T(h)2 differentiation, which is not mediated by a loss in IL-4R expression. |
| 4723 | 15699483 | To determine whether LFA-1 co-stimulation impacts on proximal signaling from the IL-4R, we first identified a kinetic window where we could separate IL-4-driven T(h)2 differentiation from initial T cell priming. |
| 4724 | 15699483 | Proximal IL-4R signaling, as evidenced by tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6), was not inhibited by initial co-stimulation through LFA-1, yet these T cells still required higher amounts of IL-4 and corresponding higher levels of STAT6 activation to up-regulate GATA-3 and induce T(h)2 differentiation. |
| 4725 | 15699483 | Thus, LFA-1 co-stimulation appears to interfere with GATA-3 expression downstream of STAT6. |
| 4726 | 15699483 | These results suggest that LFA-1 co-stimulation functions as a threshold modulator of T(h)2 differentiation, increasing the effective concentration of IL-4 required to drive T(h)2 responses. |
| 4727 | 15699483 | LFA-1 co-stimulation inhibits T(h)2 differentiation by down-modulating IL-4 responsiveness. |
| 4728 | 15699483 | Specifically, CD28 co-stimulation promotes T(h)2 differentiation, whereas leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) co-stimulation promotes T(h)1 differentiation and inhibits T(h)2 differentiation. |
| 4729 | 15699483 | We show that co-stimulation through LFA-1 does not decrease early IL-4 secretion, but rather induces a loss in IL-4 responsiveness. |
| 4730 | 15699483 | T cells primed in the context of LFA-1 co-stimulation require a 5-fold increase in the concentration of IL-4 required to drive T(h)2 differentiation, which is not mediated by a loss in IL-4R expression. |
| 4731 | 15699483 | To determine whether LFA-1 co-stimulation impacts on proximal signaling from the IL-4R, we first identified a kinetic window where we could separate IL-4-driven T(h)2 differentiation from initial T cell priming. |
| 4732 | 15699483 | Proximal IL-4R signaling, as evidenced by tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6), was not inhibited by initial co-stimulation through LFA-1, yet these T cells still required higher amounts of IL-4 and corresponding higher levels of STAT6 activation to up-regulate GATA-3 and induce T(h)2 differentiation. |
| 4733 | 15699483 | Thus, LFA-1 co-stimulation appears to interfere with GATA-3 expression downstream of STAT6. |
| 4734 | 15699483 | These results suggest that LFA-1 co-stimulation functions as a threshold modulator of T(h)2 differentiation, increasing the effective concentration of IL-4 required to drive T(h)2 responses. |
| 4735 | 15699483 | LFA-1 co-stimulation inhibits T(h)2 differentiation by down-modulating IL-4 responsiveness. |
| 4736 | 15699483 | Specifically, CD28 co-stimulation promotes T(h)2 differentiation, whereas leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) co-stimulation promotes T(h)1 differentiation and inhibits T(h)2 differentiation. |
| 4737 | 15699483 | We show that co-stimulation through LFA-1 does not decrease early IL-4 secretion, but rather induces a loss in IL-4 responsiveness. |
| 4738 | 15699483 | T cells primed in the context of LFA-1 co-stimulation require a 5-fold increase in the concentration of IL-4 required to drive T(h)2 differentiation, which is not mediated by a loss in IL-4R expression. |
| 4739 | 15699483 | To determine whether LFA-1 co-stimulation impacts on proximal signaling from the IL-4R, we first identified a kinetic window where we could separate IL-4-driven T(h)2 differentiation from initial T cell priming. |
| 4740 | 15699483 | Proximal IL-4R signaling, as evidenced by tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6), was not inhibited by initial co-stimulation through LFA-1, yet these T cells still required higher amounts of IL-4 and corresponding higher levels of STAT6 activation to up-regulate GATA-3 and induce T(h)2 differentiation. |
| 4741 | 15699483 | Thus, LFA-1 co-stimulation appears to interfere with GATA-3 expression downstream of STAT6. |
| 4742 | 15699483 | These results suggest that LFA-1 co-stimulation functions as a threshold modulator of T(h)2 differentiation, increasing the effective concentration of IL-4 required to drive T(h)2 responses. |
| 4743 | 15699483 | LFA-1 co-stimulation inhibits T(h)2 differentiation by down-modulating IL-4 responsiveness. |
| 4744 | 15699483 | Specifically, CD28 co-stimulation promotes T(h)2 differentiation, whereas leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) co-stimulation promotes T(h)1 differentiation and inhibits T(h)2 differentiation. |
| 4745 | 15699483 | We show that co-stimulation through LFA-1 does not decrease early IL-4 secretion, but rather induces a loss in IL-4 responsiveness. |
| 4746 | 15699483 | T cells primed in the context of LFA-1 co-stimulation require a 5-fold increase in the concentration of IL-4 required to drive T(h)2 differentiation, which is not mediated by a loss in IL-4R expression. |
| 4747 | 15699483 | To determine whether LFA-1 co-stimulation impacts on proximal signaling from the IL-4R, we first identified a kinetic window where we could separate IL-4-driven T(h)2 differentiation from initial T cell priming. |
| 4748 | 15699483 | Proximal IL-4R signaling, as evidenced by tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6), was not inhibited by initial co-stimulation through LFA-1, yet these T cells still required higher amounts of IL-4 and corresponding higher levels of STAT6 activation to up-regulate GATA-3 and induce T(h)2 differentiation. |
| 4749 | 15699483 | Thus, LFA-1 co-stimulation appears to interfere with GATA-3 expression downstream of STAT6. |
| 4750 | 15699483 | These results suggest that LFA-1 co-stimulation functions as a threshold modulator of T(h)2 differentiation, increasing the effective concentration of IL-4 required to drive T(h)2 responses. |
| 4751 | 15710900 | Lactobacillus-exposed MDCs up-regulated HLA-DR, CD83, CD40, CD80, and CD86 and secreted high levels of IL-12 and IL-18, but not IL-10. |
| 4752 | 15710900 | IL-12 was sustained in MDCs exposed to all three Lactobacillus species in the presence of LPS from Escherichia coli, whereas LPS-induced IL-10 was greatly inhibited. |
| 4753 | 15710900 | MDCs activated with lactobacilli clearly skewed CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to T helper 1 and Tc1 polarization, as evidenced by secretion of IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-13. |
| 4754 | 15710912 | Instead, we found that C3d suppressed the protective immunity against Plasmodium berghei malaria infection and deviated immunity, most notably by suppressing the induction of antibodies specific for the CSP C-terminal flanking sequence and by suppressing the induction of CSP-specific IL-4-producing spleen cells. |
| 4755 | 15712014 | To understand the genetic factors that influence variation in IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses following measles immunization and to provide insight into the factors influencing both cellular and humoral immunity to measles, we assessed associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes and measles-specific Th1 and Th2-type cytokine responses in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 339 children previously vaccinated with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR-II). |
| 4756 | 15712014 | Median values for measles-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion levels were 40.73 and 9.71 pg/ml, respectively. |
| 4757 | 15712014 | The global tests suggested associations between measles-specific IFN-gamma response and alleles of the DRB1 and DQB1 loci (P=0.07 and P=0.02, respectively). |
| 4758 | 15712014 | Th1 cytokine responses and DQB1 allele associations revealed that the alleles with the strongest association with IFN-gamma secretion were DQB1*0201, *0303, *0402, and *0602. |
| 4759 | 15712014 | In addition, DPB1*0101, *0201, and *0601 alleles provided suggestive evidence of an HLA association with measles-induced IFN-gamma response, while DPB1*0501 was associated with an IL-4 response. |
| 4760 | 15712014 | These data suggest that IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokine responses to measles may be genetically restricted in part by HLA class II genes, which in turn can restrict the cellular immune response to measles vaccine. |
| 4761 | 15712014 | To understand the genetic factors that influence variation in IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses following measles immunization and to provide insight into the factors influencing both cellular and humoral immunity to measles, we assessed associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes and measles-specific Th1 and Th2-type cytokine responses in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 339 children previously vaccinated with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR-II). |
| 4762 | 15712014 | Median values for measles-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion levels were 40.73 and 9.71 pg/ml, respectively. |
| 4763 | 15712014 | The global tests suggested associations between measles-specific IFN-gamma response and alleles of the DRB1 and DQB1 loci (P=0.07 and P=0.02, respectively). |
| 4764 | 15712014 | Th1 cytokine responses and DQB1 allele associations revealed that the alleles with the strongest association with IFN-gamma secretion were DQB1*0201, *0303, *0402, and *0602. |
| 4765 | 15712014 | In addition, DPB1*0101, *0201, and *0601 alleles provided suggestive evidence of an HLA association with measles-induced IFN-gamma response, while DPB1*0501 was associated with an IL-4 response. |
| 4766 | 15712014 | These data suggest that IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokine responses to measles may be genetically restricted in part by HLA class II genes, which in turn can restrict the cellular immune response to measles vaccine. |
| 4767 | 15712014 | To understand the genetic factors that influence variation in IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses following measles immunization and to provide insight into the factors influencing both cellular and humoral immunity to measles, we assessed associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes and measles-specific Th1 and Th2-type cytokine responses in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 339 children previously vaccinated with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR-II). |
| 4768 | 15712014 | Median values for measles-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion levels were 40.73 and 9.71 pg/ml, respectively. |
| 4769 | 15712014 | The global tests suggested associations between measles-specific IFN-gamma response and alleles of the DRB1 and DQB1 loci (P=0.07 and P=0.02, respectively). |
| 4770 | 15712014 | Th1 cytokine responses and DQB1 allele associations revealed that the alleles with the strongest association with IFN-gamma secretion were DQB1*0201, *0303, *0402, and *0602. |
| 4771 | 15712014 | In addition, DPB1*0101, *0201, and *0601 alleles provided suggestive evidence of an HLA association with measles-induced IFN-gamma response, while DPB1*0501 was associated with an IL-4 response. |
| 4772 | 15712014 | These data suggest that IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokine responses to measles may be genetically restricted in part by HLA class II genes, which in turn can restrict the cellular immune response to measles vaccine. |
| 4773 | 15712014 | To understand the genetic factors that influence variation in IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses following measles immunization and to provide insight into the factors influencing both cellular and humoral immunity to measles, we assessed associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes and measles-specific Th1 and Th2-type cytokine responses in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 339 children previously vaccinated with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR-II). |
| 4774 | 15712014 | Median values for measles-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion levels were 40.73 and 9.71 pg/ml, respectively. |
| 4775 | 15712014 | The global tests suggested associations between measles-specific IFN-gamma response and alleles of the DRB1 and DQB1 loci (P=0.07 and P=0.02, respectively). |
| 4776 | 15712014 | Th1 cytokine responses and DQB1 allele associations revealed that the alleles with the strongest association with IFN-gamma secretion were DQB1*0201, *0303, *0402, and *0602. |
| 4777 | 15712014 | In addition, DPB1*0101, *0201, and *0601 alleles provided suggestive evidence of an HLA association with measles-induced IFN-gamma response, while DPB1*0501 was associated with an IL-4 response. |
| 4778 | 15712014 | These data suggest that IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokine responses to measles may be genetically restricted in part by HLA class II genes, which in turn can restrict the cellular immune response to measles vaccine. |
| 4779 | 15713517 | The CD14+ cells were placed in culture in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) and Interleukin 4 (IL-4). |
| 4780 | 15714585 | Many more Fas ligand-expressing and apoptotic cells were present after peptide immunization than after whole-protein immunization. |
| 4781 | 15714585 | Localization of IL-4-, IL-2- and IFN-gamma-producing cells to the lymphocyte-containing splenic white pulp was only observed with whole-protein immunization. |
| 4782 | 15720438 | A soluble LAG-3 (CD223) molecule (sLAG-3) is a natural, high-affinity ligand for MHC class II. |
| 4783 | 15720438 | It is known to induce maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro and is used as a vaccine adjuvant to induce CD4 T helper type 1 responses and CD8 T-cell responses in vivo. |
| 4784 | 15720438 | Here, we demonstrate that sLAG-3 (but not an MHC class II-specific monoclonal antibody) reduces the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as well as their differentiation into dendritic cells in the presence of GM-CSF and interleukin-4, as shown by a decrease in CD14 and CD1a expression, respectively. |
| 4785 | 15725107 | Canine cytokine mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected prior to treatment and at the completion of the study was determined for IFN-gamma, IL-4, TNF and IL-10 genes using quantitative reverse transcription competitive polymerase chain reaction. |
| 4786 | 15730392 | Mature dendritic cells differentiated in the presence of interferon-beta and interleukin-3 prime functional antigen-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 4787 | 15730392 | Monocytes incubated in the presence of interferon (IFN)-beta and interleukin (IL)-3 give rise to a distinct type of DCs (IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs) that are particularly efficient at eliciting IFN-gamma and IL-5 production by allogeneic helper T cells. |
| 4788 | 15730392 | We assessed the capacity of this new type of DCs to prime antigen-specific naive CD8(+) T cells and compared them to the conventional DCs differentiated in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 (GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs). |
| 4789 | 15730392 | We demonstrate that IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs matured by TLR3 or CD40 ligation efficiently prime Melan-A(26-35)-specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro, at a similar level as GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs. |
| 4790 | 15730392 | Activated antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma and displayed potent cytotoxic activity against peptide-pulsed target cells. |
| 4791 | 15730392 | Expansion of CD8(+) T cell numbers was generally higher following priming with CD40-L than with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) matured DCs. |
| 4792 | 15730392 | These data indicate that IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs represent a promising cell population for the immunotherapy of cancer. |
| 4793 | 15730392 | Mature dendritic cells differentiated in the presence of interferon-beta and interleukin-3 prime functional antigen-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 4794 | 15730392 | Monocytes incubated in the presence of interferon (IFN)-beta and interleukin (IL)-3 give rise to a distinct type of DCs (IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs) that are particularly efficient at eliciting IFN-gamma and IL-5 production by allogeneic helper T cells. |
| 4795 | 15730392 | We assessed the capacity of this new type of DCs to prime antigen-specific naive CD8(+) T cells and compared them to the conventional DCs differentiated in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 (GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs). |
| 4796 | 15730392 | We demonstrate that IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs matured by TLR3 or CD40 ligation efficiently prime Melan-A(26-35)-specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro, at a similar level as GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs. |
| 4797 | 15730392 | Activated antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma and displayed potent cytotoxic activity against peptide-pulsed target cells. |
| 4798 | 15730392 | Expansion of CD8(+) T cell numbers was generally higher following priming with CD40-L than with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) matured DCs. |
| 4799 | 15730392 | These data indicate that IFN-beta/IL-3 DCs represent a promising cell population for the immunotherapy of cancer. |
| 4800 | 15731224 | We showed recently that a recombinant HSV-1 vaccine expressing interleukin-4 (IL-4) is more efficacious against ocular HSV-1 challenge than recombinant viruses expressing IL-2 or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (Y. |
| 4801 | 15740868 | Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-13 and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) mRNA levels were measured in duplicate at each site. |
| 4802 | 15740868 | Highest levels of IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-13 and IFNgamma transcript were measured in the bronchial lymph nodes of uninfected animals. |
| 4803 | 15742663 | Mice vaccinated with this formula showed higher lymphoproliferative index values and higher IL-2, IL-4 and IFNgamma levels than the controls. |
| 4804 | 15744581 | Such interaction was reported to induce the hematopoietic cells to release large amounts of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13. |
| 4805 | 15744581 | Type I IFNs reactivate the patients' inhibited Th1 cells to synthesize IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines that activate the maturation of CTL precursors. |
| 4806 | 15744581 | The CpG ODNs A and B bind to Toll like receptors that are present in pDCs and B cells, respectively, CpG ODN - A is the ligand for TLR9+ pDCs and induce the release of large amounts of IFN-alpha, beta. |
| 4807 | 15744581 | Based on these studies, a hypothesis is presented that treatment of HIV-1 infected and AIDS patients with CpG ODN-A and B or CpG ODN-C have the potential to inhibit IL-4 synthesis and release from FcrepsilonRI+ hematopoietic cells by inducing TLR9+ pDCs to release large amounts of type I IFNs. |
| 4808 | 15744581 | Type I IFNs reactivate the patients' Th1 cells to synthesize IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines, activators of the precursor cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), leading to the reactivation of the inhibited adaptive immune response. |
| 4809 | 15744581 | Such interaction was reported to induce the hematopoietic cells to release large amounts of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13. |
| 4810 | 15744581 | Type I IFNs reactivate the patients' inhibited Th1 cells to synthesize IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines that activate the maturation of CTL precursors. |
| 4811 | 15744581 | The CpG ODNs A and B bind to Toll like receptors that are present in pDCs and B cells, respectively, CpG ODN - A is the ligand for TLR9+ pDCs and induce the release of large amounts of IFN-alpha, beta. |
| 4812 | 15744581 | Based on these studies, a hypothesis is presented that treatment of HIV-1 infected and AIDS patients with CpG ODN-A and B or CpG ODN-C have the potential to inhibit IL-4 synthesis and release from FcrepsilonRI+ hematopoietic cells by inducing TLR9+ pDCs to release large amounts of type I IFNs. |
| 4813 | 15744581 | Type I IFNs reactivate the patients' Th1 cells to synthesize IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines, activators of the precursor cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), leading to the reactivation of the inhibited adaptive immune response. |
| 4814 | 15745223 | Subcellular fractions of Brucella ovis distinctively induce the production of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and interferon-gamma in mice. |
| 4815 | 15745223 | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 Brucella ovis subcellular protein fractions: Outer membrane (OMP), inner membrane (IMP), and cytoplasm (CP), on cellular immune response by in vitro production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 4816 | 15745223 | Regarding the IFN-gamma production, OMP and IMP induced a high response at 120 h. |
| 4817 | 15745223 | Subcellular fractions of Brucella ovis distinctively induce the production of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and interferon-gamma in mice. |
| 4818 | 15745223 | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 Brucella ovis subcellular protein fractions: Outer membrane (OMP), inner membrane (IMP), and cytoplasm (CP), on cellular immune response by in vitro production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 4819 | 15745223 | Regarding the IFN-gamma production, OMP and IMP induced a high response at 120 h. |
| 4820 | 15748813 | However, cytokine analysis demonstrated a mixed pulmonary cytokine response (increases in IL-4, and MCP-1) with no induction of IFN-gamma. |
| 4821 | 15755506 | Compared with pR (encoding the extracellular region of M-CSFR(J6-1)), pF was more effective in inducing humoral and cytotoxic immune response, prolonging survival of mice challenged with SP2/0-CSFR(J6-1) tumor cells, and inducing IFN-gamma and IL-4 release by splenocytes. |
| 4822 | 15773403 | As revealed in this study, neutrophilokines regulate the synthesis of IL-2 by T helpers of type 1, IL-4 and IL-5 by T helpers of type 2, IL-1 by B lymphocytes, as well as the expression of receptors IL-2 by immunocompetent cells. |
| 4823 | 15780449 | The serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were increased, while no significant increase was observed in interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 4824 | 15780483 | (1) Helminths evade or suppress host immune responses, by producing anti-inflammatory and other immunomodulatory molecules. (2) Helminths induce chronic Th2 activation, which can modify cytokine profiles and immunological responses to heat shock proteins, Chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus. (3) The chronic Th2 profile may modulate monocyte activation and chemotaxis to inflammatory sites (atherosclerotic plaques). (4) Chronic Th2 activation may lead to a cytokine profile that could be beneficial for attenuation of atherosclerosis development (upregulation of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 and downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines). (5) Helminthic infections may reduce plasma LDL level not only by affecting the host nutrition, but also via modulation of naturally occurring antibodies to cholesterol. |
| 4825 | 15781125 | Interestingly, ECTV-IL-4-mediated immune suppression was not accompanied by a reduction in systemic IFN-gamma expression, suggestive of an alternative or highly localized suppressive mechanism. |
| 4826 | 15787742 | Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) can be generated by culture in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alone or GM-CSF in conjunction with interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 4827 | 15787742 | Also, the four culture conditions generated CD11c+ DC with comparable levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression, with the exception of cells cultured under serum-free conditions in the absence of IL-4, which displayed suboptimal levels of these markers. |
| 4828 | 15787742 | However, both DC populations displayed a similar capacity to take up fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin by macropinocytosis and FITC-Dextran by the mannose receptor and to secrete IL-12 in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or an agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody. |
| 4829 | 15787742 | Therefore, we conclude that although both DC culture methods result in the production of DC with similar functional abilities, under serum-free conditions, DC cultured in GM-CSF and IL-4 show an increased stimulatory potential over DC cultured in GM-CSF alone. |
| 4830 | 15787742 | Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) can be generated by culture in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alone or GM-CSF in conjunction with interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 4831 | 15787742 | Also, the four culture conditions generated CD11c+ DC with comparable levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression, with the exception of cells cultured under serum-free conditions in the absence of IL-4, which displayed suboptimal levels of these markers. |
| 4832 | 15787742 | However, both DC populations displayed a similar capacity to take up fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin by macropinocytosis and FITC-Dextran by the mannose receptor and to secrete IL-12 in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or an agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody. |
| 4833 | 15787742 | Therefore, we conclude that although both DC culture methods result in the production of DC with similar functional abilities, under serum-free conditions, DC cultured in GM-CSF and IL-4 show an increased stimulatory potential over DC cultured in GM-CSF alone. |
| 4834 | 15787742 | Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) can be generated by culture in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alone or GM-CSF in conjunction with interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 4835 | 15787742 | Also, the four culture conditions generated CD11c+ DC with comparable levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression, with the exception of cells cultured under serum-free conditions in the absence of IL-4, which displayed suboptimal levels of these markers. |
| 4836 | 15787742 | However, both DC populations displayed a similar capacity to take up fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin by macropinocytosis and FITC-Dextran by the mannose receptor and to secrete IL-12 in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or an agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody. |
| 4837 | 15787742 | Therefore, we conclude that although both DC culture methods result in the production of DC with similar functional abilities, under serum-free conditions, DC cultured in GM-CSF and IL-4 show an increased stimulatory potential over DC cultured in GM-CSF alone. |
| 4838 | 15793803 | Human monocytes were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days, followed by another 2 days in the presence of piceatannol or LPS. |
| 4839 | 15793803 | The expression levels of CD1a, CD80, CD83, and CD86 as expressed by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on DCs differentiated from immature DCs after culture with 1 muM of piceatannol for 2 days were enhanced and decreased endocytic activity. |
| 4840 | 15797470 | We generated a mammalian expression system for recombinant cytokines using the equine IgG1 heavy chain constant region as a tag for detection and purification of the expressed cytokine, demonstrated here using equine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL4) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). |
| 4841 | 15797470 | The purification of the fusion protein by protein G affinity columns, the enterokinase digestion of the cytokine from the IgG1 heavy chain region after or during purification, and the biological activity of the cytokine within the fusion protein or after its isolation was demonstrated in detail for equine IFN-gamma/IgG1 by up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression on horse lymphocytes. |
| 4842 | 15797470 | Biological activity could also be confirmed for the IL-2 and IL-4/IgG1 fusion proteins. |
| 4843 | 15797470 | To test the crossreactivity and specificity of anti-human TGF-beta1, and anti-bovine and anti-canine IFN-gamma antibodies to respective horse cytokines, the four cytokine/IgG1 fusion proteins were successfully used in ELISA, flow cytometry and/or Western blotting. |
| 4844 | 15797470 | We generated a mammalian expression system for recombinant cytokines using the equine IgG1 heavy chain constant region as a tag for detection and purification of the expressed cytokine, demonstrated here using equine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL4) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). |
| 4845 | 15797470 | The purification of the fusion protein by protein G affinity columns, the enterokinase digestion of the cytokine from the IgG1 heavy chain region after or during purification, and the biological activity of the cytokine within the fusion protein or after its isolation was demonstrated in detail for equine IFN-gamma/IgG1 by up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression on horse lymphocytes. |
| 4846 | 15797470 | Biological activity could also be confirmed for the IL-2 and IL-4/IgG1 fusion proteins. |
| 4847 | 15797470 | To test the crossreactivity and specificity of anti-human TGF-beta1, and anti-bovine and anti-canine IFN-gamma antibodies to respective horse cytokines, the four cytokine/IgG1 fusion proteins were successfully used in ELISA, flow cytometry and/or Western blotting. |
| 4848 | 15806292 | Our preliminary study on the transcription levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in splenic CD4+ T cells revealed that attenuated cercariae elicited predominantly a Th1 response in mice at the early stage, whereas normal cercariae stimulated primarily Th2-dependent responses. |
| 4849 | 15806292 | However, for IL-12 and IL-4, the potent inducers of Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively, as well as IL-10, there were no differences over the course of the experiment between the infected and vaccinated mice. |
| 4850 | 15806292 | Our preliminary study on the transcription levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in splenic CD4+ T cells revealed that attenuated cercariae elicited predominantly a Th1 response in mice at the early stage, whereas normal cercariae stimulated primarily Th2-dependent responses. |
| 4851 | 15806292 | However, for IL-12 and IL-4, the potent inducers of Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively, as well as IL-10, there were no differences over the course of the experiment between the infected and vaccinated mice. |
| 4852 | 15807859 | IFN-gamma and IL-4 production similarly showed optimal production late in culture. |
| 4853 | 15807859 | Depletion of CD4 cells prior to culture and MV stimulation completely abrogated both IFN-gamma and IL-4 production, whereas depletion of CD8 cells did not diminish production, suggesting that CD4+CD8- T cells were principally involved in production of these cytokines. |
| 4854 | 15807859 | Finally, optimal IFN-gamma production was elicited at high MV doses and IL-4 at much lower doses. |
| 4855 | 15807859 | IFN-gamma and IL-4 production similarly showed optimal production late in culture. |
| 4856 | 15807859 | Depletion of CD4 cells prior to culture and MV stimulation completely abrogated both IFN-gamma and IL-4 production, whereas depletion of CD8 cells did not diminish production, suggesting that CD4+CD8- T cells were principally involved in production of these cytokines. |
| 4857 | 15807859 | Finally, optimal IFN-gamma production was elicited at high MV doses and IL-4 at much lower doses. |
| 4858 | 15807859 | IFN-gamma and IL-4 production similarly showed optimal production late in culture. |
| 4859 | 15807859 | Depletion of CD4 cells prior to culture and MV stimulation completely abrogated both IFN-gamma and IL-4 production, whereas depletion of CD8 cells did not diminish production, suggesting that CD4+CD8- T cells were principally involved in production of these cytokines. |
| 4860 | 15807859 | Finally, optimal IFN-gamma production was elicited at high MV doses and IL-4 at much lower doses. |
| 4861 | 15814696 | Interestingly, we found that IgG4 production in the coculture correlated with the TCC production of IL-10 (r2 = 0.352, p = 0.0001), but not with IL-2, IL-4, nor IFN-gamma. |
| 4862 | 15817260 | CD8+-dependent CNS demyelination following ocular infection of mice with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing murine IL-2. |
| 4863 | 15817260 | In contrast, mice infected with HSV-IFN-gamma or HSV-IL-4, which are identical to HSV-IL-2 but express IFN-gamma or IL-4 instead of IL-2, did not exhibit demyelination. |
| 4864 | 15817260 | Immunohistochemistry and FACS analyses of infiltrates in the brains and spinal cords of HSV-IL-2-infected mice showed elevations in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and macrophages. |
| 4865 | 15828575 | Here we report the proliferation of spleen cells in response to the recombinant Sm-p80 protein and cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-4) production by the splenocytes. |
| 4866 | 15828575 | These spleen cells were obtained from groups of mice that were vaccinated with a DNA vaccine formulation containing Sm-p80 and one of the Th-1 (IL-2 or IL-12) or Th-2 (GM-CSF, IL-4) enhancer cytokines. |
| 4867 | 15828575 | The splenocytes obtained from mice vaccinated with Sm-p80 DNA with Th-1 enhancer cytokines IL-2 and IL-12 provided the highest proliferation. |
| 4868 | 15828575 | The IFN-gamma production by splenocytes was found to follow the similar pattern [(Sm-p80) < (Sm-p80 + IL-4) < (Sm-p80 + GMCSF) < (Sm-p80 + IL-12) < (Sm-p80 + IL-2)], as has been observed for the proliferation and protection data. |
| 4869 | 15828575 | Here we report the proliferation of spleen cells in response to the recombinant Sm-p80 protein and cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-4) production by the splenocytes. |
| 4870 | 15828575 | These spleen cells were obtained from groups of mice that were vaccinated with a DNA vaccine formulation containing Sm-p80 and one of the Th-1 (IL-2 or IL-12) or Th-2 (GM-CSF, IL-4) enhancer cytokines. |
| 4871 | 15828575 | The splenocytes obtained from mice vaccinated with Sm-p80 DNA with Th-1 enhancer cytokines IL-2 and IL-12 provided the highest proliferation. |
| 4872 | 15828575 | The IFN-gamma production by splenocytes was found to follow the similar pattern [(Sm-p80) < (Sm-p80 + IL-4) < (Sm-p80 + GMCSF) < (Sm-p80 + IL-12) < (Sm-p80 + IL-2)], as has been observed for the proliferation and protection data. |
| 4873 | 15828575 | Here we report the proliferation of spleen cells in response to the recombinant Sm-p80 protein and cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-4) production by the splenocytes. |
| 4874 | 15828575 | These spleen cells were obtained from groups of mice that were vaccinated with a DNA vaccine formulation containing Sm-p80 and one of the Th-1 (IL-2 or IL-12) or Th-2 (GM-CSF, IL-4) enhancer cytokines. |
| 4875 | 15828575 | The splenocytes obtained from mice vaccinated with Sm-p80 DNA with Th-1 enhancer cytokines IL-2 and IL-12 provided the highest proliferation. |
| 4876 | 15828575 | The IFN-gamma production by splenocytes was found to follow the similar pattern [(Sm-p80) < (Sm-p80 + IL-4) < (Sm-p80 + GMCSF) < (Sm-p80 + IL-12) < (Sm-p80 + IL-2)], as has been observed for the proliferation and protection data. |
| 4877 | 15837362 | A population of cells exhibiting bona fide dendritic cell (DC) morphological and functional characteristics was obtained by treating Aotus spp. monocytes with human IL-4 and GM-CSF. |
| 4878 | 15837362 | Although the purity of mature DCs was relatively low IL-4/GM-CSF-treated monocytes (hereafter called Aotus spp. |
| 4879 | 15837362 | DCs) down-regulated CD14 and up-regulated discrete levels of CD80, MHC-Class II and CD1b molecules in response to different maturation stimuli. |
| 4880 | 15837362 | A population of cells exhibiting bona fide dendritic cell (DC) morphological and functional characteristics was obtained by treating Aotus spp. monocytes with human IL-4 and GM-CSF. |
| 4881 | 15837362 | Although the purity of mature DCs was relatively low IL-4/GM-CSF-treated monocytes (hereafter called Aotus spp. |
| 4882 | 15837362 | DCs) down-regulated CD14 and up-regulated discrete levels of CD80, MHC-Class II and CD1b molecules in response to different maturation stimuli. |
| 4883 | 15845642 | Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infects DC-SIGN- dendritic cell and causes the inhibition of IL-12 and the enhancement of IL-10 production. |
| 4884 | 15845642 | Recent studies have shown that BCG and Mtb target the DC-specific C-type lectin intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) to infect DC and inhibit their immunostimulatory function. |
| 4885 | 15845642 | This would occur through the interaction of the mycobacterial mannosylated lipoarabinomannan to DC-SIGN, which would prevent DC maturation and induce the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 synthesis. |
| 4886 | 15845642 | Here, we confirm that DC-SIGN is expressed in DC derived from monocytes cultured in granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 and show that it is not expressed in DC derived from monocytes cultured in GM-CSF and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). |
| 4887 | 15845642 | We also demonstrate that DC-SIGN(-) DC cultured in GM-CSF and IFN-alpha are able to phagocytose BCG and to undergo a maturation program as well as DC-SIGN(+) DC cultured in IL-4 and GM-CSF. |
| 4888 | 15845642 | We also show that BCG causes the impairment of IL-12 and the induction of IL-10 secretion by DC, irrespective of DC-SIGN expression. |
| 4889 | 15845642 | Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infects DC-SIGN- dendritic cell and causes the inhibition of IL-12 and the enhancement of IL-10 production. |
| 4890 | 15845642 | Recent studies have shown that BCG and Mtb target the DC-specific C-type lectin intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) to infect DC and inhibit their immunostimulatory function. |
| 4891 | 15845642 | This would occur through the interaction of the mycobacterial mannosylated lipoarabinomannan to DC-SIGN, which would prevent DC maturation and induce the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 synthesis. |
| 4892 | 15845642 | Here, we confirm that DC-SIGN is expressed in DC derived from monocytes cultured in granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 and show that it is not expressed in DC derived from monocytes cultured in GM-CSF and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). |
| 4893 | 15845642 | We also demonstrate that DC-SIGN(-) DC cultured in GM-CSF and IFN-alpha are able to phagocytose BCG and to undergo a maturation program as well as DC-SIGN(+) DC cultured in IL-4 and GM-CSF. |
| 4894 | 15845642 | We also show that BCG causes the impairment of IL-12 and the induction of IL-10 secretion by DC, irrespective of DC-SIGN expression. |
| 4895 | 15853723 | In addition, mice vaccinated with Env-mC3d3 at the highest doses of DNA had enhanced interleukin-4 secreting cells, while mice vaccinated with the lowest dose of DNA had enhanced interferon-gamma secreting cells. |
| 4896 | 15855014 | Here, we evaluated innate and adaptive immune system cytokine responses induced by HPV-16 L1 VLP in whole blood (WB) cultures from individuals receiving the vaccine (n=20) or placebo (n=4) before and after vaccination. 11 cytokines were measured: IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF using multiplex bead arrays. |
| 4897 | 15866335 | Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to assess the expression of CD44 on CD4+ and CD8+ cells derived from the MLN of immunised animals. |
| 4898 | 15866335 | Intranasal instillation of microencapsulated ESAT-6 induced greatest numbers of ESAT-6 specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 secreting cells in the lung and MLN (P<0.05). |
| 4899 | 15877606 | Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDC), the most frequently applied DC subset in clinical studies, which can be obtained easily from peripheral blood monocytes after incubation with GM-CSF and IL-4, have not been clearly demonstrated to be activated by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). |
| 4900 | 15877606 | However, we did not observe increased expression of maturation-associated and functionally relevant surface antigens (CD14, HLA-DR, CD40, CD83, CD80 and CD86), significant secretion of IL-12 and IFN-alpha in culture supernatant, or enhanced antitumour activation of cytokine-induced killer cells. |
| 4901 | 15879106 | CpG-independent synergistic induction of beta-chemokines and a dendritic cell phenotype by orthophosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in elutriated human primary monocytes. |
| 4902 | 15879106 | High levels of the Th1-attracting, HIV-1-inhibitory chemokines, CCL3/MIP-1alpha and CCL4/MIP-1beta, were induced in human primary monocytes when CpG- or non-CpG-ODN was combined with GM-CSF, but not with IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 4903 | 15879106 | Cells treated with non-CpG PS-ODN and GM-CSF expressed dendritic cell marker CD83 and high levels of HLA-DR and costimulatory molecules, and were CD14(-) or CD14(dim), consistent with monocyte differentiation into a dendritic cell phenotype. |
| 4904 | 15879106 | Secreted CCL3 and CCL4 were detected as a heterodimer. |
| 4905 | 15885128 | Analysis of the cytokine profiles of draining lymph nodes or lymph-node-derived mononuclear cells from different groups by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that, while gene-gun-bombardment induced a Th2-type cytokine microenvironment with increased interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 mRNA expression and almost no increase in IL-12 and interferon-gamma mRNA expression in draining lymph nodes, intradermal injection as well as subcutaneous injection of muscle induced the opposite. |
| 4906 | 15890793 | Enhanced leukocyte infiltration may be driven by increased levels of the type 1 cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, observed at the site of antigen reexposure in animals that had been stressed at the time of primary immunization. |
| 4907 | 15890793 | In contrast, no differences were observed in type 2 cytokines, IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 4908 | 15894487 | It was observed that the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 production rather than IL-4 and IL-6 were increased as the disease became more severe. |
| 4909 | 15894487 | On comparison, the subsequent values of IL-6, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-2 were found to be less significant in healthy primed T-cell cultures. |
| 4910 | 15894487 | It was observed that the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 production rather than IL-4 and IL-6 were increased as the disease became more severe. |
| 4911 | 15894487 | On comparison, the subsequent values of IL-6, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-2 were found to be less significant in healthy primed T-cell cultures. |
| 4912 | 15905560 | Kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 DNA vaccination induces complete protection against both pentavalent antimonial-sensitive and -resistant strains of Leishmania donovani that correlates with inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and IL-4 generation: evidence for mixed Th1- and Th2-like responses in visceral leishmaniasis. |
| 4913 | 15905560 | KMP-11 DNA vaccinated hamsters were protected by a surge in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 levels along with extreme down-regulation of IL-10. |
| 4914 | 15905564 | IL-12/23 p40(-/-) and IFN-gamma(-/-) mice, which were able to reject the initial inoculation of IL-4 expressing tumors, failed to mount a sustained systemic response against parental (nontransfected) tumor cells. |
| 4915 | 15905564 | Adoptive transfer of TIDCs isolated from vaccinated wild-type, but not IL-12/23 p40(-/-), mice were capable of promoting tumor-specific CTL responses in syngeneic recipient animals. |
| 4916 | 15905564 | Interestingly, both STAT4(-/-) and STAT6(-/-) mice failed to reject IL-4-transfected tumors in concert with the reduced capacity of TIDCs to produce IL-12p70 and to promote specific antitumor CTL reactivity. |
| 4917 | 15905564 | IL-12/23 p40(-/-) and IFN-gamma(-/-) mice, which were able to reject the initial inoculation of IL-4 expressing tumors, failed to mount a sustained systemic response against parental (nontransfected) tumor cells. |
| 4918 | 15905564 | Adoptive transfer of TIDCs isolated from vaccinated wild-type, but not IL-12/23 p40(-/-), mice were capable of promoting tumor-specific CTL responses in syngeneic recipient animals. |
| 4919 | 15905564 | Interestingly, both STAT4(-/-) and STAT6(-/-) mice failed to reject IL-4-transfected tumors in concert with the reduced capacity of TIDCs to produce IL-12p70 and to promote specific antitumor CTL reactivity. |
| 4920 | 15908354 | In vitro stimulation of splenocytes from the vaccinated mice with either recombinant Cu,Zn SOD (rSOD) or crude Brucella protein resulted in a T-cell proliferative response and the induction of gamma interferon secretion but not interleukin-4. |
| 4921 | 15919138 | However, it was not known if B7-1/Ig acted only by binding CD28 (amplifying a stimulatory signal) or by blocking CTLA-4 on T cells (removing inhibitory signals). |
| 4922 | 15919138 | Here, we aimed to determine this using a plasmid encoding mutant B7-1/Ig (B7-1wa/Ig), which binds only to CTLA-4 but not to CD28. |
| 4923 | 15919138 | We found that, in vitro, a significant fraction of CD3/CD28-activated T cells (in the absence of DCs) expressed CTLA-4 and B7-1. |
| 4924 | 15919138 | Primed T cells of CTLA-4(+)B7-1(+/-) phenotype acted as regulatory T cells by inhibiting IFNgamma production by re-stimulated CTLA-4(-)B7-1(-) cells, and this was reversed by antibodies against IL-10 or TGF-beta1. |
| 4925 | 15919138 | Both B7-1wa/Ig and CTLA-4/Ig, which bind to CTLA-4 and B7-1/B7-2 respectively, enhanced IFNgamma production, but not the proliferation or IL-4 release in mixed T-cell populations containing these two cell types. |
| 4926 | 15919138 | In contrast, CTLA-4(-)B7-1(-) T cells produced IFNgamma which was not affected by B7-1wa/Ig or CTLA-4/Ig. |
| 4927 | 15927322 | Both IgG1 and IgG2a hMPV-specific antibodies were found in sera, while interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were found in bronchoalveolar lavage. |
| 4928 | 15944302 | Whereas RA reduced type 1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12), PIC enhanced both type 1 and type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-12) and cytokine-related transcription factors. |
| 4929 | 15944302 | Despite the presence of PIC, the IL-4:IFN-gamma ratio was significantly elevated by RA. |
| 4930 | 15944302 | In addition, RA and/or PIC modulated NK/NKT cell populations and the level of expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80/CD86, evident 3 days after priming. |
| 4931 | 15944302 | Notably, the NKT:NK and CD80:CD86 ratios were correlated with the IL-4:IFN-gamma ratio, indicative of multiple converging modes of regulation. |
| 4932 | 15944302 | Whereas RA reduced type 1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12), PIC enhanced both type 1 and type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-12) and cytokine-related transcription factors. |
| 4933 | 15944302 | Despite the presence of PIC, the IL-4:IFN-gamma ratio was significantly elevated by RA. |
| 4934 | 15944302 | In addition, RA and/or PIC modulated NK/NKT cell populations and the level of expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80/CD86, evident 3 days after priming. |
| 4935 | 15944302 | Notably, the NKT:NK and CD80:CD86 ratios were correlated with the IL-4:IFN-gamma ratio, indicative of multiple converging modes of regulation. |
| 4936 | 15944302 | Whereas RA reduced type 1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12), PIC enhanced both type 1 and type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-12) and cytokine-related transcription factors. |
| 4937 | 15944302 | Despite the presence of PIC, the IL-4:IFN-gamma ratio was significantly elevated by RA. |
| 4938 | 15944302 | In addition, RA and/or PIC modulated NK/NKT cell populations and the level of expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80/CD86, evident 3 days after priming. |
| 4939 | 15944302 | Notably, the NKT:NK and CD80:CD86 ratios were correlated with the IL-4:IFN-gamma ratio, indicative of multiple converging modes of regulation. |
| 4940 | 15944732 | In mice vaccinated and supplemented with Imiquimod, a small but significant increase of rat p185neu-specific cytotoxicity and of IFN-gamma and IL-2-producing CD8T cells, together with a reduction of IL-4-producing CD4T cells, and a switch from an IgG1 towards a IgG2a phenotype of anti-p185neu antibodies, suggested a TH1 polarization of the immune response. |
| 4941 | 15946922 | Accordingly, in spleen cell supernatants the Th1-associated cytokine IFN-gamma was increased, and the Th2-associated cytokine IL-4 was downregulated. |
| 4942 | 15947427 | In presence of anti-CD3, the 57 kDa antigen was found to increase the level of IL-2 significantly instead of IL-4. |
| 4943 | 15947427 | Furthermore, the protein tyrosine kinase was activated during anti-CD3 stimulation, which up-regulated the phosphatidylinositol kinase of p85-mediated serine kinase protein kinase-C of p70. |
| 4944 | 15958066 | It induced lower but progressive production of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. |
| 4945 | 15958067 | Enhanced clearance of Candida albicans correlated with both early mRNA gene expression for interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma and expression of their secreted products in cultures of cervical lymph nodes stimulated with Candida antigen. |
| 4946 | 15958067 | Delayed clearance, less pronounced levels of the cytokine response, saliva IFN-gamma and nitric oxide, and later mRNA expression for IL-4 and IFN-gamma relative to feeding with the L. acidophilus isolate were noted in mice fed a different Lactobacillus isolate (L. fermentum). |
| 4947 | 15958067 | Enhanced clearance of Candida albicans correlated with both early mRNA gene expression for interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma and expression of their secreted products in cultures of cervical lymph nodes stimulated with Candida antigen. |
| 4948 | 15958067 | Delayed clearance, less pronounced levels of the cytokine response, saliva IFN-gamma and nitric oxide, and later mRNA expression for IL-4 and IFN-gamma relative to feeding with the L. acidophilus isolate were noted in mice fed a different Lactobacillus isolate (L. fermentum). |
| 4949 | 15961574 | To identify DCs with differing abilities to direct Th1/Th2 cell differentiation, we cultured mouse bone marrow progenitors in granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM), GM + interleukin (IL)-4, or GM + IL-15 and generated three distinct DC populations. |
| 4950 | 15961574 | The GM + IL-4 DCs expressed high levels of CD80/CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and produced low levels of IL-12p70. |
| 4951 | 15961574 | GM and GM + IL-15 DCs expressed low levels of CD80/CD86 and MHC class II. |
| 4952 | 15961574 | The GM + IL-15 DCs produced high levels of IL-12p70 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, whereas GM DCs produced only high levels of IL-12p70. |
| 4953 | 15961574 | Naive T cells stimulated with GM + IL-4 DCs secreted high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in addition to IFN-gamma. |
| 4954 | 15961574 | In contrast, the GM + IL-15 DCs induced higher IFN-gamma production by T cells with little or no Th2 cytokines. |
| 4955 | 15961574 | To identify DCs with differing abilities to direct Th1/Th2 cell differentiation, we cultured mouse bone marrow progenitors in granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM), GM + interleukin (IL)-4, or GM + IL-15 and generated three distinct DC populations. |
| 4956 | 15961574 | The GM + IL-4 DCs expressed high levels of CD80/CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and produced low levels of IL-12p70. |
| 4957 | 15961574 | GM and GM + IL-15 DCs expressed low levels of CD80/CD86 and MHC class II. |
| 4958 | 15961574 | The GM + IL-15 DCs produced high levels of IL-12p70 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, whereas GM DCs produced only high levels of IL-12p70. |
| 4959 | 15961574 | Naive T cells stimulated with GM + IL-4 DCs secreted high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in addition to IFN-gamma. |
| 4960 | 15961574 | In contrast, the GM + IL-15 DCs induced higher IFN-gamma production by T cells with little or no Th2 cytokines. |
| 4961 | 15961574 | To identify DCs with differing abilities to direct Th1/Th2 cell differentiation, we cultured mouse bone marrow progenitors in granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM), GM + interleukin (IL)-4, or GM + IL-15 and generated three distinct DC populations. |
| 4962 | 15961574 | The GM + IL-4 DCs expressed high levels of CD80/CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and produced low levels of IL-12p70. |
| 4963 | 15961574 | GM and GM + IL-15 DCs expressed low levels of CD80/CD86 and MHC class II. |
| 4964 | 15961574 | The GM + IL-15 DCs produced high levels of IL-12p70 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, whereas GM DCs produced only high levels of IL-12p70. |
| 4965 | 15961574 | Naive T cells stimulated with GM + IL-4 DCs secreted high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in addition to IFN-gamma. |
| 4966 | 15961574 | In contrast, the GM + IL-15 DCs induced higher IFN-gamma production by T cells with little or no Th2 cytokines. |
| 4967 | 15972497 | Our results showed that StxB1 and mStx1, but not native Stx1 (nStx1), resulted in enhanced expression of CD86, CD40, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and, to some extent, also enhanced the expression of CD80 on bone marrow-derived DCs. |
| 4968 | 15972497 | StxB1-treated DCs exhibited an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 (IL-12) production, a stimulation of DO11.10 T-cell proliferation, and the production of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. |
| 4969 | 15972497 | When mice were given StxB1 subcutaneously, the levels of CD80, CD86, and CD40, as well as MHC class II expression by splenic DCs, were enhanced. |
| 4970 | 15972497 | OVA-specific CD4+ T cells isolated from mice immunized with OVA plus mStx1 or StxB1 produced IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, indicating that mStx1 and StxB1 elicit both Th1- and Th2-type responses. |
| 4971 | 15972497 | Our results showed that StxB1 and mStx1, but not native Stx1 (nStx1), resulted in enhanced expression of CD86, CD40, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and, to some extent, also enhanced the expression of CD80 on bone marrow-derived DCs. |
| 4972 | 15972497 | StxB1-treated DCs exhibited an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 (IL-12) production, a stimulation of DO11.10 T-cell proliferation, and the production of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. |
| 4973 | 15972497 | When mice were given StxB1 subcutaneously, the levels of CD80, CD86, and CD40, as well as MHC class II expression by splenic DCs, were enhanced. |
| 4974 | 15972497 | OVA-specific CD4+ T cells isolated from mice immunized with OVA plus mStx1 or StxB1 produced IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, indicating that mStx1 and StxB1 elicit both Th1- and Th2-type responses. |
| 4975 | 15985227 | Vaccination via intranasal and subcutaneous routes triggered immune activation in the spleen and cervical lymph node, while the former route of vaccination lead to higher antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation, interferon-gamma, interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 responses in cervical lymph node and induction of antigen-specific IgA responses at mucosal level of the respiratory tract. |
| 4976 | 15989657 | Other factors may, however, influence responses in vivo, including host genetic make-up, microbial load and the induction of antagonistic cytokine pathways, notably IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 4977 | 16000953 | A homologous series of Ii-Key/gp100(46-58) hybrids was synthesized to test the influence of spacer length (between Ii-Key and the gp100(48-58) epitope) on in vivo enhancement of gp100(48-58)-specific CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses. |
| 4978 | 16000953 | As measured by IFN-gamma and IL-4 ELISPOT cytokine assays, the most effective vaccine hybrid was the one with a shorter linker between Ii-Key and the epitope. |
| 4979 | 16000958 | In this study six patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer were monitored for their ability to mount PSA-specific cellular responses after receiving a pVAX/PSA DNA vaccine (patients 1-3, 100 microg; patients 7-9, 900 microg) with recombinant GM-CSF and IL-2 as adjuvants. |
| 4980 | 16000958 | IFNgamma ELISPOT showed that naturally processed PSA protein and PSA peptides are recognized by T cells in the blood of some prostate cancer patients after a PSA DNA vaccine. |
| 4981 | 16000958 | Analysis of other cytokines showed the production of IL-4 and IL-6 but importantly did not show an increase in the number of IL-10-producing cells after vaccination in any of the patients. |
| 4982 | 16002678 | Treatment of naive mice with the COX-2 inhibitor, SC-58236, skewed splenocytes toward a type 1 cytokine response, inducing IFN-gamma, IL-12, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10, whereas the type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 remained unaltered. |
| 4983 | 16002678 | Studies performed in CD4 and CD8 knockout mice revealed a requirement for the CD4 T lymphocyte subset for the complete rejection of tumors. |
| 4984 | 16002678 | In vivo depletion of IFN-gamma abrogated the COX-2 inhibitor-mediated enhancement of the vaccination effect. |
| 4985 | 16014914 | In the first few days postinfection, RSV/IL-4 was associated with a small but significant acceleration in the expansion of pulmonary T lymphocytes specific for an RSV CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope presented as a major histocompatibility complex class I tetramer. |
| 4986 | 16014914 | Following a challenge with wt RSV, there was an increase in Th2 cytokines in the animals that had previously been infected with RSV/IL-4 compared to those previously infected with wt RSV, but the CD8(+) CTL response and the amount of pulmonary inflammation were not significantly different. |
| 4987 | 16014914 | In the first few days postinfection, RSV/IL-4 was associated with a small but significant acceleration in the expansion of pulmonary T lymphocytes specific for an RSV CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope presented as a major histocompatibility complex class I tetramer. |
| 4988 | 16014914 | Following a challenge with wt RSV, there was an increase in Th2 cytokines in the animals that had previously been infected with RSV/IL-4 compared to those previously infected with wt RSV, but the CD8(+) CTL response and the amount of pulmonary inflammation were not significantly different. |
| 4989 | 16037410 | Dendritic cells differentiated in the presence of IFN-{beta} and IL-3 are potent inducers of an antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response. |
| 4990 | 16037410 | Classically, mature monocyte-derived DC are generated in vitro in the presence of interleukin (IL)-4, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and inflammatory cytokines (G4-DC). |
| 4991 | 16037410 | Recently, it has been described that DC can also be generated in the presence of IL-3 and interferon (IFN)-beta and that these DC are efficiently matured using polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (I3-DC). |
| 4992 | 16037410 | Phenotypic characterization of the DC revealed differences in the expression of the monocyte marker CD14 and the maturation marker CD83. |
| 4993 | 16037410 | Low expression of CD14 and high expression of CD83 characterized G4-DC, whereas I3-DC displayed intermediate expression of CD14 and CD83. |
| 4994 | 16037410 | Upon CD40 ligation, G4-DC produced lower amounts of IFN-alpha and pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine, similar amounts of IL-6, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta, and higher amounts of IL-12 p70, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and MIP-3beta than I3-DC. |
| 4995 | 16037410 | Finally, in vitro stimulations showed that fresh and frozen peptide-loaded I3-DC are more potent inducers of Melan-A-specific CD8(+) T cell responses than G4-DC. |
| 4996 | 16041007 | Mucosal type 2/3 responses (producing interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-6 and/or transforming growth factor beta) could be necessary for optimal induction of protective secretory immunoglobulin A responses. |
| 4997 | 16041007 | On the other hand, systemic type 1 responses (including gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], tumor necrosis factor alpha, and optimal cytotoxic T-cell responses) are likely to be critical for protection against the disseminated intracellular replication that occurs after mucosal invasion. |
| 4998 | 16041007 | T. cruzi infection followed by nifurtimox treatment rescue was used to immunize CD4, CD8, beta2-microglobulin, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 knockout mice. |
| 4999 | 16041007 | Despite the previously demonstrated importance of CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and nitric oxide for T. cruzi immunity, CD4, CD8, and iNOS knockout mice developed mucosal and systemic protective immunity. |
| 5000 | 16041007 | However, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and beta2-microglobulin-deficient mice failed to develop mucosal or systemic protection. |
| 5001 | 16041007 | Mucosal type 2/3 responses (producing interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-6 and/or transforming growth factor beta) could be necessary for optimal induction of protective secretory immunoglobulin A responses. |
| 5002 | 16041007 | On the other hand, systemic type 1 responses (including gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], tumor necrosis factor alpha, and optimal cytotoxic T-cell responses) are likely to be critical for protection against the disseminated intracellular replication that occurs after mucosal invasion. |
| 5003 | 16041007 | T. cruzi infection followed by nifurtimox treatment rescue was used to immunize CD4, CD8, beta2-microglobulin, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 knockout mice. |
| 5004 | 16041007 | Despite the previously demonstrated importance of CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and nitric oxide for T. cruzi immunity, CD4, CD8, and iNOS knockout mice developed mucosal and systemic protective immunity. |
| 5005 | 16041007 | However, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and beta2-microglobulin-deficient mice failed to develop mucosal or systemic protection. |
| 5006 | 16041023 | Recombinant Ags 85A, 85B, and 85C induced significant lymphocyte proliferation as well as the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), but not IL-4, from low and medium shedders. |
| 5007 | 16041023 | The 35-kDa protein also induced significant lymphocyte proliferation as well as the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 from low and medium shedders. |
| 5008 | 16041023 | CD4(+) T cells and CD25(+) (IL-2R) T cells were stimulated the most by 85A and 85B, while the 35-kDa protein primarily stimulated CD21(+) B cells involved in humoral immune responses. |
| 5009 | 16041023 | Recombinant Ags 85A, 85B, and 85C induced significant lymphocyte proliferation as well as the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), but not IL-4, from low and medium shedders. |
| 5010 | 16041023 | The 35-kDa protein also induced significant lymphocyte proliferation as well as the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 from low and medium shedders. |
| 5011 | 16041023 | CD4(+) T cells and CD25(+) (IL-2R) T cells were stimulated the most by 85A and 85B, while the 35-kDa protein primarily stimulated CD21(+) B cells involved in humoral immune responses. |
| 5012 | 16042165 | [Boost effect of recombinant IL-4 on protection of Schistosoma japonicum cathepsin B DNA vaccine in mice against the parasite]. |
| 5013 | 16051244 | Decreased congenital transmission among immunized mice correlated with a predominately Th2 immune response compared to non-immunized mice as indicated by an increased ratio of interleukin 4 (IL-4) to interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion from antigen-stimulated splenocytes. |
| 5014 | 16053938 | The level of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and TNF-alpha released by spleen lymphocytes stimulated with PPD was detected with ELISA. |
| 5015 | 16053938 | Vaccination with pcD85B induced high level of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 5016 | 16081596 | Anti-CTLA-4 treatment enhanced the antibody production in SCID/SCID mice reconstituted with B lymphocytes and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes but not in SCID/SCID mice reconstituted with B lymphocytes in the absence of CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) cells. |
| 5017 | 16081596 | Administration of anti-CTLA-4 in BALB/c mice but not in nu/nu mice resulted in a markedly increased production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma. |
| 5018 | 16081824 | Polarized Th1 vs Th2 responses in Leishmania major-infected mice suggested that a shift in balance from IL-4 to IFN-gamma was the key to vaccine success. |
| 5019 | 16081824 | Both induced low IL-4 and high IFN-gamma prechallenge. |
| 5020 | 16081824 | Strikingly, high prechallenge CD4 T cell-derived IL-10 predicted vaccine failure using LACK, whereas low IL-10 predicted protection with TRYP. |
| 5021 | 16081824 | The ratio of IFN-gamma:IL-10 was thus a clear prechallenge indicator of vaccine success. |
| 5022 | 16081824 | Challenge infection caused further polarization to high IL-10/low IFN-gamma with LACK and low IL-10/high IFN-gamma with TRYP. |
| 5023 | 16081824 | Ex vivo quantitative RT-PCR and in vitro depletion and suppression experiments demonstrated that Ag-driven CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory 1-like cells were the primary source of IL-10 in LACK-vaccinated mice. |
| 5024 | 16081824 | Anti-IL-10R treatment in vivo demonstrated that IL-10 was functional in determining vaccine failure, rendering LACK protective in the presence of high IFN-gamma/low IL-5 responses. |
| 5025 | 16081824 | Polarized Th1 vs Th2 responses in Leishmania major-infected mice suggested that a shift in balance from IL-4 to IFN-gamma was the key to vaccine success. |
| 5026 | 16081824 | Both induced low IL-4 and high IFN-gamma prechallenge. |
| 5027 | 16081824 | Strikingly, high prechallenge CD4 T cell-derived IL-10 predicted vaccine failure using LACK, whereas low IL-10 predicted protection with TRYP. |
| 5028 | 16081824 | The ratio of IFN-gamma:IL-10 was thus a clear prechallenge indicator of vaccine success. |
| 5029 | 16081824 | Challenge infection caused further polarization to high IL-10/low IFN-gamma with LACK and low IL-10/high IFN-gamma with TRYP. |
| 5030 | 16081824 | Ex vivo quantitative RT-PCR and in vitro depletion and suppression experiments demonstrated that Ag-driven CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory 1-like cells were the primary source of IL-10 in LACK-vaccinated mice. |
| 5031 | 16081824 | Anti-IL-10R treatment in vivo demonstrated that IL-10 was functional in determining vaccine failure, rendering LACK protective in the presence of high IFN-gamma/low IL-5 responses. |
| 5032 | 16081851 | Mice bearing intracranial GL261 glioma or MCA205 sarcoma received peripheral immunizations with corresponding irradiated tumor cells engineered to express IL-4 or GM-CSFs, respectively, as well as intratumoral delivery of DC-IFN-alpha. |
| 5033 | 16081851 | This regimen prolonged survival of the animals and induced tumor-specific CTLs that expressed TRAIL, which in concert with perforin and Fas ligand (FasL) was involved in the tumor-specific CTL activity of these cells. |
| 5034 | 16081851 | The in vivo antitumor activity associated with this approach was abrogated by administration of neutralizing mAbs against TRAIL or FasL and was not observed in perforin-/-, IFN-gamma-/-, or FasL-/- mice. |
| 5035 | 16081851 | Transduction of the tumor cells with antiapoptotic protein cellular FLIP rendered the gene-modified cells resistant to TRAIL- or FasL-mediated apoptosis and to CTL killing activity in vitro. |
| 5036 | 16087712 | IL-4 receptor expression on CD8+ T cells is required for the development of protective memory responses against liver stages of malaria parasites. |
| 5037 | 16087712 | IL-4 receptor (IL-4R)-deficient CD8+ T cells specific for the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium yoelii develop a severely impaired memory response after priming with parasites. |
| 5038 | 16087712 | These results demonstrate that IL-4/IL-4R interactions on CD8+ T cells play a critical role in modulating the development and tissue distribution of memory cells induced by parasite immunization. |
| 5039 | 16087712 | IL-4 receptor expression on CD8+ T cells is required for the development of protective memory responses against liver stages of malaria parasites. |
| 5040 | 16087712 | IL-4 receptor (IL-4R)-deficient CD8+ T cells specific for the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium yoelii develop a severely impaired memory response after priming with parasites. |
| 5041 | 16087712 | These results demonstrate that IL-4/IL-4R interactions on CD8+ T cells play a critical role in modulating the development and tissue distribution of memory cells induced by parasite immunization. |
| 5042 | 16087712 | IL-4 receptor expression on CD8+ T cells is required for the development of protective memory responses against liver stages of malaria parasites. |
| 5043 | 16087712 | IL-4 receptor (IL-4R)-deficient CD8+ T cells specific for the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium yoelii develop a severely impaired memory response after priming with parasites. |
| 5044 | 16087712 | These results demonstrate that IL-4/IL-4R interactions on CD8+ T cells play a critical role in modulating the development and tissue distribution of memory cells induced by parasite immunization. |
| 5045 | 16099080 | The cytokine measurement profile of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-6 and low levels of IL-4 in the cultural supernatants of SP, PP and LP showed mixed CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 immune response. |
| 5046 | 16101162 | Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) were generated from peripheral blood monocytes of 12 healthy volunteers (hMo-DCs) and 11 patients (pMo-DCs) with malignancies by culture for 7 days with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 5047 | 16101960 | After nonlethal challenge with invasive P. gingivalis W50, production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-12 was elevated; however, interferon (IFN)-gamma was lower in the serum of the DNA vaccine-immunized mice than in the serum of nonimmunized mice. |
| 5048 | 16114559 | [Effects of BCG-PSN on serum levels of IL-4 and IL-12 in patients with condyloma acuminatum]. |
| 5049 | 16125469 | Mice bearing SCCVII/SF cells in the oral cavity were vaccinated subcutaneously with irradiated, rvv-IL-2-infected tumor cells combined with intratumoral injection of rvv-IL-2, resulting in recruitment of larger numbers of CD3+ CD8+ and CD3+ CD4+ T cells in the spleen (Sp) and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) compared to control vaccine rvv-lacZ. |
| 5050 | 16125469 | Tumor-specific CD8+ T and CD4+ helper T cell activities in the Sp and TDLN were significantly increased in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5051 | 16125469 | Sp and TDLN cells from rvv-IL-2-treated mice secreted significantly higher levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma compared to rvv-lacZ-treated mice, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were comparable. |
| 5052 | 16125469 | Numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells were also higher in rvv-IL-2-treated mice. |
| 5053 | 16125469 | Vaccine efficiency was completely abolished by depletion of CD8+/CD4+ T cells from rvv-IL-2-vaccinated mice. |
| 5054 | 16125469 | We conclude that anti-tumor activities of rvv-IL-2 are due to the induction of tumor-specific CD8+ CTL and CD4+ Th1-type helper T cells, and rvv-IL-2 may be used for treatment of HNSCC patients, since SCC VII/SF closely resembles HNSCC. |
| 5055 | 16133111 | A new dendritic cell vaccine generated with interleukin-3 and interferon-beta induces CD8+ T cell responses against NA17-A2 tumor peptide in melanoma patients. |
| 5056 | 16133111 | We conclude that DC generated in type I-IFN represent an interesting alternative to DC generated in IL-4 and GM-CSF for cancer immunotherapy. |
| 5057 | 16138194 | NKT cells failed to proliferate and produce IFN-gamma upon alpha-GalCer restimulation but retained the capacity to produce IL-4. |
| 5058 | 16140388 | Use of a variety of vaccination strategies has shown that IFN-gamma responses in isolation were not necessarily associated with protection and concurrent IL-4 mRNA expression or antibody responses could also be induced. |
| 5059 | 16140388 | IFN-gamma responses to ESAT-6, antibody responses following tuberculin skin testing and antigen-specific IL-4 mRNA expression all correlated with the severity of disease and indirectly provided an indication of protection. |
| 5060 | 16140388 | Use of a variety of vaccination strategies has shown that IFN-gamma responses in isolation were not necessarily associated with protection and concurrent IL-4 mRNA expression or antibody responses could also be induced. |
| 5061 | 16140388 | IFN-gamma responses to ESAT-6, antibody responses following tuberculin skin testing and antigen-specific IL-4 mRNA expression all correlated with the severity of disease and indirectly provided an indication of protection. |
| 5062 | 16140437 | Elevated IL-4 production was also observed in vaccinated dogs, especially in relation to IFN-gamma production (IL-4/IFN-gamma ratio). |
| 5063 | 16142359 | DCs were generated by culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4 for 7 days. |
| 5064 | 16148146 | Porphyromonas gingivalis, a pathogen associated with periodontitis, bound to fibrinogen, fibronectin, hemoglobin, and collagen type V with a similar profile to that of its major virulence factor, the cell surface RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complex. |
| 5065 | 16148146 | Furthermore, mice protected in the lesion and periodontitis models had a predominant P. gingivalis-specific IL-4 response, whereas mice with disease had a predominant IFN-gamma response. |
| 5066 | 16149990 | Abomasal lymph nodes and/or abomasal mucosa were collected and messenger RNA for the Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12 p40 subunit), the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15) and the Th3/Tr cytokine TGF-beta was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. |
| 5067 | 16149990 | However, following infection all calves showed a significant decrease in the Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-12 p40, and a significant increase in the Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 in the lymph nodes, compared to non-infected calves. |
| 5068 | 16149990 | In contrast, a Th2 pattern was not observed in the mucosa of the infected calves, which exhibited an increase in IFN-gamma as well as in the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 mRNA. |
| 5069 | 16149990 | Abomasal lymph nodes and/or abomasal mucosa were collected and messenger RNA for the Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12 p40 subunit), the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15) and the Th3/Tr cytokine TGF-beta was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. |
| 5070 | 16149990 | However, following infection all calves showed a significant decrease in the Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-12 p40, and a significant increase in the Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 in the lymph nodes, compared to non-infected calves. |
| 5071 | 16149990 | In contrast, a Th2 pattern was not observed in the mucosa of the infected calves, which exhibited an increase in IFN-gamma as well as in the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 mRNA. |
| 5072 | 16149990 | Abomasal lymph nodes and/or abomasal mucosa were collected and messenger RNA for the Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12 p40 subunit), the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15) and the Th3/Tr cytokine TGF-beta was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. |
| 5073 | 16149990 | However, following infection all calves showed a significant decrease in the Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-12 p40, and a significant increase in the Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 in the lymph nodes, compared to non-infected calves. |
| 5074 | 16149990 | In contrast, a Th2 pattern was not observed in the mucosa of the infected calves, which exhibited an increase in IFN-gamma as well as in the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 mRNA. |
| 5075 | 16154491 | In order to investigate whether DC properties are influenced by proteins present in the plasma, we matured human monocyte-derived DC with four main plasma components: fibrinogen, fibronectin, plasminogen or C-reactive protein. |
| 5076 | 16154491 | These purified proteins were added at various concentrations on day 6 after the initial differentiation induced by IL-4 and GM-CSF. |
| 5077 | 16154491 | The maturation was assessed by phenotyping of maturation-associated marker (CD83) and co-stimulatory molecule CD86 as well as IL-12 production. |
| 5078 | 16158275 | To address this, weakly immunogenic B16-F10 (H-2b) murine melanoma was transfected to secrete either GM-CSF, IL-4 or IL-7. |
| 5079 | 16158275 | Both GM-CSF and IL-7 significantly (P<0.05) increased the levels of protection within syngeneic B6 mice, but had a diminished effect (P>0.05) within C3H allogeneic mice. |
| 5080 | 16162362 | This study investigated the effect of swine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and swine interleukin 4 (IL-4) on the development of immune responses induced by a PRRSV-ORF7 DNA vaccine (phCMV-ORF7). |
| 5081 | 16162362 | Groups of 3-week-old certified PRRSV-free, castrated male, Yorkshire crossbred pigs, were vaccinated with or without the IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 5082 | 16162362 | The group of swine receiving the vaccine plus IL-2 had significant virus-specific blastogenic responses 3 weeks after the vaccine-cytokine boost, when compared to those of the experimental pigs that received the vaccine plus IL-4, vaccine alone, unvaccinated controls or the pigs vaccinated with the DNA vaccine cloned in the reverse orientation (phCMV-ORF7(Rev)). |
| 5083 | 16162362 | These results demonstrate that IL-2 has a positive inductive effect on the activation of vaccine-induced virus-specific cellular immunity, while IL-4 appeared to have a suppressive effect. |
| 5084 | 16162362 | This study investigated the effect of swine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and swine interleukin 4 (IL-4) on the development of immune responses induced by a PRRSV-ORF7 DNA vaccine (phCMV-ORF7). |
| 5085 | 16162362 | Groups of 3-week-old certified PRRSV-free, castrated male, Yorkshire crossbred pigs, were vaccinated with or without the IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 5086 | 16162362 | The group of swine receiving the vaccine plus IL-2 had significant virus-specific blastogenic responses 3 weeks after the vaccine-cytokine boost, when compared to those of the experimental pigs that received the vaccine plus IL-4, vaccine alone, unvaccinated controls or the pigs vaccinated with the DNA vaccine cloned in the reverse orientation (phCMV-ORF7(Rev)). |
| 5087 | 16162362 | These results demonstrate that IL-2 has a positive inductive effect on the activation of vaccine-induced virus-specific cellular immunity, while IL-4 appeared to have a suppressive effect. |
| 5088 | 16162362 | This study investigated the effect of swine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and swine interleukin 4 (IL-4) on the development of immune responses induced by a PRRSV-ORF7 DNA vaccine (phCMV-ORF7). |
| 5089 | 16162362 | Groups of 3-week-old certified PRRSV-free, castrated male, Yorkshire crossbred pigs, were vaccinated with or without the IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 5090 | 16162362 | The group of swine receiving the vaccine plus IL-2 had significant virus-specific blastogenic responses 3 weeks after the vaccine-cytokine boost, when compared to those of the experimental pigs that received the vaccine plus IL-4, vaccine alone, unvaccinated controls or the pigs vaccinated with the DNA vaccine cloned in the reverse orientation (phCMV-ORF7(Rev)). |
| 5091 | 16162362 | These results demonstrate that IL-2 has a positive inductive effect on the activation of vaccine-induced virus-specific cellular immunity, while IL-4 appeared to have a suppressive effect. |
| 5092 | 16162362 | This study investigated the effect of swine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and swine interleukin 4 (IL-4) on the development of immune responses induced by a PRRSV-ORF7 DNA vaccine (phCMV-ORF7). |
| 5093 | 16162362 | Groups of 3-week-old certified PRRSV-free, castrated male, Yorkshire crossbred pigs, were vaccinated with or without the IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 5094 | 16162362 | The group of swine receiving the vaccine plus IL-2 had significant virus-specific blastogenic responses 3 weeks after the vaccine-cytokine boost, when compared to those of the experimental pigs that received the vaccine plus IL-4, vaccine alone, unvaccinated controls or the pigs vaccinated with the DNA vaccine cloned in the reverse orientation (phCMV-ORF7(Rev)). |
| 5095 | 16162362 | These results demonstrate that IL-2 has a positive inductive effect on the activation of vaccine-induced virus-specific cellular immunity, while IL-4 appeared to have a suppressive effect. |
| 5096 | 16165220 | The GapC/B protein elicited strong humoral and cellular responses in mice as judged by the levels of total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and number of IL-4- and IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 5097 | 16169588 | The titres of specific antibodies and serum IgG1/IgG2 ratio to PRV vaccine, the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), IL-4 and interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) in piglets serum were examined to identify the immune response of the newborn piglets. |
| 5098 | 16169588 | The results showed that piglets immunized with PRV vaccine and CpG ODN presented high titers of PRV-specific antibodies and IgG2 isotype, a Th1-dominated (IFN-gamma) cytokine profile, together with inducing higher proliferation of PBMCs. |
| 5099 | 16178761 | Other areas include the development of humanised monoclonal antibodies for asthma therapy including those against IgE, IL-4 and IL-5 together with the inhibition of adhesion pathways and/or chemokines responsible for inflammatory cell accumulation in the asthmatic lung. |
| 5100 | 16178761 | The potential for immunotherapy using T cell peptide epitopes or DNA-based vaccines and the use of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 or IFN-gamma are discussed. |
| 5101 | 16184234 | In the case of cytokines production were observed that interferon (IFN-gamma) and interlukin (IL-2) were significantly enhanced, while IL-4 and IL-10 was almost unchanged to make comparison between primary and secondary infection at 12 Gy irradiation dose. |
| 5102 | 16184234 | Up-regulation of Th1 type cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-2 may be affected to develop vaccine by irradiated MC. |
| 5103 | 16186238 | Interleukin 1 alpha (IL1alpha), alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), IL6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), GROalpha and MIP-1beta mRNA were elevated soon after infection, and expression coincided with virus replication. |
| 5104 | 16186238 | A biphasic response was observed for RANTES, IFN-gamma, IL4, IL10 and IL12-p40, with increased mRNA levels early during virus replication followed by a later increase that coincided with pulmonary inflammation. |
| 5105 | 16196366 | AML cells or monocytes were cultured in RPMI 1640 media supplemented with foetal bovine serum or autologous serum where possible and different combinations of cytokines GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-alpha. |
| 5106 | 16197973 | Human monocytes were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days followed by another 1 day in the presence of SUL-1 or LPS. |
| 5107 | 16197973 | The expression levels of CD1a, CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR as expressed by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on DC differentiated from immature DC after culture with 1.0 microg/ml of SUL-1 for 1 day were enhanced and decreased endocytic activity. |
| 5108 | 16197973 | Cell surface expression of CD80, CD83 and CD86 on SUL-1-treated DC was inhibited by anti-DC-SIGN mAb, while anti-DC-SIGN mAb had no influence on allogeneic T cell proliferation by SUL-1-treated DC. |
| 5109 | 16204627 | Splenic PGE2-M Ø from Balb/c mice, given 0.01 or 1 mg heat-killed (HK) Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intraperitoneally (i.p.), were characterized by the ex vivo release of PGE2 (>10 ng/10(6) cells), cytokine production, and expression of PGG/H synthase (PGHS)-1, PGHS-2, cytosolic PGE synthase (PGES), and microsomal PGES-1. |
| 5110 | 16204627 | At Day 14 after the treatment, mice treated with 1 mg, but not 0.01 mg, BCG had increased levels of PGHS-2+ PGE2-MØ, total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and serum IgG1 antibodies (Th2 responses) against heat shock protein 65 and purified protein derivative. |
| 5111 | 16204627 | Cultures of spleen cells isolated from these mice expressed interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 in recall responses. |
| 5112 | 16204627 | Treatment of mice receiving 1 mg BCG with NS-398 (a PGHS-2 inhibitor, 10 mg/kg i.p., daily) resulted in enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production with reduced IL-4 and IL-10 production in recall responses. |
| 5113 | 16204627 | Treatment of C57Bl/6 mice with HK-BCG (0.5 mg dose) also induced a mixture of Th1 and Th2 responses, although IFN-gamma production was markedly increased, and IL-4 was decreased compared with Balb/c mice. |
| 5114 | 16204627 | Splenic PGE2-M Ø from Balb/c mice, given 0.01 or 1 mg heat-killed (HK) Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intraperitoneally (i.p.), were characterized by the ex vivo release of PGE2 (>10 ng/10(6) cells), cytokine production, and expression of PGG/H synthase (PGHS)-1, PGHS-2, cytosolic PGE synthase (PGES), and microsomal PGES-1. |
| 5115 | 16204627 | At Day 14 after the treatment, mice treated with 1 mg, but not 0.01 mg, BCG had increased levels of PGHS-2+ PGE2-MØ, total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and serum IgG1 antibodies (Th2 responses) against heat shock protein 65 and purified protein derivative. |
| 5116 | 16204627 | Cultures of spleen cells isolated from these mice expressed interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 in recall responses. |
| 5117 | 16204627 | Treatment of mice receiving 1 mg BCG with NS-398 (a PGHS-2 inhibitor, 10 mg/kg i.p., daily) resulted in enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production with reduced IL-4 and IL-10 production in recall responses. |
| 5118 | 16204627 | Treatment of C57Bl/6 mice with HK-BCG (0.5 mg dose) also induced a mixture of Th1 and Th2 responses, although IFN-gamma production was markedly increased, and IL-4 was decreased compared with Balb/c mice. |
| 5119 | 16204627 | Splenic PGE2-M Ø from Balb/c mice, given 0.01 or 1 mg heat-killed (HK) Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intraperitoneally (i.p.), were characterized by the ex vivo release of PGE2 (>10 ng/10(6) cells), cytokine production, and expression of PGG/H synthase (PGHS)-1, PGHS-2, cytosolic PGE synthase (PGES), and microsomal PGES-1. |
| 5120 | 16204627 | At Day 14 after the treatment, mice treated with 1 mg, but not 0.01 mg, BCG had increased levels of PGHS-2+ PGE2-MØ, total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and serum IgG1 antibodies (Th2 responses) against heat shock protein 65 and purified protein derivative. |
| 5121 | 16204627 | Cultures of spleen cells isolated from these mice expressed interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 in recall responses. |
| 5122 | 16204627 | Treatment of mice receiving 1 mg BCG with NS-398 (a PGHS-2 inhibitor, 10 mg/kg i.p., daily) resulted in enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production with reduced IL-4 and IL-10 production in recall responses. |
| 5123 | 16204627 | Treatment of C57Bl/6 mice with HK-BCG (0.5 mg dose) also induced a mixture of Th1 and Th2 responses, although IFN-gamma production was markedly increased, and IL-4 was decreased compared with Balb/c mice. |
| 5124 | 16214268 | In addition, cell mediated immunity as measured by interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 stimulation, was elicited by vaccination. |
| 5125 | 16216672 | In human melanoma, we show here that MART-1(27-35)-specific CTLs generated with purified CD8+ cells survive and maintain their activity longer in culture than those CTLs generated by using total peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) taken either from patients or from normal donors. |
| 5126 | 16216672 | For both normal donors or patients, polarization of PBL with Th1 conditioning with interleukin (IL)-12 (250 U/ml) and anti IL-4 antibody 1 mug/ml for 7 days before CTL generation, induced better and longer living CTL response and prevented the expansion of CD4+ T cells that have downregulatory activity. |
| 5127 | 16218512 | In nasal washings of Tg-mice, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 was detected even with a small amount of antigen. |
| 5128 | 16218512 | On the other hand, Th2 type cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13 were efficiently detected in culture supernatants of NP, CLN, and SP cells from Tg-mice mice, but not in those from NALT cells of those mice. |
| 5129 | 16218512 | In nasal washings of Tg-mice, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 was detected even with a small amount of antigen. |
| 5130 | 16218512 | On the other hand, Th2 type cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13 were efficiently detected in culture supernatants of NP, CLN, and SP cells from Tg-mice mice, but not in those from NALT cells of those mice. |
| 5131 | 16219397 | Mtb8.4/hIL-12 chimeric gene vaccine induced the secretion of more of Th1 cytokines, but not IL-4 and enhanced CTL activity. |
| 5132 | 16226782 | Here, we describe several new RV-based vaccine vehicles expressing HIV-1 Gag or envelope (Env) and murine IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 5133 | 16226782 | Cells infected with recombinant RVs expressed high levels of functional IL-2 or IL-4 in culture supernatants in addition to HIV-1 proteins. |
| 5134 | 16226782 | Here, we describe several new RV-based vaccine vehicles expressing HIV-1 Gag or envelope (Env) and murine IL-2 or IL-4. |
| 5135 | 16226782 | Cells infected with recombinant RVs expressed high levels of functional IL-2 or IL-4 in culture supernatants in addition to HIV-1 proteins. |
| 5136 | 16232228 | Immunization led to significant production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. |
| 5137 | 16232228 | In contrast, no significant induction of interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10 was observed. |
| 5138 | 16239526 | Antigen-restimulation assays revealed that bp26 and TF stimulated gamma interferon and only bp26 induced interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-6 cytokines as measured by cytokine enzyme-linked immunospot assay. |
