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Gene Information
Gene symbol: IL6
Gene name: interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)
HGNC ID: 6018
Synonyms: IL-6, BSF2, HGF, HSF
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 26468884 | Despite viral clearance, live RSV reinfections caused weight loss and substantial pulmonary inflammation probably due to high levels of RSV specific IFN-γ+IL4-, IFN-γ-TNF-α+, IFN-γ+TNF-α- effector CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 2 | 26468884 | Alum adjuvant in the FI-RSV-A was found to be mainly responsible for inducing high levels of RSV-specific IFN-γ-IL4+, IFN-γ-TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells, and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-4 as well as B220+ plasmacytoid and CD4+ dendritic cells, and inhibiting the induction of IFN-γ+CD8 T cells. |
| 3 | 26464379 | Additionally, immunization with rOhr induced high production of IFN-γ as well as proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF, MCP-1, IL-12p70, and IL-6, but a lesser amount of IL-10, suggesting that rOhr predominantly elicited a cell-mediated immune response. |
| 4 | 26463212 | Aging affects the responsiveness of rat peritoneal macrophages to GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 5 | 26463212 | Aging affects the responsiveness of rat peritoneal macrophages to GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 6 | 26463212 | Aging affects the responsiveness of rat peritoneal macrophages to GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 7 | 26463212 | Therefore, resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from young (3-month-old) and aged (18-19-month-old) rats were tested for phagocytic capacity and ability to secrete inflammatory mediators following in vitro stimulation with LPS and GM-CSF, and IL-4, prototypic stimulators for classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, respectively. |
| 8 | 26463212 | Therefore, resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from young (3-month-old) and aged (18-19-month-old) rats were tested for phagocytic capacity and ability to secrete inflammatory mediators following in vitro stimulation with LPS and GM-CSF, and IL-4, prototypic stimulators for classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, respectively. |
| 9 | 26463212 | Therefore, resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from young (3-month-old) and aged (18-19-month-old) rats were tested for phagocytic capacity and ability to secrete inflammatory mediators following in vitro stimulation with LPS and GM-CSF, and IL-4, prototypic stimulators for classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, respectively. |
| 10 | 26463212 | Aging increased the frequency of monocyte-derived (CCR7+ CD68+) and the most mature (CD163+ CD68+) macrophages within resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, respectively. |
| 11 | 26463212 | Aging increased the frequency of monocyte-derived (CCR7+ CD68+) and the most mature (CD163+ CD68+) macrophages within resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, respectively. |
| 12 | 26463212 | Aging increased the frequency of monocyte-derived (CCR7+ CD68+) and the most mature (CD163+ CD68+) macrophages within resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, respectively. |
| 13 | 26463212 | The ability to phagocyte zymosan of none of these two cell subsets was affected by either LPS and GM-CSF or IL-4. |
| 14 | 26463212 | The ability to phagocyte zymosan of none of these two cell subsets was affected by either LPS and GM-CSF or IL-4. |
| 15 | 26463212 | The ability to phagocyte zymosan of none of these two cell subsets was affected by either LPS and GM-CSF or IL-4. |
| 16 | 26463212 | The upregulated production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 and downregulated that of TGF-β was observed in response to LPS in resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from rats of both ages. |
| 17 | 26463212 | The upregulated production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 and downregulated that of TGF-β was observed in response to LPS in resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from rats of both ages. |
| 18 | 26463212 | The upregulated production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 and downregulated that of TGF-β was observed in response to LPS in resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from rats of both ages. |
| 19 | 26463212 | GM-CSF elevated production of IL-1β and IL-6 in resident macrophages from aged rats and in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from young rats. |
| 20 | 26463212 | GM-CSF elevated production of IL-1β and IL-6 in resident macrophages from aged rats and in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from young rats. |
| 21 | 26463212 | GM-CSF elevated production of IL-1β and IL-6 in resident macrophages from aged rats and in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from young rats. |
| 22 | 26463212 | Unexpectedly, IL-4 augmented production of proinflammatory mediators, IL-1β and IL-6, in resident macrophages from aged rats. |
| 23 | 26463212 | Unexpectedly, IL-4 augmented production of proinflammatory mediators, IL-1β and IL-6, in resident macrophages from aged rats. |
| 24 | 26463212 | Unexpectedly, IL-4 augmented production of proinflammatory mediators, IL-1β and IL-6, in resident macrophages from aged rats. |
| 25 | 26463212 | In conclusion, our study showed that aging diminished GM-CSF-triggered polarization of elicited macrophages and caused paradoxical IL-4-driven polarization of resident macrophages toward proinflammatory M1 phenotype. |
| 26 | 26463212 | In conclusion, our study showed that aging diminished GM-CSF-triggered polarization of elicited macrophages and caused paradoxical IL-4-driven polarization of resident macrophages toward proinflammatory M1 phenotype. |
| 27 | 26463212 | In conclusion, our study showed that aging diminished GM-CSF-triggered polarization of elicited macrophages and caused paradoxical IL-4-driven polarization of resident macrophages toward proinflammatory M1 phenotype. |
| 28 | 26440045 | In a model of macrophage-like cells, the CpG NFs proved to be potent immunostimulators by triggering the proliferation of these immune cells, which, in turn, secreted immunostimulatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10. |
| 29 | 26439698 | PPE26 functionally stimulates macrophage activation by augmenting pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40) and the expression of cell surface markers (CD80, CD86, MHC class I and II). |
| 30 | 26439698 | We observed that PPE26-treated macrophages effectively polarizes naïve CD4(+) T cells to up-regulate CXCR3 expression, and to secrete IFN-γ and IL-2, indicating PPE26 contributes to the Th1 polarization during the immune response. |
| 31 | 26439698 | Moreover, PPE26 effectively induces the reciprocal expansion of effector/memory CD4(+)/CD8(+) CD44(high)CD62L(low) T cells in the spleens of mice immunized with this strain. |
| 32 | 26437769 | Pore-formation by adenylate cyclase toxoid activates dendritic cells to prime CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. |
| 33 | 26437769 | The toxoid-induced in vitro phenotypic maturation of DC involved the activity of mitogen activated protein kinases p38 and JNK and comprised increased expression of maturation markers, interleukin 6, chemokines KC and LIX and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor secretion, prostaglandin E2 production and enhancement of chemotactic migration of DC. |
| 34 | 26437769 | Similarly, the capacity of DC to stimulate CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo was dependent on the pore-forming activity of CyaA-AC(-). |
| 35 | 26431338 | However, microarray and qPCR validation results did not highlight pro-inflammatory molecules (such as TNFα, TLR2, IL-12B and IL-6), whereas inflammation is one of the most characteristic traits of acute CBPP. |
| 36 | 26412518 | The aim of the present study was to analyze serum samples of A. pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs for TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 using a cytometric bead array (CBA) 3-plex assay and additionally for IL-6 using ELISA. |
| 37 | 26388420 | Subsequent to vaccination, the percentage of natural killer cells and T cells (CD3(+) CD4(+) CD8(-) and CD3(+) CD4(-) CD8(+) T cells) were significantly increased in the non-selected line but remained unchanged in the immunity-selected Large White line. |
| 38 | 26388420 | Expression of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6 messenger RNA in hilar lymph nodes was significantly lower in the immunity-selected Large White line than in the non-selected line. |
| 39 | 26381186 | Interestingly, both J4 and F4 induced less cytokine secretion (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, TNFα, and IL-12p70) from myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and monocytes than CL075 and R848; however, they all generated similar levels of phenotype maturation of antigen presenting cells (APCs), including plasmacytoid DCs. |
| 40 | 26352261 | Results showed that S19 and RB51 vaccination induced an immune response characterized by proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells; IFN-ɣ and IL-17A production by CD4+ T-cells; cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells; IL-6 secretion; CD4+ and CD8+ memory cells; antibodies of IgG1 class; and expression of the phenotypes of activation in T-cells. |
| 41 | 26352261 | Results showed that S19 and RB51 vaccination induced an immune response characterized by proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells; IFN-ɣ and IL-17A production by CD4+ T-cells; cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells; IL-6 secretion; CD4+ and CD8+ memory cells; antibodies of IgG1 class; and expression of the phenotypes of activation in T-cells. |
| 42 | 26352261 | Results showed that S19 and RB51 vaccination induced an immune response characterized by proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells; IFN-ɣ and IL-17A production by CD4+ T-cells; cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells; IL-6 secretion; CD4+ and CD8+ memory cells; antibodies of IgG1 class; and expression of the phenotypes of activation in T-cells. |
| 43 | 26352261 | However, the immune response stimulated by S19 compared to RB51 showed higher persistency of IFN-ɣ and CD4+ memory cells, induction of CD21+ memory cells and higher secretion of IL-6. |
| 44 | 26352261 | However, the immune response stimulated by S19 compared to RB51 showed higher persistency of IFN-ɣ and CD4+ memory cells, induction of CD21+ memory cells and higher secretion of IL-6. |
| 45 | 26352261 | However, the immune response stimulated by S19 compared to RB51 showed higher persistency of IFN-ɣ and CD4+ memory cells, induction of CD21+ memory cells and higher secretion of IL-6. |
| 46 | 26352261 | After RB51 revaccination, the immune response was chiefly characterized by increase in IFN-ɣ expression, proliferation of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells and decrease of IL-6 production in both groups. |
| 47 | 26352261 | After RB51 revaccination, the immune response was chiefly characterized by increase in IFN-ɣ expression, proliferation of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells and decrease of IL-6 production in both groups. |
| 48 | 26352261 | After RB51 revaccination, the immune response was chiefly characterized by increase in IFN-ɣ expression, proliferation of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells and decrease of IL-6 production in both groups. |
| 49 | 26346655 | Class B CpG ODNs loaded on the BNNS-PEI complexes enhanced the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α from peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with CpG ODNs directly loaded on BNNS. |
| 50 | 26346655 | Class B CpG ODNs loaded on the BNNS-PEI complexes enhanced the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α from peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with CpG ODNs directly loaded on BNNS. |
| 51 | 26346655 | Therefore, BNNS-PEI complexes can be used to enhance the immunostimulatory effect and therapeutic activity of CpG ODNs and the treatment of diseases requiring interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-α. |
| 52 | 26346655 | Therefore, BNNS-PEI complexes can be used to enhance the immunostimulatory effect and therapeutic activity of CpG ODNs and the treatment of diseases requiring interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-α. |
| 53 | 26343197 | This review provides an appraisal of some of the key signaling pathways that may contribute to immune suppression in ovarian cancer, with a particular focus on the potential involvement of the c-KIT/PI3K/AKT, wnt/β-catenin, IL-6/STAT3 and AhR signaling pathways in regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in tumor-associated macrophages. |
| 54 | 26339979 | Our results showed that endotoxin nanovesicles with such dense lipid A units can elicit the stronger inflammatory gene expressions, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1A, TNF-α, C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL) 1, 2, and 11, which have characteristics of T-helper 1 adjuvants. |
| 55 | 26339315 | One mechanism employed by monocytes for sensing foreign antigens is via toll-like receptors (TLRs)-transmembrane proteins that distinguish classes of foreign pathogens, for example, bacteria (TLR4, 5, and 9) vs. fungi (TLR2) vs. viruses (TLR3, 7, and 8). |
| 56 | 26339315 | Three cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10, were detected using anti-cytokine antibody arrays integrated into each of the six chambers. |
| 57 | 26334519 | In the tumor microenvironment, the combination therapy led to significantly downregulated levels of immunosuppressive factors, such as decreased numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) cells and declined levels of interleukin-6 and chemokine ligand 2-in correlation with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and IFN-γ as well as an elevation in the CD8(+) T-cell population. |
| 58 | 26324768 | FOXP3/NFAT interaction is required to repress expression of IL-2, upregulate expression of the Treg markers CTLA4 and CD25, and confer suppressor function to Tregs. |
| 59 | 26324768 | Specific inhibition of FOXP3/NFAT interaction with this inhibitory peptide revealed that FOXP3 downregulates NFAT-driven promoter activity of CD40L and IL-17. |
| 60 | 26324768 | Inhibition of FOXP3/NFAT interaction upregulated CD40L expression on effector T cells and enhanced T cell proliferation and IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, or IL-17 production in response to TCR stimulation. |
| 61 | 26315722 | Splenic recall to BCG antigens showed BCG/rHLF vaccination increased production of IFN-γ, IL-6, and GM-CSF compared to naïve, BCG, and BCG/bLF groups. |
| 62 | 26315722 | Analysis of T cell stimulating functions of bone marrow derived macrophages and dendritic cells treated with BCG/bLF or BCG/rHLF showed decreases in IL-10 production when co-cultured with sensitized CD4 and CD8 T cells, compared to those cultured with macrophages/dendritic cells treated with BCG without LF. |
| 63 | 26296578 | IL-10, IFN-β, IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES levels were evaluated by ELISA assay. |
| 64 | 26296578 | IL-10, IFN-β, IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES levels were evaluated by ELISA assay. |
| 65 | 26296578 | IL-10, IFN-β, IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES levels were evaluated by ELISA assay. |
| 66 | 26296578 | Resveratrol exerted a high, dose-dependent, antiviral activity against HRV-16 replication and reduced virus-induced secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES to levels similar to that of uninfected nasal epithelia. |
| 67 | 26296578 | Resveratrol exerted a high, dose-dependent, antiviral activity against HRV-16 replication and reduced virus-induced secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES to levels similar to that of uninfected nasal epithelia. |
| 68 | 26296578 | Resveratrol exerted a high, dose-dependent, antiviral activity against HRV-16 replication and reduced virus-induced secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES to levels similar to that of uninfected nasal epithelia. |
| 69 | 26296578 | Basal levels of IL-6 and RANTES were also significantly reduced in uninfected epithelia confirming an anti-inflammatory effect of the compound. |
| 70 | 26296578 | Basal levels of IL-6 and RANTES were also significantly reduced in uninfected epithelia confirming an anti-inflammatory effect of the compound. |
| 71 | 26296578 | Basal levels of IL-6 and RANTES were also significantly reduced in uninfected epithelia confirming an anti-inflammatory effect of the compound. |
| 72 | 26291403 | Women exhibited a more profound pro-inflammatory response with significantly higher increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. |
| 73 | 26286603 | We assayed the activation ex vivo and the responsiveness to TLR2 and TLR4 agonists in vitro in the three subsets and assessed the intracellular production of IL1-alpha (α), IL1-beta (β), IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10 of elderly adults (median 83 [67-90] years old;n= 20) compared with young controls (median 35 [27-40] years old;n= 20). |
| 74 | 26286603 | We assayed the activation ex vivo and the responsiveness to TLR2 and TLR4 agonists in vitro in the three subsets and assessed the intracellular production of IL1-alpha (α), IL1-beta (β), IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10 of elderly adults (median 83 [67-90] years old;n= 20) compared with young controls (median 35 [27-40] years old;n= 20). |
| 75 | 26286603 | Ex vivo, the elderly adults showed a higher percentage of classical monocytes that expressed intracellular IL1-α (p= .001), IL1-β (p= .001), IL-6 (p= .002), and IL-8 (p= .007). |
| 76 | 26286603 | Ex vivo, the elderly adults showed a higher percentage of classical monocytes that expressed intracellular IL1-α (p= .001), IL1-β (p= .001), IL-6 (p= .002), and IL-8 (p= .007). |
| 77 | 26227587 | The splenic lymphocyte proliferation and the levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 of the inoculated mice were significantly increased, and the T- and B-cell populations were also elevated. |
| 78 | 26188153 | In this study, we explored the underlying mechanisms concerning the interaction between Coa-ASC16 and the immune system and we found that the whole inflammatory response elicited by Coa-ASC16 (leukocyte recruitment and IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 production) was dependent on the MyD88 protein. |
| 79 | 26188153 | In this study, we explored the underlying mechanisms concerning the interaction between Coa-ASC16 and the immune system and we found that the whole inflammatory response elicited by Coa-ASC16 (leukocyte recruitment and IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 production) was dependent on the MyD88 protein. |
| 80 | 26188153 | TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 and NLRP3-inflammasome signaling were not required for induction of this inflammatory response. |
| 81 | 26188153 | TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 and NLRP3-inflammasome signaling were not required for induction of this inflammatory response. |
| 82 | 26188153 | In addition, Coa-ASC16 revealed an intrinsic adjuvant activity which was affected by MyD88 and IL-6 absence. |
| 83 | 26188153 | In addition, Coa-ASC16 revealed an intrinsic adjuvant activity which was affected by MyD88 and IL-6 absence. |
| 84 | 26182986 | We isolated RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and, with PCR, detected transcripts for TLRs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 13. |
| 85 | 26182986 | Stimulation of the mononuclear cells with agonists to these TLRs increased the expression of downstream TLR signaling products (IL1α, IL6, IL12A and IFNβ). |
| 86 | 26172261 | The BCG-pAg85A combination stimulated robust and sustained Ag85A specific antibody, lymphoproliferative, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ responses. |
| 87 | 26169275 | In vitro infection of macrophages with live attenuated parasites (compared to that with wild-type [WT] L. donovani parasites) induced significantly higher production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-12 [IL-12], gamma interferon [IFN-γ], and IL-6), chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/CCL-2, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/CCL-3, and IP-10), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide, while concomitantly reducing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and arginase-1 activities, suggesting a dominant classically activated/M1 macrophage response. |
| 88 | 26169275 | Similarly, parasitized splenic macrophages from live attenuated parasite-infected mice also demonstrated induction of an M1 macrophage phenotype, indicated by upregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12, and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 and downregulation of genes associated with the M2 phenotype, i.e., the IL-10, YM1, Arg-1, and MRC-1 genes, compared to WT L. donovani-infected mice. |
| 89 | 26169275 | Furthermore, an ex vivo antigen presentation assay showed macrophages from live attenuated parasite-infected mice induced higher IFN-γ and IL-2 but significantly less IL-10 production by ovalbumin-specific CD4(+) T cells, resulting in proliferation of Th1 cells. |
| 90 | 26144899 | Regarding cytokine production, increased IL-6, IL-10, TNF, and IFNγ levels were observed after vaccination. |
| 91 | 26130856 | A potent lymphocyte-proliferation response and increased levels of interferon-γ, interleukin-2, and interleukin-6 in the plasma and in culture supernatants of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes from the vaccinated group suggested significant induction of the cell-mediated immune response in this group compared with the control group. |
| 92 | 26121642 | CD103+ CD11b+ Dendritic Cells Induce Th17 T Cells in Muc2-Deficient Mice with Extensively Spread Colitis. |
| 93 | 26121642 | Specifically, mice with proximally spread, but not distally contained, colitis have increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, TNFα, and IFNγ combined with decreased IL-10 in the distal colon. |
| 94 | 26121642 | These individuals also have increased numbers of CD103+ CD11b+ DCs in the distal colon. |
| 95 | 26121642 | CD103+ CD11b+ DCs isolated from colitic but not noncolitic mice induced robust differentiation of Th17 cells but not Th1 cells ex vivo. |
| 96 | 26121642 | Thus, the local environment influences the capacity of intestinal DC subsets to induce T cell proliferation and differentiation, with CD103+ CD11b+ DCs inducing IL-17-producing T cells being a key feature of extensively spread colitis. |
| 97 | 26121471 | Immunization with an ApoB-100 Related Peptide Vaccine Attenuates Angiotensin-II Induced Hypertension and Renal Fibrosis in Mice. |
| 98 | 26121471 | We recently reported that immunization with apoB-100 related peptide, p210, modified CD8+ T cell function in angiotensin II (AngII)-infused apoE (-/-) mice. |
| 99 | 26121471 | In this study, we hypothesized that p210 vaccine modulates blood pressure in AngII-infused apoE (-/-) mice. |
| 100 | 26121471 | At euthanasia, inflammatory genes IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in renal tissue were down-regulated by p210 vaccine. |
| 101 | 26091761 | The profiles of the proinflammatory cytokines interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-17A and the regulatory cytokine IL-10 induced by the rSj22.6 plus rSjHSP70 combination were similar to those induced by rSj22.6 emulsified with the ISA206 adjuvant control. |
| 102 | 26090808 | Moreover, in vivo administration of GB promoted up-regulation of CD86, MHC class I and MHC class II and production of IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in spleen DCs. |
| 103 | 26090808 | Furthermore, Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway were essential for DC activation induced by GB. |
| 104 | 26090808 | In addition, GB strongly prompted the proliferation of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 105 | 26090579 | IFN-α-Induced Downregulation of miR-221 in Dendritic Cells: Implications for HCV Pathogenesis and Treatment. |
| 106 | 26090579 | IFN-α-Induced Downregulation of miR-221 in Dendritic Cells: Implications for HCV Pathogenesis and Treatment. |
| 107 | 26090579 | We report that IFN-α downregulates miR-221 in both DC subsets via inhibition of STAT3. |
| 108 | 26090579 | We report that IFN-α downregulates miR-221 in both DC subsets via inhibition of STAT3. |
| 109 | 26090579 | We validated proapoptotic proteins BCL2L11 and CDKN1C as miR-221 targets suggesting that IFN-α can induce DC apoptosis via miR-221 downregulation. |
| 110 | 26090579 | We validated proapoptotic proteins BCL2L11 and CDKN1C as miR-221 targets suggesting that IFN-α can induce DC apoptosis via miR-221 downregulation. |
| 111 | 26090579 | In addition, we validated another miR-221 target, SOCS1, which is known to be a negative regulator of JAK/STAT signaling. |
| 112 | 26090579 | In addition, we validated another miR-221 target, SOCS1, which is known to be a negative regulator of JAK/STAT signaling. |
| 113 | 26090579 | Consistent with this, miR-221 overexpression in mDCs enhanced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. |
| 114 | 26090579 | Consistent with this, miR-221 overexpression in mDCs enhanced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. |
| 115 | 26090579 | In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-1/HCV co-infected individuals undergoing IFN-α-based treatment the baseline miR-221 expression was lower in non-responders compared with responders; and miR-221 expression directly correlated with DC frequency and IL-6/TNF-α secretion. |
| 116 | 26090579 | In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-1/HCV co-infected individuals undergoing IFN-α-based treatment the baseline miR-221 expression was lower in non-responders compared with responders; and miR-221 expression directly correlated with DC frequency and IL-6/TNF-α secretion. |
| 117 | 26072999 | IL-6 and IL-17 play an important role during infection. |
| 118 | 26072999 | IgA and CD4(+) T cells are fundamental to the process of Giardia clearance. |
| 119 | 26069966 | Preclinical studies have found that IL-17 secreting CD4+ Th17 cells in reducing pneumococcal colonisation. |
| 120 | 26069966 | Th17 cytokines assayed included IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22 as well as TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-23 and IFNγ. |
| 121 | 26069966 | Cytokine levels were significantly lower in children with high density pneumococcal carriage compared with children with low density carriage for IL-17A (p=0.002) and IL-23 (p=0.04). |
| 122 | 26069966 | There was a trend towards significance for IL-22 (p=0.057) while no difference was observed for the other cytokines. |
| 123 | 26057192 | RA is commonly treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), glucocorticoids and biologic inhibitors of TNF, IL-1, IL-6, T cells and B cells. |
| 124 | 26054442 | For didactic reasons, we opted by elaborating a summary of safety assessment in accordance with the previous themes, by drug class/mechanism of action (tumor necrosis factor antagonists, T-cell co-stimulation blockers, B-cell depletors and interleukin-6 receptor blockers). |
| 125 | 26041038 | The supernatant was then assayed for gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A. |
| 126 | 26041038 | The supernatant was then assayed for gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A. |
| 127 | 26041038 | In addition, IL-6 concentrations were higher while IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations were significantly lower in those with nonmeningeal disseminated disease diagnosed within 12 months than in those with acute pneumonia (for all, P < 0.05). |
| 128 | 26041038 | In addition, IL-6 concentrations were higher while IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations were significantly lower in those with nonmeningeal disseminated disease diagnosed within 12 months than in those with acute pneumonia (for all, P < 0.05). |
| 129 | 26032420 | Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (Syk) Mediates IL-1β Induction by Primary Human Monocytes during Antibody-enhanced Dengue Virus Infection. |
| 130 | 26032420 | Syk induces elevated IL1B, TNF, and IL6 mRNA by 2 hpi. |
| 131 | 26032420 | Syk mediates elevated IL-1β secretion by activating ERK1/2, and both Syk and ERK1/2 inhibitors ablated ADE-induced IL-1β secretion. |
| 132 | 26032420 | Maturation of pro-IL-1β during ADE requires caspase-1 and NLRP3, but caspase-1 is suboptimally increased by ADE and can be significantly enhanced by a typical inflammasome agonist, ATP. |
| 133 | 26032420 | Importantly, this inflammatory Syk-ERK signaling axis requires DENV immune complexes, because DENV-2 in the presence of serotype-matched anti-DENV-2 mAb, but not anti-DENV-1 mAb, activates Syk, ERK, and IL-1β secretion. |
| 134 | 26032420 | Syk and ERK may serve as new therapeutic targets for interfering with ADE-induced cytokine expression during severe dengue. |
| 135 | 26021803 | Evidence for TLR4 and FcRγ-CARD9 activation by cholera toxin B subunit and its direct bindings to TREM2 and LMIR5 receptors. |
| 136 | 26021803 | Indeed, CTX-induced IL-6 production was substantially reduced in MyD88(-/-) or TLR4(-/-) macrophages. |
| 137 | 26021803 | CTB targeted not only GM1 and TLR4 but also TREM2 and LMIR5/CD300b. |
| 138 | 26021803 | CTB-TREM2 interaction initiated signal transduction through adaptor protein DAP12. |
| 139 | 26021803 | In summary, CTB targets TLR4, FcRγ-CARD9, TREM2, and LMIR5. |
| 140 | 26010477 | In addition, plasma levels CRP, IL6, IL8, and TNFα were measured. |
| 141 | 26010477 | In addition, plasma levels CRP, IL6, IL8, and TNFα were measured. |
| 142 | 26010477 | Acute phase proteins IL6 and CRP increased in blood and IL8 decreased. |
| 143 | 26010477 | Acute phase proteins IL6 and CRP increased in blood and IL8 decreased. |
| 144 | 26009756 | Vaccination had no effect on IL-6 or Ptn. |
| 145 | 26006716 | Our study shows that SALF added to cell culture media inhibits growth progression of MBT-2, and that SALF together with inactivated MBT-2 lysate elevates the level of inflammasome activity, and modulates the levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α in mouse macrophages. |