| 5139 | 16239566 | Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 collude in vaccine failure for novel exacerbatory antigens in murine Leishmania major infection. |
| 5140 | 16239566 | This ability to exacerbate disease was lost when susceptible BALB/c mice were rendered resistant by disruption of the genes encoding interleukin-4 (IL-4) alone, IL-4/IL-13, or IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. |
| 5141 | 16239566 | Failure to exacerbate disease was associated with reduced IL-5 and IL-10 production in IL-4 knockout mice. |
| 5142 | 16239566 | Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 collude in vaccine failure for novel exacerbatory antigens in murine Leishmania major infection. |
| 5143 | 16239566 | This ability to exacerbate disease was lost when susceptible BALB/c mice were rendered resistant by disruption of the genes encoding interleukin-4 (IL-4) alone, IL-4/IL-13, or IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. |
| 5144 | 16239566 | Failure to exacerbate disease was associated with reduced IL-5 and IL-10 production in IL-4 knockout mice. |
| 5145 | 16239566 | Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 collude in vaccine failure for novel exacerbatory antigens in murine Leishmania major infection. |
| 5146 | 16239566 | This ability to exacerbate disease was lost when susceptible BALB/c mice were rendered resistant by disruption of the genes encoding interleukin-4 (IL-4) alone, IL-4/IL-13, or IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. |
| 5147 | 16239566 | Failure to exacerbate disease was associated with reduced IL-5 and IL-10 production in IL-4 knockout mice. |
| 5148 | 16266314 | The secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma was also significantly increased by pgD and pMIP-1alpha co-injection; however, the production of cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 was not affected by co-injection. pgD and pMIP-1alpha co-injection resulted in a moderate enhancement of systemic gD-specific antibody level, but mucosal secretory IgA was markedly enhanced. |
| 5149 | 16272299 | These cells produced IL-2 and MIP-1alpha, but much less IL-4 and IFN-gamma than CD73- Ly6A/E+ cells. |
| 5150 | 16272299 | Restimulation of Thpp-like CD73+ Ly-6A/E- cells in Th1- or Th2-polarizing conditions induced differentiation into populations producing mainly IFN-gamma or mainly IL-4, respectively. |
| 5151 | 16272299 | In contrast, the effector-like CD73- Ly-6A/E+ population was more committed, and continued to produce both IL-4 and IFN-gamma in both conditions. |
| 5152 | 16272299 | These cells produced IL-2 and MIP-1alpha, but much less IL-4 and IFN-gamma than CD73- Ly6A/E+ cells. |
| 5153 | 16272299 | Restimulation of Thpp-like CD73+ Ly-6A/E- cells in Th1- or Th2-polarizing conditions induced differentiation into populations producing mainly IFN-gamma or mainly IL-4, respectively. |
| 5154 | 16272299 | In contrast, the effector-like CD73- Ly-6A/E+ population was more committed, and continued to produce both IL-4 and IFN-gamma in both conditions. |
| 5155 | 16272299 | These cells produced IL-2 and MIP-1alpha, but much less IL-4 and IFN-gamma than CD73- Ly6A/E+ cells. |
| 5156 | 16272299 | Restimulation of Thpp-like CD73+ Ly-6A/E- cells in Th1- or Th2-polarizing conditions induced differentiation into populations producing mainly IFN-gamma or mainly IL-4, respectively. |
| 5157 | 16272299 | In contrast, the effector-like CD73- Ly-6A/E+ population was more committed, and continued to produce both IL-4 and IFN-gamma in both conditions. |
| 5158 | 16272329 | Such suppression was also evident upon the Salmonella-CFA/I infection of macrophages resulting in diminished TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 production and suggesting that the CFA/I fimbrial expression by Salmonella may protect against a proinflammatory disease. |
| 5159 | 16272329 | This protective effect was accompanied by a loss of encephalitogenic IFN-gamma-secreting Th cells and was replaced with an increase in IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 secretion. |
| 5160 | 16278080 | Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was measured in the supernates of cultured cells and both TNF-alpha and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were measured in serum samples. |
| 5161 | 16278301 | The levels of allergen-specific CD4(+) T cell-derived allergy-associated T helper 2 cytokine production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and histamine release in serum were significantly decreased. |
| 5162 | 16279537 | The generation of ripe dendrite cells (DC) of marrow origin was obtained with the use of the vaccine Immunovac-BN-4, an immunomodulator of microbial origin, as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae LPS and TNF-alpha, as ripening inducers. |
| 5163 | 16279537 | The immunophenotype of cells altered from CD34+, CD38-, CD40-, CD80-, CD86-, MHC I-, MHC II-, F4/80- to CD34-, CD38+, CD40+, CD80+, MHC I+, MHC II+, F4/ 80(low). |
| 5164 | 16279537 | In culture medium with ripe DC the levels of such cytokines as IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha significantly increased and the production of IL-4 decreased. |
| 5165 | 16279537 | The content of IL-2 and IL-10 remained unchanged. |
| 5166 | 16283303 | Patients were vaccinated either by intradermal injection of PSA-peptide and GM-CSF or by intravenous administration of autologous dendritic cells pulsed with PSA-peptide at weeks 1, 4 and 10. |
| 5167 | 16283303 | The phenotype of recovered T cells demonstrated variable proportions of CD4+CD8-, CD4-CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ T cell populations. |
| 5168 | 16283303 | Cytokine analysis of PSA-peptide stimulated T cells per bead array assay exhibited specific IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha response in six of seven patients. |
| 5169 | 16283303 | Specific IL-4 response was observed in five patients, while IL-10 response was detected in one patient. |
| 5170 | 16286158 | Vaccines containing the ginseng-fraction Rb1 induced serum-detectable amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 as early as 24h after primary injection that was confirmed in sera collected at 24 and 72 h post re-vaccination. |
| 5171 | 16286158 | Five weeks after booster, immune lymphocytes were still producing large amounts of cytokines including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha and the antibody titres were still similar to those titres recorded 1 week post booster. |
| 5172 | 16286158 | Vaccines containing the ginseng-fraction Rb1 induced serum-detectable amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 as early as 24h after primary injection that was confirmed in sera collected at 24 and 72 h post re-vaccination. |
| 5173 | 16286158 | Five weeks after booster, immune lymphocytes were still producing large amounts of cytokines including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha and the antibody titres were still similar to those titres recorded 1 week post booster. |
| 5174 | 16297162 | We examined measles-specific antibodies, lymphoproliferation and the Th1/Th2 signature cytokines, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4, in a population-based cohort of healthy children from Olmsted County, Minnesota after two doses of measles-mumps-rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccine. |
| 5175 | 16297162 | However, a small proportion of subjects demonstrated an immune response skewed towards the Th2 type, characterized by the presence of either IL-4 and/or measles-specific antibodies and a lack of IFN-gamma production. |
| 5176 | 16297162 | Further, we observed a significant positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma (r = 0.20, P = 0.0002) and IL-4 (r = 0.15, P = 0.005). |
| 5177 | 16297162 | Further, a positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and IL-4 and IFN-gamma suggests that immunity to measles may be maintained by both Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 5178 | 16297162 | We examined measles-specific antibodies, lymphoproliferation and the Th1/Th2 signature cytokines, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4, in a population-based cohort of healthy children from Olmsted County, Minnesota after two doses of measles-mumps-rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccine. |
| 5179 | 16297162 | However, a small proportion of subjects demonstrated an immune response skewed towards the Th2 type, characterized by the presence of either IL-4 and/or measles-specific antibodies and a lack of IFN-gamma production. |
| 5180 | 16297162 | Further, we observed a significant positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma (r = 0.20, P = 0.0002) and IL-4 (r = 0.15, P = 0.005). |
| 5181 | 16297162 | Further, a positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and IL-4 and IFN-gamma suggests that immunity to measles may be maintained by both Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 5182 | 16297162 | We examined measles-specific antibodies, lymphoproliferation and the Th1/Th2 signature cytokines, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4, in a population-based cohort of healthy children from Olmsted County, Minnesota after two doses of measles-mumps-rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccine. |
| 5183 | 16297162 | However, a small proportion of subjects demonstrated an immune response skewed towards the Th2 type, characterized by the presence of either IL-4 and/or measles-specific antibodies and a lack of IFN-gamma production. |
| 5184 | 16297162 | Further, we observed a significant positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma (r = 0.20, P = 0.0002) and IL-4 (r = 0.15, P = 0.005). |
| 5185 | 16297162 | Further, a positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and IL-4 and IFN-gamma suggests that immunity to measles may be maintained by both Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 5186 | 16297162 | We examined measles-specific antibodies, lymphoproliferation and the Th1/Th2 signature cytokines, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4, in a population-based cohort of healthy children from Olmsted County, Minnesota after two doses of measles-mumps-rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccine. |
| 5187 | 16297162 | However, a small proportion of subjects demonstrated an immune response skewed towards the Th2 type, characterized by the presence of either IL-4 and/or measles-specific antibodies and a lack of IFN-gamma production. |
| 5188 | 16297162 | Further, we observed a significant positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma (r = 0.20, P = 0.0002) and IL-4 (r = 0.15, P = 0.005). |
| 5189 | 16297162 | Further, a positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and IL-4 and IFN-gamma suggests that immunity to measles may be maintained by both Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 5190 | 16299302 | In addition, spleen cells from rOmp31-immunized mice produced interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon, but not IL-10 or IL-4, after in vitro stimulation with rOmp31, suggesting the induction of a T helper 1 (Th1) response. |
| 5191 | 16299302 | In vitro T-cell subset depletion indicated that rOmp31 immunization elicited specific CD4+ T cells that secrete IL-2 and gamma interferon, while CD8+ T cells induced cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activity. |
| 5192 | 16299302 | In vivo depletion of T-cell subsets showed that the rOmp31-elicited protection against B. melitensis infection is mediated by CD4+ T cells while the contribution of CD8+ T cells may be limited. |
| 5193 | 16301667 | Peptide-induced T cell clones were of the Th0 subset, secreting high levels of IFN-gamma as well as variable levels of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-6). |
| 5194 | 16310897 | Intramuscular vaccination of foxhounds with a Leishmania multicomponent (10 antigen) DNA vaccine resulted in antigen-induced lymphoproliferative and IFN-gamma (but not IL-4) responses. |
| 5195 | 16310897 | This response was not augmented by co-administration of canine IL-12 or GM-CSF DNA adjuvants. |
| 5196 | 16313365 | A marked increase in FPE was observed in 1 hr interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-stimulated monocytes. |
| 5197 | 16315029 | Immature bone marrow derived DC grown in vitro with IL-4 and GM-CSF were pulsed with B16-CD44. |
| 5198 | 16315029 | After 48 h of pulsing, maturation of DC was demonstrated by production of IL-12 and upregulation of CD80 and CD40 expression. |
| 5199 | 16315029 | To test the efficacy of vaccination with DC+B16-CD44, mice were vaccinated subcutaneously Lymphocytes from mice vaccinated with DC+B16-CD44 produced IFN-gamma in response to B16 melanoma lysates as well as an MHC class I restricted B16 melanoma-associated peptide, indicating B16 specific CD8 T cell activation. |
| 5200 | 16331510 | Immunologic significance of HLA class I genes in measles virus-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokine immune responses. |
| 5201 | 16331510 | Median values for measles-specific interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines were 40.7 pg/ml [interquartile range (IQR) 8.1-176.7] and 9.7 pg/ml (IQR 2.8-24.3), respectively. |
| 5202 | 16331510 | Class I HLA-A (*0101 and *3101) and HLA-Cw (*0303 and *0501) alleles were significantly associated with measles-virus-induced IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 5203 | 16331510 | HLA-A*3101 and Cw*0303 were associated with a higher median IFN-gamma response, while A*0101 and Cw*0501 were associated with lower measles-specific IFN-gamma response. |
| 5204 | 16331510 | We found limited associations between HLA class I gene polymorphisms and Th2-like (IL-4) immune responses after measles vaccination, indicating that HLA class I molecules may have a limited effect on measles-vaccine-induced IL-4 secretion. |
| 5205 | 16331510 | Immunologic significance of HLA class I genes in measles virus-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokine immune responses. |
| 5206 | 16331510 | Median values for measles-specific interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines were 40.7 pg/ml [interquartile range (IQR) 8.1-176.7] and 9.7 pg/ml (IQR 2.8-24.3), respectively. |
| 5207 | 16331510 | Class I HLA-A (*0101 and *3101) and HLA-Cw (*0303 and *0501) alleles were significantly associated with measles-virus-induced IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 5208 | 16331510 | HLA-A*3101 and Cw*0303 were associated with a higher median IFN-gamma response, while A*0101 and Cw*0501 were associated with lower measles-specific IFN-gamma response. |
| 5209 | 16331510 | We found limited associations between HLA class I gene polymorphisms and Th2-like (IL-4) immune responses after measles vaccination, indicating that HLA class I molecules may have a limited effect on measles-vaccine-induced IL-4 secretion. |
| 5210 | 16331510 | Immunologic significance of HLA class I genes in measles virus-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokine immune responses. |
| 5211 | 16331510 | Median values for measles-specific interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines were 40.7 pg/ml [interquartile range (IQR) 8.1-176.7] and 9.7 pg/ml (IQR 2.8-24.3), respectively. |
| 5212 | 16331510 | Class I HLA-A (*0101 and *3101) and HLA-Cw (*0303 and *0501) alleles were significantly associated with measles-virus-induced IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 5213 | 16331510 | HLA-A*3101 and Cw*0303 were associated with a higher median IFN-gamma response, while A*0101 and Cw*0501 were associated with lower measles-specific IFN-gamma response. |
| 5214 | 16331510 | We found limited associations between HLA class I gene polymorphisms and Th2-like (IL-4) immune responses after measles vaccination, indicating that HLA class I molecules may have a limited effect on measles-vaccine-induced IL-4 secretion. |
| 5215 | 16331615 | This triple combination therapy elicits a tumor-specific immune response evidenced by elevated IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion by CD4+ T cells and results in increased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to the tumor site. |
| 5216 | 16332516 | Dendritic cells incubated with irradiated tumor cells effectively stimulate T lymphocyte activation and induce enhanced expression of CD69, CD25 as well as production of IFNgamma and IL4. |
| 5217 | 16332516 | The T lymphocyte activation was assessed by determination of expression of CD25, CD69, and intracellular IFNgamma and IL4 production. |
| 5218 | 16332516 | Activated DC significantly increased the proportion of CD25+ and CD69+ cells as well as IFNgamma+ and IL4+ cells among CD3+ T lymphocytes. |
| 5219 | 16332516 | Dendritic cells incubated with irradiated tumor cells effectively stimulate T lymphocyte activation and induce enhanced expression of CD69, CD25 as well as production of IFNgamma and IL4. |
| 5220 | 16332516 | The T lymphocyte activation was assessed by determination of expression of CD25, CD69, and intracellular IFNgamma and IL4 production. |
| 5221 | 16332516 | Activated DC significantly increased the proportion of CD25+ and CD69+ cells as well as IFNgamma+ and IL4+ cells among CD3+ T lymphocytes. |
| 5222 | 16332516 | Dendritic cells incubated with irradiated tumor cells effectively stimulate T lymphocyte activation and induce enhanced expression of CD69, CD25 as well as production of IFNgamma and IL4. |
| 5223 | 16332516 | The T lymphocyte activation was assessed by determination of expression of CD25, CD69, and intracellular IFNgamma and IL4 production. |
| 5224 | 16332516 | Activated DC significantly increased the proportion of CD25+ and CD69+ cells as well as IFNgamma+ and IL4+ cells among CD3+ T lymphocytes. |
| 5225 | 16341143 | Interestingly, the modified plasmid vaccine predominantly enhanced the type 2 immune responses manifested by an increased IgG1 to IgG2a antibody ratio and a greater induction of GATA-3 and IL-4 mRNA than that of T-bet and IFN-gamma mRNA in spleen cells from vaccinated mice. |
| 5226 | 16341143 | In addition, protection against tumor challenge in vaccinated mice showed that there was no significant change in mice survival after in vivo CD8+CTL depletion, indicating that antitumor immunity augmented by plasmid encoding GM-CSF and target PDTRP gene vaccine was dominated by Th2 immune response. |
| 5227 | 16352562 | To understand the role of cytokines during rotavirus infection, we assessed the kinetics of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (proinflammatory), IL-12 (Th1 inducer), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (Th1), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2), and transforming growth factor beta (Th3) cytokine responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and intestinal contents of neonatal gnotobiotic pigs and IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokine-secreting cell (CSC) responses of mononuclear cells from ileum, spleen, and blood by ELISPOT. |
| 5228 | 16352562 | In serum, IL-6 was significantly elevated at postinoculation day (PID) 1 in the VirHRV group and at PID 3 in both HRV groups. |
| 5229 | 16352562 | A significantly higher percentage of pigs had IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses in serum after VirHRV infection than after AttHRV infection or in controls. |
| 5230 | 16352562 | Higher protection rates may be associated with more balanced Th1- and Th2-type responses, but induction of higher earlier IFN-gamma (Th1) and proinflammatory cytokines triggered by VirHRV may also play an important role in the higher intestinal immunoglobulin A responses and protection rates induced by VirHRV. |
| 5231 | 16356602 | As a result, IL-4 production in splenocytes and anti-OVA IgG1 level were preferentially elicited by particle bombardment with OVA-loaded PLG MS compared with IFN-gamma and anti-OVA IgG2a level. |
| 5232 | 16367942 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analysed with ELISPOT analysis for number of spontaneous or antigen/mitogen stimulated IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 secreting cells or with ELISA for concentration of spontaneous or antigen/mitogen stimulated IFN-gamma, IL-5 and IL-10. |
| 5233 | 16367942 | Individuals with a history of gangrenous appendicitis demonstrated ability to increased IL-10 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 5234 | 16367942 | The increased IFN-gamma may support the notion of gangrenous appendicitis as an uncontrolled Th1 mediated inflammatory response and increased IL-10 may speculatively indicate the involvement of cytotoxic cells in the progression to perforation. |
| 5235 | 16367944 | Immunization led to significant production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. |
| 5236 | 16367944 | In contrast, no significant induction of interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10 was observed. |
| 5237 | 16368992 | A Th2 bias in the following cytokine ratios, interleukin-4 (IL-4)/IL-12, IL-5/IL-12, IL-13/IL-12, IL-4/gamma-IFN (IFN-gamma), IL-5/IFN-gamma, and IL-13/IFN-gamma, in response to SWAP predicted a 1.4- to 2.9-month longer time to reinfection (P < 0.05) and a 27 to 55% lower intensity of reinfection (P < 0.05). |
| 5238 | 16368992 | Only a high IL-5/IL-10 ratio in response to Sj22.6 predicted a 3.0-month-longer time to reinfection (P = 0.03). |
| 5239 | 16386313 | We show here that a canine IL-12 DNA, constructed by fusing the p35 and p40 subunit cDNAs with an interspacing linker, generated stable IL-12 transcripts when placed under control of a strong constitutive promoter. |
| 5240 | 16386313 | The protein expressed from this fused cDNA was fully functional in promoting a type 1 (IFN-gamma) and suppressing a type 2 (IL-4) cytokine response following both in vitro transfection of a canine cell line and in vivo delivery to dogs. |
| 5241 | 16387339 | In contrast, N-GST elicited strong T cell IL-4 but minimal IFN-gamma responses and a much greater antibody response. |
| 5242 | 16387339 | The pronounced Th-2 and humoral response to N protein plus adjuvant are in contrast to the balanced IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses and strong memory CTL responses to the LAMP-N chimera. |
| 5243 | 16387339 | In contrast, N-GST elicited strong T cell IL-4 but minimal IFN-gamma responses and a much greater antibody response. |
| 5244 | 16387339 | The pronounced Th-2 and humoral response to N protein plus adjuvant are in contrast to the balanced IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses and strong memory CTL responses to the LAMP-N chimera. |
| 5245 | 16388819 | Rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of T-cell responses in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving successful HAART and HIV-1 sero-negative controls: concomitant assessment of perforin, IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion. |
| 5246 | 16388819 | We describe here for the first time a perforin-release ELIspot assay which, when used in combination with IFN-gamma and IL-4 ELIspots, permits rapid assessment of these functional parameters for antigen-specific T cells. |
| 5247 | 16388819 | Tetanus toxoid stimulation was associated with moderate perforin release and a predominantly type-2 IL-4 producing response, whilst herpes simplex virus antigen stimulation resulted in perforin release but only a weak type-1 IFN-gamma response. |
| 5248 | 16388819 | Cytokines IL-2 and IL-12/IL-15 induced perforin release coupled with an IFN-gamma type-1 response. |
| 5249 | 16388819 | Perforin release strongly correlated with IFN-gamma production to individual influenza, Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus MHC class I restricted peptides, in an HIV-1 sero-negative cohort, indicating a cytolytic type-1 CD8+ T-cell response. |
| 5250 | 16388819 | Evaluation of immunogenicity and putative efficacy of candidate vaccines using IFN-gamma will not be as informative alone as when combined with perforin and IL-4 evaluations, which allow assessment of specific cytotoxic potential without extensive cell culture. |
| 5251 | 16388819 | Rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of T-cell responses in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving successful HAART and HIV-1 sero-negative controls: concomitant assessment of perforin, IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion. |
| 5252 | 16388819 | We describe here for the first time a perforin-release ELIspot assay which, when used in combination with IFN-gamma and IL-4 ELIspots, permits rapid assessment of these functional parameters for antigen-specific T cells. |
| 5253 | 16388819 | Tetanus toxoid stimulation was associated with moderate perforin release and a predominantly type-2 IL-4 producing response, whilst herpes simplex virus antigen stimulation resulted in perforin release but only a weak type-1 IFN-gamma response. |
| 5254 | 16388819 | Cytokines IL-2 and IL-12/IL-15 induced perforin release coupled with an IFN-gamma type-1 response. |
| 5255 | 16388819 | Perforin release strongly correlated with IFN-gamma production to individual influenza, Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus MHC class I restricted peptides, in an HIV-1 sero-negative cohort, indicating a cytolytic type-1 CD8+ T-cell response. |
| 5256 | 16388819 | Evaluation of immunogenicity and putative efficacy of candidate vaccines using IFN-gamma will not be as informative alone as when combined with perforin and IL-4 evaluations, which allow assessment of specific cytotoxic potential without extensive cell culture. |
| 5257 | 16388819 | Rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of T-cell responses in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving successful HAART and HIV-1 sero-negative controls: concomitant assessment of perforin, IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion. |
| 5258 | 16388819 | We describe here for the first time a perforin-release ELIspot assay which, when used in combination with IFN-gamma and IL-4 ELIspots, permits rapid assessment of these functional parameters for antigen-specific T cells. |
| 5259 | 16388819 | Tetanus toxoid stimulation was associated with moderate perforin release and a predominantly type-2 IL-4 producing response, whilst herpes simplex virus antigen stimulation resulted in perforin release but only a weak type-1 IFN-gamma response. |
| 5260 | 16388819 | Cytokines IL-2 and IL-12/IL-15 induced perforin release coupled with an IFN-gamma type-1 response. |
| 5261 | 16388819 | Perforin release strongly correlated with IFN-gamma production to individual influenza, Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus MHC class I restricted peptides, in an HIV-1 sero-negative cohort, indicating a cytolytic type-1 CD8+ T-cell response. |
| 5262 | 16388819 | Evaluation of immunogenicity and putative efficacy of candidate vaccines using IFN-gamma will not be as informative alone as when combined with perforin and IL-4 evaluations, which allow assessment of specific cytotoxic potential without extensive cell culture. |
| 5263 | 16388819 | Rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of T-cell responses in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving successful HAART and HIV-1 sero-negative controls: concomitant assessment of perforin, IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion. |
| 5264 | 16388819 | We describe here for the first time a perforin-release ELIspot assay which, when used in combination with IFN-gamma and IL-4 ELIspots, permits rapid assessment of these functional parameters for antigen-specific T cells. |
| 5265 | 16388819 | Tetanus toxoid stimulation was associated with moderate perforin release and a predominantly type-2 IL-4 producing response, whilst herpes simplex virus antigen stimulation resulted in perforin release but only a weak type-1 IFN-gamma response. |
| 5266 | 16388819 | Cytokines IL-2 and IL-12/IL-15 induced perforin release coupled with an IFN-gamma type-1 response. |
| 5267 | 16388819 | Perforin release strongly correlated with IFN-gamma production to individual influenza, Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus MHC class I restricted peptides, in an HIV-1 sero-negative cohort, indicating a cytolytic type-1 CD8+ T-cell response. |
| 5268 | 16388819 | Evaluation of immunogenicity and putative efficacy of candidate vaccines using IFN-gamma will not be as informative alone as when combined with perforin and IL-4 evaluations, which allow assessment of specific cytotoxic potential without extensive cell culture. |
| 5269 | 16389614 | Moreover, we observed that the production of IL-4 and IL-10 increased in mice vaccinated with hCGbeta-C3d3-DNAs and the ratio of IL-4/IFN-(gamma) showed a Th2 bias of immune response in the mice immunized with hCGbeta-C3d3-DNAs. |
| 5270 | 16397274 | Tumor-derived interleukin-4 reduces tumor clearance and deviates the cytokine and granzyme profile of tumor-induced CD8+ T cells. |
| 5271 | 16397274 | An interleukin (IL)-4-containing tumor environment is reported to be beneficial for immune clearance of tumor cells in vivo; however, the effect of IL-4 on the effector CD8+ T cells contributing to tumor clearance is not well defined. |
| 5272 | 16397274 | We have used the immunogenic HLA-CW3-expressing P815 (P.CW3) mastocytoma and investigated whether IL-4 expression by the tumor affects tumor clearance and, if so, whether it alters the tumor-induced Vbeta10+ CD8+ T-cell response. |
| 5273 | 16397274 | P.CW3 were stably transfected with IL-4 or the empty control vector, and independent cell lines were injected i.p. into syngeneic DBA/2 mice. |
| 5274 | 16397274 | The IL-4-secreting P.CW3 tumor cells led to markedly higher mRNA expression of IL-4 and granzyme A and B but no differences in IFN-gamma and IL-2 production, cell proliferation, or ex vivo CTL activity in primary Vbeta10+ CD8+ T cells when compared with the control tumor cells. |
| 5275 | 16397274 | We concluded that tumor-derived IL-4 selectively changed the quality of the tumor-induced CD8+ T-cell response and resulted in unexpected negative effects on tumor clearance. |
| 5276 | 16397274 | Tumor-derived interleukin-4 reduces tumor clearance and deviates the cytokine and granzyme profile of tumor-induced CD8+ T cells. |
| 5277 | 16397274 | An interleukin (IL)-4-containing tumor environment is reported to be beneficial for immune clearance of tumor cells in vivo; however, the effect of IL-4 on the effector CD8+ T cells contributing to tumor clearance is not well defined. |
| 5278 | 16397274 | We have used the immunogenic HLA-CW3-expressing P815 (P.CW3) mastocytoma and investigated whether IL-4 expression by the tumor affects tumor clearance and, if so, whether it alters the tumor-induced Vbeta10+ CD8+ T-cell response. |
| 5279 | 16397274 | P.CW3 were stably transfected with IL-4 or the empty control vector, and independent cell lines were injected i.p. into syngeneic DBA/2 mice. |
| 5280 | 16397274 | The IL-4-secreting P.CW3 tumor cells led to markedly higher mRNA expression of IL-4 and granzyme A and B but no differences in IFN-gamma and IL-2 production, cell proliferation, or ex vivo CTL activity in primary Vbeta10+ CD8+ T cells when compared with the control tumor cells. |
| 5281 | 16397274 | We concluded that tumor-derived IL-4 selectively changed the quality of the tumor-induced CD8+ T-cell response and resulted in unexpected negative effects on tumor clearance. |
| 5282 | 16397274 | Tumor-derived interleukin-4 reduces tumor clearance and deviates the cytokine and granzyme profile of tumor-induced CD8+ T cells. |
| 5283 | 16397274 | An interleukin (IL)-4-containing tumor environment is reported to be beneficial for immune clearance of tumor cells in vivo; however, the effect of IL-4 on the effector CD8+ T cells contributing to tumor clearance is not well defined. |
| 5284 | 16397274 | We have used the immunogenic HLA-CW3-expressing P815 (P.CW3) mastocytoma and investigated whether IL-4 expression by the tumor affects tumor clearance and, if so, whether it alters the tumor-induced Vbeta10+ CD8+ T-cell response. |
| 5285 | 16397274 | P.CW3 were stably transfected with IL-4 or the empty control vector, and independent cell lines were injected i.p. into syngeneic DBA/2 mice. |
| 5286 | 16397274 | The IL-4-secreting P.CW3 tumor cells led to markedly higher mRNA expression of IL-4 and granzyme A and B but no differences in IFN-gamma and IL-2 production, cell proliferation, or ex vivo CTL activity in primary Vbeta10+ CD8+ T cells when compared with the control tumor cells. |
| 5287 | 16397274 | We concluded that tumor-derived IL-4 selectively changed the quality of the tumor-induced CD8+ T-cell response and resulted in unexpected negative effects on tumor clearance. |
| 5288 | 16397274 | Tumor-derived interleukin-4 reduces tumor clearance and deviates the cytokine and granzyme profile of tumor-induced CD8+ T cells. |
| 5289 | 16397274 | An interleukin (IL)-4-containing tumor environment is reported to be beneficial for immune clearance of tumor cells in vivo; however, the effect of IL-4 on the effector CD8+ T cells contributing to tumor clearance is not well defined. |
| 5290 | 16397274 | We have used the immunogenic HLA-CW3-expressing P815 (P.CW3) mastocytoma and investigated whether IL-4 expression by the tumor affects tumor clearance and, if so, whether it alters the tumor-induced Vbeta10+ CD8+ T-cell response. |
| 5291 | 16397274 | P.CW3 were stably transfected with IL-4 or the empty control vector, and independent cell lines were injected i.p. into syngeneic DBA/2 mice. |
| 5292 | 16397274 | The IL-4-secreting P.CW3 tumor cells led to markedly higher mRNA expression of IL-4 and granzyme A and B but no differences in IFN-gamma and IL-2 production, cell proliferation, or ex vivo CTL activity in primary Vbeta10+ CD8+ T cells when compared with the control tumor cells. |
| 5293 | 16397274 | We concluded that tumor-derived IL-4 selectively changed the quality of the tumor-induced CD8+ T-cell response and resulted in unexpected negative effects on tumor clearance. |
| 5294 | 16397274 | Tumor-derived interleukin-4 reduces tumor clearance and deviates the cytokine and granzyme profile of tumor-induced CD8+ T cells. |
| 5295 | 16397274 | An interleukin (IL)-4-containing tumor environment is reported to be beneficial for immune clearance of tumor cells in vivo; however, the effect of IL-4 on the effector CD8+ T cells contributing to tumor clearance is not well defined. |
| 5296 | 16397274 | We have used the immunogenic HLA-CW3-expressing P815 (P.CW3) mastocytoma and investigated whether IL-4 expression by the tumor affects tumor clearance and, if so, whether it alters the tumor-induced Vbeta10+ CD8+ T-cell response. |
| 5297 | 16397274 | P.CW3 were stably transfected with IL-4 or the empty control vector, and independent cell lines were injected i.p. into syngeneic DBA/2 mice. |
| 5298 | 16397274 | The IL-4-secreting P.CW3 tumor cells led to markedly higher mRNA expression of IL-4 and granzyme A and B but no differences in IFN-gamma and IL-2 production, cell proliferation, or ex vivo CTL activity in primary Vbeta10+ CD8+ T cells when compared with the control tumor cells. |
| 5299 | 16397274 | We concluded that tumor-derived IL-4 selectively changed the quality of the tumor-induced CD8+ T-cell response and resulted in unexpected negative effects on tumor clearance. |
| 5300 | 16397274 | Tumor-derived interleukin-4 reduces tumor clearance and deviates the cytokine and granzyme profile of tumor-induced CD8+ T cells. |
| 5301 | 16397274 | An interleukin (IL)-4-containing tumor environment is reported to be beneficial for immune clearance of tumor cells in vivo; however, the effect of IL-4 on the effector CD8+ T cells contributing to tumor clearance is not well defined. |
| 5302 | 16397274 | We have used the immunogenic HLA-CW3-expressing P815 (P.CW3) mastocytoma and investigated whether IL-4 expression by the tumor affects tumor clearance and, if so, whether it alters the tumor-induced Vbeta10+ CD8+ T-cell response. |
| 5303 | 16397274 | P.CW3 were stably transfected with IL-4 or the empty control vector, and independent cell lines were injected i.p. into syngeneic DBA/2 mice. |
| 5304 | 16397274 | The IL-4-secreting P.CW3 tumor cells led to markedly higher mRNA expression of IL-4 and granzyme A and B but no differences in IFN-gamma and IL-2 production, cell proliferation, or ex vivo CTL activity in primary Vbeta10+ CD8+ T cells when compared with the control tumor cells. |
| 5305 | 16397274 | We concluded that tumor-derived IL-4 selectively changed the quality of the tumor-induced CD8+ T-cell response and resulted in unexpected negative effects on tumor clearance. |
| 5306 | 16406168 | In addition, the DNA vaccine elicited the production of IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 in splenocytes, suggesting the induction of a typical Th-1 dominated immune response in rats. |
| 5307 | 16421599 | Taking advantage of the HSVQuik system, we constructed three oncolytic HSV vectors that express mouse IL4, CD40 ligand and 6CK, respectively. |
| 5308 | 16424174 | Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 5309 | 16424174 | Mouse and human CD4 T cells primed during an immune response may differentiate into effector phenotypes such as Th1 (secreting IFN-gamma) or Th2 (secreting IL-4) that mediate effective immunity against different classes of pathogen. |
| 5310 | 16424174 | However, primed CD4 T cells can also remain uncommitted, secreting IL-2 and chemokines, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 5311 | 16424174 | We now show that human CD4 T cells primed by protein vaccines mostly secreted IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, whereas in the same individuals most CD4 T cells initially primed by infection with live pathogens secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 5312 | 16424174 | We further demonstrate that many tetanus-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- cells are uncommitted and that a single IL-2+IFN-gamma- cell can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes following in vitro stimulation under appropriate polarizing conditions. |
| 5313 | 16424174 | In contrast, influenza-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- CD4 cells maintained a Th1-like phenotype even under Th2-polarizing conditions. |
| 5314 | 16424174 | Similarly, adoptively transferred OTII transgenic mouse T cells secreted mainly IL-2 after priming with OVA in alum, but were biased toward IFN-gamma secretion when primed with the same OVA peptide presented as a pathogen Ag during live infection. |
| 5315 | 16424174 | Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 5316 | 16424174 | Mouse and human CD4 T cells primed during an immune response may differentiate into effector phenotypes such as Th1 (secreting IFN-gamma) or Th2 (secreting IL-4) that mediate effective immunity against different classes of pathogen. |
| 5317 | 16424174 | However, primed CD4 T cells can also remain uncommitted, secreting IL-2 and chemokines, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 5318 | 16424174 | We now show that human CD4 T cells primed by protein vaccines mostly secreted IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, whereas in the same individuals most CD4 T cells initially primed by infection with live pathogens secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 5319 | 16424174 | We further demonstrate that many tetanus-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- cells are uncommitted and that a single IL-2+IFN-gamma- cell can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes following in vitro stimulation under appropriate polarizing conditions. |
| 5320 | 16424174 | In contrast, influenza-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- CD4 cells maintained a Th1-like phenotype even under Th2-polarizing conditions. |
| 5321 | 16424174 | Similarly, adoptively transferred OTII transgenic mouse T cells secreted mainly IL-2 after priming with OVA in alum, but were biased toward IFN-gamma secretion when primed with the same OVA peptide presented as a pathogen Ag during live infection. |
| 5322 | 16425132 | Ten weeks after vaccination of neonates, percutaneous Japanese BCG had induced significantly higher frequencies of BCG-specific interferon- gamma -producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in BCG-stimulated whole blood than did intradermal Danish BCG. |
| 5323 | 16425132 | Similarly, percutaneous vaccination with Japanese BCG resulted in significantly greater secretion of the T helper 1-type cytokines interferon- gamma, tumor necrosis factor- alpha , and interleukin-2; significantly lower secretion of the T helper 2-type cytokine interleukin-4; and greater CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation. |
| 5324 | 16430961 | The present study aimed to compare recombinant (r) and native (n) glutathione-S-transferase (GST) from Alternaria alternata. |
| 5325 | 16430961 | Cell supernatant revealed higher IL-4 and IL-5 levels with low levels of IFN-gamma. |
| 5326 | 16432754 | Although high levels of interferon-gamma and low levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 were detected in mice immunized with DNA-hsp65 or MHSP/TDM, only animals immunized with MHSP/TDM displayed a consistent Th1 immune response, i.e., significantly higher levels of anti-soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) immunoglobulin G (IgG)2a and low anti-SLA IgG1 antibodies. |
| 5327 | 16439559 | In addition, we show that levels of Th2-type cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) are significantly lower in hMPV CTL epitope-vaccinated mice challenged with hMPV. |
| 5328 | 16439580 | The impact of BCG vaccination on anti-asthma in mice was not dependent on interferon-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 levels. |
| 5329 | 16446017 | Oral vaccination stimulated the secretion of IFN-gamma and inhibited the secretion of IL-4 in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of BALB/c mice. |
| 5330 | 16446017 | In vaccinated mice the proportion of CD4+ cells increased (p<0.05) in Peyer's patches (PP) and decreased (p<0.05) in spleen whereas the proportion of CD19+ cells decreased (p<0.05) in both PP and spleen, with regard to unvaccinated controls. |
| 5331 | 16446174 | Mice immunized with rSm22.6 induced production of IgG1 and IgG2a and synthesis of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in cultured mouse splenocytes. |
| 5332 | 16446175 | Culturing in the presence of granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increased the in vitro differentiation and maturation of these cells into BM-derived DCs (CD11c+ and MHC class II+). |
| 5333 | 16446175 | Maturation of DCs was determined by increased CD80 and CD86 expression, IL-4 and IL-12 production, reduction in phagocytic capacity and increase in the antigen presenting ability to primed or naïve T lymphocytes. |
| 5334 | 16465379 | After co-culture with FO, IFN-gamma released from immunized T helper cells increased >10-fold, while IL-4 remained unchanged in comparison with control T cells. |
| 5335 | 16466810 | Interestingly, IL-4 was not produced in the absence of IL-12 in response to infection with L. amazonensis. |
| 5336 | 16474904 | Evaluation of antibody responses elicited by immunization of mice with a pneumococcal antigen genetically fused to murine HSP70 and murine interleukin-4. |
| 5337 | 16474904 | In order to determine whether HSP70 has the ability to stimulate antibody responses, we constructed and expressed fusion proteins consisting of murine HSP70 or murine interleukin (IL)-4 covalently linked to a pneumococcal cell wall-associated protein antigen designated PpmA. |
| 5338 | 16474904 | In contrast, mice immunized with PpmA fused to IL-4 (PpmA-IL4), or PpmA fused to both IL-4 and HSP70 (PpmA-IL4-70) fusion proteins elicited high levels of PpmA-specific antibody responses. |
| 5339 | 16474904 | Evaluation of antibody responses elicited by immunization of mice with a pneumococcal antigen genetically fused to murine HSP70 and murine interleukin-4. |
| 5340 | 16474904 | In order to determine whether HSP70 has the ability to stimulate antibody responses, we constructed and expressed fusion proteins consisting of murine HSP70 or murine interleukin (IL)-4 covalently linked to a pneumococcal cell wall-associated protein antigen designated PpmA. |
| 5341 | 16474904 | In contrast, mice immunized with PpmA fused to IL-4 (PpmA-IL4), or PpmA fused to both IL-4 and HSP70 (PpmA-IL4-70) fusion proteins elicited high levels of PpmA-specific antibody responses. |
| 5342 | 16474904 | Evaluation of antibody responses elicited by immunization of mice with a pneumococcal antigen genetically fused to murine HSP70 and murine interleukin-4. |
| 5343 | 16474904 | In order to determine whether HSP70 has the ability to stimulate antibody responses, we constructed and expressed fusion proteins consisting of murine HSP70 or murine interleukin (IL)-4 covalently linked to a pneumococcal cell wall-associated protein antigen designated PpmA. |
| 5344 | 16474904 | In contrast, mice immunized with PpmA fused to IL-4 (PpmA-IL4), or PpmA fused to both IL-4 and HSP70 (PpmA-IL4-70) fusion proteins elicited high levels of PpmA-specific antibody responses. |
| 5345 | 16490926 | In contrast, the co-administration of GM-CSF DNA enhanced the T cell-mediated immunity biased to the Th1-type, as judged by the significantly higher level of cytokine IL-2 and IFN-gamma production but not IL-4. |
| 5346 | 16493050 | Myeloid cells had a CD4+CD11b+CD11c+CD16+CD123(low)HLA-DR- phenotype, expressed myeloperoxidase, and included a population of M-CSFR+ monocyte-lineage committed cells. |
| 5347 | 16493050 | Further culture of myeloid cells in serum-free medium with GM-CSF and IL-4 generated cells that had typical dendritic morphology; expressed high levels of MHC class I and II molecules, CD1a, CD11c, CD80, CD86, DC-SIGN, and CD40; and were capable of Ag processing, triggering naive T cells in MLR, and presenting Ags to specific T cell clones through the MHC class I pathway. |
| 5348 | 16493050 | Incubation of DCs with A23187 calcium ionophore for 48 h induced an expression of mature DC markers CD83 and fascin. |
| 5349 | 16493050 | The combination of GM-CSF with IL-4 provided the best conditions for DC differentiation. |
| 5350 | 16493050 | DCs obtained with GM-CSF and TNF-alpha coexpressed a high level of CD14, and had low stimulatory capacity in MLR. |
| 5351 | 16493050 | Myeloid cells had a CD4+CD11b+CD11c+CD16+CD123(low)HLA-DR- phenotype, expressed myeloperoxidase, and included a population of M-CSFR+ monocyte-lineage committed cells. |
| 5352 | 16493050 | Further culture of myeloid cells in serum-free medium with GM-CSF and IL-4 generated cells that had typical dendritic morphology; expressed high levels of MHC class I and II molecules, CD1a, CD11c, CD80, CD86, DC-SIGN, and CD40; and were capable of Ag processing, triggering naive T cells in MLR, and presenting Ags to specific T cell clones through the MHC class I pathway. |
| 5353 | 16493050 | Incubation of DCs with A23187 calcium ionophore for 48 h induced an expression of mature DC markers CD83 and fascin. |
| 5354 | 16493050 | The combination of GM-CSF with IL-4 provided the best conditions for DC differentiation. |
| 5355 | 16493050 | DCs obtained with GM-CSF and TNF-alpha coexpressed a high level of CD14, and had low stimulatory capacity in MLR. |
| 5356 | 16495544 | Two and 4 months after challenge, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, lung tissue affected by pneumonia, CFU, T-cell counts, and cytokine expression (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-10, and gamma interferon) were determined. |
| 5357 | 16499569 | In addition, the DNA vaccine elicited the production of IFN-gamma, but not the production of IL-4 in spleen cells stimulated with recombinant FABP. |
| 5358 | 16499575 | These cells can be generated from peripheral blood monocytes cultured with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 5359 | 16499575 | We found that 24-h IFN-alpha co-culture of day 7 monocyte-derived DC generated with GM-CSF and IL-4 induces increased numbers of DC positive for CD54 and CD40 together with the co-stimulatory molecule CD80 but not the activation marker CD83. |
| 5360 | 16499575 | Also, IFN-alpha maturation leads to an increase in IP-10 and MCP-1 chemokine secretion, but only a minor increase in IL-12p40 secretion. |
| 5361 | 16499575 | These cells can be generated from peripheral blood monocytes cultured with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 5362 | 16499575 | We found that 24-h IFN-alpha co-culture of day 7 monocyte-derived DC generated with GM-CSF and IL-4 induces increased numbers of DC positive for CD54 and CD40 together with the co-stimulatory molecule CD80 but not the activation marker CD83. |
| 5363 | 16499575 | Also, IFN-alpha maturation leads to an increase in IP-10 and MCP-1 chemokine secretion, but only a minor increase in IL-12p40 secretion. |
| 5364 | 16503117 | DCs were from human peripheral blood monocytes cultured in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, interleukin 4 and/or tumour necrosis factor alpha, and stimulated with Tca8113 cell lysate prepared by the freeze-thaw method. |
| 5365 | 16503368 | Results showed that a significant enhancement of proliferative and cytotoxic activities accompanied with increased IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production as well as decreased IL-4 production were obtained from the mice vaccinated with 4T1-ITAC. |
| 5366 | 16525093 | A panel of naturally occurring polymorphic variant epitope peptides were made to the most commonly recognized epitope regions and tested for ability to elicit IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 production. |
| 5367 | 16531819 | The CD34(+) human acute myeloid leukemia-derived cell line MUTZ-3 is dependent on hematopoietic growth factors for its proliferation and is able to differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) in response to the combination of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 5368 | 16546102 | This study examined whether AD skin can control VV replication, and the role of IL-4 and IL-13 in modulating the human cathelicidin LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide that kills VV. |
| 5369 | 16546102 | IL-4/IL-13 enhanced VV replication while downregulating LL-37 in VV-stimulated keratinocytes. |
| 5370 | 16546102 | Neutralizing IL-4/IL-13 in AD skin augmented LL-37 and inhibited VV replication. |
| 5371 | 16546102 | Cathelicidins were induced via toll-like receptor-3 and were inhibited by IL-4/IL-13 through STAT-6. |
| 5372 | 16546102 | This study examined whether AD skin can control VV replication, and the role of IL-4 and IL-13 in modulating the human cathelicidin LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide that kills VV. |
| 5373 | 16546102 | IL-4/IL-13 enhanced VV replication while downregulating LL-37 in VV-stimulated keratinocytes. |
| 5374 | 16546102 | Neutralizing IL-4/IL-13 in AD skin augmented LL-37 and inhibited VV replication. |
| 5375 | 16546102 | Cathelicidins were induced via toll-like receptor-3 and were inhibited by IL-4/IL-13 through STAT-6. |
| 5376 | 16546102 | This study examined whether AD skin can control VV replication, and the role of IL-4 and IL-13 in modulating the human cathelicidin LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide that kills VV. |
| 5377 | 16546102 | IL-4/IL-13 enhanced VV replication while downregulating LL-37 in VV-stimulated keratinocytes. |
| 5378 | 16546102 | Neutralizing IL-4/IL-13 in AD skin augmented LL-37 and inhibited VV replication. |
| 5379 | 16546102 | Cathelicidins were induced via toll-like receptor-3 and were inhibited by IL-4/IL-13 through STAT-6. |
| 5380 | 16546102 | This study examined whether AD skin can control VV replication, and the role of IL-4 and IL-13 in modulating the human cathelicidin LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide that kills VV. |
| 5381 | 16546102 | IL-4/IL-13 enhanced VV replication while downregulating LL-37 in VV-stimulated keratinocytes. |
| 5382 | 16546102 | Neutralizing IL-4/IL-13 in AD skin augmented LL-37 and inhibited VV replication. |
| 5383 | 16546102 | Cathelicidins were induced via toll-like receptor-3 and were inhibited by IL-4/IL-13 through STAT-6. |
| 5384 | 16547221 | IL-4 production in itk(-/-) Th2s could be rescued by the expression of kinase-active Itk. |
| 5385 | 16552035 | Animals primed with the F. novicida DeltaiglC (KKF24) mutant induced robust splenic gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) recall responses with negligible IL-4 production as well as the production of antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a antibodies. |
| 5386 | 16552043 | In response to nematode and malarial antigens, spleen cells from immunized nematode-infected mice produced significantly lower levels of gamma interferon but more interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, and IL-10 in vitro than spleen cells from immunized nematode-free mice produced. |
| 5387 | 16552043 | Furthermore, H. polygyrus infection also induced a strong transforming growth factor beta1 response in vivo and in vitro. |
| 5388 | 16552042 | Immunization with CyaA-85A or CyaA-ESAT-6 in the absence of any adjuvant induced strong antigen-specific lymphoproliferative, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) cytokine responses, in the absence of any IL-4 or IL-5 production. |
| 5389 | 16571413 | We detected a spectrum of lymphoproliferative response (median stimulation indices of 3.4), low precursor frequencies of interferon-gamma (median 0.11%) and interleukin-4 (median 0.05%) by Elispot, and cosecretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines after measles virus stimulation. |
| 5390 | 16573379 | The clinical response achieved with the combination therapy was correlated with increased interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production by splenic lymphocytes and draining lymph node cells. |
| 5391 | 16579818 | When stimulated with N. caninum tachyzoite lysates, splenocytes of vaccinated mice, cultured 5 and 10 wk after vaccination, secreted significant (P<0.05) levels of interferon gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, and small amounts of IL-4. |
| 5392 | 16585215 | CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells can down-regulate tumor immunosurveillance independent of interleukin-4 receptor-signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 or transforming growth factor-beta. |
| 5393 | 16585215 | Further, we examined the role of CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) cells by depleting the cells in vivo and measuring CTL activity in vitro. |
| 5394 | 16585215 | We also asked the role of interleukin (IL)-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) signaling, including IL-13, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) by using gene-disrupted mice or treating mice with cytokine antagonists. |
| 5395 | 16585215 | Further studies suggested that the rejection of tumor in CD1d KO mice was dependent on CD8(+) lymphocytes. |
| 5396 | 16585215 | Distinct from other murine tumor models, the negative regulation induced by CD1d-restricted NKT cells was not dependent on IL-4Ralpha-STAT6 signaling, including IL-13, or on TGF-beta. |
| 5397 | 16585215 | CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells can down-regulate tumor immunosurveillance independent of interleukin-4 receptor-signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 or transforming growth factor-beta. |
| 5398 | 16585215 | Further, we examined the role of CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) cells by depleting the cells in vivo and measuring CTL activity in vitro. |
| 5399 | 16585215 | We also asked the role of interleukin (IL)-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) signaling, including IL-13, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) by using gene-disrupted mice or treating mice with cytokine antagonists. |
| 5400 | 16585215 | Further studies suggested that the rejection of tumor in CD1d KO mice was dependent on CD8(+) lymphocytes. |
| 5401 | 16585215 | Distinct from other murine tumor models, the negative regulation induced by CD1d-restricted NKT cells was not dependent on IL-4Ralpha-STAT6 signaling, including IL-13, or on TGF-beta. |
| 5402 | 16596628 | Expression of both Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) was enhanced after DNA vaccination as compared to controls, with a bias towards Th1 response. |
| 5403 | 16603096 | We also evaluated the influence of specific immunotherapy on the serum level of IFN-G, sIL-2R, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 before treatment and after 4 years of therapy with the quantitative 2-step colorimetric sandwich ELISA method (R and D Systems). |
| 5404 | 16603096 | In the control group, a significant increase of serum IL-4 (p<0.01) as well as IL-5 (p<0.05) was registered at the end of the observation period. |
| 5405 | 16603096 | We also evaluated the influence of specific immunotherapy on the serum level of IFN-G, sIL-2R, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 before treatment and after 4 years of therapy with the quantitative 2-step colorimetric sandwich ELISA method (R and D Systems). |
| 5406 | 16603096 | In the control group, a significant increase of serum IL-4 (p<0.01) as well as IL-5 (p<0.05) was registered at the end of the observation period. |
| 5407 | 16603588 | In B10.A mice, neutrophil depletion resulted in increased levels of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-4 in the lungs, high levels of hepatic cytokines, and increased synthesis of T helper cell type 1 (Th1)- and Th2-regulated antibodies [immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgA, and IgG3]. |
| 5408 | 16603588 | In neutrophil-depleted A/J mice, high levels of pulmonary IL-12 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor were concomitant to diminished levels of hepatic cytokines and increased amounts of Th1-regulated isotypes (IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3). |
| 5409 | 16603614 | These antigen-specific immunoproteins are thought to have immunoregulatory properties in the suppression of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) because they often associate with interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta. |
| 5410 | 16603614 | For 14 participants, the effect of mannan stimulation on TABM production and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 mRNA expression by peripheral blood lymphocytes was also studied. |
| 5411 | 16603614 | In addition, the CAM-TABM level was directly related to mRNA expression for IL-4 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 5412 | 16603614 | These antigen-specific immunoproteins are thought to have immunoregulatory properties in the suppression of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) because they often associate with interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta. |
| 5413 | 16603614 | For 14 participants, the effect of mannan stimulation on TABM production and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 mRNA expression by peripheral blood lymphocytes was also studied. |
| 5414 | 16603614 | In addition, the CAM-TABM level was directly related to mRNA expression for IL-4 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 5415 | 16605124 | Different Schistosoma mansoni antigens; adult worm antigen (SWAP) and lung-stage antigen (SLAP) together with different cytokine adjuvants (Interferon-gamma and Interleukin-4) were used to immunize mice against. |
| 5416 | 16605124 | SLAP plus IFN-gamma as an adjuvant was the best immunization regimen with almost 50% protection and a remarkable resolving of parasite pathology. |
| 5417 | 16616574 | Immunization with MIC1 and MIC4 induces protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. |
| 5418 | 16616574 | In this work, we evaluated the protective effect encountered in C57BL/6 mice immunized with MIC1 and MIC4 purified from soluble tachyzoite antigens by affinity to immobilized lactose. |
| 5419 | 16616574 | MIC1/4-stimulated spleen cells from immunized mice produced IL-2, IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-10, but not IL-4, suggesting the induction of a polarized Th1 type immune response. |
| 5420 | 16616574 | Our data demonstrate that MIC1 and MIC4 triggered a protective response against toxoplasmosis, and that these antigens are targets for the further development of a vaccine. |
| 5421 | 16620826 | While susceptibility to chronic infection is propagated by T helper cell type 1 cytokine responses (characterised by production of IL-12, IL-18 and interferon-gamma), immunity to intestinal-dwelling adult nematode worms is critically dependent on a type 2 cytokine response (controlled by CD4+T helper type 2 cells that secrete the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13). |
| 5422 | 16621176 | Naïve splenocytes produced high levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 after incubation with LPS+ sonicate, while cells incubated with LPS- sonicate did not. |
| 5423 | 16621176 | Mice immunized with LPS+ sonicate developed a prominent innate response characterized by increased TNF-alpha and IL-10, as well as a strong antigen specific Th1 response including, IFN-gamma, IL-2 and high IgG2a serum titers. |
| 5424 | 16621176 | Mice that received LPS- sonicate were strongly Th2 biased in their immune response, with significantly more IL-4 than IFN-gamma and serum IgG1 titers higher than IgG2a. |
| 5425 | 16622224 | The OVA-specific immune response was characterized by high levels of serum IgG1 and increased production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, or IL-10 from lymphoid cells of immunized animals, suggesting a Th2 response. |
| 5426 | 16630673 | These preliminary studies implicate conventional CD4+ T cells as the sole potential producers of IL-4 following immunisation with antigen prepared in aluminium adjuvants. |
| 5427 | 16634802 | The effect of M. bovis infection, 4 months post-challenge, was to suppress the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6. |
| 5428 | 16634802 | Expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-12 was maintained. |
| 5429 | 16634802 | In particular, no decrease in expression of IL-4 or IL-6 was observed following challenge of vaccinated animals and decreased IFN-gamma was detected. |
| 5430 | 16634802 | Also, vaccinated animals had higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 transcripts compared to unvaccinated animals following challenge. |
| 5431 | 16634802 | These changes in cytokine expression levels led to a significant shift in the IFN-gamma/IL-4 or IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio within the lymph node following challenge. |
| 5432 | 16634802 | An inverse correlation between the level of pathology and bacterial load within the lymph node and the expression of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF was also observed. |
| 5433 | 16634802 | The effect of M. bovis infection, 4 months post-challenge, was to suppress the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6. |
| 5434 | 16634802 | Expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-12 was maintained. |
| 5435 | 16634802 | In particular, no decrease in expression of IL-4 or IL-6 was observed following challenge of vaccinated animals and decreased IFN-gamma was detected. |
| 5436 | 16634802 | Also, vaccinated animals had higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 transcripts compared to unvaccinated animals following challenge. |
| 5437 | 16634802 | These changes in cytokine expression levels led to a significant shift in the IFN-gamma/IL-4 or IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio within the lymph node following challenge. |
| 5438 | 16634802 | An inverse correlation between the level of pathology and bacterial load within the lymph node and the expression of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF was also observed. |
| 5439 | 16634802 | The effect of M. bovis infection, 4 months post-challenge, was to suppress the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6. |
| 5440 | 16634802 | Expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-12 was maintained. |
| 5441 | 16634802 | In particular, no decrease in expression of IL-4 or IL-6 was observed following challenge of vaccinated animals and decreased IFN-gamma was detected. |
| 5442 | 16634802 | Also, vaccinated animals had higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 transcripts compared to unvaccinated animals following challenge. |
| 5443 | 16634802 | These changes in cytokine expression levels led to a significant shift in the IFN-gamma/IL-4 or IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio within the lymph node following challenge. |
| 5444 | 16634802 | An inverse correlation between the level of pathology and bacterial load within the lymph node and the expression of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF was also observed. |
| 5445 | 16634802 | The effect of M. bovis infection, 4 months post-challenge, was to suppress the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6. |
| 5446 | 16634802 | Expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-12 was maintained. |
| 5447 | 16634802 | In particular, no decrease in expression of IL-4 or IL-6 was observed following challenge of vaccinated animals and decreased IFN-gamma was detected. |
| 5448 | 16634802 | Also, vaccinated animals had higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 transcripts compared to unvaccinated animals following challenge. |
| 5449 | 16634802 | These changes in cytokine expression levels led to a significant shift in the IFN-gamma/IL-4 or IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio within the lymph node following challenge. |
| 5450 | 16634802 | An inverse correlation between the level of pathology and bacterial load within the lymph node and the expression of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF was also observed. |
| 5451 | 16638213 | BM-derived DCs were generated from bone marrow of 615 mice by culturing for 9 - 10 days in culture medium supplemented with GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 5452 | 16641286 | Neonatal mice immunized intranasally with VP6/LT(R192G) were unprotected at 10 days postimmunization (dpi) and had no detectable rotavirus B-cell (antibody) or CD4(+) CD8(+) T-cell (rotavirus-inducible, Th1 [gamma interferon and interleukin-2 {IL-2}]-, Th2 [IL-5 and IL-4]-, or ThIL-17 [IL-17]-producing spleen cells) responses. |
| 5453 | 16647169 | IL-12- and IL-4-deficient mice were immunized to study the individual roles of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. |
| 5454 | 16647169 | While IL-4-deficient mice developed a protective immune response similar to that found in wild-type mice, it was not possible to induce protective immunity in the highly susceptible IL-12-deficient mice due to severe disease symptoms and death following inoculation of the SE vaccine strain (doses >or=5 x 10(2)CFU were lethal for IL-12-deficient mice). |
| 5455 | 16647169 | IL-12- and IL-4-deficient mice were immunized to study the individual roles of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. |
| 5456 | 16647169 | While IL-4-deficient mice developed a protective immune response similar to that found in wild-type mice, it was not possible to induce protective immunity in the highly susceptible IL-12-deficient mice due to severe disease symptoms and death following inoculation of the SE vaccine strain (doses >or=5 x 10(2)CFU were lethal for IL-12-deficient mice). |
| 5457 | 16678312 | IC31, the combination of a novel immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide containing deoxy-Inosine/deoxy-Cytosine (ODN1a) and the antimicrobial peptide KLKL(5)KLK, represents a promising novel adjuvant signaling via the TLR9/MyD88-dependent pathway of the innate immune system. |
| 5458 | 16678312 | Activation of murine dendritic cells by IC31 induced efficiently proliferation of naïve CD4(+) TCR transgenic T cells (DO.11.10) as well as their differentiation into IFN-gamma- and IL-4-producing T cells in vitro. |
| 5459 | 16699033 | Following immunization of three different strains of mice (C57BL/6, BALB/c, and CBA) with either an equal number of Ad particles (resulting in a different total HA copy number) or different Ad particle numbers (to achieve the same HA copy number), the highest primary (immunoglobulin M [IgM]) and secondary (IgG) anti-HA humoral and cellular CD4 gamma interferon and interleukin-4 responses against HA were always achieved with the Ad vector carrying the HA epitope in fiber knob. |
| 5460 | 16706787 | We also identified a new chaperonin-10 promoter that was hyperexpressive compared with the heat shock protein-65 promoter. |
| 5461 | 16706787 | Splenocytes from recombinant bacillus Calmette-Guérin-immunized mice showed enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-4 (but not interferon-gamma) secretion. |
| 5462 | 16709016 | The IL-4 and IL-13 pseudomonas exotoxins: new hope for brain tumor therapy. |
| 5463 | 16709016 | The authors have discovered that receptors for two cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, are overexpressed on tumor biopsy samples and on cell lines derived from a variety of human tumors, including brain tumors. |
| 5464 | 16709016 | In human solid tumor cells, IL-4 binds to two chains (IL-4Ra and IL-13Ra1), whereas IL- 13 binds to three chains in many solid tumor cells, including glioma cells (to IL-4Ra, IL-13Ra1, and IL-13Ra2). |
| 5465 | 16709016 | To target IL-4Rs and IL-13Rs, the authors generated two recombinant fusion cytotoxins composed of IL-4 or IL-13 and a mutated form of pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), which for simplicity are called IL4-PE and IL13-PE in this paper. |
| 5466 | 16709016 | The IL-4 and IL-13 pseudomonas exotoxins: new hope for brain tumor therapy. |
| 5467 | 16709016 | The authors have discovered that receptors for two cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, are overexpressed on tumor biopsy samples and on cell lines derived from a variety of human tumors, including brain tumors. |
| 5468 | 16709016 | In human solid tumor cells, IL-4 binds to two chains (IL-4Ra and IL-13Ra1), whereas IL- 13 binds to three chains in many solid tumor cells, including glioma cells (to IL-4Ra, IL-13Ra1, and IL-13Ra2). |
| 5469 | 16709016 | To target IL-4Rs and IL-13Rs, the authors generated two recombinant fusion cytotoxins composed of IL-4 or IL-13 and a mutated form of pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), which for simplicity are called IL4-PE and IL13-PE in this paper. |
| 5470 | 16709016 | The IL-4 and IL-13 pseudomonas exotoxins: new hope for brain tumor therapy. |
| 5471 | 16709016 | The authors have discovered that receptors for two cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, are overexpressed on tumor biopsy samples and on cell lines derived from a variety of human tumors, including brain tumors. |
| 5472 | 16709016 | In human solid tumor cells, IL-4 binds to two chains (IL-4Ra and IL-13Ra1), whereas IL- 13 binds to three chains in many solid tumor cells, including glioma cells (to IL-4Ra, IL-13Ra1, and IL-13Ra2). |
| 5473 | 16709016 | To target IL-4Rs and IL-13Rs, the authors generated two recombinant fusion cytotoxins composed of IL-4 or IL-13 and a mutated form of pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), which for simplicity are called IL4-PE and IL13-PE in this paper. |
| 5474 | 16709016 | The IL-4 and IL-13 pseudomonas exotoxins: new hope for brain tumor therapy. |
| 5475 | 16709016 | The authors have discovered that receptors for two cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, are overexpressed on tumor biopsy samples and on cell lines derived from a variety of human tumors, including brain tumors. |
| 5476 | 16709016 | In human solid tumor cells, IL-4 binds to two chains (IL-4Ra and IL-13Ra1), whereas IL- 13 binds to three chains in many solid tumor cells, including glioma cells (to IL-4Ra, IL-13Ra1, and IL-13Ra2). |
| 5477 | 16709016 | To target IL-4Rs and IL-13Rs, the authors generated two recombinant fusion cytotoxins composed of IL-4 or IL-13 and a mutated form of pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), which for simplicity are called IL4-PE and IL13-PE in this paper. |
| 5478 | 16712895 | Levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) seemed to inversely correlate with interferon-gamma responses. |
| 5479 | 16712895 | IL-2, IL-4 or transforming growth factor-beta responses were not detected at any time for neither of the vaccines. |
| 5480 | 16712895 | These results indicated a strong involvement of IFN-gamma, and maybe IL-10, in the development of immunity against PRRS virus. |
| 5481 | 16714073 | We studied the association between class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*0301 presented measles virus (MV) peptide-specific cytokine responses and DQB1 and DPB1 alleles among 313 individuals who received two doses of measles-mumps-rubella-II vaccine. |
| 5482 | 16714073 | The overall median IFN-gamma secretion levels (first and third quartiles) for the 19-amino acid MV phosphoprotein (MV-P)- and 14-amino acid MV nucleoprotein (MV-N)-derived peptides were 27.7 pg/ml (1.8, 109.4) and 1.9 pg/ml (-6.2, 13.0), respectively; median IL-4 secretion levels were -0.6 pg/ml (-7.1, 6.2) and 2.4 pg/ml (-3.2, 9.3), respectively. |
| 5483 | 16714073 | A marginally significant increase in the frequency of the DQB1*0604 (p=0.02) allele was found among subjects who demonstrated detectable IL-4 levels to the MV-P peptide. |
| 5484 | 16714073 | Examination of IFN-gamma responses to MV-P and MV-N indicated that none of the individual alleles of the DQB1 and DPB1 loci were associated with peptide-induced T cell response. |
| 5485 | 16714073 | These data further confirm that HLA-DRB1 alleles are the major restriction molecules for MV-P and MV-N measles virus antigen presentation to T cells. |
| 5486 | 16714073 | We speculate that MV-P and MV-N peptides derived from DRB1*0301 could potentially be recognized in association with different HLA molecules, including DQB1 and DPB1; however, statistical adjustments for the effect of HLA-DR locus could potentially alter these genetic relationships. |
| 5487 | 16714073 | We studied the association between class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*0301 presented measles virus (MV) peptide-specific cytokine responses and DQB1 and DPB1 alleles among 313 individuals who received two doses of measles-mumps-rubella-II vaccine. |
| 5488 | 16714073 | The overall median IFN-gamma secretion levels (first and third quartiles) for the 19-amino acid MV phosphoprotein (MV-P)- and 14-amino acid MV nucleoprotein (MV-N)-derived peptides were 27.7 pg/ml (1.8, 109.4) and 1.9 pg/ml (-6.2, 13.0), respectively; median IL-4 secretion levels were -0.6 pg/ml (-7.1, 6.2) and 2.4 pg/ml (-3.2, 9.3), respectively. |
| 5489 | 16714073 | A marginally significant increase in the frequency of the DQB1*0604 (p=0.02) allele was found among subjects who demonstrated detectable IL-4 levels to the MV-P peptide. |
| 5490 | 16714073 | Examination of IFN-gamma responses to MV-P and MV-N indicated that none of the individual alleles of the DQB1 and DPB1 loci were associated with peptide-induced T cell response. |
| 5491 | 16714073 | These data further confirm that HLA-DRB1 alleles are the major restriction molecules for MV-P and MV-N measles virus antigen presentation to T cells. |
| 5492 | 16714073 | We speculate that MV-P and MV-N peptides derived from DRB1*0301 could potentially be recognized in association with different HLA molecules, including DQB1 and DPB1; however, statistical adjustments for the effect of HLA-DR locus could potentially alter these genetic relationships. |
| 5493 | 16734116 | On the other hand, 20-30% of the schistosomiasis resistant individuals showed detectable levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma after stimulation with SmCaR, and 59% of them showed had anti SmCaR IgM specific antibodies. |
| 5494 | 16737046 | The second objective was to identify differences in CD4 and CD8 T cell numbers/kinetics/functions and levels of TH2 cytokines (IL4 and IL10) in different groups during the three-dose vaccination regimen. 40 HIV/AIDS patients were subdivided into groups 1A where patients had a high CD4 (> 200/mm3) count and IB where patients had a low CD4 (< 200/mm3) count. |
| 5495 | 16737046 | Detection of CD4 and CD8 cells was done by flowcytometry. |
| 5496 | 16737046 | TH2 type of cytokines IL4 and IL10 were estimated in the culture supernatant of PHA stimulated leukocyte rich plasma by sandwich ELISA. |
| 5497 | 16737046 | Both CD4 and CD8 cells increased significantly after vaccination in all the groups irrespective of the disease status. |
| 5498 | 16737046 | On the other hand, IL4/IL10 responses to PHA stimulation in the HIV-positive groups were much lower than in controls (P< 0.1). |
| 5499 | 16737046 | Cytokines IL4 and IL10 which regulate antibody response, were also lower in-patients and this together with a low CD4 count possibly accounted for the low anti-HBs levels. |
| 5500 | 16737046 | The second objective was to identify differences in CD4 and CD8 T cell numbers/kinetics/functions and levels of TH2 cytokines (IL4 and IL10) in different groups during the three-dose vaccination regimen. 40 HIV/AIDS patients were subdivided into groups 1A where patients had a high CD4 (> 200/mm3) count and IB where patients had a low CD4 (< 200/mm3) count. |
| 5501 | 16737046 | Detection of CD4 and CD8 cells was done by flowcytometry. |
| 5502 | 16737046 | TH2 type of cytokines IL4 and IL10 were estimated in the culture supernatant of PHA stimulated leukocyte rich plasma by sandwich ELISA. |
| 5503 | 16737046 | Both CD4 and CD8 cells increased significantly after vaccination in all the groups irrespective of the disease status. |
| 5504 | 16737046 | On the other hand, IL4/IL10 responses to PHA stimulation in the HIV-positive groups were much lower than in controls (P< 0.1). |
| 5505 | 16737046 | Cytokines IL4 and IL10 which regulate antibody response, were also lower in-patients and this together with a low CD4 count possibly accounted for the low anti-HBs levels. |
| 5506 | 16737046 | The second objective was to identify differences in CD4 and CD8 T cell numbers/kinetics/functions and levels of TH2 cytokines (IL4 and IL10) in different groups during the three-dose vaccination regimen. 40 HIV/AIDS patients were subdivided into groups 1A where patients had a high CD4 (> 200/mm3) count and IB where patients had a low CD4 (< 200/mm3) count. |
| 5507 | 16737046 | Detection of CD4 and CD8 cells was done by flowcytometry. |
| 5508 | 16737046 | TH2 type of cytokines IL4 and IL10 were estimated in the culture supernatant of PHA stimulated leukocyte rich plasma by sandwich ELISA. |
| 5509 | 16737046 | Both CD4 and CD8 cells increased significantly after vaccination in all the groups irrespective of the disease status. |
| 5510 | 16737046 | On the other hand, IL4/IL10 responses to PHA stimulation in the HIV-positive groups were much lower than in controls (P< 0.1). |
| 5511 | 16737046 | Cytokines IL4 and IL10 which regulate antibody response, were also lower in-patients and this together with a low CD4 count possibly accounted for the low anti-HBs levels. |
| 5512 | 16737046 | The second objective was to identify differences in CD4 and CD8 T cell numbers/kinetics/functions and levels of TH2 cytokines (IL4 and IL10) in different groups during the three-dose vaccination regimen. 40 HIV/AIDS patients were subdivided into groups 1A where patients had a high CD4 (> 200/mm3) count and IB where patients had a low CD4 (< 200/mm3) count. |
| 5513 | 16737046 | Detection of CD4 and CD8 cells was done by flowcytometry. |
| 5514 | 16737046 | TH2 type of cytokines IL4 and IL10 were estimated in the culture supernatant of PHA stimulated leukocyte rich plasma by sandwich ELISA. |
| 5515 | 16737046 | Both CD4 and CD8 cells increased significantly after vaccination in all the groups irrespective of the disease status. |
| 5516 | 16737046 | On the other hand, IL4/IL10 responses to PHA stimulation in the HIV-positive groups were much lower than in controls (P< 0.1). |
| 5517 | 16737046 | Cytokines IL4 and IL10 which regulate antibody response, were also lower in-patients and this together with a low CD4 count possibly accounted for the low anti-HBs levels. |
| 5518 | 16760321 | Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from infected WTD expressed more gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, and IL-4 mRNA than did PBL from uninfected deer; however, differences were not detected in expression of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta mRNA. |
| 5519 | 16764688 | Prior epicutaneous immunization results in reduced production of antigen-specific interferon-gamma and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and enhanced interleukin-4, IgG1 and IgE responses to immunization with CFA. |
| 5520 | 16764688 | Moreover, epicutaneous immunization converts an established Th1 response to a Th2 response, as demonstrated by the specific reduction of interferon-gamma and IgG2a and the enhancement of interleukin-4 and IgE. |
| 5521 | 16764688 | Prior epicutaneous immunization results in reduced production of antigen-specific interferon-gamma and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and enhanced interleukin-4, IgG1 and IgE responses to immunization with CFA. |
| 5522 | 16764688 | Moreover, epicutaneous immunization converts an established Th1 response to a Th2 response, as demonstrated by the specific reduction of interferon-gamma and IgG2a and the enhancement of interleukin-4 and IgE. |
| 5523 | 16790792 | In order to quantify in vivo the mRNAs of cytokines which play important roles in leptospirosis, we have developed quantitative real-time PCR assays for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor beta, and two housekeeping genes (encoding beta-actin and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase). |
| 5524 | 16790792 | In this kinetic study, there was pronounced expression of Th1 cytokine mRNA (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-12), with transcripts being detected as early as 1 h postinfection. |
| 5525 | 16790792 | Expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, was prominent in delayed samples from 1 to 4 days postinfection in response to infection with Leptospira interrogans. |
| 5526 | 16790792 | In order to quantify in vivo the mRNAs of cytokines which play important roles in leptospirosis, we have developed quantitative real-time PCR assays for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor beta, and two housekeeping genes (encoding beta-actin and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase). |
| 5527 | 16790792 | In this kinetic study, there was pronounced expression of Th1 cytokine mRNA (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-12), with transcripts being detected as early as 1 h postinfection. |
| 5528 | 16790792 | Expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, was prominent in delayed samples from 1 to 4 days postinfection in response to infection with Leptospira interrogans. |
| 5529 | 16790806 | Both events require binding of Inv to beta1 integrins, which initiates signaling cascades including activation of focal adhesion complexes, Rac1, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-kappaB. |
| 5530 | 16790806 | OVA-specific CD4 T cells produced both gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 5531 | 16790806 | Likewise, pronounced OVA-specific CD8 T-cell responses associated with IFN-gamma production were observed. |
| 5532 | 16790806 | Together, these results suggest that Inv might be an attractive tool in vaccination as it confers both host cell uptake and adjuvant activity by engagement of beta1 integrins of host cells, which leads to CD4 as well as CD8 T-cell responses. |
| 5533 | 16801138 | In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the number of total cells and eosinophils was reduced, and regarding the change of cytokines, the concentration of IL-4 was also decreased, but interferon-gamma was increased in the co-administration group, opposed to the asthma group. |
| 5534 | 16821115 | A significant decrease of CD4 and CD8 naïve T cells and a corresponding increase of CD4 and CD8 memory T cells were found. |
| 5535 | 16821115 | The in vitro stimulation of PBMCs from elderly subjects with influenza antigens increased their proliferative capacity and the production of both IFNgamma and IL-4. |
| 5536 | 16831210 | Intranasal vaccination with antigen85A and antigen85B induced a significantly higher level of interferon-gamma, interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 in cervical lymph nodes together with IgA and IgG, predominantly IgG2a isotype in nasal secretion over subcutaneous vaccination. |
| 5537 | 16842269 | Cellular immune responses toward a Th1 subset mediated by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha predominate in asymptomatic dogs exhibiting apparent resistance to visceral leishmaniasis. |
| 5538 | 16842269 | On the other hand, while the role of Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, in symptomatic animals is still controversial, there is increasing evidence for a correlation of these cytokines with progressive disease. |
| 5539 | 16860446 | Splenocytes from immunized mice, stimulated in vitro, manifested a significant proliferative response accompanied by the production of high levels of interferon-gamma, but moderately elevated levels of interleukin-4, indicative of a predominantly Th1 type response. |
| 5540 | 16862385 | Assays of antibody isotype and IFN-gamma and IL-4 content in post-immunization serum showed that the fusion protein elicited a higher IgG2a titer and higher levels of IFN-gamma suggesting a potentiation of the Th1 immune response. |
| 5541 | 16872726 | The adjuvant RLJ-NE-299A up-regulated remarkably the expression of Th1 cytokines IL-2, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF alpha and Th2 cytokine IL-4 in lymph node cell cultures after 2 weeks of primary immunization with HBsAg. |
| 5542 | 16874456 | The IFN-gamma and IL-4 levels were quantified in the supernatants of specifically stimulated spleen cells. |
| 5543 | 16874456 | A respective 61%, 38% and 39% egg reduction was determined relative to those mice that only received the empty pVIVO2 plasmid. pVIVO(2)SjFABP-23 immunization increased IgG levels against SWAP and SEA. |
| 5544 | 16885908 | Similar effects using different cytokines such as GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, and IL-4 can be observed in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. |
| 5545 | 16887241 | In the present study DnaJ (HSP40) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has been evaluated for its immunogenicity and efficacy in protecting mice against lethal challenge by S. enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. |
| 5546 | 16887241 | Further there was an appreciable increase in IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma production in lymphocytes isolated from immunised mice as compared to control. |
| 5547 | 16887980 | The high transduction efficiency is in line with high expression levels of CD46 detected on migratory cutaneous DC, which proved to be further increased upon intradermal administration of GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 5548 | 16893994 | Regarding cellular immunity, significant levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (1,100 +/- 157 pg/ml) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (650 +/- 42 pg/ml) but not interleukin-4 were detected in splenocyte culture supernatants of pCI-Ag85B-vaccinated mice following stimulation with recombinant Ag85B. |
| 5549 | 16893994 | Further, the main source of IFN-gamma is CD8(+) T cells, as demonstrated by intracellular cytokine staining. |
| 5550 | 16901590 | However, only the immunization with the PFR2-HSP70 fused genes triggers in spleen cells a statistically significant enhancement of expression of IL-12 and IFN-gamma and a decrease in the percentage of cells expressing IL-4. |
| 5551 | 16914241 | Impact of genetic variants in IL-4, IL-4 RA and IL-13 on the anti-pneumococcal antibody response. |
| 5552 | 16914349 | However, the use of pCI/IL-12 as adjuvant to pCI/Sm14 immunization failed to enhance protection against challenge infection. |
| 5553 | 16914349 | Protection induced by pCI/Sm14 immunization correlates with specific IgG antibody production against Sm14, Th1 type of immune response with high levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma and low levels of IL-4 in splenocyte culture supernatants and in bronchoalveolar lavage after challenge infection. |
| 5554 | 16914349 | IL-12 co-administration with pCI/Sm14 induced a significant production of nitric oxide in splenocyte culture supernatants and also lymphocyte suppression, with reduced percentage of T cells producing IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 5555 | 16918131 | Autologous DCs were generated in vitro from peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 5556 | 16918131 | DCs were pulsed with melanoma cell lysate from a cloned and selected melanoma cell line enriched in expression of MAGE-A antigens and deficient in expression of melanoma differentiation antigens: tyrosinase, MART-1 and gp100. |
| 5557 | 16938461 | The genes investigated were those that code for interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1R, IL-1RA, IL-4RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 5558 | 16938461 | Analyses of the data identified TGF-beta codon 25 GG (92.85% vs. 64.44%, p=0.04, OR=7.17), IL-4 -1098 GG (16.6% vs. 0.0%, p=0.05, OR=18.33), IL-10 -1082 GG (28.5% vs. 6.8%, p=0.05, OR=5.47), and IL-10 -1082 GCC/GCC (28.57% vs. 4.5%, p=0.025, OR=8.4) polymorphisms as risk factors for progression of bladder cancer. |
| 5559 | 16938461 | The genes investigated were those that code for interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1R, IL-1RA, IL-4RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 5560 | 16938461 | Analyses of the data identified TGF-beta codon 25 GG (92.85% vs. 64.44%, p=0.04, OR=7.17), IL-4 -1098 GG (16.6% vs. 0.0%, p=0.05, OR=18.33), IL-10 -1082 GG (28.5% vs. 6.8%, p=0.05, OR=5.47), and IL-10 -1082 GCC/GCC (28.57% vs. 4.5%, p=0.025, OR=8.4) polymorphisms as risk factors for progression of bladder cancer. |
| 5561 | 16945454 | Salviae co-administration significantly enhanced IFN-gamma and IL-2 cytokine producing splenocytes while ginseng induced high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine producing cells after challenge infection. |
| 5562 | 16945454 | Cells expressing an early activation marker CD69 and levels of a pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were highly elevated in lungs from naïve mice during challenge virus infection, which might be a mechanism in lung inflammation leading to death. |
| 5563 | 16945454 | In contrast, immunized mice that were co-administered ginseng or Salviae modulated CD69 expressing immune cells, did not produce IL-6, and showed significant enhancement of influenza virus specific IgA antibody in lungs after challenge virus infection. |
| 5564 | 16949577 | Schistosoma mansoni infection was established using irradiated cercariae in Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops (Grivet monkey) to describe immune responses of the serum cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IFN- gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 5565 | 16949577 | In primary infection, IL-4 was significantly raised (p=0.03) in the immunized monkeys, and there was an insignificant increase (p>0.05) in IL-10. |
| 5566 | 16949577 | However, ova excretion did not influence the cytokines, except in the controls where both IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly increased (p<0.05). |
| 5567 | 16949577 | Schistosoma mansoni infection was established using irradiated cercariae in Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops (Grivet monkey) to describe immune responses of the serum cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IFN- gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 5568 | 16949577 | In primary infection, IL-4 was significantly raised (p=0.03) in the immunized monkeys, and there was an insignificant increase (p>0.05) in IL-10. |
| 5569 | 16949577 | However, ova excretion did not influence the cytokines, except in the controls where both IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly increased (p<0.05). |
| 5570 | 16949577 | Schistosoma mansoni infection was established using irradiated cercariae in Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops (Grivet monkey) to describe immune responses of the serum cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IFN- gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 5571 | 16949577 | In primary infection, IL-4 was significantly raised (p=0.03) in the immunized monkeys, and there was an insignificant increase (p>0.05) in IL-10. |