| 146 | 26000051 | The GNP-MUC-1 nano-construct had proven to function as a powerful macrophage activator with consequent release of cytokines such as: TNF-ɑ, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 on peritoneal macrophages we have isolated from mice. |
| 147 | 25987009 | Based on in-depth reviews of serological diagnosis of HCC, in addition to AFP, there are other biomarkers: Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), des- carboxyprothrombin (DCP), tyrosine kinase with Ig and eprdermal growth factor (EGF) homology domains 2 (TIE2)-espressing monocytes (TEMs), glypican-3 (GPC3), Golgi protein 73 (GP73), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) have been proposed as biomarkers for the early detection of HCC. |
| 148 | 25965646 | RNA was extracted from PBMCs, and the relative concentration of cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts (IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, or IL-10) relative to transcription of the β-actin gene was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. |
| 149 | 25965646 | RNA was extracted from PBMCs, and the relative concentration of cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts (IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, or IL-10) relative to transcription of the β-actin gene was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. |
| 150 | 25965646 | The median increase in vaccine-stimulated cultures was: IFN-β=334.4-fold; IL-12=46.33-fold; IFN-γ=12.64-fold; IL-6=9.07-fold; IL-17=7.33-fold; IL-10=6.47-fold; and TNF-α=2.36-fold. |
| 151 | 25965646 | The median increase in vaccine-stimulated cultures was: IFN-β=334.4-fold; IL-12=46.33-fold; IFN-γ=12.64-fold; IL-6=9.07-fold; IL-17=7.33-fold; IL-10=6.47-fold; and TNF-α=2.36-fold. |
| 152 | 25959372 | In the mechanistic study, H1N1-TMC/NP was shown to stimulate macrophages to produce IL-1β and IL-6 and to stimulate spleen lymphocytes to produce IL-2 and IFN-γ. |
| 153 | 25957253 | Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12) as well as of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 is induced in monocyte-derived DC. |
| 154 | 25955717 | Human Cytomegalovirus miR-UL112-3p Targets TLR2 and Modulates the TLR2/IRAK1/NFκB Signaling Pathway. |
| 155 | 25955717 | Consistent with this observation, miR-UL112-3p transfection significantly reduced the expression of multiple cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) upon stimulation with a TLR2 agonist. |
| 156 | 25955717 | Finally, miR-UL112-3p transfection significantly inhibited the TLR2-induced post-translational activation of IRAK1, a kinase located in the upstream section of the TLR2/NFκB signaling axis. |
| 157 | 25949867 | STAT5 activation, Foxp3 expression, and hnRNPE1 activation mediated by PI3K/Akt signaling were required for Dab2 expression during GM-CSF-derived BMDC development regardless of TGF-β signaling. |
| 158 | 25949867 | Dab2-silencing was accompanied by enhanced IL-12 and IL-6 expression, and an improved capacity of DC for antigen uptake, migration and T cell stimulation, which generated strong CTL in vaccinated mice. |
| 159 | 25944279 | Consistently, at the peak of the disease greater number of reactivated CD4+CD134+CD45RC- T lymphocytes was retrieved from male rat spinal cord. |
| 160 | 25944279 | Additionally, oppositely to the expression of mRNAs for IL-12/p35, IL-10 and IL-27/p28, the expression of mRNA for IL-23/p19 was upregulated in male rat spinal cord mononuclear cells. |
| 161 | 25944279 | Within this subpopulation, the IL-17+IFN-γ+:IL-17+IL-10+ cell ratio was shifted towards IL-17+IFN-γ+ cells, which have prominent tissue damaging capacity. |
| 162 | 25944279 | This was associated with an upregulated expression of mRNAs for IL-1β and IL-6, but downregulated TGF-β mRNA expression in male rat spinal cord mononuclear cells. |
| 163 | 25944279 | The enhanced GM-CSF mRNA expression in these cells supported the greater pathogenicity of IL-17+ T lymphocytes infiltrating male spinal cord. |
| 164 | 25944279 | In the inductive phase of the disease, contrary to the draining lymph node, in the spinal cord the frequency of CD134+ cells among CD4+ T lymphocytes and the frequency of IL-17+ cells among T lymphocytes were greater in male than in female rats. |
| 165 | 25936981 | Immunization of BALB/c mice showed high levels of TNFα, IFNγ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-4 in splenocyte supernatant culture and also high levels of serum specific anti-rFh15 IgG, IgG1, IgG2a IgE and IgM antibodies suggesting a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. |
| 166 | 25915733 | Tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 mediates C-type lectin receptor-induced activation of the kinase Syk and anti-fungal TH17 responses. |
| 167 | 25915733 | Fungal infection stimulates the canonical C-type lectin receptor (CLR) signaling pathway via activation of the tyrosine kinase Syk. |
| 168 | 25915733 | Here we identify a crucial role for the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 in mediating CLR-induced activation of Syk. |
| 169 | 25915733 | Mechanistically, SHP-2 operated as a scaffold, facilitating the recruitment of Syk to the CLR dectin-1 or the adaptor FcRγ, through its N-SH2 domain and a previously unrecognized carboxy-terminal immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). |
| 170 | 25915733 | We found that DC-derived SHP-2 was crucial for the induction of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-23 and anti-fungal responses of the TH17 subset of helper T cells in controlling infection with Candida albicans. |
| 171 | 25915733 | Together our data reveal a mechanism by which SHP-2 mediates the activation of Syk in response to fungal infection. |
| 172 | 25912369 | The secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α by PBMC after recall stimulation was also affected in ENRO group. |
| 173 | 25907170 | RpfE induces DC maturation by increasing expression of surface molecules and the production of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-23p19, IL-12p70, and TNF-α but not IL-10. |
| 174 | 25907170 | This induction is mediated through TLR4 binding and subsequent activation of ERK, p38 MAPKs, and NF-κB signaling. |
| 175 | 25907170 | RpfE-treated DCs effectively caused naïve CD4(+) T cells to secrete IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17A, which resulted in reciprocal expansions of the Th1 and Th17 cell response along with activation of T-bet and RORγt but not GATA-3. |
| 176 | 25907044 | Furthermore, it is shown that the level of both IL-1β and IL-6 is correlated with the composition of biominerals, in particular the ratio of Mg(Sr) to Ca, and the pH sensitivity of biominerals. |
| 177 | 25898005 | Second, we found that CDG selectively activated pinocytosis-efficient-DCs, leading to T(H) polarizing cytokines IL-12p70, IFNγ, IL-5, IL-13, IL-23, and IL-6 production in vivo. |
| 178 | 25874762 | Following R848 stimulation of pigeon peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, CCL5, and IL-10 mRNA, assessed using quantitative real-time PCR, were significantly up-regulated. |
| 179 | 25873269 | ALDH, CD44, CD133, and HER2 have served as markers to isolate CSCs from a number of tumor types in animal models and human tumors. |
| 180 | 25873269 | Targeting the tumor microenvironment, such as interrupting the immune cell, for example, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and cytokines, for example, IL-6 and IL-8, as well as the immune checkpoint (PD1/PDL1, etc.) may provide additional novel strategies to enhance the immunological targeting of CSCs. |
| 181 | 25826372 | MicroRNA-22 impairs anti-tumor ability of dendritic cells by targeting p38. |
| 182 | 25826372 | In this study, we identified microRNA-22 (miR-22) as a microRNA inhibiting p38 protein expression by directly binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of its mRNA. |
| 183 | 25826372 | The p38 down-regulation further interfered with the synthesis of DC-derived IL-6 and the differentiation of DC-driven Th17 cells. |
| 184 | 25817256 | 4Aβ1-15-Derived Monoclonal Antibody Reduces More Aβ Burdens and Neuroinflammation than Homologous Vaccine in APP/PS1 Mice. |
| 185 | 25817256 | The objective of our study was to observe the effects of 5C8H5, a novel monoclonal antibody derived from 4Aβ1-15, on brain Aβ pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. |
| 186 | 25817256 | The levels of proinflammatory factors, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ, were significantly decreased in the CNS, while the level of antiinflammatory IL-4 was increased. |
| 187 | 25797197 | The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were evaluated. |
| 188 | 25763999 | Here, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with anti-CII IgG antibodies, quantified the expression levels of Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokines, and performed flow cytometric analyses of different T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Tc, Ts, Treg, and CD4(+)CD29(+)T cells to systemically evaluate humoral and cellular immune responses to pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine in normal rats. |
| 189 | 25763999 | Furthermore, no significant changes were observed in the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12(IL-23p40), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, regulated on activation in normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in vaccinated normal rats relative to that in controls(P > 0.05). |
| 190 | 25763999 | However, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels were significantly increased on days 10 and 14, while interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were significantly decreased on days 28 and 35 after vaccination(P < 0.05). |
| 191 | 25763999 | Similarly, there were no significant differences in the percentages of Tc, Ts, Th1/Th2, and Th17 cells between the 2 groups(P > 0.05), with the exception of Treg cells, which were significantly reduced on days 14 and 21 after vaccination (P < 0.05), and CD4(+)CD29(+)T cells, which were significantly increased on days 7 and 14 after vaccination(P < 0.05).Taken together, these results suggested that pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine did not markedly affect the balance of immune system components in vaccinated normal rats, indicating that this DNA vaccine may have clinical applications in the treatment of RA. |
| 192 | 25762540 | In human melanoma biopsies, Mel-ILP treatment upregulated IL1B, IL8, and IL6 associated with their release in patients' locoregional sera. |
| 193 | 25762540 | Although induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells by melphalan in vitro did not elicit threshold levels of endoplasmic reticulum and reactive oxygen species stress associated with danger signals, such as induction of cell-surface calreticulin, prophylactic immunization and T-cell depletion experiments showed that melphalan administration in vivo could stimulate a CD8(+) T cell-dependent protective antitumor response. |
| 194 | 25762540 | Interestingly, the vaccination effect was potentiated in combination with exogenous calreticulin, but not tumor necrosis factor, a cytokine often combined with Mel-ILP. |
| 195 | 25761460 | The levels of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12(p70), and IL-8 were elevated, whereas the IL-1RA/IL-1(α+β) ratio decreased in women with BV. |
| 196 | 25748337 | Upon PFWE treatment, BM-DCs dose-dependently upregulated the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC II and increased the production of IL-12, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α but not for IL-10, which is mediated by TLR4 signaling pathway, at least partially. |
| 197 | 25739319 | Lung samples were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies by using specific antibodies against PRRSV, IL1-α, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and IFN-γ. |
| 198 | 25728020 | This delayed response to innate immune agonists resulted in the reduced production of pro-inflammatory and antiviral cytokines and chemokines including TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, IFNα, IFNγ, CCL2, and CCL7. |
| 199 | 25728020 | PBMCs from old subjects also had a lower frequency of CD40+ monocytes, impaired up-regulation of PD-L1 on monocytes and T cells, and increased expression of PD-L2 and B7-H4 on B cells. |
| 200 | 25724777 | The analysis of cytokine has revealed that rNdk can strongly induce production of IFN-γ as well as proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, MCP1 and IL-6) but not much IL-10, suggesting rNdk elicited predominantly cell-mediated immune responses. |
| 201 | 25697665 | While Braun lipoprotein (Lpp) activates toll-like receptor-2 to initiate an inflammatory cascade, plasminogen activator (Pla) protease facilitates bacterial dissemination in the host. |
| 202 | 25697665 | Importantly, the ability of the Δlpp Δpla double mutant to be phagocytized by macrophages, to stimulate production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and to activate the nitric oxide killing pathways of the host cells remained unaltered when compared to the WT CO92-infected macrophages. |
| 203 | 25680275 | We found that only yeast induced Th17 cell responses through a mechanism that required Dectin-1-mediated expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by Langerhans cells. |
| 204 | 25677543 | Most genes showed increased expression (1) in the distal than in the proximal parts of the small intestine (TLR3, 5, RIG-I, IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-γ); (2) in lymphoid organs (TLR1, 2, 6, 9, 10, IL-10, TNF-α), especially the MLN (TLR4, 7, 8, NOD1, NOD2, NALP3, IFN-α, IL-6, IL-12, and TGF-β), than in intestinal segments. |
| 205 | 25677543 | Most genes showed increased expression (1) in the distal than in the proximal parts of the small intestine (TLR3, 5, RIG-I, IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-γ); (2) in lymphoid organs (TLR1, 2, 6, 9, 10, IL-10, TNF-α), especially the MLN (TLR4, 7, 8, NOD1, NOD2, NALP3, IFN-α, IL-6, IL-12, and TGF-β), than in intestinal segments. |
| 206 | 25677543 | The analysis along the crypt/villus identified: (1) genes with higher expression in lamina propria (TLR1, 2, 4, 9, NOD1, NOD2, IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β, TNF-α) and (2) genes with higher expression in the villus (TLR3, 5, 6, RIG-I, IL-6). |
| 207 | 25677543 | The analysis along the crypt/villus identified: (1) genes with higher expression in lamina propria (TLR1, 2, 4, 9, NOD1, NOD2, IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β, TNF-α) and (2) genes with higher expression in the villus (TLR3, 5, 6, RIG-I, IL-6). |
| 208 | 25673305 | The vaccinated bison had greater (P < 0.05) in vitro production of IFN-γ at all sampling times, greater interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in various samplings after the initial and booster vaccinations, and greater IL-6 production at one sampling time after the booster vaccination. |
| 209 | 25664504 | The percentages of CD3(+), CD3(+)CD8(+), and CD3(+)CD4(+) subgroups of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were significantly higher in mice immunized with pIRES-ORF2/IL6 than in those that had received pIRES-ORF2. |
| 210 | 25655317 | When LL-37-conjugated Ag was administered orally to mice, a tolerogenic Peyer's patch environment was altered to cell populations containing IL-6-secreting CD11c(+), CD11c(+) CD70(+), and Th17 cells capable of evoking a subsequent LL-37-conjugated Ag-specific immune response in both systemic and mucosal immune compartments. |
| 211 | 25633035 | Early Growth Response 3 regulates genes of inflammation and directly activates IL6 and IL8 expression in prostate cancer. |
| 212 | 25596456 | In addition, after a bacterial challenge, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ mRNA significantly increased in the pPPA1(opt)-vaccinated fish but not in the pPPA1(wt)-vaccinated fish. |
| 213 | 25594805 | In the aspect of cytokines, the rSFTSV/NSs-vaccinated mice had a 5- to 10-fold increase in interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α, which probably just had a negative effect on the bodyweight of mice. |
| 214 | 25566261 | We report that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells induced expression of CD86, HLA-DR, and CD40 by B cells and stimulated the release of IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and IgG, IgA, and IgM. |
| 215 | 25566261 | We report that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells induced expression of CD86, HLA-DR, and CD40 by B cells and stimulated the release of IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and IgG, IgA, and IgM. |
| 216 | 25566261 | In contrast, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells induced expression of CD86 and HLA-DR and the release of IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α by DC and these DC stimulated proliferation and IFN-γ production by conventional T cells. |
| 217 | 25566261 | In contrast, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells induced expression of CD86 and HLA-DR and the release of IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α by DC and these DC stimulated proliferation and IFN-γ production by conventional T cells. |
| 218 | 25563963 | The results showed that OPL could significantly promote the phagocytosis of macrophages and induce the secretion of IL-2 and IL-6 in vitro; OPL at high and medium doses could significantly improve the phagocytosic index, promote lymphocyte proliferation, increase the proportion of T lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4(+) and CD8(+)), enhance antibody titer and improve the protective rate in vivo. |
| 219 | 25553348 | Then the cells were cultured on inactivated mouse SNL feeder cells in the presence of LIF, IGF-1, bFGF, CNTF, OSM, SCF, Il-6, and Il-11 growth factors. |
| 220 | 25553348 | Furthermore, the expression of pluripotency (cPouV, Sox2, and Nanog) and cell lineage specific (Cvh, Brachyury, and Gata6) gene markers was evaluated at the level of mRNA using quantitative RT-PCR. |
| 221 | 25553348 | The stemness of embryonic cells has been approved by the activity of the alkaline phosphatase, presence of the SSEA-4, and TRA-1-60 protein, and expression of the molecular marker (cPouV, Nanog, and Sox-2) genes. |
| 222 | 25540284 | Secretion of IL-6, RANTES (CCL5) and IP-10 (CXCL10) were assessed by ELISA. |
| 223 | 25540284 | Secretion of IL-6, RANTES (CCL5) and IP-10 (CXCL10) were assessed by ELISA. |
| 224 | 25540284 | Secretion of IL-6, RANTES (CCL5) and IP-10 (CXCL10) were assessed by ELISA. |
| 225 | 25540284 | MPLA alone was a weak stimulator of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88-dependent IL-6 and did not induce TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent chemokine responses. |
| 226 | 25540284 | MPLA alone was a weak stimulator of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88-dependent IL-6 and did not induce TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent chemokine responses. |
| 227 | 25540284 | MPLA alone was a weak stimulator of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88-dependent IL-6 and did not induce TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent chemokine responses. |
| 228 | 25540284 | MPLA significantly reduced LPS-mediated IL-6 production. |
| 229 | 25540284 | MPLA significantly reduced LPS-mediated IL-6 production. |
| 230 | 25540284 | MPLA significantly reduced LPS-mediated IL-6 production. |
| 231 | 25540284 | This inhibitory effect was also conferred for the TRIF-dependent chemokines RANTES and IP-10. |
| 232 | 25540284 | This inhibitory effect was also conferred for the TRIF-dependent chemokines RANTES and IP-10. |
| 233 | 25540284 | This inhibitory effect was also conferred for the TRIF-dependent chemokines RANTES and IP-10. |
| 234 | 25493691 | IL-17A expression in HIV-specific CD8 T cells is regulated by IL-4/IL-13 following HIV-1 prime-boost immunization. |
| 235 | 25493691 | IL-17A expression in HIV-specific CD8 T cells is regulated by IL-4/IL-13 following HIV-1 prime-boost immunization. |
| 236 | 25493691 | Our previous studies have shown that vaccination of IL-4 and IL-13 gene knockout (KO) mice can induce high-avidity HIV K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells with better protective efficacy. |
| 237 | 25493691 | Our previous studies have shown that vaccination of IL-4 and IL-13 gene knockout (KO) mice can induce high-avidity HIV K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells with better protective efficacy. |
| 238 | 25493691 | In this study, when IL-13, IL-4, STAT6 KO, and wild-type BALB/c mice were prime-boost immunized with an HIV poxviral modality, elevated numbers of IL-17A(+) splenic K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were observed in all the KO mice compared with the wt BALB/c control. |
| 239 | 25493691 | In this study, when IL-13, IL-4, STAT6 KO, and wild-type BALB/c mice were prime-boost immunized with an HIV poxviral modality, elevated numbers of IL-17A(+) splenic K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were observed in all the KO mice compared with the wt BALB/c control. |
| 240 | 25493691 | Similarly, when wt BALB/c mice were immunized with IL-13Rα2-adjuvanted HIV vaccines (that transiently inhibited IL-13 activity and induced high-avidity CD8 T cells with enhanced protective efficacy), elevated IL-17A(+) K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were detected both in the lung and the spleen. |
| 241 | 25493691 | Similarly, when wt BALB/c mice were immunized with IL-13Rα2-adjuvanted HIV vaccines (that transiently inhibited IL-13 activity and induced high-avidity CD8 T cells with enhanced protective efficacy), elevated IL-17A(+) K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells were detected both in the lung and the spleen. |
| 242 | 25493691 | However, at the transcriptional level, elevated TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, and IL-17A mRNA copy numbers were mainly detected in IL-4 KO, but not the IL-13 KO mice. |
| 243 | 25493691 | However, at the transcriptional level, elevated TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, and IL-17A mRNA copy numbers were mainly detected in IL-4 KO, but not the IL-13 KO mice. |
| 244 | 25493691 | These data suggested that TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, but not IL-23a, played a role in IL-17A regulation in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 245 | 25493691 | These data suggested that TGF-β, IL-6, ROR-γt, but not IL-23a, played a role in IL-17A regulation in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells. |
| 246 | 25493691 | Collectively, our findings suggest that IL-4 and IL-13 differentially regulate the expression of IL-17A in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells at the transcriptional and translational level, respectively, implicating IL-17A as an indirect modulator of CD8 T cell avidity and protective immunity. |
| 247 | 25493691 | Collectively, our findings suggest that IL-4 and IL-13 differentially regulate the expression of IL-17A in K(d)Gag197-205-specific CD8 T cells at the transcriptional and translational level, respectively, implicating IL-17A as an indirect modulator of CD8 T cell avidity and protective immunity. |
| 248 | 25485716 | Mice immunized with IB010 had significantly lower post-infection tissue bacterial loads and significantly lower serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 compared to control mice in a mouse model of disseminated A. baumannii infection. |
| 249 | 25485483 | The immune associated genes, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), ciclo-oxigenase-2 (COX-2), and Mx gene were studied by real-time PCR in head-kidney leucocytes of sea bass after incubation with the extracellular products (ECPs) of the probiotic strain Vagococcus fluvialis L21 and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (POLY I:C), at different times (T1.5, T6, T12, T24, T48 and T72). |
| 250 | 25485483 | The immune associated genes, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), ciclo-oxigenase-2 (COX-2), and Mx gene were studied by real-time PCR in head-kidney leucocytes of sea bass after incubation with the extracellular products (ECPs) of the probiotic strain Vagococcus fluvialis L21 and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (POLY I:C), at different times (T1.5, T6, T12, T24, T48 and T72). |
| 251 | 25485483 | In general, we can observe how pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2 studied displayed a strong peak after stimulation with 1.5 h of ECPs of V. fluvialis L21, significant differences (P < 0.05) exist with other periods and with the POLY I: C at the same time. |
| 252 | 25485483 | In general, we can observe how pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2 studied displayed a strong peak after stimulation with 1.5 h of ECPs of V. fluvialis L21, significant differences (P < 0.05) exist with other periods and with the POLY I: C at the same time. |
| 253 | 25485483 | Similarly to the case of IL-10 also produced a statistically significant (P < 0.05) peak of expression on leukocytes that were stimulated with the ECPs of V. fluvialis L21. |
| 254 | 25485483 | Similarly to the case of IL-10 also produced a statistically significant (P < 0.05) peak of expression on leukocytes that were stimulated with the ECPs of V. fluvialis L21. |
| 255 | 25483333 | The significantly higher small intestinal HRV IgA antibody responses coincided with higher IL-6, IL-10 and APRIL responses of ileal mononuclear cells (MNCs) and the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics genomic DNA on TGF-β and IL-10 responses. |
| 256 | 25467888 | The levels of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) antibody against the vaccine, the concentrations of Hsp70 and IL-6 in serum and Hsp70 in tissues, and the mRNA expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) and tumor suppressor p53 were detected, the hematology of the piglets were analyzed, and the histopathology and the status of apoptosis of the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs was examined. |
| 257 | 25467888 | The levels of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) antibody against the vaccine, the concentrations of Hsp70 and IL-6 in serum and Hsp70 in tissues, and the mRNA expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) and tumor suppressor p53 were detected, the hematology of the piglets were analyzed, and the histopathology and the status of apoptosis of the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs was examined. |
| 258 | 25467888 | The results showed changes in several indicators in the FLO group 1 day post-withdrawal: the concentration of red blood cells (RBCs) was decreased, and that of platelets (PLTs) was significantly lower (p<0.05); the volumes of RBC and PLT were increased; the sum of blood lymphocytes was statistically decreased (p<0.05); the concentration of IL-6 was significantly increased (p<0.05); the concentrations of Hsp70 in serum and tissues were increased; obvious atrophy of the hematopoietic cell lines and partial replacement by fat cells were observed in bone marrow; thymus and spleen tissues showed lower concentrations and sparser arrangement of lymphocytes in the thymic medulla and white pulp of the spleen respectively; and the mRNA expression levels of bcl-2 in the three tissues were up-regulated, while that of p53 was down-regulated. |
| 259 | 25467888 | The results showed changes in several indicators in the FLO group 1 day post-withdrawal: the concentration of red blood cells (RBCs) was decreased, and that of platelets (PLTs) was significantly lower (p<0.05); the volumes of RBC and PLT were increased; the sum of blood lymphocytes was statistically decreased (p<0.05); the concentration of IL-6 was significantly increased (p<0.05); the concentrations of Hsp70 in serum and tissues were increased; obvious atrophy of the hematopoietic cell lines and partial replacement by fat cells were observed in bone marrow; thymus and spleen tissues showed lower concentrations and sparser arrangement of lymphocytes in the thymic medulla and white pulp of the spleen respectively; and the mRNA expression levels of bcl-2 in the three tissues were up-regulated, while that of p53 was down-regulated. |
| 260 | 25467796 | Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells stimulated with OprI-OVA fusion lipoprotein produced high levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and also IL-10, IL-12(p70) and IL-27, while TGF-β and IL-23 were not detected. |
| 261 | 25461799 | CPMVs-immunized mice generated long lasting serum IgG, IgA, IgM as well as mucosal sIgA and also elicited a higher percentage of CD4+ T cell distribution in spleen. |
| 262 | 25461799 | Our study revealed that in vitro CPMVs-activated dendritic cells were secreting T cell polarizing cytokines, IL-12p40, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-1β. |
| 263 | 25461799 | Moreover, purified splenic CD4+ T cells of immunized mice also secreted IL-4, IL-13 and IL-17 cytokines, indicating the initiation of Th2 and Th17 cell mediated immune responses. |
| 264 | 25454862 | Further analysis proved that co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC-II), regulatory protein (IRF-7 and TRAF-6) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and IL-12) were all changed and involved in DCs maturation. |
| 265 | 25453291 | In vivo test, 14-day-old chickens vaccinated with ND vaccine were injected respectively with sAMP(9) and AMP, the peripheral lymphocytes proliferation, serum antibody titer, IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 contents were determined. |
| 266 | 25453291 | In vivo test, 14-day-old chickens vaccinated with ND vaccine were injected respectively with sAMP(9) and AMP, the peripheral lymphocytes proliferation, serum antibody titer, IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 contents were determined. |
| 267 | 25453291 | The results displayed that the sAMP could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation and elevate the antibody titers and content of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 in comparison with unmodified AMP. |
| 268 | 25453291 | The results displayed that the sAMP could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation and elevate the antibody titers and content of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 in comparison with unmodified AMP. |
| 269 | 25449574 | Apart from IFN-γ, NS4b(228-237-), NS2a(73-81-) and E(298-306)-specific CD8(+) cells produced TNF-α and IL-6 simultaneously, whereas M(141-149-) and NS5(475-484-) CD8(+) cells produced only IL-6. |