| 5572 | 16949577 | However, ova excretion did not influence the cytokines, except in the controls where both IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly increased (p<0.05). |
| 5573 | 16950547 | Rd significantly enhanced the interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4, and IL-10 mRNA expression in mice splenocyte induced by Con A. |
| 5574 | 16951805 | The obtained results showed that there is no statistical difference in interferon-g, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 levels obtained with Smp40 stimulation compared with the control group (P > 0.05 for each). |
| 5575 | 16951805 | On the other hand, there were significant differences after Smp40 stimulation in IL-5 (P = 0.006) and IL-10 levels (P < 0.001) compared with the control group. |
| 5576 | 16956640 | Profiles of cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and TGF-beta in immunized mice showed a naive T-cells bias to Th1 and Th3 polarization. |
| 5577 | 16971810 | Dendritic cells loaded with killed allogeneic melanoma cells can induce objective clinical responses and MART-1 specific CD8+ T-cell immunity. |
| 5578 | 16971810 | DCs were generated by culturing monocytes with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor) and interleukin (IL-4) and activated by additional culture with tumor necrosis factor and CD40 ligand. |
| 5579 | 16971810 | Three out of 13 analyzed patients showed T-cell immunity to melanoma antigen recognized by autologous T cells (MART-1) tissue differentiation antigen. |
| 5580 | 16971810 | Two of 3 patients showed improved immune function after vaccinations demonstrated by improved secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma or T-cell proliferation in response to MART-1 derived peptides. |
| 5581 | 16971810 | In one of these patients, vaccination led to elicitation of CD8 T-cell immunity specific to a novel peptide-derived from MART-1 antigen, suggesting that cross-priming/presentation of melanoma antigens by DC vaccine had occurred. |
| 5582 | 16972041 | Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)-induced allergy may be controlled by IL-4 and CX3C fractalkine antagonists and CpG ODN as adjuvant: hypothesis and implications for treatment. |
| 5583 | 16972041 | Together with CpG ODNs that induce Toll-like receptor 9(+) (TLR9(+)) plasmacytoid dendritic cells to release type I IFN-alpha and -beta will reactivate the inhibited Th1 cells and the antiviral cytotoxic T leukocytes. |
| 5584 | 16972040 | It is hypothesized that the viral-soluble G glycoprotein (sG) contains a T cell superantigen (Tsag) that is capable of binding to the V(H)3 domain of IgE/FcepsilonRI(+) hematopoietic cells, basophils, mast cells and monocytes, similar to the case of allergens, and that this aggregation causes these innate system cells to degranulate and release large amounts of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) into the blood. |
| 5585 | 16972040 | The review of the molecular research on the role of the viral fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoproteins of RSV provided information on their role in the virus infection: early in infection the F glycoprotein induces Th1 cells to release the Th1 cytokines IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-gamma to activate precursors CTLs (pCTLs) to become anti-RSV CTLs. |
| 5586 | 16972040 | The gradual increase of sG molecules creates a gradient of fractalkine (FKN) which directs IL-5-activated eosinophils to the lungs of the patient. |
| 5587 | 16987066 | Our data indicate that 80% of the tumors expressed low levels of CD4 mRNA, with all of them expressing higher CD8 mRNA levels. |
| 5588 | 16987066 | Most tumors expressed interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 mRNAs and, most importantly, all of them expressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and interferon gamma mRNA. |
| 5589 | 16987066 | None of the tumors studied expressed IL-12, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA. |
| 5590 | 16988248 | Elevated background levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (37.1 pg/ml versus 10.9 pg/ml [P = 0.04]), IL-4 (27.7 pg/ml versus 6.9 pg/ml [P = 0.02]), IL-10 (18.2 pg/ml versus 7.2 pg/ml [P < 0.001]), and gamma interferon (18.2 pg/ml versus 4.7 pg/ml [P = 0.006]) were noted in Sch(+) children compared to Sch(-) children without malaria. |
| 5591 | 16988248 | IL-6 and IL-10 levels were elevated in association with acute malaria, but the levels appeared to be blunted in Sch(+) children compared to Sch(-) children who were 4 to 8 years old (for IL-6, 96.2 pg/ml versus 137.2 pg/ml [P = 0.08]; for IL-10, 195.9 pg/ml versus 282.2 pg/ml [P = 0.06]). |
| 5592 | 16996661 | In this study aimed at developing a vaccine for humans, West Nile virus (WNV) envelope protein (E) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) were produced in the Drosophila S2 cell expression system. |
| 5593 | 16996661 | The proteins were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) using monoclonal antibodies that were flavivirus envelope protein group specific (for the 80E) or flavivirus NS1 group specific (for NS1). |
| 5594 | 16996661 | Splenocytes from immunized mice, cultured in vitro with the vaccine antigens as stimulants, showed excellent proliferation and production of cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10). |
| 5595 | 16997788 | The frequency of Interferon-gamma and Interleukin (IL)-2 expressing CD4+/CD8+ T-cell subsets was significantly higher with a concomitant reduction in IL-4 and IL-10 expressing T-cells in the vaccine treated group as compared with the untreated controls. |
| 5596 | 17011637 | CD4(+) T lymphocytes and IL-4 rather than IL-10, or IFN-gamma were found to be the predominant cytokines associated with the clinical onset of allergic symptoms in C57BL/6 mice. |
| 5597 | 17023392 | N-linked glycosylation of IL-13R alpha2 is essential for optimal IL-13 inhibitory activity. |
| 5598 | 17023392 | The extracellular domain of IL-13R alpha2 (ECD alpha2) could be cleaved, which serves as a decoy receptor. |
| 5599 | 17023392 | The purified glycosylated ECD alpha2 efficiently inhibited IL-13-induced STAT6 phosphorylation in immune and Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines, IL-13 binding, and cytotoxicity of IL-13 cytotoxin in various cancer cell lines. |
| 5600 | 17023392 | ECD alpha2 did not inhibit IL-4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation, indicating that inhibitory effects of ECD alpha2 are receptor specific. |
| 5601 | 17028079 | Both types of spores induced spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes cell proliferation as well as production of IFNgamma but not of IL-4 and IL-10 in both districts. |
| 5602 | 17030407 | The latter result was complied with a significant rise of IL-4 but not IFN-gamma positive CD4+ T-lymphocytes in NALT. |
| 5603 | 17033714 | Six weeks after BALB/c mice (H-2d) were immunized with 106 colony forming units (CFUs) BCG or rBCG, splenocyte proliferation was determined with MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma produced by splenocytes were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA,) and the cytotoxicity of splenocytes from immunized mice to P815 cells (H-2d) expressing ESAT-6 protein was measured using CytoTox 96 Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay. |
| 5604 | 17034859 | The content of IgG, IgA, IgM, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and specific antibody titer as well as the number of immunocompetent cells were systematically analyzed in the vaccinated mice. |
| 5605 | 17052667 | This study reports immunological indices, including leukocyte phenotypes, intracellular cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-4 and antibody responses against vaccine antigens. |
| 5606 | 17055124 | The results showed that, compared to Tris-EDTA buffer (TE, 1 mM Tris, 0.1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0) injected mice, the expressions of Th1 type cytokine IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 were increased in hybrid phage, KLH-C, and wild phage immunized mice, and there were no differences between mice immunized with hybrid phage and KLH-C. |
| 5607 | 17055124 | While the expression of Th2 type cytokine IL-10 was similar in all mice, IL-4 was not detected. |
| 5608 | 17055651 | Measurement of interleukine (IL) levels (IL-4, IL-5, IL-12(p40)) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the sera of mice immunized with pBMC2 indicated high levels of IL-4 and IL-5, although there were also significant levels of IFN-gamma. |
| 5609 | 17058109 | This immunization resulted in an enhanced Th1 immune response as measured by IgG2a antibody production and increased splenocyte IFN-gamma production, whereas no IL-4 was detected. |
| 5610 | 17070626 | Compared to unvaccinated infected chickens, vaccinated protected birds had lower expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-18 genes in spleen. |
| 5611 | 17070626 | However, there was no difference between these two groups of birds in the expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4, IL-12 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes on day 21 post-infection. |
| 5612 | 17074291 | The first assessment criteria was the follow-up of selected immunological parameters such as, antibody levels, lymphoproliferation, double positive CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes and cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma). |
| 5613 | 17074291 | This better protection of BioMed animals seems to be correlated mainly with higher levels of antibodies and to a lesser extent with a slightly better CMI response and probably with the production of memory CD4+CD8+ T cells. |
| 5614 | 17086102 | The residue 129 polymorphism was also associated with distinct patterns of cytokine response: PrP 128-141 [129M] inducing IL-4 and IL-6 production, which was not seen in response to PrP 128-141 [129V]. |
| 5615 | 17086422 | We further showed that the mechanisms involved in the inhibitory effect of C3d3 might be possible due to impairing the function of antigen presenting B lymphocytes and reducing the expression of transcription factors (T-bet and GATA-3) and cytokine IL-4. |
| 5616 | 17090392 | Intranasal vaccination with dmSEC induced the production of SEC-specific antibodies such as IgG1, IgG2b and IgA. dmSEC-vaccinated mice elicited significantly higher titers of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10, and lower levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) after challenge with S. aureus compared with the control group. |
| 5617 | 17090392 | Furthermore, the sera from dmSEC-immunized mice significantly inhibited IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in vitro. |
| 5618 | 17092436 | IgE levels in serum and IL-4/IL-13 levels in BALF were determined by ELISA. |
| 5619 | 17092436 | Expressions of STAT6 and NF-kappaB in lung were determined by immunohistochemistry staining. |
| 5620 | 17092436 | Significant reductions of eosinophil infiltration and levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in BALF were observed after vaccination. |
| 5621 | 17092436 | Further more, DNA vaccination inhibited STAT6 and NF-kappaB expression in lung tissue in Der p 2-immunized mice. |
| 5622 | 17092436 | IgE levels in serum and IL-4/IL-13 levels in BALF were determined by ELISA. |
| 5623 | 17092436 | Expressions of STAT6 and NF-kappaB in lung were determined by immunohistochemistry staining. |
| 5624 | 17092436 | Significant reductions of eosinophil infiltration and levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in BALF were observed after vaccination. |
| 5625 | 17092436 | Further more, DNA vaccination inhibited STAT6 and NF-kappaB expression in lung tissue in Der p 2-immunized mice. |
| 5626 | 17101651 | While vaccination with native CD increased the number of interleukin-2 (IL-2)- and gamma interferon-producing cells, rCD mainly stimulated IL-4-secreting cells. |
| 5627 | 17114502 | The current study shows that coadministration of plasmid DNA vaccines encoding IL-10 together with a plasmid encoding a myelin basic protein (MBP) encephalitogenic determinant during an ongoing disease rapidly amplifies this Tr1-mediated response, in a disease-specific manner. |
| 5628 | 17114502 | Tolerance could be transferred by MBP-specific primary T cells isolated from protected donors and reversed by neutralizing Abs to IL-10 but not to IL-4. |
| 5629 | 17116174 | To evaluate the effect of the genetic adjuvant of chemokines on the adaptive immune responses induced by a plasmid DNA vaccine expressing glycorotein B (gB) of the pseudorabies virus (PrV), a PrV DNA vaccine was co-inoculated with plasmid DNA expressing certain chemokines including CCL3 (MIP-1alpha), CCL4 (MIP-1beta), CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL8 (MIP-2), and CXCL10 (IP-10). |
| 5630 | 17116174 | A co-injection of the CCL3 plasmid DNA induced immunity that was biased to the T helper type 2 (Th2) pattern, as judged by the ratio of immunoglobulin G isotypes and the production of interleukin-4 cytokine generated from stimulated immune T cells. |
| 5631 | 17116174 | However, CCL5 and CXCL10 induced immune responses of the Th1-type, which rendered the recipients more resistant to a virulent virus infection. |
| 5632 | 17118987 | Intranasal immunization using recombinant CPAF (rCPAF) plus interleukin-12 (IL-12) (rCPAF+IL-12 immunization) was used to assess the protective immunity against genital Chlamydia muridarum infection in BALB/c mice. rCPAF+IL-12 immunization induced robust gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production and minimal IL-4 production by splenocytes upon in vitro recall with rCPAF. |
| 5633 | 17118987 | This vaccination regimen also reduced the development of fibrosis and the influx of neutrophils into the upper genital tract when the animals were compared to mock-immunized (phosphate-buffered saline) animals after bacterial challenge. rCPAF+IL-12-mediated resolution of the bacterial infection and protection against Chlamydia-induced inflammatory disease were highly dependent on endogenous IFN-gamma production. |
| 5634 | 17140708 | In contrast, PCEP was associated with production of both IFNgamma and IL-4. |
| 5635 | 17146974 | The levels of IL-2 and RANTES showing a Th1 immune response were significantly increased, but there was no change in the level of IL-4 (Th2 immune response) in any of the immunized groups. |
| 5636 | 17152936 | Vaccinated neonatal BALB/c mice resisted infection with L. major, and lymphoid cells from the mice proliferated when restimulation with LmSEAgs and produced interferon-gamma and some interleukin-4. |
| 5637 | 17152936 | In addition, LmSEAgs stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce large amounts of interferon-gamma and some interleukin-5. |
| 5638 | 17178178 | Further, quantification of the gene expression induced by the stimulation with P-8 in asymptomatically infected dogs showed an up-regulation of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, which were three to 4-fold higher than that induced by soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA). |
| 5639 | 17178178 | While no measurable induction of IL-10 was observed, low levels of IL-4 mRNA were observed in response to both P-8 and SLA antigens. |
| 5640 | 17179660 | Protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis by a recombinant DNA vaccine and the effect of coinjection with a granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor gene. |
| 5641 | 17179660 | Compared to those injected with pVAX1, the mice injected with pVAX1/ppf significantly elicited more antigen specific antibody anti-PTS1, anti-PRN, anti-FHA and cytokine IL-10, IFN-gamma. |
| 5642 | 17179660 | When pGM-CSF was coinjected with pVAX1/ppf, the mice showed significantly increases of the three antibodies and cytokine IL-10, IL-4, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha compared to those injected with pVAX1 only. |
| 5643 | 17179660 | The mice in group pVAX1/ppf & pGM-CSF, in particular; induced much more anti-PTS1, IL-4 and TNF-alpha than those in group pVAX1/ppf. |
| 5644 | 17179660 | Protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis by a recombinant DNA vaccine and the effect of coinjection with a granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor gene. |
| 5645 | 17179660 | Compared to those injected with pVAX1, the mice injected with pVAX1/ppf significantly elicited more antigen specific antibody anti-PTS1, anti-PRN, anti-FHA and cytokine IL-10, IFN-gamma. |
| 5646 | 17179660 | When pGM-CSF was coinjected with pVAX1/ppf, the mice showed significantly increases of the three antibodies and cytokine IL-10, IL-4, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha compared to those injected with pVAX1 only. |
| 5647 | 17179660 | The mice in group pVAX1/ppf & pGM-CSF, in particular; induced much more anti-PTS1, IL-4 and TNF-alpha than those in group pVAX1/ppf. |
| 5648 | 17182155 | In these clinical trials we observed that CVD 909 immunization elicits a wide array of CMI, including cytotoxic T cells (CTL), IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-10 (but not IL-2, IL-4 or IL-5) production, and proliferation to S. |
| 5649 | 17188704 | Proteins incorporating rat sequences of IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, or IL-13 were expressed as fusion proteins containing the major encephalitogenic region of myelin basic protein (MBP). |
| 5650 | 17188704 | In the case of the IL-2 and IL-4 fusion proteins, covalent linkage of the cytokine and neuroantigen domains resulted in synergistic antigen presentation. |
| 5651 | 17188704 | Proteins incorporating rat sequences of IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, or IL-13 were expressed as fusion proteins containing the major encephalitogenic region of myelin basic protein (MBP). |
| 5652 | 17188704 | In the case of the IL-2 and IL-4 fusion proteins, covalent linkage of the cytokine and neuroantigen domains resulted in synergistic antigen presentation. |
| 5653 | 17196231 | Both MLV and IAV induced a different nature of immunity biased to Th1- and Th2-type, respectively, as judged by the ratio of PrV-specific IgG isotypes (IgG2a/IgG1) and the profile of cytokine IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma production. |
| 5654 | 17198083 | DC pulsed with P. carinii did not demonstrate increased expression of the cell surface markers MHC II, CD40, CD54, CD80 (B7.1), and CD86 (B7.2). |
| 5655 | 17198083 | The release of interleukin (IL)-4 was increased, but there was no increase in the release of interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and nitrite compared with naive DC. |
| 5656 | 17198083 | In vivo administration of DC pulsed with P. carinii induced a P. carinii-specific response, generating CD4+ cells that proliferated and released IL-4, but not interferon-gamma, in response to P. carinii-pulsed DC in vitro. |
| 5657 | 17198083 | DC pulsed with P. carinii did not demonstrate increased expression of the cell surface markers MHC II, CD40, CD54, CD80 (B7.1), and CD86 (B7.2). |
| 5658 | 17198083 | The release of interleukin (IL)-4 was increased, but there was no increase in the release of interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and nitrite compared with naive DC. |
| 5659 | 17198083 | In vivo administration of DC pulsed with P. carinii induced a P. carinii-specific response, generating CD4+ cells that proliferated and released IL-4, but not interferon-gamma, in response to P. carinii-pulsed DC in vitro. |
| 5660 | 17201665 | Cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, and interferon-) in culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 5661 | 17213956 | After the challenge infection, Sj22.7-driven interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 was also quantified. |
| 5662 | 17213956 | The culture of spleen cells showed that secretion of IFN-gamma increased but IL-4 decreased. |
| 5663 | 17213956 | After the challenge infection, Sj22.7-driven interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 was also quantified. |
| 5664 | 17213956 | The culture of spleen cells showed that secretion of IFN-gamma increased but IL-4 decreased. |
| 5665 | 17223146 | The titre of IgG and IgG1/IgG2 isotype to SPML vaccine in serum, the proliferation of lymphocytes, SPML-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-4 production of PBMCs in vitro and IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10 in piglets serum were examined to identify the immune responses of the piglets. |
| 5666 | 17223970 | Production of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 accompanies T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine responses to a major thyroid self-antigen, thyroglobulin, in health and autoimmune thyroid disease. |
| 5667 | 17223970 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma exert detrimental effects in organ-specific autoimmune disease, while both destructive and protective roles have been demonstrated for interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 5668 | 17223970 | Initially, TNF-alpha and IL-2 were produced in all three groups, accompanied by IL-10. |
| 5669 | 17223970 | Release of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and, notably, IL-5 ensued. |
| 5670 | 17223970 | Both patient groups exhibited increased TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses, and PBMC from HT patients secreted lower amounts of IL-5 than male, but not female, controls. |
| 5671 | 17223970 | Conversely, higher production of TNF-alpha and IL-5 occurred in the presence of autologous sera than in the presence of pooled normal sera in both patient groups, indicating a dependency on serum constituents. |
| 5672 | 17223970 | Complement appeared to promote the production of IL-2 and particularly IL-5, the levels of which were reduced by neutralization of complement by heat- or zymosan treatment. |
| 5673 | 17223970 | The production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 of the three groups together correlated directly with the serum anti-Tg activity. |
| 5674 | 17223970 | Moreover, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-5 and IL-10 responses were markedly inhibited by partial denaturation of Tg by boiling. |
| 5675 | 17223970 | Production of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10 accompanies T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine responses to a major thyroid self-antigen, thyroglobulin, in health and autoimmune thyroid disease. |
| 5676 | 17223970 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma exert detrimental effects in organ-specific autoimmune disease, while both destructive and protective roles have been demonstrated for interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 5677 | 17223970 | Initially, TNF-alpha and IL-2 were produced in all three groups, accompanied by IL-10. |
| 5678 | 17223970 | Release of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and, notably, IL-5 ensued. |
| 5679 | 17223970 | Both patient groups exhibited increased TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses, and PBMC from HT patients secreted lower amounts of IL-5 than male, but not female, controls. |
| 5680 | 17223970 | Conversely, higher production of TNF-alpha and IL-5 occurred in the presence of autologous sera than in the presence of pooled normal sera in both patient groups, indicating a dependency on serum constituents. |
| 5681 | 17223970 | Complement appeared to promote the production of IL-2 and particularly IL-5, the levels of which were reduced by neutralization of complement by heat- or zymosan treatment. |
| 5682 | 17223970 | The production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 of the three groups together correlated directly with the serum anti-Tg activity. |
| 5683 | 17223970 | Moreover, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-5 and IL-10 responses were markedly inhibited by partial denaturation of Tg by boiling. |
| 5684 | 17223975 | Infection of Balb/c mice with M. tuberculosis SO2 was associated with comparatively lower levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and higher levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) during the late stage of infection, when compared with M. tuberculosis MT103 infection. |
| 5685 | 17224210 | Plasmids (pCI) carrying the genes of different cytokines including ovine IL-4(pCI-IL4), IL-10(pCI-IL10), GM-CSF(pCI-GMCSF), and MCP-1alpha(pCI-MCP1alpha), and pCI-IL4+pCI-GMCSF were co-delivered with pNPA. |
| 5686 | 17224216 | This led us to study bacterial clearance, lung pathology, lung TNF-alpha expression, and parameters of immediate hypersensitivity (IH), being serum IgE levels, eosinophil numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and ex vivo IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IFN-gamma production by the bronchial lymph node cells. |
| 5687 | 17229606 | With immunotherapy, concentrations of both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were elevated in patients' sera, suggesting an intensification of the T helper1/ T helper 2-mediated responses in the XPV-treated patients. |
| 5688 | 17239501 | Chlamydia-specific cytokines including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were detected in mice immunized either with selected DNA clones in spleen cells (0.2-135.2 pg/mL) or lymph nodes (0.15-84.9 pg/mL). |
| 5689 | 17240003 | The spleen cells of vaccinated mice produced significantly increased IFN-gamma and IL-4 concomitant with decreased IL-10 production during infection. |
| 5690 | 17242926 | Results showed that vaccination with GFT cells resulted in increased serum antibody to a PAIII cell lysate; reduced weight of the prostate/seminal vesicle complex and reduced incidence of prostate cancer in nude mice; increased splenocyte supernatant levels of TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-12, cytokines associated with Th1 immunity; and increased splenocyte supernatant levels of IL-4 and IL-10, cytokines associated with Th2 immunity. |
| 5691 | 17250802 | Mice immunized with M720(+CpG) developed the highest HCVcp-specific titers of total IgG, IgG1, 2a, 2b, and that of IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokines compared to all other groups. |
| 5692 | 17250802 | Hence, HCVcp formulated in M720 (with a synergistic effect by inclusion of CpG) could induce balanced and strong Th1/Th2 responses with long-lived CD4(-)CD8(+) CTLs. |
| 5693 | 17257077 | The mature human DCs generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-4, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha have widely contributed to their growing use in cancer vaccination trials. |
| 5694 | 17257077 | Our data show that mature DCs can be generated from PBMCs in both Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium plus 10% FCS and serum-free AIM-V medium containing GM-CSF (100 ng/mL), IL-4 (100 ng/mL), and TNF-alpha (10 ng/mL). |
| 5695 | 17257077 | The mature human DCs generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-4, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha have widely contributed to their growing use in cancer vaccination trials. |
| 5696 | 17257077 | Our data show that mature DCs can be generated from PBMCs in both Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium plus 10% FCS and serum-free AIM-V medium containing GM-CSF (100 ng/mL), IL-4 (100 ng/mL), and TNF-alpha (10 ng/mL). |
| 5697 | 17258500 | Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from malaria-exposed immune adults (IA), malaria patients with varying severity, and malaria unexposed healthy donors were stimulated with recombinant exon2 protein and six synthetic peptides from its sequence to estimate the proliferative, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 responses. |
| 5698 | 17258500 | Positive proliferative, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 responses in IA group each were 60% with recombinant exon2 protein and 27-47% with different synthetic peptides. |
| 5699 | 17258500 | In malaria patients, frequency and magnitude of proliferative response, IL-4 concentration, and antibody recognition were far less than immune adults but IFN-gamma response was almost similar. |
| 5700 | 17258500 | Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from malaria-exposed immune adults (IA), malaria patients with varying severity, and malaria unexposed healthy donors were stimulated with recombinant exon2 protein and six synthetic peptides from its sequence to estimate the proliferative, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 responses. |
| 5701 | 17258500 | Positive proliferative, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 responses in IA group each were 60% with recombinant exon2 protein and 27-47% with different synthetic peptides. |
| 5702 | 17258500 | In malaria patients, frequency and magnitude of proliferative response, IL-4 concentration, and antibody recognition were far less than immune adults but IFN-gamma response was almost similar. |
| 5703 | 17258500 | Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from malaria-exposed immune adults (IA), malaria patients with varying severity, and malaria unexposed healthy donors were stimulated with recombinant exon2 protein and six synthetic peptides from its sequence to estimate the proliferative, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 responses. |
| 5704 | 17258500 | Positive proliferative, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 responses in IA group each were 60% with recombinant exon2 protein and 27-47% with different synthetic peptides. |
| 5705 | 17258500 | In malaria patients, frequency and magnitude of proliferative response, IL-4 concentration, and antibody recognition were far less than immune adults but IFN-gamma response was almost similar. |
| 5706 | 17258887 | With immunotherapy concentrations of both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) detectably elevated in patients' sera, suggesting intensification of T helper 1-/T helper 2-mediated responses in the XPV-treated patients. |
| 5707 | 17270319 | Enhanced production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma by CD4+ T cells indicated the participation of Th2- and Th1-type cells. |
| 5708 | 17273752 | Levels of 22 cytokines consisting of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, -1beta, -2, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -10, -12, -13, -15, -17, IFN-gamma, G-CSF, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IP-10, MIP-1alpha, RANTES, eotaxin and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were assessed. |
| 5709 | 17273752 | MCP-1, eotaxin, RANTES and GM-CSF levels were significantly elevated in BCa (P<0.009) and IL-1alpha and IL-4 levels were significantly decreased in BCa (P<0.015). |
| 5710 | 17273752 | Cytokine levels were generally elevated in NN patients compared to NP patients with the exception of eotaxin and IL-13, which were increased in NP patients. |
| 5711 | 17273752 | Three cytokines, IL-6, MIP-1alpha and G-CSF reached statistical significance (P<0.05). |
| 5712 | 17273752 | In 34 vaccinated BCa, MCP-1, eotaxin and IL-13 were significantly elevated post-vaccination with MCP-1 demonstrating the most significant response (median, 145.8-217.0 pg/ml, P=0.003). |
| 5713 | 17274665 | When beads were used as antigen carriers, bead size influenced antibody responses and induction of IFN-gamma-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 5714 | 17274665 | Herein, we examine immunity induced by minute differences in nanobead size, specifically within a narrow viral-sized range (20, 40, 49, 67, 93, 101, and 123 nm), to see if bead carrier size influenced the induction of type 1 or type 2 cells as demonstrated by the production of IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 5715 | 17274665 | After one immunization with beads-OVA, IFN-gamma responses to both OVA and SIINFEKL were significantly better with 40 and 49 nm beads than other sizes, while, in contrast, IL-4 responses to OVA were higher after immunization with OVA conjugated to larger beads (93, 101, and 123 nm). |
| 5716 | 17274665 | Thus IFN-gamma induction from CD8 T cells was limited to 40-49 nm beads, while CD4 T cell activation and IL-4 were induced by 93-123 nm beads-OVA. |
| 5717 | 17274665 | After two immunizations, there were comparable high levels of IFN-gamma produced with 40 and 49 beads and IL-4 reactivity was still higher for larger beads (93, 101, 123 nm). |
| 5718 | 17274665 | Since protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) depends on strong IFN responses, while IL-4 responses are reported to cause asthma-like symptoms, immunization with RSV antigens on the 49 nm carrier beads could provide the basis for a suitable vaccine. |
| 5719 | 17274665 | When the 49 nm beads were conjugated to RSV proteins G88 (surface) or M2.1 (internal capsid), one immunization with G88 induced high levels of IFN-gamma and low levels of IL-4. |
| 5720 | 17274665 | When beads were used as antigen carriers, bead size influenced antibody responses and induction of IFN-gamma-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 5721 | 17274665 | Herein, we examine immunity induced by minute differences in nanobead size, specifically within a narrow viral-sized range (20, 40, 49, 67, 93, 101, and 123 nm), to see if bead carrier size influenced the induction of type 1 or type 2 cells as demonstrated by the production of IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 5722 | 17274665 | After one immunization with beads-OVA, IFN-gamma responses to both OVA and SIINFEKL were significantly better with 40 and 49 nm beads than other sizes, while, in contrast, IL-4 responses to OVA were higher after immunization with OVA conjugated to larger beads (93, 101, and 123 nm). |
| 5723 | 17274665 | Thus IFN-gamma induction from CD8 T cells was limited to 40-49 nm beads, while CD4 T cell activation and IL-4 were induced by 93-123 nm beads-OVA. |
| 5724 | 17274665 | After two immunizations, there were comparable high levels of IFN-gamma produced with 40 and 49 beads and IL-4 reactivity was still higher for larger beads (93, 101, 123 nm). |
| 5725 | 17274665 | Since protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) depends on strong IFN responses, while IL-4 responses are reported to cause asthma-like symptoms, immunization with RSV antigens on the 49 nm carrier beads could provide the basis for a suitable vaccine. |
| 5726 | 17274665 | When the 49 nm beads were conjugated to RSV proteins G88 (surface) or M2.1 (internal capsid), one immunization with G88 induced high levels of IFN-gamma and low levels of IL-4. |
| 5727 | 17274665 | When beads were used as antigen carriers, bead size influenced antibody responses and induction of IFN-gamma-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 5728 | 17274665 | Herein, we examine immunity induced by minute differences in nanobead size, specifically within a narrow viral-sized range (20, 40, 49, 67, 93, 101, and 123 nm), to see if bead carrier size influenced the induction of type 1 or type 2 cells as demonstrated by the production of IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 5729 | 17274665 | After one immunization with beads-OVA, IFN-gamma responses to both OVA and SIINFEKL were significantly better with 40 and 49 nm beads than other sizes, while, in contrast, IL-4 responses to OVA were higher after immunization with OVA conjugated to larger beads (93, 101, and 123 nm). |
| 5730 | 17274665 | Thus IFN-gamma induction from CD8 T cells was limited to 40-49 nm beads, while CD4 T cell activation and IL-4 were induced by 93-123 nm beads-OVA. |
| 5731 | 17274665 | After two immunizations, there were comparable high levels of IFN-gamma produced with 40 and 49 beads and IL-4 reactivity was still higher for larger beads (93, 101, 123 nm). |
| 5732 | 17274665 | Since protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) depends on strong IFN responses, while IL-4 responses are reported to cause asthma-like symptoms, immunization with RSV antigens on the 49 nm carrier beads could provide the basis for a suitable vaccine. |
| 5733 | 17274665 | When the 49 nm beads were conjugated to RSV proteins G88 (surface) or M2.1 (internal capsid), one immunization with G88 induced high levels of IFN-gamma and low levels of IL-4. |
| 5734 | 17274665 | When beads were used as antigen carriers, bead size influenced antibody responses and induction of IFN-gamma-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 5735 | 17274665 | Herein, we examine immunity induced by minute differences in nanobead size, specifically within a narrow viral-sized range (20, 40, 49, 67, 93, 101, and 123 nm), to see if bead carrier size influenced the induction of type 1 or type 2 cells as demonstrated by the production of IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 5736 | 17274665 | After one immunization with beads-OVA, IFN-gamma responses to both OVA and SIINFEKL were significantly better with 40 and 49 nm beads than other sizes, while, in contrast, IL-4 responses to OVA were higher after immunization with OVA conjugated to larger beads (93, 101, and 123 nm). |
| 5737 | 17274665 | Thus IFN-gamma induction from CD8 T cells was limited to 40-49 nm beads, while CD4 T cell activation and IL-4 were induced by 93-123 nm beads-OVA. |
| 5738 | 17274665 | After two immunizations, there were comparable high levels of IFN-gamma produced with 40 and 49 beads and IL-4 reactivity was still higher for larger beads (93, 101, 123 nm). |
| 5739 | 17274665 | Since protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) depends on strong IFN responses, while IL-4 responses are reported to cause asthma-like symptoms, immunization with RSV antigens on the 49 nm carrier beads could provide the basis for a suitable vaccine. |
| 5740 | 17274665 | When the 49 nm beads were conjugated to RSV proteins G88 (surface) or M2.1 (internal capsid), one immunization with G88 induced high levels of IFN-gamma and low levels of IL-4. |
| 5741 | 17274665 | When beads were used as antigen carriers, bead size influenced antibody responses and induction of IFN-gamma-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 5742 | 17274665 | Herein, we examine immunity induced by minute differences in nanobead size, specifically within a narrow viral-sized range (20, 40, 49, 67, 93, 101, and 123 nm), to see if bead carrier size influenced the induction of type 1 or type 2 cells as demonstrated by the production of IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 5743 | 17274665 | After one immunization with beads-OVA, IFN-gamma responses to both OVA and SIINFEKL were significantly better with 40 and 49 nm beads than other sizes, while, in contrast, IL-4 responses to OVA were higher after immunization with OVA conjugated to larger beads (93, 101, and 123 nm). |
| 5744 | 17274665 | Thus IFN-gamma induction from CD8 T cells was limited to 40-49 nm beads, while CD4 T cell activation and IL-4 were induced by 93-123 nm beads-OVA. |
| 5745 | 17274665 | After two immunizations, there were comparable high levels of IFN-gamma produced with 40 and 49 beads and IL-4 reactivity was still higher for larger beads (93, 101, 123 nm). |
| 5746 | 17274665 | Since protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) depends on strong IFN responses, while IL-4 responses are reported to cause asthma-like symptoms, immunization with RSV antigens on the 49 nm carrier beads could provide the basis for a suitable vaccine. |
| 5747 | 17274665 | When the 49 nm beads were conjugated to RSV proteins G88 (surface) or M2.1 (internal capsid), one immunization with G88 induced high levels of IFN-gamma and low levels of IL-4. |
| 5748 | 17274665 | When beads were used as antigen carriers, bead size influenced antibody responses and induction of IFN-gamma-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 5749 | 17274665 | Herein, we examine immunity induced by minute differences in nanobead size, specifically within a narrow viral-sized range (20, 40, 49, 67, 93, 101, and 123 nm), to see if bead carrier size influenced the induction of type 1 or type 2 cells as demonstrated by the production of IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 5750 | 17274665 | After one immunization with beads-OVA, IFN-gamma responses to both OVA and SIINFEKL were significantly better with 40 and 49 nm beads than other sizes, while, in contrast, IL-4 responses to OVA were higher after immunization with OVA conjugated to larger beads (93, 101, and 123 nm). |
| 5751 | 17274665 | Thus IFN-gamma induction from CD8 T cells was limited to 40-49 nm beads, while CD4 T cell activation and IL-4 were induced by 93-123 nm beads-OVA. |
| 5752 | 17274665 | After two immunizations, there were comparable high levels of IFN-gamma produced with 40 and 49 beads and IL-4 reactivity was still higher for larger beads (93, 101, 123 nm). |
| 5753 | 17274665 | Since protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) depends on strong IFN responses, while IL-4 responses are reported to cause asthma-like symptoms, immunization with RSV antigens on the 49 nm carrier beads could provide the basis for a suitable vaccine. |
| 5754 | 17274665 | When the 49 nm beads were conjugated to RSV proteins G88 (surface) or M2.1 (internal capsid), one immunization with G88 induced high levels of IFN-gamma and low levels of IL-4. |
| 5755 | 17275522 | DC were propagated from C3H (H2(k)) bone marrow (BM) using granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 5756 | 17275522 | Expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II was not affected, while CD40, CD80, and CD86 costimulatory molecules on DC were significantly inhibited by treatment with TGF-beta. |
| 5757 | 17275522 | This observation correlated with reduced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and increased IL-10 production. |
| 5758 | 17280751 | While all three iscom preparations induced N. caninum specific antibodies at similar levels, His6-SA-SRS2' coupled to biotinylated matrix generated the strongest cellular responses measured as in vitro proliferation and production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 after antigen stimulation of spleen cells. |
| 5759 | 17285277 | Leukemic cells were stimulated (or not) with CD40L and IL-4. |
| 5760 | 17285277 | Elements of the antigen-processing machinery (MB1, LMP2, LMP7, LMP10, TAP1, TAP2, calnexin, calreticulin, tapasin, ERp57, zeta, delta) were determined by real-time PCR technique. |
| 5761 | 17285277 | The expression of important costimulatory and adhesion molecules considered as DC markers (CD40, CD54, CD80, CD83, CD86) were determined at the mRNA (PCR) and protein (flow cytometry) levels. |
| 5762 | 17299718 | Immunosuppression during active tuberculosis is characterized by decreased interferon- gamma production and CD25 expression with elevated forkhead box P3, transforming growth factor- beta , and interleukin-4 mRNA levels. |
| 5763 | 17299718 | All 3 groups displayed BCG-induced increases in effector and regulatory T cell phenotypes as defined by CD4(+)CD25(lo) and CD4(+)CD25(hi) T cells, respectively. |
| 5764 | 17299718 | In case patients with active disease, BCG stimulation induced the lowest increase of CD25, CD4(+)CD25(hi), CTLA-4, and interferon- gamma . |
| 5765 | 17299718 | However, these case patients expressed the highest mRNA levels of forkhead box P3, transforming growth factor (TGF)- beta , and interleukin (IL)-4 and a lower T-bet : GATA-3 ratio. |
| 5766 | 17299718 | There were no significant differences in IL-4 delta 2, IL-10, or TGF- beta receptor-II mRNA expression between groups. |
| 5767 | 17299718 | Immunosuppression during active tuberculosis is characterized by decreased interferon- gamma production and CD25 expression with elevated forkhead box P3, transforming growth factor- beta , and interleukin-4 mRNA levels. |
| 5768 | 17299718 | All 3 groups displayed BCG-induced increases in effector and regulatory T cell phenotypes as defined by CD4(+)CD25(lo) and CD4(+)CD25(hi) T cells, respectively. |
| 5769 | 17299718 | In case patients with active disease, BCG stimulation induced the lowest increase of CD25, CD4(+)CD25(hi), CTLA-4, and interferon- gamma . |
| 5770 | 17299718 | However, these case patients expressed the highest mRNA levels of forkhead box P3, transforming growth factor (TGF)- beta , and interleukin (IL)-4 and a lower T-bet : GATA-3 ratio. |
| 5771 | 17299718 | There were no significant differences in IL-4 delta 2, IL-10, or TGF- beta receptor-II mRNA expression between groups. |
| 5772 | 17299718 | Immunosuppression during active tuberculosis is characterized by decreased interferon- gamma production and CD25 expression with elevated forkhead box P3, transforming growth factor- beta , and interleukin-4 mRNA levels. |
| 5773 | 17299718 | All 3 groups displayed BCG-induced increases in effector and regulatory T cell phenotypes as defined by CD4(+)CD25(lo) and CD4(+)CD25(hi) T cells, respectively. |
| 5774 | 17299718 | In case patients with active disease, BCG stimulation induced the lowest increase of CD25, CD4(+)CD25(hi), CTLA-4, and interferon- gamma . |
| 5775 | 17299718 | However, these case patients expressed the highest mRNA levels of forkhead box P3, transforming growth factor (TGF)- beta , and interleukin (IL)-4 and a lower T-bet : GATA-3 ratio. |
| 5776 | 17299718 | There were no significant differences in IL-4 delta 2, IL-10, or TGF- beta receptor-II mRNA expression between groups. |
| 5777 | 17301216 | Virulence of R. equi depends on the presence of a large plasmid, which encodes a family of seven virulence-associated proteins (VapA and VapC to VapH). |
| 5778 | 17301216 | VapA and VapC induced the strongest lymphoproliferative responses for foals and adult horses. |
| 5779 | 17301216 | The ratio of IFN-gamma to IL-4 was significantly higher for foals than for adult horses for most Vap proteins. |
| 5780 | 17301362 | ELISA assays were performed on supernatants for measurement of IL-4, INF-gamma and IL-5. |
| 5781 | 17306360 | These should be directed at the level of gene selection and delivery, in order to identify the optimal cytokine and achieve efficient and durable cytokine expression, and at the level of improving immune stimulation, i.e. by co-administration of co-stimulatory molecules including B7 and CD40, or boosting the expression of tumor antigens or MHC class I molecules. |
| 5782 | 17306360 | Interestingly, some of the cytokines which have shown encouraging anti-tumor activity, including IFNs, IL-4, IL-12 and TNF-alpha, are endowed with anti-angiogenic or vasculotoxic effects, which may significantly contribute to local tumor control. |
| 5783 | 17310492 | Importantly, pcDS2 plus these co-stimulatory molecules elicited a higher level of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in CD4(+) T cells and a higher level of IFN-gamma in CD8(+) T cells. |
| 5784 | 17310492 | In addition, a significantly robust antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and the production of long-term memory CD8(+) T cells were also observed in the groups immunized with pcDS2 plus 4-1BBL, OX40L, or CD70. |
| 5785 | 17310492 | Consistently, as late as 100 days after immunization, upregulated expressions of BCL-2, Spi2A, IL-7Ra, and IL-15Ra were still observed in mice immunized with pcDS2 plus these co-stimulatory molecules, suggesting the generation of memory T cells in these groups. |
| 5786 | 17311933 | It is noteworthy that in response to heat stress, mature DC produced higher levels of IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha, which are two cytokines involved in the stimulation of inflammatory reaction, whereas IL-10 production remained low. |
| 5787 | 17311933 | After heat-stress exposure, mature DC have the full ability to stimulate naive T cells with Th1 response polarization (high IFN-gamma and low IL-4 production) in an allogeneic MLR. |
| 5788 | 17321645 | IL-4 or IL-18 had little or no effect. |
| 5789 | 17325890 | Monocyte-derived DC cultured in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-4 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha expressed maturation markers, produced IL-12 and loaded apoptotic bodies to a similar extent to normal DC. |
| 5790 | 17325890 | Patients' circulating T and NK lymphocytes were normally represented and, after stimulation, were capable of producing TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma to a similar extent to control lymphocytes. |
| 5791 | 17335944 | ELISA analysis revealed there were predominant production of IFNgamma and IL-2 cytokines as compared to IL-4, and IL-10 productions in DS-treated mice. |
| 5792 | 17335944 | Our studies show that DS protects mice against disseminated candidiasis by the CD4+ Th1 immune response. |
| 5793 | 17346135 | To determine whether our vaccine strategy induced Th1 or Th2 immune responses, IFN-gamma and IL-4/IL-5 were measured. |
| 5794 | 17346135 | Intracellular IFN-gamma staining confirmed the ELISPOT results and demonstrated that the combined HIV/HCV group had significantly higher percentages of HIV and HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in comparison to the groups receiving the HIV or HCV vaccines. |
| 5795 | 17346436 | For all 26 patients blood samples were drawn just before (T0) and after 3 months of PMBL treatment (T3) to evaluate plasma IgE levels (total and allergen-specific) and the cytokine production involved in the allergic response (IL-4, IFN-gamma). |
| 5796 | 17360887 | This protection corresponded to significant increases in gamma interferon and low production of interleukin-4 (IL-4) IL-4 or IL-10, which suggested an enhanced type 1 response. |
| 5797 | 17374885 | Immunization with Rv1818c DNA induced a strong CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocyte and Th1-type response, with high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and low levels of interleukin-4. |
| 5798 | 17374885 | Two nonameric peptides (Peptide(6-14) and Peptide(385-393)) from Rv1818c were identified by their ability to induce the production of IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells in mice immunized with Rv1818c DNA. |
| 5799 | 17375074 | We programmed mouse bone marrow (BM) cells with lentiviral vectors (LV-GI4) so that they produced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in an autonomous manner. |
| 5800 | 17375074 | The immunostimulatory efficacy of DC/LV-GI4 cells was evaluated using MART1 and TRP2 as co-expressed melanoma antigens. |
| 5801 | 17378240 | CD40L and IL-4 stimulation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells results in upregulation of mRNA level of FLICE--an important component of apoptosis. |
| 5802 | 17378240 | Since it is still unclear whether CD40 ligation drives neoplastic B-cells to apoptosis or not, we assessed the mRNA expression of FLICE, FAS, FADD and TRADD - important components of apoptosis machinery, using real-time PCR in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells before and after CD40 and IL-4 stimulation. |
| 5803 | 17378240 | ALL cells stimulated with CD40L/IL-4 expressed dendritic cell phenotype at mRNA and protein levels (upregulation of main costimulatory and adhesion molecules noted in real-time RT PCR and flow cytometry); they also expressed higher amounts of mRNA for FLICE, TRADD and FADD after CD40L/IL-4 stimulation. |
| 5804 | 17378240 | However differences statistically significant comparing cells cultured with CD40L/IL-4 and medium alone regarded only FLICE. |
| 5805 | 17378240 | CD40L and IL-4 stimulation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells results in upregulation of mRNA level of FLICE--an important component of apoptosis. |
| 5806 | 17378240 | Since it is still unclear whether CD40 ligation drives neoplastic B-cells to apoptosis or not, we assessed the mRNA expression of FLICE, FAS, FADD and TRADD - important components of apoptosis machinery, using real-time PCR in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells before and after CD40 and IL-4 stimulation. |
| 5807 | 17378240 | ALL cells stimulated with CD40L/IL-4 expressed dendritic cell phenotype at mRNA and protein levels (upregulation of main costimulatory and adhesion molecules noted in real-time RT PCR and flow cytometry); they also expressed higher amounts of mRNA for FLICE, TRADD and FADD after CD40L/IL-4 stimulation. |
| 5808 | 17378240 | However differences statistically significant comparing cells cultured with CD40L/IL-4 and medium alone regarded only FLICE. |
| 5809 | 17378240 | CD40L and IL-4 stimulation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells results in upregulation of mRNA level of FLICE--an important component of apoptosis. |
| 5810 | 17378240 | Since it is still unclear whether CD40 ligation drives neoplastic B-cells to apoptosis or not, we assessed the mRNA expression of FLICE, FAS, FADD and TRADD - important components of apoptosis machinery, using real-time PCR in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells before and after CD40 and IL-4 stimulation. |
| 5811 | 17378240 | ALL cells stimulated with CD40L/IL-4 expressed dendritic cell phenotype at mRNA and protein levels (upregulation of main costimulatory and adhesion molecules noted in real-time RT PCR and flow cytometry); they also expressed higher amounts of mRNA for FLICE, TRADD and FADD after CD40L/IL-4 stimulation. |
| 5812 | 17378240 | However differences statistically significant comparing cells cultured with CD40L/IL-4 and medium alone regarded only FLICE. |
| 5813 | 17378240 | CD40L and IL-4 stimulation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells results in upregulation of mRNA level of FLICE--an important component of apoptosis. |
| 5814 | 17378240 | Since it is still unclear whether CD40 ligation drives neoplastic B-cells to apoptosis or not, we assessed the mRNA expression of FLICE, FAS, FADD and TRADD - important components of apoptosis machinery, using real-time PCR in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells before and after CD40 and IL-4 stimulation. |
| 5815 | 17378240 | ALL cells stimulated with CD40L/IL-4 expressed dendritic cell phenotype at mRNA and protein levels (upregulation of main costimulatory and adhesion molecules noted in real-time RT PCR and flow cytometry); they also expressed higher amounts of mRNA for FLICE, TRADD and FADD after CD40L/IL-4 stimulation. |
| 5816 | 17378240 | However differences statistically significant comparing cells cultured with CD40L/IL-4 and medium alone regarded only FLICE. |
| 5817 | 17385694 | In the present study, DCs were generated from woodchuck peripheral blood mononuclear cells (wDCs) in the presence of human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) and human interleukin 4 (hIL-4). |
| 5818 | 17386022 | Furthermore, the modified VLP displayed a significantly stronger immunogenicity than other five recombinant proteins and GST-BTB with a higher titer of peptide-specific and virus-specific antibody, elevated IFN-gamma and interleukin-4 production, especially enhanced lymphocyte proliferation. |
| 5819 | 17397893 | The association between HLA homozygosity and measles-specific Th(1) (IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12p40) and Th(2) (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine responses were assessed in a group of 339 healthy schoolchildren 12-18 years of age previously immunized with two doses of live-attenuated measles virus vaccine. |
| 5820 | 17409222 | Clearance of R. equi depends mainly on gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by T lymphocytes, whereas the predominance of interleukin 4 (IL-4) is detrimental. |
| 5821 | 17409222 | Infected foals had significantly lower IL-4 mRNA expression but significantly higher IFN-gamma expression and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio in R. equi-stimulated BLN lymphocytes than did infected adults. |
| 5822 | 17409222 | This study demonstrates that the immune response to R. equi in foals is not biased toward IL-4 and is characterized by the predominant induction of IFN-gamma. |
| 5823 | 17409222 | Clearance of R. equi depends mainly on gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by T lymphocytes, whereas the predominance of interleukin 4 (IL-4) is detrimental. |
| 5824 | 17409222 | Infected foals had significantly lower IL-4 mRNA expression but significantly higher IFN-gamma expression and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio in R. equi-stimulated BLN lymphocytes than did infected adults. |
| 5825 | 17409222 | This study demonstrates that the immune response to R. equi in foals is not biased toward IL-4 and is characterized by the predominant induction of IFN-gamma. |
| 5826 | 17409222 | Clearance of R. equi depends mainly on gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by T lymphocytes, whereas the predominance of interleukin 4 (IL-4) is detrimental. |
| 5827 | 17409222 | Infected foals had significantly lower IL-4 mRNA expression but significantly higher IFN-gamma expression and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio in R. equi-stimulated BLN lymphocytes than did infected adults. |
| 5828 | 17409222 | This study demonstrates that the immune response to R. equi in foals is not biased toward IL-4 and is characterized by the predominant induction of IFN-gamma. |
| 5829 | 17410612 | Recombinant bacteria carrying eukaryotic expression vectors encoding the murine IL-4 or IL-18 genes were administered to groups of mice with established subcutaneous melanoma tumors. |
| 5830 | 17412629 | Immunoprotection led to reversal of DTH anergy, increased levels of antibodies and pulmonary IL-12, IL-2 and IL-4 indicating a balanced type 1/type 2 response. |
| 5831 | 17412629 | Depletion experiments showed that immunoprotection required the cooperative action of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in association with IFN-gamma and IL-12. |
| 5832 | 17430546 | In response to in vitro stimulation with SLA, spleen cells from mice that had received oligomannose-coated liposomes encasing SLA (SLA-OML) displayed greater interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 production and lower IL-4 and IL-5 production than spleen cells from mice that had received SLA alone, indicating that the SLA-specific Th1 immune response had predominantly been induced in the mice that had received SLA-OML. |
| 5833 | 17442307 | Analysis of the protective immune responses showed that the protein immunization promoted a Th2-biased response with an increase in IL-4, IL-5 and IgG1 responses, whereas, the DNA vaccine promoted a Th1-biased response with profound IFN-gamma and IgG2a responses. |
| 5834 | 17451293 | Thus, Th l type cells produce IL-2 and IFN y, whereas Th 2 cells produce IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 5835 | 17451465 | Mice were immunized with recombinant NS3 protein (rNS3) and poly (I:C) emulsified in Montanide ISA 720 (M720). |
| 5836 | 17451465 | Cytokine production was assayed by enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and CD4(+) IFN-gamma(+) T helper (Th) cells or CD8(+) IFN-gamma(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry. |
| 5837 | 17451465 | The cytokine profiles showed that this formulation induced a Th1-biased immune response with several-fold more interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing cells than interleukin-4-producing cells. |
| 5838 | 17451465 | The frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells induced by rNS3 in poly (I:C) and M720 was significantly higher than that induced by rNS3, rNS3 in M720, or rNS3 in poly (I:C), and was comparable to that induced by rNS3 in CpG-ODN with M720. |
| 5839 | 17451739 | Here we describe extensive studies to optimize and quantitatively validate the 8-color ICS assay for use in clinical trials of candidate vaccines, which includes measurement of viable IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha and IL-4 producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 5840 | 17464770 | The frequency of IFN-gamma and IL-2 expressing CD4(+)/CD8(+)T-cell subsets was significantly higher with a concomitant reduction in IL-4 and IL-10 expression in the vaccine-treated group (p<0.0001) compared with the untreated controls. |
| 5841 | 17466906 | The adjuvant effect of beta-glu6 was evident in the increase of T and B cell activation in response to HBsAg, as judged by the percentage of CD69-positive CD4(+) and CD19(+) lymphocytes in the spleen. beta-glu6 could significantly enhance the number of IL-4-producing cells in response to HBsAg, while it had no effect on the number of IFN-gamma-producing lymphocytes, suggesting a Th2 bias of the immune response. |
| 5842 | 17485153 | Both aluminum-containing adjuvants significantly increased the expression of CD86 on DCs but only aluminum hydroxide adjuvant also induced moderate expression of CD80. |
| 5843 | 17485153 | Aluminum-containing adjuvants stimulated the release of IL-1beta and IL-18 from DCs via caspase-1 activation. |
| 5844 | 17485153 | In contrast, DCs incubated with aluminum/OVA activated CD4(+) T cells to secrete IL-4 and IL-5 as well as IFN-gamma. |
| 5845 | 17485153 | Addition of neutralizing anti-IL-1beta antibodies decreased IL-5 production and addition of anti-IL-18 antibodies decreased both IL-4 and IL-5 production. |
| 5846 | 17485153 | Inhibition of IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion by DCs via inhibition of caspase-1 also led to a marked decrease of IL-4 and IL-5 by CD4(+) T cells. |
| 5847 | 17485153 | These results indicate that aluminum-containing adjuvants activate DCs and influence their ability to direct T(H)1 and T(H)2 responses through the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18. |
| 5848 | 17485153 | Both aluminum-containing adjuvants significantly increased the expression of CD86 on DCs but only aluminum hydroxide adjuvant also induced moderate expression of CD80. |
| 5849 | 17485153 | Aluminum-containing adjuvants stimulated the release of IL-1beta and IL-18 from DCs via caspase-1 activation. |
| 5850 | 17485153 | In contrast, DCs incubated with aluminum/OVA activated CD4(+) T cells to secrete IL-4 and IL-5 as well as IFN-gamma. |
| 5851 | 17485153 | Addition of neutralizing anti-IL-1beta antibodies decreased IL-5 production and addition of anti-IL-18 antibodies decreased both IL-4 and IL-5 production. |
| 5852 | 17485153 | Inhibition of IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion by DCs via inhibition of caspase-1 also led to a marked decrease of IL-4 and IL-5 by CD4(+) T cells. |
| 5853 | 17485153 | These results indicate that aluminum-containing adjuvants activate DCs and influence their ability to direct T(H)1 and T(H)2 responses through the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18. |
| 5854 | 17485153 | Both aluminum-containing adjuvants significantly increased the expression of CD86 on DCs but only aluminum hydroxide adjuvant also induced moderate expression of CD80. |
| 5855 | 17485153 | Aluminum-containing adjuvants stimulated the release of IL-1beta and IL-18 from DCs via caspase-1 activation. |
| 5856 | 17485153 | In contrast, DCs incubated with aluminum/OVA activated CD4(+) T cells to secrete IL-4 and IL-5 as well as IFN-gamma. |
| 5857 | 17485153 | Addition of neutralizing anti-IL-1beta antibodies decreased IL-5 production and addition of anti-IL-18 antibodies decreased both IL-4 and IL-5 production. |
| 5858 | 17485153 | Inhibition of IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion by DCs via inhibition of caspase-1 also led to a marked decrease of IL-4 and IL-5 by CD4(+) T cells. |
| 5859 | 17485153 | These results indicate that aluminum-containing adjuvants activate DCs and influence their ability to direct T(H)1 and T(H)2 responses through the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18. |
| 5860 | 17485322 | The therapeutic efficacy of the DC vaccine was associated with increased tumor-specific IFN-g and IL-4 T-cell responses and cytolytic activity of splenic T cells. |
| 5861 | 17485453 | In the absence of CD154, administration of interleukin-12 restores Th1 responses but not protective immunity to Schistosoma mansoni. |
| 5862 | 17485453 | Here we demonstrate the importance of CD40/CD154 in vaccine-induced immunity, as CD154(-/-) mice exposed to RA schistosomes develop no protection to challenge infection. |
| 5863 | 17485453 | We showed that vaccinated CD154(-/-) mice have defective Th1-associated immune responses in the skin-draining lymph nodes and the lungs, with reduced or absent levels of interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), gamma interferon, and nitric oxide, but elevated levels of lung IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 5864 | 17485453 | On the other hand, the administration of recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) to CD154(-/-) mice shortly after vaccination caused elevated and sustained levels of Th1-associated cytokines, rescued MHC-II expression by lung CD11c(+) cells, and restored the appearance of inflammatory effector foci in the lungs. |
| 5865 | 17494641 | Vaccination with either LPS analog resulted in reduced lung eosinophilia, reduced eosinophil numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the ex vivo production of interleukin-4 (IL-4) by bronchial lymph node cells and IL-5 by spleen cells, suggesting reduced type I hypersensitivity. |
| 5866 | 17497212 | As a result, although the plasmid encoding only VP1 could elicit virus-binding antibody detected by ELISA, splenocyte proliferation, IL-4 and IFN-gamma production, the levels were significantly less than C3d/M28-VP1 fusion. |
| 5867 | 17498814 | Blood samples of probiotic-treated piglets showed a significantly lower frequency of CD8(high)/CD3+ T cells and CD8(low)/CD3+ T cells and a significant higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio. |
| 5868 | 17498814 | IL-4 and IFN-gamma production of polyclonally stimulated PBMCs was on average higher in the probiotic group. |
| 5869 | 17498851 | The effect was determined in the form of protective anti-HBsAg titers, neutralizing antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a), spleen cell lymphocyte proliferation by using MTT assay, Th1 (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines as well as T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4/CD8) and intracellular cytokines (IFN-gamma/IL-4), these responses were highest in BOS 2000 immunized mice. |
| 5870 | 17498851 | In contrast, BOS 2000 was associated with production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 5871 | 17498851 | The effect was determined in the form of protective anti-HBsAg titers, neutralizing antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a), spleen cell lymphocyte proliferation by using MTT assay, Th1 (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines as well as T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4/CD8) and intracellular cytokines (IFN-gamma/IL-4), these responses were highest in BOS 2000 immunized mice. |
| 5872 | 17498851 | In contrast, BOS 2000 was associated with production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 5873 | 17504117 | The presence of a background mixed IFN-gamma and Th2 response to mycobacterial antigens before infection with M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and the development of a large IL-4 response during progressive TB, are characteristics of individuals in the locations where BCG fails, which are also seen in animal models in the same countries. |
| 5874 | 17504117 | We outline how IL-4 (and IL-13) can undermine Th1-mediated immunity and drive inappropriate alternative activation of macrophages. |
| 5875 | 17504117 | The mechanisms of the effects of IL-4 include impaired antimicrobial activity due to reduced TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis of infected cells, reduced activity of iNOS, increased availability of iron to intracellular Mtb, and increased proliferation of antigen-specific FOXP-3+ regulatory T cells. |
| 5876 | 17504117 | IL-4 also increases the toxicity of TNF-alpha and drives pulmonary fibrosis, thus enhancing immunopathology. |
| 5877 | 17504117 | The presence of a background mixed IFN-gamma and Th2 response to mycobacterial antigens before infection with M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and the development of a large IL-4 response during progressive TB, are characteristics of individuals in the locations where BCG fails, which are also seen in animal models in the same countries. |
| 5878 | 17504117 | We outline how IL-4 (and IL-13) can undermine Th1-mediated immunity and drive inappropriate alternative activation of macrophages. |
| 5879 | 17504117 | The mechanisms of the effects of IL-4 include impaired antimicrobial activity due to reduced TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis of infected cells, reduced activity of iNOS, increased availability of iron to intracellular Mtb, and increased proliferation of antigen-specific FOXP-3+ regulatory T cells. |
| 5880 | 17504117 | IL-4 also increases the toxicity of TNF-alpha and drives pulmonary fibrosis, thus enhancing immunopathology. |
| 5881 | 17504117 | The presence of a background mixed IFN-gamma and Th2 response to mycobacterial antigens before infection with M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and the development of a large IL-4 response during progressive TB, are characteristics of individuals in the locations where BCG fails, which are also seen in animal models in the same countries. |
| 5882 | 17504117 | We outline how IL-4 (and IL-13) can undermine Th1-mediated immunity and drive inappropriate alternative activation of macrophages. |
| 5883 | 17504117 | The mechanisms of the effects of IL-4 include impaired antimicrobial activity due to reduced TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis of infected cells, reduced activity of iNOS, increased availability of iron to intracellular Mtb, and increased proliferation of antigen-specific FOXP-3+ regulatory T cells. |
| 5884 | 17504117 | IL-4 also increases the toxicity of TNF-alpha and drives pulmonary fibrosis, thus enhancing immunopathology. |
| 5885 | 17504117 | The presence of a background mixed IFN-gamma and Th2 response to mycobacterial antigens before infection with M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and the development of a large IL-4 response during progressive TB, are characteristics of individuals in the locations where BCG fails, which are also seen in animal models in the same countries. |
| 5886 | 17504117 | We outline how IL-4 (and IL-13) can undermine Th1-mediated immunity and drive inappropriate alternative activation of macrophages. |
| 5887 | 17504117 | The mechanisms of the effects of IL-4 include impaired antimicrobial activity due to reduced TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis of infected cells, reduced activity of iNOS, increased availability of iron to intracellular Mtb, and increased proliferation of antigen-specific FOXP-3+ regulatory T cells. |
| 5888 | 17504117 | IL-4 also increases the toxicity of TNF-alpha and drives pulmonary fibrosis, thus enhancing immunopathology. |
| 5889 | 17532057 | Human peripheral blood CD14(+) monocytes were purified by using a magnetic separation column and cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 to differentiate into immature DCs (iDCs). |
| 5890 | 17532057 | In the presence of Talpha1, iDC surface markers CD40, CD80, MHC class I and class II molecules were significantly upregulated as measured by flow cytemotry analysis. |
| 5891 | 17532057 | Thus, Talpha1 significantly enhances DC differentiation, activation, and functions from human peripheral blood CD14(+) monocytes possibly through a mechanism of the activation of p38 MAPK and NFkappaB pathways. |
| 5892 | 17543425 | Animals were sacrificed on days 4, 7, and 10 post-challenge and lungs were removed for viral quantitation, histopathology, and cytokine mRNA expression analysis (interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)). |
| 5893 | 17548134 | CD4(+) T-cell responses were also elicited as shown by the enhancement of T-cell proliferation, IFN-gamma and IL-4 level. |
| 5894 | 17548173 | Both fusion protein-induced Th1-like cytokine (IFN-gamma) and Th2-like cytokine (IL-4) were identified. |
| 5895 | 17563737 | PBMC were collected at 6, 9 and 15 months after transplantation and stimulated with a combination of CD2 and CD28 monoclonal antibodies, with PHA or with tetanus toxoid as recall antigen. |
| 5896 | 17563737 | A multiplex enzyme linked immunoassay was used to determine levels of Th1 cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, the regulatory cytokine IL-10 and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and the chemokine IL-8. |
| 5897 | 17563737 | Production of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 was superior to production of Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 5898 | 17570105 | This pathway involves enhanced induction of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and down-regulation of interleukin-4 and transforming growth factor- beta , leading to further enhancement of the activity of CD8(+) CTLs and of other microbicidal pathways. |
| 5899 | 17570108 | Fever after smallpox vaccination is associated with specific haplotypes in the interleukin (IL)-1 gene complex and in the IL18 gene. |
| 5900 | 17570108 | Our results indicate that certain haplotypes in the IL-1 gene complex and in IL18 and IL4 predict an altered likelihood of the development of fever after smallpox vaccination. |
| 5901 | 17575264 | A single i.d. injection of a plasmid (10 microg) containing the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg), followed by pulses of laser, induced high titers of HBsAg-specific antibodies lasting for >210 days and increased levels of IgG1, IgG2a, IFNgamma, and IL-4, indicating the activation of both Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 5902 | 17579028 | A key role for Itk in both IFN gamma and IL-4 production by NKT cells. |
| 5903 | 17579028 | The tyrosine kinase Itk is activated downstream of the TCR, and its absence in CD4(+) T cells results in impaired Th2, but not Th1 responses. |
| 5904 | 17579028 | In this study, we investigated NKT cell function in the absence of Itk as impaired type 2 responses in vivo could be manifest through IL-4 defects in a number of cell types. |
| 5905 | 17579028 | We show that Itk-deficient NKT cells up-regulate IL-4 mRNA in the thymus and express constitutive IL-4 and IFN-gamma transcripts in peripheral organs. |
| 5906 | 17579028 | Strikingly, unlike conventional CD4(+) T cells, Itk-deficient NKT cells also have profound defects in IFN-gamma production. |
| 5907 | 17579028 | Furthermore, both IL-4 and IFN-gamma production were markedly impaired following in vivo challenge with alpha-galactosyl ceramide. |
| 5908 | 17579028 | These results suggest that NKT cells are highly dependent on Itk for IL-4- and IFN-gamma-mediated effector function. |
| 5909 | 17579028 | A key role for Itk in both IFN gamma and IL-4 production by NKT cells. |
| 5910 | 17579028 | The tyrosine kinase Itk is activated downstream of the TCR, and its absence in CD4(+) T cells results in impaired Th2, but not Th1 responses. |
| 5911 | 17579028 | In this study, we investigated NKT cell function in the absence of Itk as impaired type 2 responses in vivo could be manifest through IL-4 defects in a number of cell types. |
| 5912 | 17579028 | We show that Itk-deficient NKT cells up-regulate IL-4 mRNA in the thymus and express constitutive IL-4 and IFN-gamma transcripts in peripheral organs. |
| 5913 | 17579028 | Strikingly, unlike conventional CD4(+) T cells, Itk-deficient NKT cells also have profound defects in IFN-gamma production. |
| 5914 | 17579028 | Furthermore, both IL-4 and IFN-gamma production were markedly impaired following in vivo challenge with alpha-galactosyl ceramide. |
| 5915 | 17579028 | These results suggest that NKT cells are highly dependent on Itk for IL-4- and IFN-gamma-mediated effector function. |
| 5916 | 17579028 | A key role for Itk in both IFN gamma and IL-4 production by NKT cells. |
| 5917 | 17579028 | The tyrosine kinase Itk is activated downstream of the TCR, and its absence in CD4(+) T cells results in impaired Th2, but not Th1 responses. |
| 5918 | 17579028 | In this study, we investigated NKT cell function in the absence of Itk as impaired type 2 responses in vivo could be manifest through IL-4 defects in a number of cell types. |
| 5919 | 17579028 | We show that Itk-deficient NKT cells up-regulate IL-4 mRNA in the thymus and express constitutive IL-4 and IFN-gamma transcripts in peripheral organs. |
| 5920 | 17579028 | Strikingly, unlike conventional CD4(+) T cells, Itk-deficient NKT cells also have profound defects in IFN-gamma production. |
| 5921 | 17579028 | Furthermore, both IL-4 and IFN-gamma production were markedly impaired following in vivo challenge with alpha-galactosyl ceramide. |
| 5922 | 17579028 | These results suggest that NKT cells are highly dependent on Itk for IL-4- and IFN-gamma-mediated effector function. |
| 5923 | 17579028 | A key role for Itk in both IFN gamma and IL-4 production by NKT cells. |
| 5924 | 17579028 | The tyrosine kinase Itk is activated downstream of the TCR, and its absence in CD4(+) T cells results in impaired Th2, but not Th1 responses. |
| 5925 | 17579028 | In this study, we investigated NKT cell function in the absence of Itk as impaired type 2 responses in vivo could be manifest through IL-4 defects in a number of cell types. |
| 5926 | 17579028 | We show that Itk-deficient NKT cells up-regulate IL-4 mRNA in the thymus and express constitutive IL-4 and IFN-gamma transcripts in peripheral organs. |
| 5927 | 17579028 | Strikingly, unlike conventional CD4(+) T cells, Itk-deficient NKT cells also have profound defects in IFN-gamma production. |
| 5928 | 17579028 | Furthermore, both IL-4 and IFN-gamma production were markedly impaired following in vivo challenge with alpha-galactosyl ceramide. |
| 5929 | 17579028 | These results suggest that NKT cells are highly dependent on Itk for IL-4- and IFN-gamma-mediated effector function. |
| 5930 | 17579028 | A key role for Itk in both IFN gamma and IL-4 production by NKT cells. |
| 5931 | 17579028 | The tyrosine kinase Itk is activated downstream of the TCR, and its absence in CD4(+) T cells results in impaired Th2, but not Th1 responses. |
| 5932 | 17579028 | In this study, we investigated NKT cell function in the absence of Itk as impaired type 2 responses in vivo could be manifest through IL-4 defects in a number of cell types. |
| 5933 | 17579028 | We show that Itk-deficient NKT cells up-regulate IL-4 mRNA in the thymus and express constitutive IL-4 and IFN-gamma transcripts in peripheral organs. |
| 5934 | 17579028 | Strikingly, unlike conventional CD4(+) T cells, Itk-deficient NKT cells also have profound defects in IFN-gamma production. |
| 5935 | 17579028 | Furthermore, both IL-4 and IFN-gamma production were markedly impaired following in vivo challenge with alpha-galactosyl ceramide. |
| 5936 | 17579028 | These results suggest that NKT cells are highly dependent on Itk for IL-4- and IFN-gamma-mediated effector function. |
| 5937 | 17585683 | And they are adding cytokines such as granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor or interleukin 4 during dendritic cell growth or maturation or at the site of vaccination to try to boost response. |
| 5938 | 17587500 | The production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma, for example, resulting from exposure to many bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens is responsible for Th1-derived protective responses that also can inhibit development of Th2-cells expressing IL-4-dependent immunity to extracellular helminth parasites and vice versa. |
| 5939 | 17596432 | In vaccine recipients, incubation with L1 VLP in vitro led to a statistically significant increase in production of Th1 (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-2 [IL-2], gamma interferon; P < 0.0007) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13; P < 0.0017) cytokines and the chemokine IP-10 (P = 0.0021) at month 2 after immunization, compared to levels seen prior to vaccination. |
| 5940 | 17616706 | Further characterizing the expression of a panel of homing receptors on Tc1 and Tc2 cells, we found that very late antigen (VLA)-4 (a heterodimer of CD49d and CD29), but none of other receptors evaluated, was expressed at significantly higher levels on Tc1 cells than on Tc2 cells. |
| 5941 | 17616706 | Although CD49d (alpha(4) integrin) can form heterodimers with both beta(1) (CD29) and beta(7) integrins, alpha(4)beta(7) complexes were not expressed by either Tc1 or Tc2 cells, suggesting that CD49d is solely expressed in VLA-4 complexes. |
| 5942 | 17616706 | VLA-4 expression on Tc2 cells was down-regulated in an interleukin (IL)-4 dose-dependent manner but not by other type 2 cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-13, suggesting that IL-4 uniquely down-regulates VLA-4 expression on these cells. |
| 5943 | 17616706 | Finally, the efficient trafficking of Tc1 cells into intracranial M05 lesions in vivo was efficiently blocked by administration of monoclonal antibodies against CD49d or VCAM-1 or small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of CD49d on Tc1 cells. |
| 5944 | 17628695 | Expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and IL-4 by PBMC increased in response to infection, whereas, IL-10 expression decreased. |
| 5945 | 17628695 | Cells from animals in the high pathology group expressed more IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and IL-4 than did animals in the low pathology group at early time points. |
| 5946 | 17628695 | IFN-gamma and iNOS gene expression were significantly greater in tissues from infected animals compared to tissues from uninfected animals. |
| 5947 | 17628695 | Expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and IL-4 by PBMC increased in response to infection, whereas, IL-10 expression decreased. |
| 5948 | 17628695 | Cells from animals in the high pathology group expressed more IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and IL-4 than did animals in the low pathology group at early time points. |
| 5949 | 17628695 | IFN-gamma and iNOS gene expression were significantly greater in tissues from infected animals compared to tissues from uninfected animals. |
| 5950 | 17629370 | In contrast, the absence of endogenous IL-12/IL-23 or IL-4 had little impact on the magnitude of the antibody response but instead caused a dramatic change in the pattern of IgG isotypes. |
| 5951 | 17629370 | IFN-gamma was produced by NK, dendritic cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells stimulated in vitro with CpG ODN. |
| 5952 | 17629370 | Adoptive transfer experiments confirmed that CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were in fact relevant sources of IFN-gamma in vivo. |
| 5953 | 17629370 | Following CpG ODN injection, splenic dendritic cells from IFN-gamma deficient mice did not up-regulate CD86 or CD40 expression, suggesting a role for these molecules. |
| 5954 | 17629370 | The importance of CD28 (CD86 ligand) was confirmed using CD28 deficient mice which presented severely impaired immune responses following CpG ODN-assisted immunization. |
| 5955 | 17629372 | The mice immunized with Lip-rgp63-CpG ODN also showed the lowest spleen parasite burden, highest IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and IFN-gamma production and the lowest IL-4 production compared to the other groups. |
| 5956 | 17629376 | The Th(1) (TNF-alpha, IL-12p70, IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th(2) (IL-10, IL-4 and IL-5) cytokine profiles were analyzed after stimulation of spleen cells from mice immunized with purified RF-412 protein. |
| 5957 | 17641838 | Peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in vitro with GM-CSF, IL-4 for 6 days, then TNF-(the TNF-group) or TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, PGE2 (the cytokine mixture group) were added to promote maturation. |
| 5958 | 17641838 | Cell number was counted by hematology analyzer, and phenotype study (CD1a, CD14, CD83) was carried out by flow cytometry, and the function of DCs was examined by mixed lymphocyte reaction. |
| 5959 | 17641838 | The phenotypes were as follows: CD1a+ (74.65+/-4.45)%, CD83+ (39.50+/-4.16)%, CD14+ (2.90+/-1.76)% in TNF-alpha group, and CD1a+ (81.86+/-5.87)%, CD83+ (81.65+/-6.36)%, CD14+ (2.46+/-1.68)% in the cytokine mixture group. |
| 5960 | 17641838 | It was concluded that leucapheresis may be a feasible way to provide large number of peripheral blood monocytes for DC generation, and combined administration of TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, and PGE2 may greatly promote maturity. |
| 5961 | 17644455 | Immunization with either A2 (A2-pCDNA3) or NH (NH-VR1012) DNA induced an elevated IFN-gamma production before infection; however, only A2 DNA immunized mice were protected against both Leishmania species and displayed a sustained IFN-gamma production and very low IL-4 and IL-10 levels, after challenge. |
| 5962 | 17644455 | Mice immunized with NH/A2 DNA produced higher levels of IFN-gamma in response to both specific recombinant proteins (rNH or rA2), but displayed higher IL-4 and IL-10 levels and increased edema and parasite loads after L. amazonensis infection, as compared to A2 DNA immunized animals. |
| 5963 | 17644455 | Immunization with either A2 (A2-pCDNA3) or NH (NH-VR1012) DNA induced an elevated IFN-gamma production before infection; however, only A2 DNA immunized mice were protected against both Leishmania species and displayed a sustained IFN-gamma production and very low IL-4 and IL-10 levels, after challenge. |
| 5964 | 17644455 | Mice immunized with NH/A2 DNA produced higher levels of IFN-gamma in response to both specific recombinant proteins (rNH or rA2), but displayed higher IL-4 and IL-10 levels and increased edema and parasite loads after L. amazonensis infection, as compared to A2 DNA immunized animals. |
| 5965 | 17655984 | Production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 with a dominance of Th1 response following immunization was required for optimum success against L. donovani infection in BALB/c mice. |
| 5966 | 17655984 | The success of immunotherapy exhibited an immune modulation with surge in Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-12 with extreme down regulation of disease promoting IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 5967 | 17655984 | Production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 with a dominance of Th1 response following immunization was required for optimum success against L. donovani infection in BALB/c mice. |
| 5968 | 17655984 | The success of immunotherapy exhibited an immune modulation with surge in Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-12 with extreme down regulation of disease promoting IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 5969 | 17659370 | ITAC-recruited TILs exhibited 4T1-specific proliferation and cytotoxicity, and an increased IFN-gamma but decreased IL-4 production. |
| 5970 | 17678715 | Cytokine levels (IL-4, IL-10, IL-18 and IFN-gamma) were measured by ELISA in plasma and washes from the terminal small bowel 24h after oral challenge. |
| 5971 | 17678715 | Unlike the infection with the wild type strain, no IFN-gamma response and low IL-18 intestinal levels were found in pigs infected with the protease mutants. |
| 5972 | 17678715 | IFN-gamma and IL-18 response therefore did not correlate with the virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium. |
| 5973 | 17680799 | In addition, VLPs elicited cell-mediated immunity as demonstrated by enhanced interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production. |
| 5974 | 17681650 | The DNA-IL-12(+) group had stronger antigen-specific IFN-gamma ELISPOT activities and higher levels of antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses than either the DNA-IL-12(-) or positive control groups. |
| 5975 | 17681650 | In addition, its mean concentrations of IFN-gamma and IL-2 were about 2.5- to 4.5-fold higher than those observed in the DNA-IL-12(-)-treated mice, and were significantly higher than control groups (P<0.01 or P<0.001), whereas IL-4 and IL-10 secretion were lower. |
| 5976 | 17682721 | [CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte responses against malaria]. |
| 5977 | 17682721 | The development and maintenance of memory CD8+ T cell response are closely related to the CD4+ T cells together with interleukin (IL)-4, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-2. |
| 5978 | 17682721 | CD4+ T cells also play a triple role in the immune response to malaria parasites; by activating B cells to produce high level of antimalarial antibodies, by enhancing the induction of CD8+ T cell responses, and by inhibiting the development of liver stage parasites. |
| 5979 | 17682721 | Although it has been known much about CD8+ T and CD4+ T cell responses, cross-talking mechanisms of these cells, and other factors which contribute to this response during malaria so far, many questions also need to be answered in the future. |
| 5980 | 17682721 | In this review article, CD8+ T and CD4+ T cell responses to malaria infection have been discussed in the light of current literature. |
| 5981 | 17686554 | In addition, after in vitro stimulation with rSurA, spleen cells from rSurA-immunized mice produced interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 5982 | 17686554 | Spleen cells from mice immunized with rDnaK plus adjuvant secreted IFN-gamma and IL-2 upon stimulation with rDnaK and induced a specific cytotoxic response. |
| 5983 | 17700709 | These CD4(+)KJI-26(+) cells were only transiently activated and produced IL-10 and IL-4 and not IFN-gamma. |
| 5984 | 17707955 | The immune responses observed in the vaccinated animals showed that the production of IFNgamma and the absence of IL-4, accompanied by a strong humoral response, are insufficient to elicit protection against S. mansoni. |
| 5985 | 17725100 | For this purpose, eighteen patients with relapsed or refractory cancer were vaccinated with peripheral monocyte-derived DCs generated with GM-CSF and IL-4, and pulsed consequently with 100 microg/ml of tumor lysate before maturation in culture in the presence of IL-1beta, PGE2 and TNF alpha for two days. |
| 5986 | 17785828 | After priming with IFN-gamma and stimulation with NadADelta351-405, mo-DCs strongly up-regulated maturation markers CD83, CD86, CD80, and HLA-DR, secreted moderate quantities of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8, and produced a slight, although significant, amount of IL-12p70. |
| 5987 | 17785828 | Costimulation of mo-DCs with NadADelta351-405 and the imidoazoquinoline drug R-848, believed to mimic bacterial RNA, increased CD86 in an additive way, but strongly synergized the secretion of IL-12p70, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MIP-1alpha, especially after IFN-gamma priming. |
| 5988 | 17785828 | CD86/CD80 overexpression correlated with the occupation of high-(kd approximately 80 nM) and low-(kd approximately 4 muM) affinity binding sites for NadADelta351-405. |
| 5989 | 17785828 | Alternatively, secretion of IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 corresponded to the occupation of high- or low-affinity receptors, respectively. |
| 5990 | 17785828 | Mo-DCs matured by IFN-gamma and NadADelta351-405 supported the proliferation of naive CD4+ T lymphocytes, inducing the differentiation of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing phenotypes. |
| 5991 | 17850587 | Antigen (Ag)-presenting and co-stimulatory capacity of neonatal B-cells was evaluated by staining for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)II, CD80, CD86 and CD40. |
| 5992 | 17850587 | Spleen cells from mice receiving LT-K63 showed enhanced proliferation and interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-10 secretion upon TT stimulation, whereas cells from mice receiving CpG2006 could only enhance IL-10 secretion. |
| 5993 | 17850592 | T-cell response to cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and tetanus toxoid (TT) was determined by flow cytometry analysis for CD69, TNFalpha, IFNgamma, IL-4 expression and cell proliferation. |
| 5994 | 17850592 | In spite of a general reduction of the CD4/CD8 ratio following transplantation, recovery of antigen specific CD4(+) T cells reactivity generally occurred prior to CD8(+) recovery and often to a higher level. |
| 5995 | 17855518 | We therefore tested recombinant RSV (rRSV) candidates expressing prototypic murine Th1 (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma]) or Th2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4]) cytokines, with detailed monitoring of responses to subsequent infections with RSV or (as a control) influenza A virus. |
| 5996 | 17855518 | Although priming with either recombinant vector reduced viral load during RSV challenge, enhanced weight loss and enhanced pulmonary influx of RSV-specific CD8+ T cells were observed after challenge in mice primed with rRSV/IFN-gamma. |
| 5997 | 17868957 | Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a fusion gene of porcine IL-4 and IL-6 (PIL4/IL6) packaged with chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in terms of the development of a novel effective adjuvant. |