| 270 | 25424812 | In the investigation reported here an Aβ 1-42 peptide vaccine was administered to 16-month old APP+PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice in which Aβ deposition, cognitive memory deficits as well as levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in response to the vaccination regimen. |
| 271 | 25424812 | After vaccination, the anti-Aβ 1-42 antibody-producing mice demonstrated a significant reduction in the sera levels of 4 pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1 α, and IL-12). |
| 272 | 25421457 | Cytokine and chemokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid indicated surface chemistry dependence on modest secretion of IL-6, IP-10, and MCP-1; however, there was no evidence of any deleterious histopathological changes. |
| 273 | 25401327 | We hypothesized that the initial inflammatory events are initiated upon ligation of mycoplasma lipid associated membrane proteins (LAMP) to TLRs expressed on chicken tracheal epithelial cells (TEC). |
| 274 | 25401327 | We hypothesized that the initial inflammatory events are initiated upon ligation of mycoplasma lipid associated membrane proteins (LAMP) to TLRs expressed on chicken tracheal epithelial cells (TEC). |
| 275 | 25401327 | To test this hypothesis, live bacteria or LAMPs isolated from a virulent (R(low)) or a non-virulent (R(high)) strain were incubated with primary TECs or chicken tracheae ex vivo. |
| 276 | 25401327 | To test this hypothesis, live bacteria or LAMPs isolated from a virulent (R(low)) or a non-virulent (R(high)) strain were incubated with primary TECs or chicken tracheae ex vivo. |
| 277 | 25401327 | Among the commonly up-regulated genes were IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, CCL-20, and NOS-2, all of which are important immune-modulators and/or chemo-attractants of leukocytes. |
| 278 | 25401327 | Among the commonly up-regulated genes were IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, CCL-20, and NOS-2, all of which are important immune-modulators and/or chemo-attractants of leukocytes. |
| 279 | 25401327 | Upon addition of a TLR-2 inhibitor, LAMP-mediated gene expression of IL-1β and CCL-20 was reduced by almost 5-fold while expression of IL-12p40, IL-6, IL-8 and NOS-2 mRNA was reduced by about 2-3 fold. |
| 280 | 25401327 | Upon addition of a TLR-2 inhibitor, LAMP-mediated gene expression of IL-1β and CCL-20 was reduced by almost 5-fold while expression of IL-12p40, IL-6, IL-8 and NOS-2 mRNA was reduced by about 2-3 fold. |
| 281 | 25401327 | Taken together we conclude that LAMPs isolated from both R(high) and R(low) induced rapid, TLR-2 dependent but transient up-regulation of inflammatory genes in primary TECs through an NF-κB dependent pathway. |
| 282 | 25401327 | Taken together we conclude that LAMPs isolated from both R(high) and R(low) induced rapid, TLR-2 dependent but transient up-regulation of inflammatory genes in primary TECs through an NF-κB dependent pathway. |
| 283 | 25383637 | Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of RANTES, interferon-γ, interferon-β, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were increased in infected animals. |
| 284 | 25376024 | Lm infection stimulated cytokine secretion [interleukin (IL)-12p70, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6] and Th-1 skewing of allogeneic naive CD4 T cells by HIV-moDCs, in contrast to the suppressive effects observed by HIV plasma on moDCs on toll-like receptor ligand stimulation. |
| 285 | 25367297 | CD14(+)CD16(+) inflammatory monocytes were induced after vaccination in both young and older adults. |
| 286 | 25367297 | In classical CD14(+)CD16(-) and inflammatory monocytes, production of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6, as measured by intracellular staining, was strongly induced after vaccination. |
| 287 | 25367297 | In purified monocytes, we found age-associated elevation in phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, and decreased serine 359 phosphorylation of the negative IL-10 regulator dual-specificity phosphatase 1. |
| 288 | 25363661 | Cultured supernatant from in vitro-treated primary human GBM cells were also shown to increase suppression, which was independent of accessory suppressor cells or T regulatory cell generation, and could act directly on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation. |
| 289 | 25363661 | While a number of key immunosuppressive cytokines were overexpressed in the treated cells, including IL-10, IL-6 and GM-CSF, suppression could be alleviated in a number of treated GBM lines by inhibition of prostaglandin E2. |
| 290 | 25351849 | Multivariate Cox regression analysis of prevaccination factors showed that plasma IL6, IP-10, and BAFF levels were significantly prognostic for OS [hazard ratio (HR), 1.508, P = 0.043; HR, 1.579, P = 0.024; HR, 0.509, P = 0.002, respectively]. |
| 291 | 25307140 | Interestingly, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels were obviously increased both in the serum and hippocampus of the AIV+Pre group (with a T helper-1 like response; Th1) compared with the Pre group (with a T helper-2 like response; Th2) at G14, whereas the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, the proinflammatory factors, was significantly reduced. |
| 292 | 25288643 | Cytokine profiles in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage from uninfected vaccinated mice showed an innate and adaptive immune profile (i.e. upregulation of colony stimulating factors, interferons, TNF-α, chemokines such as MCP-1, MIP-1α, RANTES and KC, and Th17-activating cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17). |
| 293 | 25286253 | We show that OmpA of S. flexneri 2a activates B cells to produce protective cytokines, IL-6 and IL-10 as well as facilitates their differentiation into antibody secreting cells (ASCs). |
| 294 | 25286253 | We also report here that B cell activation by OmpA is mediated strictly through recognition by TLR2, resulting in initiation of cascades of signal transduction events, involving increased phosphorylation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), ERK and IκBα, leading to nuclear translocation of NF-κB. |
| 295 | 25267176 | The expression levels of granzyme K and CD8 in DNA-vaccinated chickens were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in unvaccinated chickens upon IBDV challenge at 0.5 or 1 dpc. |
| 296 | 25267176 | Bursal transcripts related to innate immunity and inflammation, including TLR3, MDA5, IFN-α, IFN-β, IRF-1, IRF-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, iNOS, granzyme A, granzyme K and IL-10, were upregulated or significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated at 3 dpc and later in unvaccinated chickens challenged with IBDV. |
| 297 | 25267176 | The expression levels of genes related to immune cell regulation, apoptosis and glucose transport, including CD4, CD8, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-12(p40), IL-18, GM-CSF, GATA-3, p53, glucose transporter-2 and glucose transporter-3, were upregulated or significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated at 3 dpc and later in unvaccinated chickens challenged with IBDV. |
| 298 | 25267176 | Taken together, the results indicate that the bursal transcriptome involved in innate immunity, inflammation, immune cell regulation, apoptosis and glucose transport, except for granzyme K and CD8, was not differentially expressed in DNA-vaccinated chickens protected from IBDV challenge. |
| 299 | 25254971 | We found no activation or even reduction in base-line expression for multiple molecules (IL-7, IL-4, IL-13, GATA3, ROR-γt, and CXCL12) at 2, 6 and 10 days post-infection. |
| 300 | 25254971 | This selective impairment in type 2-related immune responses correlated with a significant activation of the genes for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, as well as CXCR3- and CXCR1-related chemokines in inflamed tissues. |
| 301 | 25254971 | The elevated angiopoietin (Ang)-2 expression and Ang-2/Ang-1 ratios suggested excessive inflammation and the loss of endothelial integrity. |
| 302 | 25250027 | TLR2 Signaling is Required for the Innate, but Not Adaptive Response to LVS clpB. |
| 303 | 25250027 | We sought to determine whether TLR2 signaling was required during the immune response to LVS clpB. |
| 304 | 25250027 | TLR2 knock-out (TLR2 KO) mice previously infected with LVS clpB are completely protected during a lethal challenge with LVS. |
| 305 | 25250027 | Furthermore, the kinetics and magnitude of the primary T-cell response in B6 and TLR2 KO mice are similar indicating that TLR2 signaling is dispensable for the adaptive immune response to LVS clpB. |
| 306 | 25250027 | TLR2 signaling was important, however, for the innate immune response to LVS clpB. |
| 307 | 25250027 | IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-17, MIP-1α, and TNF-α production depended on TLR2 signaling, while GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and VEGF production were completely independent of TLR2 signaling. |
| 308 | 25250027 | IL-6, IL-12, IP-10, KC, and MIG production were partially dependent on TLR2 signaling. |
| 309 | 25250027 | Together our data indicate that the innate immune response to LVS clpB requires TLR2 signaling for the maximal innate response, whereas TLR2 is not required for the adaptive immune response. |
| 310 | 25248345 | The concentrations of human TNF-α, IL-1β/IL-1F2, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured by a high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 311 | 25248345 | The soluble forms of TLR-2, TLR-4, and TLR-7 were determined in serum samples by ELISA as well. |
| 312 | 25242652 | Spleen cells from mice receiving galactosylated liposomes were restimulated with OVA and showed significantly augmented levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 313 | 25240755 | PLA-p24 captured by MDDCs from HIV-1 individuals induced a slight degree of MDDC maturation, cytokine and chemokine secretion and migration towards a gradient of CCL19 chemokine and highly increased HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell proliferation compared with p24 alone. |
| 314 | 25240755 | After complete maturation induction of PLA-p24-pulsed MDDCs, maximal migration towards a gradient of CCL19 chemokine and induction of HIV-specific T-cell proliferation (two-fold higher for CD4(+) than CD8(+)) and cytokine secretion (IFN-γ and IL-2) in the co-culture were observed. |
| 315 | 25240755 | MDDCs infected with MVA-gag and MVA-gag trans-membrane were able to induce HIV-specific CD8(+) proliferation and secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α. |
| 316 | 25240754 | Although comparable levels of antigen-specific IgG2a and IgG1 were observed in immunized mice, high amounts of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-6, no detectable level of IL-4 and very low levels of IL-10 and IL-5 were produced by splenocytes of vaccinated mice suggesting induction of a Th1 dominant immune response by DnaK. |
| 317 | 25217614 | IFN-γ, IL-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide were strongly induced by SH infection, and may be associated with the pathogenicity of the SH strain. |
| 318 | 25217614 | IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-stimulated transmembrane protein 1, IFN-stimulated gene 12, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like and IL-6 were moderately induced by SH infection at 24 h p.i., and dramatically induced by FC64 infection at 36 h p.i. |
| 319 | 25200734 | The peritoneal and consequently spleen CD19(+) cells are activated by the F. tularensis LVS infection to express the activation markers from MHC class II, CD25, CD54, CD69, and the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. |
| 320 | 25200734 | As early as 12 h post-infection, the peritoneal CD19(+) cells produce IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α. |
| 321 | 25149304 | The most utilized Elispot assay is the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) test, a marker for CD8(+) CTL activation, but Elispot can also be used to distinguish different subsets of activated T cells by using other cytokines such as T-helper (Th) 1-type cells (characterized by the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-21, and TNF-α), Th2 (producing cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13), and Th17 (IL-17) cells. |
| 322 | 25139337 | Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate immune response genes were evaluated for associations with measles- and rubella-specific neutralizing antibodies, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-6 secretion in two separate association analyses in a cohort of healthy immunized subjects. |
| 323 | 25139337 | Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate immune response genes were evaluated for associations with measles- and rubella-specific neutralizing antibodies, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-6 secretion in two separate association analyses in a cohort of healthy immunized subjects. |
| 324 | 25139337 | Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate immune response genes were evaluated for associations with measles- and rubella-specific neutralizing antibodies, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-6 secretion in two separate association analyses in a cohort of healthy immunized subjects. |
| 325 | 25139337 | We identified six SNP associations shared between the measles-specific and rubella-specific immune responses, specifically neutralizing antibody titers (DDX58), secreted IL-6 (IL10RB, IL12B), and secreted IFN-γ (IFNAR2, TLR4). |
| 326 | 25139337 | We identified six SNP associations shared between the measles-specific and rubella-specific immune responses, specifically neutralizing antibody titers (DDX58), secreted IL-6 (IL10RB, IL12B), and secreted IFN-γ (IFNAR2, TLR4). |
| 327 | 25139337 | We identified six SNP associations shared between the measles-specific and rubella-specific immune responses, specifically neutralizing antibody titers (DDX58), secreted IL-6 (IL10RB, IL12B), and secreted IFN-γ (IFNAR2, TLR4). |
| 328 | 25139337 | Significant associations were also found between IL10RB (rs2284552; measles study p value 0.006, rubella study p value 0.00008) and IL12B (rs2546893; measles study p value 0.005, rubella study p value 0.03) gene polymorphisms and variations in both measles- and rubella virus-specific IL-6 responses. |
| 329 | 25139337 | Significant associations were also found between IL10RB (rs2284552; measles study p value 0.006, rubella study p value 0.00008) and IL12B (rs2546893; measles study p value 0.005, rubella study p value 0.03) gene polymorphisms and variations in both measles- and rubella virus-specific IL-6 responses. |
| 330 | 25139337 | Significant associations were also found between IL10RB (rs2284552; measles study p value 0.006, rubella study p value 0.00008) and IL12B (rs2546893; measles study p value 0.005, rubella study p value 0.03) gene polymorphisms and variations in both measles- and rubella virus-specific IL-6 responses. |
| 331 | 25139337 | We also identified associations between individual SNPs in the IFNAR2 and TLR4 genes that were associated with IFN-γ secretion for both measles and rubella vaccine-specific immune responses. |
| 332 | 25139337 | We also identified associations between individual SNPs in the IFNAR2 and TLR4 genes that were associated with IFN-γ secretion for both measles and rubella vaccine-specific immune responses. |
| 333 | 25139337 | We also identified associations between individual SNPs in the IFNAR2 and TLR4 genes that were associated with IFN-γ secretion for both measles and rubella vaccine-specific immune responses. |
| 334 | 25139181 | Pro-inflammatory mediators elevated during varicella included interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), interferon inducible T-cell α chemoattractant protein (I-TAC), interferon processing protein (IP-10), and anti-inflammatory interleukin-1 Receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). |
| 335 | 25139181 | Pro-inflammatory mediators elevated during varicella included interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), interferon inducible T-cell α chemoattractant protein (I-TAC), interferon processing protein (IP-10), and anti-inflammatory interleukin-1 Receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). |
| 336 | 25139181 | After immunosuppression and at reactivation, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators MCP-1, eotaxin, IL-6, IL-8, MIF, RANTES (regulated-on-activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted), and HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) were elevated, as was the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-1Ra. |
| 337 | 25139181 | After immunosuppression and at reactivation, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators MCP-1, eotaxin, IL-6, IL-8, MIF, RANTES (regulated-on-activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted), and HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) were elevated, as was the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-1Ra. |
| 338 | 25128713 | The frequency of CD4+ cells among TCRαβ+ lymphocytes, as well as that of reactivated CD134(OX40)+ cells within its CD4+ T-lymphocyte subpopulation, was less in spinal cords of aged compared with young rats. |
| 339 | 25128713 | Additionally, CD134 surface density on CD4+ lymphocytes was decreased in the spinal cord of aged rats. |
| 340 | 25128713 | The changes in CD134 expression most likely reflected in part age-related intrinsic changes in CD4+ lymphocytes as the expression of this molecule was also impaired on in vitro stimulated naïve CD4+ splenocytes from aged rats compared with young animals. |
| 341 | 25128713 | In addition, greater frequency of CD8+ lymphocytes with regulatory phenotypes could also contribute to impaired CD4+ cell reactivation in aged rats. |
| 342 | 25128713 | The increased apoptosis of CD4+ cells from aged rats was consistent with their impaired reactivation and it was accompanied by the greater frequency of CD4+CD11b+CD45(int/high) cells, which are supposed to be actively engaged in apoptotic cell phagocytosis and to have immunoregulatory properties. |
| 343 | 25128713 | Compared with young rats, following short-term PMA and ionomycin stimulation in vitro, the frequency of IL-17+ and IFN-γ+CD4+ T lymphocytes among the spinal cord mononuclear cells from aged rats and the cytokine expression density on a per lymphocyte basis were reduced. |
| 344 | 25128713 | Additionally, the increase in the proportion of autoregulatory IL-17+IL-10+ cells on the account of proinflammatory IL-17+IFN-γ+ cells within IL-17+ lymphocytes suggested their lower pathogenic capacity in aged rats. |
| 345 | 25128713 | This most likely reflected alterations in the aged rat spinal cord cytokine milieu, which were mirrored in a diminished expression of IL-1β mRNA followed by an enhanced expression of IL-6 and TGF-β mRNA. |
| 346 | 25125502 | Whole blood was incubated in the presence of influenza vaccine and dexamethasone to evaluate production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). |
| 347 | 25125502 | Whole blood was incubated in the presence of influenza vaccine and dexamethasone to evaluate production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). |
| 348 | 25125502 | Multiple regression models controlling for age, gender, and grade point average revealed a negative relationship between PSS and GCS for vaccine-stimulated production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. |
| 349 | 25125502 | Multiple regression models controlling for age, gender, and grade point average revealed a negative relationship between PSS and GCS for vaccine-stimulated production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. |
| 350 | 25124941 | Mice immunised with the ADAD system were able to up-regulate proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and induce high IgG2a levels. |
| 351 | 25123824 | High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) acts as an endogenous danger molecule that is released from necrotic cells and activated macrophages. |
| 352 | 25123824 | Hp91-induced secretion of IL-6 was dependent on clathrin- and dynamin-driven endocytosis of Hp91 and mediated through a MyD88- and TLR4-dependent pathway involving p38 MAPK and NFκB. |
| 353 | 25108787 | Increased expression of IGHG1, IL6, IL1α, and IL1RN in bovine tick bite-site biopsies suggests that Th2 differentiation may be important for the local bovine response to A. americanum ticks. |
| 354 | 25108787 | The up-regulation of IL12 and IL23 in blood leukocytes from Lone Star tick-infested calves of all phenotypes suggests a possible systemic recruitment of memory T cells. |
| 355 | 25098560 | Our data indicate that SNPs near the butyrophilin genes (BTN3A3/BTN2A1) and cytokine receptors (IL10RB/IFNAR1) are associated with variations in IFNγ secretion and that multiple SNPs in the PVR gene, as well as SNPs located in the ADAR gene, exhibit significant associations with rubella virus-specific IL-6 secretion. |
| 356 | 25081109 | Peritoneal exudate cells from long-lived rats exhibit increased IL-10/IL-1β expression ratio and preserved NO/urea ratio following LPS-stimulation in vitro. |
| 357 | 25081109 | Peritoneal exudate cells from long-lived rats exhibit increased IL-10/IL-1β expression ratio and preserved NO/urea ratio following LPS-stimulation in vitro. |
| 358 | 25081109 | Peritoneal exudate cells from long-lived rats exhibit increased IL-10/IL-1β expression ratio and preserved NO/urea ratio following LPS-stimulation in vitro. |
| 359 | 25081109 | Peritoneal exudate cells from long-lived rats exhibit increased IL-10/IL-1β expression ratio and preserved NO/urea ratio following LPS-stimulation in vitro. |
| 360 | 25081109 | Therefore, we examined (i) cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) profile of fresh peritoneal cells from 6- (adult), 24- (old), and 31-month-old (long-lived) AO rats and (ii) proinflammatory (IL-1β and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine, NO, and urea production in their LPS-stimulated cultures. |
| 361 | 25081109 | Therefore, we examined (i) cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) profile of fresh peritoneal cells from 6- (adult), 24- (old), and 31-month-old (long-lived) AO rats and (ii) proinflammatory (IL-1β and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine, NO, and urea production in their LPS-stimulated cultures. |
| 362 | 25081109 | Therefore, we examined (i) cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) profile of fresh peritoneal cells from 6- (adult), 24- (old), and 31-month-old (long-lived) AO rats and (ii) proinflammatory (IL-1β and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine, NO, and urea production in their LPS-stimulated cultures. |
| 363 | 25081109 | Therefore, we examined (i) cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) profile of fresh peritoneal cells from 6- (adult), 24- (old), and 31-month-old (long-lived) AO rats and (ii) proinflammatory (IL-1β and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine, NO, and urea production in their LPS-stimulated cultures. |
| 364 | 25081109 | Comparing with adult rats, cells from old ones expressed lower amount of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNAs, but greater amount of IL-1β mRNA. |
| 365 | 25081109 | Comparing with adult rats, cells from old ones expressed lower amount of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNAs, but greater amount of IL-1β mRNA. |
| 366 | 25081109 | Comparing with adult rats, cells from old ones expressed lower amount of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNAs, but greater amount of IL-1β mRNA. |
| 367 | 25081109 | Comparing with adult rats, cells from old ones expressed lower amount of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNAs, but greater amount of IL-1β mRNA. |
| 368 | 25081109 | On the other hand, cells from long-lived rats exhibited a dramatic increase in IL-10 mRNA expression followed by diminished TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression, and comparable expression of IL-1β mRNA relative to adult rats. |
| 369 | 25081109 | On the other hand, cells from long-lived rats exhibited a dramatic increase in IL-10 mRNA expression followed by diminished TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression, and comparable expression of IL-1β mRNA relative to adult rats. |
| 370 | 25081109 | On the other hand, cells from long-lived rats exhibited a dramatic increase in IL-10 mRNA expression followed by diminished TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression, and comparable expression of IL-1β mRNA relative to adult rats. |
| 371 | 25081109 | On the other hand, cells from long-lived rats exhibited a dramatic increase in IL-10 mRNA expression followed by diminished TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression, and comparable expression of IL-1β mRNA relative to adult rats. |
| 372 | 25081109 | Consequently, IL-10/IL-1β mRNA ratio was greater in cells from long-lived rats than in adult and old rats. |
| 373 | 25081109 | Consequently, IL-10/IL-1β mRNA ratio was greater in cells from long-lived rats than in adult and old rats. |
| 374 | 25081109 | Consequently, IL-10/IL-1β mRNA ratio was greater in cells from long-lived rats than in adult and old rats. |
| 375 | 25081109 | Consequently, IL-10/IL-1β mRNA ratio was greater in cells from long-lived rats than in adult and old rats. |
| 376 | 25081109 | Comparing with adult and old rats, in LPS-stimulated macrophage cultures from long-lived rats, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were lower; IL-1β concentration was comparable or greater (in respect to adult rats), whereas that of IL-10 was strikingly higher. |
| 377 | 25081109 | Comparing with adult and old rats, in LPS-stimulated macrophage cultures from long-lived rats, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were lower; IL-1β concentration was comparable or greater (in respect to adult rats), whereas that of IL-10 was strikingly higher. |
| 378 | 25081109 | Comparing with adult and old rats, in LPS-stimulated macrophage cultures from long-lived rats, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were lower; IL-1β concentration was comparable or greater (in respect to adult rats), whereas that of IL-10 was strikingly higher. |
| 379 | 25081109 | Comparing with adult and old rats, in LPS-stimulated macrophage cultures from long-lived rats, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were lower; IL-1β concentration was comparable or greater (in respect to adult rats), whereas that of IL-10 was strikingly higher. |
| 380 | 25075718 | AJS75 induced or up-regulated the protein expression of 12 cytokines (IL-12p40, IL-12p40/p70, IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, sTNFR I, sTNFR III, IL-3 and IL-9) and 10 chemokines (Eotaxin, I-TAC, MIG, MIP-1α, RANTES, TECK, Fracatlkine, FasL, M-CSF and GM-CSF) in the injected muscles. |
| 381 | 25073113 | Quantitative-PCR and immunofluorescence staining results indicate that SARS-CoV is capable of replication in HL-CZ cells, and of displaying virus-induced cytopathic effects and increased levels of TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-6 two days post-infection. |
| 382 | 25073113 | According to flow cytometry data, the HL-CZ cells also expressed angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, a SARS-CoV receptor) and higher levels of the FcγRII receptor. |
| 383 | 25066736 | Allergic diseases are characterized by immune dysregulation, with increases in IL-4 and IL-6, both of which exert negative effects on Treg function. |
| 384 | 25036145 | Day-3 mature DCs were generated from day-2 immature DCs by adding cocktails composed of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PEG2. |
| 385 | 25019567 | Recombinant TB10.4 of Mycobacterium bovis induces cytokine production in RAW264.7 macrophages through activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways via TLR2. |
| 386 | 25019567 | Recombinant TB10.4 of Mycobacterium bovis induces cytokine production in RAW264.7 macrophages through activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways via TLR2. |
| 387 | 25019567 | Recombinant TB10.4 of Mycobacterium bovis induces cytokine production in RAW264.7 macrophages through activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways via TLR2. |
| 388 | 25019567 | Recombinant TB10.4 of Mycobacterium bovis induces cytokine production in RAW264.7 macrophages through activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways via TLR2. |
| 389 | 25019567 | The TB10.4 antigen of Mycobacterium bovis/Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces a strong Th1 CD4+ T-cell response. |
| 390 | 25019567 | The TB10.4 antigen of Mycobacterium bovis/Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces a strong Th1 CD4+ T-cell response. |
| 391 | 25019567 | The TB10.4 antigen of Mycobacterium bovis/Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces a strong Th1 CD4+ T-cell response. |
| 392 | 25019567 | The TB10.4 antigen of Mycobacterium bovis/Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces a strong Th1 CD4+ T-cell response. |
| 393 | 25019567 | Here, as stimulated RAW264.7 cells with recombinant TB10.4 (rTB10.4), derived from M. bovis, increased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 secretin in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 394 | 25019567 | Here, as stimulated RAW264.7 cells with recombinant TB10.4 (rTB10.4), derived from M. bovis, increased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 secretin in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 395 | 25019567 | Here, as stimulated RAW264.7 cells with recombinant TB10.4 (rTB10.4), derived from M. bovis, increased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 secretin in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 396 | 25019567 | Here, as stimulated RAW264.7 cells with recombinant TB10.4 (rTB10.4), derived from M. bovis, increased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 secretin in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 397 | 25019567 | Blocking assays showed that TLR2-, but not TLR4-neutralizing antibody reduced expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 in RAW264.7 cells. rTB10.4 stimulation activated p38 kinase (p38) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) was TLR2-dependent, whereas inhibition of p38 and ERK activity significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 production. |