| 5998 | 17868957 | Furthermore, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 increased remarkably in the sera of immunized mice (P<0.05). |
| 5999 | 17868957 | Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a fusion gene of porcine IL-4 and IL-6 (PIL4/IL6) packaged with chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in terms of the development of a novel effective adjuvant. |
| 6000 | 17868957 | Furthermore, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 increased remarkably in the sera of immunized mice (P<0.05). |
| 6001 | 17886372 | Suppression of APF was observed along with suppression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) as well as B-lymphocytes growth factor (IL-4). |
| 6002 | 17905435 | The secretion level of IFN-gamma was much higher than that of IL-4 in vAc-N or vAc-S immunized groups, suggesting a strong Th1 bias towards cellular immune responses. |
| 6003 | 17908806 | Hybrid cell vaccination resolves Leishmania donovani infection by eliciting a strong CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response with concomitant suppression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) but not IL-4 or IL-13. |
| 6004 | 17908806 | Moreover, splenic lymphocytes of HCV-treated mice not only showed the enhancement of gamma interferon but also marked an elevated expression of the Th2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 at both transcriptional and translational levels. |
| 6005 | 17908806 | Interestingly, CD8+ T-cell depletion completely abrogated HCV-induced immunity, resulting in a marked increase of IL-10 but not of IL-4 and IL-13. |
| 6006 | 17908806 | Hybrid cell vaccination resolves Leishmania donovani infection by eliciting a strong CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response with concomitant suppression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) but not IL-4 or IL-13. |
| 6007 | 17908806 | Moreover, splenic lymphocytes of HCV-treated mice not only showed the enhancement of gamma interferon but also marked an elevated expression of the Th2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 at both transcriptional and translational levels. |
| 6008 | 17908806 | Interestingly, CD8+ T-cell depletion completely abrogated HCV-induced immunity, resulting in a marked increase of IL-10 but not of IL-4 and IL-13. |
| 6009 | 17908806 | Hybrid cell vaccination resolves Leishmania donovani infection by eliciting a strong CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response with concomitant suppression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) but not IL-4 or IL-13. |
| 6010 | 17908806 | Moreover, splenic lymphocytes of HCV-treated mice not only showed the enhancement of gamma interferon but also marked an elevated expression of the Th2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 at both transcriptional and translational levels. |
| 6011 | 17908806 | Interestingly, CD8+ T-cell depletion completely abrogated HCV-induced immunity, resulting in a marked increase of IL-10 but not of IL-4 and IL-13. |
| 6012 | 17917970 | CD14(+) cells were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 6013 | 17919443 | We observed that this vaccine caused a significant reduction in parasite load in liver and spleen and induced a high production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by spleen cells from vaccinated mice in response to Leishmania antigen. |
| 6014 | 17929411 | In the study, concentrations of IFN-gamma/Il-2 and 1l-4/Il-5 in supernatants of cultured mice splenocytes have been determined to evaluate differences in Th1 or Th2 lymphocytes subpopulation response. |
| 6015 | 17929411 | Simultaneously, studies of intracellular expression of genes encoding of Il-2, Il-12, IFN-gamma and Il-4, Il-5, Il-10, Il-13 in mice splenocytes, and genes encoding factors involved in inflammatory process in the lung tissue (GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, Il-1beta, Il-6 i TGF-beta) have been performed on RNA level. |
| 6016 | 17931755 | Positive prognostic indicators associated with reduced pathology in the BCG-vaccinated group were decreased antigen induced IFN-gamma, iNOS, IL-4, and MIP1-alpha responses, increased antigen induced FoxP3 expression, and a diminished activation phenotype (i.e., downward arrow CD25+ and CD44+ cells and upward arrow CD62L+ cells) in mycobacterial-stimulated mononuclear cell cultures. |
| 6017 | 17942922 | We have observed that 42 of 70 (60%) tumor samples from patients with PDA express moderate- to high-density surface IL-4 receptor (IL-4R), whereas normal pancreatic samples express no or low-density IL-4R. |
| 6018 | 17951990 | Leishmanin skin test (LST) response, proliferative response of lymphocyte (PRL) to L. major antigen, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production, and percentage of L. major-specific CD4+, CD8+ and CD16+/CD56+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed. |
| 6019 | 17959278 | The blood was weekly collected to detect the change of IgG, IgA, IgM, specific antibody, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 by ELISA. |
| 6020 | 17977633 | Subcutaneous immunization with a mixture of HA vaccine and gamma-PGA-NPs induced higher mononuclear cell proliferation and the production of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-6 upon HA restimulation, and enhanced not only anti-HA neutralizing antibody production but also the influenza virus-specific cell-mediated immune response, including CTL activity, compared with immunization with HA alone or a mixture of HA and aluminum adjuvant. |
| 6021 | 17978011 | We used a multiplex, suspension-array-based immunoassay method to measure 10 proinflammatory (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-6, and IL-8) and immunoregulatory (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-13) cytokines in cervical mucus specimens collected via ophthalmic sponge from 72 healthy, nonpregnant women and correlate their levels with biologic and behavioral covariates in a cross-sectional design. |
| 6022 | 17978011 | Among the covariates examined, the most striking finding was the significant (P < or = 0.05) association between depressed levels of the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 and cigarette smoking. |
| 6023 | 17980939 | Immune responses of two recombinant adenoviruses expressing VP1 antigens of FMDV fused with porcine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 6024 | 17980939 | In the present report, we constructed and characterized the immune responses conferred by two recombinant adenoviruses expressing VP1 epitopes (three amino acid residues 21-60, 141-160 and 200-213 in VP1, designated VPe) or VP1 protein of FMDV fused with porcine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (named rAd-GMCSF-VPe and rAd-GMCSF-VP1). |
| 6025 | 17980939 | The results showed that the highest levels of FMDV-specific T cell proliferation, IFN-gamma and IL-4 could be induced by rAd-GMCSF-VPe expressing fusion GMCSF-VPe, and the highest level of FMDV-specific humoral immune responses could be induced by rAd-GMCSF-VP1 expressing fusion GMCSF-VP1 in mice. |
| 6026 | 17996993 | In contrast, the vaccine powder delivered by the pulmonary route, induced not only systemic humoral (IgG) responses, but also cell-mediated (Il-4, IFN-gamma) and mucosal immune responses (IgA, IgG). |
| 6027 | 17996992 | Antigenic stimulation of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells from BCG-vaccinated cattle enhanced expression of perforin and IFNgamma in cells expressing a CD45RA-CD45RO+CD62L+ cell surface phenotype, enhanced transcription of granulysin, IFNgamma, perforin, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-21, and enhanced anti-mycobacterial activity of CD4+ T cells against BCG-infected macrophages. |
| 6028 | 17998917 | Single oral immunization with live BCG also invoked an interleukin-2 response (but not TNF-alpha or IL-4), although the magnitude was not elevated by multiple immunizations. |
| 6029 | 18003817 | The cytokines analyzed in this study were gamma interferon, vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, IL-12p40, and IL-4. |
| 6030 | 18006850 | The immune responses elicited in transgenic mice comprised the activation of lung granulocytes and macrophages and of systemic adaptive responses based on helper T cells and their cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4) and anti-HER-2/neu antibodies. |
| 6031 | 18024219 | There was a significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma levels in cells isolated from immunized mice as compared to control. |
| 6032 | 18024909 | There was more significant lung inflammation associated with eosinophilic infiltration, as well as increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5, in the bronchoalveolar lavages of mice immunized with hMPV alone or with the adjuvant. |
| 6033 | 18054415 | Allergen immunotherapy in intermittent allergic rhinitis reduces the intracellular expression of IL-4 by CD8+ T cells. |
| 6034 | 18056374 | Interaction between GATA-3 and the transcriptional coregulator Pias1 is important for the regulation of Th2 immune responses. |
| 6035 | 18056374 | Here, we reported a number of GATA-3 associated proteins in Th2 cells, and one of such proteins Pias1 functioned as a positive transcriptional coregulator for GATA-3. |
| 6036 | 18056374 | When overexpressed in Th2 cells, Pias1 enhanced the expression of IL-13, and to lesser degrees, IL-4 and -5. |
| 6037 | 18056374 | In Leishmania major infection, manipulating Pias1 expression in parasite-reactive CD4 T cells altered severity of disease caused by Th2 responses. |
| 6038 | 18056374 | Mechanistically, Pias1 markedly potentiated GATA-3-mediated activation of the IL-13 promoter by facilitating the recruitment of GATA-3 to the promoter. |
| 6039 | 18056374 | In contrast, IL-5 promoter was modestly enhanced by Pias1 and no effect was observed on IL-4 promoter. |
| 6040 | 18056374 | Interaction between GATA-3 and the transcriptional coregulator Pias1 is important for the regulation of Th2 immune responses. |
| 6041 | 18056374 | Here, we reported a number of GATA-3 associated proteins in Th2 cells, and one of such proteins Pias1 functioned as a positive transcriptional coregulator for GATA-3. |
| 6042 | 18056374 | When overexpressed in Th2 cells, Pias1 enhanced the expression of IL-13, and to lesser degrees, IL-4 and -5. |
| 6043 | 18056374 | In Leishmania major infection, manipulating Pias1 expression in parasite-reactive CD4 T cells altered severity of disease caused by Th2 responses. |
| 6044 | 18056374 | Mechanistically, Pias1 markedly potentiated GATA-3-mediated activation of the IL-13 promoter by facilitating the recruitment of GATA-3 to the promoter. |
| 6045 | 18056374 | In contrast, IL-5 promoter was modestly enhanced by Pias1 and no effect was observed on IL-4 promoter. |
| 6046 | 18063448 | The proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), IFN-gamma and IL-4 in serum, and the titre of IgG, IgG2/IgG1 isotype in serum and IgA in intestinal washings and feces to PRV vaccine were tested at different time-points. |
| 6047 | 18068331 | Low Sociable animals also showed alterations in lymph node expression of the immunoregulatory cytokine genes IFNG and IL4, and lower secondary IgG responses to tetanus vaccination. |
| 6048 | 18083279 | Outstanding IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio besides low levels of IgG1 with subsequent high IgG2a/IgG1 ratio further characterized a Type-1 polarized immunological profile in pcDNA-IL-12-vaccinated animals. |
| 6049 | 18086017 | Exudates of rats vaccinated with Na-ASP-2 showed an increase of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma and especially, IL-5, as well as IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies. |
| 6050 | 18094185 | Interestingly, neither gamma interferon- nor interleukin-4-producing CD4 T cells directed to I-E(d)-restricted epitope were detected in the lungs of rAd/3xG-immune mice upon challenge, whereas priming with vaccinia virus expressing RSV G (vvG) elicited strong Th1/Th2 mixed CD4 T-cell responses. |
| 6051 | 18097046 | Suppression of lethal Plasmodium yoelii malaria following protective immunization requires antibody-, IL-4-, and IFN-gamma-dependent responses induced by vaccination and/or challenge infection. |
| 6052 | 18097046 | Studies with cytokine-deficient mice showed that protection was induced by immunization of C57BL/6 mice only when IL-4 and IFN-gamma were both present. |
| 6053 | 18097046 | In BALB/c mice, the absence of either IL-4 or IFN-gamma led to predictable shifts in the IgG isotype profile but did not reduce the magnitude of the Ab response induced by rPyMSP-8 immunization. |
| 6054 | 18097046 | Combined, the data indicate that induction of protective responses by merozoite surface protein-based vaccines depends on IL-4 and IFN-gamma-dependent pathways and that vaccine efficacy is significantly influenced by host responses elicited upon infection. |
| 6055 | 18097046 | Suppression of lethal Plasmodium yoelii malaria following protective immunization requires antibody-, IL-4-, and IFN-gamma-dependent responses induced by vaccination and/or challenge infection. |
| 6056 | 18097046 | Studies with cytokine-deficient mice showed that protection was induced by immunization of C57BL/6 mice only when IL-4 and IFN-gamma were both present. |
| 6057 | 18097046 | In BALB/c mice, the absence of either IL-4 or IFN-gamma led to predictable shifts in the IgG isotype profile but did not reduce the magnitude of the Ab response induced by rPyMSP-8 immunization. |
| 6058 | 18097046 | Combined, the data indicate that induction of protective responses by merozoite surface protein-based vaccines depends on IL-4 and IFN-gamma-dependent pathways and that vaccine efficacy is significantly influenced by host responses elicited upon infection. |
| 6059 | 18097046 | Suppression of lethal Plasmodium yoelii malaria following protective immunization requires antibody-, IL-4-, and IFN-gamma-dependent responses induced by vaccination and/or challenge infection. |
| 6060 | 18097046 | Studies with cytokine-deficient mice showed that protection was induced by immunization of C57BL/6 mice only when IL-4 and IFN-gamma were both present. |
| 6061 | 18097046 | In BALB/c mice, the absence of either IL-4 or IFN-gamma led to predictable shifts in the IgG isotype profile but did not reduce the magnitude of the Ab response induced by rPyMSP-8 immunization. |
| 6062 | 18097046 | Combined, the data indicate that induction of protective responses by merozoite surface protein-based vaccines depends on IL-4 and IFN-gamma-dependent pathways and that vaccine efficacy is significantly influenced by host responses elicited upon infection. |
| 6063 | 18097046 | Suppression of lethal Plasmodium yoelii malaria following protective immunization requires antibody-, IL-4-, and IFN-gamma-dependent responses induced by vaccination and/or challenge infection. |
| 6064 | 18097046 | Studies with cytokine-deficient mice showed that protection was induced by immunization of C57BL/6 mice only when IL-4 and IFN-gamma were both present. |
| 6065 | 18097046 | In BALB/c mice, the absence of either IL-4 or IFN-gamma led to predictable shifts in the IgG isotype profile but did not reduce the magnitude of the Ab response induced by rPyMSP-8 immunization. |
| 6066 | 18097046 | Combined, the data indicate that induction of protective responses by merozoite surface protein-based vaccines depends on IL-4 and IFN-gamma-dependent pathways and that vaccine efficacy is significantly influenced by host responses elicited upon infection. |
| 6067 | 18156796 | After immunization of mice with HPV16 L1 VLPs, we measured splenocytes proliferation and the levels of IFNgamma, IL2, IL4, and IL5. |
| 6068 | 18158729 | Monocyte-derived DCs from healthy donors were infected with the recombinant adenovirus (Ad) harboring HCV NS3 (AdNS3), NS4 (NS4A and NS4B; AdNS4), NS5 (NS5A and NS5B; AdNS5), NS3/NS4 (AdNS3/NS4), and NS4/NS5 (AdNS4/NS5) genes, and then used to stimulate autologous lymphocytes in vitro. |
| 6069 | 18158729 | Antigen-specific cellular immune responses were detected by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and Granzyme B (GrB) enzyme-linked immunospot assays (ELISPOT). |
| 6070 | 18158729 | DCs transduced with NS3/NS4 or NS4/NS5 had similar ability to elicit specific immune responses to HCV. |
| 6071 | 18162346 | The analysis of the cytokine profile from spleen cells revealed that BSA-microparticles induced the secretion of both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 6072 | 18164561 | Both vaccines were able to induce a non-significant secretion of gamma interferon and did not induce the secretion of IL-4 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. |
| 6073 | 18164706 | After B. microti infection, the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the treated group were significantly lower than in the control group. |
| 6074 | 18191231 | The effect was determined in the form of protective anti-JEV E titers, antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a), spleen cell lymphocyte proliferation, the levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 cytokines, and the T-lymphocyte sub-type composition. |
| 6075 | 18191231 | The IgG2a titer and interferon-gamma level suggested that the E-BD protein potentiates the Th1 immune response. |
| 6076 | 18191307 | Specific antibodies in serum and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma) from splenocytes were detected by indirect ELISA. |
| 6077 | 18191308 | PLG formulation greatly reduced lung eosinophilia and prevented the induction of IL-4 and IL-5 during challenge, accompanied by a less marked CD4+ T cell response and a restoration of the CD8+ T cell recruitment seen during infection of non-vaccinated animals. |
| 6078 | 18191311 | High titers of IgG1 and IgG2b were detected as well as production of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and INF-gamma in response to Nlac PorB, consistent with induction of both a Th1-type and a Th2-type immune response. |
| 6079 | 18202753 | Recently, we have demonstrated up-regulation of a new member of the LOX family, lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4), in invasive HNC revealed a significant correlation between LOXL4 expression and local lymph node metastases and higher tumour stages. |
| 6080 | 18202753 | The successfully transfected immature dendritic cells (DCs) were induced to mature with GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and PGE2, and then used to stimulate T cell enriched non-adherent fraction of PBMC. |
| 6081 | 18202753 | LOXL4 specific T cell stimulation induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response was monitored using IFN-gamma secretion from the non-adherent PBMC fraction exposed to mature, LOXL4 transfected DCs acting as the antigen presenting target cells. |
| 6082 | 18245488 | Our results show the induction of an immune response against a newly defined PSCA epitope that is mediated primarily by CD8 T cells. |
| 6083 | 18245488 | The prostates of PSCA-vaccinated mice were infiltrated by CD4-positive, CD8-positive, CD11b-positive, and CD11c-positive cells. |
| 6084 | 18245488 | Vaccination induced MHC class I expression and cytokine production [IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5] within prostate tumors. |
| 6085 | 18271251 | Western blot showed that the expression product (SP(Usp45)-INS protein) targeted mainly at the cell wall while little was found in cytoplasm or supernatant. |
| 6086 | 18271251 | ELISA and Western blot results showed that the recombinant strain could induce SP(Usp45)-INS-specific antibodies and raise IL-4 level (38.583 +/- 2.083 pg/mL, P < 0.05) in the mice' s sera. |
| 6087 | 18279956 | The blood was weekly collected from mice after vaccination to detect the changes of immunoglobulins, specific antibodies, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and immune cells. 28 days after vaccination, the mice were orally challenged with virulent Pasteurella multocida. |
| 6088 | 18292584 | Ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with BCG for 12 h induced expression of predominantly IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha in CD4+ T cells in seven distinct cytokine combinations. |
| 6089 | 18292584 | IL-4 and IL-10 expression was detected in CD4+ T cells at low frequencies and only in cells that did not coexpress type 1 cytokines. |
| 6090 | 18292584 | Specific CD8+ T cells were less frequent than CD4+ T cells and produced mainly IFN-gamma and/or IL-2 and less TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 6091 | 18292584 | Importantly, many mycobacteria-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells did not produce IFN-gamma. |
| 6092 | 18292584 | Among five phenotypic patterns of CD4+ T cells, central memory cells were more likely to be IL-2+ and effector cells were more likely to be IFN-gamma+. |
| 6093 | 18292584 | Ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with BCG for 12 h induced expression of predominantly IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha in CD4+ T cells in seven distinct cytokine combinations. |
| 6094 | 18292584 | IL-4 and IL-10 expression was detected in CD4+ T cells at low frequencies and only in cells that did not coexpress type 1 cytokines. |
| 6095 | 18292584 | Specific CD8+ T cells were less frequent than CD4+ T cells and produced mainly IFN-gamma and/or IL-2 and less TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 6096 | 18292584 | Importantly, many mycobacteria-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells did not produce IFN-gamma. |
| 6097 | 18292584 | Among five phenotypic patterns of CD4+ T cells, central memory cells were more likely to be IL-2+ and effector cells were more likely to be IFN-gamma+. |
| 6098 | 18299268 | Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a newly described, typical, four-helix cytokine showing significant homology with IL-2, IL-4 and IL-15. |
| 6099 | 18299268 | Prevalence and level of IL-21, total IgG and subclass (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) titers were determined in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 6100 | 18299268 | Plasma IL-21 levels correlated with IgG1 and IgG3 levels. |
| 6101 | 18299268 | Additionally, plasma IL-21 levels correlated with hemoglobin levels in younger children and with parasite density. |
| 6102 | 18299268 | Here we describe the relationship between IL-21 and antibodies for erythrocyte-binding antigen-175 (EBA-175) peptide 4, a malaria vaccine candidate in Gabonese children with acute falciparum malaria. |
| 6103 | 18300038 | Very little interleukin-4 (IL-4) was released by cells from mice immunized with PIMs and OVA, whereas cells from animals immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and OVA released IL-4 as well as IFN-gamma. |
| 6104 | 18314558 | The vaccine response of aged animals was characterized by a 6-fold increase in interleukin-4 and a 3-fold increase in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreting cells, whereas in young animals immunization only stimulated the production of the type 1 cytokine IFN-gamma. |
| 6105 | 18319583 | The results revealed that IFN-gamma and IL-6 were upregulated during the first week post-vaccination. |
| 6106 | 18319583 | Low level expressions of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IL-10 and no expression of IL-2 and IL-4 were observed compared with the control camels. |
| 6107 | 18321614 | HSP-70 and PFR-2 also produced an increase of the TNF-alpha transcripts abundance. |
| 6108 | 18321614 | No measurable induction of IL-10 was observed and low levels of IL-4 mRNA were produced in response to the three mentioned recombinant antigens. |
| 6109 | 18325643 | Specific SNPs in the TLR 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, MyD88 and MD2 genes were associated with measles-specific humoral and cellular immunity. |
| 6110 | 18325643 | Heterozygous variants for rs4986790 (Gly299Asp) and rs4986791 (Ile399Thr) in the TLR4 gene demonstrated higher levels of (p <or= 0.02) IL-4 secretion. |
| 6111 | 18325643 | Heterozygous variants for SNPs in TLR5 (rs5744174) and TLR6 (rs5743818) were associated with higher levels of (p <or= 0.02) IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 6112 | 18325643 | In addition, SNPs in MyD88 and MD2, intracellular molecules that associate with TLRs, also demonstrated associations with variations in antibody and IL-10 production (p <or= 0.03). |
| 6113 | 18329193 | Because cytokines play a key role in immunity, the expression levels of TGF-beta, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-6 were measured, by RT-PCR in the spleen, the ileum and the mesenteric lymph node of the animals at the end of the experiment. |
| 6114 | 18329193 | In the mesenteric lymph node, a significantly lower expression of both TGF-beta and IFN-gamma mRNA expression levels is observed in animals feed with DON when compared with control piglets. |
| 6115 | 18329759 | The splenocytes collected from the VLP-immunized mice exhibited significant cell proliferation and produced high levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4 after stimulation, indicating the induction of Th1 and Th2 immune responses by VLP immunization. |
| 6116 | 18343889 | Accordingly, depletion of IL-4 or Gr1+ cells in alum-injected mice had no effect on the ability of alum to improve expansion of primary CD4 T cells. |
| 6117 | 18343889 | These data suggest that alum affects the immune response in at least two ways: one, independent of Gr1+ cells and IL-4, that promotes CD4 T cell proliferation and another, via Gr1+IL-4+ cells, that participates in the polarization of the response. |
| 6118 | 18343889 | Accordingly, depletion of IL-4 or Gr1+ cells in alum-injected mice had no effect on the ability of alum to improve expansion of primary CD4 T cells. |
| 6119 | 18343889 | These data suggest that alum affects the immune response in at least two ways: one, independent of Gr1+ cells and IL-4, that promotes CD4 T cell proliferation and another, via Gr1+IL-4+ cells, that participates in the polarization of the response. |
| 6120 | 18353921 | Vaccination with the DNA construct generated a good cellular immune response with significant increases in gamma interferon and interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine levels (Th1), but no increase in IL-4 levels (Th2). |
| 6121 | 18362129 | Cytokine secretion from spleen cells of mice vaccinated with the encapsulated vjbR::Tn5 revealed elevated secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-12, but no interleukin-4, suggesting an induction of a T helper 1 response reflecting the enhanced immunity associated with microencapsulation. |
| 6122 | 18378159 | Thus, we have analyzed two T(H)1/T(H)2 signature cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4) from 12 healthy first-time adults vaccinated with YF17DD virus. |
| 6123 | 18405984 | In addition, induction of IFNgamma, IL4, IL10, IL12 secretion in presence of GSPL was investigated in PBMC from normal individuals. |
| 6124 | 18405984 | ROS and RNI in addition to IFNgamma and IL12 were induced by GSPL. |
| 6125 | 18419471 | In contrast, CD3(+), CD4(+), or CD8(+) T lymphocytes from immunized animals transferred protection, and the vaccine was efficacious in IL-4-deficient mice but not in IFN-gamma-deficient mice. |
| 6126 | 18435687 | Although both Th1 (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-12) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines were secreted by the PBMCs of the P. vivax-exposed individuals in response to PvTRAg, the overall response was more inclined towards Th2. |
| 6127 | 18442785 | Also, exposure of DCs to EP54 (50 microg/ml) induced the activation of genes specific for the Th1 cytokines IL-6, IL-12, INFgamma, and TNFalpha as well as the Th2 cytokine IL-4. |
| 6128 | 18462845 | The effects of IL-6 and TNF-alpha as molecular adjuvants on immune responses to FMDV and maturation of dendritic cells by DNA vaccination. |
| 6129 | 18462845 | In this study, we investigated whether co-inoculation of a construct expressing either IL-6 or TNF-alpha as the molecular adjuvant with FMDV DNA vaccine, pcD-VP1, can increase immune responses. |
| 6130 | 18462845 | Compared to the group immunized with pcD-VP1 alone, the co-inoculation with either molecular adjuvant induced a higher ratio of IgG2a/IgG1, higher levels of expression of IFN-gamma in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IL-4 in CD4+ T cells, and in vivo antigen-specific cytotoxic response. |
| 6131 | 18462845 | Together, the results demonstrate that IL-6 and TNF-alpha used as molecular adjuvants can enhance the antigen-specific cell-mediated responses elicited by VP1 DNA vaccine. |
| 6132 | 18468738 | Moreover, mice receiving RT-ODCsig gene mounted a mixed Th1/Th2 response characterized by the in vitro secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10 upon stimulation of splenocytes with RT protein or RT derived peptides. |
| 6133 | 18481222 | The secretion of Th type 1 (TNF, IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th type 2 (IL-4 and IL-6) cytokines was tested in the medium fluid of purified PBL and splenocyte cultures; their absolute values were expressed in relative indexes. |
| 6134 | 18481222 | The PBL from FpgD1/313 immunized mice showed increased secretion of both T(H)1 (TNF) as well as T(H)2 (IL-4) cytokines (7-10-fold, respectively). |
| 6135 | 18481222 | The secretion of Th type 1 (TNF, IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th type 2 (IL-4 and IL-6) cytokines was tested in the medium fluid of purified PBL and splenocyte cultures; their absolute values were expressed in relative indexes. |
| 6136 | 18481222 | The PBL from FpgD1/313 immunized mice showed increased secretion of both T(H)1 (TNF) as well as T(H)2 (IL-4) cytokines (7-10-fold, respectively). |
| 6137 | 18486913 | Accordingly, the potency and adjuvanticity of eight adjuvant formulations based on Montanide ISA720, MF59, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), QS21 (saponin derivative), MPL-SE (stable emulsion of a MPL derivative), and MPL-AF (MPL in aqueous formulation) were studied in immune gene knockout mice, IFN-gamma -/-, IL-4 -/-, and STAT6 -/-, using the P. falciparum MSP1 vaccine, P30P2MSP1-19 as a model immunogen. |
| 6138 | 18502198 | In addition, CIM significantly promotes an elevated level of IL-4 and IFN-gamma in antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells and a robust antigen-specific cytotoxic response in the animals immunized with pcD-S2 plus CIM. |
| 6139 | 18502198 | Further, CIM induces pro-inflammatory cytokine expression such as the IL-12 and down-regulates anti-inflammatory cytokine expression such as IL-10 and TGF-beta, which may lead to an impairment of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cell-mediated suppression. |
| 6140 | 18519743 | Pulmonary eosinophilia requires interleukin-5, eotaxin-1, and CD4+ T cells in mice immunized with respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein. |
| 6141 | 18519743 | We have shown IL-4 and IL-13 activity must be simultaneously inhibited to reduce disease severity. |
| 6142 | 18519743 | We now address the contributions of IL-5, eotaxin-1, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to the induction of disease-enhancing immune responses. |
| 6143 | 18519743 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells during immunization prevented IL-4, IL-13, and eotaxin-1 production, diminished eosinophilia, and reduced weight loss. |
| 6144 | 18519743 | Conversely, CD8+ T cell depletion did not decrease eosinophilia, weight loss, or type 2 cytokines but did dramatically reduce mucus production and increase eotaxin production. |
| 6145 | 18519743 | We conclude CD4+ T cell production of IL-5 and induction of eotaxin-1 are required for vvGs-induced eosinophilia following RSV challenge, while CD8+ T cells appear to down-regulate eotaxin-1 and mucus production. |
| 6146 | 18519743 | Pulmonary eosinophilia requires interleukin-5, eotaxin-1, and CD4+ T cells in mice immunized with respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein. |
| 6147 | 18519743 | We have shown IL-4 and IL-13 activity must be simultaneously inhibited to reduce disease severity. |
| 6148 | 18519743 | We now address the contributions of IL-5, eotaxin-1, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to the induction of disease-enhancing immune responses. |
| 6149 | 18519743 | Depletion of CD4+ T cells during immunization prevented IL-4, IL-13, and eotaxin-1 production, diminished eosinophilia, and reduced weight loss. |
| 6150 | 18519743 | Conversely, CD8+ T cell depletion did not decrease eosinophilia, weight loss, or type 2 cytokines but did dramatically reduce mucus production and increase eotaxin production. |
| 6151 | 18519743 | We conclude CD4+ T cell production of IL-5 and induction of eotaxin-1 are required for vvGs-induced eosinophilia following RSV challenge, while CD8+ T cells appear to down-regulate eotaxin-1 and mucus production. |
| 6152 | 18523277 | Previously, we showed that nasal administration of a naked cDNA plasmid expressing Flt3 ligand (FL) cDNA (pFL) enhanced CD4(+) Th2-type, cytokine-mediated mucosal immunity and increased lymphoid-type dendritic cell (DC) numbers. |
| 6153 | 18523277 | Nasal immunization of mice with OVA plus Ad-FL as mucosal adjuvant elicited high levels of OVA-specific Ab responses in external secretions and plasma as well as significant levels of OVA-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferative responses and OVA-induced IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in NALT, cervical lymph nodes, and spleen. |
| 6154 | 18523277 | Notably, the number of CD11b(+)CD11c(+) DCs expressing high levels of costimulatory molecules was preferentially increased. |
| 6155 | 18523277 | Taken together, these results suggest that the use of Ad-FL as a nasal adjuvant preferentially induces mature-type NALT CD11b(+)CD11c(+) DCs that migrate to effector sites for subsequent CD4(+) Th1- and Th2-type cytokine-mediated, Ag-specific Ab and CTL responses. |
| 6156 | 18523296 | The central memory CD4+ T cell population generated during Leishmania major infection requires IL-12 to produce IFN-gamma. |
| 6157 | 18523296 | In this study, we show that the Leishmania-specific central memory CD4(+) T cells require IL-12 to produce IFN-gamma, demonstrating that this population needs additional signals to develop into Th1 cells. |
| 6158 | 18523296 | In addition, we found that when central memory CD4(+) T cells were adoptively transferred into IL-12-deficient hosts, many of the cells became IL-4 producers. |
| 6159 | 18523314 | Additionally, anti-OVA specific IgE and production of IL-4 and IL-5 of T cells stimulated by OVA were significantly decreased in CD40 siRNA-treated mice. |
| 6160 | 18524884 | Infant monkeys developed sustained neutralizing antibody and T cells secreting IFN-gamma and interleukin-4. |
| 6161 | 18528294 | The vaccine consisted of autologous DCs obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cultured in granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and IL-4 then pulsed with autologous tumor cell lysate and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). |
| 6162 | 18549446 | However, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 secretion were enhanced only in spleen and lymph node cells from neonatally primed mice. |
| 6163 | 18550809 | This B cell response is absent in CD1d(-/-) and Jalpha18(-/-) mice but not CD4(-/-) mice. |
| 6164 | 18550809 | The antibody response to NP-alphaGalCer is dominated by the IgM, IgG3, and IgG2c isotypes, and marginal zone B cells stimulate better in vitro lipid antigen-driven proliferation than follicular B cells, suggesting an important role for this B cell subset. iNK T cell help for B cells is shown to involve cognate help from CD1d-instructed lipid-specific iNK T cells, with help provided via CD40L, B7-1/B7-2, and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4. |
| 6165 | 18552348 | For example, aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA), PLA2, SIAT8B, GALNT7, or B3GAT1 metabolize chemical ligands to which the influenza virus, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella, or Toxoplasma gondii bind. |
| 6166 | 18552348 | The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGR/EGFR) is used by the CMV to gain entry to cells, and a CMV gene codes for an interleukin (IL-10) mimic that binds the host cognate receptor, IL10R. |
| 6167 | 18552348 | The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1) is used by herpes simplex. |
| 6168 | 18552348 | KPNA3 and RANBP5 control the nuclear import of the influenza virus. |
| 6169 | 18552348 | Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) controls the microtubule network that is used by viruses as a route to the nucleus, while DTNBP1, MUTED, and BLOC1S3 regulate endosomal to lysosomal routing that is also important in viral traffic. |
| 6170 | 18552348 | Neuregulin 1 activates ERBB receptors releasing a factor, EBP1, known to inhibit the influenza virus transcriptase. |
| 6171 | 18552348 | Other viral or bacterial components bind to genes or proteins encoded by CALR, FEZ1, FYN, HSPA1B, IL2, HTR2A, KPNA3, MED12, MED15, MICB, NQO2, PAX6, PIK3C3, RANBP5, or TP53, while the cerebral infectivity of the herpes simplex virus is modified by Apolipoprotein E (APOE). |
| 6172 | 18552348 | Genes encoding for proteins related to the innate immune response, including cytokine related (CCR5, CSF2RA, CSF2RB, IL1B, IL1RN, IL2, IL3, IL3RA, IL4, IL10, IL10RA, IL18RAP, lymphotoxin-alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF]), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens (HLA-A10, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1), and genes involved in antigen processing (angiotensin-converting enzyme and tripeptidyl peptidase 2) are all concerned with defense against invading pathogens. |
| 6173 | 18552348 | Human microRNAs (Hsa-mir-198 and Hsa-mir-206) are predicted to bind to influenza, rubella, or poliovirus genes. |
| 6174 | 18563891 | A number of cyclic analogues were tested for their ability to inhibit (antagonize) Th1 (IFN-gamma) responses, and cyclo(83-99)[A (91)]MBP 83-99 mutant peptide was found to be the most efficient inhibitor. |
| 6175 | 18563891 | We demonstrated that cyclo(83-99)[A (91)]MBP 83-99 peptide emulsified in CFA enhanced Th2 (IL-4) and antibody responses in vivo. |
| 6176 | 18563891 | Moreover, immunization of mice with antagonist cyclo(83-99)[A (91)]MBP 83-99 peptide conjugated to reduced mannan enhanced IL-4 responses compared to cyclo(83-99)MBP 83-99 peptide. |
| 6177 | 18563891 | A number of cyclic analogues were tested for their ability to inhibit (antagonize) Th1 (IFN-gamma) responses, and cyclo(83-99)[A (91)]MBP 83-99 mutant peptide was found to be the most efficient inhibitor. |
| 6178 | 18563891 | We demonstrated that cyclo(83-99)[A (91)]MBP 83-99 peptide emulsified in CFA enhanced Th2 (IL-4) and antibody responses in vivo. |
| 6179 | 18563891 | Moreover, immunization of mice with antagonist cyclo(83-99)[A (91)]MBP 83-99 peptide conjugated to reduced mannan enhanced IL-4 responses compared to cyclo(83-99)MBP 83-99 peptide. |
| 6180 | 18566382 | Coligation of the hepatitis C virus receptor CD81 with CD28 primes naive T lymphocytes to acquire type 2 effector function. |
| 6181 | 18566382 | In this study, we describe for the first time that coligation of the tetraspanins CD81, CD82, or CD9 with the costimulatory molecule CD28 in vitro leads to proliferation of naive T cells. |
| 6182 | 18566382 | When activated through this pathway, both CD4+ and CD8+ naive T cells differentiate into type 2 effector cells, which produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10, together with IL-2 and TNF-alpha, but little to no IFN-gamma. |
| 6183 | 18566382 | These effector cells descend from precursors that display early and strong production of IL-4, STAT6 phosphorylation, and up-regulation of the transcription factor GATA-3, suggesting a direct skewing toward Th2 differentiation without a Th0 intermediate. |
| 6184 | 18566382 | The hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 is the only ligand known for CD81. |
| 6185 | 18566382 | Coligation of the hepatitis C virus receptor CD81 with CD28 primes naive T lymphocytes to acquire type 2 effector function. |
| 6186 | 18566382 | In this study, we describe for the first time that coligation of the tetraspanins CD81, CD82, or CD9 with the costimulatory molecule CD28 in vitro leads to proliferation of naive T cells. |
| 6187 | 18566382 | When activated through this pathway, both CD4+ and CD8+ naive T cells differentiate into type 2 effector cells, which produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10, together with IL-2 and TNF-alpha, but little to no IFN-gamma. |
| 6188 | 18566382 | These effector cells descend from precursors that display early and strong production of IL-4, STAT6 phosphorylation, and up-regulation of the transcription factor GATA-3, suggesting a direct skewing toward Th2 differentiation without a Th0 intermediate. |
| 6189 | 18566382 | The hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 is the only ligand known for CD81. |
| 6190 | 18566640 | Immunostaining and confocal microscopy revealed hepatic accumulation of IFNgamma+ Th1 and IL-4+ Th2 cells in animals from groups II and IV, respectively. |
| 6191 | 18569071 | We investigated if ELISpot, measuring cytokine production at the single cell level, facilitated a better detection of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 6192 | 18569071 | The low IL-5 response to TT was associated with a higher induction of the down-regulatory cytokine IL-10 by TT as compared to nickel (p < 0.001). |
| 6193 | 18569071 | Overall, ELISpot displayed a better detection of IL-4 as well as low intensity IL-5 responses thus emphasizing the importance of selecting suitable methods for the measurement of cytokine production ex vivo. |
| 6194 | 18569071 | We investigated if ELISpot, measuring cytokine production at the single cell level, facilitated a better detection of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 6195 | 18569071 | The low IL-5 response to TT was associated with a higher induction of the down-regulatory cytokine IL-10 by TT as compared to nickel (p < 0.001). |
| 6196 | 18569071 | Overall, ELISpot displayed a better detection of IL-4 as well as low intensity IL-5 responses thus emphasizing the importance of selecting suitable methods for the measurement of cytokine production ex vivo. |
| 6197 | 18573897 | In addition, testing of TB patients' PBMC for secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-8, and IL-1beta), Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-beta), and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) showed differential effects of RD peptides in the secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-10, with high IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratios (32 to 5.0) in response to RD1, RD5, RD7, RD9, and RD10 and low IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratios (<1.0) in response to RD12, RD13, and RD15. |
| 6198 | 18573897 | In conclusion, our results suggest that M. tuberculosis RDs can be divided into two major groups--one group that activates PBMC to preferentially secrete IFN-gamma and another group that activates preferential secretion of IL-10--and that these two groups of RDs may have roles in protection against and pathogenesis of TB, respectively. |
| 6199 | 18579264 | The stimulated T cells produced higher amount of IL-4 and IL-10 than IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 indicating a Th2 type of response bias. |
| 6200 | 18579694 | Differential expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-4 delta 2 mRNA, but not transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), TGF-beta RII, Foxp3, gamma interferon, T-bet, or GATA-3 mRNA, in patients with fast and slow responses to antituberculosis treatment. |
| 6201 | 18579694 | This study investigated interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-4 delta 2, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), TGF-beta RII, Foxp3, GATA-3, T-bet, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) transcription in peripheral blood samples of adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients prior to and after 1 week of therapy. |
| 6202 | 18579694 | There were no significant differences in expression of TGF-beta, TGF-beta RII, Foxp3, IFN-gamma, and GATA-3 between the groups. |
| 6203 | 18579694 | Differential expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-4 delta 2 mRNA, but not transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), TGF-beta RII, Foxp3, gamma interferon, T-bet, or GATA-3 mRNA, in patients with fast and slow responses to antituberculosis treatment. |
| 6204 | 18579694 | This study investigated interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-4 delta 2, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), TGF-beta RII, Foxp3, GATA-3, T-bet, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) transcription in peripheral blood samples of adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients prior to and after 1 week of therapy. |
| 6205 | 18579694 | There were no significant differences in expression of TGF-beta, TGF-beta RII, Foxp3, IFN-gamma, and GATA-3 between the groups. |
| 6206 | 18590786 | Lymphocyte proliferation assays using splenocytes from immunized mice showed significant proliferative responses and cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma presence in the culture supernatants. |
| 6207 | 18598729 | However, mice immunized with pIRES-ESAT-6-FL presented a more stronger T helper 1 (Th1)-biased response, accompanied by higher levels of lymphocytes proliferation, elevated production of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-2) by spleen cells, as well as increased specific antibody in sera, together with lower levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). |
| 6208 | 18603012 | This protection was associated with the induction of an IL-12 dependent specific-IFN-gamma response mediated mainly by CD4(+) T cell, albeit a minor contribution of CD8(+) T cells cannot be ruled out. |
| 6209 | 18603012 | A marked reduction of IgG1 antibody titer against parasite antigens besides an impaired IL-4 and IL-10 cytokine production by parasite specific T cells was observed. |
| 6210 | 18603012 | In this strain protection was associated with a LRP specific IFN-gamma production in lymph nodes draining the challenge site. |
| 6211 | 18606550 | It has been found that the PRR bind unit structures of PAMP, and that PAMP-binding involves several other humoral and cell membrane proteins, exemplified by the more or less simultaneous LPS recognition displayed by MD-2, CD-14 and TLR4 on the cell membrane. |
| 6212 | 18606550 | In turn, this may activate Th1 and Th2 immune responses with production of Th1 or Th2 signature molecules such as IFN-gamma and IL-4, respectively [2-4]. |
| 6213 | 18628832 | Such BVLPs up-regulated the level of CD40, CD80, CD86, CD83, and enhanced the secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in immature dendritic cells (DCs). |
| 6214 | 18628832 | BVLPs showed a stronger ability to stimulate DCs in terms of cytokine induction as evidenced by 2 to 6 fold higher production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. |
| 6215 | 18628832 | Further study indicated that IFN-gamma+ and IL-4+ populations in CD4+ T cells increased upon co-cultivation with DCs pre-exposed with BVLPs or SARS-CoV VLPs. |
| 6216 | 18633632 | Both therapies were associated with significant suppression of immediate type response, clinical appearance, dermal cell infiltration, reduced IL-4 production, and augmented IFN-gamma mRNA expression compared to placebo-treated mice. |
| 6217 | 18642727 | Vaccine therapy significantly reduces plasma level of IFN-gamma and increases IL-4 level. |
| 6218 | 18653385 | The effect of beta-interferon therapy on myelin basic protein-elicited CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production in multiple sclerosis. |
| 6219 | 18653385 | We analysed the CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine responses elicited by myelin basic protein (MBP) and a foreign recall antigen, tetanus toxoid (TT), in mononuclear cell cultures from fourteen MS patients undergoing IFN-beta therapy. |
| 6220 | 18653385 | The MBP-elicited IFN-gamma-, TNF-alpha- and IL-10 production decreased during therapy (p<0.007-0.03), while the IL-6 production increased (p<0.03). |
| 6221 | 18653385 | No significant change was observed in the MBP-induced CD4+ T cell proliferation, or in the production of IL-4, IL-5 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. |
| 6222 | 18653385 | In comparison, IFN-beta therapy reduced IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses to TT (p<0.003 and p<0.04). |
| 6223 | 18653385 | Thus, IFN-beta inhibits IFN-gamma production in general, presumably alleviating the detrimental influence of IFN-gamma in MS. |
| 6224 | 18653385 | However, the increase in proinflammatory IL-6 and the decrease in anti-inflammatory IL-10 responses suggest that IFN-beta has more diverse effects than previously assumed. |
| 6225 | 18653385 | The effect of beta-interferon therapy on myelin basic protein-elicited CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production in multiple sclerosis. |
| 6226 | 18653385 | We analysed the CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine responses elicited by myelin basic protein (MBP) and a foreign recall antigen, tetanus toxoid (TT), in mononuclear cell cultures from fourteen MS patients undergoing IFN-beta therapy. |
| 6227 | 18653385 | The MBP-elicited IFN-gamma-, TNF-alpha- and IL-10 production decreased during therapy (p<0.007-0.03), while the IL-6 production increased (p<0.03). |
| 6228 | 18653385 | No significant change was observed in the MBP-induced CD4+ T cell proliferation, or in the production of IL-4, IL-5 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. |
| 6229 | 18653385 | In comparison, IFN-beta therapy reduced IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses to TT (p<0.003 and p<0.04). |
| 6230 | 18653385 | Thus, IFN-beta inhibits IFN-gamma production in general, presumably alleviating the detrimental influence of IFN-gamma in MS. |
| 6231 | 18653385 | However, the increase in proinflammatory IL-6 and the decrease in anti-inflammatory IL-10 responses suggest that IFN-beta has more diverse effects than previously assumed. |
| 6232 | 18675465 | A double mutation of MBP(83-99) peptide induces IL-4 responses and antagonizes IFN-gamma responses. |
| 6233 | 18675465 | Immunization of SJL/J mice with MBP(83-99) and mutant [A(91)]MBP(83-99), [E(91)]MBP(83-99), [F(91)]MBP(83-99), [Y(91)]MBP(83-99), and [R(91), A(96)]MBP(83-99) peptides, induced IFN-gamma, and only [R(91), A(96)]MBP(83-99) mutant peptide was able to induce IL-4 secretion by T cells. |
| 6234 | 18675465 | The double mutant [R(91), A(96)]MBP(83-99) was able to antagonize IFN-gamma production in vitro by T cells against the native MBP(83-99) peptide. |
| 6235 | 18675465 | A double mutation of MBP(83-99) peptide induces IL-4 responses and antagonizes IFN-gamma responses. |
| 6236 | 18675465 | Immunization of SJL/J mice with MBP(83-99) and mutant [A(91)]MBP(83-99), [E(91)]MBP(83-99), [F(91)]MBP(83-99), [Y(91)]MBP(83-99), and [R(91), A(96)]MBP(83-99) peptides, induced IFN-gamma, and only [R(91), A(96)]MBP(83-99) mutant peptide was able to induce IL-4 secretion by T cells. |
| 6237 | 18675465 | The double mutant [R(91), A(96)]MBP(83-99) was able to antagonize IFN-gamma production in vitro by T cells against the native MBP(83-99) peptide. |
| 6238 | 18675592 | Whereas intramuscular injection of pGAD65 promoted a predominant type 1 CD4(+) T cell response and failed to suppress ongoing beta cell autoimmunity, gene gun vaccination preferentially induced IL-4 secreting CD4(+) T cells and significantly delayed the onset of diabetes. |
| 6239 | 18675866 | Antigen-specific T-cell proliferation, IL-4, IL-2 and IFN-gamma producing cells, and secretory IgA were mostly detected in animals receiving MALP-2 as adjuvant. |
| 6240 | 18677602 | In the Abeta(42) group, IL2 and IFN-gamma were relatively low and IL4 and IL10 were relatively high. |
| 6241 | 18677602 | By contrast, IL4 and IL10 were much higher in the Abeta(1-15) group and IL2 and IFN-gamma were much higher in the Abeta(36-42) group. |
| 6242 | 18677602 | In the Abeta(42) group, IL2 and IFN-gamma were relatively low and IL4 and IL10 were relatively high. |
| 6243 | 18677602 | By contrast, IL4 and IL10 were much higher in the Abeta(1-15) group and IL2 and IFN-gamma were much higher in the Abeta(36-42) group. |
| 6244 | 18684965 | Vaccination without autoantigen protects against collagen II-induced arthritis via immune deviation and regulatory T cells. |
| 6245 | 18684965 | A Salmonella vector expressing colonization factor Ag I (CFA/I), shown to behave as an anti-inflammatory vaccine, stimulates the production of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and regulatory cytokines. |
| 6246 | 18684965 | In this work, we queried whether Salmonella-CFA/I can protect DBA/1 mice from collagen-induced arthritis. |
| 6247 | 18684965 | Clinical findings were accompanied by the suppression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-27. |
| 6248 | 18684965 | Vaccination evoked a multi-tier response consisting of IL-4 producing Th2 cells, an increased production of TGF-beta by CD4(+) T cells, and suppression of collagen II-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation. |
| 6249 | 18684965 | To assess the contribution of Salmonella-CFA/I-primed CD4(+) T cells, adoptive transfer studies with total CD4(+), CD4(+)CD25(-), or CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were performed 15 days postchallenge. |
| 6250 | 18684965 | Mice receiving either subset showed reduced disease incidence and low clinical scores; however, mice receiving total CD4(+) T cells showed delayed disease onset by 10 days with reduced clinical scores, reduced IL-17 and IL-27, but enhanced IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-beta. |
| 6251 | 18684965 | Inhibition of TGF-beta or IL-4 compromised protective immunity. |
| 6252 | 18684965 | These data show that Salmonella-CFA/I vaccination of DBA/1 mice protects against collagen-induced arthritis by stimulating TGF-beta- and IL-4-producing regulatory CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6253 | 18684965 | Vaccination without autoantigen protects against collagen II-induced arthritis via immune deviation and regulatory T cells. |
| 6254 | 18684965 | A Salmonella vector expressing colonization factor Ag I (CFA/I), shown to behave as an anti-inflammatory vaccine, stimulates the production of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and regulatory cytokines. |
| 6255 | 18684965 | In this work, we queried whether Salmonella-CFA/I can protect DBA/1 mice from collagen-induced arthritis. |
| 6256 | 18684965 | Clinical findings were accompanied by the suppression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-27. |
| 6257 | 18684965 | Vaccination evoked a multi-tier response consisting of IL-4 producing Th2 cells, an increased production of TGF-beta by CD4(+) T cells, and suppression of collagen II-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation. |
| 6258 | 18684965 | To assess the contribution of Salmonella-CFA/I-primed CD4(+) T cells, adoptive transfer studies with total CD4(+), CD4(+)CD25(-), or CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were performed 15 days postchallenge. |
| 6259 | 18684965 | Mice receiving either subset showed reduced disease incidence and low clinical scores; however, mice receiving total CD4(+) T cells showed delayed disease onset by 10 days with reduced clinical scores, reduced IL-17 and IL-27, but enhanced IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-beta. |
| 6260 | 18684965 | Inhibition of TGF-beta or IL-4 compromised protective immunity. |
| 6261 | 18684965 | These data show that Salmonella-CFA/I vaccination of DBA/1 mice protects against collagen-induced arthritis by stimulating TGF-beta- and IL-4-producing regulatory CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6262 | 18684965 | Vaccination without autoantigen protects against collagen II-induced arthritis via immune deviation and regulatory T cells. |
| 6263 | 18684965 | A Salmonella vector expressing colonization factor Ag I (CFA/I), shown to behave as an anti-inflammatory vaccine, stimulates the production of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and regulatory cytokines. |
| 6264 | 18684965 | In this work, we queried whether Salmonella-CFA/I can protect DBA/1 mice from collagen-induced arthritis. |
| 6265 | 18684965 | Clinical findings were accompanied by the suppression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-27. |
| 6266 | 18684965 | Vaccination evoked a multi-tier response consisting of IL-4 producing Th2 cells, an increased production of TGF-beta by CD4(+) T cells, and suppression of collagen II-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation. |
| 6267 | 18684965 | To assess the contribution of Salmonella-CFA/I-primed CD4(+) T cells, adoptive transfer studies with total CD4(+), CD4(+)CD25(-), or CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were performed 15 days postchallenge. |
| 6268 | 18684965 | Mice receiving either subset showed reduced disease incidence and low clinical scores; however, mice receiving total CD4(+) T cells showed delayed disease onset by 10 days with reduced clinical scores, reduced IL-17 and IL-27, but enhanced IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-beta. |
| 6269 | 18684965 | Inhibition of TGF-beta or IL-4 compromised protective immunity. |
| 6270 | 18684965 | These data show that Salmonella-CFA/I vaccination of DBA/1 mice protects against collagen-induced arthritis by stimulating TGF-beta- and IL-4-producing regulatory CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6271 | 18684965 | Vaccination without autoantigen protects against collagen II-induced arthritis via immune deviation and regulatory T cells. |
| 6272 | 18684965 | A Salmonella vector expressing colonization factor Ag I (CFA/I), shown to behave as an anti-inflammatory vaccine, stimulates the production of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and regulatory cytokines. |
| 6273 | 18684965 | In this work, we queried whether Salmonella-CFA/I can protect DBA/1 mice from collagen-induced arthritis. |
| 6274 | 18684965 | Clinical findings were accompanied by the suppression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-27. |
| 6275 | 18684965 | Vaccination evoked a multi-tier response consisting of IL-4 producing Th2 cells, an increased production of TGF-beta by CD4(+) T cells, and suppression of collagen II-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation. |
| 6276 | 18684965 | To assess the contribution of Salmonella-CFA/I-primed CD4(+) T cells, adoptive transfer studies with total CD4(+), CD4(+)CD25(-), or CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were performed 15 days postchallenge. |
| 6277 | 18684965 | Mice receiving either subset showed reduced disease incidence and low clinical scores; however, mice receiving total CD4(+) T cells showed delayed disease onset by 10 days with reduced clinical scores, reduced IL-17 and IL-27, but enhanced IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-beta. |
| 6278 | 18684965 | Inhibition of TGF-beta or IL-4 compromised protective immunity. |
| 6279 | 18684965 | These data show that Salmonella-CFA/I vaccination of DBA/1 mice protects against collagen-induced arthritis by stimulating TGF-beta- and IL-4-producing regulatory CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6280 | 18703465 | Recently, it has been demonstrated that interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an IL-7-like cytokine, is essential for evoking T(h)2 responses in allergy. |
| 6281 | 18703465 | We demonstrated that BCG redirects TSLP-DCs away from inducing inflammatory T(h)2 cells that produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and toward regulatory T(h)1 cells that produce IFN-gamma and IL-10. |
| 6282 | 18703465 | We also demonstrated that this functional alteration of TSLP-DCs by BCG depended on both production of IL-12 from DCs and down-regulation of OX40 ligand, a member of the TNF family, on DCs. |
| 6283 | 18716452 | Using these samples, RT-PCR and ELISA analysis were carried out for the comparative study of the cytokines, including TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12. |
| 6284 | 18716452 | In the Pohang-infected mice at 120 h, the liver showed a 53 times higher level of TNF-alpha and a 42 times higher level of IFN-gamma than the respective levels at the early time points after infection. |
| 6285 | 18716452 | The levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induced by LVS were 5 times lower than those induced by the Pohang isolate. |
| 6286 | 18716452 | Also, the organs from the Pohang-infected mice showed higher levels of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-12 than the levels in the LVS-infected mice. |
| 6287 | 18716452 | The blood from the Pohang-infected mice at 120 h revealed about a 40 times increased level of IFN-gamma, and IL-10 was also increased by 4 times at 96 h compared to an early infection time point, while IL-4 was not induced during the whole infection period. |
| 6288 | 18716452 | Using these samples, RT-PCR and ELISA analysis were carried out for the comparative study of the cytokines, including TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12. |
| 6289 | 18716452 | In the Pohang-infected mice at 120 h, the liver showed a 53 times higher level of TNF-alpha and a 42 times higher level of IFN-gamma than the respective levels at the early time points after infection. |
| 6290 | 18716452 | The levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induced by LVS were 5 times lower than those induced by the Pohang isolate. |
| 6291 | 18716452 | Also, the organs from the Pohang-infected mice showed higher levels of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-12 than the levels in the LVS-infected mice. |
| 6292 | 18716452 | The blood from the Pohang-infected mice at 120 h revealed about a 40 times increased level of IFN-gamma, and IL-10 was also increased by 4 times at 96 h compared to an early infection time point, while IL-4 was not induced during the whole infection period. |
| 6293 | 18719176 | Immunization with either DNA construct induced a significant number of CD8+-type T cells and a strong Th1-type response, with high gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and low interleukin-4 responses. |
| 6294 | 18751727 | Effect of dose and route of inoculation on the generation of CD4+ Th1/Th2 type of immune response in murine visceral leishmaniasis. |
| 6295 | 18751727 | A potential vaccine candidate for visceral leishmaniasis should favour the development of CD4+ Th1 type of immune response which is further dependent on the dose of antigen and the route of inoculation. |
| 6296 | 18751727 | The present study was carried out to check the effective dose (low, medium and high) and route (subcutaneous, intradermal, intraperitoneal and intracardiac) of inoculation for the development of a CD4+ Th1 type of immune response in BALB/c mice. |
| 6297 | 18751727 | Low-dose inoculation with subcutaneous route elicited maximum IFN-gamma levels, which points towards the generation of Th1 response. |
| 6298 | 18751727 | Maximum IL-4 and IL-10 levels were detected in high-dose inoculation through intracardiac route suggesting the development of Th2 response. |
| 6299 | 18761388 | Through the assay of the amount of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 in the serum, swine immunized with the fusion protein increased IFN-gamma in the serum which showed that M.T hsp70 potentiated Th1 immune response. |
| 6300 | 18772925 | Lactococcus lactis NZ administered orally stimulated the IgA cycle, increased IgA+ cells in intestine and bronchus, and improved production of BAL IL-4 and IL-10 during infection. |
| 6301 | 18791167 | We reported previously that administration of MIP-1alpha mobilized a population of F4/80(-)B220(-)CD11c+ DC precursors into peripheral blood by the expression of CCR1 and CCR5. |
| 6302 | 18791167 | In this study, we identified a new subset of CCR6+CCR1(-)CCR5(-)B220(-)CD11c(+) cells in MIP-1alpha-administered mice. |
| 6303 | 18791167 | When cultured with GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-alpha, these cells differentiated into mature DCs, possessing the typical morphologic characteristics, phenotypes, and antigen-presenting function (termed CCR6+ DC precursors). |
| 6304 | 18791167 | Taken together, this study further demonstrates the mechanism of DC precursor mobilization induced by MIP-1alpha; that is, besides mobilizing DC precursors with CCR1 and CCR5 expressions, MIP-1alpha recruited F4/80+CD11c(-) monocyte/macrophage-producing MIP-3alpha, which finally mobilized the CCR6+ DC precursor subset to amplify the B220(-)CD11c+ DC precursor population. |
| 6305 | 18793758 | The monocytes were then cultured in a closed system using gas permeable Vuelife fluoroethylene propylene (FEP) bags and X-vivo-15 media containing 10 ng/ml granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor (GM-CSF) and 5 ng/ml Interleukin (IL) 4. |
| 6306 | 18802458 | A critical role of interleukin (IL)-17A was demonstrated: mice lacking interferon-gamma or IL-4 were protected, but not mice lacking IL-17A receptor or mice with neutrophil depletion. |
| 6307 | 18809450 | Immunisation of mice with spores that co-expressed LLO with Protective Antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis generated an increase in IgG2a against PA, toxin-neutralising activity coupled with specific IFN-gamma and IL-12 (and reduced IL-4) responses of splenocytes, both indicative of an enhanced Th1 response. |
| 6308 | 18809757 | Clinical responses were significantly associated with a reduction in CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells, an increase in CD3(-)CD56(dim)CD16(+) natural killer (NK) cells, and maturation of lymphocytes to the effector memory stage in either postvaccination peripheral blood or tumor specimen samples. |
| 6309 | 18809757 | In one HLA-A*0201(+) patient who achieved CR, IL-4 release by circulating T cells in response to tumor-specific IgH-encoded peptides was also documented. |
| 6310 | 18810669 | In this study, DCs isolated from peripheral blood monocytes of three pediatric patients with advanced (stage IV) NPC were incubated with whole-tumor-antigen preparations and differentiated into immature DCs in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4, and then underwent maturation when exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 6311 | 18813280 | Mice immunized with these dual-delivery carriers demonstrated a significant "switch" toward Th1 response as evidenced by increase in interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production and decrease in IL-4 production by CD4+ T cells. |
| 6312 | 18815231 | Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-12, and low levels of IL-13 and IL-5 but no IL-4 were secreted into the culture supernatant of cord blood mononuclear cells. |
| 6313 | 18815231 | Intracellular staining showed that IL-10 and IL-12 were produced by monocytes and that IFN-gamma was produced by natural killer (NK) cells but not by CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells. |
| 6314 | 18815231 | In contrast, in the peripheral blood samples collected from babies 13 weeks post-BCG vaccination, IFN-gamma was detected within CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells. |
| 6315 | 18819411 | Influence of immunomodulator of bacterial origin - purified staphylococcal toxoid (PST) - on the synthesisof proinlammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IFN-gamma) and anti-inflammatory (IL- 10) cytokines, as well as cytokines directing the immune response to Th1 (IL-12) or Th2 (IL-4) type was studied in mice. |
| 6316 | 18819411 | Synthesis of several serum interleukins (IL-2, IL-10) did not changed 4 and 24 hours after inoculation irrespective from dose of PST. |
| 6317 | 18819411 | For example, increase of number of cells secreting antibodies to sheep erythrocytes was registered both during increased synthesis of cytokines (4 hours, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12) and during period of its depression (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma), as well as during stable production of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma). |
| 6318 | 18827187 | The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-2) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), in addition to those of IL-6, were assessed on days 1, 3, and 5 postinfection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the ratios of proinflammatory cytokines to anti-inflammatory cytokines were calculated. |
| 6319 | 18827195 | Throughout the infection (until 120 days), we monitored outcome (CFU), molecules involved in the development of immunoregulation (Foxp3, hemoxygenase 1, idoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-beta]), and indicators of cytokine balance (tumor necrosis factor, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-4 [IL-4], and IL-4delta2; an inhibitory splice variant of IL-4 associated with improved outcome in human TB). |
| 6320 | 18827195 | Oral M. vaccae had a significant effect on CFU and led to increased expression of Th1 markers and of IL-4delta2, while suppressing IL-4, Foxp3, and TGF-beta. |
| 6321 | 18827195 | Throughout the infection (until 120 days), we monitored outcome (CFU), molecules involved in the development of immunoregulation (Foxp3, hemoxygenase 1, idoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-beta]), and indicators of cytokine balance (tumor necrosis factor, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-4 [IL-4], and IL-4delta2; an inhibitory splice variant of IL-4 associated with improved outcome in human TB). |
| 6322 | 18827195 | Oral M. vaccae had a significant effect on CFU and led to increased expression of Th1 markers and of IL-4delta2, while suppressing IL-4, Foxp3, and TGF-beta. |
| 6323 | 18829103 | For example, DCs cultured on collagen and vitronectin substrates generate higher levels of IL-12p40, whereas DCs cultured on albumin and serum-coated tissue culture-treated substrates produce the higher levels of IL-10 compared to other substrates. |
| 6324 | 18829103 | Specifically, we show that substrate-dependent modulation of DC IL-12p40 cytokine production correlates with CD4(+) T-cell proliferation and T(h)1 type response in terms of IFN-gamma producing T-helper cells. |
| 6325 | 18829103 | Furthermore, our results suggest substrate-dependent trends in DC-mediated stimulation of IL-4 producing T-cells, but this T(h)2 type response is not dependent on DC production of IL-10 cytokine. |
| 6326 | 18838173 | Recent data indicate CD4+ lymphocytes are required for effective protection against disease; in particular, cross talk between CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes must be functional. |
| 6327 | 18838173 | Interferon (IFN) gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 expressing CD4+ lymphocytes significantly increased 14 days following initial vaccination compared to unvaccinated horses (P<0.05). |
| 6328 | 18838173 | IFN-gamma expressing CD8+ lymphocytes also increased and remained elevated for 110 days. |
| 6329 | 18838173 | Our data indicate that WNV vaccination with an inactivated product effectively induced an antigen-specific antibody responses, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte activation. |
| 6330 | 18923431 | Combining information from previous studies on AEs related to smallpox vaccination with the genetic and proteomic attributes identified by RF, we built a comprehensive model of AE development that includes the cytokines intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1 or CD54), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and colony stimulating factor-3 (CSF-3 or G-CSF) and a genetic polymorphism in the cytokine gene interleukin-4 (IL4). |
| 6331 | 18923553 | The presence of both IgG1 and IgG2a anti-PppA antibodies in serum and BAL and the production of both interferon gamma and interleukin-4 by spleen cells from immunized mice indicated that L. lactis PppA+ stimulated a mixture of Th1 and Th2 responses. |
| 6332 | 18941225 | Furthermore, LC16mOrVV-N-immunized mice upon infection exhibited significant up-regulation of both Th1 (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) cytokines and down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-beta), resulting in robust infiltration of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes into the lung, as well as thickening of the alveolar epithelium. |
| 6333 | 18971305 | Influence of interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-4, and IL-6 polymorphisms on genetic susceptibility to chronic osteomyelitis. |
| 6334 | 18971305 | Significant genotypic and allelic associations were observed between interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) -889-C/T, IL-4 -1098-G/T and -590-C/T, and IL-6 -174-G/C polymorphisms and osteomyelitis in the Greek population, pointing towards their potential involvement in osteomyelitis pathogenesis. |
| 6335 | 18971305 | Influence of interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-4, and IL-6 polymorphisms on genetic susceptibility to chronic osteomyelitis. |
| 6336 | 18971305 | Significant genotypic and allelic associations were observed between interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) -889-C/T, IL-4 -1098-G/T and -590-C/T, and IL-6 -174-G/C polymorphisms and osteomyelitis in the Greek population, pointing towards their potential involvement in osteomyelitis pathogenesis. |
| 6337 | 18981522 | Hamsters were immunized with killed L. interrogans serovar Autumnalis before challenge to study cytokine mRNA expression levels (interferon [IFN]-gamma, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, interleukin [IL]-10, and IL-4). |
| 6338 | 18981522 | IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha mRNA expression levels correlated with the severity of infection and lung pathology, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 expression levels were significantly higher in vaccinated groups. |
| 6339 | 18981522 | Hamsters were immunized with killed L. interrogans serovar Autumnalis before challenge to study cytokine mRNA expression levels (interferon [IFN]-gamma, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, interleukin [IL]-10, and IL-4). |
| 6340 | 18981522 | IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha mRNA expression levels correlated with the severity of infection and lung pathology, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 expression levels were significantly higher in vaccinated groups. |
| 6341 | 18982519 | Simultaneous estimation of cytokines (IL-4, IFN-gamma) was also carried out. |
| 6342 | 18988742 | Interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 reciprocally regulate CD8 expression in CD8+ T cells. |
| 6343 | 18988742 | Here we show that IFN-gamma and IL-4 exert opposing effects on the expression of CD8alpha mRNA and surface CD8 protein during CD8(+) T cell activation. |
| 6344 | 18988742 | IL-4 caused down-regulation of surface CD8 on ovalbumin (OVA)(257-264)-specific TCR-transgenic OT-I CD8(+) T cells activated with OVA(257-264)-coated antigen presenting cells or polyclonal stimuli, and on wild type CD8(+) T cells activated with polyclonal stimuli. |
| 6345 | 18988742 | When WT or IFN-gamma-deficient OT-I CD8(+) T cells were analyzed 9 days after co-injection with control or IL-4-expressing OVA(+) tumor cells into RAG-2(-/-)gamma c(-/-) mice, CD8 levels were highest on WT donor cells from mice that received the control tumor and lowest on IFN-gamma-deficient donor cells from mice that received the IL-4-expressing tumor. |
| 6346 | 18988742 | The data reveal an unexpected role for IFN-gamma in tuning the CD8 co-receptor during primary CD8(+) T cell activation both in vitro and in vivo. |
| 6347 | 18988742 | Interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 reciprocally regulate CD8 expression in CD8+ T cells. |
| 6348 | 18988742 | Here we show that IFN-gamma and IL-4 exert opposing effects on the expression of CD8alpha mRNA and surface CD8 protein during CD8(+) T cell activation. |
| 6349 | 18988742 | IL-4 caused down-regulation of surface CD8 on ovalbumin (OVA)(257-264)-specific TCR-transgenic OT-I CD8(+) T cells activated with OVA(257-264)-coated antigen presenting cells or polyclonal stimuli, and on wild type CD8(+) T cells activated with polyclonal stimuli. |
| 6350 | 18988742 | When WT or IFN-gamma-deficient OT-I CD8(+) T cells were analyzed 9 days after co-injection with control or IL-4-expressing OVA(+) tumor cells into RAG-2(-/-)gamma c(-/-) mice, CD8 levels were highest on WT donor cells from mice that received the control tumor and lowest on IFN-gamma-deficient donor cells from mice that received the IL-4-expressing tumor. |
| 6351 | 18988742 | The data reveal an unexpected role for IFN-gamma in tuning the CD8 co-receptor during primary CD8(+) T cell activation both in vitro and in vivo. |
| 6352 | 18988742 | Interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 reciprocally regulate CD8 expression in CD8+ T cells. |
| 6353 | 18988742 | Here we show that IFN-gamma and IL-4 exert opposing effects on the expression of CD8alpha mRNA and surface CD8 protein during CD8(+) T cell activation. |
| 6354 | 18988742 | IL-4 caused down-regulation of surface CD8 on ovalbumin (OVA)(257-264)-specific TCR-transgenic OT-I CD8(+) T cells activated with OVA(257-264)-coated antigen presenting cells or polyclonal stimuli, and on wild type CD8(+) T cells activated with polyclonal stimuli. |
| 6355 | 18988742 | When WT or IFN-gamma-deficient OT-I CD8(+) T cells were analyzed 9 days after co-injection with control or IL-4-expressing OVA(+) tumor cells into RAG-2(-/-)gamma c(-/-) mice, CD8 levels were highest on WT donor cells from mice that received the control tumor and lowest on IFN-gamma-deficient donor cells from mice that received the IL-4-expressing tumor. |
| 6356 | 18988742 | The data reveal an unexpected role for IFN-gamma in tuning the CD8 co-receptor during primary CD8(+) T cell activation both in vitro and in vivo. |
| 6357 | 18988742 | Interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 reciprocally regulate CD8 expression in CD8+ T cells. |
| 6358 | 18988742 | Here we show that IFN-gamma and IL-4 exert opposing effects on the expression of CD8alpha mRNA and surface CD8 protein during CD8(+) T cell activation. |
| 6359 | 18988742 | IL-4 caused down-regulation of surface CD8 on ovalbumin (OVA)(257-264)-specific TCR-transgenic OT-I CD8(+) T cells activated with OVA(257-264)-coated antigen presenting cells or polyclonal stimuli, and on wild type CD8(+) T cells activated with polyclonal stimuli. |
| 6360 | 18988742 | When WT or IFN-gamma-deficient OT-I CD8(+) T cells were analyzed 9 days after co-injection with control or IL-4-expressing OVA(+) tumor cells into RAG-2(-/-)gamma c(-/-) mice, CD8 levels were highest on WT donor cells from mice that received the control tumor and lowest on IFN-gamma-deficient donor cells from mice that received the IL-4-expressing tumor. |
| 6361 | 18988742 | The data reveal an unexpected role for IFN-gamma in tuning the CD8 co-receptor during primary CD8(+) T cell activation both in vitro and in vivo. |
| 6362 | 18996429 | Immunization with antigen (sAg) encapsulated in saccharosome resulted in enhancement of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations and also up-regulated the expression of CD80 and CD86 molecules on the surface of antigen presenting cells. |
| 6363 | 18996429 | Further, immunization with saccharosome-encapsulated sAg-induced elevated levels of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokines in the immunized mice when compared to egg PC liposome encapsulated sAg or its IFA emulsified form. |
| 6364 | 19006834 | It was revealed that fractions of neutrophilokines regulate IL-2 synthesis by Th1-helpers, IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis by Th2-helpers and also expression of IL-2 receptors by immunocompetent cells. |
| 6365 | 19006832 | Serum concentrations of cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8) and antibody levels to influenza virus antigens were studied in adults vaccinated with split-vaccine against influenza. |
| 6366 | 19006832 | Study of cytokine profile showed absence of significant changes of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 levels and considerable variability of IL-6 and IL-8 baseline levels as well as their dynamics after vaccination. |
| 6367 | 19006832 | Direct correlation between IL-6 and IL-8 levels was observed during whole period post-immunization. |
| 6368 | 19006832 | Serum concentrations of cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8) and antibody levels to influenza virus antigens were studied in adults vaccinated with split-vaccine against influenza. |
| 6369 | 19006832 | Study of cytokine profile showed absence of significant changes of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 levels and considerable variability of IL-6 and IL-8 baseline levels as well as their dynamics after vaccination. |
| 6370 | 19006832 | Direct correlation between IL-6 and IL-8 levels was observed during whole period post-immunization. |
| 6371 | 19008134 | Furthermore, the highest levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma and IL-4 were induced following priming with the DNA vaccine and boosting with the recombinant protein. |
| 6372 | 19020105 | The lymphoproliferative and cytokine responses (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were assessed for 11 HIV-seropositive, Cryptosporidium-positive (group I) patients; 20 HIV-seropositive, Cryptosporidium-negative (group II) patients; 10 HIV-seronegative, Cryptosporidium-positive (group III) patients, including four post-renal transplant (group IIIa) and 6 presumably immunocompetent (group IIIb) patients; and 20 HIV-seronegative, Cryptosporidium-negative healthy individuals (group IV). |
| 6373 | 19022317 | Our results indicate that both liposomes and microspheres prove to be better adjuvants compared to conventional alum as revealed by enhanced antibody titers, lymphocyte proliferation and significant enhancement in both Th1(IL-12, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines. |
| 6374 | 19023533 | The mice given CIA07 plus alum also showed a marked increase in the number of IFN-gamma-, IL-2-, and IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells among their splenocytes. |
| 6375 | 19042022 | However, upon immunization, the H164V APL considerably downregulated proliferation and cytokine responses to the wild type LACK 161-175 peptide, while immunization with the weak agonist, MHC contact APL S171K, increased the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio to the wild type peptide. |
| 6376 | 19054565 | Proliferation in 5-day assays was carried out via tritiated-thymidine incorporation, while IL4 and IFNgamma production was assessed via sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests (ELISA) of TCL culture supernatants. |
| 6377 | 19054578 | In this study, we evaluated the patterns of TLR2-, TLR3- and TLR9-expressing antigen presenting cells (APCs) in spleen and blood of gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs after colonization with a mixture of two strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri or infection with the virulent human rotavirus (HRV) Wa strain. |
| 6378 | 19054578 | We demonstrated that LAB induced strong TLR2-expressing APC responses in blood and spleen, HRV induced a TLR3 response in spleen, and TLR9 responses were induced by either HRV (in spleen) or LAB (in blood). |
| 6379 | 19054578 | LAB and HRV have an additive effect on TLR2- and TLR9-expressing APC responses, consistent with the adjuvant effect of LAB. |
| 6380 | 19054578 | LAB enhanced the IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses in serum, but it had a suppressive effect on the TLR3- and TLR9-expressing CD14- APC responses in spleen and the serum IFN-alpha response induced by HRV. |
| 6381 | 19054578 | These results elucidated the systemic TLR2-, TLR3-, and TLR9-expressing monocyte/macrophage and cDC responses after HRV infection, LAB colonization, and the two combined. |
| 6382 | 19054933 | RT-PCR revealed that all allergen-treated mice had marked increase of IL-13, IL-4 and TNF-alpha gene expressions, slight increase of IL-5 gene expression, and absence of detectable IFN-gamma gene expression in comparison to the non-allergenic controls. |
| 6383 | 19070639 | Moreover, the fusion of HSP70 markedly induced both IFN-gamma and IL-4 in pigs' sera. |
| 6384 | 19070678 | Our results demonstrate that immunization with LigB produced strong humoral immune responses as revealed by high titers against each fragment and significant enhancement in Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). |
| 6385 | 19091870 | Higher CS also correlated with higher levels of mRNAs for PD-1, CD4, CD8, F4/80, interleukin-4, gamma interferon, granzyme A, and granzyme B in both cornea and TG. |
| 6386 | 19091870 | These results suggest that (i) the immunopathology induced by HSV-1 infection does not correlate with primary virus replication in the eye; (ii) increased CS appears to correlate with increased latency in the TG, although the possible cause-and-effect relationship is not known; and (iii) increased latency in mouse TG correlates with higher levels of PD-1 mRNA, suggesting exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. |
| 6387 | 19095381 | Statistical analysis of qRT-PCR data revealed that four genes, complement component C3, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and RANTES were downregulated in infected animals (P<0.05). |
| 6388 | 19095381 | The mRNA levels of IFN-gamma and C3 showed a peak (>15-fold increase) at 5 wpi, whereas transcripts for RANTES and IL-4 showed a peak (>2-fold increase) at 13 wpi in BCG-immunized animals when compared to non-immunized controls. |
| 6389 | 19095381 | Statistical analysis of qRT-PCR data revealed that four genes, complement component C3, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and RANTES were downregulated in infected animals (P<0.05). |
| 6390 | 19095381 | The mRNA levels of IFN-gamma and C3 showed a peak (>15-fold increase) at 5 wpi, whereas transcripts for RANTES and IL-4 showed a peak (>2-fold increase) at 13 wpi in BCG-immunized animals when compared to non-immunized controls. |
| 6391 | 19103226 | PBMCs from the BT-PrV-gB-N-term groups, isolated after the peptide boost injection, produced IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNAs in vitro when stimulated with FMDV peptides. |
| 6392 | 19110023 | Our data identified distinct immunological profiles elicited by Leishvaccine and Leishmune, with the Leishvaccine triggering a mixed, IFN-gamma and IL-4, cytokine pattern in addition to high levels of anti-Leishmania IgG1, whereas the Leishmune induced an immunological pattern characterized by enhanced levels of IFN-gamma, NO and anti-Leishmania chagasi IgG2. |
| 6393 | 19110625 | With the perspective of bioengineering DCs from the inside-out, we also describe a one-hit LV transduction method for constitutive expression of GM-CSF and IL-4 genes, which allows self-differentiation of mouse and human hematopoietic precursor cells into highly viable and potent DCs. |
| 6394 | 19111573 | A construct coding for the complete Phl p 5 induced T-cell activation, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production. |
| 6395 | 19116444 | and IL-4 production than other constructs, except IL-2 production. |
| 6396 | 19124761 | Harvested early, these cells produced IFN-gamma, TNF, and RANTES after ex vivo stimulation. |
| 6397 | 19124761 | By contrast, those recruited 5 days after challenge made IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. |
| 6398 | 19129466 | Among the patients with active TB, we found (i) normal to slightly elevated peripheral CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell counts but a significant reduction in the number of NK cells; (ii) CD4(+) T cells were the major cell type producing IFN-gamma, a type 1 cytokine; (iii) small percentages of CD8(+) T cells were also primed for IFN-gamma production; (iv) the production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), a type 2 cytokine, was not prominent; and (v) the sensitivity and the specificity of the QFT-G assay were 88.2% and 18%, respectively, and those of the ICC assay were 94.1% and 36.4%, respectively. |
| 6399 | 19139565 | By contrast, TLR9 was not highly expressed by naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ Treg or by Th1 and Th2 effector cells. |
| 6400 | 19139565 | Furthermore, ingestion of calcitriol (1alpha25VitD3) by human volunteers led to an increase of both IL-10 and TLR9 expression by CD3+CD4+ T cells analyzed directly ex vivo. |
| 6401 | 19139565 | Stimulation of 1alpha25VitD3-induced IL-10-secreting Treg with TLR9 agonists, CpG oligonucleotides, resulted in decreased IL-10 and IFN-gamma synthesis and a concurrent loss of regulatory function, but, unexpectedly, increased IL-4 synthesis. |
| 6402 | 19145371 | The serum concentration of IFN-gamma decreased about 2-fold 1.5-2.0 years after the start of vaccine therapy, whereas the concentration of IL-4 increased 2-3 fold. |
| 6403 | 19150742 | In vitro stimulation of splenocytes from vaccinated mice with either recombinant IF3 (rIF3) or crude Brucella protein extracts resulted in a T-cell proliferative response and induction of interferon gamma secretion, but not interleukin-4. |
| 6404 | 19168736 | Again, mice vaccinated through the i.p. and i.v. routes showed high levels of NO production after challenge infection. s.c. vaccination resulted in an increased capacity of the spleen cells to produce prechallenge transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) levels during the in vitro antigen recall response, whereas i.p. immunization induced production of prechallenge gamma interferon, interleukin-12 (IL-12), and IL-4 levels, with a Th1 bias. |
| 6405 | 19181353 | However, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were expressed in significantly higher levels by survivors (for all the four cytokines in lymph nodes; for IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in spleen; for IL-4, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in lung, and only for TNF-alpha in brain), thus suggesting a role of these four cytokines in the adaptive response, which might contribute to protection against H. parasuis infection. |
| 6406 | 19188665 | Experimental tumor vaccination and adoptive T-cell therapies show that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing CD4(+) T helper cells (Th1) can be highly effective in tumor prevention and therapy. |
| 6407 | 19188665 | Th-cell priming against EpCAM inevitably resulted in interleukin-4 (IL-4)-dominated Th2 responses, even under most stringent Th1-inducing conditions. |
| 6408 | 19188665 | To analyze the role of IL-4 in tumor immune evasion, we generated EpCAM-reactive Th1 cells from IL-4.ko mice. |
| 6409 | 19188665 | Inhibition of tumor growth by Th1 cells resulted in intra-tumoral expression of cytokines of the IL-12 family and of IFN-gamma. |
| 6410 | 19188665 | Experimental tumor vaccination and adoptive T-cell therapies show that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing CD4(+) T helper cells (Th1) can be highly effective in tumor prevention and therapy. |
| 6411 | 19188665 | Th-cell priming against EpCAM inevitably resulted in interleukin-4 (IL-4)-dominated Th2 responses, even under most stringent Th1-inducing conditions. |
| 6412 | 19188665 | To analyze the role of IL-4 in tumor immune evasion, we generated EpCAM-reactive Th1 cells from IL-4.ko mice. |
| 6413 | 19188665 | Inhibition of tumor growth by Th1 cells resulted in intra-tumoral expression of cytokines of the IL-12 family and of IFN-gamma. |
| 6414 | 19191902 | Analysis of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue revealed that the suppression was associated with a shift from a Th2 response to a Th1 response. |
| 6415 | 19191902 | At the same time, rBCG induced a CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) T-cell subtype that could suppress the proliferation of Th2 effector cells in vitro in an antigen-specific manner. |
| 6416 | 19191902 | Moreover, suppression of CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells could be adoptively transferred. |
| 6417 | 19191902 | The generic immune response is associated with a shift from a Th2 to a Th1 cytokine response, whereas the specific immune response against Der p2 appears to be related to the expansion of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-producing CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. rBCG can suppress asthmatic airway inflammation through both immune deviation and immune suppression and may be a feasible, efficient immunotherapy for asthma. |