| 398 | 25019567 | Blocking assays showed that TLR2-, but not TLR4-neutralizing antibody reduced expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 in RAW264.7 cells. rTB10.4 stimulation activated p38 kinase (p38) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) was TLR2-dependent, whereas inhibition of p38 and ERK activity significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 production. |
| 399 | 25019567 | Blocking assays showed that TLR2-, but not TLR4-neutralizing antibody reduced expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 in RAW264.7 cells. rTB10.4 stimulation activated p38 kinase (p38) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) was TLR2-dependent, whereas inhibition of p38 and ERK activity significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 production. |
| 400 | 25019567 | Blocking assays showed that TLR2-, but not TLR4-neutralizing antibody reduced expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 in RAW264.7 cells. rTB10.4 stimulation activated p38 kinase (p38) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) was TLR2-dependent, whereas inhibition of p38 and ERK activity significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 production. |
| 401 | 25019567 | Furthermore, rTB10.4 stimulation of RAW264.7 cells resulted in TLR2-mediated activation of NF-κB and induced translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus via IκBα degradation. rTB10.4-induced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 release was attenuated by the specific IκB phosphorylation inhibitor, BAY 11-7082. |
| 402 | 25019567 | Furthermore, rTB10.4 stimulation of RAW264.7 cells resulted in TLR2-mediated activation of NF-κB and induced translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus via IκBα degradation. rTB10.4-induced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 release was attenuated by the specific IκB phosphorylation inhibitor, BAY 11-7082. |
| 403 | 25019567 | Furthermore, rTB10.4 stimulation of RAW264.7 cells resulted in TLR2-mediated activation of NF-κB and induced translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus via IκBα degradation. rTB10.4-induced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 release was attenuated by the specific IκB phosphorylation inhibitor, BAY 11-7082. |
| 404 | 25019567 | Furthermore, rTB10.4 stimulation of RAW264.7 cells resulted in TLR2-mediated activation of NF-κB and induced translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus via IκBα degradation. rTB10.4-induced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 release was attenuated by the specific IκB phosphorylation inhibitor, BAY 11-7082. |
| 405 | 25019567 | These findings indicate that the M. bovis-derived rTB10.4 induced production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 involves p38, ERK and NF-κB via the TLR2 pathway. |
| 406 | 25019567 | These findings indicate that the M. bovis-derived rTB10.4 induced production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 involves p38, ERK and NF-κB via the TLR2 pathway. |
| 407 | 25019567 | These findings indicate that the M. bovis-derived rTB10.4 induced production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 involves p38, ERK and NF-κB via the TLR2 pathway. |
| 408 | 25019567 | These findings indicate that the M. bovis-derived rTB10.4 induced production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 involves p38, ERK and NF-κB via the TLR2 pathway. |
| 409 | 25012000 | Our data showed significant differential up-regulation of IFN-γ, IL-8 (CXCLi2) and MIP-1β genes and suppression of IL-6 gene expression being associated with inhibition of IBV replication in lungs tissue retrieved from embryos pre-treated with CpG ODN. |
| 410 | 25003343 | Five cytokines (IL-6, IP-10, IL-10, IFNγ, and TNFα) were significantly elevated in H7N9-infected patients when compared to healthy volunteers. |
| 411 | 24998644 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 (p's<.001) increased following vaccination, confirming modest increases in inflammation. |
| 412 | 24995396 | In lymphocyte transformation assay, splenocytes of immunized mice exhibited a strong recall proliferative response with high amounts of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-10 and IL-6 and very low levels of IL-5 and IL-4 production. |
| 413 | 24990079 | The HspX protein induces DC maturation and proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-β) through TLR4 binding partially mediated by both the MyD88 and the TRIF signaling pathways. |
| 414 | 24990079 | The administration of HspX-stimulated DCs increased the activation of naive T cells, effectively polarizing the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to secrete IFN-γ, as well as enhanced the cytotoxicity of splenocytes against HPV-16 E7 (E7)-expressing TC-1 murine tumor cells in therapeutic experimental animals. |
| 415 | 24967273 | The circulating interleukin-(IL-)10 and interferon-(IFN-) γ concentrations were significantly higher in the vitamin D sufficient athletes. |
| 416 | 24967273 | Furthermore, the production of tumour necrosis factor-(TNF-) α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-10 by whole blood culture was significantly inhibited by 1, 25(OH)2D3 concentrations of 1000 pmol/L or 10000 pmol/L. |
| 417 | 24962751 | The results demonstrated that rTs-Hsp70 activated DC maturation that was characterized by the secretion of IL-1β, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the increased surface expression of CD11c, MHC II, CD40, CD80, and CD86. |
| 418 | 24962751 | The results demonstrated that rTs-Hsp70 activated DC maturation that was characterized by the secretion of IL-1β, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the increased surface expression of CD11c, MHC II, CD40, CD80, and CD86. |
| 419 | 24962751 | The results demonstrated that rTs-Hsp70 activated DC maturation that was characterized by the secretion of IL-1β, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the increased surface expression of CD11c, MHC II, CD40, CD80, and CD86. |
| 420 | 24962751 | The rTs-Hsp70-activated DCs enabled the stimulation, proliferation and secretion of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., INF-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6) in CD4(+) T cells from T. spiralis-infected mice. |
| 421 | 24962751 | The rTs-Hsp70-activated DCs enabled the stimulation, proliferation and secretion of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., INF-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6) in CD4(+) T cells from T. spiralis-infected mice. |
| 422 | 24962751 | The rTs-Hsp70-activated DCs enabled the stimulation, proliferation and secretion of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., INF-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6) in CD4(+) T cells from T. spiralis-infected mice. |
| 423 | 24962751 | This partial protection was correlated with Th1 and Th2 mixed anti-Ts-Hsp70-specific immune responses that included high titers of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and increased levels of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6). |
| 424 | 24962751 | This partial protection was correlated with Th1 and Th2 mixed anti-Ts-Hsp70-specific immune responses that included high titers of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and increased levels of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6). |
| 425 | 24962751 | This partial protection was correlated with Th1 and Th2 mixed anti-Ts-Hsp70-specific immune responses that included high titers of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and increased levels of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6). |
| 426 | 24961164 | Initially thought to be CD4 T-cell-derived, the sources of IL-17 are now known to be varied and belong to both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. |
| 427 | 24961164 | Mechanisms for inducing IL-17 production in lymphoid cells are thought to rely on appropriate antigenic stimulation in the context of TGF-β1, IL-6 and/or IL-1β. |
| 428 | 24961164 | Using culture protocols adapted from human studies, we have effectively induced both bovine CD4(+) and WC1(+) γδ T-cells to produce IL-17 termed Th17 and γδ17 cells, respectively. |
| 429 | 24945624 | Relative to BCG-GFP, BCG-TB1860 effected a significant near total reduction both in secretion of cytokines IL-2, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, and up regulation of co-stimulatory molecules MHC-II, CD40, CD54, CD80 and CD86 by infected bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC), while leaving secreted levels of TGF-β unchanged. |
| 430 | 24945624 | Splenocytes from mice infected with BCG-SSI showed significantly less proliferation and secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17, but secreted higher levels of IL-10 in response to in vitro restimulation with BCG-TB1860 compared to BCG-GFP. |
| 431 | 24945624 | Spleens from mice infected with BCG-TB1860 also harboured significantly fewer DC expressing MHC-II, IL-12, IL-2 and TNF-α compared to mice infected with BCG-GFP. |
| 432 | 24934453 | Supernatants from these cells also increased macrophage production of IL-6 and prostaglandin E2, and increased their phagocytic activity and CD80 expression. |
| 433 | 24930717 | Lower IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 responses after challenge were associated with reduced lung lesion severity in Suvaxyn(®) M. hyo vaccinates, while elevated pathology scores in recombinant vaccinates corresponded to cytokine levels that were similarly elevated as in unvaccinated pigs. |
| 434 | 24911597 | The levels of immune suppressive elements like regulatory T cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells and cytokines such as IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β are elevated in the tumor microenvironment. |
| 435 | 24911024 | Systemic administration of fucoidan induced up-regulation of CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression and production of IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in spleen cDCs. |
| 436 | 24911024 | Fucoidan also promoted the generation of IFN-γ-producing Th1 and Tc1 cells in an IL-12-dependent manner. |
| 437 | 24911024 | Moreover, fucoidan enhanced OVA-induced up-regulation of MHC class I and II on spleen cDCs and strongly prompted the proliferation of OVA-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 438 | 24906994 | After incubated with CotC-CsLAP2, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF significantly increased in the supernatant of splenocytes isolated from mice orally treated with CotC-CsLAP2 spores, while there was no statistically significant difference of IL-4 level representing Th2 response among the groups. |
| 439 | 24904594 | There was a significant production of IFN-γ and TNF-α following the first injection with DFTD cells and a significant production of IL-6 and IL-10 following the second injection. |
| 440 | 24901387 | Finally, HES-MCs equipped with MPLA, anti-CD40, and anti-DEC205 induced the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 by Kupffer cells (KCs), and IFN-γ and IL-12p70 by liver dendritic cells (DCs). |
| 441 | 24899075 | In addition, oral immunization with spray-dried NPs loaded with peanut proteins was associated with a significant decrease in splenic T(H)2 cytokines (interleukin 4 [IL-4], IL-5, and IL-6) and enhancement of both T(H)1 (gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines. |
| 442 | 24894091 | Immunohistochemical data of infiltrating (suppressive) cells, such as T cells, regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and mast cells, or the expression of T-cell inhibitory factors (PD-1/PD-L1, IDO, and galectins), cytotoxic molecules (granzyme-B), melanocyte differentiation antigens, HLA class-I and tolerogenic cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β] were correlated statistically to clinical outcome and overall survival (OS). |
| 443 | 24894091 | Significantly more tumor-infiltrating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (both P < 0.05) were found in nonprogressors to vaccination (n = 9; median OS, 56 months), compared with progressors (n = 18; median OS, 9.5 months). |
| 444 | 24894091 | Our study shows that high numbers of intratumoral activated CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells, before autologous tumor cell vaccination, are associated with favorable clinical outcome. |
| 445 | 24878070 | The populations of CD4, CD8, and TCR γδ T-cells in immunized chickens were significantly greater than in the controls. |
| 446 | 24878070 | Increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with SE specific antigen. |
| 447 | 24878070 | After virulent SE challenge, the immune system of immunized chickens was rapidly stimulated, as indicated by significantly increased population of CD4 and CD8 T-cells. |
| 448 | 24872515 | We observed that murine macrophages showed greater activation and increased interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-12p40, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production during Neospora caninum infection. |
| 449 | 24872512 | While monocyte-derived cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and IL-6) production was rarely affected, 30% of all included patients had deficient production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17A, or IL-22. |
| 450 | 24872512 | Defective IL-17A and IL-22 production was mainly confined to ID patients with mucocutaneous fungal infections. |
| 451 | 24872512 | Defective IL-17A and IL-22 production was primarily found in patients with fungal infections, while monocyte-derived cytokine production was unaffected. |
| 452 | 24855352 | The PAs were based on epitopes gB409-505 and gD301-309, selected from HSV envelope glycoprotein B (gB) and glycoprotein D (gD), that had their N-terminus modified with hydrophobic moieties containing two C18 hydrocarbon chains. |
| 453 | 24855352 | In particular, interleukin (IL)-23-, IL-6-, IL-8- or macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2-, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-release increased considerably when cells were treated with the gB-micelles or gD-micelles compared with the production of the same cytokines when the stimulus was the single gB or gD peptide. |
| 454 | 24846569 | Pretreatment with WapA-GST also increased LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by DCs, including IL-12, IL-6 and TNF-α. |
| 455 | 24846569 | Furthermore, expression of the DC maturation markers CD80/86, CD40 and MHC II was also increased by WapA pretreatment. |
| 456 | 24835401 | To study this, we employed an in vitro system in which influenza hemagglutinin (HA) 1 was delivered to dendritic cells (DCs) via Dectin-1 using anti-human Dectin-1 (hDectin-1)-HA1 recombinant fusion proteins. |
| 457 | 24835401 | Nonetheless, these DCs were not able to induce a significant level of HA1-specific Th17 responses even in the presence of the Th17-promoting cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. |
| 458 | 24835401 | Thus, interruptions in STAT3 or MyD88 signaling led to substantially diminished HA1-specific Th17 induction. |
| 459 | 24821782 | Helicase proteins DHX29 and RIG-I cosense cytosolic nucleic acids in the human airway system. |
| 460 | 24821782 | Knocking down DHX29 by siRNA attenuated the ability of cells to mount type I IFN and IL-6 in response to cytosolic nucleic acids and various viruses by blocking the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 and NF-κB-p65. |