| 6418 | 19195490 | In vitro cell proliferation studies in the presence of GPI-attached PA63 peptides revealed that there was a clonal expansion of CD4(+) NK1.1(+) helper T cell population which rapidly produced IL-4 in response to T cell receptor ligation. |
| 6419 | 19195490 | In addition, the group pTPA.GPI-PA63 also displayed low magnitude MHC-II restricted (CD1d-independent) NKT cell and CD4(+) T cell helper responses in response to non-GPI attached PA63 peptides which overall resulted in the heightened responses seen for this group. |
| 6420 | 19204092 | Anti-PCM vaccine formulations based on the secreted fungal cell wall protein (gp43) or the derived P10 sequence containing a CD4(+) T-cell-specific epitope have shown promising results. |
| 6421 | 19204092 | BALB/c mice immunized with gp43 developed high-specific-serum immunoglobulin G1 responses and enhanced interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 levels. |
| 6422 | 19221745 | CD4(-)CD8(-) T cell clones display unconventional cytotoxicity and specifically kill tumor cells expressing mutated TGFbeta receptor II. |
| 6423 | 19221745 | Cytokine profiling on the long-term survivors demonstrates high IFN gamma/IL10-ratios, favoring immunity over tolerance, and secretion of multiple chemokines likely to mobilize the innate and adaptive immune system. |
| 6424 | 19221745 | Most IFN gamma(high)/IL4(low)/IL10(low) cultures include high concentrations of hallmark Th2-cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. |
| 6425 | 19248157 | Results showed that specific T lymphocyte proliferation and the expression of the Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were higher in the gp120N-IFN-gamma group than the other two groups (P < 0.05). |
| 6426 | 19248157 | No difference was observed in the expression levels of the Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10; P > 0.05). |
| 6427 | 19252490 | Using an interleukin 4-reporter system, we show here that CD4(+) follicular helper T cells constituted essentially all of the cytokine-secreting T cells in lymph nodes and were functionally distinct from T cells secreting the same cytokine in peripheral tissues. |
| 6428 | 19261771 | CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), and T-cell receptor gammadelta-positive (gammadelta(+)) cells were identified in the gate of blast lymphocytes. |
| 6429 | 19261771 | Gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10 levels in supernatants and serum anti-PT IgG levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 6430 | 19261771 | The frequencies of proliferating CD4(+), CD8(+), and gammadelta(+) cells, cytokine concentrations in supernatants, and the geometric mean titers of anti-PT IgG were similar for the two vaccination groups. |
| 6431 | 19291915 | Blast cells of two relapsed AML patients were harvested for DC generation in serum-free culture medium containing clinical-grade cytokines GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-alpha. |
| 6432 | 19291915 | These DC vaccines exhibited mature DC surface phenotypic markers of CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR, and negative for haemopoietic markers. |
| 6433 | 19292768 | The Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 drive this response, whereas IL-10, IL13Ralpha2, IFN-gamma and a subset of regulatory T-cells act to limit schistosome induced pathology. |
| 6434 | 19303121 | Using real-time PCR quantification assay, expression of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p40, IFNgamma); Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) and inflammatory (IL-6, TNFalpha) cytokines were quantified weekly for the entire three-week duration of the experiment. |
| 6435 | 19303121 | It was noted that IFNgamma, IL-10 and TNFalpha had peaked on week three post-vaccination while the remaining cytokines peaked on the second week and decreased by the third week. |
| 6436 | 19303121 | The counteraction between IFNgamma and IL-4 was noted as well as the possible suppressive action of IL-10 to that of IL-2 and IL-12, which is a common phenomenon between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. |
| 6437 | 19303121 | Synergy between TNFa and IL-6 was also observed. |
| 6438 | 19303121 | Using real-time PCR quantification assay, expression of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p40, IFNgamma); Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) and inflammatory (IL-6, TNFalpha) cytokines were quantified weekly for the entire three-week duration of the experiment. |
| 6439 | 19303121 | It was noted that IFNgamma, IL-10 and TNFalpha had peaked on week three post-vaccination while the remaining cytokines peaked on the second week and decreased by the third week. |
| 6440 | 19303121 | The counteraction between IFNgamma and IL-4 was noted as well as the possible suppressive action of IL-10 to that of IL-2 and IL-12, which is a common phenomenon between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. |
| 6441 | 19303121 | Synergy between TNFa and IL-6 was also observed. |
| 6442 | 19307173 | The mRNA expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) was determined using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay. |
| 6443 | 19307173 | GGS altered the expression of IL-4 and IL-12 in T lymphocytes. |
| 6444 | 19307173 | The mRNA expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) was determined using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay. |
| 6445 | 19307173 | GGS altered the expression of IL-4 and IL-12 in T lymphocytes. |
| 6446 | 19338001 | Our results have revealed an unexpected dichotomy in the effector phase following cancer vaccination where anti-tumor immunity is mediated via a STAT6 and IL-4-dependent pathway, whereas autoimmune pathology is mediated via STAT4 through a mechanism that relies partially on IFN-gamma. |
| 6447 | 19342965 | Immature dendritic cells (iDCs) are often produced by the stimulation of peripheral blood monocytes with interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. |
| 6448 | 19342965 | The purpose of this study was to determine if the DC maturation cocktail LPS plus IFN-gamma could be improved by the addition of 2 other DC maturation agents IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. |
| 6449 | 19342965 | Monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cell concentrates by elutriation and were incubated for 3 days with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and IL-4 to produce iDCs. iDCs from each subject were divided into 3 and were incubated for 24 hours with LPS plus IFN-gamma; LPS, IFN-gamma, plus IL-1beta; or LPS, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, plus TNF-alpha to produce mDCs. |
| 6450 | 19342965 | The DCs were compared by measuring the expression of costimulator and antigen presenting molecules (CD80, CD83, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen-DR) by flow cytometry, cytokine production (IL-12p70 and IL-10) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and global gene expression using an oligonucleotide microarray. |
| 6451 | 19342965 | There was no benefit of adding IL-1beta and TNF-alpha to LPS and IFN-gamma to produce mDCs. |
| 6452 | 19342965 | Immature dendritic cells (iDCs) are often produced by the stimulation of peripheral blood monocytes with interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. |
| 6453 | 19342965 | The purpose of this study was to determine if the DC maturation cocktail LPS plus IFN-gamma could be improved by the addition of 2 other DC maturation agents IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. |
| 6454 | 19342965 | Monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cell concentrates by elutriation and were incubated for 3 days with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and IL-4 to produce iDCs. iDCs from each subject were divided into 3 and were incubated for 24 hours with LPS plus IFN-gamma; LPS, IFN-gamma, plus IL-1beta; or LPS, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, plus TNF-alpha to produce mDCs. |
| 6455 | 19342965 | The DCs were compared by measuring the expression of costimulator and antigen presenting molecules (CD80, CD83, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen-DR) by flow cytometry, cytokine production (IL-12p70 and IL-10) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and global gene expression using an oligonucleotide microarray. |
| 6456 | 19342965 | There was no benefit of adding IL-1beta and TNF-alpha to LPS and IFN-gamma to produce mDCs. |
| 6457 | 19350415 | The cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma were produced in mice of Group 1. |
| 6458 | 19352703 | The results revealed that cytokine production by CD4(+) T cells was induced as early as 5 days after infection and the maintenance of higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 may be associated with the protection of BALB/c mice from early death. |
| 6459 | 19393709 | Moreover, the use of MPLA and Al(OH)(3) combination led to the induction of the highest IgG levels together with the secretion of both IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 6460 | 19406102 | TNF superfamily member, TL1A, is a potential mucosal vaccine adjuvant. |
| 6461 | 19406102 | Among the TNFS cytokines, intranasal immunization with OVA plus APRIL, TL1A, and TNF-alpha exhibited stronger immune response than those immunized with OVA alone. |
| 6462 | 19406102 | The OVA-specific immune response of TL1A was characterized by high levels of serum IgG1 and increased production of IL-4 and IL-5 from splenocytes of immunized mice, suggesting that TL1A might induce Th2-type responses. |
| 6463 | 19410625 | The histopathological staging and collagen assessment for fibrosis showed that the cocktail PDDV presented an obvious down-regulation effect on hepatic fibrosis caused by chronic S. japonicum infection (P<0.05), and IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-13 mRNAs in liver detected by RT-PCR also showed that the cocktail PDDV represented the ability to up-regulate Th1-type responses, which paralleled with a decrease expression of alpha-SMA (P<0.05) and the up-regulated MMP9/TIMP1 balance (P<0.05) when compared to the control groups. |
| 6464 | 19410625 | Therefore, it is indicated that the cocktail PDDV can significantly attenuate hepatic fibrosis, in parallel with the decreased HSCs activation and the up-regulated MMP9/TIMP1 balance in favor of matrix degradation, which may be partially dependent on the increased Th1 response to restore the Th1/Th2 balance. |
| 6465 | 19414765 | PI cytokines also induced significant production of effector cytokines, including IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-17, and IL-21, by both young and aged CD4 T cells. |
| 6466 | 19428861 | Cells from mice inoculated with killed parasites produced significantly more antigen-specific IL-4 and less IFN-gamma than those from mice injected with live parasites. |
| 6467 | 19428861 | Inclusion of CpG ODN into killed parasite preparations changed the early response to killed parasites from IL-4 to a predominantly IFN-gamma response, resulting in better protection following secondary high dose virulent L. major challenge. |
| 6468 | 19428861 | Cells from mice inoculated with killed parasites produced significantly more antigen-specific IL-4 and less IFN-gamma than those from mice injected with live parasites. |
| 6469 | 19428861 | Inclusion of CpG ODN into killed parasite preparations changed the early response to killed parasites from IL-4 to a predominantly IFN-gamma response, resulting in better protection following secondary high dose virulent L. major challenge. |
| 6470 | 19428897 | Our results show that rPvRAP2 is immunogenic in both formulations, finding a trend of higher cytokine levels in immunized monkeys, specially in IL-4 levels (using Freund's adjuvant) and IL-5 (using Alum hydroxide). |
| 6471 | 19447110 | Of the dams, the groups receiving either recNcROP2 alone or the combination of all three antigens did not exhibit any morbidity, the groups receiving ROP2 mixed with either MIC1 or MIC3 exhibited reduced numbers of deaths, and in the infection control group and the adjuvant group 50% and 43% of mice, respectively, succumbed to disease. |
| 6472 | 19447110 | Serological analysis of humoral (total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a) and serum cytokine (IL-4 and IFN-gamma) responses showed that this effect was associated with a Th-2-biased immune response, with a clearly elevated IL-4/IFN-gamma ratio in the mice receiving all three antigens in combination. |
| 6473 | 19484809 | Further, there was an appreciable increase in interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 production in lymphocytes isolated from immunized mice as compared with control. |
| 6474 | 19501551 | Moreover, high levels of IL-4, IL-10 and anti-CD25 antibody were produced by splenocytes of vaccinated mice after CD25 protein restimulation in vitro. |
| 6475 | 19503834 | Analysis of the cytokine responses in immunized mice revealed that all the vaccinated groups produced prechallenge interferon-gamma, interleukin-12 and interleukin-4. |
| 6476 | 19523911 | During vaccination of rN protein, the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-10 was evidently up-regulated in splenocytes at different time points, while the expression of IL-2 and IL-4 was not. |
| 6477 | 19542458 | The efficacy was supported by a surge in inducible NO synthase, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 mRNA levels along with extreme down-regulation of TGF-beta, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 6478 | 19542471 | Specifically, we detect elevated levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of PVM-infected mice that were vaccinated with PVM Ags, but not among mice vaccinated with formalin-inactivated Ags from uninfected cells (control Ags). |
| 6479 | 19542471 | We found that eosinophil deficiency had no impact on virus titer in PVM Ag-vaccinated mice, nor on weight loss or levels of CCL11 (eotaxin-1), IFN-gamma, IL-5, or IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. |
| 6480 | 19542471 | However, levels of both IL-4 and CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were markedly diminished in PVM Ag-vaccinated, PVM-infected eosinophil-deficient mice when compared with wild-type controls. |
| 6481 | 19542471 | Specifically, we detect elevated levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of PVM-infected mice that were vaccinated with PVM Ags, but not among mice vaccinated with formalin-inactivated Ags from uninfected cells (control Ags). |
| 6482 | 19542471 | We found that eosinophil deficiency had no impact on virus titer in PVM Ag-vaccinated mice, nor on weight loss or levels of CCL11 (eotaxin-1), IFN-gamma, IL-5, or IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. |
| 6483 | 19542471 | However, levels of both IL-4 and CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were markedly diminished in PVM Ag-vaccinated, PVM-infected eosinophil-deficient mice when compared with wild-type controls. |
| 6484 | 19578511 | Human monocytes were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days under standard conditions, followed by another 2 days in the presence of M1, M4, T-cadinol or calamenene. |
| 6485 | 19578511 | The expression levels of CD1a, CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR on M1-primed DC, M4-primed DC, T-cadinol-primed DC and calamenene-primed DC were enhanced with a concomitant decrease in endocytic activity. |
| 6486 | 19578511 | Naïve T cells co-cultured with allogeneic M1-primed DC, M4-primed DC, T-cadinol-primed DC or calamenene-primed DC turned into typical Th1 cells, which produced large quantities of IFN-gamma and released small amounts of IL-4 depending on IL-12 secretion. |
| 6487 | 19578511 | In the CTL assay (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assay), the production of IFN-gamma and (51)Cr release on M4-primed DC was more augmented than of immature DC or TNF-alpha-primed DC. |
| 6488 | 19578511 | Human monocytes were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days under standard conditions, followed by another 2 days in the presence of M1, M4, T-cadinol or calamenene. |
| 6489 | 19578511 | The expression levels of CD1a, CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR on M1-primed DC, M4-primed DC, T-cadinol-primed DC and calamenene-primed DC were enhanced with a concomitant decrease in endocytic activity. |
| 6490 | 19578511 | Naïve T cells co-cultured with allogeneic M1-primed DC, M4-primed DC, T-cadinol-primed DC or calamenene-primed DC turned into typical Th1 cells, which produced large quantities of IFN-gamma and released small amounts of IL-4 depending on IL-12 secretion. |
| 6491 | 19578511 | In the CTL assay (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assay), the production of IFN-gamma and (51)Cr release on M4-primed DC was more augmented than of immature DC or TNF-alpha-primed DC. |
| 6492 | 19582753 | Immunisation route-dependent expression of IL-4/IL-13 can modulate HIV-specific CD8(+) CTL avidity. |
| 6493 | 19582753 | /i.m.) immunised CD8(+) T cells generated higher levels of IL-4/IL-13 compared to mucosal delivery and expression also correlated with i.m. |
| 6494 | 19582753 | Studies using IL-4(-/-) and IL-13(-/-) KO mice have shown that the capacity to express IFN-gamma, IL-4 and/or IL-13 by K(d)Gag(197-205)-specific CTL differed between these groups and was inversely correlated with CTL avidity (IL-13(-/-)>IL-4(-/-)>BALB/c), although no significant differences in the magnitude of CTL responses were observed between IL-13(-/-) and wild type mice. |
| 6495 | 19582753 | Furthermore, CCL5 expression in K(d)Gag(197-205)-specific CTL was also regulated by IL-4/IL-13. |
| 6496 | 19582753 | Immunisation route-dependent expression of IL-4/IL-13 can modulate HIV-specific CD8(+) CTL avidity. |
| 6497 | 19582753 | /i.m.) immunised CD8(+) T cells generated higher levels of IL-4/IL-13 compared to mucosal delivery and expression also correlated with i.m. |
| 6498 | 19582753 | Studies using IL-4(-/-) and IL-13(-/-) KO mice have shown that the capacity to express IFN-gamma, IL-4 and/or IL-13 by K(d)Gag(197-205)-specific CTL differed between these groups and was inversely correlated with CTL avidity (IL-13(-/-)>IL-4(-/-)>BALB/c), although no significant differences in the magnitude of CTL responses were observed between IL-13(-/-) and wild type mice. |
| 6499 | 19582753 | Furthermore, CCL5 expression in K(d)Gag(197-205)-specific CTL was also regulated by IL-4/IL-13. |
| 6500 | 19582753 | Immunisation route-dependent expression of IL-4/IL-13 can modulate HIV-specific CD8(+) CTL avidity. |
| 6501 | 19582753 | /i.m.) immunised CD8(+) T cells generated higher levels of IL-4/IL-13 compared to mucosal delivery and expression also correlated with i.m. |
| 6502 | 19582753 | Studies using IL-4(-/-) and IL-13(-/-) KO mice have shown that the capacity to express IFN-gamma, IL-4 and/or IL-13 by K(d)Gag(197-205)-specific CTL differed between these groups and was inversely correlated with CTL avidity (IL-13(-/-)>IL-4(-/-)>BALB/c), although no significant differences in the magnitude of CTL responses were observed between IL-13(-/-) and wild type mice. |
| 6503 | 19582753 | Furthermore, CCL5 expression in K(d)Gag(197-205)-specific CTL was also regulated by IL-4/IL-13. |
| 6504 | 19582753 | Immunisation route-dependent expression of IL-4/IL-13 can modulate HIV-specific CD8(+) CTL avidity. |
| 6505 | 19582753 | /i.m.) immunised CD8(+) T cells generated higher levels of IL-4/IL-13 compared to mucosal delivery and expression also correlated with i.m. |
| 6506 | 19582753 | Studies using IL-4(-/-) and IL-13(-/-) KO mice have shown that the capacity to express IFN-gamma, IL-4 and/or IL-13 by K(d)Gag(197-205)-specific CTL differed between these groups and was inversely correlated with CTL avidity (IL-13(-/-)>IL-4(-/-)>BALB/c), although no significant differences in the magnitude of CTL responses were observed between IL-13(-/-) and wild type mice. |
| 6507 | 19582753 | Furthermore, CCL5 expression in K(d)Gag(197-205)-specific CTL was also regulated by IL-4/IL-13. |
| 6508 | 19615870 | Evaluation of lesion development and splenic parasite burden after challenge with L. major, evaluation of Th1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) and Th2 cytokine (IL-4), and titration of IgG isotypes were carried out to assess the type of generated immune response and extent of protection. |
| 6509 | 19622401 | Production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) by splenocytes of the rAd-F0DeltaTM and rAd-F0 immunized mice was markedly lower than those released by animals administered with heat-inactivated RSV-B1 (HIRSV-B1). |
| 6510 | 19628058 | WSL enhanced Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma expression in Con A primed splenocytes in vitro. |
| 6511 | 19628058 | When given orally for 2 weeks to BALB/c mice immunized with emulsion of OVA in Freund's adjuvant (OVA-FCA), it caused dose-dependent proliferation of T cells and improved their ability to secrete IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but moderately down-regulated Th2 cytokine IL-4. |
| 6512 | 19628058 | Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte surface markers of T cells CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+), and B cells CD19(+) indicated prominent enhancement in proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes. |
| 6513 | 19628058 | Further, the effect of WSL in immunized mice elicited up-regulation of beta-integrins LFA (CD11a) and Mac-1 (CD11b) in splenocytes. |
| 6514 | 19628058 | Co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 that are important secondary signals for the activation of immune system elicited remarkable enhanced expression when observed in spleen-derived macrophages isolated from WSL treated mice. |
| 6515 | 19637624 | Compared with the control, the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 expression by splenic lymphocytes from mice immunized with pA and pEA were significantly increased. |
| 6516 | 19637624 | In addition, we found that the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 from the mice immunized with pEA was higher than mice immunized with pA did. |
| 6517 | 19637624 | Compared with the control, the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 expression by splenic lymphocytes from mice immunized with pA and pEA were significantly increased. |
| 6518 | 19637624 | In addition, we found that the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 from the mice immunized with pEA was higher than mice immunized with pA did. |
| 6519 | 19638322 | The immunization preferentially stimulates the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 in splenocytes which suggests a Th1 type response with a concomitant down-regulation of IL-10 and IL-4. |
| 6520 | 19649391 | All experimental groups (N = 10 mice per group) showed statistically significant increases in antigen-specific antibodies, in cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, as well as in the microscopic agglutination test and splenocyte proliferation compared with the pVAX1 control group. |
| 6521 | 19651872 | Circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-specific responses were detected in approximately half of RTS,S-immunized infants and included gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and combined IL-2/IL-4 responses. |
| 6522 | 19651872 | The median stimulation indices of cytokine-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were very low but significantly higher in RTS,S-immunized infants than in infants that received the comparator vaccine. |
| 6523 | 19651872 | Protection against subsequent malarial infection tended to be associated with a higher percentage of individuals with CSP-specific IL-2 in the supernatant (P = 0.053) and with higher CSP-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T-cell responses (P = 0.07). |
| 6524 | 19654068 | However, a mixed Th1/Th2 cell response was evidenced in BLG-reactivated splenocytes from mice intranasally pretreated, with enhanced secretions of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) whereas only production of Th1 cytokines, but not Th2 cytokines, was enhanced in BLG-reactivated splenocytes from mice orally pretreated. |
| 6525 | 19656994 | Bone-marrow derived DCs (BMDCs) were cultured in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. |
| 6526 | 19658096 | All individuals demonstrated stable IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4 ex vivo ELISPOT effector responses against P. falciparum-infected RBC (iRBC) Ag, 28 and 90 days after challenge. |
| 6527 | 19658096 | However, infected RBC-specific central memory responses, as measured by IFN-gamma cultured ELISPOT, were low and unstable over time, despite CD4(+) T cells being highly proliferative by CFSE dilution, and showed an inverse relationship to parasite density. |
| 6528 | 19658096 | This activity could not be accounted for by the expression of IL-10, TGF-beta, FOXP3 or CTLA-4, but proliferating T cells expressed high levels of CD95, indicating a pro-apoptotic phenotype. |
| 6529 | 19669608 | These cells were cultured with cytokines GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNFalpha to induce their maturation. |
| 6530 | 19669608 | Phenotypically, FACS analysis showed that they expressed high levels of MHC II, CD11b, CD80, and CD86 antigen, and were negative for CD8alpha. |
| 6531 | 19697061 | A rapid increase of activated cells (CD25(+), CD44(high), and CD62L(low)) and production of both interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 was found in spleens of both malaria-infected mouse strains. |
| 6532 | 19706340 | Naloxone can improve the anti-tumor immunity by reducing the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in BALB/c mice. |
| 6533 | 19706340 | Tumor and spleen CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes, cytotoxic activity of the splenocytes, IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion were assessed to describe the anti-tumor immune response. |
| 6534 | 19706340 | Our findings showed that co-administration of gp96 and naloxone has resulted in a significant reduction in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen. |
| 6535 | 19720368 | The results showed that the group immunized with pVAX-MIC6 developed a high level of specific antibody responses against T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA), a strong lymphoproliferative response, and significant levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 production, compared with the other groups immunized with empty plasmid or phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. |
| 6536 | 19725226 | RNA electroporated CD40 ligand-activated B cells can induce cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in vitro. |
| 6537 | 19725226 | C57BL/6 mouse spleen B cells were activated by anti-mouse CD40 antibody, recombinant interleukin-4, and cyclosporin A, and then electroporated with total RNA from Hepal-6 cells (Hepal-6 RNA-CD40mAb-B cells). |
| 6538 | 19729088 | Our results demonstrate that leptosome are better adjuvant than PC-liposomes as revealed by enhanced long term antibody response, lymphocyte proliferation and significant enhancement of both Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines. |
| 6539 | 19747578 | The PBMC mRNA levels of IL4, RANTES, C3, IFN-gamma and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) were analyzed at several days post-vaccination (dpi). |
| 6540 | 19752029 | The protection was associated with high levels of antigen-specific IFN-gamma and interleukin-17 (IL-17) and low IL-4 production. |
| 6541 | 19752029 | Moreover, different immunological parameters, such as IFN-gamma and IL-17 and tightly regulated IL-4 secretion, seem to contribute to the efficacy of this tuberculosis vaccine. |
| 6542 | 19752029 | The protection was associated with high levels of antigen-specific IFN-gamma and interleukin-17 (IL-17) and low IL-4 production. |
| 6543 | 19752029 | Moreover, different immunological parameters, such as IFN-gamma and IL-17 and tightly regulated IL-4 secretion, seem to contribute to the efficacy of this tuberculosis vaccine. |
| 6544 | 19768458 | Here, we report that a therapeutic whole cell vaccine formulated with IL-2 adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide as cytokine-depot formulation elicits potent antitumor immunity and induces delayed tumor growth, control of tumor dissemination and longer survival in mice challenged with A20-lymphoma. |
| 6545 | 19768458 | Therapeutic vaccination induced higher numbers of tumor's infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and NK cells), and the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by intratumoral CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6546 | 19768458 | Both the A20-derived antigenic material and the IL-2 depot formulation were required for induction of an effective immune response that impacted on cancer progression. |
| 6547 | 19768458 | All mice receiving any form of IL-2, either as part of the vaccine or alone as control, showed higher numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+/high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) in the tumor, which might have a role in tumor progression in these animals. |
| 6548 | 19777806 | And there was significant increase. of IFN-gamma and IL-4 contents in the supernatant of spleen cell culture in immunized group. |
| 6549 | 19789093 | Analysis of HBsAg-specific cytokines revealed that yeast-HBsAg is associated with production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4, but neither IFN-gamma nor IL-4 was detected in the HBsAg+alum-immunized group. |
| 6550 | 19819209 | Significant associations were observed between SNPs in the TNFalpha, IL-12B, IL-4Ralpha, and IL-10 genes and vaccine-specific immune responses (p<0.05). |
| 6551 | 19819209 | In addition, SNPs in the IL-1beta, TNFalpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-4Ralpha, and IL-12B genes were associated with variations in serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and IgG isotypes (IgG1-IgG3) (p<0.05). |
| 6552 | 19845795 | The self-antigen, thyroglobulin, induces antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells from healthy donors to proliferate and promote production of the regulatory cytokine, interleukin-10, by monocytes. |
| 6553 | 19845795 | Whereas TT induced pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2)/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/IL-4/IL-5], TG evoked persistent release of the regulatory IL-10. |
| 6554 | 19845795 | Some donors, however, also responded with late IFN-gamma production, suggesting that the regulation by IL-10 could be overridden. |
| 6555 | 19845795 | Although monocytes were prime producers of IL-10 in the early TG response, a few IL-10-secreting CD4(+) T cells, primarily with CD45RO(+) memory phenotype, were also detected. |
| 6556 | 19863224 | GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-8, IL-1b, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, MIP-1b, IP-10 and Eotaxin were analyzed in a multiplex assay with a Luminex 100 instrument. |
| 6557 | 19863224 | CEA and TIMP-1 were analysed on ELISA platforms. |
| 6558 | 19863224 | Patients achieving stable disease showed increasing levels of plasma GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-5. |
| 6559 | 19863224 | Patients with progressive disease showed significant increase in CEA and TIMP-1 levels, while patients with stable disease showed relatively unaltered levels. |
| 6560 | 19878357 | During the chronic infection, parasitism and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as interleukin (IL)-4+ and, mainly, interferon (IFN)-gamma+ cells were more elevated in the heart tissue of pfp(-/-) mice. |
| 6561 | 19878357 | Higher levels of circulating NO and anti-parasite immunoglobulin (Ig)G2c and IgG3, paralleled by a prominent frequency of IFN-gamma+ and IL-10+ splenocytes, were present in pfp(-/-)-infected mice. |
| 6562 | 19878357 | Further, perforin deficiency resulted in lower activity of creatine kinase-muscle brain isoform (CK-MB) isoenzyme in serum and a more restricted connexin 43 loss, both of which are markers of the cardiomyocyte lesion. |
| 6563 | 19906894 | The patient exhibited a decreased level of expression of Fc-gammaR in monocytes (CD16, CD32, and CD64), along with increased levels of NK T cells (an increased CD3(+) CD16(+/-) CD56(+/-)/CD3(+) ratio), activated T cells (CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells), and B lymphocytes. |
| 6564 | 19906894 | Enhanced levels of plasmatic cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-17, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) as well as an exacerbated ex vivo intracytoplasmic cytokine pattern, mainly observed within NK cells (gamma interferon positive [IFN-gamma(+)], tumor necrosis factor alpha positive [TNF-alpha(+)], and IL-4 positive [IL-4(+)]), CD8(+) T cells (IL-4(+) and IL-5(+)), and B lymphocytes (TNF-alpha(+), IL-4(+), and IL-10(+)). |
| 6565 | 19906894 | The analysis of CD4(+) T cells revealed a complex profile that consisted of an increased frequency of IL-12(+) and IFN-gamma(+) cells and a decreased percentage of TNF-alpha(+), IL-4(+), and IL-5(+) cells. |
| 6566 | 19906894 | The patient exhibited a decreased level of expression of Fc-gammaR in monocytes (CD16, CD32, and CD64), along with increased levels of NK T cells (an increased CD3(+) CD16(+/-) CD56(+/-)/CD3(+) ratio), activated T cells (CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells), and B lymphocytes. |
| 6567 | 19906894 | Enhanced levels of plasmatic cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-17, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) as well as an exacerbated ex vivo intracytoplasmic cytokine pattern, mainly observed within NK cells (gamma interferon positive [IFN-gamma(+)], tumor necrosis factor alpha positive [TNF-alpha(+)], and IL-4 positive [IL-4(+)]), CD8(+) T cells (IL-4(+) and IL-5(+)), and B lymphocytes (TNF-alpha(+), IL-4(+), and IL-10(+)). |
| 6568 | 19906894 | The analysis of CD4(+) T cells revealed a complex profile that consisted of an increased frequency of IL-12(+) and IFN-gamma(+) cells and a decreased percentage of TNF-alpha(+), IL-4(+), and IL-5(+) cells. |
| 6569 | 19923568 | The relationship between immune responses and disease severity within the PB group was investigated more closely; significant positive correlations were observed between disease severity and both the CD8(+) population in the circulating blood and the expression of interleukin-4 mRNA in antigen-stimulated blood samples ex vivo. |
| 6570 | 19930042 | Immunization of mice with these altered peptide ligands emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant induced both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) responses compared with only IFN-gamma responses induced to the native MBP(87-99) peptide. |
| 6571 | 19930042 | It was of interest that [R(91), A(96)]MBP(87-99) conjugated to reduced mannan induced 70% less IFN-gamma compared with the native MBP(87-99) peptide. |
| 6572 | 19930042 | However, [A(91), A(96)]MBP(87-99) conjugated to reduced mannan did not induce IFN-gamma-secreting T cells, but elicited very high levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 6573 | 19930042 | Immunization of mice with these altered peptide ligands emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant induced both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) responses compared with only IFN-gamma responses induced to the native MBP(87-99) peptide. |
| 6574 | 19930042 | It was of interest that [R(91), A(96)]MBP(87-99) conjugated to reduced mannan induced 70% less IFN-gamma compared with the native MBP(87-99) peptide. |
| 6575 | 19930042 | However, [A(91), A(96)]MBP(87-99) conjugated to reduced mannan did not induce IFN-gamma-secreting T cells, but elicited very high levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 6576 | 19933862 | Analysis of the cellular immune responses of ubiquitin-conjugated ORFF (UBQ-ORFF) DNA-immunized, uninfected BALB/c mice demonstrated that the vaccine induced enhanced IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells compared with nonubiquitinated ORFF DNA vaccine. |
| 6577 | 19933862 | Higher levels of IL-12 and IFN-gamma and the low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 further indicated that the immune responses with UBQ-ORFF were mediated toward the Th1 rather than Th2 type. |
| 6578 | 19933862 | UBQ-ORFF DNA-immunized and -infected mice showed a significant increase in IL-12 and IFN-gamma and significant down-regulation of IL-10. |
| 6579 | 20005853 | Unexpectedly, vaccinated mice developed larger cutaneous lesions, harbored significantly more parasites, and cells from lymph nodes produced higher amounts of parasite-specific IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma in cultures. |
| 6580 | 20013309 | Moreover, the B. abortus S-19 vaccinated mice showed highest production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma. |
| 6581 | 20031926 | The tumor necrosis factor-alpha response for most of the fractions did not significantly differ in the tested groups, and the interleukin-4 response was below the detectable range for all fractions and both study groups. |
| 6582 | 20032499 | WAS(-/-) CD4(+) T cells mediated protective T-helper 1 (Th1) responses to Leishmania major in vivo, but were unable to support Th2 immunity to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or L major. |
| 6583 | 20032499 | WAS(-/-) CD4(+) T cells up-regulated IL-4 and GATA3 mRNA and secreted IL-4 protein during Th2 differentiation. |
| 6584 | 20032499 | WAS(-/-) Th2s failed to produce IL-4 protein on restimulation despite elevated IL-4/GATA3 mRNA. |
| 6585 | 20032499 | Moreover, dominant-negative WASp expression in WT effector T cells blocked IL-4 production, but had no effect on IFNgamma. |
| 6586 | 20032499 | WAS(-/-) CD4(+) T cells mediated protective T-helper 1 (Th1) responses to Leishmania major in vivo, but were unable to support Th2 immunity to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or L major. |
| 6587 | 20032499 | WAS(-/-) CD4(+) T cells up-regulated IL-4 and GATA3 mRNA and secreted IL-4 protein during Th2 differentiation. |
| 6588 | 20032499 | WAS(-/-) Th2s failed to produce IL-4 protein on restimulation despite elevated IL-4/GATA3 mRNA. |
| 6589 | 20032499 | Moreover, dominant-negative WASp expression in WT effector T cells blocked IL-4 production, but had no effect on IFNgamma. |
| 6590 | 20032499 | WAS(-/-) CD4(+) T cells mediated protective T-helper 1 (Th1) responses to Leishmania major in vivo, but were unable to support Th2 immunity to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or L major. |
| 6591 | 20032499 | WAS(-/-) CD4(+) T cells up-regulated IL-4 and GATA3 mRNA and secreted IL-4 protein during Th2 differentiation. |
| 6592 | 20032499 | WAS(-/-) Th2s failed to produce IL-4 protein on restimulation despite elevated IL-4/GATA3 mRNA. |
| 6593 | 20032499 | Moreover, dominant-negative WASp expression in WT effector T cells blocked IL-4 production, but had no effect on IFNgamma. |
| 6594 | 20039802 | Healthy donor plasma had high immunoglobulin G titers (median, 1:51,200) and lower immunoglobulin A (median, 1:3,200) and immunoglobulin E (median, 1:128) titers to rAls3p-N by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. rAls3p-N stimulated interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-17, but not IL-4, from donor lymphocytes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay and IL-12 p70, IFN-gamma, IL-17, and IL-10 by cytometric bead array. |
| 6595 | 20053873 | Mice born to immunized mothers produced higher titers of PspA-specific antibodies in the blood and mucosa and greater numbers of PspA-specific interleukin-4 (IL-4)-secreting cells than mice born to naïve mothers. |
| 6596 | 20056184 | Splenocytes from i.n. immunized mice produced high level of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 in response to Leish-111f. |
| 6597 | 20056331 | Changes in the levels of rabbit interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) mRNA were determined. |
| 6598 | 20056331 | All cytokine mRNAs were found at detectable levels; however, the levels of IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-2 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the vaccinated group compared to the non-vaccinated group. |
| 6599 | 20060944 | Of note, PCPP administration resulted in mixed Th1 and Th2 type responses (i.e., high levels of IgG2a and IgG1 as well as IFN-gamma and IL-4). |
| 6600 | 20072623 | After in vitro stimulation, spleen cells of immunized mice produce high levels of Th1 cytokines and show a prominent mRNA expression of the Th1 transcription factor T-bet, in detriment of the Th2 transcription factor GATA-3. |
| 6601 | 20072623 | Following R. equi challenge, a high H2O2, NO, IL-12, and IFN-gamma content is detected in the organs of immunized mice. |
| 6602 | 20072623 | On the other hand, TNF-alpha and IL-4 levels are markedly lower in the organs of vaccinated mice, compared with the non-vaccinated ones. |
| 6603 | 20072623 | A greater incidence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and B lymphocytes is verified in vaccinated mice. |
| 6604 | 20072623 | However, there is no difference between vaccinated and non-vaccinated mice in terms of the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. |
| 6605 | 20080728 | Undetectable levels of interferon-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 in cultures of peptide-challenged splenocytes from immunized mice suggested that the antibody responses did not involve significant T cell help. |
| 6606 | 20087984 | Moreover, 1 significantly promoted the production of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines from splenocytes in the HBsAg-immunized mice (P<0.001). |
| 6607 | 20116467 | SL-applied CTB enhanced the production of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma from stimulated CD4+ T cells. |
| 6608 | 20116467 | Moreover, interferon-gamma-producing CD8+ T cell responses were increased 1.7-fold after co-treatment with SL CTB and HPV16L1. |
| 6609 | 20116862 | The activation markers included major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), intracellular interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). |
| 6610 | 20116862 | Following EHV-1 stimulation, the MHC II expression index (EI) increased significantly in CD2+CD4+CD8- and CD2+CD4-CD8+ subsets of the infected group. |
| 6611 | 20116862 | At 4 days after incubation, the non-antigen stimulated CD2+CD4-CD8- subset of the infected group expressed a high percentage (61.1%) of MHC II. |
| 6612 | 20116862 | The IFN-gamma EI was significantly higher in infected foals in all major T cell subsets (CD2+) while only the CD2+CD4+CD8- subset showed a significant increase in intracellular IL-4 EI. |
| 6613 | 20116862 | The high MHC II expression in the CD2+CD4-CD8- subset suggests that this T cell subset may represent a gammadelta TCR repertoire and thereby plays an important role as antigen presenting cells in the horse, as reported in other species. |
| 6614 | 20116862 | The activation markers included major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), intracellular interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). |
| 6615 | 20116862 | Following EHV-1 stimulation, the MHC II expression index (EI) increased significantly in CD2+CD4+CD8- and CD2+CD4-CD8+ subsets of the infected group. |
| 6616 | 20116862 | At 4 days after incubation, the non-antigen stimulated CD2+CD4-CD8- subset of the infected group expressed a high percentage (61.1%) of MHC II. |
| 6617 | 20116862 | The IFN-gamma EI was significantly higher in infected foals in all major T cell subsets (CD2+) while only the CD2+CD4+CD8- subset showed a significant increase in intracellular IL-4 EI. |
| 6618 | 20116862 | The high MHC II expression in the CD2+CD4-CD8- subset suggests that this T cell subset may represent a gammadelta TCR repertoire and thereby plays an important role as antigen presenting cells in the horse, as reported in other species. |
| 6619 | 20130127 | The cytokines studied included interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 6620 | 20130127 | The VOC group was notable for remarkably elevated levels of IL-4, among the three cytokines tested, compared with those for the SCD and NHC groups. |
| 6621 | 20130127 | Patients with VOC also differed from stable SCD patients and NHC by having notably lower IL-10 levels, as well as the lowest ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+) T cells (0.7). |
| 6622 | 20130127 | The patterns of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-2 did not differ between VOC and stable SCD patients, but NHC had significantly lower IL-2 levels than both the VOC and SCD groups. |
| 6623 | 20130127 | The cytokines studied included interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 6624 | 20130127 | The VOC group was notable for remarkably elevated levels of IL-4, among the three cytokines tested, compared with those for the SCD and NHC groups. |
| 6625 | 20130127 | Patients with VOC also differed from stable SCD patients and NHC by having notably lower IL-10 levels, as well as the lowest ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+) T cells (0.7). |
| 6626 | 20130127 | The patterns of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-2 did not differ between VOC and stable SCD patients, but NHC had significantly lower IL-2 levels than both the VOC and SCD groups. |
| 6627 | 20132920 | The antigen-specific T cell immune response elicited both Th1 and Th2 cytokines including high titers of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4, and drove a Th1 isotype-switched antibody response. |
| 6628 | 20132994 | Diminished CD4+/CD25+ T cell and increased IFN-gamma levels occur in dogs vaccinated with Leishmune in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis. |
| 6629 | 20132994 | Cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-4 and TNF-alpha were measured in culture supernatant and CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+ T cell presence was determined. |
| 6630 | 20132994 | Analysis of the data indicated that the vaccine conferred humoral responses (100%) against both antigens and cellular immunity to FML (85%) and total antigen (80%), the supernatant of cultured cells stimulated with TAg and FML showed an increase in IFN-gamma (P<0.05), and the vaccine reduced CD4+/CD25+ T cell presence compared to that observed before vaccination. |
| 6631 | 20136620 | In vitro, AcF1 was shown to activate total splenocytes, CD4+ T cells, and B cells, inducing remarkable increases in CD69 expression, profound proliferation, and increased IL-4 and IFN-gamma expression by the naïve splenic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. |
| 6632 | 20145701 | Thus, cell cultures established from spleens and the draining lymph node of the secondary site of infection produced high levels of parasite specific IFN-gamma in the absence of IL-4 and IL-10 cytokine production. |
| 6633 | 20153353 | The mRNA expression levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-12 (IL-12) were determined using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay. |
| 6634 | 20153353 | The rPLF administration significantly increased chicken intestinal villous lengths and also enhanced the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-12 in chicken T lymphocytes. |
| 6635 | 20153792 | Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies revealed that the Prx-immunized group exhibited reduced infiltration of CD4(+), CD8(+), IFN-gamma(+) and TCR(+) (p<0.05); and CD2(+) and IL-4(+) (p<0.001) in hepatic lesions. |
| 6636 | 20177910 | Levels of IgG antibody, gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4, and interleukin-10 were detected. |
| 6637 | 20177910 | The high level of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IgG antibody indicated that mice vaccinated with recombinant pVAX-MIC8 plasmid could elicit strong cellular and humoral immune responses and showed a significantly increased survival time (10.3 +/- 0.9 days) compared with control mice which died within 5 days of challenge infection. |
| 6638 | 20195541 | Individual, yet overlapping peptides, 15 amino acids in length revealed residues 199 to 246 of PspA (PspA(199-246)) consistently caused the greatest IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-5 and proliferation as well as moderate IL-10 and IL-4 responses by ex vivo stimulated splenic and CLN CD4(+) T cells isolated from S. pneumonia strain EF3030-challeged F(1) (B6xBALB/c) mice. |
| 6639 | 20200251 | We previously developed recombinant RSV vectors expressing IFN-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) that allow us to explore the role of these key Th1 and Th2 cytokines during infection. |
| 6640 | 20219540 | Both IFN-gamma and IL-4 in chicken's lymphocytes were produced by this strategy. |
| 6641 | 20219669 | Differences in cytokines production were found for IL-10, IL-4, TNF-alpha, and Arginase-1, which, in some conditions, resulted higher in r-BCG as compared to wt BCG-immunised mice. |
| 6642 | 20219878 | Compared to the levels in the controls, the levels of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-12, and IFN-gamma were increased in TBLN homogenates from PRV-infected pigs at 1 dpi, whereas the IL-18 levels were decreased from 3 to 6 dpi. |
| 6643 | 20219878 | The protein levels of IL-4 and IL-10 did not differ between the controls and the PRV-infected pigs at any time point. |
| 6644 | 20219878 | Flow cytometric analysis of TBLN homogenates of PRV-infected pigs and the controls revealed increases in the percentages of B cells at 6 dpi, CD4(+) cells at 14 dpi, and CD25 expression in TBLN homogenates (in the total mononuclear fraction and on B cells) in the PRV-infected pigs. |
| 6645 | 20221274 | The PBSCs were cultured in the X-VIVO 20 medium supplemented with the Flt-3 Ligand (FL), GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-alpha for 12 days. |
| 6646 | 20333282 | In all experiments, an early relatively high level of IFN-gamma and IgG2a during the acute phase of the infection, and later elevation of IL-4 and IgG1, suggested that there was a sequential Th1/Th2 response. |
| 6647 | 20381647 | Lactic acid bacteria enhance autophagic ability of mononuclear phagocytes by increasing Th1 autophagy-promoting cytokine (IFN-gamma) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and reducing Th2 autophagy-restraining cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen. |
| 6648 | 20392496 | IL-4 directs both CD4 and CD8 T cells to produce Th2 cytokines in vitro, but only CD4 T cells produce these cytokines in response to alum-precipitated protein in vivo. |
| 6649 | 20392496 | While IL-4 directs CD4 T cells to produce Th2 cytokines (including IL-4, IL-13, IL-5) in vitro it has been shown that production of these cytokines can be induced in vivo in the absence of IL-4/IL-13/STAT-6 signaling. |
| 6650 | 20392496 | The present report shows that CD8 as well as CD4 T cells activated through their TCR, in vitro upregulate the Th2-features - IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, and GATA-3. |
| 6651 | 20392496 | However, in vivo while alum-precipitated antigen strongly and selectively induces these Th2-features in CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells mount a markedly different response to this antigen. |
| 6652 | 20392496 | This CD8 response is associated with strong proliferation and production of IFN-gamma, but no Th2-features are induced. |
| 6653 | 20392496 | Alum-protein formulations are widely used in human vaccines and typically induce strong antibody responses characterized by the differentiation of IL-4-producing CD4 T cells and immunoglobulin class switching to IgG1. |
| 6654 | 20392496 | Analysis of the in vivo response to alum-precipitated protein shows that while subsets of CD4 T cells strongly upregulate Th2 and follicular helper T cell features including the surface markers OX40, CXCR5, PD-1, IL-17RB and the transcription factor c-Maf, CD8 T cells do not. |
| 6655 | 20392496 | These discrete differences between responding CD4 and CD8 T cells provide further insight into the differences between Th2 polarization of CD4 T cells directed by IL-4 in vitro and the induction of IL-4 production by CD4 T cells in vivo in response to alum-precipitated protein. |
| 6656 | 20392496 | IL-4 directs both CD4 and CD8 T cells to produce Th2 cytokines in vitro, but only CD4 T cells produce these cytokines in response to alum-precipitated protein in vivo. |
| 6657 | 20392496 | While IL-4 directs CD4 T cells to produce Th2 cytokines (including IL-4, IL-13, IL-5) in vitro it has been shown that production of these cytokines can be induced in vivo in the absence of IL-4/IL-13/STAT-6 signaling. |
| 6658 | 20392496 | The present report shows that CD8 as well as CD4 T cells activated through their TCR, in vitro upregulate the Th2-features - IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, and GATA-3. |
| 6659 | 20392496 | However, in vivo while alum-precipitated antigen strongly and selectively induces these Th2-features in CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells mount a markedly different response to this antigen. |
| 6660 | 20392496 | This CD8 response is associated with strong proliferation and production of IFN-gamma, but no Th2-features are induced. |
| 6661 | 20392496 | Alum-protein formulations are widely used in human vaccines and typically induce strong antibody responses characterized by the differentiation of IL-4-producing CD4 T cells and immunoglobulin class switching to IgG1. |
| 6662 | 20392496 | Analysis of the in vivo response to alum-precipitated protein shows that while subsets of CD4 T cells strongly upregulate Th2 and follicular helper T cell features including the surface markers OX40, CXCR5, PD-1, IL-17RB and the transcription factor c-Maf, CD8 T cells do not. |
| 6663 | 20392496 | These discrete differences between responding CD4 and CD8 T cells provide further insight into the differences between Th2 polarization of CD4 T cells directed by IL-4 in vitro and the induction of IL-4 production by CD4 T cells in vivo in response to alum-precipitated protein. |
| 6664 | 20392496 | IL-4 directs both CD4 and CD8 T cells to produce Th2 cytokines in vitro, but only CD4 T cells produce these cytokines in response to alum-precipitated protein in vivo. |
| 6665 | 20392496 | While IL-4 directs CD4 T cells to produce Th2 cytokines (including IL-4, IL-13, IL-5) in vitro it has been shown that production of these cytokines can be induced in vivo in the absence of IL-4/IL-13/STAT-6 signaling. |
| 6666 | 20392496 | The present report shows that CD8 as well as CD4 T cells activated through their TCR, in vitro upregulate the Th2-features - IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, and GATA-3. |
| 6667 | 20392496 | However, in vivo while alum-precipitated antigen strongly and selectively induces these Th2-features in CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells mount a markedly different response to this antigen. |
| 6668 | 20392496 | This CD8 response is associated with strong proliferation and production of IFN-gamma, but no Th2-features are induced. |
| 6669 | 20392496 | Alum-protein formulations are widely used in human vaccines and typically induce strong antibody responses characterized by the differentiation of IL-4-producing CD4 T cells and immunoglobulin class switching to IgG1. |
| 6670 | 20392496 | Analysis of the in vivo response to alum-precipitated protein shows that while subsets of CD4 T cells strongly upregulate Th2 and follicular helper T cell features including the surface markers OX40, CXCR5, PD-1, IL-17RB and the transcription factor c-Maf, CD8 T cells do not. |
| 6671 | 20392496 | These discrete differences between responding CD4 and CD8 T cells provide further insight into the differences between Th2 polarization of CD4 T cells directed by IL-4 in vitro and the induction of IL-4 production by CD4 T cells in vivo in response to alum-precipitated protein. |
| 6672 | 20392496 | IL-4 directs both CD4 and CD8 T cells to produce Th2 cytokines in vitro, but only CD4 T cells produce these cytokines in response to alum-precipitated protein in vivo. |
| 6673 | 20392496 | While IL-4 directs CD4 T cells to produce Th2 cytokines (including IL-4, IL-13, IL-5) in vitro it has been shown that production of these cytokines can be induced in vivo in the absence of IL-4/IL-13/STAT-6 signaling. |
| 6674 | 20392496 | The present report shows that CD8 as well as CD4 T cells activated through their TCR, in vitro upregulate the Th2-features - IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, and GATA-3. |
| 6675 | 20392496 | However, in vivo while alum-precipitated antigen strongly and selectively induces these Th2-features in CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells mount a markedly different response to this antigen. |
| 6676 | 20392496 | This CD8 response is associated with strong proliferation and production of IFN-gamma, but no Th2-features are induced. |
| 6677 | 20392496 | Alum-protein formulations are widely used in human vaccines and typically induce strong antibody responses characterized by the differentiation of IL-4-producing CD4 T cells and immunoglobulin class switching to IgG1. |
| 6678 | 20392496 | Analysis of the in vivo response to alum-precipitated protein shows that while subsets of CD4 T cells strongly upregulate Th2 and follicular helper T cell features including the surface markers OX40, CXCR5, PD-1, IL-17RB and the transcription factor c-Maf, CD8 T cells do not. |
| 6679 | 20392496 | These discrete differences between responding CD4 and CD8 T cells provide further insight into the differences between Th2 polarization of CD4 T cells directed by IL-4 in vitro and the induction of IL-4 production by CD4 T cells in vivo in response to alum-precipitated protein. |
| 6680 | 20392496 | IL-4 directs both CD4 and CD8 T cells to produce Th2 cytokines in vitro, but only CD4 T cells produce these cytokines in response to alum-precipitated protein in vivo. |
| 6681 | 20392496 | While IL-4 directs CD4 T cells to produce Th2 cytokines (including IL-4, IL-13, IL-5) in vitro it has been shown that production of these cytokines can be induced in vivo in the absence of IL-4/IL-13/STAT-6 signaling. |
| 6682 | 20392496 | The present report shows that CD8 as well as CD4 T cells activated through their TCR, in vitro upregulate the Th2-features - IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, and GATA-3. |
| 6683 | 20392496 | However, in vivo while alum-precipitated antigen strongly and selectively induces these Th2-features in CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells mount a markedly different response to this antigen. |
| 6684 | 20392496 | This CD8 response is associated with strong proliferation and production of IFN-gamma, but no Th2-features are induced. |
| 6685 | 20392496 | Alum-protein formulations are widely used in human vaccines and typically induce strong antibody responses characterized by the differentiation of IL-4-producing CD4 T cells and immunoglobulin class switching to IgG1. |
| 6686 | 20392496 | Analysis of the in vivo response to alum-precipitated protein shows that while subsets of CD4 T cells strongly upregulate Th2 and follicular helper T cell features including the surface markers OX40, CXCR5, PD-1, IL-17RB and the transcription factor c-Maf, CD8 T cells do not. |
| 6687 | 20392496 | These discrete differences between responding CD4 and CD8 T cells provide further insight into the differences between Th2 polarization of CD4 T cells directed by IL-4 in vitro and the induction of IL-4 production by CD4 T cells in vivo in response to alum-precipitated protein. |
| 6688 | 20392887 | Treatment of Cmah-null macrophages with LT-IIb(T13I), however, upregulated the transcription of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-17, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), four cytokines important for promoting immune responses. |
| 6689 | 20394723 | The studies showed that PTD-HBcAg not only induced significantly higher antibody responses, but also increased production of cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10) compared to HBcAg alone and PBS. |
| 6690 | 20394723 | Moreover, PTD-HBcAg fusion protein increased significantly the percentages of IFN-gamma+CD8+ T cells and HBcAg-specific (CTL) responses. |
| 6691 | 20404924 | Further, circulating levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-2 were analysed in VL patients (n = 29) by Cytometric Bead Array to evaluate correlation with parasitic load. |
| 6692 | 20406664 | Increased anti-GAD65 IgG1, serum IgA and unchanged IgG2a antibodies titers; together with an increase of IL-4, IL-10 production and a decrease of IFN-gamma production suggested possible activation of GAD65-specific Th2 immune responses. |
| 6693 | 20421972 | VEE/SIN-H-induced T cells produced IFN-gamma and IL-4 both spontaneously ex vivo and after stimulation, while FI-MV-induced T cells produced IL-4 only after stimulation. |
| 6694 | 20434553 | Splenocytes were separated for detection of lymphocyte proliferation in responses to concanavalin A (Con A), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and OVA, and mRNA expression of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12), Th2 cytokines (IL-10 and IL-5) and transcription factors T-bet/GATA-3 (Th1/Th2 switcher). |
| 6695 | 20434553 | In addition, up-regulated T-bet/GATA-3 together with significantly increased mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma and IL-12 by splenocytes, as well as the proliferative responses of splenocytes to Con A, LPS and OVA were observed in paclitaxel-adjuvanted groups. |
| 6696 | 20434553 | Incubation of a murine macrophage-like cell line with paclitaxel significantly increased TNF-alpha and -10 released from the cells and expression of microRNAs such as miR-155, miR-147, miR-146a and miR-132. |
| 6697 | 20450288 | The cytokine measurement profile of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in culture supernatants of cells primed with peptide antigens in microparticles co-encapsulating CpG ODN showed higher levels of IFN- gamma followed by TNF-alpha and IL-2, with relatively low levels of IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 6698 | 20452455 | We herein characterized the cytokines response ESP, e.g., SG3PDH, 14-3-3-like protein, TPX, and calpain induce in the natural context of infection, and defined the global cytokine profile conducive to effective schistosome larvae killing. |
| 6699 | 20452455 | Recombinant SG3PDH was the only test ESP to additionally activate SC from S. mansoni-infected BALB/c mice to release higher IL-4 levels than unstimulated SC and mediate significant (P < 0.0001) in vitro attrition of lung-stage larvae. |
| 6700 | 20471443 | Incorporation of CD40 ligand into SHIV virus-like particles (VLP) enhances SHIV-VLP-induced dendritic cell activation and boosts immune responses against HIV. |
| 6701 | 20471443 | Engagement of CD40 with CD40L induces dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activation, thereby promoting immune responses. |
| 6702 | 20471443 | We found that CD83, CD40, and CD86 were significantly up-regulated and significantly increased cytokines production were observed after hCD40L/SHIV-VLP treatment in human CD14(+) monocyte-derived DCs as compared to SHIV-VLP treatment. |
| 6703 | 20471443 | Mice immunized with mCD40L/SHIV-VLP showed more than a two-fold increase in HIV Env-specific IgG antibody production, an increase in SIV Gag and HIV Env-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing cells, and an increase in HIV Env-specific cytotoxic activity compared to that in SHIV-VLP immunized mice. |
| 6704 | 20471443 | Furthermore, multifunctional CD4(+) Th1 cells, which simultaneously produce IFN-gamma, IL-2 and TNF-alpha triple cytokines, and CD8(+) T-cells, which produce IFN-gamma were elevated in the mCD40L/SHIV-VLP immunized group. |
| 6705 | 20471443 | Therefore, incorporation of CD40L into VLP may represent a novel strategy to develop effective HIV vaccines. |
| 6706 | 20472030 | In vitro, soluble proteases isolated from LaAg (LaSP-Sol) directly activated IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-beta production by immune cells. |
| 6707 | 20483237 | In fish, prior to pufferfish (Fugu rubripes and Tetraodon nigroviridis) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome sequencing, only a handful of cytokines like IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TGFbeta, some CXC (including IL-8) and CC chemokine genes were identified. |
| 6708 | 20483237 | Pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF's, IL-6 and IL-17 family have been cloned. |
| 6709 | 20483237 | Among the T(H)1 type interleukins, IL-2, IL-15, IL-12alpha, IL-12beta, IL-18 have been cloned. |
| 6710 | 20483237 | Among IL-10 and its family members, IL-10, IL-19/20, IL-22 and IL-26 have been discovered. |
| 6711 | 20483237 | However, T(H)2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), IL-3, IL-7 and IL-9 are yet to be discovered from fish. |
| 6712 | 20488263 | This FMIA simultaneously detects innate (IL-1 beta, IL-8, IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, IL-12), regulatory (IL-10), Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines. |
| 6713 | 20495560 | Here we demonstrate that cysteine protease-induced T(H)2 responses occur via 'cooperation' between migratory dermal dendritic cells (DCs) and basophils positive for interleukin 4 (IL-4). |
| 6714 | 20495560 | ROS orchestrated T(H)2 responses by inducing oxidized lipids that triggered the induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by epithelial cells mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the adaptor protein TRIF; by suppressing production of the T(H)1-inducing molecules IL-12 and CD70 in lymph node DCs; and by inducing the DC-derived chemokine CCL7, which mediated recruitment of IL-4(+) basophils to the lymph node. |
| 6715 | 20495560 | Here we demonstrate that cysteine protease-induced T(H)2 responses occur via 'cooperation' between migratory dermal dendritic cells (DCs) and basophils positive for interleukin 4 (IL-4). |
| 6716 | 20495560 | ROS orchestrated T(H)2 responses by inducing oxidized lipids that triggered the induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by epithelial cells mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the adaptor protein TRIF; by suppressing production of the T(H)1-inducing molecules IL-12 and CD70 in lymph node DCs; and by inducing the DC-derived chemokine CCL7, which mediated recruitment of IL-4(+) basophils to the lymph node. |
| 6717 | 20502628 | The 40K-OMP-specific CD4(+) T cells induced by oral 40K-OMP plus CpG ODN produced both Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines. |
| 6718 | 20502628 | Furthermore, increased frequencies of CD11c(+)B220(+) DCs and CD11c(+)CD11b(+) DCs with up-regulated expression of CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHC II molecules were noted in spleen, Peyer's patches and cervical lymph nodes. |
| 6719 | 20525889 | Germinal center T follicular helper cell IL-4 production is dependent on signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptor (CD150). |
| 6720 | 20525889 | Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP [SH2D1A]) expression in CD4 T cells is essential for GC development. |
| 6721 | 20525889 | Strikingly, SAP-deficient mice have an absence of the GC T(FH) cell subset and SAP(-) T(FH) cells are defective in IL-4 and IL-21 production. |
| 6722 | 20525889 | We further demonstrate that SLAM (Slamf1, CD150), a surface receptor that uses SAP signaling, is specifically required for IL-4 production by GC T(FH) cells. |
| 6723 | 20525889 | These data illustrate complexities of SAP-dependent SLAM family receptor signaling, revealing a prominent role for SLAM receptor ligation in IL-4 production by GC CD4 T cells but not in T(FH) cell and GC T(FH) cell differentiation. |
| 6724 | 20525889 | Germinal center T follicular helper cell IL-4 production is dependent on signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptor (CD150). |
| 6725 | 20525889 | Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP [SH2D1A]) expression in CD4 T cells is essential for GC development. |
| 6726 | 20525889 | Strikingly, SAP-deficient mice have an absence of the GC T(FH) cell subset and SAP(-) T(FH) cells are defective in IL-4 and IL-21 production. |
| 6727 | 20525889 | We further demonstrate that SLAM (Slamf1, CD150), a surface receptor that uses SAP signaling, is specifically required for IL-4 production by GC T(FH) cells. |
| 6728 | 20525889 | These data illustrate complexities of SAP-dependent SLAM family receptor signaling, revealing a prominent role for SLAM receptor ligation in IL-4 production by GC CD4 T cells but not in T(FH) cell and GC T(FH) cell differentiation. |
| 6729 | 20525889 | Germinal center T follicular helper cell IL-4 production is dependent on signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptor (CD150). |
| 6730 | 20525889 | Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP [SH2D1A]) expression in CD4 T cells is essential for GC development. |
| 6731 | 20525889 | Strikingly, SAP-deficient mice have an absence of the GC T(FH) cell subset and SAP(-) T(FH) cells are defective in IL-4 and IL-21 production. |
| 6732 | 20525889 | We further demonstrate that SLAM (Slamf1, CD150), a surface receptor that uses SAP signaling, is specifically required for IL-4 production by GC T(FH) cells. |
| 6733 | 20525889 | These data illustrate complexities of SAP-dependent SLAM family receptor signaling, revealing a prominent role for SLAM receptor ligation in IL-4 production by GC CD4 T cells but not in T(FH) cell and GC T(FH) cell differentiation. |
| 6734 | 20525889 | Germinal center T follicular helper cell IL-4 production is dependent on signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptor (CD150). |
| 6735 | 20525889 | Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP [SH2D1A]) expression in CD4 T cells is essential for GC development. |
| 6736 | 20525889 | Strikingly, SAP-deficient mice have an absence of the GC T(FH) cell subset and SAP(-) T(FH) cells are defective in IL-4 and IL-21 production. |
| 6737 | 20525889 | We further demonstrate that SLAM (Slamf1, CD150), a surface receptor that uses SAP signaling, is specifically required for IL-4 production by GC T(FH) cells. |
| 6738 | 20525889 | These data illustrate complexities of SAP-dependent SLAM family receptor signaling, revealing a prominent role for SLAM receptor ligation in IL-4 production by GC CD4 T cells but not in T(FH) cell and GC T(FH) cell differentiation. |
| 6739 | 20544406 | Co-administration of GP96 and Her2/neu DNA vaccine in a Her2 breast cancer model. |
| 6740 | 20544406 | In this study, animals with Her2-expressing tumors were vaccinated by co-administration of GP96+ Her2/neu DNA vaccines. |
| 6741 | 20544406 | Analyses of the immune response, 2 weeks after the last immunization revealed decreased CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Tregs) at the tumor site and increased IFN-γ/IL-4 level. |
| 6742 | 20562818 | Mice immunized with low dose of Alum-ALM mixed with either BCG or low M. vaccae showed a significantly higher IFN-gamma production and a lower IL-4 level and a significantly lower parasite burden compared to the control PBS injected group. |
| 6743 | 20575435 | The effect was determined in the form of protective anti-IBDV VP2 titers, antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a), lymphocyte proliferation, the levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 cytokines, and challenge experiment. |
| 6744 | 20575435 | The seem result elicited from cytokines ELISA test, secretion of both of Th1 (gamma-IFN) and Th2 (IL-4) were induced by the rVP2-IL-2 fusion protein. |
| 6745 | 20575435 | The effect was determined in the form of protective anti-IBDV VP2 titers, antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a), lymphocyte proliferation, the levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 cytokines, and challenge experiment. |
| 6746 | 20575435 | The seem result elicited from cytokines ELISA test, secretion of both of Th1 (gamma-IFN) and Th2 (IL-4) were induced by the rVP2-IL-2 fusion protein. |
| 6747 | 20599915 | Ursolic acid isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla activates human dendritic cells via TLR2 and/or TLR4 and induces the production of IFN-gamma by CD4+ naïve T cells. |
| 6748 | 20599915 | The expression levels of CD1a, CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR and CCR7 on Ursolic acid-primed dendritic cells was slightly enhanced. |
| 6749 | 20599915 | Moreover, Ursolic acid-primed dendritic cells expressed levels of mRNA coding for both TLR2 and TLR4. |
| 6750 | 20599915 | The majority of cells produced considerable interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but also small amounts of interleukin (IL-4)-4. |
| 6751 | 20599915 | Ursolic acid-primed dendritic cells have an intermediate migratory capacity towards CCL19 and CCL21. |
| 6752 | 20599915 | These results suggest that Ursolic acid modulates human dendritic cells function in a fashion that favors Th1 polarization via the activation of IL-12p70 dependent on TLR2 and/or TLR4, and may be used on dendritic cells-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. |
| 6753 | 20601076 | Mice vaccinated with parasite ribosomal proteins purified from Leishmania infantum plus saponin showed a specific production of IFN-γ, IL-12 and GM-CSF after in vitro stimulation with L. infantum ribosomal proteins. |
| 6754 | 20601076 | In both models, protection was correlated to an IL-12-dependent production of IFN-γ by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that activate macrophages for the synthesis of NO. |
| 6755 | 20601076 | In the protected mice a decrease in the parasite-mediated IL-4 and IL-10 responses was also observed. |
| 6756 | 20601170 | High ratios of IFN-gamma/IL-4 were shown in mice inoculated by strain of Dehloran (3.17) and Damghan (2.66), but not in mice infected by other strains, 8 weeks post-infection. |
| 6757 | 20601170 | The highest and lowest ratios of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells were found in LN cells of mice infected with Kashan (1.82) and Dehloran (1.00) strains, respectively. |
| 6758 | 20601170 | Results indicate that the lowest and intermediate loads of parasites induced by Damghan and Dehloran strains along with higher ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-4 produced by both strains in LN of inoculated mice suggest that these strains have the capacity to shift the immune responses to a predominant Th1 response after 8 weeks infection in BALB/c mice and might be the ideal strains for vaccine studies and development of candidate vaccine against leishmaniasis. |
| 6759 | 20601170 | High ratios of IFN-gamma/IL-4 were shown in mice inoculated by strain of Dehloran (3.17) and Damghan (2.66), but not in mice infected by other strains, 8 weeks post-infection. |
| 6760 | 20601170 | The highest and lowest ratios of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells were found in LN cells of mice infected with Kashan (1.82) and Dehloran (1.00) strains, respectively. |
| 6761 | 20601170 | Results indicate that the lowest and intermediate loads of parasites induced by Damghan and Dehloran strains along with higher ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-4 produced by both strains in LN of inoculated mice suggest that these strains have the capacity to shift the immune responses to a predominant Th1 response after 8 weeks infection in BALB/c mice and might be the ideal strains for vaccine studies and development of candidate vaccine against leishmaniasis. |
| 6762 | 20635971 | Moreover, treatment of tuberculous mice with Ag85AB-CpG-DDA induced higher production of type-I cytokines, generated more CD44-positive T cells and suppresses secretion of IL-4 as compared with untreated animals. |
| 6763 | 20638483 | Geometric mean values of IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 in PBMC culture supernatants of P. vivax exposed individuals were 182.02, 60.3, 62.84, 196.01 and 177.17 pg/ml against PvTRAg 35.2 and 185.27, 58.15, 64.56, 142.01 and 157.2 pg/ml against PvTRAg 80.6 showing mixed immune response with distinct biased towards anti-inflammatory Th2 phenotype. |
| 6764 | 20696860 | The differentiation of CD4(+) T cells into the Th2 subset is controlled by the transcription factor GATA-3. |
| 6765 | 20696860 | We show in this study that IL-4 stimulation induces GATA-3 mRNA upregulation, but the level of GATA-3 protein induced is insufficient for Th2 differentiation. |
| 6766 | 20696860 | The levels of GATA-3 protein and Th2 differentiation are enhanced by concomitant TCR signaling through the PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. |
| 6767 | 20696860 | The PI3K-mediated increase in GATA-3 protein occurs without increasing the GATA-3 mRNA level. |
| 6768 | 20696860 | Rather, TCR signaling through PI3K specifically enhances the translation rate of GATA-3 without affecting the protein stability. |
| 6769 | 20696860 | Thus, TCR signaling through PI3K may play a critical role in Th2 differentiation by the specific enhancement of GATA-3 translation. |
| 6770 | 20703434 | Differential effects of cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the development of inflammatory macrophages, and the distinct developmental pathways of proinflammatory or tissue-repair-associated monocytes suggest that controlling the activity of these monocytes could be part of an immune intervention strategy to prevent T1D. |
| 6771 | 20709105 | Expression of selected gene groups was tested via qPCR at 7 different time-points: cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10), type I interferons (IFN-α4, IFN-α11, IFN-α12, and IFN-β), toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9), iNOS and CCR7. |
| 6772 | 20709105 | Intranasally administered DBF and the mixture of virus+DBF induced an elevated expression of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines, type I interferons, iNOS, and pDC markers in NALT. |
| 6773 | 20732465 | Increased frequency of IL-10(+) monocytes was observed at day 15 and day 30, and decreased percentage of IL-4(+) NK-cells were detected at day 7, day 15 and day 30. |
| 6774 | 20732465 | Time-dependent and oscillating cytokine pattern was observed in CD4(+) T-cells, with low percentage of IL-12(+), IL-4(+) and IL-10(+) cells at day 7 and increased frequency of TNF-α(+) cells at day 15 besides IFN-γ(+) and IL-5(+) cells at day 15 and day 30. |
| 6775 | 20732465 | Later changes with increased percentage of IL-12(+) and IL-5(+)CD8(+) T-cells were observed at day 30. |
| 6776 | 20732465 | Increased frequency of IL-10(+) monocytes was observed at day 15 and day 30, and decreased percentage of IL-4(+) NK-cells were detected at day 7, day 15 and day 30. |
| 6777 | 20732465 | Time-dependent and oscillating cytokine pattern was observed in CD4(+) T-cells, with low percentage of IL-12(+), IL-4(+) and IL-10(+) cells at day 7 and increased frequency of TNF-α(+) cells at day 15 besides IFN-γ(+) and IL-5(+) cells at day 15 and day 30. |
| 6778 | 20732465 | Later changes with increased percentage of IL-12(+) and IL-5(+)CD8(+) T-cells were observed at day 30. |
| 6779 | 20738198 | All tachyzoite and antigen preparations at high doses stimulated high levels of interleukin (IL) -12, interferon (IFN) -gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -alpha, except for heat-killed tachyzoites and sNcAg, which induced moderate level of IL-12 and very low levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 6780 | 20738198 | In general, whole N. caninum tachyzoites were more effective in inducing IL-12, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha than the lysate antigen preparations. |
| 6781 | 20738198 | It appears that the heat-killed N. caninum tachyzoites were less potent in eliciting IFN-gamma or IL-10, but more effective in inducing IL-4. |
| 6782 | 20812236 | The DEC-targeted LcrV induced polarized Th1 immunity, whereas DCIR2-targeted LcrV induced fewer CD4(+) T cells secreting IFN-γ, but higher IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 production. |
| 6783 | 20816019 | The immunological consequences of the treatment were evaluated with plasma- and serum-levels of inflammatory and non-inflammatory markers (the following 10 cytokines: GM-CSF, INF-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha, and in addition the inflammatory chemokines MIP-1beta, Eotaxin and IP-10) and biomarkers CEA and TIMP-1. |
| 6784 | 20816019 | These analyses showed that the vaccine induced increasing levels of Th1 cytokines such as GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 in patients achieving stable disease. |
| 6785 | 20816019 | Patients with progressive disease had increasing levels of CEA and TIMP-1, while patients achieving stable disease maintained relatively stable levels. |
| 6786 | 20835620 | The nature of the local immune response was assessed by examining the distribution of CD2+, CD4+, CD8+ and γ´+ T lymphocytes along with IgG+, IL-4+ and IFN-γ+ cells in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes (HLN). |
| 6787 | 20835620 | Immunization with rSm14 in Quil A adjuvant induced a reduction in gross hepatic lesions of 56.6% (p < 0.001) and reduced hepatic and HLN infiltration of CD2+, CD4+, CD8+ and γ´+ T lymphocytes as well as IL-4+ and IFN-γ+ cells (p < 0.05). |
| 6788 | 20835620 | The nature of the local immune response was assessed by examining the distribution of CD2+, CD4+, CD8+ and γ´+ T lymphocytes along with IgG+, IL-4+ and IFN-γ+ cells in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes (HLN). |
| 6789 | 20835620 | Immunization with rSm14 in Quil A adjuvant induced a reduction in gross hepatic lesions of 56.6% (p < 0.001) and reduced hepatic and HLN infiltration of CD2+, CD4+, CD8+ and γ´+ T lymphocytes as well as IL-4+ and IFN-γ+ cells (p < 0.05). |
| 6790 | 20838241 | Vaccinations targeting extracellular superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutants are beneficial in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). |
| 6791 | 20838241 | The vaccines potentiated TH2 deviation in the spinal cord as determined by the ratio of interleukin-4 to interferon-γ (IFNγ) or tumor necrosis factor and induced C1q deposition around motor neurons. |
| 6792 | 20838241 | On the other hand, the sera from G93A SOD1-vaccinated mice showed higher IFNγ or tumor necrosis factor and yielded a lower IgG1/IgG2c ratio than the sera from WT-apo-vaccinated mice. |
| 6793 | 20850939 | Protective immune responses induced by in ovo immunization with recombinant adenoviruses expressing spike (S1) glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus fused/co-administered with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. |
| 6794 | 20850939 | In the present report, the recombinant adenoviruses expressing chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and S1 gene of nephropathogenic IBV were constructed and characterized. |
| 6795 | 20850939 | Moreover, the fusion of the GM-CSF markedly increased spleen cell proliferation and IFN-γ production while mild increased in IL-4 production, which demonstrated the enhancement of cell-mediated immune responses. |
| 6796 | 20870310 | However, only the chimeric vaccine was able to enhance Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion in response to class II GAG peptide and to enhance IL-4-secreting cells against GAG peptides and p24 protein stimuli. |
| 6797 | 20883735 | After administration into BALB/c mice, all three vectors elicited HA-specific humoral (IgG1, IgG2a and hemagglutination inhibition titers), mucosal (IgA titers) and cellular (interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-4 producing T cells and IFN-γ(+)/CD8(+) T cells) immune responses. |
| 6798 | 20926697 | Simultaneous measurement of antigen-stimulated interleukin-1 beta and gamma interferon production enhances test sensitivity for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. |
| 6799 | 20926697 | In order to identify cytokines that may be useful as candidates for inclusion in diagnostic tests for Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle, we compared the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in whole-blood cultures from tuberculosis (TB) reactor animals or TB-free controls following stimulation with M. bovis-specific antigens (purified protein derivative from M. bovis [PPD-B] or ESAT-6/CFP-10). |
| 6800 | 20944999 | Antigenic extracts of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania amazonensis associated with saponin partially protects BALB/c mice against Leishmania chagasi infection by suppressing IL-10 and IL-4 production. |
| 6801 | 20944999 | This protection was associated with a suppression of both interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 cytokines by spleen cells in response to L. chagasi antigen. |
| 6802 | 20944999 | Antigenic extracts of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania amazonensis associated with saponin partially protects BALB/c mice against Leishmania chagasi infection by suppressing IL-10 and IL-4 production. |
| 6803 | 20944999 | This protection was associated with a suppression of both interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 cytokines by spleen cells in response to L. chagasi antigen. |
| 6804 | 20955167 | Additionally, the different epitopes elicited various CD4(+) T-cell responses, as shown by the resulting lymphocyte proliferation and varied IFN-γ and IL-4 levels determined by EILSPOT; however, each could be distinctly recognized by sera derived from malaria patients. |
| 6805 | 21030562 | We have completed a phase 1 study in which patients with multiple myeloma underwent serial vaccination with the DC/multiple myeloma fusions in conjunction with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 6806 | 21030562 | DCs were generated from adherent mononuclear cells cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and tumor necrosis factor-α and fused with myeloma cells obtained from marrow aspirates. |
| 6807 | 21030562 | Vaccination resulted in the expansion of circulating CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes reactive with autologous myeloma cells in 11 of 15 evaluable patients. |
| 6808 | 21035197 | No specific increase in cell-mediated immune (CMI) response was induced by the vaccine as determined by EIV-specific lymphoproliferation and the detection of EIV-specific IFNγ(+) CD5(+)T cells, IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA expression. |
| 6809 | 21035507 | Cell proliferation, cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-4), and lymphocyte sub-populations (CD4/CD8, CD3 and CD19) were determined in splenocytes from mice administered subcutaneously with test substances. |
| 6810 | 21035507 | In these cells CD4/CD8 derived IFN-γ release was also determined. |
| 6811 | 21039466 | Immature MoDCs were generated by incubating peripheral blood monocytes with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4. |
| 6812 | 21039466 | MoLCs showed a lower expression of CD83, CD86, HLA-DR and CCR7 compared with MoDCs, regardless of their maturational status. |
| 6813 | 21039466 | Both immature and mature MoLCs secreted higher quantities of IL-23 compared with MoDCs and this finding correlated with a higher secretion of IL-17 in co-culture of MoLCs with allogeneic CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6814 | 21039466 | Mature MoLCs, which produced higher levels of IL-12 and lower levels of IL-10 compared with mature MoDCs, were more potent at inducing interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production by CD4(+) T cells in the co-culture system. |
| 6815 | 21039737 | To compare SV1 and SV2 (200 μg F1+100 μg rV270) with live attenuated vaccine EV76, antibody responses, protective efficacy, cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12) production, CD4/CD8 ratio and CD69(+) T-cell activation marker were determined in sera of the immunized Chinese-origin rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta. |
| 6816 | 21039737 | There were no statistical changes for CD4/CD8 ratios, IL-4 and CD69 levels between the three-vaccine immunized groups. |
| 6817 | 21039737 | To compare SV1 and SV2 (200 μg F1+100 μg rV270) with live attenuated vaccine EV76, antibody responses, protective efficacy, cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12) production, CD4/CD8 ratio and CD69(+) T-cell activation marker were determined in sera of the immunized Chinese-origin rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta. |
| 6818 | 21039737 | There were no statistical changes for CD4/CD8 ratios, IL-4 and CD69 levels between the three-vaccine immunized groups. |
| 6819 | 21057930 | The output of an ELISpot assay is a formation of colored spots which appear at the sites of cells releasing cytokines, with each individual spot representing a single cytokine-releasing cell.We have shown that hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was causing ∼twofold decrease in the number of lymphocytes secreting the TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2, as well as chemokine IL-8 and cytokine TNF alpha. |
| 6820 | 21057930 | However, the number of cells secreting TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in hydrogen peroxide-treated group did not change. |
| 6821 | 21057930 | We adopted ELISpot assay for studying oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by analyzing the acute effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the frequency of cells secreting IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, and TNF-alpha. |
| 6822 | 21057930 | The output of an ELISpot assay is a formation of colored spots which appear at the sites of cells releasing cytokines, with each individual spot representing a single cytokine-releasing cell.We have shown that hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was causing ∼twofold decrease in the number of lymphocytes secreting the TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2, as well as chemokine IL-8 and cytokine TNF alpha. |
| 6823 | 21057930 | However, the number of cells secreting TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in hydrogen peroxide-treated group did not change. |
| 6824 | 21057930 | We adopted ELISpot assay for studying oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by analyzing the acute effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the frequency of cells secreting IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, and TNF-alpha. |
| 6825 | 21076061 | Immunologically, SLIT resulted in increased IL-10 production, programmed cell death ligand 1 expression, and concentration of allergen-specific IgG4, as well as in the reduction of CD80 and CD86 expression and IL-4 production. |
| 6826 | 21105162 | Compared with OVA-NPs-treated BMDCs, stimulation with OVA-NPs/protamine led to significantly upregulation of CD80, CD86, and CD83, increased secretion of IL-12p70, and decreased production of IL-4 by BMDCs. |
| 6827 | 21106776 | The serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 of pneumonic plague patients were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 6828 | 21106780 | The results showed that mice immunized with pVAX-ROP16 developed a high level of specific antibody responses against T. gondii ROP16 expressed in Escherichia coli, a strong lymphoproliferative response, and significant levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10 production compared with results for other mice immunized with either empty plasmid or phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. |
| 6829 | 21115722 | Nasal immunization with a fusion protein consisting of the hemagglutinin A antigenic region and the maltose-binding protein elicits CD11c(+) CD8(+) dendritic cells for induced long-term protective immunity. |
| 6830 | 21115722 | Analysis of cytokine responses showed that nasal administration of 25k-hagA-MBP induced antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells producing interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5, but not gamma interferon (IFN-γ), in the spleen and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs). |
| 6831 | 21115722 | Furthermore, increased numbers of CD11c(+) CD8α(+), but not CD11c(+) CD11b(+) or CD11c(+) B220(+), dendritic cells with upregulated expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules were noted in the spleen, CLNs, and nasopharynx-associated lymphoreticular tissues (NALT). |
| 6832 | 21167782 | Previous studies suggested an important role for IL-4 in susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis; however, the role of IL-4 has not been studied in the guinea pig, a highly relevant model for this disease. |
| 6833 | 21185849 | The results showed that the nanoparticles containing DNA vaccine pRSC-gD-IL-21 induced mice to generate higher levels of specific neutralizing antibody, sIgA in tears, and IFN-γ, IL-4 in serum, and to enhance the cytotoxicities of NK cells and splenocytes as well as splenocyte proliferative response to glycoprotein D compared with those of the control mice. |
| 6834 | 21236236 | Compared to the mice unvaccinated or vaccinated with empty plasmid, CD11c(+) cells at the dLN from naïve B6 mice expressed prominent IL-12 mRNA after the T.g.HSP70 gene vaccine. |
| 6835 | 21236236 | Also, CD4(+) cells at the dLN from the mice expressed prominent interferon-γ, but not IL-4 or IL-17, mRNA at a maximum level at day 5 following vaccination. |
| 6836 | 21236236 | This T.g.HSP70 gene vaccine-induced DC activation and Th1 polarization were also observed in TRIF-deficient mice, but not MyD88-deficient mice with B6 background indicating the involvement of TLR4/MyD88 signal transduction cascade in the vaccine effects with T.g.HSP70 gene. |
| 6837 | 21236236 | The T.g.HSP70 gene vaccine (twice at a 2-week interval) has been shown to limit T. gondii loads in the mesenteric LN of WT, TLR2-deficient and TRIF-deficient mice, but neither TLR4-deficient nor MyD88-deficient mice, at an acute phase of toxoplasmosis. |
| 6838 | 21236236 | The T.g.HSP70 gene vaccine also limited cyst number in the brains of WT, TLR2-deficient and TRIF-deficient mice, but not TLR4-deficient mice at a chronic phase of toxoplasmosis. |
| 6839 | 21244466 | In this study, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-1β; Th1 cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β); and Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients was studied. |
| 6840 | 21244466 | PBMCs from the majority of patients (53-100%) spontaneously secreted detectable concentrations of all cytokines tested, except for IL2 (29%) and IL-10 (41%). |
| 6841 | 21245658 | The cytokine (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-23) profiles of DCs induced by individual TLR agonists have been evaluated. |
| 6842 | 21245658 | Using various mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors (c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK) we have demonstrated the importance of p38 MAPK and ERK signaling pathways in IL-12p70 and IL-12p40 production in DCs induced by TLR stimulation, whereas the JNK pathway appeared to have a negative regulatory role on cytokine production in DCs stimulated with certain TLR agonists. |
| 6843 | 21252390 | Additionally, the lungs, thymus, and lymph nodes of IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice evidenced high luciferase activity in response to allergens such as phthalic anhydride (PA), trimellitic anhydride, ovalbumin, gelatin, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts, and Japanese cedar pollen, whereas key allergy-related indicators including ear thickness, Immunoglobulin E concentration, and the infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes in response to PA were unaltered in the Tg mice relative to the non-Tg mice. |
| 6844 | 21268002 | MOG-pσ1's protective capacity was abrogated in IL-10(-/-) mice, but restored when adoptively transferred with MOG-pσ1-induced Treg. |
| 6845 | 21268002 | MOG-pσ1-treated mice showed elevated IL-4, IL-10, and IL-28 production by CD4(+) T cells, unlike rMOG treated or control mice that produced elevated IFN-γ or IL-17, respectively. |
| 6846 | 21336991 | The molecular weight (23 kDa) and immunogenicity of p23 gene expressed by L. casei Zhang were similar to that of the native P23 protein. |
| 6847 | 21336991 | Furthermore, the expression of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ in splenocytes of mice was detected by real-time PCR after oral immunization. |
| 6848 | 21340352 | Additionally, we studied the effects triggered by antigen-antibodies binding and the levels of key cytokines involved in the humoral response, such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 6849 | 21346053 | Vaccination with a high dose of OVA-CTLA-4-pcDNA₃.₁ significantly decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 levels and eosinophil counts and prevented OVA-induced reduction of the gamma interferon level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. |
| 6850 | 21346228 | Typical Th2 cytokines such as IL-10 or IL-4 were undetectable in 2.5mi(+) T cells, arguing against a mechanism of immune deviation. |
| 6851 | 21354479 | Although the elevation of IL-12p40 and IFN-γ was marginal (P≥0.354) in the coated group, interleukin-4 levels were significantly higher (P≥0.013) in the coated group than in the naked or control group, suggesting a predominant Th2-type CD4(+) T cell response. |
| 6852 | 21408149 | To obtain data on Th1 or Th2 dominance of the immune response in adolescents receiving an aP booster immunization after a wcP or aP primary immunization, we analyzed the concentration of Th1 (IL-2, TNF-α, INF-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokines in supernatants of lymphocyte cultures specifically stimulated with pertussis antigens. |
| 6853 | 21408149 | The vaccination also induces an increase in peripheral CD8(+)CD69(+) activated pertussis-specific memory T cells four weeks after vaccination. |
| 6854 | 21412284 | We have found that coinfection of HSV-IL-2-infected mice with recombinant viruses expressing IL-12p35, IL-12p40 or IL-12p35+IL-12p40 did not block the CNS demyelination, and that coinfection with a recombinant virus expressing interferon (IFN)-γ exacerbated it. |
| 6855 | 21412284 | In contrast, coinfection with a recombinant virus expressing IL-4 reduced demyelination, whereas coinfection of HSV-IL-2-infected mice with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing the IL-12 heterodimer (HSV-IL-12p70) blocked the CNS demyelination in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 6856 | 21412284 | Injection of mice with IL-12p35 DNA, IL-12p40 DNA, IL-12p35+IL-12p40 DNA or IL-23 DNA did not have any effect on HSV-IL-2-induced demyelination, whereas injection of IL-27 DNA increased the severity of the CNS demyelination in the HSV-IL-2-infected mice. |
| 6857 | 21412284 | This study demonstrates for the first time that IL-12p70 can block HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination and that IL-35 can also reduce this demyelination, whereas IFN-γ and IL-27 exacerbated the demyelination in the CNS of the HSV-IL-2-infected mice. |
| 6858 | 21443963 | Supernatants from in vitro stimulated PBMC were tested for cytokines associated with a T(H)1 or T(H)2 T-cell response (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-5) and only IFN-γ was associated with protection against fever and/or viremia. |
| 6859 | 21444117 | To address this, CD8(+) T cells from normal OT-I mice or OT-I mice deficient in IFNγ (IFNγ(-/-)) or the IFNγ receptor (IFNγR(-/-)) were activated in vitro in the presence of IFNγ or IL-4 to generate a series of effector populations (Tc1 and Tc2-like respectively) that secreted different levels of IFNγ and expressed different levels of HSV-specific cytolytic function. |
| 6860 | 21444117 | Compared with Tc1 cells, Tc2-like cells produced the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, exhibited decreased IFNγ secretion, diminished proliferation in vitro, and decreased antigen-specific cytolysis in vivo. |
| 6861 | 21444117 | To address this, CD8(+) T cells from normal OT-I mice or OT-I mice deficient in IFNγ (IFNγ(-/-)) or the IFNγ receptor (IFNγR(-/-)) were activated in vitro in the presence of IFNγ or IL-4 to generate a series of effector populations (Tc1 and Tc2-like respectively) that secreted different levels of IFNγ and expressed different levels of HSV-specific cytolytic function. |
| 6862 | 21444117 | Compared with Tc1 cells, Tc2-like cells produced the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, exhibited decreased IFNγ secretion, diminished proliferation in vitro, and decreased antigen-specific cytolysis in vivo. |
| 6863 | 21448311 | Similar levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokines were detected in serum of vaccinated compared with non vaccinated subjects (p > 0.05), as well as between vaccinated adults compared with vaccinated children and non vaccinated subjects (p > 0.05). |
| 6864 | 21450979 | Splenocytes from mice who had received OMPC with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine produced significantly more interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) than splenocytes from mice who received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) plus the conjugate vaccine. |
| 6865 | 21463625 | DCs were generated from peripheral blood monocytes with interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 6866 | 21463625 | Compared to DCs treated with E7 in a 2-D culture model, the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD40 were significantly increased in the 3-D model (p<0.05), and a remarkable increase of IL-12 p70 was observed. |
| 6867 | 21469087 | CD38 identifies a hypo-proliferative IL-13-secreting CD4+ T-cell subset that does not fit into existing naive and memory phenotype paradigms. |
| 6868 | 21469087 | Herein, we show that CD38 expression identifies a hypo-proliferative CD4(+) T-cell subset that, following TCR stimulation, retains expression of naive cell surface markers including CD45RA, CD62L and CCR7. |
| 6869 | 21469087 | Hypo-proliferation was mediated by reduced CD25 up-regulation upon TCR stimulation compared to CD4(+) CD38(-) cells and lack of responsiveness to exogenous IL-2. |
| 6870 | 21469087 | Instead, CD4(+) CD38(+) T cells expressed CD127, and hypo-proliferation was reversed by addition of IL-7, further associated with increased STAT5 phosphorylation. |
| 6871 | 21469087 | Activated CD4(+) CD38(+) cells had a bias towards IL-13 secretion, but not other Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 6872 | 21469087 | In comparison, the CD4(+) CD38(-) cells had a clear bias towards secretion of Th1-associated cytokines IFN-γ and TNF. |
| 6873 | 21469087 | The existence of such CD4(+) CD38(+) T cells may play an important role in pathologies such as asthma, which are associated with IL-13, but not IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 6874 | 21469087 | Coupled with responsiveness to IL-7 but not IL-2, and the involvement of CD38 ligation, our results highlight a unique T-cell subpopulation that does not fit into existing naive and memory cell paradigms. |
| 6875 | 21469087 | CD38 identifies a hypo-proliferative IL-13-secreting CD4+ T-cell subset that does not fit into existing naive and memory phenotype paradigms. |
| 6876 | 21469087 | Herein, we show that CD38 expression identifies a hypo-proliferative CD4(+) T-cell subset that, following TCR stimulation, retains expression of naive cell surface markers including CD45RA, CD62L and CCR7. |
| 6877 | 21469087 | Hypo-proliferation was mediated by reduced CD25 up-regulation upon TCR stimulation compared to CD4(+) CD38(-) cells and lack of responsiveness to exogenous IL-2. |
| 6878 | 21469087 | Instead, CD4(+) CD38(+) T cells expressed CD127, and hypo-proliferation was reversed by addition of IL-7, further associated with increased STAT5 phosphorylation. |
| 6879 | 21469087 | Activated CD4(+) CD38(+) cells had a bias towards IL-13 secretion, but not other Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 6880 | 21469087 | In comparison, the CD4(+) CD38(-) cells had a clear bias towards secretion of Th1-associated cytokines IFN-γ and TNF. |
| 6881 | 21469087 | The existence of such CD4(+) CD38(+) T cells may play an important role in pathologies such as asthma, which are associated with IL-13, but not IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 6882 | 21469087 | Coupled with responsiveness to IL-7 but not IL-2, and the involvement of CD38 ligation, our results highlight a unique T-cell subpopulation that does not fit into existing naive and memory cell paradigms. |
| 6883 | 21469112 | In this study, we show that, in mice, immunization with soluble, recombinant FliC protein flagellin (sFliC) induces Th2 responses as evidenced by Ag-specific GATA-3, IL-4 mRNA, and protein induction in CD62L(lo) CD4(+) T cells without associated IFN-γ production. |
| 6884 | 21469112 | Salmonella infection in sFliC-immunized mice resulted in augmented Th1 responses, with greater bacterial clearance and increased numbers of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells, despite the early induction of Th2 features to sFliC. |
| 6885 | 21469117 | Here, we show that IL-4 and IL-13 production is NF-κB1-dependent in mouse OVA-specific CD4(+) (OTII) T cells responding to alum-precipitated OVA (alumOVA) immunization. |
| 6886 | 21469117 | More surprisingly, we found that NF-κB1 deficiency in OTII cells also selectively impairs their CXCR5 induction by alumOVA without affecting upregulation of BCL6, IL-21, OX40 and CXCR4 mRNA and PD-1 protein. |
| 6887 | 21469117 | The selective effects of NF-κB1-deficiency on Th2 and follicular helper T cell induction do not appear to be due to altered expression of the Th2-associated transcription factors - GATA-3, c-Maf and Ikaros. |
| 6888 | 21469117 | Altogether, these results suggest that NF-κB1 regulates the expression of CXCR5 on CD4(+) T cells primed in vivo, and thus selectively controls the T-cell-dependent germinal center component of B-cell response to alumOVA. |
| 6889 | 21482422 | The result showed that three adjuvants could enhance antibody titer, T lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and IL-4 secretion of splenic lymphocyte. |
| 6890 | 21482422 | The result showed that propolis and oilemulsion could enhance the antibody titer, IL-2 and IL-4 content in serum and decrease the PPV content in blood and viscera. |
| 6891 | 21482422 | The result showed that three adjuvants could enhance antibody titer, T lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and IL-4 secretion of splenic lymphocyte. |
| 6892 | 21482422 | The result showed that propolis and oilemulsion could enhance the antibody titer, IL-2 and IL-4 content in serum and decrease the PPV content in blood and viscera. |
| 6893 | 21536790 | NWs and BALF as well as plasma of mice given nasal rPspA plus pFL contained increased levels of rPspA-specific secretory IgA and IgG Ab responses that were correlated with elevated numbers of CD8(+) and CD11b(+) DCs and interleukin 2 (IL-2)- and IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells in the nasal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs). |
| 6894 | 21565244 | SL immunization promoted a mixed Th1/Th2 response, based on cytokine analysis (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INFγ). |
| 6895 | 21593356 | The levels of DNP-KLH-specific IgG in the sera as well as keyhole limpet hemocyanin-specific IFNγ and IL-4 production by splenic CD4(+) cells were similar in the Lyc and Con pups. |
| 6896 | 21596404 | A significant increase was observed in IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in the culture supernatants of splenocytes isolated from immunized mice. |
| 6897 | 21697351 | Infection with either virus resulted in elevated expression of several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α) with a corresponding increase in transcription. |
| 6898 | 21717080 | The protective effect, as a result of vaccination, correlated with an increase in the levels of IL-10 and IL-4 cytokines as well as a skewing to Th2-dependent isotype antibodies in serum. |
| 6899 | 21722668 | In the present work we demonstrated that recombinant human calcineurin subunit B (rhCnB) stimulated the expression of the surface molecules CD83, CD80, CD86, CD40, and HLA-DR. |
| 6900 | 21722668 | It also promoted secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β by human PBMC-derived dendritic cells. |
| 6901 | 21722668 | Transcript levels of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ in the splenocytes were also upregulated when in vitro stimulated with pneumolysin. |
| 6902 | 21742003 | In this study, a novel SSI fusion protein that contains the critical toxin-antigens Stx2B and Stx1B, and the critical adhesion-antigen fragment Int281 was constructed. |
| 6903 | 21742003 | The dominant increase in IgG1 and the high level of Th2-typical cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) expression showed that SSI significantly induced Th2-mediated humoral immune response. |
| 6904 | 21742003 | In the mouse model, the SSI fusion protein not only elicited neutralizing antibodies against both Stx1 and Stx2 toxins, but also induced a high level of anti-adhesion antibodies. |
| 6905 | 21760754 | Cytokine responses of antigen-responding cells in the spleen secreted predominantly IFN-γ and IL-5 in response to BmVAL-1, and IL-4, and IL-5 in response to BmALT-2. |
| 6906 | 21782860 | To better understand the potential role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of EIAV infection and resulting immune response, we used branched DNA technology to compare the mRNA expression levels of 12 cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-8, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, and MCP-2, in equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDMs) infected with the EIAV(DLV121) vaccine strain or the parental EIAV(DLV34) pathogenic strain. |
| 6907 | 21782860 | In the early stage of infection with EIAV(DLV34) (0-24h), the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly up-regulated, while with EIAV(DLV121), expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 was markedly up-regulated. |
| 6908 | 21782860 | During the first 4 days after infection, the expression level of IL-4 in cells infected with the pathogenic strain were significantly higher than that in cells infected with the vaccine strain, but the expression of IL-1α and IL-1β induced by the vaccine strain was significantly higher than that observed with the pathogenic strain. |
| 6909 | 21782860 | To better understand the potential role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of EIAV infection and resulting immune response, we used branched DNA technology to compare the mRNA expression levels of 12 cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-8, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, and MCP-2, in equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDMs) infected with the EIAV(DLV121) vaccine strain or the parental EIAV(DLV34) pathogenic strain. |
| 6910 | 21782860 | In the early stage of infection with EIAV(DLV34) (0-24h), the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly up-regulated, while with EIAV(DLV121), expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 was markedly up-regulated. |
| 6911 | 21782860 | During the first 4 days after infection, the expression level of IL-4 in cells infected with the pathogenic strain were significantly higher than that in cells infected with the vaccine strain, but the expression of IL-1α and IL-1β induced by the vaccine strain was significantly higher than that observed with the pathogenic strain. |
| 6912 | 21782860 | To better understand the potential role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of EIAV infection and resulting immune response, we used branched DNA technology to compare the mRNA expression levels of 12 cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-8, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, and MCP-2, in equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDMs) infected with the EIAV(DLV121) vaccine strain or the parental EIAV(DLV34) pathogenic strain. |
| 6913 | 21782860 | In the early stage of infection with EIAV(DLV34) (0-24h), the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly up-regulated, while with EIAV(DLV121), expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 was markedly up-regulated. |
| 6914 | 21782860 | During the first 4 days after infection, the expression level of IL-4 in cells infected with the pathogenic strain were significantly higher than that in cells infected with the vaccine strain, but the expression of IL-1α and IL-1β induced by the vaccine strain was significantly higher than that observed with the pathogenic strain. |
| 6915 | 21795462 | The results suggested that BP5 markedly elevated serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers and antigen-specific antihemagglutinin (anti-HA) antibody (IgG) levels, induced both Th1 (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon [IFN-γ])- and Th2 (IL-4)-type cytokines, promoted the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and increased populations of CD3(+) T cells and their subsets CD4(+) (CD3(+) CD4(+)) T cells and CD8(+) (CD3(+) CD8(+)) T cells. |
| 6916 | 21820185 | The basic objective of this study was to enumerate whether co-administration of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and/or interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene along with a bivalent Newcastle disease (ND) DNA vaccine construct could modulate the immune response to the DNA vaccine in chickens. pVIVO2 vector carrying Haemaglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) and Fusion (F) genes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at its two cloning sites was used as a DNA vaccine. |
| 6917 | 21822116 | Serum cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha] were assayed using standardized methodology. |
| 6918 | 21856352 | When the plasmid contained both motifs, transfected murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells showed markedly increased levels of mRNA for immune molecules of Th1 (IFN-α, IL-12) and Th17 (IL-17, IL-23 and IL-6) responses and for T cell co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) but not for a Th2 response (IL-4 and IL-10). |
| 6919 | 21879287 | In this paper we have studied memory/naïve B cells in the elderly, evaluating surface immunoglobulin expression, production of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10, and presence of somatic hypermutation, focusing on the IgG(+)IgD(-)CD27(-) double negative (DN) B cells that are expanded in the elderly. |
| 6920 | 21879287 | Our results show that naïve B cells from young donors need a sufficiently strong stimulus to be activated "in vitro", while naïve B cells from old subjects are able to produce IL-10 and TNF-α when stimulated "physiologically" (α-CD40/IL-4), suggesting that these cells might play a role in the control of the immuno-inflammatory environment in the elderly. |
| 6921 | 21880854 | Dexamethasone reduced IFNG transcription by day 12 and IL-8 and IL-18 by days 7 to 9 and increased IL-4 on day 7. |
| 6922 | 21880854 | The ratio of IL-10 to IFNG was increased by dexamethasone on day 9. |
| 6923 | 21882046 | LsPass1-challenged mice showed no protection, however, a strong degree of protection associated to smaller lesions and high expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α by CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T and double negative CD4CD8 cells was achieved in LsPass3-challenged mice. |
| 6924 | 21882046 | Furthermore, LsPass2-challenged mice showed an intermediated degree of protection associated to high levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA. |
| 6925 | 21882046 | In spite of increased expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α, high amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA were also detected in LsPass3-challenged mice indicating a possible contribution of these cytokines for the persistence of a residual number of parasites that may be important in inducing long-lasting immunity. |
| 6926 | 21882046 | LsPass1-challenged mice showed no protection, however, a strong degree of protection associated to smaller lesions and high expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α by CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T and double negative CD4CD8 cells was achieved in LsPass3-challenged mice. |
| 6927 | 21882046 | Furthermore, LsPass2-challenged mice showed an intermediated degree of protection associated to high levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA. |
| 6928 | 21882046 | In spite of increased expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α, high amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA were also detected in LsPass3-challenged mice indicating a possible contribution of these cytokines for the persistence of a residual number of parasites that may be important in inducing long-lasting immunity. |
| 6929 | 21906881 | The production levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10, as well as the percentage of CD4(+) cells in mice vaccinated with pVAX-ROM1 were significantly increased respectively, compared to controls receiving either pVAX1 alone or PBS. |
| 6930 | 21914064 | The DNA of HBV S gene and the cDNA of the extracellular domain of human CD40 ligand were linked by cloning. |
| 6931 | 21914064 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy adults were incubated and induced into dendritic cells (DC) in presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4(IL-4). |
| 6932 | 21914064 | We find that, compared with control groups, modification of DCs with HBV S-ecdCD40L fusion gene resulted in the activation of DCs with upregulated expression of immunologically important cell surface molecules (CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12). |
| 6933 | 21945176 | Protective immunity in mice was associated with high titers of rP22-specific IgG antibodies; elevated production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10; and a reduced level of IL-4. |
| 6934 | 21945255 | We found elevated levels of the Th1 associated cytokine INF-γ, the Th2-cytokine IL-4, the proinflammatory IL-6 and IL-17A, and the regulatory cytokine IL-10. |
| 6935 | 21945396 | Recently it has been shown that IgG antibody secreting cells (ASCs) can be generated by in vitro maturation of blood cells with Interleukin- (IL-)15 and CpG DNA or other stimulation cocktails, while IgE-ASCs develop upon cultivation with anti-CD40 and IL-4. |
| 6936 | 21956503 | We worked out a protocol to study oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by determining their potency to secrete IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in response to acute treatment with hydrogen peroxide. |
| 6937 | 21956503 | We show that hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress can cause a ∼twofold decrease in the number of lymphocytes secreting the TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2, as well as chemokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha. |
| 6938 | 21956503 | However, the number of cells secreting TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in hydrogen -peroxide-treated group did not change. |
| 6939 | 21956503 | We worked out a protocol to study oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by determining their potency to secrete IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in response to acute treatment with hydrogen peroxide. |
| 6940 | 21956503 | We show that hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress can cause a ∼twofold decrease in the number of lymphocytes secreting the TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2, as well as chemokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha. |
| 6941 | 21956503 | However, the number of cells secreting TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in hydrogen -peroxide-treated group did not change. |
| 6942 | 21958369 | We measured multiple VACV-specific immune responses: neutralizing antibody titer, the level of 12 secreted cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-18), and the number of IFN-γ- and CD8(+) IFN-γ-secreting cells. |
| 6943 | 21958369 | We also detected strong correlations between the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (p<0.0001). |
| 6944 | 21972614 | Levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the splenocyte culture supernatants were determined by ELISA. |
| 6945 | 22052597 | A total of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms distributed in 6 genes (TNFRSF1A, IL12A, IL12B, IFNG, IL4, and IL10) were genotyped in 214 high-responders [hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) ≥1,000 mIU/ml] and 107 low-responders (anti-HBs: 10-99 mIU/ml). |
| 6946 | 22052597 | In addition, a significant gene-gene interaction was found: the frequency of the combined genotypes IL12A rs2243115 TT and IL12B rs17860508 CTCTAA/CTCTAA was significantly higher in the low-response group than in the high-response group (P = 0.008, odds ratio = 2.19, 95% confidence interval = 1.23-3.93). |
| 6947 | 22052597 | These findings suggest that polymorphisms in the IL12A and IL12B genes might play an important role jointly in determining the response to hepatitis B vaccination. |
| 6948 | 22063002 | Immunization with particulate formulations led to significantly increased IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ production by splenic CD4+ T-cells compared to control animals. |
| 6949 | 22066023 | Mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC or CCL28) binds to CCR3 and CCR10 and recruits IgA-secreting plasma cells (IgA-ASCs) in the mucosal lamina propria. |
| 6950 | 22066023 | Mice receiving either HIV-1(IIIB) VLPs alone, CCL28 alone, or the irrelevant CCL19 chemokine were used as controls. |
| 6951 | 22066023 | Results showed a significantly increased CCR3 and CCR10 expression on CD19(+) splenocytes of HIV-1(IIIB) VPL-CCL28-treated mice. |
| 6952 | 22066023 | HIV-1 Env-specific IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 production, total IgA, anti-Env IgA as well as gastro-intestinal mucosal IgA-secreting plasma cells were also significantly augmented in these mice. |
| 6953 | 22067741 | Yeast-surface expressed BVDV E2 protein induces a Th1/Th2 response in naïve T cells. |
| 6954 | 22067741 | S. cerevisiae activates the innate immune system by engaging pattern recognition receptors such as toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and dectin-1. |
| 6955 | 22067741 | Additionally, bovine macrophages primed with S. cerevisiae expressing viral envelope proteins had a greater capacity for stimulating proliferation of CD4+ T-cells from BVDV-free animals compared to macrophages primed with envelope protein alone or S. cerevisiae without envelope protein expression. |
| 6956 | 22067741 | Additionally, heat-inactivation of recombinant S. cerevisiae induced less INFγ and IL-4 but equal amounts of IL-10 compared to live yeast T-cell cultures. |
| 6957 | 22072720 | Increased amounts of antigen-specific gamma interferon, interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were produced from splenocytes postvaccination, but no or minimal IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 was produced, indicating Th1- and Th17-biased T cell responses. |
| 6958 | 22079980 | The soluble L. donovani Ag stimulated PBMCs of cured/exposed and Leishmania patients to produce a mixed Thl/Th2-type cytokine profile, whereas rLelF-2 stimulated the production of IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 6959 | 22079980 | Further, rLelF-2 downregulated LPS-induced IL-10 as well as soluble L. donovani Ag-induced IL-4 production by Leishmania patient PBMCs. |
| 6960 | 22079980 | The efficacy was supported by the increased inducible NO synthase mRNA transcript and Th1-type cytokines IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α and downregulation of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. |
| 6961 | 22079980 | The soluble L. donovani Ag stimulated PBMCs of cured/exposed and Leishmania patients to produce a mixed Thl/Th2-type cytokine profile, whereas rLelF-2 stimulated the production of IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 6962 | 22079980 | Further, rLelF-2 downregulated LPS-induced IL-10 as well as soluble L. donovani Ag-induced IL-4 production by Leishmania patient PBMCs. |
| 6963 | 22079980 | The efficacy was supported by the increased inducible NO synthase mRNA transcript and Th1-type cytokines IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α and downregulation of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. |
| 6964 | 22079980 | The soluble L. donovani Ag stimulated PBMCs of cured/exposed and Leishmania patients to produce a mixed Thl/Th2-type cytokine profile, whereas rLelF-2 stimulated the production of IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 6965 | 22079980 | Further, rLelF-2 downregulated LPS-induced IL-10 as well as soluble L. donovani Ag-induced IL-4 production by Leishmania patient PBMCs. |
| 6966 | 22079980 | The efficacy was supported by the increased inducible NO synthase mRNA transcript and Th1-type cytokines IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α and downregulation of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. |
| 6967 | 22087247 | Results showed that SIS affected cytokine and chemokines microenvironments such as up-regulation of IL-4 and CD30-ligand and activation of chemotactic factors LIX and KC (neutrophil chemotactic factors), MCP-1 (monocytes chemotactic factors), MIP 1-α (macrophage chemotactic factor) and lymphotactin, as well as, growth factors like M-CSF. |
| 6968 | 22087247 | However, in contrast to alum, SIS had no effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) or NLRP3, but it appeared to promote both Th1 and Th2 responses under different conditions. |
| 6969 | 22089247 | The protective response mediated by the injection of primed DCs was characterized mainly by an increased production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) and a reduction in IL-10 and IL-4 compared to those of infected mice that received saline or unprimed DCs. |
| 6970 | 22114877 | Evaluation of the immune response induced by DNA vaccines expressing MIF and MCD-1 genes of Trichinella spiralis in BALB/c mice. |
| 6971 | 22114877 | Plasmids expressing macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) of Trichinella spiralis (TsMIF), multi-cystatin-like domain protein (MCD-1) of T. spiralis (TsMCD-1), or co-expressing TsMIF and TsMCD-1 were constructed with a pVAX1 vector. |
| 6972 | 22114877 | Specific antibody levels (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgM, IgA, IgE) against the recombinant protein TsMIF-TsMCD-1, serum cytokines (interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and IL-17) and CD4+/CD8+ T cells were monitored. |
| 6973 | 22114877 | Vaccination with pVAX1-Tsmif induced moderate serum IFN-γ and increases of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but no specific immunoglobulin antibody response. |
| 6974 | 22114877 | Importantly, co-expression of TsMIF and TsMCD-1 in DNA immunization produced more serum IFN-γ and markedly enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than the single DNA vaccine of the two genes. |
| 6975 | 22119401 | The cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a potent inflammatory mediator in response to infection, and can be used as an immunological adjuvant. |
| 6976 | 22119401 | The expression of various cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells measured by fluorescent microsphere immunoassay showed that IL-1β, IL-4 and IFN-γ expression levels were up-regulated in pigs infected with vP129/swIL1β at 7 and 14 days post-infection. |
| 6977 | 22120532 | Co-stimulation with TLR3 and TLR21 ligands synergistically up-regulates Th1-cytokine IFN-γ and regulatory cytokine IL-10 expression in chicken monocytes. |
| 6978 | 22120532 | Chicken TLR3 and TLR21 (avian equivalent to mammalian TLR9) recognize poly I:C (double-stranded RNA) and CpG-ODN (a CpG-motif containing oligodeoxydinucleotide), respectively. |
| 6979 | 22120532 | The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the interaction between poly I:C and CpG-ODN on the mRNA expression levels of IFN-α and IFN-β, Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12, Th2 cytokine IL-4, and regulatory IL-10 in chicken monocytes. |
| 6980 | 22125550 | Determinations of peripheral blood cytokine and chemokine profiles following individual protein immunizations show that interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 are elicited by the three confirmed candidates, but unexpectedly interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α are not. |
| 6981 | 22131355 | The results showed that both LA4356-pH and DLD17-pH could significantly increase the specific anti-HA(1) IgA antibody level in the mucosa and the anti-HA(1) IgG level in serum, as well as stimulating the splenic lymphocyte proliferative reaction through increased expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 6982 | 22200492 | Furthermore, Ad-FL activated DCs induced IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 producing CD4(+) T cells. |
| 6983 | 22207133 | A mixed T(h)-cell response was induced as evident by the enhanced IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α-specific cytokine-forming cells. |
| 6984 | 22210400 | When antibody titers were measured from immunized animals together with IL-2, IL-4 and IFNγ production from splenocytes in vitro, we found that proteins displayed on λ were superior at eliciting an immune response in comparison to genetic immunization with λ. |
| 6985 | 22211657 | Results of cytokine and ELISpot assays also showed the capability of VLP+OMV immunogen for effective induction of IFN-gamma; and IL4 secreting cells and further suggested the promotion of Th1-oriented response that was evidenced with the increased IFN-γ/IL4 secretion ratio. |
| 6986 | 22294447 | Two weeks after three subcutaneous doses of DNA vaccine, the mice were challenged intranasally with 1 LD50 of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus, and PB1- and HA-specific antibodies, survival rate, body weight change, viral mRNA load, infectious virus titer in the lungs, cytokines IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10, and granzyme-B were measured. |
| 6987 | 22308307 | This issue is especially pertinent given recent data showing that memory-like CD8 T cells can be generated in the thymus, in a bystander response to IL-4. |
| 6988 | 22310204 | The results showed that the group immunized with pcDNA-IMP1 developed a high level of specific antibody responses against Escherichia coli expressed recombinant TgIMP1, with high IgG antibody titers, predominance of IgG2a production, a strong lymphoproliferative response, and significant levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 production compared with the control groups. |
| 6989 | 22327491 | Adoptive transfer of in vitro isolated lymphocyte subsets revealed that reconstituting mice with IsdB specific CD3+ or CD4+ T-cells conferred antigen specific protection while CD8(+) T-cells, CD19(+) B-cells and plasma cells (CD138(high)B220(int)CD19(lo)) alone were not protective. |
| 6990 | 22327491 | A combination of CD3(+) T-cells plus CD19(+) B-cells conferred protection in CB-17 SCID mice, whereas bovine serum albumin (BSA) immune lymphocytes did not confer protection. |
| 6991 | 22327491 | In vitro assays indicated that isolated IsdB specific splenocytes from immunized mice produced abundant IL-17A, much less IFN-γ and no detectable IL-4. |
| 6992 | 22327491 | IL-23 deficient mice were not protected from a lethal challenge by IsdB vaccination, pointing to a critical role for CD4(+) Th17 in IsdB-mediated vaccination. |
| 6993 | 22327491 | Neutralizing IL-17A, but not IL-22 in vivo significantly increased mortality in IsdB immunized mice; whereas, neutralizing IFN-γ did not alter IsdB-mediated protection. |
| 6994 | 22342709 | BCG vaccination did not significantly modulate the levels of serum IFN-γ and the frequency of splenic PPD-reactive IFN-γ-secreting T cells, but significantly decreased the levels of serum TNF-α and PPD-specific IL-4 responses at 3 weeks post challenge. |
| 6995 | 22365841 | Murine bone marrow-derived DCs were cultured and matured with LPS, IL-4 and IFN-γ (type-1 polarized DCs), and with LPS alone (non-polarized DCs). |
| 6996 | 22379063 | Levels of IgG antibody, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10 were examined. |
| 6997 | 22379063 | The levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgG, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12 increased significantly, and the numbers of cysts in brains decreased more obviously, in the group immunized with plasmid pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1 than in the other groups (P < 0.05). |
| 6998 | 22386518 | Vaccination with VLP and α-galactosylceramide activated splenic iNKT cells to produce IFN-γ and IL-4, led to the generation of antigen-specific T cells that protected prophylactically against subcutaneous tumor challenge, and was more effective at generating anti-tumor immune responses than either component individually. |
| 6999 | 22427637 | Bcl6 and Maf cooperate to instruct human follicular helper CD4 T cell differentiation. |
| 7000 | 22427637 | The introduction of Bcl6 expression in primary human CD4 T cells resulted in the regulation of a core set of migration genes that enable trafficking to germinal centers: CXCR4, CXCR5, CCR7, and EBI2. |
| 7001 | 22427637 | Bcl6 expression also induced a module of protein expression critical for T-B interactions, including SAP, CD40L, PD-1, ICOS, and CXCL13. |
| 7002 | 22427637 | This constitutes direct evidence for Bcl6 control of most of these functions and includes three genes known to be loci of severe human genetic immunodeficiencies (CD40L, SH2D1A, and ICOS). |
| 7003 | 22427637 | Introduction of Bcl6 did not alter the expression of IL-21 or IL-4, the primary cytokines of human Tfh cells. |
| 7004 | 22427637 | Coexpression of Bcl6 and Maf revealed that Bcl6 and Maf cooperate in the induction of CXCR4, PD-1, and ICOS. |
| 7005 | 22427637 | Altogether, these findings reveal that Bcl6 and Maf collaborate to orchestrate a suite of genes that define core characteristics of human Tfh cell biology. |
| 7006 | 22428079 | The large extracellular loop of the Schistosoma mansoni tetraspanin, Sm-TSP-2, when fused to a thioredoxin partner and formulated with Freund's adjuvants, has been shown to be an efficacious vaccine against murine schistosomiasis. |
| 7007 | 22428079 | The enhanced protection obtained with the chimeric fusion protein was associated with increased production of anti-Sm-TSP-2 antibodies and IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ from spleen cells of vaccinated animals. |
| 7008 | 22441393 | Short-term HAART resulted in a moderate increase in the expression of PD-1 on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells; yet, there was still a significant reduction in viral load and recovery of CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7009 | 22441393 | There were no significant changes in the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) or Th-2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) in the corresponding samples. |
| 7010 | 22465737 | The results showed that the mice immunized with pVAX-Enol developed a high level of specific antibody responses against A. suum, a strong lymphoproliferative response, and significant levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 production, compared with the other groups immunized with empty plasmid or blank controls, respectively. |
| 7011 | 22507968 | Furthermore, CD8(+) splenocytes for IFN-γ positive cell assay and the release profile of Th1/Th2 type cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, and IL-4) showed that hydrogel/Ad-GPZ generated an overwhelmingly enhanced Th1 biased cellular immune response. |
| 7012 | 22511971 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated in vitro with inactivated CpHV-1 produced high levels of soluble IFN-gamma and exhibited high frequencies of IFN-gamma producing cells while soluble IL-4 was undetectable. |
| 7013 | 22518008 | However, mice that were vaccinated twice with the DNA vaccine and boosted with the IPV could mount a sufficient neutralizing antibody response against live PHE-CoV, with little variation in IgG1 and IgG2a levels, and showed high levels of IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 7014 | 22521604 | Analysis of cytokine production by stimulated splenocytes demonstrated that prenatal Cd exposure decreased IL-2 and IL-4 production by cells from female offspring at 2weeks of age. |
| 7015 | 22521604 | CD4(+)FoxP3(+)CD25(+) (nTreg) cell percentages were increased in the spleen and thymus in all Cd-exposed offspring except in the female spleen where a decrease was seen. |
| 7016 | 22521604 | CD8(+)CD223(+) T cells were markedly decreased in the spleens in all offspring at 7weeks of age. |
| 7017 | 22552442 | We found that pcDNA3.1-T-bet-Ag85B not only induced evidently higher IgG2a antibody responses, but also increased the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2 with the concomitant repression of IL-4 and IL-10 compared with pcDNA3.1-Ag85B alone or the empty vector. |
| 7018 | 22582289 | In both experiments I and II, a 15-μg IL-4-plasmid injection decreased fecal oocyst shedding, decreased the number of CD8(+) cells in the cecal tonsils, and decreased cecal tonsil lymphocyte cell proliferation postcoccidia challenge. |
| 7019 | 22648753 | Blood samples were obtained weekly to determine serum neutralizing (SN) antibody titers to IBRV, BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and PI-3 and cytokine levels for IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), and IFN-γ (interferon-gamma). |
| 7020 | 22675156 | Concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, CXCL8 (IL-8), IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were measured by multiplex cytokine array. |
| 7021 | 22675156 | When M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages were cocultured with monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells, IFN-γ (P = 0.01), TNF-α (P = 0.04), IL-10 (P < 0.001), and IL-6 (P = 0.03) exhibited similar continua of responses, with uninfected persons producing the lowest levels, followed by extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases, pulmonary tuberculosis controls, and persons with latent M. tuberculosis infection. |
| 7022 | 22675156 | A similar pattern was observed with CXCL8 (P = 0.04), IL-10 (P = 0.02), and CCL2 (P = 0.03) when monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the four groups were cultured alone. |
| 7023 | 22704924 | Protection was associated with a pronounced enhancement of parasite-specific IFNγ-producing cells and reduction of cells producing IL-10, whereas IL-4 production was comparable in protected and non-protected mice. |
| 7024 | 22705080 | The cellular immune response levels in the co-inoculation groups were higher than those groups receiving the PPV oil emulsion vaccine alone, with the phenomena of higher level of IFN-γ, a little IL-6 and a trace of IL-4 in serum, and a vigorous T-cell response. |
| 7025 | 22720235 | While T cells loaded with a class I-restricted peptide induced proliferation but not effector differentiation of antigen-specific CD8 T cells, injection of T cells co-pulsed with αGC strongly induced IFNγ and Granzyme B expression in T cells and complete lysis of target cells in vivo. |
| 7026 | 22720235 | Of note, the generation of this cytotoxic T cell response was independent of IL-4, IFNγ, IL-12, IL-21 and costimulation. |
| 7027 | 22735846 | The expression of intracellular cytokines (IL-2, IL-4 and IFNγ) in CD4+- and CD8+-cells was also enhanced following in-vitro stimulation with SE22. |
| 7028 | 22745375 | Expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells could evolve into effector cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-17, or perforin after L. monocytogenes infection, and some effector Vγ2Vδ2 T cells could coproduce IL-17 and IFN-γ, IL-4 and IFN-γ, or TNF-α and perforin. |
| 7029 | 22798686 | Type II NKT cells facilitated production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and antibody by LN and splenocyte cultures following Alum/antigen administration in vivo and antigen restimulation in vitro. |
| 7030 | 22798686 | Addition of IL-4 and IL-5 to type II NKT-deficient cultures restored in vitro antibody production. |
| 7031 | 22798686 | Type II NKT cells facilitated production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and antibody by LN and splenocyte cultures following Alum/antigen administration in vivo and antigen restimulation in vitro. |
| 7032 | 22798686 | Addition of IL-4 and IL-5 to type II NKT-deficient cultures restored in vitro antibody production. |
| 7033 | 22802961 | CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) do not only influence self-antigen specific immune responses, but also dampen the protective effect induced by a number of vaccines. |
| 7034 | 22802961 | The impact of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs on vaccines against schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease that is a major public health concern, however, has not been examined. |
| 7035 | 22802961 | IFN-γ, GM-CSF and IL-4) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (e.g. |
| 7036 | 22802961 | IL-10), with CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells being one of the major sources of both IFN-γ and IL-10. |
| 7037 | 22802961 | These findings indicate that partial CD25(+) cell depletion fails to enhance the effectiveness of the schistosome vaccine, possibly due to IL-10 production by CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells, or other cell types, after CD25(+) cell depletion during vaccination. |
| 7038 | 22802978 | Dendritic cell-mediated vaccination relies on interleukin-4 receptor signaling to avoid tissue damage after Leishmania major infection of BALB/c mice. |
| 7039 | 22825591 | Several studies provided evidence of innate interferons (IFNs) regulating T(H)2 cytokine production using purified CD4(+) memory cells and T(H)2 polarisation via interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 7040 | 22825591 | IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-13 protein levels were measured by ELISA. |
| 7041 | 22829882 | With regard to cytokines, the SAP led to production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-4. |
| 7042 | 22829882 | IFA promoted production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 7043 | 22829882 | We also observed that MPL induced high production of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, in addition to IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10. |
| 7044 | 22829882 | With regard to cytokines, the SAP led to production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-4. |
| 7045 | 22829882 | IFA promoted production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 7046 | 22829882 | We also observed that MPL induced high production of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, in addition to IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10. |
| 7047 | 22846987 | Furthermore, the elicited IL-2, IL-4 and γ-IFN levels showed good correlation with the degree of protection. |
| 7048 | 22855393 | The response is contact dependent and major histocompatibility complex class II dependent and primarily involves CD3(+) CD4(+) CD8(-) T cells. |
| 7049 | 22855393 | Although many of these FoxP3(+) T cells are capable of producing the effector cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), they are more likely to produce IL-10 and less likely to produce IFN-γ than equivalent FoxP3(-) cells. |
| 7050 | 22861368 | Multi-parameter flow cytometry was used to delineate CD4(+) T cell populations and phenotypes producing interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-4. |
| 7051 | 22861368 | Based on surface CD69 expression, infants demonstrated activation of vaccine antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells similar to adults. |
| 7052 | 22861368 | However, among infants, Boolean combinations of gates suggested that type 1 (Th-1) CD4(+) T cell responses were confined largely to TNF-α(+) IL-2(+) IFN-γ(-) or TNF-α(+) IL-2(-) IFN-γ(-) . |
| 7053 | 22861368 | A significantly lower percentage of polyfunctional T helper type 1 (Th1) responses (TNF-α(+) IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) ) and type 2 (Th2) responses (IL-4) were present in the infants compared to adults. |
| 7054 | 22861368 | Moreover, a significantly higher percentage of infants' functional CD4(+) T cells were restricted to CD45RA(-) CCR7(+) CD27(+) phenotype, consistent with early-stage differentiated pertussis-specific memory CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7055 | 22861368 | Multi-parameter flow cytometry was used to delineate CD4(+) T cell populations and phenotypes producing interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-4. |
| 7056 | 22861368 | Based on surface CD69 expression, infants demonstrated activation of vaccine antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells similar to adults. |
| 7057 | 22861368 | However, among infants, Boolean combinations of gates suggested that type 1 (Th-1) CD4(+) T cell responses were confined largely to TNF-α(+) IL-2(+) IFN-γ(-) or TNF-α(+) IL-2(-) IFN-γ(-) . |
| 7058 | 22861368 | A significantly lower percentage of polyfunctional T helper type 1 (Th1) responses (TNF-α(+) IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) ) and type 2 (Th2) responses (IL-4) were present in the infants compared to adults. |
| 7059 | 22861368 | Moreover, a significantly higher percentage of infants' functional CD4(+) T cells were restricted to CD45RA(-) CCR7(+) CD27(+) phenotype, consistent with early-stage differentiated pertussis-specific memory CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7060 | 22894948 | The combination of chemotherapy with P10 immunization showed additive protective effect even after 30 d of infection or in anergic mice, rendering in general, increased production of IL-12 and IFN-γ and reduction of IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 7061 | 22894960 | The CD3(+), CD127(+), CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells were increased significantly post vaccination. |
| 7062 | 22894960 | The plasma level of the transforming growth factor (TGF-β), but not interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, was also found to increase significantly after vaccination. |
| 7063 | 22896622 | In a Th2-skewed formalin-inactivated (FI)-RSV vaccination model, the prebiotic diet reduced RSV-specific Th2 cytokine (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-5, and IL-13)-producing CD4(+) T cells in the lung and the magnitude of airway eosinophilia at day 4 and 6 after infection. |
| 7064 | 22896622 | This was accompanied by a decreased influx of inflammatory dendritic cells (CD11b(+)/CD11c(+)) and increased numbers of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells at day 8 after viral challenge. |
| 7065 | 22896622 | These findings suggest that specific dietary oligosaccharides can influence trafficking and/or effector functions of innate immune, CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cell subsets in the lungs of RSV-infected mice. |
| 7066 | 22904313 | Peripheral blood monocytes were treated with GM-CSF and IL-4 to yield immature DCs, which were matured by addition of LPS and CD40 ligand (CD40L), with or without ESAT-6. |
| 7067 | 22904313 | ESAT-6 inhibited LPS/CD40L-induced DC expression of costimulatory molecules, reduced DC-stimulated allogeneic T cell proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-γ production, and enhanced IL-17 production. |
| 7068 | 22904313 | ESAT-6 inhibited LPS/CD40L-induced DC production of IL-12 and enhanced that of IL-23 and IL-1β, without affecting secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-8 through specific interaction with immature DCs. |
| 7069 | 22904313 | Medium from ESAT-6-conditioned DCs increased IL-17 and reduced IFN-γ production by T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, and ESAT-6-induced IL-17 production was blocked by neutralizing both IL-23 and IL-1β. |
| 7070 | 22904313 | ESAT-6 reduced LPS/CD40L-stimulated transcription of IL-12p35 and enhanced that of IL-23p19 through inhibition of IFN regulatory factor-1 and upregulation of activating transcription factor-2 and c-Jun, transcriptional regulators of IL-12p35 and IL-23p19, respectively. |
| 7071 | 22904313 | We conclude that ESAT-6 increases DC production of IL-23 and IL-1β while inhibiting that of IL-12, thus enhancing Th17 at the expense of protective Th1 responses. |
| 7072 | 22915989 | The purpose of this study is to determine whether DCs are generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNs) by using cytokines such as F1t-3 ligand (FL), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, and TNF-α, and whether cytotoxic T cells activated against the thyroid cancer tissues by the DCs. |
| 7073 | 22915989 | DCs were established from PBMNs by culturing in the presence of FL, GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-α for 14 days. |
| 7074 | 22915989 | The immunophenotypic features of DCs such as CDla, CD83, and CD86 were analyzed by immunofluorelescence microscopy. |
| 7075 | 22915989 | The purpose of this study is to determine whether DCs are generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNs) by using cytokines such as F1t-3 ligand (FL), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, and TNF-α, and whether cytotoxic T cells activated against the thyroid cancer tissues by the DCs. |
| 7076 | 22915989 | DCs were established from PBMNs by culturing in the presence of FL, GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-α for 14 days. |
| 7077 | 22915989 | The immunophenotypic features of DCs such as CDla, CD83, and CD86 were analyzed by immunofluorelescence microscopy. |
| 7078 | 22919627 | Levels of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgM, the induction of the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and the production of IFN-γ were measured in lymphocyte cultures. |
| 7079 | 22922658 | We analyzed the production of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 cytokine by lymphocytes and CD4 T-cells using ELISPOT and FACS assays; we then measured CD4 T-cell proliferation using a CFSE-based lymphoproliferation assay. |
| 7080 | 22933399 | PA-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) CD4(+) cell frequencies and T cell stimulation indices were sustained through 50.5 months (the last time point measured). |
| 7081 | 22940015 | We evaluated IFN-γ, IL-4 TNF-α, and IL-10 levels as well as humoral response of ESA-immunized AS/n mice. |
| 7082 | 22940015 | ESA, also, activated cells from immunized mice to produce IL-4 and IL-10 in lower levels compared to those cells collected from chronic mice but sufficient to modulate IFN-γ and TNF-α synthesis, preventing an excessive immune response that could cause extensive inflammation and host tissue damage. |
| 7083 | 22940015 | The immunization assays showed that ESA can elicit high IgG1, IFN-γ and TNF-α production and, a lower amount of IgM, IgG2, IL-10 and IL-4, suggesting a mixed Th1/Th2 profile. |
| 7084 | 22940015 | We evaluated IFN-γ, IL-4 TNF-α, and IL-10 levels as well as humoral response of ESA-immunized AS/n mice. |
| 7085 | 22940015 | ESA, also, activated cells from immunized mice to produce IL-4 and IL-10 in lower levels compared to those cells collected from chronic mice but sufficient to modulate IFN-γ and TNF-α synthesis, preventing an excessive immune response that could cause extensive inflammation and host tissue damage. |
| 7086 | 22940015 | The immunization assays showed that ESA can elicit high IgG1, IFN-γ and TNF-α production and, a lower amount of IgM, IgG2, IL-10 and IL-4, suggesting a mixed Th1/Th2 profile. |
| 7087 | 22940015 | We evaluated IFN-γ, IL-4 TNF-α, and IL-10 levels as well as humoral response of ESA-immunized AS/n mice. |
| 7088 | 22940015 | ESA, also, activated cells from immunized mice to produce IL-4 and IL-10 in lower levels compared to those cells collected from chronic mice but sufficient to modulate IFN-γ and TNF-α synthesis, preventing an excessive immune response that could cause extensive inflammation and host tissue damage. |
| 7089 | 22940015 | The immunization assays showed that ESA can elicit high IgG1, IFN-γ and TNF-α production and, a lower amount of IgM, IgG2, IL-10 and IL-4, suggesting a mixed Th1/Th2 profile. |
| 7090 | 22960278 | Importantly, Bla g 2 vaccine could induce the production of antigen-specific IFN-γ and downregulated Th2 pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. |
| 7091 | 22992895 | Levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13 were measured by ELISA in the supernatants of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in response to schistosoma egg soluble antigen (SEA) in the presence and absence of R848. |
| 7092 | 23000126 | The recombinant membrane-associated proteins of Coxiella burnetii, Com1, Mip and GroEL, were used in vitro to stimulate BALB/c mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). |
| 7093 | 23000126 | After in vitro interaction with cognate antigen-pulsed BMDCs, the percentages of CD69-positive cells and TNF-α-positive cells in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells isolated from the spleens of mice receiving Com1-, Mip-, or GroEL-pulsed BMDCs were significantly higher than that of mice receiving mock-pulsed BMDCs in flow cytometric analysis. |
| 7094 | 23000126 | The percentages of IFN-γ-positive cells in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from mice receiving Com1- or Mip-pulsed BMDCs were significantly greater than that of mice receiving GroEL-pulsed BMDCs. |
| 7095 | 23000126 | However, the percentage of IL-4-positive cells in CD4(+) T cells of mice receiving GroEL-pulsed BMDCs was obviously higher than that of mice receiving Com1- or Mip-pulsed BMDCs. |
| 7096 | 23000222 | The cytokine profile varied at various time points after immunization and challenge, which showed down regulation of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12 and IL-17). |
| 7097 | 23015648 | Coinjection of pVAX/IL-18 significantly increased the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 7098 | 23020088 | ChlGRA4 immunization elicited both a mucosal immune response characterized by the production of specific IgA, and IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 secretion by mesenteric lymph node cells, and a systemic response in terms of GRA4-specific serum antibodies and secretion of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 by splenocytes. |
| 7099 | 23027937 | NKT cell-induced proliferation of memory Th1 and Th2 cells was dependent largely on the production of IL-2, with Th2-cell proliferation also affected by loss of IL-4. |
| 7100 | 23028860 | Previously we have screened out Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 (IGFBP7) as a differentially expressed gene in post-implantation uterus versus pre-implantation uterus by suppressive subtractive hybridation. |
| 7101 | 23028860 | After specific inhibition of IGFBP7, the T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine IFNγ, was significantly elevated (p<0.05) and the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, were reduced in uteri (p<0.05). |
| 7102 | 23028860 | The expression of decidualization marker IGFBP1 and angiogenesis regulator VEGF were declined in uteri (p<0.05). |
| 7103 | 23028860 | The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins, caspase3 and Bcl-2, were also declined (p<0.05). |
| 7104 | 23046358 | Protection was accompanied by an IgG1-biased anti-NcPDI response upon infection and significantly increased expression of Th2 (IL-4/IL-10) and IL-17 transcripts in spleen compared with corresponding values in mice treated with CT only. |
| 7105 | 23049855 | The vaccinated hamsters demonstrated a surge in IFN-ã, TNF-á and IL-12 levels but extreme down-regulation of IL-10 and IL-4 along with profound delayed type hypersensitivity and increased levels of Leishmania-specific IgG2 antibody. |
| 7106 | 23071675 | We have generated a mucin-type immunoglobulin fusion protein (PSGL-1/mIgG(2b)), which upon expression in the yeast Pichia pastoris became multivalently substituted with O-linked oligomannose structures and bound the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) with high affinity in vitro. |
| 7107 | 23071675 | Here, its effects on the humoral and cellular anti-ovalbumin (OVA) responses in C57BL/6 mice are presented.OVA antibody class and subclass responses were determined by ELISA, the generation of anti-OVA CTLs was assessed in (51)Cr release assays using in vitro-stimulated immune spleen cells from the different groups of mice as effector cells and OVA peptide-fed RMA-S cells as targets, and evaluation of the type of Th cell response was done by IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 ELISpot assays.Immunizations with the OVA - mannosylated PSGL-1/mIgG(2b) conjugate, especially when combined with the AbISCO®-100 adjuvant, lead to faster, stronger and broader (with regard to IgG subclass) OVA IgG responses, a stronger OVA-specific CTL response and stronger Th1 and Th2 responses than if OVA was used alone or together with AbISCO®-100. |
| 7108 | 23085043 | ML-I produced significant amount of IL-1 and IL-4 as compared to ML-II. |
| 7109 | 23090076 | The cytokines granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 are frequently used for generating dendritic cells (DCs) for therapeutic vaccination against cancer. |
| 7110 | 23090076 | Although previous studies have identified combinations of toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-Ls) that induce optimal activation of GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs in vitro, the conditions for optimal activation of Flt3L-DCs have not been established. |
| 7111 | 23090076 | Pam3Cys/Poly I:C-treated cDCs also displayed enhanced capacity to present antigen to CD4(+) T cells, and cross-present to CD8(+) T cells, increasing T-cell proliferation in vitro. |
| 7112 | 23090076 | However, the numbers of cDCs required for protection were higher than the numbers of optimally activated GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs required for a similar effect. |
| 7113 | 23090076 | Our results show that combined TLR stimulation can enhance both the phenotypic and functional properties of Flt3L-DCs, but even under conditions of optimal activation these cells are not superior in activity to GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs in vivo. |
| 7114 | 23090076 | The cytokines granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 are frequently used for generating dendritic cells (DCs) for therapeutic vaccination against cancer. |
| 7115 | 23090076 | Although previous studies have identified combinations of toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-Ls) that induce optimal activation of GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs in vitro, the conditions for optimal activation of Flt3L-DCs have not been established. |
| 7116 | 23090076 | Pam3Cys/Poly I:C-treated cDCs also displayed enhanced capacity to present antigen to CD4(+) T cells, and cross-present to CD8(+) T cells, increasing T-cell proliferation in vitro. |
| 7117 | 23090076 | However, the numbers of cDCs required for protection were higher than the numbers of optimally activated GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs required for a similar effect. |
| 7118 | 23090076 | Our results show that combined TLR stimulation can enhance both the phenotypic and functional properties of Flt3L-DCs, but even under conditions of optimal activation these cells are not superior in activity to GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs in vivo. |
| 7119 | 23090076 | The cytokines granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 are frequently used for generating dendritic cells (DCs) for therapeutic vaccination against cancer. |
| 7120 | 23090076 | Although previous studies have identified combinations of toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-Ls) that induce optimal activation of GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs in vitro, the conditions for optimal activation of Flt3L-DCs have not been established. |
| 7121 | 23090076 | Pam3Cys/Poly I:C-treated cDCs also displayed enhanced capacity to present antigen to CD4(+) T cells, and cross-present to CD8(+) T cells, increasing T-cell proliferation in vitro. |
| 7122 | 23090076 | However, the numbers of cDCs required for protection were higher than the numbers of optimally activated GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs required for a similar effect. |
| 7123 | 23090076 | Our results show that combined TLR stimulation can enhance both the phenotypic and functional properties of Flt3L-DCs, but even under conditions of optimal activation these cells are not superior in activity to GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs in vivo. |
| 7124 | 23090076 | The cytokines granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 are frequently used for generating dendritic cells (DCs) for therapeutic vaccination against cancer. |
| 7125 | 23090076 | Although previous studies have identified combinations of toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-Ls) that induce optimal activation of GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs in vitro, the conditions for optimal activation of Flt3L-DCs have not been established. |
| 7126 | 23090076 | Pam3Cys/Poly I:C-treated cDCs also displayed enhanced capacity to present antigen to CD4(+) T cells, and cross-present to CD8(+) T cells, increasing T-cell proliferation in vitro. |
| 7127 | 23090076 | However, the numbers of cDCs required for protection were higher than the numbers of optimally activated GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs required for a similar effect. |
| 7128 | 23090076 | Our results show that combined TLR stimulation can enhance both the phenotypic and functional properties of Flt3L-DCs, but even under conditions of optimal activation these cells are not superior in activity to GM-CSF/IL-4 DCs in vivo. |
| 7129 | 23179586 | We have recently developed a highly efficient mouse dominant negative IL-4/IL-13 DNA vaccine, which blocks both IL-4 and IL-13 signal transductions, resulting in the amelioration of atopic reaction. |
| 7130 | 23196208 | The transgenic rice seeds expressing the MOMP protein were administered by the oral route to BALB/c mice, which developed MOMP-specific serum IgG and fecal IgA antibodies and a splenocyte MOMP-specific proliferative response and significant levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and TGF-β production. |
| 7131 | 23212119 | The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, and glutaminase was measured. |
| 7132 | 23212119 | There was a significant increase in IL-2 production and decrease in IL-4 in the trained group compared with sedentary controls. |
| 7133 | 23212119 | IL-2R and TNFR increased in trained rats while IL-4R decreased and were more pronounced in T lymphocytes compared with B lymphocytes. |
| 7134 | 23212119 | In both lymphocyte subsets, exercise training significantly increased the expression of CD54+ and CD30+ cell markers. |
| 7135 | 23228812 | Upon in vitro stimulation of splenocytes from mice immunized with recombinant Ag85B, the highest levels of secreted IFN-γ and IL-2 were detected in mice immunized with the autophagy-inducing plasmid, while no differences in IL-4 levels were detected between the groups, suggesting that the DNA vaccine regimen with autophagy induction induced primarily a Th1 immune response. |
| 7136 | 23251517 | We found that vaccination of cattle with BCG overexpressing Ag85B induced higher production of IL-17 and IL-4 mRNA upon purified protein derivative (PPDB) stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) than vaccination with BCG. |
| 7137 | 23252743 | Immunization with the rTs-Adsp antigen induced both humoral and cellular immune responses, which manifested as elevated specific anti-rTs-Adsp IgG and IgE antibodies and a mixed Th1-Th2 response, as determined by Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) cytokine profiling, with the Th2 predominant. |
| 7138 | 23264407 | The cells were stimulated in vitro with rHBsAg and the concentration of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ were quantitated in culture supernatant by sandwich ELISA. |
| 7139 | 23264407 | Significant diminished secretion of both Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines was observed in HBsAg-stimulated PBMC from vaccinees expressing the HLA-DR7 compared to DR7 negative vaccinees. |
| 7140 | 23264407 | While HBsAg-stimulated PBMC of DR13+ subjects produced lower levels of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), those of HLA-B8+ or HLA-A9+ subjects produced higher levels of Th2-type cytokines. |
| 7141 | 23264407 | The cells were stimulated in vitro with rHBsAg and the concentration of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ were quantitated in culture supernatant by sandwich ELISA. |
| 7142 | 23264407 | Significant diminished secretion of both Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines was observed in HBsAg-stimulated PBMC from vaccinees expressing the HLA-DR7 compared to DR7 negative vaccinees. |
| 7143 | 23264407 | While HBsAg-stimulated PBMC of DR13+ subjects produced lower levels of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), those of HLA-B8+ or HLA-A9+ subjects produced higher levels of Th2-type cytokines. |
| 7144 | 23264407 | The cells were stimulated in vitro with rHBsAg and the concentration of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ were quantitated in culture supernatant by sandwich ELISA. |
| 7145 | 23264407 | Significant diminished secretion of both Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines was observed in HBsAg-stimulated PBMC from vaccinees expressing the HLA-DR7 compared to DR7 negative vaccinees. |
| 7146 | 23264407 | While HBsAg-stimulated PBMC of DR13+ subjects produced lower levels of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), those of HLA-B8+ or HLA-A9+ subjects produced higher levels of Th2-type cytokines. |
| 7147 | 23284979 | Upon differentiation of CD14+ with IL-4 and GM-CSF, DC were induced to maturation with TNF-α, PGE(2), IL-1β, and IL-6. |
| 7148 | 23291932 | In particular, when AHc and IL-4 were co-expressed within the same replicon vaccine vector using dual-expression or bicistronic IRES, the anti-AHc antibody titers, serum neutralization titers and survival rates of immunized mice after challenged with BoNT/A were significantly increased. |
| 7149 | 23318779 | Activation markers (CD25 and CD69) were measured after 44h (n=8), cytokines in supernatant after 3 and 7days, and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) of proliferated cells (identified by dye dilution) after 7days (n=6). |
| 7150 | 23318779 | Vaccination increased TT-specific expression of CD25 and CD69 on CD3(+)CD4(+) lymphocytes, and TT-specific proliferation at 7, 14 and 28days post vaccination. |
| 7151 | 23318779 | Vaccination induced TT-specific Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) Th2 (IL-13, IL-5, and IL-4), Th17 (IL-17A) and IL-10(+) cells as measured by ICS. |
| 7152 | 23318779 | TT-specific Th1 cells were the most abundant (12-15% of all TT-specific CD4(+) T-cells) while IL10(+) (1.8%) Th17 (1.1%) and Th2 cells (0.2-0.6%) were less abundant. |
| 7153 | 23349877 | Genotoxic stress and RAS induce the expression of CD155, a ligand for the immune receptors DNAM-1, CD96 and TIGIT. |
| 7154 | 23349877 | Induction of CD155 by Toll-like receptors depended on MYD88, TRIF and NF-κB. |
| 7155 | 23349877 | Splenocytes of immunized CD155-deficient mice secreted lower levels of IL-4 and fewer IL-4 and GATA-3 expressing CD4(+) T cells were present in the spleen of Cd155(-/-) mice. |
| 7156 | 23354599 | We found that alphα-synuclein (α-syn) antibody significantly increased, IL-4 increased and IFN-r reduced in the serum of immunized C57BL/6 mice in optimized DNA vaccine group. |
| 7157 | 23354599 | The preventive immunization with optimized DNA vaccine made the motor symptoms improved significantly, the apoptosis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neuron and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression significantly decreased in MPTP model mice. |
| 7158 | 23357857 | Immunization of mice with this DNA vaccine construct resulted in significant elevation of cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10, and total IgG as compared with control groups immunized with either the empty DNA vector or saline. |
| 7159 | 23376446 | Expression levels of INF-γ and IL-4, which are characteristic cytokines secreted during Th1-like and Th2-like immune responses, respectively, were unchanged in vaccinated animals as compared to control animals. |
| 7160 | 23376446 | Expression levels of TNF-α and some related molecules, such as ADAM17, FasL, CD40 and TRAF3 were also elevated. |
| 7161 | 23392631 | In contrast, immunization with the commercial vaccine induced higher production of IL-4 and IL-10 in mice than mice vaccinated with VLPs. |
| 7162 | 23395585 | Chickens immunized with plasmid pCAGVP243-IL-18 carrying both VP243 and IL-18 genes induced significantly higher levels of antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation responses and of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γ than those injected with pCAGVP243 encoding the VP243 gene alone. |
| 7163 | 23395588 | Moreover, higher levels of IL-12 and TNF-α and lower levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were observed in the serum of Gp96N-vaccinated piglets compared to piglets immunized with no Gp96N, displaying a predominant Th1 type of immune response induced by Gp96N. |
| 7164 | 23396889 | Therapeutic DCs were cultured from either CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells with GM-CSF, SCF and IL-4 for 14 days (SDC) or monocytes with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days (MoDC). |
| 7165 | 23396889 | The proportion of CD11c(+)CD8a(+) cells was similar in both DC cultures. |
| 7166 | 23405091 | In the prevention studies, anti-CD20 plus proinsulin resulted in modest increases in Tregs in pancreatic lymph nodes and elevated levels of proinsulin-specific CD4+ T-cells that produced IL-4. |
| 7167 | 23405091 | Thus, combination therapy with anti-CD20 and either oral insulin or proinsulin does not protect hyperglycemic NOD mice, but the combination with proinsulin offers limited efficacy in T1D prevention, potentially by augmentation of proinsulin-specific IL-4 production. |
| 7168 | 23405091 | In the prevention studies, anti-CD20 plus proinsulin resulted in modest increases in Tregs in pancreatic lymph nodes and elevated levels of proinsulin-specific CD4+ T-cells that produced IL-4. |
| 7169 | 23405091 | Thus, combination therapy with anti-CD20 and either oral insulin or proinsulin does not protect hyperglycemic NOD mice, but the combination with proinsulin offers limited efficacy in T1D prevention, potentially by augmentation of proinsulin-specific IL-4 production. |
| 7170 | 23433648 | Cytokine profiling in the co-immunization group showed a significant increase in the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ in the splenocytes of mice upon stimulation with the recombinant Ts87 protein; however, the expression of IL-17 was down-regulated. |
| 7171 | 23436220 | The concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and Rantes in serum, and IL-1α in mesenteric lymph node and MIP-1β in spleen were significantly increased by DON treatment compared to control. |
| 7172 | 23436220 | The concentrations of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-12, IL-13 and Rantes in thymus, of IL-2 in spleen, and of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF and MCP-1 in mesenteric lymph nodes were significantly decreased in mice compared to those in the Vac group, while concentrations of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, IL-13,G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1α and TNF-α were significantly increased in serum compared to the Vac group. |
| 7173 | 23437721 | SGE shows different effects on the synthesis of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by T helper cells. |
| 7174 | 23437721 | SGE of hungry ticks stimulated the increase of IFN-gamma and IL-4 synthesis by 4.7 and 2.6 times, respectively, as compared to the control. |
| 7175 | 23437721 | SGE shows different effects on the synthesis of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by T helper cells. |
| 7176 | 23437721 | SGE of hungry ticks stimulated the increase of IFN-gamma and IL-4 synthesis by 4.7 and 2.6 times, respectively, as compared to the control. |
| 7177 | 23439080 | Cell-mediated immune responses at 2 (n=56) and 6 (n=54) months of age were examined by ELISpot assays for interferon(IFN)-γ, interleukin(IL)-2, and IL-4 responder cell frequencies to three antigens: hepatitis B surface antigen, tetanus toxoid, and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). |
| 7178 | 23439322 | Obese DCs produced twofold more of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 than lean controls, and in turn stimulated fourfold more IL-4-production from allogenic naive T cells. |
| 7179 | 23453731 | IN, but not IR, immunization of mice with 2/6-VLP alone induced antigen-specific IL-10 and IL-17 secreting T cells. |
| 7180 | 23453731 | IL-10-, in contrast to IL-17-, secreting T cells did not migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) whereas they were detected in cervical lymph nodes (CLN) and spleen. |
| 7181 | 23453731 | With the IN route, the adjuvant allowed to complete this profile with the secretion of IL-2 and IL-4, increased IL-17 secretion and induced antigen specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and Foxp3- T cells in all studied organs (CLN, spleen and MLN) but did not impact on IL-10 secreting T cells. |
| 7182 | 23453731 | With the IR route, the adjuvant induced IL-2 and IL-17 secretion but, in contrast to the IN route, did not allow IL-4 production. |
| 7183 | 23453731 | IN, but not IR, immunization of mice with 2/6-VLP alone induced antigen-specific IL-10 and IL-17 secreting T cells. |
| 7184 | 23453731 | IL-10-, in contrast to IL-17-, secreting T cells did not migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) whereas they were detected in cervical lymph nodes (CLN) and spleen. |
| 7185 | 23453731 | With the IN route, the adjuvant allowed to complete this profile with the secretion of IL-2 and IL-4, increased IL-17 secretion and induced antigen specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and Foxp3- T cells in all studied organs (CLN, spleen and MLN) but did not impact on IL-10 secreting T cells. |
| 7186 | 23453731 | With the IR route, the adjuvant induced IL-2 and IL-17 secretion but, in contrast to the IN route, did not allow IL-4 production. |
| 7187 | 23459257 | Most NPs are capable of inducing inflammatory pathways in DC largely mediated by signalling via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK). |
| 7188 | 23459257 | Our data show that PS-NP do not induce ERK activation in two different types of bone marrow derived (BM) DC cultures (expanded with GM-CSF or with GM-CSF together with IL-4). |
| 7189 | 23465748 | B3T1 stimulated cells showed moderate levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 but higher levels of IL-4. |
| 7190 | 23465765 | Transcripts for interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15, and interferon-γ were increased, while mRNAs for IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased, in immunized chickens compared with salinomycin-treated chickens. |
| 7191 | 23467777 | The vaccine significantly enhanced the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) after one immunization and enhanced the production of IL-4 and IL-10 after two immunizations. |
| 7192 | 23467777 | In addition, real-time PCR indicated that the expression of major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I), as well as that of CD40 and CD154 molecules, was significantly increased after one immunization, and the expressions of both MHC-I and MHC-II molecules were increased after two immunizations. |
| 7193 | 23474022 | The two molecules stimulated the proliferation of T-lymphocyte sub-sets (CD4/CD8) as well as the production of soluble mediators of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 response (IL-4) in spleen cell culture supernatant. |
| 7194 | 23474022 | Furthermore, the two lipidated tripeptides enhanced the CD4, CD8, CD3 and CD19 cell populations as well as CD4/CD8 derived IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α in whole blood of treated mice. |
| 7195 | 23474022 | Moreover, the two lipidated tripeptides enhanced the population of CD80 and CD86 in spleen-derived macrophages and did not show any hemolytic effect on rabbit RBCs. |
| 7196 | 23474022 | The two molecules stimulated the proliferation of T-lymphocyte sub-sets (CD4/CD8) as well as the production of soluble mediators of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 response (IL-4) in spleen cell culture supernatant. |
| 7197 | 23474022 | Furthermore, the two lipidated tripeptides enhanced the CD4, CD8, CD3 and CD19 cell populations as well as CD4/CD8 derived IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α in whole blood of treated mice. |
| 7198 | 23474022 | Moreover, the two lipidated tripeptides enhanced the population of CD80 and CD86 in spleen-derived macrophages and did not show any hemolytic effect on rabbit RBCs. |
| 7199 | 23486418 | In addition, children with active TB had significantly elevated levels of C-reactive protein, α-2 macroglobulin, and haptoglobin, as well as hemoxygenase 1. |
| 7200 | 23486418 | Markers of innate immune activation (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein [LBP]) were significantly lower in ETB than in PTB children. |
| 7201 | 23486418 | Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in their levels of cytokines (type 1 [gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-12], type 2 [IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33], and most type 17 [IL-17A, IL-22, IL-1β, and IL-6] and type 1 interferons [IFN-α and IFN-β]) or most of the cytokines associated with immune modulation (IL-10 and IL-20), pediatric TB was associated with elevated plasma transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), IL-21, and IL-23 levels. |
| 7202 | 23497910 | Specific cellular immunity was also induced after LTB-IAVe immunization, as evidenced by up-regulating of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-4 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of vaccinated pigs. |
| 7203 | 23499484 | CXCL9 and CXCL10 were increased in the infection group and decreased in the infection-tumor group. |
| 7204 | 23499484 | Although SDF-1 and IL-4 were increased in the infection group, there was no significant change in expression in the infection-tumor group or the infection-metastasis group. |
| 7205 | 23499484 | These results suggest that T. spiralis infection reduced tumor growth and metastasis through a complex transition in cytokine regulation profiles including CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL13. |
| 7206 | 23539949 | No difference was observed in the level of IL-10 and IL-4 in immunized and GST control group. |
| 7207 | 23541883 | According to the results of IFN-γ, IL-4, total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a measurement and the MTT assay, IL-22 obviously caused an increase in IFN-γ production and a decrease in IL-4 production before and after the challenge (p<0.05). |
| 7208 | 23555672 | C57BL/6 mice immunized with TcVac3 elicited a strong antigen-specific, high-avidity, trypanolytic antibody response (IgG2b>IgG1); and a robust antigen- and Tc-specific CD8(+)T cell response with type-1 cytokine (IFN-γ(+)TNF-α>IL-4(+)IL-10) and cytolytic effector (CD8(+)CD107a(+)IFN-γ(+)Perforin(+)) phenotype. |
| 7209 | 23555672 | Co-delivery of IL-12 and GMCSF cytokine adjuvants didn't enhance the TcVac3-induced resistance to T. cruzi. |
| 7210 | 23555672 | In chronic phase, vaccinated/infected mice exhibited a significant decline (up to 70%) in IFN-γ(+)CD8(+)T cells, a predominance of immunoregulatory IL-10(+)/CD4(+)T and IL10(+)/CD8(+)T cells, and presented undetectable tissue parasitism, inflammatory infiltrate, and fibrosis in vaccinated/infected mice. |
| 7211 | 23577175 | The pro-inflammatory cytokines tested Interleukin (IL)-6, IL17A, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α did not influence IFN-α responses except TNF-α, which promoted responses induced by FMDV. |
| 7212 | 23577175 | The haematopoietic cytokines Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-L) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) had enhancing effects on pDC activation at least in one of the protocols tested. |
| 7213 | 23577175 | Interestingly, also the Th2 cytokine IL-4 was an efficient promoter of pDC activity, while IL-10 was the only negative regulator of IFN-α in pDC identified. |
| 7214 | 23583463 | Total specific antibody, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgM, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels were examined by the ELISA method. |
| 7215 | 23587997 | On days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after the first vaccination, the lymphocyte proliferation, serum antibody titre and interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 were measured. |
| 7216 | 23587997 | The results showed that CMP40 and CMP50 at suitable dose could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation, enhance serum antibody titre, and improve serum interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 concentrations. |
| 7217 | 23587997 | On days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after the first vaccination, the lymphocyte proliferation, serum antibody titre and interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 were measured. |
| 7218 | 23587997 | The results showed that CMP40 and CMP50 at suitable dose could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation, enhance serum antibody titre, and improve serum interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 concentrations. |
| 7219 | 23588087 | The ΔyscB mutant could induce the secretion of both Th1-associated cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α) and Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). |
| 7220 | 23595505 | Genetic variants in toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, TLR9, and FCγ receptor II are associated with antibody response to quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected youth. |
| 7221 | 23595505 | Genetic variants associated with severity of meningococcal disease, including the IgG Fc receptor (FCγRII)-A484T, interleukin-10 (IL-10)-A1082G, -C819T, and -C627A, IL-4-C589T, mannose binding lectin-2 (MBL2)-A/O, -H/L, -P/Q, and -X/Y, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-G2408A, TLR4-A12874G and -C13174T, and TLR9-T1237C and -T1486C were determined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) for 271 HIV-infected subjects (median, 17 years). |
| 7222 | 23595505 | These findings suggest that for HIV-infected youth, the initial antibody response to MCV4 is associated with variants in TLR2 and TLR4 while the long-term response is associated with genetic polymorphisms in TLR9 and FcγRIIa. |
| 7223 | 23597085 | For allergic individuals, allergen-stimulated T cells largely secrete IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 (Th2-type cytokines), whereas non-allergics show predominant IFN-γ secretion (Th1-type). |
| 7224 | 23597869 | WITHDRAWN: Co-administration of CCL5 and IL4 enhances DNA vaccine-induced protective immunity to Ascaris suum infection in mice. |
| 7225 | 23602433 | Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) was used to determine transcript levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and IFN-α from these cells. |
| 7226 | 23607394 | OprF-specific cellular responses in lung T cells isolated from mice immunized with AdC7OprF.RGD and AdC7OprF were similar for T helper type 1 (Th1) [interferon (IFN)-γ in CD8(+) and interleukin (IL)-12 in CD4(+)], Th2 (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in CD4(+)) and Th17 (IL-17 in CD4(+)). |
| 7227 | 23607482 | No differences were observed in γδ T cells for the same patient in either situation, and a tendency to lower percentages of CD4(+) CD25(hi) T cells was observed under stability. |
| 7228 | 23607482 | A significantly lower production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and a significantly higher production of interleukin (IL)-5 was observed in asthma patients compared to healthy individuals, but no differences could be observed for IL-4, IL-13 or IL-10. |
| 7229 | 23623859 | We analyzed cellular (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, GM-CSF) and humoral (IgG and IgM) immune response in 81 HIV-infected and 30 HIV-negative subjects, before (T0) and 4 weeks (T1) after receiving a single dose of trivalent MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine. |
| 7230 | 23645103 | The immunogenicity of the vaccine schedules was determined by measuring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific binding antibody levels and cytokine (interleukin-2 and interleukin-4) concentrations in peripheral blood, analyzing lymphocyte proliferation capacity against HIV epitopes and CD4(+)/CD8(+) cell ratio, and monitoring interferon-gamma levels at different times post-immunization. |
| 7231 | 23686120 | Analysis of the cytokines from mice immunized with NP-RAS showed a significant increase in the production of IFN-g and a decreased production of IL-10 and IL-4 compared to controls without RAS. |
| 7232 | 23697573 | Blood plasma cytokine concentrations did not differ between the ORS cases and controls for most cytokines measured (interleukin 4 [IL-4], IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-1α, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], gamma interferon [IFN-γ], and IL-17A). |
| 7233 | 23697573 | However, ORS cases had higher levels of IL-10 and IL-3 than the controls at visits 1 and 2, even after all symptoms had subsided. |
| 7234 | 23697573 | Persistent higher levels of IL-10 and IL-3 in ORS cases suggest that host factors may have predisposed these individuals to develop ORS following influenza vaccination. |
| 7235 | 23707076 | Previous published studies showed that vaccination with Ag85A/ESAT-6 bio-beads induced antigen-specific IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-2 in splenocytes, but no significant increase in IL-4, IL-5 or IL-10. |
| 7236 | 23707076 | New results showed that antigen-specific IFN-γ release was induced by both CD4 and CD8 T cells in mice vaccinated with the Ag85A/ESAT-6 bio-beads. |
| 7237 | 23709057 | Interleukin-12 as a genetic adjuvant enhances hepatitis C virus NS3 DNA vaccine immunogenicity. |
| 7238 | 23709057 | Our data suggest that co-administration of HCV NS3 DNA vaccine with IL-12 induces production of significant levels of both IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ (p<0.05). |
| 7239 | 23709057 | Collectively, our results demonstrated that co-administration of HCV NS3 and IL-12 displayed strong immunogenicity in a murine model. |
| 7240 | 23749087 | Compared to controls, the pcDNA/MIC11 immunized mice had high production of IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-2 (p < 0.05), but not IL-4 (p > 0.05), indicating that a predominant Th1 type response was developed. |
| 7241 | 23777951 | Vaccine-induced cellular immune responses to parasite antigen were substantially decreased in basophil-depleted mice, with significant decreases in CD4(+) T-cell production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-γ. |
| 7242 | 23785233 | Flow cytometric analyses revealed that spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with PLGA-rMOMP had elevated numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, and secreted more rMOMP-specific interferon-gamma (Th1) and interleukin (IL)-12p40 (Th1/Th17) than IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2) cytokines. |
| 7243 | 23804713 | Although this vaccination induced CD4(+) CXCR5(+) PD-1(+) TFH cells in newborns, their frequency, as well as their Bcl6 expression and IL-21 and IL-4 mRNA induction, was decreased in early life. |
| 7244 | 23804713 | In addition, IL-4 dampened expression of Th17-related molecules in neonatal TFH cells, as TFH cells from immunized IL-4-deficient neonates displayed enhanced expression of RORγt and IL-17. |
| 7245 | 23804713 | Although this vaccination induced CD4(+) CXCR5(+) PD-1(+) TFH cells in newborns, their frequency, as well as their Bcl6 expression and IL-21 and IL-4 mRNA induction, was decreased in early life. |
| 7246 | 23804713 | In addition, IL-4 dampened expression of Th17-related molecules in neonatal TFH cells, as TFH cells from immunized IL-4-deficient neonates displayed enhanced expression of RORγt and IL-17. |
| 7247 | 23825956 | As early as two weeks after infection of these mice with L. major, T cell-specific and complete IL-10-deficient animals showed significantly increased lesion development accompanied by a markedly elevated secretion of IFN-γ or IFN-γ and IL-4 in the lymph nodes draining the lesions of the C57BL/6 or BALB/c mutants, respectively. |
| 7248 | 23827994 | The synthesised DNA was subcloned into the pET41a+ vector and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion to glutathione-S-transferase protein (GST). |
| 7249 | 23827994 | The production of interferon-γ was significantly higher in the immunised mice than in the control mice (> 1,300 pg/mL), but interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 production was not statistically different between the two groups. |
| 7250 | 23844022 | Stimulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells induced production of regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta. |
| 7251 | 23844022 | Furthermore, eMOD prevented the development of airway inflammation, as demonstrated by attenuation of bronchoalveolar lavages eosinophil influx, peribronchial inflammatory infiltrate, and mucus secretion in lungs and IL-4 and IL-5 levels in lung cell cultures. |
| 7252 | 23845179 | IL4 and IFNalpha generation of dendritic cells reveals great migratory potential and NFkB and cJun expression in IL4DCs. |
| 7253 | 23845179 | Dendritic cells (DCs) recently revealed as a potent tumor vaccine component, are commonly differentiated from monocytes by cultivation with IL-4 and GM-CSF. |
| 7254 | 23845179 | The aim of this study was to compare the functionality and phenotypic characterization of monocyte-derived DC generated by IL-4 (IL4DC) and IFNalpha (IFNalphaDC) modified protocols. |
| 7255 | 23845179 | We herein investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the parameters previously described, as the relative expression of NF-kB p65, c-fos and c-jun, transcription factors. |
| 7256 | 23845179 | Our results demonstrated that IL4DC presented a stable phenotype, an increase in migratory capacity and NF-KB activation, in addition to lower levels of miR-146 a and miR-221. |
| 7257 | 23845179 | IL4 and IFNalpha generation of dendritic cells reveals great migratory potential and NFkB and cJun expression in IL4DCs. |
| 7258 | 23845179 | Dendritic cells (DCs) recently revealed as a potent tumor vaccine component, are commonly differentiated from monocytes by cultivation with IL-4 and GM-CSF. |
| 7259 | 23845179 | The aim of this study was to compare the functionality and phenotypic characterization of monocyte-derived DC generated by IL-4 (IL4DC) and IFNalpha (IFNalphaDC) modified protocols. |
| 7260 | 23845179 | We herein investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the parameters previously described, as the relative expression of NF-kB p65, c-fos and c-jun, transcription factors. |
| 7261 | 23845179 | Our results demonstrated that IL4DC presented a stable phenotype, an increase in migratory capacity and NF-KB activation, in addition to lower levels of miR-146 a and miR-221. |
| 7262 | 23845179 | IL4 and IFNalpha generation of dendritic cells reveals great migratory potential and NFkB and cJun expression in IL4DCs. |
| 7263 | 23845179 | Dendritic cells (DCs) recently revealed as a potent tumor vaccine component, are commonly differentiated from monocytes by cultivation with IL-4 and GM-CSF. |
| 7264 | 23845179 | The aim of this study was to compare the functionality and phenotypic characterization of monocyte-derived DC generated by IL-4 (IL4DC) and IFNalpha (IFNalphaDC) modified protocols. |
| 7265 | 23845179 | We herein investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the parameters previously described, as the relative expression of NF-kB p65, c-fos and c-jun, transcription factors. |
| 7266 | 23845179 | Our results demonstrated that IL4DC presented a stable phenotype, an increase in migratory capacity and NF-KB activation, in addition to lower levels of miR-146 a and miR-221. |
| 7267 | 23846426 | Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are unique lymphocytes with characteristic features, such as expression of an invariant T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) α-chain, recognition of glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules, and ability to rapidly produce large amounts of cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) upon TCR stimulation. |
| 7268 | 23859640 | The conjugates biased the immune responses towards Th1 and Th17 with respect to the prevalence of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-17 (IL-17) over IL-4 and IL-10 levels. |
| 7269 | 23873619 | Expression of IL-2 (4.5-fold) and IFN-γ (3.2-fold), followed by IL-6 (1.7-fold) and IL-4 (1.6-fold), with downregulation of TNF-α and IL-10 was observed in response to F. gigantica infection in these animals. |
| 7270 | 23873619 | However, there was a sharp increase in the expression of the IL-4 (211.93 and 111.81-fold) and IL-6 mRNA (219.22 and 48.29-fold) to GST and FABP immunizations, respectively. |
| 7271 | 23873619 | A downregulation of the IL-1α, a Th1 cytokine in response to FABP and GST immunization in these calves, was also observed. |
| 7272 | 23873619 | Expression of IL-2 (4.5-fold) and IFN-γ (3.2-fold), followed by IL-6 (1.7-fold) and IL-4 (1.6-fold), with downregulation of TNF-α and IL-10 was observed in response to F. gigantica infection in these animals. |
| 7273 | 23873619 | However, there was a sharp increase in the expression of the IL-4 (211.93 and 111.81-fold) and IL-6 mRNA (219.22 and 48.29-fold) to GST and FABP immunizations, respectively. |
| 7274 | 23873619 | A downregulation of the IL-1α, a Th1 cytokine in response to FABP and GST immunization in these calves, was also observed. |
| 7275 | 23883369 | This study demonstrated that the enteric stage of T. spiralis infection could inhibit the proliferative response of spleen lymphocytes to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and lead to lower levels of anti-HBsAg antibodies, interferon-γ, and interleukin (IL)-2, along with higher levels of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 7276 | 23911411 | Dogs immunized with LBSap vaccine displayed high levels of IL-12 and IL-10 cytokines and CCL4, CCL5 and CXCL8 chemokines in the dermis. |
| 7277 | 23911411 | Herein, we inoculated dogs with Leishmania braziliensis antigens plus saponin (the LBSap vaccine), as well as with the vaccine components, and then used real-time PCR to evaluate the kinetics of dermal expression of mRNAs of cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-13, TGF-β and IL-10) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL21 and CXCL8) 1, 12, 24 and 48 h after inoculation. |
| 7278 | 23911411 | The LBSap vaccine induced high levels of IL-12 and IL-10 expression at 12 and 24 h, respectively. |
| 7279 | 23911411 | Furthermore, we observed positive correlations between IL-12 and IL-13 expression, IFN-γ and IL-13 expression, and IL-13 and TGF-β expression, suggesting that a mixed cytokine microenvironment developed after immunization with the vaccine. |
| 7280 | 23911411 | CCL4 and CXCL8 chemokine expression was up regulated by the LBSap vaccine. |
| 7281 | 23926442 | We examined the immune response mediated by macrophages (CD14+), natural killer cells (CD56+), and B lymphocytes (CD19+) by flow cytometry and assessed the expression of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-12), Th2 (IL-4), and Treg (TGF-β) cytokines by flow cytometry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 7282 | 23926442 | The CD14+ TNF-α+ population was significantly increased (P < 0.04) when patients received the vaccine; IL-2 expression in both NK cells and in B lymphocytes was increased after a transient initial increase showed a nearly significant decrease (P < 0.07 and P < 0.06 respectively), whereas the CD19+ and CD56+ populations did not show significant changes. |
| 7283 | 23928268 | Twenty-four hours after the last challenge, BCG prevented the triggering of pro-inflammatory cytokines, probably by increasing Foxp3 and interleukin (IL)-10, modulating eosinophil infiltration and collagen fiber deposition, thus reducing airway hyperresponsiveness. |
| 7284 | 23928268 | These beneficial effects may be related to the increase in regulatory T cells and to IL-10 production in tandem with decreased Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13). |
| 7285 | 23928481 | Our previous study established that Poly-ICLC is the most potent individual maturation stimulus for human DCs as assessed by an upregulation of CD83 and CD86, induction of interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), interleukmin 1 (IL-1), and type I interferons (IFN), and minimal interleukin 10 (IL-10) production. |
| 7286 | 23928481 | After incubation, the lymphocytes are washed off and the adherent monocytes are cultured for 5 days in the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to differentiate to immature DCs. |
| 7287 | 23933364 | IL-4 and IL-13 mediated down-regulation of CD8 expression levels can dampen anti-viral CD8⁺ T cell avidity following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. |
| 7288 | 23933364 | We have shown that mucosal HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination can induce high, avidity HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells with reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 expression compared to, systemic vaccine delivery. |
| 7289 | 23933364 | Out of a panel of T cell avidity markers tested, only CD8 expression levels were found to be enhanced on, KdGag197-205 (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T cells obtained from IL-13(-/-), IL-4(-/-) and signal transducer and, activator of transcription of 6 (STAT6)(-/-) mice compared to wild-type (WT) controls following, vaccination. |
| 7290 | 23933364 | Elevated CD8 expression levels in this instance also correlated with polyfunctionality, (interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necorsis factor (TNF)-α and IL-2 production) and the avidity of HIVspecific CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7291 | 23933364 | IL-13Rα2) vaccines significantly enhanced CD8 expression levels on HIV-specific CD8(+), T cells, which correlated with avidity. |
| 7292 | 23933364 | Using anti-CD8 antibodies that blocked CD8 availability on CD8(+), T cells, it was established that CD8 played an important role in increasing HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell avidity and polyfunctionality in IL-4(-/-), IL-13(-/-) and STAT6(-/-) mice compared to WT controls, following vaccination. |
| 7293 | 23933364 | Collectively, our data demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 dampen CD8 expression levels on anti-viral CD8(+) T cells, which can down-regulate anti-viral CD8(+) T cell avidity and, polyfunctionality following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. |
| 7294 | 23933364 | IL-4 and IL-13 mediated down-regulation of CD8 expression levels can dampen anti-viral CD8⁺ T cell avidity following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. |
| 7295 | 23933364 | We have shown that mucosal HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination can induce high, avidity HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells with reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 expression compared to, systemic vaccine delivery. |
| 7296 | 23933364 | Out of a panel of T cell avidity markers tested, only CD8 expression levels were found to be enhanced on, KdGag197-205 (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T cells obtained from IL-13(-/-), IL-4(-/-) and signal transducer and, activator of transcription of 6 (STAT6)(-/-) mice compared to wild-type (WT) controls following, vaccination. |
| 7297 | 23933364 | Elevated CD8 expression levels in this instance also correlated with polyfunctionality, (interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necorsis factor (TNF)-α and IL-2 production) and the avidity of HIVspecific CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7298 | 23933364 | IL-13Rα2) vaccines significantly enhanced CD8 expression levels on HIV-specific CD8(+), T cells, which correlated with avidity. |
| 7299 | 23933364 | Using anti-CD8 antibodies that blocked CD8 availability on CD8(+), T cells, it was established that CD8 played an important role in increasing HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell avidity and polyfunctionality in IL-4(-/-), IL-13(-/-) and STAT6(-/-) mice compared to WT controls, following vaccination. |
| 7300 | 23933364 | Collectively, our data demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 dampen CD8 expression levels on anti-viral CD8(+) T cells, which can down-regulate anti-viral CD8(+) T cell avidity and, polyfunctionality following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. |
| 7301 | 23933364 | IL-4 and IL-13 mediated down-regulation of CD8 expression levels can dampen anti-viral CD8⁺ T cell avidity following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. |
| 7302 | 23933364 | We have shown that mucosal HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination can induce high, avidity HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells with reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 expression compared to, systemic vaccine delivery. |
| 7303 | 23933364 | Out of a panel of T cell avidity markers tested, only CD8 expression levels were found to be enhanced on, KdGag197-205 (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T cells obtained from IL-13(-/-), IL-4(-/-) and signal transducer and, activator of transcription of 6 (STAT6)(-/-) mice compared to wild-type (WT) controls following, vaccination. |
| 7304 | 23933364 | Elevated CD8 expression levels in this instance also correlated with polyfunctionality, (interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necorsis factor (TNF)-α and IL-2 production) and the avidity of HIVspecific CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7305 | 23933364 | IL-13Rα2) vaccines significantly enhanced CD8 expression levels on HIV-specific CD8(+), T cells, which correlated with avidity. |
| 7306 | 23933364 | Using anti-CD8 antibodies that blocked CD8 availability on CD8(+), T cells, it was established that CD8 played an important role in increasing HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell avidity and polyfunctionality in IL-4(-/-), IL-13(-/-) and STAT6(-/-) mice compared to WT controls, following vaccination. |
| 7307 | 23933364 | Collectively, our data demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 dampen CD8 expression levels on anti-viral CD8(+) T cells, which can down-regulate anti-viral CD8(+) T cell avidity and, polyfunctionality following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. |
| 7308 | 23933364 | IL-4 and IL-13 mediated down-regulation of CD8 expression levels can dampen anti-viral CD8⁺ T cell avidity following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. |
| 7309 | 23933364 | We have shown that mucosal HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination can induce high, avidity HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells with reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 expression compared to, systemic vaccine delivery. |
| 7310 | 23933364 | Out of a panel of T cell avidity markers tested, only CD8 expression levels were found to be enhanced on, KdGag197-205 (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T cells obtained from IL-13(-/-), IL-4(-/-) and signal transducer and, activator of transcription of 6 (STAT6)(-/-) mice compared to wild-type (WT) controls following, vaccination. |
| 7311 | 23933364 | Elevated CD8 expression levels in this instance also correlated with polyfunctionality, (interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necorsis factor (TNF)-α and IL-2 production) and the avidity of HIVspecific CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7312 | 23933364 | IL-13Rα2) vaccines significantly enhanced CD8 expression levels on HIV-specific CD8(+), T cells, which correlated with avidity. |
| 7313 | 23933364 | Using anti-CD8 antibodies that blocked CD8 availability on CD8(+), T cells, it was established that CD8 played an important role in increasing HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell avidity and polyfunctionality in IL-4(-/-), IL-13(-/-) and STAT6(-/-) mice compared to WT controls, following vaccination. |
| 7314 | 23933364 | Collectively, our data demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 dampen CD8 expression levels on anti-viral CD8(+) T cells, which can down-regulate anti-viral CD8(+) T cell avidity and, polyfunctionality following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. |
| 7315 | 23933364 | IL-4 and IL-13 mediated down-regulation of CD8 expression levels can dampen anti-viral CD8⁺ T cell avidity following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. |
| 7316 | 23933364 | We have shown that mucosal HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination can induce high, avidity HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells with reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 expression compared to, systemic vaccine delivery. |
| 7317 | 23933364 | Out of a panel of T cell avidity markers tested, only CD8 expression levels were found to be enhanced on, KdGag197-205 (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T cells obtained from IL-13(-/-), IL-4(-/-) and signal transducer and, activator of transcription of 6 (STAT6)(-/-) mice compared to wild-type (WT) controls following, vaccination. |
| 7318 | 23933364 | Elevated CD8 expression levels in this instance also correlated with polyfunctionality, (interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necorsis factor (TNF)-α and IL-2 production) and the avidity of HIVspecific CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7319 | 23933364 | IL-13Rα2) vaccines significantly enhanced CD8 expression levels on HIV-specific CD8(+), T cells, which correlated with avidity. |
| 7320 | 23933364 | Using anti-CD8 antibodies that blocked CD8 availability on CD8(+), T cells, it was established that CD8 played an important role in increasing HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell avidity and polyfunctionality in IL-4(-/-), IL-13(-/-) and STAT6(-/-) mice compared to WT controls, following vaccination. |
| 7321 | 23933364 | Collectively, our data demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 dampen CD8 expression levels on anti-viral CD8(+) T cells, which can down-regulate anti-viral CD8(+) T cell avidity and, polyfunctionality following HIV-1 recombinant pox viral vaccination. |
| 7322 | 23950909 | Flow cytometric analysis showed the increase in IFN-γ correlated with a significantly higher level of proliferation of CD4, CD8 and γδT cells and an increased expression of CD25 and CD45R0 in MAP316F vaccinated animals as compared to control animals. |
| 7323 | 23950909 | Evaluation of a range of cytokines involved in Th1, Th2, Treg, and Th17 immune responses by quantitative PCR showed low levels of expression of Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α) in the Sal-Ag immunized group. |
| 7324 | 23950909 | Significant levels of Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines transcripts (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β) were expressed but their level was low and with a pattern similar to the control group. |
| 7325 | 23954198 | Based on in vitro assay, 6-O-palmitoyl Agnuside (AG-3) was further taken up for detailed in vivo activity and found to significantly enhance the production of anti OVA IgG titer, neutralizing antibody (IgG1 and IgG2a) titer as well as soluble mediators of a Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ)/Th2 response (IL-4) and proliferation of T lymphocyte subsets (CD4/CD8) and co stimulatory molecules CD80/CD86. |
| 7326 | 23967128 | Our results showed that the group immunised with 30 μg rTgPDI showed significantly higher levels of specific antibodies against the recombinant protein, a strong lymphoproliferative response and significantly higher levels of IgG2a, IFN-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-2 and IL-4 production compared with other doses and control groups. |
| 7327 | 23986600 | We have reported previously that ocular infection of different strains of mice with recombinant herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) constitutively expressing interleukin-2 (IL-2) provokes central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and optic neuropathy, as determined by changes in visual evoked cortical potentials and pathological changes in the optic nerve and CNS, whereas recombinant viruses expressing IL-4, gamma interferon, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, or IL-12p70 do not induce this neuropathy. |
| 7328 | 23991011 | Neutralization of IL-4 led to the upregulation of a number of genes linked to Th1 trafficking, including CXCR3 chemokines, CCL5 and CCR5 and an associated increase in IFNγ, Tbet and TNFα genes. |
| 7329 | 23991011 | These data support a model whereby IL-4 dampens Th1-chemokines at the site of inflammation limiting Th1 recruitment. |
| 7330 | 23991011 | Short-term IL-4 blockade in established L. major infection led to a significant increase in the number of IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells in the infected ear dermis, with no change in the draining LN. |
| 7331 | 23991011 | Neutralization of IL-4 led to the upregulation of a number of genes linked to Th1 trafficking, including CXCR3 chemokines, CCL5 and CCR5 and an associated increase in IFNγ, Tbet and TNFα genes. |
| 7332 | 23991011 | These data support a model whereby IL-4 dampens Th1-chemokines at the site of inflammation limiting Th1 recruitment. |
| 7333 | 23991011 | Short-term IL-4 blockade in established L. major infection led to a significant increase in the number of IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells in the infected ear dermis, with no change in the draining LN. |
| 7334 | 23991011 | Neutralization of IL-4 led to the upregulation of a number of genes linked to Th1 trafficking, including CXCR3 chemokines, CCL5 and CCR5 and an associated increase in IFNγ, Tbet and TNFα genes. |
| 7335 | 23991011 | These data support a model whereby IL-4 dampens Th1-chemokines at the site of inflammation limiting Th1 recruitment. |
| 7336 | 23991011 | Short-term IL-4 blockade in established L. major infection led to a significant increase in the number of IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells in the infected ear dermis, with no change in the draining LN. |
| 7337 | 23993990 | Macrophages can be polarized into classically (CAM) or alternatively (AAM) activated macrophages with IFN-γ or IL-4, respectively. |
| 7338 | 23993990 | In this report, we demonstrate that THP-CAM and -AAM express gene and protein markers that define their primary human monocyte derived counterparts, such as IL-1β, CXCL10, and CXCL11 for CAM, and MRC1, IL-4 and CCL22 for AAM. |
| 7339 | 23993990 | In addition, we demonstrate that STAT6 is selectively activated in THP-AAM which, upon LPS stimulation, have an attenuated or delayed expression of IFN-β, IFN-λ1, and IFN α/β pathway genes compared to their CAM counterparts. |
| 7340 | 23993990 | Macrophages can be polarized into classically (CAM) or alternatively (AAM) activated macrophages with IFN-γ or IL-4, respectively. |
| 7341 | 23993990 | In this report, we demonstrate that THP-CAM and -AAM express gene and protein markers that define their primary human monocyte derived counterparts, such as IL-1β, CXCL10, and CXCL11 for CAM, and MRC1, IL-4 and CCL22 for AAM. |
| 7342 | 23993990 | In addition, we demonstrate that STAT6 is selectively activated in THP-AAM which, upon LPS stimulation, have an attenuated or delayed expression of IFN-β, IFN-λ1, and IFN α/β pathway genes compared to their CAM counterparts. |
| 7343 | 24010941 | Inactivated influenza virus vaccine is efficient and reduces IL-4 and IL-6 in allergic asthma mice. |
| 7344 | 24015262 | The recombinant protein elicited a mixed Th1/Th2 type of protective immune response as evidenced by the generation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and an increased production of antibody isotypes IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgA. |
| 7345 | 24021309 | Gene expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β (proinflammatory cytokine) and IL-4 (B cell stimulating cytokine) were measured using RT-PCR. |
| 7346 | 24021309 | Mean gene expression levels of IL-1β and IL-4 peaked on day 14 post vaccination. |
| 7347 | 24021309 | Gene expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β (proinflammatory cytokine) and IL-4 (B cell stimulating cytokine) were measured using RT-PCR. |
| 7348 | 24021309 | Mean gene expression levels of IL-1β and IL-4 peaked on day 14 post vaccination. |
| 7349 | 24027025 | Moreover, HbR-DNA immunization stimulated the production of protective cytokines like interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with concomitant down-regulation of disease-promoting cytokines like IL-10 and IL-4. |
| 7350 | 24027025 | HbR-DNA vaccination also induced a protective response by generating multifunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7351 | 24030809 | IFN-α8 and -α10 most potently enhanced expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4. |
| 7352 | 24030809 | While enhancement of IL-2 and IL-4 correlated with the time of preincubation with type I IFN, IFN-γ production was enhanced best when IFN-α was added immediately preceding or simultaneously with T-cell stimulation. |
| 7353 | 24030809 | IFN-α8 and -α10 most potently enhanced expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4. |
| 7354 | 24030809 | While enhancement of IL-2 and IL-4 correlated with the time of preincubation with type I IFN, IFN-γ production was enhanced best when IFN-α was added immediately preceding or simultaneously with T-cell stimulation. |
| 7355 | 24036137 | Mucosal immunization of mice with recombinant L. lactis NZ9000 containing the UreB-IL-2 protein elicited more anti-UreB antibody that specifically bounded to the purified bacterial UreB protein and more cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17, and had a lower H. pylori burden and urease activity than control mice. |
| 7356 | 24040360 | Remarkably, RSV challenge of G protein nanoparticle vaccinated mice resulted in increased RSV M2-specific IL-4 and IFN-γ secreting T cells, and increased M2-specific H-2Kd-tetramer positive CD8(+) T cells in the lungs compared to controls. |
| 7357 | 24085111 | DCs were generated with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL‑4) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 7358 | 24089996 | The 30-kDa and 38-kDa antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis induce partial maturation of human dendritic cells shifting CD4(+) T cell responses towards IL-4 production. |
| 7359 | 24090087 | Splenocytes from rBsc-PYP-1/FCA-immunized mice secreted low levels of T helper (Th)1-type cytokines, interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-2, while producing significantly high levels of IL-10 and significantly elevated levels of IL-4 (Th2 cytokines) after stimulation with rBsc-PYP-1 in vitro. |
| 7360 | 24136204 | Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine. |
| 7361 | 24136204 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. |
| 7362 | 24136204 | Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. |
| 7363 | 24136204 | Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. |
| 7364 | 24136204 | Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. |
| 7365 | 24136204 | The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. |
| 7366 | 24136204 | Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). |
| 7367 | 24136204 | Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine. |
| 7368 | 24136204 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. |
| 7369 | 24136204 | Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. |
| 7370 | 24136204 | Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. |
| 7371 | 24136204 | Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. |
| 7372 | 24136204 | The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. |
| 7373 | 24136204 | Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). |
| 7374 | 24136204 | Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine. |
| 7375 | 24136204 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. |
| 7376 | 24136204 | Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. |
| 7377 | 24136204 | Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. |
| 7378 | 24136204 | Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. |
| 7379 | 24136204 | The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. |
| 7380 | 24136204 | Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). |
| 7381 | 24136204 | Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine. |
| 7382 | 24136204 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. |
| 7383 | 24136204 | Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. |
| 7384 | 24136204 | Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. |
| 7385 | 24136204 | Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. |
| 7386 | 24136204 | The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. |
| 7387 | 24136204 | Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). |
| 7388 | 24136204 | Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine. |
| 7389 | 24136204 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. |
| 7390 | 24136204 | Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. |
| 7391 | 24136204 | Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. |
| 7392 | 24136204 | Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. |
| 7393 | 24136204 | The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. |
| 7394 | 24136204 | Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). |
| 7395 | 24136204 | Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine. |
| 7396 | 24136204 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. |
| 7397 | 24136204 | Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. |
| 7398 | 24136204 | Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. |
| 7399 | 24136204 | Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. |
| 7400 | 24136204 | The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. |
| 7401 | 24136204 | Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). |
| 7402 | 24138116 | Individual, yet overlapping, peptides 15 amino acids in length revealed residues of PsaA that consistently caused the highest interferon-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-5 and IL-17 responses and proliferation as well as moderate IL-10 and IL-4 responses by ex vivo re-stimulated splenic and CLN CD4⁺ T cells isolated from S. pneumoniae strain EF3030-challenged F1 (B6 × BALB/c) mice. |
| 7403 | 24145856 | Typhi GroEL and IL-22 gene augments immune responses against Salmonella infection. |
| 7404 | 24145856 | In this study, the immunomodulatory effect of Interleukin 22 (IL-22) as an adjuvant was studied by DNA vaccination with S. |
| 7405 | 24145856 | Further, DNA construct of IL-22 gene fused with GroEL was developed and immunization studies were carried out in mice. |
| 7406 | 24145856 | Co-immunization (IL-22+GroEL) further resulted in increase in T-cell proliferative responses, antibody titres (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) and secretion of IFNγ (Th1), IL-1β and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6) cytokines. |
| 7407 | 24145856 | Improved protective efficacy (90%) against lethal challenge by Salmonella was observed with IL-22-GroEL co-expressing DNA vector as compared with plasmid encoding GroEL only (50-60%) or co-immunization group (75-80%). |
| 7408 | 24145856 | This study thus shows that co-expression of IL-22 and GroEL genes enhances the immune responses and protective efficacy, circumventing the need of any adjuvant. |
| 7409 | 24170032 | In this way, char8, which controls parasitemia, was mapped on chromosome 11; char8 corresponds to human chromosome 5q31-q33 and contains immune genes, such as Il3, Il4, Il5, Il12b, Il13, Irf1, and Csf2. |
| 7410 | 24225642 | The Microtus strain 201 could induce elevated secretion of both Th1-associated cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α) and Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6), as well as chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8. |
| 7411 | 24242760 | Interleukin (IL)-21 is a member of the γ chain-receptor cytokine family along with IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. |
| 7412 | 24242760 | The effects of IL-21 are pleiotropic, owing to the broad cellular distribution of the IL-21 receptor. |
| 7413 | 24242760 | IL-21 is secreted by activated CD4 T cells and natural killer T cells. |
| 7414 | 24242760 | Our research focus has been on the role of IL-21 and more recently of Tfh in immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. |
| 7415 | 24242760 | This review focuses on first the influence of IL-21 in regulation of T cell, B cell, and NK cell responses and its immunotherapeutic potential in viral infections and as a vaccine adjuvant. |
| 7416 | 24259557 | Consistent with these results, WBM-fed mice had higher interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-17A production and unchanged IL-4 production in their splenocytes after polyclonal (anti-CD3/CD28) or antigen-specific stimulation. |
| 7417 | 24269617 | Finally, A. galli significantly increased local mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-13 and significantly decreased TGF-ß4 expression in the jejunum two weeks after infection with A. galli. |
| 7418 | 24300078 | At termination, interferon gamma (IFN-γ)/interleukin-4 (IL-4) ELISpot analysis for MUC1 specific T-cell immune response and histopathological evaluations of tumor type and grade were performed. |
| 7419 | 24307458 | Blood CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and Serum Immunoglobulin and Cytokines content were evaluated. |
| 7420 | 24307458 | Serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels increased (P > 0.05) following b-Cr administration. b-Cr treatment increased serum IL-4 levels (P > 0.05). |
| 7421 | 24309427 | In an air pouch experiment, UTP treatment increased the number of monocytes and macrophages infiltrating the pouch and up-regulated the gene expression of IL-4 and IL-13 in the regional lymph nodes. |
| 7422 | 24336457 | Furthermore, an in vitro mechanistic study showed that wolfberry supplementation enhanced maturation and activity of antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in aged mice, as indicated by phenotypic change in expression of DC activation markers major histocompatibility complex class II, cluster of differentiation (CD) 40, CD80, and CD86, and functional change in DC production of cytokines interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as DC endocytosis. |
| 7423 | 24336457 | Also, adoptive transfer of wolfberry-treated bone marrow DCs (loaded with ovalbumin(323-339)-peptide) promoted antigen-specific T cell proliferation as well as interleukin-4 and interferon-γ production in CD4(+) T cells. |
| 7424 | 24337259 | In addition, levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the ears were assayed. |
| 7425 | 24337259 | In addition, BCGE inhibited mast cell infiltration into the ear and elevation of serum histamine, increased IFN-γ level and suppressed IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α levels in the ears. |
| 7426 | 24337259 | In addition, levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the ears were assayed. |
| 7427 | 24337259 | In addition, BCGE inhibited mast cell infiltration into the ear and elevation of serum histamine, increased IFN-γ level and suppressed IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α levels in the ears. |
| 7428 | 24338307 | Furthermore, TV elicited higher level of cellular proliferative response together with elevated levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 indicating a Th1/Th2 balanced response. |
| 7429 | 24349306 | Mice were vaccinated with an adenoviral vector which encodes and displays the Friend Virus (FV) surface envelope protein gp70 (Ad.pIXgp70) in combination with adenoviral vectors encoding the interleukins IL4, IL5, IL6, IL7 or IL23. |
| 7430 | 24349306 | Mice co-immunized with adenoviral vectors encoding IL5 or IL23 showed increased neutralizing antibody responses while mice co-immunized with Ad.IL6 or Ad.IL23 showed improved FV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses compared to mice immunized with Ad.pIXgp70 alone. |
| 7431 | 24357081 | The titers of serum HA-specific antibodies were determined by ELISA, and the expression levels of the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by real-time PCR. |
| 7432 | 24357081 | The results showed that CD40 as a molecular adjuvant significantly enhanced the production of serum anti-HA antibodies and increased the levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-6, suggesting that co-immunization with CD40 upregulated the humoral immune responses to the DNA vaccine in BALB/c mice. |
| 7433 | 24357081 | The titers of serum HA-specific antibodies were determined by ELISA, and the expression levels of the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by real-time PCR. |
| 7434 | 24357081 | The results showed that CD40 as a molecular adjuvant significantly enhanced the production of serum anti-HA antibodies and increased the levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-6, suggesting that co-immunization with CD40 upregulated the humoral immune responses to the DNA vaccine in BALB/c mice. |
| 7435 | 24361035 | Also, the level of the cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 was quantified during the experimental study. |
| 7436 | 24361035 | Moreover, early increases of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma besides late increase of IFN-gamma were observed. |
| 7437 | 24361035 | The analysis of biomarkers network pointed out two relevant strong axes during early stages of dengue fever, a protective axes TNF-alpha/Lymphocytes/Platelets, and a pathological IL-2/IL-6/Viremia/Monocyte/PT bond. |
| 7438 | 24361035 | Later on, the biomarker network highlighted the interaction IFN-gamma/PLT/DENV-3(IgM;HAI)/PT, and the involvement of type-2 cytokines (IL-4; IL-5). |
| 7439 | 24361035 | Also, the level of the cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 was quantified during the experimental study. |
| 7440 | 24361035 | Moreover, early increases of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma besides late increase of IFN-gamma were observed. |
| 7441 | 24361035 | The analysis of biomarkers network pointed out two relevant strong axes during early stages of dengue fever, a protective axes TNF-alpha/Lymphocytes/Platelets, and a pathological IL-2/IL-6/Viremia/Monocyte/PT bond. |
| 7442 | 24361035 | Later on, the biomarker network highlighted the interaction IFN-gamma/PLT/DENV-3(IgM;HAI)/PT, and the involvement of type-2 cytokines (IL-4; IL-5). |
| 7443 | 24370734 | Moreover, rLdTPR reasonably stimulated PBMCs of cured Leishmania patients to produce IFNγ, IL-12, and TNF-α but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 7444 | 24370734 | On the other hand, the protein downregulated LPS-induced IL-10 as well as soluble L. donovani antigen-induced IL-4 production in PBMCs of Leishmania patients. |
| 7445 | 24370734 | The efficacy was supported by the increased inducible NO synthase mRNA transcript and Th1-type cytokines IFNγ, IL-12, and TNF-α and downregulation of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. |
| 7446 | 24370734 | Moreover, rLdTPR reasonably stimulated PBMCs of cured Leishmania patients to produce IFNγ, IL-12, and TNF-α but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 7447 | 24370734 | On the other hand, the protein downregulated LPS-induced IL-10 as well as soluble L. donovani antigen-induced IL-4 production in PBMCs of Leishmania patients. |
| 7448 | 24370734 | The efficacy was supported by the increased inducible NO synthase mRNA transcript and Th1-type cytokines IFNγ, IL-12, and TNF-α and downregulation of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. |
| 7449 | 24370734 | Moreover, rLdTPR reasonably stimulated PBMCs of cured Leishmania patients to produce IFNγ, IL-12, and TNF-α but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 7450 | 24370734 | On the other hand, the protein downregulated LPS-induced IL-10 as well as soluble L. donovani antigen-induced IL-4 production in PBMCs of Leishmania patients. |
| 7451 | 24370734 | The efficacy was supported by the increased inducible NO synthase mRNA transcript and Th1-type cytokines IFNγ, IL-12, and TNF-α and downregulation of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. |
| 7452 | 24373498 | Differential inflammasome expression and IL-1β secretion in monocyte-derived dendritic cells differentiated with IL-4 or IFN-α. |
| 7453 | 24375062 | Quantiation of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ genes expression after immunization of mice with CFP-10 and ESAT-6 containing vectors. |
| 7454 | 24386114 | The systemic immune response was associated with increased production of Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2), Th2 (IL-4) and Treg (IL-10) cytokines, indicating that not only Th1-type response was induced, but also Th2- and Treg-types responses were induced, and the splenocyte stimulation index (SI) was increased in the mice immunised with rTgACT. |
| 7455 | 24421046 | Macrophages incubated with sera from vaccinated infected mice exhibited M2 surface markers (CD16, CD32, CD200, and CD206), moderate proliferation, a low oxidative/nitrosative burst, and a regulatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine response (interleukin-4 [IL-4] plus IL-10 > tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]). |
| 7456 | 24421046 | In comparison, macrophages incubated with sera from nonvaccinated infected mice exhibited M1 surface markers, vigorous proliferation, a substantial oxidative/nitrosative burst, and a proinflammatory cytokine response (TNF-α ≫ IL-4 plus IL-10). |
| 7457 | 24421046 | Macrophages incubated with sera from vaccinated infected mice exhibited M2 surface markers (CD16, CD32, CD200, and CD206), moderate proliferation, a low oxidative/nitrosative burst, and a regulatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine response (interleukin-4 [IL-4] plus IL-10 > tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]). |
| 7458 | 24421046 | In comparison, macrophages incubated with sera from nonvaccinated infected mice exhibited M1 surface markers, vigorous proliferation, a substantial oxidative/nitrosative burst, and a proinflammatory cytokine response (TNF-α ≫ IL-4 plus IL-10). |
| 7459 | 24423464 | The result show that the vaccine can stimulate mice to produce specific IgG in serum and remarkable special s-IgA in lung lavage fluid, at the same time, the contents of cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ of the experimental group were significant higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01), however, the contents of cytokines IL-4 was not different to the all groups. |
| 7460 | 24428931 | IL-4 contributes to failure, and colludes with IL-10 to exacerbate Leishmania donovani infection following administration of a subcutaneous leishmanial antigen vaccine. |
| 7461 | 24440206 | Antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2b subclass antibody levels, proportion of CD4 and CD8T cells producing IFN-γ in the splenocytes and IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α levels in the sera and in the supernatants from ex vivo splenocytes culture were all enhanced by the NP-coated PyTAM DNA vaccine. |
| 7462 | 24440303 | After two immunizations, the mice vaccinated with antigen plus mixed CpG/poly (I:C) adjuvant exhibited significantly stronger IFN-gamma responses and generated high-level CD4(+) cell responses for the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ and CD8(+) T cell responses for the cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ compared to the mice vaccinated with the corresponding antigen plus CpG or poly(I:C) alone. |
| 7463 | 24448242 | Two biologically active isoforms of IL-33 exist that are full-length or mature, but the ability of either isoform to function as a vaccine adjuvant that influences CD4 T helper 1 or CD8 T-cell immune responses is not defined. |
| 7464 | 24448242 | In addition, although both IL-33 isoforms drove robust IFN-γ responses, neither elevated secretion of IL-4 or immunoglobulin E levels. |
| 7465 | 24448242 | Further, both isoforms augmented vaccine-induced antigen-specific polyfunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses, with a large proportion of CD8(+) T cells undergoing plurifunctional cytolytic degranulation. |
| 7466 | 24448242 | Moreover, IL-33 could expand the magnitude of antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses and elicit effector-memory CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7467 | 24453241 | Vaccine-induced T cells produced IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. |
| 7468 | 24465412 | A TH2 immune response characterized by the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 in medium of BLG reactivated splenocytes was detected after either oral or intranasal administration of LL-FnBPA+ BLG. |
| 7469 | 24475071 | Assessment of their prophylactic potentials revealed ∼ 90% decrease in parasitic burden in rLdEno vaccinated hamsters against Leishmania challenge, strongly supported by an increase in mRNA expression levels of iNOS, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12 transcripts along with extreme down-regulation of TGF-β, IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 7470 | 24478103 | In this study, we found that macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells recruited to Coccidioides posadasii-infected lungs of nonvaccinated and vaccinated mice contributed to the production of IL-10. |
| 7471 | 24478103 | The major IL-10-producing leukocytes were CD8(+) T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in lungs of nonvaccinated mice, while both Foxp3(+) and Foxp3(-) subsets of IL-10(+) CD4(+) T cells were significantly elevated in vaccinated mice. |
| 7472 | 24478103 | Profiles of the recruited leukocytes in lungs revealed that only CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased in IL-10(-/-) knockout mice compared to their wild-type counterparts. |
| 7473 | 24478103 | Furthermore, ex vivo recall assays showed that CD4(+) T cells isolated from vaccinated IL-10(-/-) mice compared to vaccinated wild-type mice produced significantly higher amounts of IL-2, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17A in the presence of a coccidioidal antigen, indicating that IL-10 suppresses Th1, Th2, and Th17 immunity to Coccidioides infection. |
| 7474 | 24478103 | Analysis of absolute numbers of CD44(+) CD62L(-) CD4(+) T effector memory T cells (TEM) and IFN-γ- and IL-17A-producing CD4(+) T cells in the lungs of Coccidioides-infected mice correlated with better fungal clearance in nonvaccinated IL-10(-/-) mice than in nonvaccinated wild-type mice. |
| 7475 | 24478103 | Our results suggest that IL-10 suppresses CD4(+) T-cell immunity in nonvaccinated mice during Coccidioides infection but does not impede the development of a memory response nor exacerbate immunopathology of vaccinated mice over at least a 4-month period after the last immunization. |
| 7476 | 24485693 | Flax oil, but not fish oil, decreased the expression of IL-4 and tended to decrease expression of osteopontin and IL-8. |
| 7477 | 24488178 | Lmdd-CD24 effectively increased the number of interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD8(+) T cells and IFN-γ secretion. |
| 7478 | 24488178 | Lmdd-CD24 also enhanced the number of IL-4- and IL-10-producing T helper 2 cells. |
| 7479 | 24493438 | Several observations are remarkable: the high efficacy of local cytokines to induce an antitumor response in the absence of systemic toxicity; a surprisingly large number of cytokines possess antitumor activity in this assay (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, TNF, LT, IFN-γ, MCAF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IP-10); and in several models, cytokine-producing tumors were heavily infiltrated by T-lymphocytes that contributed to tumor destruction (for review see ref. 1). |
| 7480 | 24493438 | Currently, three cytokine gene therapy variations with IL-2, IL-4, TNF, IFN-γ, or GM-CSF genes are tested: transfected autologous tumor cells; transfected allogeneic tumor cells; and transfected autologous fibroblasts mixed with tumor cells as vaccine. |
| 7481 | 24493438 | Several observations are remarkable: the high efficacy of local cytokines to induce an antitumor response in the absence of systemic toxicity; a surprisingly large number of cytokines possess antitumor activity in this assay (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, TNF, LT, IFN-γ, MCAF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IP-10); and in several models, cytokine-producing tumors were heavily infiltrated by T-lymphocytes that contributed to tumor destruction (for review see ref. 1). |
| 7482 | 24493438 | Currently, three cytokine gene therapy variations with IL-2, IL-4, TNF, IFN-γ, or GM-CSF genes are tested: transfected autologous tumor cells; transfected allogeneic tumor cells; and transfected autologous fibroblasts mixed with tumor cells as vaccine. |
| 7483 | 24498941 | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot was applied to determine the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 secreted by splenic lymphocytes. |
| 7484 | 24498941 | The stimulation index of spleen lymphocytes and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 of pcDNA-Rv1733c-immunized mice were both higher than those of saline-immunized mice (P < 0.05). |
| 7485 | 24498941 | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot was applied to determine the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 secreted by splenic lymphocytes. |
| 7486 | 24498941 | The stimulation index of spleen lymphocytes and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 of pcDNA-Rv1733c-immunized mice were both higher than those of saline-immunized mice (P < 0.05). |
| 7487 | 24503579 | In addition, E-specific IL-4 T-cell immune responses were detected by ELISPOT after protein boost and CD8(+) specific IFN-γ expression was observed by flow cytometry. |
| 7488 | 24516564 | Prevention of intestinal allergy in mice by rflaA:Ova is associated with enforced antigen processing and TLR5-dependent IL-10 secretion by mDC. |
| 7489 | 24516564 | Using TLR5(-/-) mDC the rflaA:Ova induced IL-10 secretion was shown to be TLR5 dependent. |
| 7490 | 24516564 | In co-cultures of IL-10(-/-) mDC with DO11.10 T cells the lack of rflaA:Ova-mediated IL-10 secretion resulted in enhanced levels of both TH2 (IL-4, IL-5) and TH1 (IL-2 and IFN-y) cytokines. |
| 7491 | 24589970 | No significant difference was observed in cytokine levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, MIP-1, TNF-α, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in sera between the two groups. |
| 7492 | 24598447 | Fusion protein of mutant B7-DC and Fc enhances the antitumor immune effect of GM-CSF-secreting whole-cell vaccine. |
| 7493 | 24598447 | In addition to its coinhibitory receptor, programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), evidence suggests that B7-DC interacts with an unidentified costimulatory receptor on T cells. |
| 7494 | 24598447 | B7-DC mutants with selective binding capacity for the costimulatory receptor may be effective in stimulating antitumor immune responses, while avoiding the inhibitory effects of PD-1. |
| 7495 | 24598447 | In this study, we concomitantly administered a GM-CSF-secreting whole-cell vaccine together with a fusion protein of mutant B7-DC and Fc portion (mB7-DC-Fc), which binds selectively to the costimulatory receptor. |
| 7496 | 24598447 | In addition, mB7-DC-Fc increased IFN-γ and IL-2 production and decreased IL-4 and IL-10 production in vitro, indicating that mB7-DC-Fc tips the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1 dominance, which is more favorable for antitumor immunity. |
| 7497 | 24598447 | Furthermore, mB7-DC-Fc decreased the PD-1(+) proportion of CD8(+) T cells in vitro and tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells in vivo, suggesting that mB7-DC-Fc may maintain tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells in a nonexhausted state. |
| 7498 | 24632732 | In a PP cell culture system, b240 promoted the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor, but not IL-4, IL-5, B-cell activating factors, IFN-α, IFN-β, and transforming growth factor-β1. |
| 7499 | 24632732 | The enhanced IgA production by b240 was attenuated by neutralizing IL-6, a potent IgA-enhancing cytokine. b240 stimulated DCs to produce an elevated amount of IL-6 in a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-, but not TLR4- or TLR9-dependent manner. |
| 7500 | 24632732 | Finally, we demonstrated that TLR2-mediated IL-6 production from PP DCs in response to b240 activated B cells to produce a large amount of IgA in a DC-B cell co-culture system. |
| 7501 | 24633313 | Accordingly, following T-cell vaccination the number of IFNγ-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells was decreased by 1.6-1.8-fold, which was paralleled by 1.7-fold increases in IL-4-producing CD4(+) T-cells. |
| 7502 | 24633313 | In addition, the present study showed 5-7-fold increase in the CD8(+)CD45RO(+)CD62L(-) effector memory T-cells and central memory T-cells (both CD4(+) CD45RO(+)CD62L(+) T-cells and CD8(+)CD45RO(+)CD62L(+) T-cells) in RA patients, as compared with healthy individuals. |
| 7503 | 24633313 | We observed significant reduction in CD4(+) and CD8(+) central memory T-cells, as well as reduction in CD8(+) effector memory T-cells in vaccinated patients in the course of the treatment. |
| 7504 | 24633313 | We also demonstrated that CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T-cell levels were significantly up-regulated in the peripheral blood of RA patients following T-cell vaccination. |
| 7505 | 24633313 | However, CD4(+)CD25(-)FoxP3(+) Т-cell levels did not significantly change during the entire T-cell vaccination course. |
| 7506 | 24636301 | Additionally, positive prognostic indicators of bovine TB vaccine efficacy (i.e., responses measured after infection) include: reduced antigen-specific IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-4, and MIP1-α responses; reduced antigen-specific expansion of CD4(+) T cells; and a diminished activation profile on T cells within antigen stimulated cultures. |
| 7507 | 24648995 | In this study, we evaluated a TLR9 ligand (CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826, CpG) as an adjuvant for a partially protective DNA vaccine encoding a 26-kDa glutathione S-transferase of Schistosoma japonicum (pVAX1-Sj26GST). |
| 7508 | 24648995 | Vaccination with pVAX1-Sj26GST in combination with CpG inhibited Treg immunosuppressive function, upregulated the production of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-2 and IL-6, and decreased CD4+CD8+Foxp3+ expression in vitro, which may contribute to the escape from Treg-mediated suppression during vaccination, allowing expansion of antigen-specific T cells against pathogens. |
| 7509 | 24649223 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained by leukapheresis were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, OK-432 and prostaglandin E2 to generate DCs, which were pulsed with autologous tumor lysates or tumor-specific peptides, such as WT1. |
| 7510 | 24668365 | Gene expression analysis showed that Salmonella treatment induced expression of iNOS, arginase-1 (ARG1), and IFN-γ in the spleen, but down-regulated IL-4 and TGF-β. |
| 7511 | 24668365 | Within the tumor, expression of iNOS, IFN-γ, and S100A9 was markedly increased, but ARG1, IL-4, TGF-β, and VEGF were inhibited. |
| 7512 | 24668365 | Gene expression analysis showed that Salmonella treatment induced expression of iNOS, arginase-1 (ARG1), and IFN-γ in the spleen, but down-regulated IL-4 and TGF-β. |
| 7513 | 24668365 | Within the tumor, expression of iNOS, IFN-γ, and S100A9 was markedly increased, but ARG1, IL-4, TGF-β, and VEGF were inhibited. |
| 7514 | 24668628 | Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of the regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IFN-γ in pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells, after in vitro single vaccination and co-inoculation with PCV2 and the PRV. |
| 7515 | 24668628 | We found that PRV causes upregulation of IL-4, IL-12p40, and IFN-γ mRNA expression, while PCV2 causes mRNA upregulation of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12p40. |
| 7516 | 24668628 | Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of the regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IFN-γ in pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells, after in vitro single vaccination and co-inoculation with PCV2 and the PRV. |
| 7517 | 24668628 | We found that PRV causes upregulation of IL-4, IL-12p40, and IFN-γ mRNA expression, while PCV2 causes mRNA upregulation of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12p40. |
| 7518 | 24680943 | Different time points after boosting, we measured serum antibodies in blood samples and separated splenocytes to detect lymphocyte proliferation and the production of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ in vitro. |
| 7519 | 24680943 | We also compared immunizations containing 20μl RV and 20μl RV adjuvanted with Re (5.00mg/kg) for the expression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets at different time points. |
| 7520 | 24680943 | Results indicated that co-administration of Re significantly enhanced serum antibody titers, increased the CD4(+):CD8(+) ratio, and enhanced both proliferation responses and IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ secretions. |
| 7521 | 24680943 | Different time points after boosting, we measured serum antibodies in blood samples and separated splenocytes to detect lymphocyte proliferation and the production of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ in vitro. |
| 7522 | 24680943 | We also compared immunizations containing 20μl RV and 20μl RV adjuvanted with Re (5.00mg/kg) for the expression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets at different time points. |
| 7523 | 24680943 | Results indicated that co-administration of Re significantly enhanced serum antibody titers, increased the CD4(+):CD8(+) ratio, and enhanced both proliferation responses and IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ secretions. |
| 7524 | 24686517 | We found that the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 increased, but the levels of IL-17A and IL-4, decreased in lamina propria of colon in immune milk-fed mice as compared with those in control milk-fed mice. |
| 7525 | 24686517 | The levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ increased, but IL-6, IL-17A and IL-4 decreased in lamina propria (LP) of colon in immune milk-fed mice with DSS-induced colitis. |
| 7526 | 24686517 | We found that the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 increased, but the levels of IL-17A and IL-4, decreased in lamina propria of colon in immune milk-fed mice as compared with those in control milk-fed mice. |
| 7527 | 24686517 | The levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ increased, but IL-6, IL-17A and IL-4 decreased in lamina propria (LP) of colon in immune milk-fed mice with DSS-induced colitis. |
| 7528 | 24688858 | Expression profiles of the immune genes CD4, CD8β, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in mitogen-stimulated koala lymphocytes (Phascolarctos cinereus) by qRT-PCR. |
| 7529 | 24688858 | In this study we have used cytokine sequences from four marsupial genomes to identify mRNA sequences for key T regulatory, Th1 and Th2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) along with CD4 and CD8β. |
| 7530 | 24688858 | Phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin was found to be the most effective mitogen to up-regulate the production of IL-4, IL-10 and IFNγ. |
| 7531 | 24688858 | Expression profiles of the immune genes CD4, CD8β, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in mitogen-stimulated koala lymphocytes (Phascolarctos cinereus) by qRT-PCR. |
| 7532 | 24688858 | In this study we have used cytokine sequences from four marsupial genomes to identify mRNA sequences for key T regulatory, Th1 and Th2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) along with CD4 and CD8β. |
| 7533 | 24688858 | Phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin was found to be the most effective mitogen to up-regulate the production of IL-4, IL-10 and IFNγ. |
| 7534 | 24688858 | Expression profiles of the immune genes CD4, CD8β, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in mitogen-stimulated koala lymphocytes (Phascolarctos cinereus) by qRT-PCR. |
| 7535 | 24688858 | In this study we have used cytokine sequences from four marsupial genomes to identify mRNA sequences for key T regulatory, Th1 and Th2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) along with CD4 and CD8β. |
| 7536 | 24688858 | Phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin was found to be the most effective mitogen to up-regulate the production of IL-4, IL-10 and IFNγ. |
| 7537 | 24690608 | Splenocytes from mice immunized with the VLPs also produced significantly greater quantities of interferon (IFN)-γ than interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. |
| 7538 | 24709142 | While the presence of memory CD4 T cell subsets has been associated with lasting protection in humans exposed to multiple bites from Anopheles mosquitoes infected with attenuated Plasmodium falciparum, memory CD8 T cells maintain protection induced with Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei γ-spz in murine models. |
| 7539 | 24709142 | In this review, we discuss our observations that show memory CD8 T cells specific for antigens expressed by P. berghei liver stage parasites as an indispensable component for the maintenance of protracted protective immunity against experimental malaria infection; moreover, the provision of an Ag-depot assures a quick recall of memory T cells as IFN-γ-producing effector CD8 T cells and IL-4- producing CD4 T cells that collaborate with B cells for an effective antibody response. |
| 7540 | 24718267 | Mice with HSV-IL-2- and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced demyelinating diseases demonstrated a similar pattern and distribution of demyelination in their brain, spinal cord (SC) and optic nerves (ONs). |
| 7541 | 24718267 | In contrast, no demyelination was detected in the ONs of myelin basic protein (MBP)- and proteolipid protein (PLP)-injected mice. |
| 7542 | 24718267 | Interferon-β (IFN-β) injections significantly reduced demyelination in brains of all groups, in the SCs of the MOG and MBP groups, and completely blocked it in the SCs of the PLP and HSV-IL-2 groups as well as in ONs of MOG and HSV-IL-2 groups. |
| 7543 | 24718267 | In contrast to IFN-β treatment, IL-12p70 protected the HSV-IL-2 group from demyelination, whereas IL-4 was not effective at all in preventing demyelination. |
| 7544 | 24718267 | Collectively, the results indicate that the HSV-IL-2 model and the MOG model complement each other and, together, provide unique insights into the heterogeneity of human MS. |
| 7545 | 24729069 | Compared to the pVAX1 control group, the PAR DNA vaccination group showed the higher levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgE, IgM, stronger lymphocyte proliferation in mouse spleen, and larger production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ in the supernatant of cultures from splenocytes. |
| 7546 | 24740005 | Cytokine ELISA measurements performed using in vitro PBMC culture supernatants demonstrated significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 in the H. pylori-infected subjects, whereas IL-17A expression was not related to the subjects H. pylori-infection status. |
| 7547 | 24747611 | Further maximum protection was provided by SSG+KLD+MPL-A and it was most effective as depicted by 98.5% reduction in parasite load, a potent increase in IFN-γ levels and a significant decrease in IL-10 and IL-4 levels thus skewing the immune response towards Th1 type. |
| 7548 | 24777831 | PIAS1 and STAT-3 impair the tumoricidal potential of IFN-γ-stimulated mouse dendritic cells generated with IL-15. |
| 7549 | 24777831 | We report here that the tumoricidal potential of mouse DCs generated from myeloid precursors with GM-CSF and IL-15 (IL-15 DCs) can be triggered with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide to a similar extent compared with that of their counterparts, conventionally generated with IL-4 (IL-4 DCs). |
| 7550 | 24777831 | In contrast, interferon (IFN)-γ induces the cytotoxic activity of IL-4 but not IL-15 DCs. |
| 7551 | 24777831 | Although the IFN-γ-STAT-1 signaling pathway is overall functional in IL-15 DCs, IFN-γ fails to induce iNOS expression in these cells. iNOS expression is negatively controlled in IFN-γ-stimulated IL-15 DCs by the cooperation between the E3 SUMO ligase PIAS1 and STAT-3, and can be partially restored with PIAS1 siRNA and STAT-3 inhibitors. |
| 7552 | 24777831 | PIAS1 and STAT-3 impair the tumoricidal potential of IFN-γ-stimulated mouse dendritic cells generated with IL-15. |
| 7553 | 24777831 | We report here that the tumoricidal potential of mouse DCs generated from myeloid precursors with GM-CSF and IL-15 (IL-15 DCs) can be triggered with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide to a similar extent compared with that of their counterparts, conventionally generated with IL-4 (IL-4 DCs). |
| 7554 | 24777831 | In contrast, interferon (IFN)-γ induces the cytotoxic activity of IL-4 but not IL-15 DCs. |
| 7555 | 24777831 | Although the IFN-γ-STAT-1 signaling pathway is overall functional in IL-15 DCs, IFN-γ fails to induce iNOS expression in these cells. iNOS expression is negatively controlled in IFN-γ-stimulated IL-15 DCs by the cooperation between the E3 SUMO ligase PIAS1 and STAT-3, and can be partially restored with PIAS1 siRNA and STAT-3 inhibitors. |
| 7556 | 24777970 | Vaccination of patients with ovarian cancer with overlapping long peptides (OLP) from cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 and poly-ICLC in Montanide-ISA-51 (Montanide) was found to consistently induce integrated immune responses (antibody, CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells). |
| 7557 | 24777970 | Using detailed methods, we investigated the respective effects of poly-ICLC and Montanide adjuvant on pre- and postvaccine NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) T cells, because of their central function for induction and maintenance of both antibody and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7558 | 24777970 | Polyclonal NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) T-cell lines were generated from 12 patients using CD154-based selection of precursors before and after vaccination with (i) OLP alone, (ii) OLP in Montanide, or (iii) OLP and poly-ICLC in Montanide. |
| 7559 | 24777970 | Vaccination with OLP alone did not elicit CD4(+) T-cell responses; it suppressed high-avidity CD4(+) T-cell precursors that recognized naturally processed NY-ESO-1 protein before vaccination. |
| 7560 | 24777970 | Emulsification of OLP in Montanide was required for the expansion of high-avidity NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) T-cell precursors. |
| 7561 | 24777970 | Poly-ICLC significantly enhanced CD4(+) Th1 responses while suppressing the induction of interleukin (IL)-4-producing Th2 and IL-9-producing Th9 cells. |
| 7562 | 24788814 | Cytokine diversity in the Th1-dominated human anti-influenza response caused by variable cytokine expression by Th1 cells, and a minor population of uncommitted IL-2+IFNγ- Thpp cells. |
| 7563 | 24788814 | To test for short-term variability, in vitro-stimulated influenza-specific human memory CD4+ T cells were sorted according to IL-2 and IFNγ expression, cultured briefly in vitro, and cytokine patterns measured after restimulation. |
| 7564 | 24788814 | Both cell types yielded IFNγ-secreting cells in Th1 conditions, but only IL-2+IFNγ- cells were able to differentiate into IL-4-producing cells. |
| 7565 | 24789795 | The levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-12(p70) and the percentages of CD3(+) CD4(+) and CD3(+) CD8(+) cells in mice vaccinated with pVAX-CDPK5 were significantly increased. |
| 7566 | 24789795 | However, IL-4 and IL-10 were not produced in the vaccinated mice. |
| 7567 | 24810641 | Then, as tolerance to self-antigens can be broken by the activation of CD4 T-cell help, we tried to enhance the immunogenicity of legumain by the insertion of a foreign helper epitope, namely the p30 epitope from the tetanus toxin. |
| 7568 | 24810641 | The addition of the p30 helper epitope induced the specific production of IFN-γ by T cells, but did not significantly increase legumain-specific immunity activated after mutagenesis in the RGD motif which might be caused by simultaneous activation of a Th2 response demonstrated by the production of IL-4. |
| 7569 | 24810641 | However, the beneficial effect of the helper epitope on legumain-specific response was proved after the depletion of regulatory T cells by antibody against CD25 that preferentially stimulated Th1 immunity. |
| 7570 | 24812238 | Taurine reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA in all 3 rearing patterns, IL-4 mRNA expression in the high-density group, and IL-10 in the low-density group (P < 0.05). |
| 7571 | 24813415 | The mice immunised with rTgRACK1 also displayed increased levels of rTgRACK1-specific IgA, total IgG, IgG1 and in particular IgG2a in their blood sera, increased production of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 but not IL-10 from their isolated spleen cells, and enhanced splenocyte proliferation in vitro. rTgRACK1-vaccinated mice were effectively protected against infection with T. gondii RH strain, showing over 50% reduction of tachyzoite burdens in their liver and brain tissues during a chronic infection, and also a 45% increase in their survivals during a lethal challenge. |
| 7572 | 24814525 | Our results show that administration of tuzin DNA protected BALB/c mice against L. donovani challenge and that protective immunity was associated with higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 production in comparison to IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 7573 | 24815404 | The results indicated that PPSB significantly enhanced specific antibody titers IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, and concentration of IL-2 and IL-4 in sera of mice immunized with pD-HSP90C (p<0.05). |
| 7574 | 24882496 | Pigs inoculated with pVAX1-EU-ORF3-ORF5 developed significantly higher (P<0.05) PRRSV-specific antibody responses, neutralizing antibodies and levels of IL-4 and IL-10 than those given pVAX1-EU-ORF3, pVAX1-EU-ORF5 or pVAX1. |
| 7575 | 24882496 | Moreover, pigs immunized with pVAX1-EU-ORF3-ORF5 had markedly increased levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 in serum and T-lymphocytes (CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells) in peripheral blood. |
| 7576 | 24888320 | Wb20/22 elicited very high levels of IL-10 and diminished levels of IL-4 and IL-5 which could be the reason for low antibody titre. |
| 7577 | 24899075 | In addition, oral immunization with spray-dried NPs loaded with peanut proteins was associated with a significant decrease in splenic T(H)2 cytokines (interleukin 4 [IL-4], IL-5, and IL-6) and enhancement of both T(H)1 (gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines. |
| 7578 | 24901123 | Our study found that the vaccine could promote the proliferation of antigen-specific T cells, enhance the killing activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL), promote Th1-type cells mediated secretion of cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 while inhibiting Th2-type cells mediated secretion of IL-4, and inhibit the secretion of TGF-beta. |
| 7579 | 24906778 | Co-administration of CS3 to BALB/c mice immunized with HBsAg significantly enhanced the influx of macrophages and dendritic cells in spleen, increased antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ cell numbers, and promoted splenocyte proliferation. |
| 7580 | 24906778 | The higher expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, lower expression of interleukin (IL)-4, and higher IgG2a/IgG1 ratio within the anti-HBsAg antibodies in mice immunized with HBsAg plus CS3 than those in mice receiving HBsAg alone indicated that CS3 induced a shift toward a Th1-biased immune response. |
| 7581 | 24906994 | After incubated with CotC-CsLAP2, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF significantly increased in the supernatant of splenocytes isolated from mice orally treated with CotC-CsLAP2 spores, while there was no statistically significant difference of IL-4 level representing Th2 response among the groups. |
| 7582 | 24910129 | Here we demonstrate that activated but not resting B cells induce maturation of DCs with distinct features to polarize Th2 cells that secrete interleukin (IL)-5, IL-4 and IL-13. |
| 7583 | 24910129 | B-cell-induced maturation of DCs is contact dependent and implicates signalling of B-cell activation molecules CD69, B-cell-activating factor receptor, and transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor. |
| 7584 | 24926810 | Female BALB/c mice were immunized by intraperitoneal inoculation of rNspA, glutathione S-transferase (GST) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). |
| 7585 | 24926810 | The levels of specific immunoglobulin (Ig) A (SIgA), IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 of mice in the rNspA group peaked at week six and were higher than those in the mice in the GST and PBS groups. |
| 7586 | 24926810 | The levels of stimulation index, interleukin-4 and interferon-γ in the culture supernatant of the spleen lymphocytes of the rNspA group increased in a time-dependent manner and were higher than those of the mice in the GST and PBS groups over the same period. |
| 7587 | 24931647 | Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G titers and the secretions of both Th1-type (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2-type (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines were higher in ducklings that had been vaccinated with LMS. |
| 7588 | 24941746 | BALB/c mice were subcutaneously immunized with Rv2628 protein, the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the spleen cells was determined by Sandwich ELISA, in the Rv2628 immunized group, the level of IFN-gamma was significantly higher than that of IL-4 (P < 0.000 1). |
| 7589 | 24962751 | The results demonstrated that rTs-Hsp70 activated DC maturation that was characterized by the secretion of IL-1β, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the increased surface expression of CD11c, MHC II, CD40, CD80, and CD86. |
| 7590 | 24962751 | The rTs-Hsp70-activated DCs enabled the stimulation, proliferation and secretion of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., INF-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6) in CD4(+) T cells from T. spiralis-infected mice. |
| 7591 | 24962751 | This partial protection was correlated with Th1 and Th2 mixed anti-Ts-Hsp70-specific immune responses that included high titers of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and increased levels of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6). |
| 7592 | 24962751 | The results demonstrated that rTs-Hsp70 activated DC maturation that was characterized by the secretion of IL-1β, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the increased surface expression of CD11c, MHC II, CD40, CD80, and CD86. |
| 7593 | 24962751 | The rTs-Hsp70-activated DCs enabled the stimulation, proliferation and secretion of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., INF-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6) in CD4(+) T cells from T. spiralis-infected mice. |
| 7594 | 24962751 | This partial protection was correlated with Th1 and Th2 mixed anti-Ts-Hsp70-specific immune responses that included high titers of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and increased levels of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6). |
| 7595 | 24967908 | Arg1 expression was amplified by, but did not require, IL-4, and required de novo synthesis of unknown protein(s). |
| 7596 | 24967908 | Analysis of growth factors and their signaling pathways revealed that the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR-1) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R) and a number of downstream signaling proteins were activated in splenic macrophages isolated from hamsters infected with L. donovani. |
| 7597 | 24967908 | Recombinant FGF-2 and IGF-1 increased the expression of arg1 in L. donovani infected hamster macrophages, and this induction was augmented by IL-4. |
| 7598 | 24967908 | Inhibition of FGFR-1 and IGF-1R decreased arg1 expression and restricted L. donovani replication in both in vitro and ex vivo models of infection. |
| 7599 | 24967908 | STAT6 was activated in infected macrophages exposed to either FGF-2 or IGF-1, and STAT6 was critical to the FGFR-1- and IGF-1R-mediated expression of arg1. |
| 7600 | 24967908 | The converse was also true as inhibition of FGFR-1 and IGF-1R reduced the activation of STAT6 in infected macrophages. |
| 7601 | 24967908 | Collectively, these data indicate that the FGFR/IGF-1R and IL-4 signaling pathways converge at STAT6 to promote pathologic arg1 expression and intracellular parasite survival in VL. |
| 7602 | 24967908 | Arg1 expression was amplified by, but did not require, IL-4, and required de novo synthesis of unknown protein(s). |
| 7603 | 24967908 | Analysis of growth factors and their signaling pathways revealed that the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR-1) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R) and a number of downstream signaling proteins were activated in splenic macrophages isolated from hamsters infected with L. donovani. |
| 7604 | 24967908 | Recombinant FGF-2 and IGF-1 increased the expression of arg1 in L. donovani infected hamster macrophages, and this induction was augmented by IL-4. |
| 7605 | 24967908 | Inhibition of FGFR-1 and IGF-1R decreased arg1 expression and restricted L. donovani replication in both in vitro and ex vivo models of infection. |
| 7606 | 24967908 | STAT6 was activated in infected macrophages exposed to either FGF-2 or IGF-1, and STAT6 was critical to the FGFR-1- and IGF-1R-mediated expression of arg1. |
| 7607 | 24967908 | The converse was also true as inhibition of FGFR-1 and IGF-1R reduced the activation of STAT6 in infected macrophages. |
| 7608 | 24967908 | Collectively, these data indicate that the FGFR/IGF-1R and IL-4 signaling pathways converge at STAT6 to promote pathologic arg1 expression and intracellular parasite survival in VL. |
| 7609 | 24967908 | Arg1 expression was amplified by, but did not require, IL-4, and required de novo synthesis of unknown protein(s). |
| 7610 | 24967908 | Analysis of growth factors and their signaling pathways revealed that the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR-1) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R) and a number of downstream signaling proteins were activated in splenic macrophages isolated from hamsters infected with L. donovani. |
| 7611 | 24967908 | Recombinant FGF-2 and IGF-1 increased the expression of arg1 in L. donovani infected hamster macrophages, and this induction was augmented by IL-4. |
| 7612 | 24967908 | Inhibition of FGFR-1 and IGF-1R decreased arg1 expression and restricted L. donovani replication in both in vitro and ex vivo models of infection. |
| 7613 | 24967908 | STAT6 was activated in infected macrophages exposed to either FGF-2 or IGF-1, and STAT6 was critical to the FGFR-1- and IGF-1R-mediated expression of arg1. |
| 7614 | 24967908 | The converse was also true as inhibition of FGFR-1 and IGF-1R reduced the activation of STAT6 in infected macrophages. |
| 7615 | 24967908 | Collectively, these data indicate that the FGFR/IGF-1R and IL-4 signaling pathways converge at STAT6 to promote pathologic arg1 expression and intracellular parasite survival in VL. |
| 7616 | 24968940 | We found that helminth infection, characterized by the induction of the cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the activation of the transcription factor Stat6, reactivated murine γ-herpesvirus infection in vivo. |
| 7617 | 24968940 | IL-4 promoted viral replication and blocked the antiviral effects of interferon-γ (IFNγ) by inducing Stat6 binding to the promoter for an important viral transcriptional transactivator. |
| 7618 | 24968940 | We found that helminth infection, characterized by the induction of the cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the activation of the transcription factor Stat6, reactivated murine γ-herpesvirus infection in vivo. |
| 7619 | 24968940 | IL-4 promoted viral replication and blocked the antiviral effects of interferon-γ (IFNγ) by inducing Stat6 binding to the promoter for an important viral transcriptional transactivator. |
| 7620 | 24972567 | Mice were co-immunized with pCCL20 developed higher levels of core specific IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio and IL-2 release, IFN-γ producing cells, lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic Grenzyme B release in both draining lymph nodes and spleen cells of immunized mice. |
| 7621 | 24982958 | The efficacy of passive immunizations (colostral passive immunity by mare vaccination and artificial passive immunity by HI plasma administration) was evaluated based on clinical signs, complete blood count, blood gas analysis, serological response (ELISA), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN- γ ), total cell count of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) samples, reisolation rate of R. equi from BALF samples (CFU/mL), lung samples (CFU/gr), and lesion scores of the organs and tissue according to pathological findings after necropsy in the foals. |
| 7622 | 24994009 | Moreover, Δery induced an anti-Brucella-specific IgG (immunoglobulin G) response and stimulated the expression of interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). |
| 7623 | 24995396 | In lymphocyte transformation assay, splenocytes of immunized mice exhibited a strong recall proliferative response with high amounts of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-10 and IL-6 and very low levels of IL-5 and IL-4 production. |
| 7624 | 25009233 | Mice treated with the IL-4/anti-IL-4 immune complexes, shown previously to sustain levels of circulating IL-4, increased the RSV-induced AAM markers arginase-1 and mannose receptor and decreased the lung pathology. |
| 7625 | 25066736 | Allergic diseases are characterized by immune dysregulation, with increases in IL-4 and IL-6, both of which exert negative effects on Treg function. |
| 7626 | 25073113 | Quantitative-PCR and immunofluorescence staining results indicate that SARS-CoV is capable of replication in HL-CZ cells, and of displaying virus-induced cytopathic effects and increased levels of TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-6 two days post-infection. |
| 7627 | 25073113 | According to flow cytometry data, the HL-CZ cells also expressed angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, a SARS-CoV receptor) and higher levels of the FcγRII receptor. |
| 7628 | 25102355 | Up to this time, they produced higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-17A and IL-10 and higher specific antibody response than control non-vaccinated mice. |
| 7629 | 25111185 | Peptide-specific IFN-γ production by splenic T cells obtained at 5 weeks post-immunization was quantified by ELISpot assay; additionally, the production of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α were quantified by cytokine bead array. |
| 7630 | 25111185 | Splenocytes derived from vaccinated HLA-A2/DRB1 transgenic mice exhibited peptide-specific cytokine production to the vast majority of the vaccine-encoded HLA class I- and class II-restricted T cell epitopes. |
| 7631 | 25114104 | In this article, we report that C57BL/6 mice lacking the adapter protein MyD88, which mediates signaling by TLRs and IL-1 family members, showed enhanced immunity to H. polygyrus infection. |
| 7632 | 25114104 | Alongside increased parasite expulsion, MyD88-deficient mice showed heightened IL-4 and IL-17A production from mesenteric lymph node CD4(+) cells. |
| 7633 | 25114104 | In addition, MyD88(-/-) mice developed substantial numbers of intestinal granulomas around the site of infection, which were not seen in MyD88-sufficient C57BL/6 mice, nor when signaling through the adapter protein TRIF (TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β adapter protein) was also ablated. |
| 7634 | 25114104 | Mice deficient solely in TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, or TLR9 did not show enhanced parasite expulsion, suggesting that these TLRs signal redundantly to maintain H. polygyrus susceptibility in wild-type mice. |
| 7635 | 25114104 | Like IL-1R1(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) mice, animals lacking signaling through the type 1 IFN receptor (i.e., IFNAR1(-/-)) also developed intestinal granulomas. |
| 7636 | 25114104 | Hence, IL-1R1, MyD88, and type 1 IFN receptor signaling may provide pathways to impede granuloma formation in vivo, but additional MyD88-mediated signals are associated with inhibition of protective immunity in susceptible C57BL/6 mice. |
| 7637 | 25118374 | The titers of neutralizing antibodies against EV71 were determined using cytopathic effect-based neutralizing assay, and levels of cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4) secreted from in vitro-cultured rabbit splenic lymphocytes under antigen stimulation were also determined by ELISA. |
| 7638 | 25118374 | Levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the group immunized with rVP1 plus chitosan were significantly higher than those in the group immunized with rVP1 only or those in the control groups. |
| 7639 | 25118374 | The titers of neutralizing antibodies against EV71 were determined using cytopathic effect-based neutralizing assay, and levels of cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4) secreted from in vitro-cultured rabbit splenic lymphocytes under antigen stimulation were also determined by ELISA. |
| 7640 | 25118374 | Levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the group immunized with rVP1 plus chitosan were significantly higher than those in the group immunized with rVP1 only or those in the control groups. |
| 7641 | 25122166 | Immunisation of mice with peptides so-called B1, B2, B5, B6, T14, T15 and T16 induced high levels of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a (p<0.05) and a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg immune response, according to IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 levels, accompanied by increased CD62L+ T-cell populations. |
| 7642 | 25148775 | The cellular immune response was assessed by detection of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 in splenocyte culture supernatants. |
| 7643 | 25149304 | The most utilized Elispot assay is the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) test, a marker for CD8(+) CTL activation, but Elispot can also be used to distinguish different subsets of activated T cells by using other cytokines such as T-helper (Th) 1-type cells (characterized by the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-21, and TNF-α), Th2 (producing cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13), and Th17 (IL-17) cells. |
| 7644 | 25149432 | Subcutaneous inverse vaccination with PLGA particles loaded with a MOG peptide and IL-10 decreases the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. |
| 7645 | 25149432 | This problem has been overcome by DNA-based vaccines encoding for myelin autoantigens alone or in combination with "adjuvant" molecules, such as interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10, that support regulatory immune responses. |
| 7646 | 25149432 | The aim of this work was to test the effectiveness of PLGA-NP loaded with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 autoantigen and recombinant (r) IL-10 to inverse vaccinate mice with EAE. |
| 7647 | 25149432 | Moreover, they decreased the histopathologic lesions in the central nervous tissue and the secretion of IL-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ induced by MOG35-55 in splenic T cells in vitro. |
| 7648 | 25151041 | We have established that the efficacy of a heterologous poxvirus vectored HIV vaccine, fowlpox virus (FPV)-HIV gag/pol prime followed by attenuated vaccinia virus (VV)-HIV gag/pol booster immunisation, is strongly influenced by the cytokine milieu at the priming vaccination site, with endogenous IL-13 detrimental to the quality of the HIV specific CD8+ T cell response induced. |
| 7649 | 25151041 | In our vaccine system, the mutant IL-4C118 can bind to IL-4 type I and II receptors with high affinity, and transiently prevent the signalling of both IL-4 and IL-13 at the vaccination site. |
| 7650 | 25151041 | When this IL-4C118 adjuvanted vaccine was used in an intranasal rFPV/intramuscular rVV prime-boost immunisation strategy, greatly enhanced mucosal/systemic HIV specific CD8+ T cells with higher functional avidity, expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 and greater protective efficacy were detected. |
| 7651 | 25151041 | More interestingly, our recently tested IL-13Rα2 adjuvanted vaccine which only inhibited IL-13 activity, even though induced excellent high avidity HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, had a detrimental impact on the induction of gag-specific IgG2a antibody immunity. |
| 7652 | 25151041 | Our observations suggest that (i) IL-4 cell-signalling in the absence of IL-13 retarded gag-specific antibody isotype class switching, or (ii) IL-13Rα2 signalling was involved in inducing good gag-specific B cell immunity. |
| 7653 | 25151041 | We have established that the efficacy of a heterologous poxvirus vectored HIV vaccine, fowlpox virus (FPV)-HIV gag/pol prime followed by attenuated vaccinia virus (VV)-HIV gag/pol booster immunisation, is strongly influenced by the cytokine milieu at the priming vaccination site, with endogenous IL-13 detrimental to the quality of the HIV specific CD8+ T cell response induced. |
| 7654 | 25151041 | In our vaccine system, the mutant IL-4C118 can bind to IL-4 type I and II receptors with high affinity, and transiently prevent the signalling of both IL-4 and IL-13 at the vaccination site. |
| 7655 | 25151041 | When this IL-4C118 adjuvanted vaccine was used in an intranasal rFPV/intramuscular rVV prime-boost immunisation strategy, greatly enhanced mucosal/systemic HIV specific CD8+ T cells with higher functional avidity, expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 and greater protective efficacy were detected. |
| 7656 | 25151041 | More interestingly, our recently tested IL-13Rα2 adjuvanted vaccine which only inhibited IL-13 activity, even though induced excellent high avidity HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, had a detrimental impact on the induction of gag-specific IgG2a antibody immunity. |
| 7657 | 25151041 | Our observations suggest that (i) IL-4 cell-signalling in the absence of IL-13 retarded gag-specific antibody isotype class switching, or (ii) IL-13Rα2 signalling was involved in inducing good gag-specific B cell immunity. |
| 7658 | 25156362 | In contrast, substantial inhibition of IL-10, IL-4, and IL-13 expression and the absence of degranulated mast cells and less influx of eosinophils within the ears of immunized/challenged mice suggested a controlled anti-inflammatory response. |
| 7659 | 25156362 | L. mexicana Ag-stimulated lymph node cell culture from the immunized/challenged mice revealed induction of IFN-γ secretion by the CD4 and CD8 T cells compared with non-immunized/challenged mice. |
| 7660 | 25159217 | IL-4 and IL-13 receptors: Roles in immunity and powerful vaccine adjuvants. |
| 7661 | 25159217 | The roles of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 during both innate and adaptive Th2 mediated immunity have received considerable scrutiny, however, mechanisms by which these cytokines influence the cellular interactions involved in negatively modulating the development of effective Th1 immunity are poorly characterized. |
| 7662 | 25159217 | In this article we discuss the recent advances in IL-4/IL-13 biology, mainly (i) role of these cytokines in allergic inflammation, atopic dermatitis, cancer, transplant rejection, bacterial/viral infections, and specifically the therapeutic potential of IL-13Rα2, (ii) insights into how "alarmin" stimulation activate IL-4/IL-13 at the lung mucosae, (iii) how these two cytokines modulate antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell quality/avidity in a vaccine route dependent manner and (iv) finally discuss the potential of using transient inhibition of IL-4 and/or IL-13 at the vaccination site as a platform vaccine technology to induce strong sustained high quality CD8(+) T cell immunity for protection against many chronic mucosal pathogens such as HIV-1. |
| 7663 | 25159217 | IL-4 and IL-13 receptors: Roles in immunity and powerful vaccine adjuvants. |
| 7664 | 25159217 | The roles of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 during both innate and adaptive Th2 mediated immunity have received considerable scrutiny, however, mechanisms by which these cytokines influence the cellular interactions involved in negatively modulating the development of effective Th1 immunity are poorly characterized. |
| 7665 | 25159217 | In this article we discuss the recent advances in IL-4/IL-13 biology, mainly (i) role of these cytokines in allergic inflammation, atopic dermatitis, cancer, transplant rejection, bacterial/viral infections, and specifically the therapeutic potential of IL-13Rα2, (ii) insights into how "alarmin" stimulation activate IL-4/IL-13 at the lung mucosae, (iii) how these two cytokines modulate antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell quality/avidity in a vaccine route dependent manner and (iv) finally discuss the potential of using transient inhibition of IL-4 and/or IL-13 at the vaccination site as a platform vaccine technology to induce strong sustained high quality CD8(+) T cell immunity for protection against many chronic mucosal pathogens such as HIV-1. |
| 7666 | 25159217 | IL-4 and IL-13 receptors: Roles in immunity and powerful vaccine adjuvants. |
| 7667 | 25159217 | The roles of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 during both innate and adaptive Th2 mediated immunity have received considerable scrutiny, however, mechanisms by which these cytokines influence the cellular interactions involved in negatively modulating the development of effective Th1 immunity are poorly characterized. |
| 7668 | 25159217 | In this article we discuss the recent advances in IL-4/IL-13 biology, mainly (i) role of these cytokines in allergic inflammation, atopic dermatitis, cancer, transplant rejection, bacterial/viral infections, and specifically the therapeutic potential of IL-13Rα2, (ii) insights into how "alarmin" stimulation activate IL-4/IL-13 at the lung mucosae, (iii) how these two cytokines modulate antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell quality/avidity in a vaccine route dependent manner and (iv) finally discuss the potential of using transient inhibition of IL-4 and/or IL-13 at the vaccination site as a platform vaccine technology to induce strong sustained high quality CD8(+) T cell immunity for protection against many chronic mucosal pathogens such as HIV-1. |
| 7669 | 25173481 | In mice, the AS03- and AS25-adjuvanted i.m. vaccines generated a mixed Th1-Th2 response at 6 and 19 weeks after the last immunization as shown by the production of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies as well as the production of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 7670 | 25173485 | Analysis of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β1 cytokines after immunization and compared with the control groups showed significant increments in pTgGR group. |
| 7671 | 25173485 | Additionally, T lymphocytes subpopulation CD4(+) T was positively recruited with significant percentage detected, while subset CD8(+) appeared not to be involved in response to this antigen. |
| 7672 | 25174880 | Here, we compared phenotype and functional characteristics of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) generated in the presence of IL-4/GM-CSF (IL4-DCs) and IFNα/GM-CSF (IFN-DCs). |
| 7673 | 25174880 | We showed that IFN-DCs displayed semi-mature phenotype and expressed higher level of CD123, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and B7-H1 molecules in comparison with IL4-DCs. |
| 7674 | 25174880 | LPS-stimulated IFN-DCs were characterized by greater production of Th1/pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17), Тh2/anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-5), hematopoietic growth factors (G-CSF) and chemokines (MCP-1). |
| 7675 | 25174880 | LPS-stimulated IFN-DCs possessed higher direct cytotoxic activity against TRAIL-sensitive tumor cell line Jurkat and similar cytotoxicity against TRAIL-resistant tumor HEp-2 cells. |
| 7676 | 25174880 | Besides, IFN-DCs and IL4-DCs equally induced apoptosis of activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7677 | 25178151 | In addition, in pnd 17 spleen cells, αGalCer significantly stimulated the production of NK T cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ, and promoted the proliferation of CD23(+) B cells, a subset of B cells enriched in germinal centres. |
| 7678 | 25187406 | The humoral immunity was evaluated by measuring the specific and total IgG levels, and also the T-cell immune response of mice was evaluated by measuring different cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17. |
| 7679 | 25187406 | Co-administration of HPV-16 L1VLPs with R-LPS elicited the highest levels of splenocytes cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TNF-α) and also effectively induced improvement of a Th1-type cytokine response characterized with a high ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10. |
| 7680 | 25187406 | The humoral immunity was evaluated by measuring the specific and total IgG levels, and also the T-cell immune response of mice was evaluated by measuring different cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17. |
| 7681 | 25187406 | Co-administration of HPV-16 L1VLPs with R-LPS elicited the highest levels of splenocytes cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TNF-α) and also effectively induced improvement of a Th1-type cytokine response characterized with a high ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10. |
| 7682 | 25197336 | The findings showed that the cytokine repertoire in the murine model was shifted after SIT, including stronger secretion of IFN-γ and IL-10, and a decreased production of IL-4 and IL-17. |
| 7683 | 25200734 | The peritoneal and consequently spleen CD19(+) cells are activated by the F. tularensis LVS infection to express the activation markers from MHC class II, CD25, CD54, CD69, and the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. |
| 7684 | 25200734 | As early as 12 h post-infection, the peritoneal CD19(+) cells produce IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α. |
| 7685 | 25202304 | The CD8(+) T cell-mediated protective immune response against CSP is dependent on the interleukin loop involving IL-4 receptor expression on CD8(+) cells and IL-4 secretion by CD4(+) T cell helpers. |
| 7686 | 25202304 | In the liver, the hepatic sinusoids are enriched with cells, such as dendritic, sinusoidal endothelial and Kupffer cells, that are able to cross-present MHC class I antigens to intrahepatic CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7687 | 25206904 | In the AdCpG(Aβ3-10)10 group, levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 were increased, while those of IL-2 and interferon-γ were decreased. |
| 7688 | 25206904 | In the Aβ42 group, levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-2 and interferon-γ were all increased. |
| 7689 | 25206904 | In the AdCpG(Aβ3-10)10 group, levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 were increased, while those of IL-2 and interferon-γ were decreased. |
| 7690 | 25206904 | In the Aβ42 group, levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-2 and interferon-γ were all increased. |
| 7691 | 25208941 | Interleukin-4 receptor alpha overexpression in human bladder cancer correlates with the pathological grade and stage of the disease. |
| 7692 | 25208941 | Previously, we have demonstrated that interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) is overexpressed on a variety of human cancers and can serve as target for IL-4 immunotoxin comprised of IL-4 and a mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin. |
| 7693 | 25208941 | Two other chains of IL-4 receptor complex, IL-2RγC and IL-13Rα1, were absent or weakly expressed. |
| 7694 | 25208941 | Interleukin-4 receptor alpha overexpression in human bladder cancer correlates with the pathological grade and stage of the disease. |
| 7695 | 25208941 | Previously, we have demonstrated that interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) is overexpressed on a variety of human cancers and can serve as target for IL-4 immunotoxin comprised of IL-4 and a mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin. |
| 7696 | 25208941 | Two other chains of IL-4 receptor complex, IL-2RγC and IL-13Rα1, were absent or weakly expressed. |
| 7697 | 25208941 | Interleukin-4 receptor alpha overexpression in human bladder cancer correlates with the pathological grade and stage of the disease. |
| 7698 | 25208941 | Previously, we have demonstrated that interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) is overexpressed on a variety of human cancers and can serve as target for IL-4 immunotoxin comprised of IL-4 and a mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin. |
| 7699 | 25208941 | Two other chains of IL-4 receptor complex, IL-2RγC and IL-13Rα1, were absent or weakly expressed. |
| 7700 | 25211769 | CD4-positive T cells from mice primed with OVA-NPs produced substantial levels of IL-21 and IL-4, comparable to those from OVA-alum group. |
| 7701 | 25211769 | Moreover, when OVA-NPs-primed, but not OVA-alum-primed, B cells were cultured in the presence of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, IL-4, and IL-21, or LPS plus TGF-β in vitro, OVA-specific IgG1 or IgG2b antibody responses were elicited, suggesting that immunization with OVA-NPs modulates B cells to generate IgG1 and IgG2b responses. |
| 7702 | 25211769 | CD4-positive T cells from mice primed with OVA-NPs produced substantial levels of IL-21 and IL-4, comparable to those from OVA-alum group. |
| 7703 | 25211769 | Moreover, when OVA-NPs-primed, but not OVA-alum-primed, B cells were cultured in the presence of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, IL-4, and IL-21, or LPS plus TGF-β in vitro, OVA-specific IgG1 or IgG2b antibody responses were elicited, suggesting that immunization with OVA-NPs modulates B cells to generate IgG1 and IgG2b responses. |
| 7704 | 25218192 | The aims of this study were to address the protective immune response induced by S19 vaccination (n=10) and RB51 revaccination, in pregnant (n=9) and non-pregnant (n=10) S19 calfhood-vaccinated cattle as follows: evaluate the in vitro CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes specific proliferation, and in vitro expression of IFN-γ by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells and IL-4 by CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD21(+) lymphocytes subset. |
| 7705 | 25218192 | Upon in vitro stimulation with γ-irradiated Brucella abortus 2308, blood mononuclear cells from S19 vaccinated and RB51 revaccinated cows exhibited significantly higher proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes and CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) T-cells compared to non-vaccinated animals. |
| 7706 | 25218192 | RB51 revaccination, regardless of the pregnancy status, did not enhance the proliferation of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cells nor IFN-γ or IL-4 production. |
| 7707 | 25218192 | Data from the present study suggest that cattle's cellular immune response induced after brucellosis vaccination and revaccination is due to CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes, being CD4(+) T-cells the main source of IFN-γ. |
| 7708 | 25218192 | The aims of this study were to address the protective immune response induced by S19 vaccination (n=10) and RB51 revaccination, in pregnant (n=9) and non-pregnant (n=10) S19 calfhood-vaccinated cattle as follows: evaluate the in vitro CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes specific proliferation, and in vitro expression of IFN-γ by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells and IL-4 by CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD21(+) lymphocytes subset. |
| 7709 | 25218192 | Upon in vitro stimulation with γ-irradiated Brucella abortus 2308, blood mononuclear cells from S19 vaccinated and RB51 revaccinated cows exhibited significantly higher proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes and CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) T-cells compared to non-vaccinated animals. |
| 7710 | 25218192 | RB51 revaccination, regardless of the pregnancy status, did not enhance the proliferation of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cells nor IFN-γ or IL-4 production. |
| 7711 | 25218192 | Data from the present study suggest that cattle's cellular immune response induced after brucellosis vaccination and revaccination is due to CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes, being CD4(+) T-cells the main source of IFN-γ. |
| 7712 | 25240754 | Although comparable levels of antigen-specific IgG2a and IgG1 were observed in immunized mice, high amounts of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-6, no detectable level of IL-4 and very low levels of IL-10 and IL-5 were produced by splenocytes of vaccinated mice suggesting induction of a Th1 dominant immune response by DnaK. |
| 7713 | 25242652 | Spleen cells from mice receiving galactosylated liposomes were restimulated with OVA and showed significantly augmented levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 7714 | 25244501 | Analysis of cytokine profiles revealed significant increases of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17, while no significant changes were detected in TGF-β1. |
| 7715 | 25244501 | In cell-mediated response, both T lymphocytes subpopulations CD4(+) and CD8(+) were positively recruited as significant percentages were recorded in response to immunization with TgMDH. |
| 7716 | 25253666 | One month after booster vaccination (age 16 to 19 months), our study revealed significant increase in gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production in response to the PT and FIM antigens, a significant increase in IL-2 production with the PT, FHA, and PRN antigens, and a lack of significant interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion with any of the antigens. |
| 7717 | 25253667 | Interleukin-10- and transforming growth factor β-independent regulation of CD8⁺ T cells expressing type 1 and type 2 cytokines in human lymphatic filariasis. |
| 7718 | 25253667 | INF individuals exhibited significant decreases in the frequencies of CD8⁺ T cells expressing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and interleukin-22 (IL-22) at baseline and/or in response to filarial antigens, compared with CP and EN individuals. |
| 7719 | 25253667 | In contrast, the same individuals exhibited significant increases in the frequencies of CD8⁺ T cells expressing IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-21, compared with CP and/or EN individuals. |
| 7720 | 25253667 | Finally, the regulation of these responses appears to be independent of IL-10 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), since blockade of IL-10 or TGF-β signaling did not significantly alter the frequencies of type 1 or type 2 cytokine-expressing CD8⁺ T cells. |
| 7721 | 25254971 | We found no activation or even reduction in base-line expression for multiple molecules (IL-7, IL-4, IL-13, GATA3, ROR-γt, and CXCL12) at 2, 6 and 10 days post-infection. |
| 7722 | 25254971 | This selective impairment in type 2-related immune responses correlated with a significant activation of the genes for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, as well as CXCR3- and CXCR1-related chemokines in inflamed tissues. |
| 7723 | 25254971 | The elevated angiopoietin (Ang)-2 expression and Ang-2/Ang-1 ratios suggested excessive inflammation and the loss of endothelial integrity. |
| 7724 | 25255141 | In this study, RH strain T. gondii rhoptry protein 17 was expressed in bacteria as a fusion with glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the recombinant proteins (rTgROP17) were purified via GST-affinity chromatography. |
| 7725 | 25255141 | The systemic immune response was associated with increased production of Th1 (IFN-γand IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines, and enhanced lymphoproliferation (stimulation index, SI) in the mice immunised with rTgROP17. |
| 7726 | 25261870 | Compared to the standard i.n. recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV)-HIV vaccination, the FPV-HIV IL-13Rα2 or IL-4Rα antagonist adjuvanted vaccines that induced higher avidity CD8(+) T cells, also recruited significantly elevated MHCII(+) CD11c(+) CD11b(+) CD103(-) CD64(-) MAR-1(-) conventional DC (cDCs) to the lung mucosae (hierarchy: IL-4R antagonist>IL-13Rα2>unadjuvanted). |
| 7727 | 25261870 | In contrast, elevated CD11b(-) CD103(+) LDCs were detected in animals that received recombinant HIV vaccinia virus (rVV) or Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) vector-based vaccines. |
| 7728 | 25261870 | Adoptive transfer studies indicated that CD11b(-) CD103(+) LDCs significantly dampened HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell avidity compared to CD11b(+) CD103(-) LDCs. |
| 7729 | 25261870 | Collectively; our observations revealed that rFPV vector prime and transient inhibition of IL-4/IL-13 at the vaccination site favoured the recruitment of unique LDCs, associated with the induction of high quality immunity. |
| 7730 | 25268700 | Based on this, we have previously identified several Th1-stimulatory proteins of Leishmania donovani -triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and elongation factor-2 (EL-2) etc. including heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) which induced Th1-type of cellular responses in both cured Leishmania patients/hamsters. |
| 7731 | 25268700 | Therefore, in this study, we checked whether HSP70 can further enhance the immunogenicity and protective responses of the above said Th1-stimulatory proteins. |
| 7732 | 25268700 | Since, in most of the studies, immunogenicity of HSP70 of L. donovani was assessed in native condition, herein we generated recombinant HSP70 and tested its potential to stimulate immune responses in lymphocytes of cured Leishmania infected hamsters as well as in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cured patients of VL either individually or in combination with above mentioned recombinant proteins. rLdHSP70 alone elicited strong cellular responses along with remarkable up-regulation of IFN-γ and IL-12 cytokines and extremely lower level of IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 7733 | 25268700 | These observations indicated that vaccine(s) based on combination of HSP70 with Th1-stimulatory protein(s) may be a viable proposition against intracellular pathogens. |
| 7734 | 25282449 | WIV antigen alone induced mainly Th1 cytokines secretion, whereas BLP showed increased secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-4, but not IL-10, and may be resembles a Th0 like response. |
| 7735 | 25282449 | BLP significantly promoted growth and expansion of natural killer cells and of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets in the spleen. |
| 7736 | 25288644 | The level of IFN-γ was higher in the GIT group than in the IsdB group (P<0.05), and the level of IL-4 was higher in the GIT group than in the GapC or TRAP groups (P<0.05). |
| 7737 | 25293397 | This protective immunity might be attributed to enhanced cell-mediated immunity, which is interpreted as increased lymphocytes proliferation, increased levels of Th1-type (IFN-γ) and Th2-type (IL-4) cytokines production and increased CD4(+) to CD8(+) ratios, resulting from the injection of four tandem repeats of the ectodomain of the conserved influenza matrix protein M2 (4×M2e) genetically fused to C-terminus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70 (mHSP70c). |
| 7738 | 25307140 | Interestingly, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels were obviously increased both in the serum and hippocampus of the AIV+Pre group (with a T helper-1 like response; Th1) compared with the Pre group (with a T helper-2 like response; Th2) at G14, whereas the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, the proinflammatory factors, was significantly reduced. |
| 7739 | 25355794 | ChIL-18 markedly elevated serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers and anti-hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (anti-HN)-specific antibody levels, induced the secretion of both Th1- (IFN-γ) and Th2- (interleukin-4) type cytokines, promoted the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, and increased the populations of CD3(+) T cells and their subsets, CD3(+) CD4(+) and CD3(+) CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7740 | 25369453 | The production of eicosanoids from Arachidonic Acid (AA) can be hampered due to suppression of the enzyme phospholipase A2 by IL-4, an essential cytokine required for the differentiation of DCs. |
| 7741 | 25369453 | Thus addition of AA to the culture media is skewing the DCs towards the secretion of more IL-12 and less of IL-10 along with the restoration of eicosanoids levels in a COX-2 mediated pathway thereby enhancing the functionality of these cells to be used as a potent cellular vaccine. |
| 7742 | 25400929 | Total IgE, serum-specific inmunoglobulins (IgE and IgG4) to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and relevant cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13) were assessed. |
| 7743 | 25400929 | No significant changes were observed in concentrations of total IgE, specific IgE or cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13). |
| 7744 | 25400929 | Total IgE, serum-specific inmunoglobulins (IgE and IgG4) to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and relevant cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13) were assessed. |
| 7745 | 25400929 | No significant changes were observed in concentrations of total IgE, specific IgE or cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13). |
| 7746 | 25449852 | Circulating Th1, Th2 and Th17 effector cells were identified by intracellular staining for IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17, respectively, upon in vitro stimulation with PMA and calcium ionophore. |
| 7747 | 25461799 | CPMVs-immunized mice generated long lasting serum IgG, IgA, IgM as well as mucosal sIgA and also elicited a higher percentage of CD4+ T cell distribution in spleen. |
| 7748 | 25461799 | Our study revealed that in vitro CPMVs-activated dendritic cells were secreting T cell polarizing cytokines, IL-12p40, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-1β. |
| 7749 | 25461799 | Moreover, purified splenic CD4+ T cells of immunized mice also secreted IL-4, IL-13 and IL-17 cytokines, indicating the initiation of Th2 and Th17 cell mediated immune responses. |
| 7750 | 25461799 | CPMVs-immunized mice generated long lasting serum IgG, IgA, IgM as well as mucosal sIgA and also elicited a higher percentage of CD4+ T cell distribution in spleen. |
| 7751 | 25461799 | Our study revealed that in vitro CPMVs-activated dendritic cells were secreting T cell polarizing cytokines, IL-12p40, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-1β. |
| 7752 | 25461799 | Moreover, purified splenic CD4+ T cells of immunized mice also secreted IL-4, IL-13 and IL-17 cytokines, indicating the initiation of Th2 and Th17 cell mediated immune responses. |
| 7753 | 25466267 | In vitro, the MP-based vaccine significantly increased dendritic cell (DC) activation with up-regulated CD40 and CD80 expression and IL-12 production compared to alum-based vaccine. |
| 7754 | 25466267 | Moreover, subcutaneous and intramuscular immunizations with MP-based vaccine augmented Granzyme B, Th1-type cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ), and Th2 cytokine IL-4 secretions. |
| 7755 | 25475955 | Previously, we have reported on the induction of strong immunogenicity in dogs upon vaccination with LdCen(-/-) including an increase in immunoglobulin isotypes, higher lymphoproliferative response, higher frequencies of activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, IFN-γ production by CD8(+) T cells, increased secretion of TNF-α and IL-12/IL-23p40 and, finally, decreased secretion of IL-4. |
| 7756 | 25475955 | The protection was associated with antibody production and CD4(+) and CD8(+) proliferative responses, as well as T cell activation and significantly higher production of IFN-γ, IL-12/IL-23p40 and TNF-α, which was comparable to responses induced by immunization with Leishmune(®), with significant differences when compared to control animals (Placebo). |
| 7757 | 25493691 | IL-17A expression in HIV-specific CD8 T cells is regulated by IL-4/IL-13 following HIV-1 prime-boost immunization. |
| 7758 | 25493691 | Our previous studies have shown that vaccination of IL-4 and IL-13 gene knockout (KO) mice can induce high-avidity HIV K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells with better protective efficacy. |
| 7759 | 25493691 | In this study, when IL-13, IL-4, STAT6 KO, and wild-type BALB/c mice were prime-boost immunized with an HIV poxviral modality, elevated numbers of IL-17A(+) splenic K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were observed in all the KO mice compared with the wt BALB/c control. |
| 7760 | 25493691 | Similarly, when wt BALB/c mice were immunized with IL-13Rα2-adjuvanted HIV vaccines (that transiently inhibited IL-13 activity and induced high-avidity CD8 T cells with enhanced protective efficacy), elevated IL-17A(+) K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were detected both in the lung and the spleen. |
| 7761 | 25493691 | However, at the transcriptional level, elevated TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, and IL-17A mRNA copy numbers were mainly detected in IL-4 KO, but not the IL-13 KO mice. |
| 7762 | 25493691 | These data suggested that TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, but not IL-23a, played a role in IL-17A regulation in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 7763 | 25493691 | Collectively, our findings suggest that IL-4 and IL-13 differentially regulate the expression of IL-17A in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells at the transcriptional and translational level, respectively, implicating IL-17A as an indirect modulator of CD8 T cell avidity and protective immunity. |
| 7764 | 25493691 | IL-17A expression in HIV-specific CD8 T cells is regulated by IL-4/IL-13 following HIV-1 prime-boost immunization. |
| 7765 | 25493691 | Our previous studies have shown that vaccination of IL-4 and IL-13 gene knockout (KO) mice can induce high-avidity HIV K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells with better protective efficacy. |
| 7766 | 25493691 | In this study, when IL-13, IL-4, STAT6 KO, and wild-type BALB/c mice were prime-boost immunized with an HIV poxviral modality, elevated numbers of IL-17A(+) splenic K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were observed in all the KO mice compared with the wt BALB/c control. |
| 7767 | 25493691 | Similarly, when wt BALB/c mice were immunized with IL-13Rα2-adjuvanted HIV vaccines (that transiently inhibited IL-13 activity and induced high-avidity CD8 T cells with enhanced protective efficacy), elevated IL-17A(+) K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were detected both in the lung and the spleen. |
| 7768 | 25493691 | However, at the transcriptional level, elevated TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, and IL-17A mRNA copy numbers were mainly detected in IL-4 KO, but not the IL-13 KO mice. |
| 7769 | 25493691 | These data suggested that TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, but not IL-23a, played a role in IL-17A regulation in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 7770 | 25493691 | Collectively, our findings suggest that IL-4 and IL-13 differentially regulate the expression of IL-17A in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells at the transcriptional and translational level, respectively, implicating IL-17A as an indirect modulator of CD8 T cell avidity and protective immunity. |
| 7771 | 25493691 | IL-17A expression in HIV-specific CD8 T cells is regulated by IL-4/IL-13 following HIV-1 prime-boost immunization. |
| 7772 | 25493691 | Our previous studies have shown that vaccination of IL-4 and IL-13 gene knockout (KO) mice can induce high-avidity HIV K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells with better protective efficacy. |
| 7773 | 25493691 | In this study, when IL-13, IL-4, STAT6 KO, and wild-type BALB/c mice were prime-boost immunized with an HIV poxviral modality, elevated numbers of IL-17A(+) splenic K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were observed in all the KO mice compared with the wt BALB/c control. |
| 7774 | 25493691 | Similarly, when wt BALB/c mice were immunized with IL-13Rα2-adjuvanted HIV vaccines (that transiently inhibited IL-13 activity and induced high-avidity CD8 T cells with enhanced protective efficacy), elevated IL-17A(+) K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were detected both in the lung and the spleen. |
| 7775 | 25493691 | However, at the transcriptional level, elevated TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, and IL-17A mRNA copy numbers were mainly detected in IL-4 KO, but not the IL-13 KO mice. |
| 7776 | 25493691 | These data suggested that TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, but not IL-23a, played a role in IL-17A regulation in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 7777 | 25493691 | Collectively, our findings suggest that IL-4 and IL-13 differentially regulate the expression of IL-17A in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells at the transcriptional and translational level, respectively, implicating IL-17A as an indirect modulator of CD8 T cell avidity and protective immunity. |
| 7778 | 25493691 | IL-17A expression in HIV-specific CD8 T cells is regulated by IL-4/IL-13 following HIV-1 prime-boost immunization. |
| 7779 | 25493691 | Our previous studies have shown that vaccination of IL-4 and IL-13 gene knockout (KO) mice can induce high-avidity HIV K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells with better protective efficacy. |
| 7780 | 25493691 | In this study, when IL-13, IL-4, STAT6 KO, and wild-type BALB/c mice were prime-boost immunized with an HIV poxviral modality, elevated numbers of IL-17A(+) splenic K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were observed in all the KO mice compared with the wt BALB/c control. |
| 7781 | 25493691 | Similarly, when wt BALB/c mice were immunized with IL-13Rα2-adjuvanted HIV vaccines (that transiently inhibited IL-13 activity and induced high-avidity CD8 T cells with enhanced protective efficacy), elevated IL-17A(+) K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were detected both in the lung and the spleen. |
| 7782 | 25493691 | However, at the transcriptional level, elevated TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, and IL-17A mRNA copy numbers were mainly detected in IL-4 KO, but not the IL-13 KO mice. |
| 7783 | 25493691 | These data suggested that TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, but not IL-23a, played a role in IL-17A regulation in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 7784 | 25493691 | Collectively, our findings suggest that IL-4 and IL-13 differentially regulate the expression of IL-17A in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells at the transcriptional and translational level, respectively, implicating IL-17A as an indirect modulator of CD8 T cell avidity and protective immunity. |
| 7785 | 25493691 | IL-17A expression in HIV-specific CD8 T cells is regulated by IL-4/IL-13 following HIV-1 prime-boost immunization. |
| 7786 | 25493691 | Our previous studies have shown that vaccination of IL-4 and IL-13 gene knockout (KO) mice can induce high-avidity HIV K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells with better protective efficacy. |
| 7787 | 25493691 | In this study, when IL-13, IL-4, STAT6 KO, and wild-type BALB/c mice were prime-boost immunized with an HIV poxviral modality, elevated numbers of IL-17A(+) splenic K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were observed in all the KO mice compared with the wt BALB/c control. |
| 7788 | 25493691 | Similarly, when wt BALB/c mice were immunized with IL-13Rα2-adjuvanted HIV vaccines (that transiently inhibited IL-13 activity and induced high-avidity CD8 T cells with enhanced protective efficacy), elevated IL-17A(+) K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were detected both in the lung and the spleen. |
| 7789 | 25493691 | However, at the transcriptional level, elevated TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, and IL-17A mRNA copy numbers were mainly detected in IL-4 KO, but not the IL-13 KO mice. |
| 7790 | 25493691 | These data suggested that TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, but not IL-23a, played a role in IL-17A regulation in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 7791 | 25493691 | Collectively, our findings suggest that IL-4 and IL-13 differentially regulate the expression of IL-17A in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells at the transcriptional and translational level, respectively, implicating IL-17A as an indirect modulator of CD8 T cell avidity and protective immunity. |
| 7792 | 25500018 | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and resiquimod (R-848) are TLR agonists that are recognized by TLR4 and TLR7, respectively. |
| 7793 | 25500018 | LPS and R-848 synergistically up-regulated the transcripts of interferon-β (IFN-β), IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-1β as compared to the individual response (P<0.05). |
| 7794 | 25503988 | IL-28B, a member of the interferon (IFN)-λ family, has variable expression due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). |
| 7795 | 25503988 | While type-I IFNs are well known to modulate adaptive immunity, the impact of IL-28B on B- and T-cell vaccine responses is unclear. |
| 7796 | 25503988 | In vitro, recombinant IL-28B increased Th1-cytokines (e.g. |
| 7797 | 25503988 | IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), H1N1-stimulated B-cell proliferation (reduced 70%), and IgG-production (reduced>70%). |
| 7798 | 25503988 | Since IL-28B inhibited B-cell responses, we designed antagonistic peptides to block the IL-28 receptor α-subunit (IL28RA). |
| 7799 | 25514604 | Further PLA encapsulated antigens induced higher levels of cellular proliferation together with significant (P<0.0001) levels of cytokine response [PLA-TV induced high levels of IL-4(Th2) and IFN-γ (Th1) cytokines whereas PLA-FEP showed high levels of IL-5(Th2) and IFN-γ (Th1)] indicating a balanced response elicited by PLA antigens. |
| 7800 | 25514671 | The five most significant cytokines in decreasing order of importance were IL-7, IL-4, TNF-α, IL-13, and IL-17F. |
| 7801 | 25532779 | The antibody response towards the SC and the levels of Interferon (IFN)γ and Interleukin-4 expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed along or at the end of the study period respectively. |
| 7802 | 25536171 | B cell TLR1/2, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 interact in induction of class switch DNA recombination: modulation by BCR and CD40, and relevance to T-independent antibody responses. |
| 7803 | 25536171 | Here, we have addressed cross-regulation between two different TLRs or between a TLR and CD40 in CSR induction by using a B cell stimulation system involving lipopolysaccharides (LPS). |
| 7804 | 25536171 | Consistent with the requirement for dual TLR and BCR engagement in CSR induction, LPS, which engages TLR4 through its lipid A moiety, triggered cytosolic Ca2+ flux in B cells through its BCR-engaging polysaccharidic moiety. |
| 7805 | 25536171 | In the presence of BCR crosslinking, LPS synergized with a TLR1/2 ligand (Pam3CSK4) in CSR induction, but much less efficiently with a TLR7 (R-848) or TLR9 (CpG) ligand. |
| 7806 | 25536171 | In the absence of BCR crosslinking, R-848 and CpG, which per se induced marginal CSR, virtually abrogated CSR to IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 and/or IgA, as induced by LPS or CD154 (CD40 ligand) plus IL-4, IFN-γ or TGF-β, and reduced secretion of class-switched Igs, without affecting B cell proliferation or IgM expression. |
| 7807 | 25536171 | The CSR inhibition by TLR9 was associated with the reduction in AID expression and/or IgH germline IH-S-CH transcription, and required co-stimulation of B cells by CpG with LPS or CD154. |
| 7808 | 25536171 | Unexpectedly, B cells also failed to undergo CSR or plasma cell differentiation when co-stimulated by LPS and CD154. |
| 7809 | 25536171 | Overall, by addressing the interaction of TLR1/2, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 in the induction of CSR and modulation of TLR-dependent CSR by BCR and CD40, our study suggests the complexity of how different stimuli cross-regulate an important B cell differentiation process and an important role of TLRs in inducing effective T-independent antibody responses to microbial pathogens, allergens and vaccines. |
| 7810 | 25565478 | Compared to mice immunized with naked PsaA, levels of IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-4 in spleen lymphocytes, the systemic (IgG in serum) and mucosal (IgA in mucosal lavage) specific antibodies were enhanced significantly in mice inoculated with chitosan-PsaA. |
| 7811 | 25566261 | We report that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells induced expression of CD86, HLA-DR, and CD40 by B cells and stimulated the release of IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and IgG, IgA, and IgM. |
| 7812 | 25566261 | In contrast, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells induced expression of CD86 and HLA-DR and the release of IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α by DC and these DC stimulated proliferation and IFN-γ production by conventional T cells. |
| 7813 | 25574771 | In the present study, the kinetics of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ expression was determined in bovine PBMCs by real-time PCR and in whole blood by cytokine-release assay after in vitro stimulation with recall foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen. |
| 7814 | 25574771 | The results showed that the cytokine mRNA of IL-2 and IFN-γ in PBMCs were induced early (peak induction at 6 h), whereas the IL-4 mRNA showed delayed induction (peaked at 24 h). |
| 7815 | 25574771 | The peak accumulation of cytokine protein in whole blood was recorded at 72 h for IL-2 and IL-4, and 96 h for IFN-γ. |
| 7816 | 25574771 | In the present study, the kinetics of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ expression was determined in bovine PBMCs by real-time PCR and in whole blood by cytokine-release assay after in vitro stimulation with recall foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen. |
| 7817 | 25574771 | The results showed that the cytokine mRNA of IL-2 and IFN-γ in PBMCs were induced early (peak induction at 6 h), whereas the IL-4 mRNA showed delayed induction (peaked at 24 h). |
| 7818 | 25574771 | The peak accumulation of cytokine protein in whole blood was recorded at 72 h for IL-2 and IL-4, and 96 h for IFN-γ. |
| 7819 | 25574771 | In the present study, the kinetics of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ expression was determined in bovine PBMCs by real-time PCR and in whole blood by cytokine-release assay after in vitro stimulation with recall foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen. |
| 7820 | 25574771 | The results showed that the cytokine mRNA of IL-2 and IFN-γ in PBMCs were induced early (peak induction at 6 h), whereas the IL-4 mRNA showed delayed induction (peaked at 24 h). |
| 7821 | 25574771 | The peak accumulation of cytokine protein in whole blood was recorded at 72 h for IL-2 and IL-4, and 96 h for IFN-γ. |
| 7822 | 25603531 | In comparison with the nanoparticle coated empty vector, it produced significantly increased antigen-specific humoral response, T-helper 1 polarized cytokine environment, higher proportion of IFN-γ producing CD4(+) T-cells and the concomitant decrease in IL-4 producing CD4(+) T-cells. |
| 7823 | 25610730 | Injection of either fluorescently-labelled ACRs or blebs alone did not affect the number or distribution of migrated DC subsets from skin biopsies after 48 hours, but resulted in a general up-regulation of the co-stimulatory molecules CD83 and CD86 on skin DCs that had ingested apoptotic material. |
| 7824 | 25610730 | We have previously shown that i.d. administration of GM-CSF and IL-4 resulted in preferential migration of a mature and highly T cell-stimulatory CD11hiCD1a+CD14- dermal DC subset. |
| 7825 | 25610730 | Here, we found that co-injection of GM-CSF and IL-4 together with either ACRs or blebs resulted in uptake efficiencies within this dermal DC subset of 7.6% (±6.1%) and 19.1% (±15.9%), respectively, thus revealing a significantly higher uptake frequency of blebs (P < 0.02). |
| 7826 | 25610730 | Nevertheless, in contrast to i.d. administration of ACR, the injection of blebs lead to effective cross-presentation of MART-1 to specific CD8+ effector T cells. |
| 7827 | 25610730 | Injection of either fluorescently-labelled ACRs or blebs alone did not affect the number or distribution of migrated DC subsets from skin biopsies after 48 hours, but resulted in a general up-regulation of the co-stimulatory molecules CD83 and CD86 on skin DCs that had ingested apoptotic material. |
| 7828 | 25610730 | We have previously shown that i.d. administration of GM-CSF and IL-4 resulted in preferential migration of a mature and highly T cell-stimulatory CD11hiCD1a+CD14- dermal DC subset. |
| 7829 | 25610730 | Here, we found that co-injection of GM-CSF and IL-4 together with either ACRs or blebs resulted in uptake efficiencies within this dermal DC subset of 7.6% (±6.1%) and 19.1% (±15.9%), respectively, thus revealing a significantly higher uptake frequency of blebs (P < 0.02). |
| 7830 | 25610730 | Nevertheless, in contrast to i.d. administration of ACR, the injection of blebs lead to effective cross-presentation of MART-1 to specific CD8+ effector T cells. |
| 7831 | 25615236 | The BM-AuNPs also induce an elevated production of interferon gamma (INFγ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), but not interleukin-4 (IL-4), indicating its capability of generating strong Th1 and Th17 biased cell responses against the source bacteria. |
| 7832 | 25632844 | The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) previously approved the therapeutic vaccine, sipuleucel-T, which is composed of autologous antigen-presenting cells cultured with a fusion protein [prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF)]. |
| 7833 | 25632844 | Using a super gene expression (SGE) system that we previously established to amplify the production of a recombinant protein, significant amounts of PAP-fused cytokines [human GMCSF, interleukin-2 (IL2), IL4, IL7 and mouse GMCSF and IL4] were obtained. |
| 7834 | 25632844 | We also investigated the in vivo therapeutic effects of multiple PAP-fused cytokines in a mouse prostate cancer model bearing prostate-specific antigen (PSA)- and PAP-expressing tumors. |
| 7835 | 25632844 | The simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of PAP-GMCSF, -IL2, -IL4 and -IL7 significantly prevented tumor induction and inhibited the tumor growth in the PAP-expressing tumors, yet not in the PSA-expressing tumors. |
| 7836 | 25632844 | The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) previously approved the therapeutic vaccine, sipuleucel-T, which is composed of autologous antigen-presenting cells cultured with a fusion protein [prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF)]. |
| 7837 | 25632844 | Using a super gene expression (SGE) system that we previously established to amplify the production of a recombinant protein, significant amounts of PAP-fused cytokines [human GMCSF, interleukin-2 (IL2), IL4, IL7 and mouse GMCSF and IL4] were obtained. |
| 7838 | 25632844 | We also investigated the in vivo therapeutic effects of multiple PAP-fused cytokines in a mouse prostate cancer model bearing prostate-specific antigen (PSA)- and PAP-expressing tumors. |
| 7839 | 25632844 | The simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of PAP-GMCSF, -IL2, -IL4 and -IL7 significantly prevented tumor induction and inhibited the tumor growth in the PAP-expressing tumors, yet not in the PSA-expressing tumors. |
| 7840 | 25648285 | Also, significant cytokine production of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 was detected in mice immunized with pTgGST, but not TGF-β1. |
| 7841 | 25648285 | CD8(+) T cells subsets and MHC-I molecules showed significant increase in contrast to CD4(+) subsets. |
| 7842 | 25667413 | Filarial infection modulates the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis through expansion of CD4+ IL-4 memory T cells. |
| 7843 | 25667413 | Our data demonstrated that the Inf group had a marked increase in BmA-specific CD4(+)IL-4(+) cells (median net frequency compared with baseline [Fo] = 0.09% versus 0.01%; p = 0.038) but also to CFP-10 (Fo = 0.16% versus 0.007%; p = 0.04) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (Fo = 0.49% versus 0.26%; p = 0.04). |
| 7844 | 25667413 | The Inf subjects showed a BmA-specific expansion of CD4(+)CD45RO(+)IL-4(+) producing central memory (TCM, CD45RO(+)CCR7(+)CD27(+); Fo = 1.1% versus 0.5%; p = 0.04) as well as effector memory (TEM, CD45RO(+)CCR7(-)CD27(-); Fo = 1.5% versus 0.2%; p = 0.03) with a similar but nonsignificant response to CFP-10. |
| 7845 | 25667413 | In addition, there was expansion of CD4(+)IL-4(+)CD45RA(+)CCR7(+)CD27(+) (naive-like) in Inf individuals compared with Uninf subjects. |
| 7846 | 25667413 | Filarial infection modulates the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis through expansion of CD4+ IL-4 memory T cells. |
| 7847 | 25667413 | Our data demonstrated that the Inf group had a marked increase in BmA-specific CD4(+)IL-4(+) cells (median net frequency compared with baseline [Fo] = 0.09% versus 0.01%; p = 0.038) but also to CFP-10 (Fo = 0.16% versus 0.007%; p = 0.04) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (Fo = 0.49% versus 0.26%; p = 0.04). |
| 7848 | 25667413 | The Inf subjects showed a BmA-specific expansion of CD4(+)CD45RO(+)IL-4(+) producing central memory (TCM, CD45RO(+)CCR7(+)CD27(+); Fo = 1.1% versus 0.5%; p = 0.04) as well as effector memory (TEM, CD45RO(+)CCR7(-)CD27(-); Fo = 1.5% versus 0.2%; p = 0.03) with a similar but nonsignificant response to CFP-10. |
| 7849 | 25667413 | In addition, there was expansion of CD4(+)IL-4(+)CD45RA(+)CCR7(+)CD27(+) (naive-like) in Inf individuals compared with Uninf subjects. |
| 7850 | 25667413 | Filarial infection modulates the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis through expansion of CD4+ IL-4 memory T cells. |
| 7851 | 25667413 | Our data demonstrated that the Inf group had a marked increase in BmA-specific CD4(+)IL-4(+) cells (median net frequency compared with baseline [Fo] = 0.09% versus 0.01%; p = 0.038) but also to CFP-10 (Fo = 0.16% versus 0.007%; p = 0.04) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (Fo = 0.49% versus 0.26%; p = 0.04). |
| 7852 | 25667413 | The Inf subjects showed a BmA-specific expansion of CD4(+)CD45RO(+)IL-4(+) producing central memory (TCM, CD45RO(+)CCR7(+)CD27(+); Fo = 1.1% versus 0.5%; p = 0.04) as well as effector memory (TEM, CD45RO(+)CCR7(-)CD27(-); Fo = 1.5% versus 0.2%; p = 0.03) with a similar but nonsignificant response to CFP-10. |
| 7853 | 25667413 | In addition, there was expansion of CD4(+)IL-4(+)CD45RA(+)CCR7(+)CD27(+) (naive-like) in Inf individuals compared with Uninf subjects. |
| 7854 | 25667413 | Filarial infection modulates the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis through expansion of CD4+ IL-4 memory T cells. |
| 7855 | 25667413 | Our data demonstrated that the Inf group had a marked increase in BmA-specific CD4(+)IL-4(+) cells (median net frequency compared with baseline [Fo] = 0.09% versus 0.01%; p = 0.038) but also to CFP-10 (Fo = 0.16% versus 0.007%; p = 0.04) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (Fo = 0.49% versus 0.26%; p = 0.04). |
| 7856 | 25667413 | The Inf subjects showed a BmA-specific expansion of CD4(+)CD45RO(+)IL-4(+) producing central memory (TCM, CD45RO(+)CCR7(+)CD27(+); Fo = 1.1% versus 0.5%; p = 0.04) as well as effector memory (TEM, CD45RO(+)CCR7(-)CD27(-); Fo = 1.5% versus 0.2%; p = 0.03) with a similar but nonsignificant response to CFP-10. |
| 7857 | 25667413 | In addition, there was expansion of CD4(+)IL-4(+)CD45RA(+)CCR7(+)CD27(+) (naive-like) in Inf individuals compared with Uninf subjects. |
| 7858 | 25670913 | Here, we summarize significant new preclinical and early clinical developments in treatment of MPM, which include mesothelin specific antibody and toxin therapies, interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor toxins, dendritic cell vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and gene-based therapies. |
| 7859 | 25698486 | We found that delivery of rPmp18D with VCG was more effective than with CpG+FL in up-regulating the expression of molecules critically involved in T cell activation and differentiation, including MHC II, CD40, CD80, and CD86, activation of TLRs and NLRP3 inflammasome engagement, and secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α but not IL-10 and IL-4. rVCG-Pmp18D-immunized mice elicited more robust antigen-specific IFN-γ, IgA and IgG2c antibody responses compared to CpG+FL-delivered rPmp18D. |
| 7860 | 25699040 | This specialized T helper subset provides help to cognate B cells via their expression of CD40 ligand, IL-21, IL-4, and other molecules. |
| 7861 | 25699040 | Tfh cells are characterized by their expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR5, expression of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6, and their capacity to migrate to the follicle and promote germinal center B cell responses. |
| 7862 | 25704666 | Samples were analyzed for concentrations of acute phase reactants (haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and iron), mRNA expression levels of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ) in leukocytes, and vaccine-specific antibody titers. |
| 7863 | 25704666 | Statistical differences were observed between groups for haptoglobin, fibrinogen, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10, but differences were generally small and none of the vaccine titers were different between the groups. |
| 7864 | 25704666 | Samples were analyzed for concentrations of acute phase reactants (haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and iron), mRNA expression levels of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ) in leukocytes, and vaccine-specific antibody titers. |
| 7865 | 25704666 | Statistical differences were observed between groups for haptoglobin, fibrinogen, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10, but differences were generally small and none of the vaccine titers were different between the groups. |
| 7866 | 25704800 | A significant increase was observed in the cytokine levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ in the culture supernatants of splenocytes. |
| 7867 | 25712216 | Additionally, following immunization with SEA (but not with an Ag that induced type 1 immunity), IL-4 and IL-21 were coproduced by individual Tfh cells, revealing a potential mechanism through which appropriate class-switching can be coupled to plasmablast proliferation to enforce type 2 immunity. |
| 7868 | 25717328 | Generation of Human B-Cell Lines Dependent on CD40-Ligation and Interleukin-4. |
| 7869 | 25733024 | Cytokine profiling also showed a significant increase in the Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, 10) responses in splenocytes of immunized mice upon stimulation with the rTsNd. |
| 7870 | 25737202 | Moreover, Th1 (TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokines were expressed by both groups, yet only the intranasal group expressed the Th17 marker IL-17. |
| 7871 | 25763999 | Here, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with anti-CII IgG antibodies, quantified the expression levels of Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokines, and performed flow cytometric analyses of different T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Tc, Ts, Treg, and CD4(+)CD29(+)T cells to systemically evaluate humoral and cellular immune responses to pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine in normal rats. |
| 7872 | 25763999 | Furthermore, no significant changes were observed in the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12(IL-23p40), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, regulated on activation in normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in vaccinated normal rats relative to that in controls(P > 0.05). |
| 7873 | 25763999 | However, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels were significantly increased on days 10 and 14, while interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were significantly decreased on days 28 and 35 after vaccination(P < 0.05). |
| 7874 | 25763999 | Similarly, there were no significant differences in the percentages of Tc, Ts, Th1/Th2, and Th17 cells between the 2 groups(P > 0.05), with the exception of Treg cells, which were significantly reduced on days 14 and 21 after vaccination (P < 0.05), and CD4(+)CD29(+)T cells, which were significantly increased on days 7 and 14 after vaccination(P < 0.05).Taken together, these results suggested that pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine did not markedly affect the balance of immune system components in vaccinated normal rats, indicating that this DNA vaccine may have clinical applications in the treatment of RA. |
| 7875 | 25768031 | To develop a more effective and safe vaccine against rabies, we have constructed a chimeric rabies virus-like particle (VLP), which containing glycoprotein (G) and matrix protein (M) of rabies virus (RABV) Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth (ERA) strain, and membrane-anchored granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and it was named of EVLP-G. |
| 7876 | 25768031 | The EVLP-G also elicited significantly more IFN-γ- or IL-4-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than the sRVLP. |
| 7877 | 25775390 | Furthermore, sRCPS increased the levels of IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-γ in CD4(+)T cells and the level of IFN-γ in CD8(+)T cells. |
| 7878 | 25775390 | In addition, sRCPS enhanced the expression of CD40(+), CD80(+), CD86(+), MHC I and MHC II in dendritic cells (DCs) and upregulated the mRNA levels of MHC I, MHC II. sRCPS downregulated the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells. sRCPS increased both cellular and humoral immune responses by upregulating DC maturation, and suppressing the frequency of Treg cells. |
| 7879 | 25784906 | Mouse studies demonstrated that both EVLP-F and EVLP-L induced faster and larger virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs) responses and elicited greater numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells secreting IFN-γ or IL-4 compared with a standard rabies VLP (sRVLP) containing only G and M. |
| 7880 | 25796990 | And the recombinant virus induced the production of HIV-1 p24 specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IL-2 and IL-4. |
| 7881 | 25799221 | We observed a significant intracellular production of IL-4, but not IFN-γ, by CD4+ T-cells in spleen of mice following immunisation with Flg-2M2eh2M2ek. |
| 7882 | 25816012 | Concerted activity of IgG1 antibodies and IL-4/IL-25-dependent effector cells trap helminth larvae in the tissues following vaccination with defined secreted antigens, providing sterile immunity to challenge infection. |
| 7883 | 25817256 | 4Aβ1-15-Derived Monoclonal Antibody Reduces More Aβ Burdens and Neuroinflammation than Homologous Vaccine in APP/PS1 Mice. |
| 7884 | 25817256 | The objective of our study was to observe the effects of 5C8H5, a novel monoclonal antibody derived from 4Aβ1-15, on brain Aβ pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. |
| 7885 | 25817256 | The levels of proinflammatory factors, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ, were significantly decreased in the CNS, while the level of antiinflammatory IL-4 was increased. |
| 7886 | 25845753 | Two of the tested six fractions (namely F2 and F4) were characterized as polysaccharide-rich fractions, and were able to induce high levels of IFN-γ, and low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in the spleen cells. |
| 7887 | 25845753 | The associations between LiHyp1/F2 and LiHyp1/F4 were able to induce an in vivo Th1 response, which was primed by high levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, and GM-CSF, by low levels of IL-4 and IL-10; as well as by a predominance of IgG2a antibodies in the vaccinated animals. |
| 7888 | 25845753 | Two of the tested six fractions (namely F2 and F4) were characterized as polysaccharide-rich fractions, and were able to induce high levels of IFN-γ, and low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in the spleen cells. |
| 7889 | 25845753 | The associations between LiHyp1/F2 and LiHyp1/F4 were able to induce an in vivo Th1 response, which was primed by high levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, and GM-CSF, by low levels of IL-4 and IL-10; as well as by a predominance of IgG2a antibodies in the vaccinated animals. |
| 7890 | 25847793 | We aimed to compare their efficacy in treatment of multiple warts and investigate their effect on serum interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-12. |
| 7891 | 25847793 | After treatment, the control group showed the lowest serum IL-12 and IL-4 levels compared with the MMR- and PPD-treated groups with statistically significant difference in between. |
| 7892 | 25847793 | We aimed to compare their efficacy in treatment of multiple warts and investigate their effect on serum interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-12. |
| 7893 | 25847793 | After treatment, the control group showed the lowest serum IL-12 and IL-4 levels compared with the MMR- and PPD-treated groups with statistically significant difference in between. |
| 7894 | 25855976 | Activation of VLP-specific CD4+ and CD8+/IFN-γ T cells associated with Th1/Th2-balanced IFN-ɣ, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-13 was induced; in contrast, FI-EV71 induced only Th2-mediated neutralizing antibody against EV71 and low VLP-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 7895 | 25855976 | Although antisera had no neutralizing activity against CVA16, the 3C-specific CD4+ and CD8+/IFN-γ T cells were identified, which could mediate protection against CVA16 challenge. |
| 7896 | 25919308 | This modified method enhanced staining of IL-2 and IL-4, but not IFNγ, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), or IL-5. |
| 7897 | 25932130 | The results were verified by measuring the contents of IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and IFN-γ changed in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and supernatant of splenocyte culture as well as level changes of specific IgE and IgG2a in the serum. |
| 7898 | 25932130 | In addition, we observed lower serum contents of the specific IgE antibody and lower levels of IL-4, IL-17 in BALF and splenic cells in mice undergone SIT, whereas specific IgG2a, IFN-γ and IL-10 in BALF and supernatant of splenocyte culture were higher as compared to the asthma group. |
| 7899 | 25932130 | The results were verified by measuring the contents of IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and IFN-γ changed in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and supernatant of splenocyte culture as well as level changes of specific IgE and IgG2a in the serum. |
| 7900 | 25932130 | In addition, we observed lower serum contents of the specific IgE antibody and lower levels of IL-4, IL-17 in BALF and splenic cells in mice undergone SIT, whereas specific IgG2a, IFN-γ and IL-10 in BALF and supernatant of splenocyte culture were higher as compared to the asthma group. |
| 7901 | 25934108 | Moreover, CVPS increased the expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in CD4(+) T cells and IFN-γ expression in CD8(+) T cells. |
| 7902 | 25934108 | Additionally, CVPS enhanced CD40(+), CD80(+), and CD86(+) expression on DCs. |
| 7903 | 25934108 | In contrast, CVPS downregulated TGF-β mRNA expression and the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells. |
| 7904 | 25934108 | Taken together, these results indicate that administering CVPS as an adjuvant enhances both cellular and humoral immune responses via the TLR-2 and TLR-4 signalling pathways, thereby promoting DC maturation and suppressing TGF-β expression and Treg frequency. |
| 7905 | 25936981 | Immunization of BALB/c mice showed high levels of TNFα, IFNγ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-4 in splenocyte supernatant culture and also high levels of serum specific anti-rFh15 IgG, IgG1, IgG2a IgE and IgM antibodies suggesting a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. |
| 7906 | 25939375 | In lymphocyte proliferation assay, splenocytes from IP and SC-vaccinated mice displayed a strong recall proliferative response with high amounts of IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-γ production. |
| 7907 | 25942359 | A novel recombinant BCG-expressing pro-apoptotic protein BAX enhances Th1 protective immune responses in mice. |
| 7908 | 25942359 | In addition, it significantly enhanced Ag85B-specific IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot responses, IFN-γ secretion, IL-2 secretion and the ratio of Ag85B-specific IgG2b/IgG1, and it significantly decreased Ag85B-specific IL-4. |
| 7909 | 25942359 | In conclusion, these results suggest that the rBCG::BAX strain elicited predominantly a Th1 protective immune responses and might be a potential tuberculosis vaccine candidate for further study. |
| 7910 | 25942636 | We observed higher production of Th1 cytokines, such as TNF-α and IFN-γ, in vaccinated mice and no significant production of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 7911 | 25951230 | In a head-to-head comparison with "IL-4 DCs" used routinely for clinical studies, IL-15 DCs were found to induce a more activated, cytotoxic effector phenotype in NK cells, in particular in the CD56bright NK cell subset. |
| 7912 | 25951230 | With the exception of GM-CSF, no significant enhancement of cytokine/chemokine secretion was observed following co-culture of NK cells with IL-15 DCs. |
| 7913 | 25951230 | IL-15 DCs, but not IL-4 DCs, promoted NK cell tumoricidal activity towards both NK-sensitive and NK-resistant targets. |
| 7914 | 25951230 | The observed lack of membrane-bound IL-15 on "gold-standard" IL-4 DCs and their consequent inability to effectively promote NK cell cytotoxicity may have important implications for the future design of DC-based cancer vaccine studies. |
| 7915 | 25951230 | In a head-to-head comparison with "IL-4 DCs" used routinely for clinical studies, IL-15 DCs were found to induce a more activated, cytotoxic effector phenotype in NK cells, in particular in the CD56bright NK cell subset. |
| 7916 | 25951230 | With the exception of GM-CSF, no significant enhancement of cytokine/chemokine secretion was observed following co-culture of NK cells with IL-15 DCs. |
| 7917 | 25951230 | IL-15 DCs, but not IL-4 DCs, promoted NK cell tumoricidal activity towards both NK-sensitive and NK-resistant targets. |
| 7918 | 25951230 | The observed lack of membrane-bound IL-15 on "gold-standard" IL-4 DCs and their consequent inability to effectively promote NK cell cytotoxicity may have important implications for the future design of DC-based cancer vaccine studies. |
| 7919 | 25951230 | In a head-to-head comparison with "IL-4 DCs" used routinely for clinical studies, IL-15 DCs were found to induce a more activated, cytotoxic effector phenotype in NK cells, in particular in the CD56bright NK cell subset. |
| 7920 | 25951230 | With the exception of GM-CSF, no significant enhancement of cytokine/chemokine secretion was observed following co-culture of NK cells with IL-15 DCs. |
| 7921 | 25951230 | IL-15 DCs, but not IL-4 DCs, promoted NK cell tumoricidal activity towards both NK-sensitive and NK-resistant targets. |
| 7922 | 25951230 | The observed lack of membrane-bound IL-15 on "gold-standard" IL-4 DCs and their consequent inability to effectively promote NK cell cytotoxicity may have important implications for the future design of DC-based cancer vaccine studies. |
| 7923 | 25954597 | Thus, we engineered a collection of lentivectors that simultaneously co-expressed an antigen, a PD-L1-silencing shRNA, and various T cell-polarising cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) or interleukins (IL12, IL15, IL23, IL17A, IL6, IL10, IL4). |
| 7924 | 25954597 | In a syngeneic B16F0 melanoma model and using tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) as a vaccine antigen, we found that simultaneous delivery of IL12 and a PD-L1-silencing shRNA was the only combination that exhibited therapeutically relevant anti-melanoma activities. |
| 7925 | 25959574 | After challenge with E. tarda, live cell (LC)-vaccinated fish showed high survival rates, high IFN-g and T-bet gene expression levels, and increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). |
| 7926 | 25959574 | In addition, FKC vaccination induced high IL-4/13A and IL-10 expression levels and increased antibody titers, whereas Th1-like responses were suppressed. |
| 7927 | 25965393 | Monocytes were directly induced to self-differentiate into DCs (SmartDC-TRP2) upon transduction with a tricistronic LV encoding for cytokines (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)) and a melanoma antigen (tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2)). |
| 7928 | 26022514 | In mice, BSG demonstrated a similar capacity of inducing pathogen-specific serum IgG antibody response, spleen CD3(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses, induce secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-4, and protection levels against Brucella melitensis 16M challenge, as the attenuated B. suis live vaccine. |
| 7929 | 26034171 | Besides promoting Th2 programs, IL-4 is captured by the IL-4 heteroreceptor (IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1) expressed on dendritic cells and instigates IL-12 downregulation. |
| 7930 | 26040192 | Mice only immunized with pVAX1-SOD presented increased frequencies of CD4(+) IFN-γ(+), CD8(+)IFN-γ(+) and CD8(+)IL-4(+) lymphocytes; moreover, high levels of IgG2a were detected. |
| 7931 | 26040192 | After challenge, mice that were immunized with pVAX1-SOD had increased frequencies of the CD4(+)IL-4(+), CD8(+)IFN-γ(+) and CD8(+)IL-4(+) T lymphocytes. |
| 7932 | 26040192 | Mice only immunized with pVAX1-SOD presented increased frequencies of CD4(+) IFN-γ(+), CD8(+)IFN-γ(+) and CD8(+)IL-4(+) lymphocytes; moreover, high levels of IgG2a were detected. |
| 7933 | 26040192 | After challenge, mice that were immunized with pVAX1-SOD had increased frequencies of the CD4(+)IL-4(+), CD8(+)IFN-γ(+) and CD8(+)IL-4(+) T lymphocytes. |
| 7934 | 26041038 | The supernatant was then assayed for gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A. |
| 7935 | 26041038 | In addition, IL-6 concentrations were higher while IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations were significantly lower in those with nonmeningeal disseminated disease diagnosed within 12 months than in those with acute pneumonia (for all, P < 0.05). |
| 7936 | 26053794 | Upon analysis of spleen cells, both, vaccination and treatment with rEmP29, resulted in low ratios of Th2/Th1 (IL-4/IFN-γ) cytokine mRNA and low levels of mRNA coding for IL-10 and IL-2. |
| 7937 | 26072304 | Serum from chickens immunized with pVAX1-MIC2 and rEmMIC2 protein displayed significantly high levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β and IL-4 (P<0.05) compared to those of negative controls. |
| 7938 | 26072430 | Furthermore, DA39 showed higher expression of Ifng and Il12 mRNA at week 8 post-infection while the ratio of its Ifng/Il4 mRNA expressions was higher than other strains. |
| 7939 | 26099574 | Both clones showed a specific production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) after in vitro spleen cells stimulation, and they were able to induce a partial protection against infection. |
| 7940 | 26099574 | Protection was associated with an IL-12-dependent production of IFN-γ, mediated mainly by CD8(+) T cells, against parasite proteins. |
| 7941 | 26099574 | Protected mice also presented low levels of IL-4 and IL-10, as well as increased levels of parasite-specific IgG2a antibodies. |
| 7942 | 26104380 | To date, recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) combined with interleukin-4 (rhIL-4) has been a classic culture combination to DCs. |
| 7943 | 26104380 | What's more, we conclude that IFN-λ1 combined with GM-CSF and IL-4 can induce DCs maturation, which could become a possibility to be applied to the autologus dendritic cell vaccine to treat chronic hepatitis B. |
| 7944 | 26104380 | To date, recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) combined with interleukin-4 (rhIL-4) has been a classic culture combination to DCs. |
| 7945 | 26104380 | What's more, we conclude that IFN-λ1 combined with GM-CSF and IL-4 can induce DCs maturation, which could become a possibility to be applied to the autologus dendritic cell vaccine to treat chronic hepatitis B. |
| 7946 | 26115373 | In general, an inverse correlation was observed between IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, KC, MIP-2 and LIX mRNA expression and H. suis colonization density, whereas lower IL-10 expression levels were observed in partially protected animals. |
| 7947 | 26148331 | We observed that at d 3-4 post vaccination, 6 genes were down-regulated, namely APC, CD3G, FASLG, IL7, CD8A and TLR1. |
| 7948 | 26148331 | Meanwhile at 6-7 days post vaccination, 9 genes were significantly up-regulated, including RIPK2, TGFB1, MICB, SOCS1, IL2RA, MS4A1, PTPRC, IL2 and IL8. |
| 7949 | 26148331 | By days 12-15 the genes RIPK2, IL4, IL12B and TLR2 were overexpressed. |
| 7950 | 26150163 | A novel cytokine, GIFT4, engineered by fusing GM-CSF and interleukin-4, was previously found to simulate B cell proliferation and effector function. |
| 7951 | 26150163 | Thus, the novel GPI-GIFT4-containging VLPs have the potential to be developed into a prophylactic HIV vaccine. |
| 7952 | 26181095 | Serum from chickens immunized with pVAX1-MIC7 and rEmMIC7 displayed significantly high levels of interleukin-2, interferon-γ, IL-10, IL-17, tumour growth factor-β and IL-4 (P < .05) compared to those of negative controls. |
| 7953 | 26185907 | With respect to immunomodulation, immature DCs incubated with wild type or L. plantarum-NY-ESO-1 upregulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and secreted a large amount of interleukin (IL)-12, TNF-α, but not IL-4. |
| 7954 | 26185907 | Moreover, they upregulated the expression of immunosuppressive factors such as IL-10 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. |
| 7955 | 26188265 | Furthermore, the highest levels of lymphocyte proliferation response, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-γ production were induced following priming with the DNA vaccine and boosting with the rgD protein. |
| 7956 | 26192354 | LTT stimulation index (P ≤ 0.01) as well as CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in flow cytometry (P<0.05) were significantly high and maximum in group D. |
| 7957 | 26192354 | Resiquimod significantly up-regulated the expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, iNOS and MHC-II genes (P<0.01). |
| 7958 | 26196232 | In comparison with naïve and live RSV re-infected mice, the high levels of eosinophils, neutrophils, plasmacytoid and CD11b(+) dendritic cells, and IL-4(+) CD4(+) T cells were found to be contributing to pulmonary inflammation in FI-RSV immune mice despite lung viral clearance. |
| 7959 | 26227587 | The splenic lymphocyte proliferation and the levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 of the inoculated mice were significantly increased, and the T- and B-cell populations were also elevated. |
| 7960 | 26232344 | Pups immunized with Advax had significantly higher splenocyte influenza-stimulated IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 production by CBA and a 3-10 fold higher frequency of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 or IL-17 secreting T cells by ELISPOT. |
| 7961 | 26263201 | Sperm surface protein (Sp17) is a protein aberrantly expressed in primary as well as in metastatic lesions in >83% of ovarian cancer patients. |
| 7962 | 26263201 | However, one of the 6 peptides, hSp17111-142, induced high levels of antibodies and IFN-γ producing T cells (but not IL-17 or IL-4) both in C57BL/6 and in C57BL/6-HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice. |
| 7963 | 26266750 | Furthermore, vaccination generated high antibody titers of 1:12,800 against serotypes 1, 2, and 10 strains and enhanced production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-4 in ducks. |
| 7964 | 26268065 | Levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum were higher in the immunized mice compared to those in the adjuvant control group. |
| 7965 | 26277277 | The ratio of IgG1/IgG2c and profile of IL-4/IFN-γ in OMV (PagL)+Bap (1-487aa) formulation shows the humoral and cellular immune responses have been induced robustly and have created a full protection against A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and MDR AB-44 strains. |
| 7966 | 26294082 | Levels of serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-4 (IL-4) as well as parasite-specific IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 antibody responses were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 7967 | 26312747 | These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 7968 | 26318856 | The PE25/PPE41 protein complex induced maturation of isolated mouse DCs in vitro, increasing expression of cell surface markers (CD80, CD86 and MHC-II), thereby promoting Th2 polarization via secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 7969 | 26318856 | In addition, PE25/PPE41 protein complex-activated DCs induced proliferation of mouse CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and a strong humoral response in immunized mice. |
| 7970 | 26332129 | OM instruct DCs to stimulate Th1 responses via IL-12p70 production, which depends on the phosphorylation of p38, RM barely induce IL-12p70, but IL-10 and IL-4, and magnitude of ERK phosphorylation, which results in a Th2 bias. |
| 7971 | 26373723 | Both multistage vaccines induced very strong IL-12 and IFN-γ secretion from splenic cells; the Fc-tagged subunit vaccine induced a more effective Th1 immune response (IFN-γ, 910 pg/mL, and IL-12, 854 pg/mL) with a very low increase in IL-17 (∼0.1 pg/mL) and IL-4 (37 pg/mL) and a mild increase in TGF-β (543 pg/mL) compared to the BCG or ESAT6:HspX:His primed and boosted groups. |
| 7972 | 26376930 | Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), gamma interferon, interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-10, and IL-4 was measured in CD4(+) effector memory (EM) T cells after 24 h by flow cytometry. |
| 7973 | 26376930 | We found the number of IL-17A-producing CD4(+) EM T cells, as well as that of cells simultaneously producing both IL-17A and TNF-α, to be significantly elevated in the Giardia-exposed individuals after 24 h of antigen stimulation. |
| 7974 | 26376930 | We conclude that symptomatic Giardia infection in humans induces a CD4(+) EM T cell response of which IL-17A production seems to be an important component. |
| 7975 | 26382600 | Immunized ducks triggered Omp-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA responses and raised IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in the serum coupled with IL-4 suppression. |
| 7976 | 26388420 | Subsequent to vaccination, the percentage of natural killer cells and T cells (CD3(+) CD4(+) CD8(-) and CD3(+) CD4(-) CD8(+) T cells) were significantly increased in the non-selected line but remained unchanged in the immunity-selected Large White line. |
| 7977 | 26388420 | Expression of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6 messenger RNA in hilar lymph nodes was significantly lower in the immunity-selected Large White line than in the non-selected line. |
| 7978 | 26398499 | The synthesized bis-heterocycles (8a-l) were subjected to in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assays followed by in vivo studies of the more active compounds (8g and 8h) to assess their influence on various aspects of the immune system like ex vivo splenocyte proliferation (T- and B-cell proliferation), antibody production (HA titer), delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, T-cell subtypes (CD4 and CD8), cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4), NO (macrophage) production, and toxic effects. |
| 7979 | 26404189 | In addition, interleukin 4 (IL-4) levels in restimulated splenocytes were significantly less, while interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels, as well as Foxp3 expression, were significantly greater than in the control groups. |
| 7980 | 26421596 | Analysis of cytokine profiles revealed significant increases of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17, while no significant changes were detected in TGF-β1. |
| 7981 | 26421596 | Additionally, we found that pVAX-ESA10 enhanced the activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and the expression of MHC-I and MHC-II molecules in spleen in mice. |
| 7982 | 26424604 | Multicolor flow cytometry was used to evaluate expression of CD4, CD25, and intracellular Foxp3 on PBMCs. |
| 7983 | 26424604 | Cell culture supernatants from BSA re-stimulated lymphocytes were evaluated for concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ. |
| 7984 | 26450924 | Additionally, the vaccine redirected Th2 (T-helper cell type 2) responses toward Th1 (T-helper cell type 1) responses with increases in IL-2, IFN-γ expression and decreases in IL-4 and IL-5 expression after immunization with tumour-Gal with CpG1826. |
| 7985 | 26451149 | The truncated ORF2 protein was able to induce IFN-γ ELISPOT and cell proliferation responses and to produce significant amounts of IFN-γ and IL-12 cytokines, but low amounts of IL-10 and IL-4 cytokines in vitro. |
| 7986 | 26457798 | Protected mice showed anti-Leishmania IgG2a antibodies and a predominant IL-12-driven IFN-γ production (mainly produced by CD4(+) T cells) against parasite proteins, whereas unprotected controls showed anti-Leishmania IgG1 antibodies and parasite-mediated IL-4 and IL-10 responses. |
| 7987 | 26457798 | Vaccinated mice showed an anti-LiHyD IgG2a humoral response, and their spleen cells were able to secrete LiHyD-specific IFN-γ, IL-12 and GM-CSF cytokines before and after infection. |
| 7988 | 26463212 | Aging affects the responsiveness of rat peritoneal macrophages to GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 7989 | 26463212 | Therefore, resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from young (3-month-old) and aged (18-19-month-old) rats were tested for phagocytic capacity and ability to secrete inflammatory mediators following in vitro stimulation with LPS and GM-CSF, and IL-4, prototypic stimulators for classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, respectively. |
| 7990 | 26463212 | Aging increased the frequency of monocyte-derived (CCR7+ CD68+) and the most mature (CD163+ CD68+) macrophages within resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, respectively. |
| 7991 | 26463212 | The ability to phagocyte zymosan of none of these two cell subsets was affected by either LPS and GM-CSF or IL-4. |
| 7992 | 26463212 | The upregulated production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 and downregulated that of TGF-β was observed in response to LPS in resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from rats of both ages. |
| 7993 | 26463212 | GM-CSF elevated production of IL-1β and IL-6 in resident macrophages from aged rats and in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from young rats. |
| 7994 | 26463212 | Unexpectedly, IL-4 augmented production of proinflammatory mediators, IL-1β and IL-6, in resident macrophages from aged rats. |
| 7995 | 26463212 | In conclusion, our study showed that aging diminished GM-CSF-triggered polarization of elicited macrophages and caused paradoxical IL-4-driven polarization of resident macrophages toward proinflammatory M1 phenotype. |
| 7996 | 26463212 | Aging affects the responsiveness of rat peritoneal macrophages to GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 7997 | 26463212 | Therefore, resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from young (3-month-old) and aged (18-19-month-old) rats were tested for phagocytic capacity and ability to secrete inflammatory mediators following in vitro stimulation with LPS and GM-CSF, and IL-4, prototypic stimulators for classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, respectively. |
| 7998 | 26463212 | Aging increased the frequency of monocyte-derived (CCR7+ CD68+) and the most mature (CD163+ CD68+) macrophages within resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, respectively. |
| 7999 | 26463212 | The ability to phagocyte zymosan of none of these two cell subsets was affected by either LPS and GM-CSF or IL-4. |
| 8000 | 26463212 | The upregulated production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 and downregulated that of TGF-β was observed in response to LPS in resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from rats of both ages. |
| 8001 | 26463212 | GM-CSF elevated production of IL-1β and IL-6 in resident macrophages from aged rats and in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from young rats. |
| 8002 | 26463212 | Unexpectedly, IL-4 augmented production of proinflammatory mediators, IL-1β and IL-6, in resident macrophages from aged rats. |
| 8003 | 26463212 | In conclusion, our study showed that aging diminished GM-CSF-triggered polarization of elicited macrophages and caused paradoxical IL-4-driven polarization of resident macrophages toward proinflammatory M1 phenotype. |
| 8004 | 26463212 | Aging affects the responsiveness of rat peritoneal macrophages to GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 8005 | 26463212 | Therefore, resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from young (3-month-old) and aged (18-19-month-old) rats were tested for phagocytic capacity and ability to secrete inflammatory mediators following in vitro stimulation with LPS and GM-CSF, and IL-4, prototypic stimulators for classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, respectively. |
| 8006 | 26463212 | Aging increased the frequency of monocyte-derived (CCR7+ CD68+) and the most mature (CD163+ CD68+) macrophages within resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, respectively. |
| 8007 | 26463212 | The ability to phagocyte zymosan of none of these two cell subsets was affected by either LPS and GM-CSF or IL-4. |
| 8008 | 26463212 | The upregulated production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 and downregulated that of TGF-β was observed in response to LPS in resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from rats of both ages. |
| 8009 | 26463212 | GM-CSF elevated production of IL-1β and IL-6 in resident macrophages from aged rats and in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from young rats. |
| 8010 | 26463212 | Unexpectedly, IL-4 augmented production of proinflammatory mediators, IL-1β and IL-6, in resident macrophages from aged rats. |
| 8011 | 26463212 | In conclusion, our study showed that aging diminished GM-CSF-triggered polarization of elicited macrophages and caused paradoxical IL-4-driven polarization of resident macrophages toward proinflammatory M1 phenotype. |
| 8012 | 26463212 | Aging affects the responsiveness of rat peritoneal macrophages to GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 8013 | 26463212 | Therefore, resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from young (3-month-old) and aged (18-19-month-old) rats were tested for phagocytic capacity and ability to secrete inflammatory mediators following in vitro stimulation with LPS and GM-CSF, and IL-4, prototypic stimulators for classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, respectively. |
| 8014 | 26463212 | Aging increased the frequency of monocyte-derived (CCR7+ CD68+) and the most mature (CD163+ CD68+) macrophages within resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, respectively. |
| 8015 | 26463212 | The ability to phagocyte zymosan of none of these two cell subsets was affected by either LPS and GM-CSF or IL-4. |
| 8016 | 26463212 | The upregulated production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 and downregulated that of TGF-β was observed in response to LPS in resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from rats of both ages. |
| 8017 | 26463212 | GM-CSF elevated production of IL-1β and IL-6 in resident macrophages from aged rats and in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from young rats. |
| 8018 | 26463212 | Unexpectedly, IL-4 augmented production of proinflammatory mediators, IL-1β and IL-6, in resident macrophages from aged rats. |
| 8019 | 26463212 | In conclusion, our study showed that aging diminished GM-CSF-triggered polarization of elicited macrophages and caused paradoxical IL-4-driven polarization of resident macrophages toward proinflammatory M1 phenotype. |
| 8020 | 26463212 | Aging affects the responsiveness of rat peritoneal macrophages to GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 8021 | 26463212 | Therefore, resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from young (3-month-old) and aged (18-19-month-old) rats were tested for phagocytic capacity and ability to secrete inflammatory mediators following in vitro stimulation with LPS and GM-CSF, and IL-4, prototypic stimulators for classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, respectively. |
| 8022 | 26463212 | Aging increased the frequency of monocyte-derived (CCR7+ CD68+) and the most mature (CD163+ CD68+) macrophages within resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, respectively. |
| 8023 | 26463212 | The ability to phagocyte zymosan of none of these two cell subsets was affected by either LPS and GM-CSF or IL-4. |
| 8024 | 26463212 | The upregulated production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 and downregulated that of TGF-β was observed in response to LPS in resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from rats of both ages. |
| 8025 | 26463212 | GM-CSF elevated production of IL-1β and IL-6 in resident macrophages from aged rats and in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from young rats. |
| 8026 | 26463212 | Unexpectedly, IL-4 augmented production of proinflammatory mediators, IL-1β and IL-6, in resident macrophages from aged rats. |
| 8027 | 26463212 | In conclusion, our study showed that aging diminished GM-CSF-triggered polarization of elicited macrophages and caused paradoxical IL-4-driven polarization of resident macrophages toward proinflammatory M1 phenotype. |
| 8028 | 26468884 | Despite viral clearance, live RSV reinfections caused weight loss and substantial pulmonary inflammation probably due to high levels of RSV specific IFN-γ+IL4-, IFN-γ-TNF-α+, IFN-γ+TNF-α- effector CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 8029 | 26468884 | Alum adjuvant in the FI-RSV-A was found to be mainly responsible for inducing high levels of RSV-specific IFN-γ-IL4+, IFN-γ-TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells, and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-4 as well as B220+ plasmacytoid and CD4+ dendritic cells, and inhibiting the induction of IFN-γ+CD8 T cells. |
| 8030 | 26468884 | Despite viral clearance, live RSV reinfections caused weight loss and substantial pulmonary inflammation probably due to high levels of RSV specific IFN-γ+IL4-, IFN-γ-TNF-α+, IFN-γ+TNF-α- effector CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 8031 | 26468884 | Alum adjuvant in the FI-RSV-A was found to be mainly responsible for inducing high levels of RSV-specific IFN-γ-IL4+, IFN-γ-TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells, and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-4 as well as B220+ plasmacytoid and CD4+ dendritic cells, and inhibiting the induction of IFN-γ+CD8 T cells. |
| 8032 | 26475970 | Moreover, surface charge seemed to have a role on biasing the immune response; cationic microspheres induced higher IFN-γ levels, indicative of Th1 activation, while unmodified ones mainly triggered IL4 and IL17A release, showing Th2 activation. |