| 461 | 24821782 | The cytosolic nucleic acid sensing by DHX29 in human epithelial cells and fibroblasts is independent of stimulator of interferon genes but is dependent on retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). |
| 462 | 24821782 | DHX29 binds directly to nucleic acids and interacts with RIG-I and MAVS through its helicase 1 domain, activating the RIG-I-MAVS-dependent cytosolic nucleic acid response. |
| 463 | 24821782 | These results suggest that DHX29 is a cytosolic nucleic acid cosensor that triggers RIG-I/MAVS-dependent signaling pathways. |
| 464 | 24801497 | FHA from both strains induced phenotypic maturation of human MDDC and cytokine secretion (IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-23 and IL-6). |
| 465 | 24801497 | FHA from both strains induced phenotypic maturation of human MDDC and cytokine secretion (IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-23 and IL-6). |
| 466 | 24801497 | Nevertheless, Fha44 induced the secretion of IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-23 and IL-6 by MDDC, albeit at lower levels than FHA. |
| 467 | 24801497 | Nevertheless, Fha44 induced the secretion of IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-23 and IL-6 by MDDC, albeit at lower levels than FHA. |
| 468 | 24801479 | Each panel includes a de-identified commercial Luminex assay kit with standards to quantify human IFNγ, TNFα, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-2, and a series of recombinant cytokine-spiked human serum samples. |
| 469 | 24799678 | Caspase-8 and RIP kinases regulate bacteria-induced innate immune responses and cell death. |
| 470 | 24799678 | The rapid killing of macrophages induced by Y. pestis, dependent upon type III secretion system effector Yersinia outer protein J (YopJ), is minimally affected by the absence of caspase-1, caspase-11, Fas ligand, and TNF. |
| 471 | 24799678 | Here we provide genetic evidence for a receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase-caspase-8-dependent macrophage apoptotic death pathway after infection with Y. pestis, influenced by Toll-like receptor 4-TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TLR4-TRIF). |
| 472 | 24799678 | Interestingly, macrophages lacking either RIP1, or caspase-8 and RIP3, also had reduced infection-induced production of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF, and IL-6; impaired activation of the transcription factor NF-κB; and greatly compromised caspase-1 processing. |
| 473 | 24799678 | Cleavage of the proform of caspase-1 is associated with triggering inflammasome activity, which leads to the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, cytokines important to host responses against Y. pestis and many other infectious agents. |
| 474 | 24799678 | Our results identify a RIP1-caspase-8/RIP3-dependent caspase-1 activation pathway after Y. pestis challenge. |
| 475 | 24799678 | Mice defective in caspase-8 and RIP3 were also highly susceptible to infection and displayed reduced proinflammatory cytokines and myeloid cell death. |
| 476 | 24799678 | We propose that caspase-8 and the RIP kinases are key regulators of macrophage cell death, NF-κB and inflammasome activation, and host resistance after Y. pestis infection. |
| 477 | 24788303 | The expression of important pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interferon-γ), which was quantified using ELISA showed that simvastatin decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines to an average of 2-fold. |
| 478 | 24788303 | Endocytosis and autophagy processes were examined by detecting Rab and RhoA GTPase protein prenylation and LC3 lipidation using western blotting. |
| 479 | 24768634 | Cytokine production was examined in the injected muscular tissues and AS04 adjuvanted HPV induced higher IL-1β, IL-6, KC, MIP-1, and G-CSF levels in muscle tissues than any other vaccine, but similar serum cytokine profiles were observed to those induced by the other vaccines. |
| 480 | 24760891 | After vaccination with influenza A/PR8 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine, in vivo and in vitro vaccine antigen-specific IgG isotype antibodies were not detected in MHC-II KO mice, which is quite different from CD4 T cell-deficient mice that induced vaccine-specific IgG antibodies. |
| 481 | 24760891 | Adoptive transfer of fractionated spleen cells from wild-type mice to MHC-II KO mice indicated that CD43(+) cell populations with MHC-II contributed more significantly to producing vaccine-specific IgG antibodies than CD43(-) B220(+) conventional B cell or CD4 T cell populations, as well as conferring protection against lethal infection. |
| 482 | 24760891 | Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from MHC-II KO mice showed a significant defect in producing interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha cytokines. |
| 483 | 24740005 | Cytokine ELISA measurements performed using in vitro PBMC culture supernatants demonstrated significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 in the H. pylori-infected subjects, whereas IL-17A expression was not related to the subjects H. pylori-infection status. |
| 484 | 24738485 | In macrophages, HBsAg adsorbed on the surface of cationic microspheres specifically enhanced antigen uptake and augmented CD86, MHC I, and MHC II expression and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12 release. |
| 485 | 24690994 | Transgene IL-6 enhances DC-stimulated CTL responses by counteracting CD4+25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell suppression via IL-6-induced Foxp3 downregulation. |
| 486 | 24690994 | Transgene IL-6 enhances DC-stimulated CTL responses by counteracting CD4+25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell suppression via IL-6-induced Foxp3 downregulation. |
| 487 | 24690994 | Transgene IL-6 enhances DC-stimulated CTL responses by counteracting CD4+25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell suppression via IL-6-induced Foxp3 downregulation. |
| 488 | 24690994 | Transgene IL-6 enhances DC-stimulated CTL responses by counteracting CD4+25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell suppression via IL-6-induced Foxp3 downregulation. |
| 489 | 24690994 | Moreover, DCOVA/IL-6-stimulated CTL responses were relatively maintained in mice with transfer of CD4+25+Foxp3+ Tr-cells, but significantly reduced when treated with anti-IL-6 antibody. |
| 490 | 24690994 | Moreover, DCOVA/IL-6-stimulated CTL responses were relatively maintained in mice with transfer of CD4+25+Foxp3+ Tr-cells, but significantly reduced when treated with anti-IL-6 antibody. |
| 491 | 24690994 | Moreover, DCOVA/IL-6-stimulated CTL responses were relatively maintained in mice with transfer of CD4+25+Foxp3+ Tr-cells, but significantly reduced when treated with anti-IL-6 antibody. |
| 492 | 24690994 | Moreover, DCOVA/IL-6-stimulated CTL responses were relatively maintained in mice with transfer of CD4+25+Foxp3+ Tr-cells, but significantly reduced when treated with anti-IL-6 antibody. |
| 493 | 24690994 | In addition, we demonstrate that IL-6 down-regulates Foxp3-expression of CD4+25+Foxp3+ Tr-cells in vitro. |
| 494 | 24690994 | In addition, we demonstrate that IL-6 down-regulates Foxp3-expression of CD4+25+Foxp3+ Tr-cells in vitro. |
| 495 | 24690994 | In addition, we demonstrate that IL-6 down-regulates Foxp3-expression of CD4+25+Foxp3+ Tr-cells in vitro. |
| 496 | 24690994 | In addition, we demonstrate that IL-6 down-regulates Foxp3-expression of CD4+25+Foxp3+ Tr-cells in vitro. |
| 497 | 24690994 | Taken together, our results demonstrate that AdV-mediated IL-6 transgene-engineered DC vaccine stimulates potent CTL responses and antitumor immunity by counteracting CD4+25+ Tr immunosuppression via IL-6-induced Foxp3 down-regulation. |
| 498 | 24690994 | Taken together, our results demonstrate that AdV-mediated IL-6 transgene-engineered DC vaccine stimulates potent CTL responses and antitumor immunity by counteracting CD4+25+ Tr immunosuppression via IL-6-induced Foxp3 down-regulation. |
| 499 | 24690994 | Taken together, our results demonstrate that AdV-mediated IL-6 transgene-engineered DC vaccine stimulates potent CTL responses and antitumor immunity by counteracting CD4+25+ Tr immunosuppression via IL-6-induced Foxp3 down-regulation. |
| 500 | 24690994 | Taken together, our results demonstrate that AdV-mediated IL-6 transgene-engineered DC vaccine stimulates potent CTL responses and antitumor immunity by counteracting CD4+25+ Tr immunosuppression via IL-6-induced Foxp3 down-regulation. |
| 501 | 24688858 | Expression profiles of the immune genes CD4, CD8β, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in mitogen-stimulated koala lymphocytes (Phascolarctos cinereus) by qRT-PCR. |
| 502 | 24688858 | Expression profiles of the immune genes CD4, CD8β, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in mitogen-stimulated koala lymphocytes (Phascolarctos cinereus) by qRT-PCR. |
| 503 | 24688858 | In this study we have used cytokine sequences from four marsupial genomes to identify mRNA sequences for key T regulatory, Th1 and Th2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) along with CD4 and CD8β. |
| 504 | 24688858 | In this study we have used cytokine sequences from four marsupial genomes to identify mRNA sequences for key T regulatory, Th1 and Th2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) along with CD4 and CD8β. |
| 505 | 24688858 | Phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin was found to be the most effective mitogen to up-regulate the production of IL-4, IL-10 and IFNγ. |
| 506 | 24688858 | Phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin was found to be the most effective mitogen to up-regulate the production of IL-4, IL-10 and IFNγ. |
| 507 | 24686517 | We found that the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 increased, but the levels of IL-17A and IL-4, decreased in lamina propria of colon in immune milk-fed mice as compared with those in control milk-fed mice. |
| 508 | 24686517 | The levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ increased, but IL-6, IL-17A and IL-4 decreased in lamina propria (LP) of colon in immune milk-fed mice with DSS-induced colitis. |
| 509 | 24659689 | Compared to wild-type, a hip1 mutant strain of M. tuberculosis induced enhanced levels of the key Th1-inducing cytokine IL-12, as well as other proinflammatory cytokines (IL-23, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18) in DCs via MyD88- and TLR2/9-dependent pathways, indicating that Hip1 restricts optimal DC inflammatory responses. |
| 510 | 24659689 | Infection with the hip1 mutant also induced higher levels of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86, indicating that M. tuberculosis impairs DC maturation through Hip1. |
| 511 | 24658451 | Peak viral RNA load, serum enzymes, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly higher in deceased patients compared to survivors. |
| 512 | 24658451 | CD69+ T cells were elevated early after infection while HLA-DR+ and CTLA4+ T cells were elevated during the recovery phase of those who survived. |
| 513 | 24648995 | In this study, we evaluated a TLR9 ligand (CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826, CpG) as an adjuvant for a partially protective DNA vaccine encoding a 26-kDa glutathione S-transferase of Schistosoma japonicum (pVAX1-Sj26GST). |
| 514 | 24648995 | Vaccination with pVAX1-Sj26GST in combination with CpG inhibited Treg immunosuppressive function, upregulated the production of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-2 and IL-6, and decreased CD4+CD8+Foxp3+ expression in vitro, which may contribute to the escape from Treg-mediated suppression during vaccination, allowing expansion of antigen-specific T cells against pathogens. |
| 515 | 24637787 | In vitro, BMDCs stimulated with Der p underwent cellular maturation and secreted proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α In contrast, Der p-stimulated BMDCs that were pretreated with LTS61K showed decreased IL-6 and TNFα production and were less mature. |
| 516 | 24632732 | In a PP cell culture system, b240 promoted the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor, but not IL-4, IL-5, B-cell activating factors, IFN-α, IFN-β, and transforming growth factor-β1. |
| 517 | 24632732 | In a PP cell culture system, b240 promoted the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor, but not IL-4, IL-5, B-cell activating factors, IFN-α, IFN-β, and transforming growth factor-β1. |
| 518 | 24632732 | In a PP cell culture system, b240 promoted the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor, but not IL-4, IL-5, B-cell activating factors, IFN-α, IFN-β, and transforming growth factor-β1. |
| 519 | 24632732 | The enhanced IgA production by b240 was attenuated by neutralizing IL-6, a potent IgA-enhancing cytokine. b240 stimulated DCs to produce an elevated amount of IL-6 in a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-, but not TLR4- or TLR9-dependent manner. |
| 520 | 24632732 | The enhanced IgA production by b240 was attenuated by neutralizing IL-6, a potent IgA-enhancing cytokine. b240 stimulated DCs to produce an elevated amount of IL-6 in a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-, but not TLR4- or TLR9-dependent manner. |
| 521 | 24632732 | The enhanced IgA production by b240 was attenuated by neutralizing IL-6, a potent IgA-enhancing cytokine. b240 stimulated DCs to produce an elevated amount of IL-6 in a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-, but not TLR4- or TLR9-dependent manner. |
| 522 | 24632732 | Finally, we demonstrated that TLR2-mediated IL-6 production from PP DCs in response to b240 activated B cells to produce a large amount of IgA in a DC-B cell co-culture system. |
| 523 | 24632732 | Finally, we demonstrated that TLR2-mediated IL-6 production from PP DCs in response to b240 activated B cells to produce a large amount of IgA in a DC-B cell co-culture system. |
| 524 | 24632732 | Finally, we demonstrated that TLR2-mediated IL-6 production from PP DCs in response to b240 activated B cells to produce a large amount of IgA in a DC-B cell co-culture system. |
| 525 | 24631092 | Our results show that an optimum dose of adenovirus vector (2×10(7)pfu/mouse) administered intramuscularly (i.m.) induces high T cell proliferation, granzyme B-expressing CD8(+) T cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-6, and antibody responses that can significantly reduce the Vac-HCV viral load in the ovaries of female C57BL/6 mice. |
| 526 | 24631089 | Further experiments identified that the fusion of CTA in these DNA vaccines augmented the secretion of IL-6 in a manner that was dependent on its ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, and protein kinase A (PKA) was found to be the major mediator of its downstream signaling. |
| 527 | 24631074 | Combination therapy also resulted in increased circulating levels of IL10 four weeks post-vaccination and IL2 for 12 weeks post-vaccination, but without effect on proinflammatory cytokines IL6, IL12(p70), IL17 and IFNγ. |
| 528 | 24614684 | In addition, co-immunization with chitosan-pAIM2 remarkably facilitated dendritic cells (DCs) recruitment to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and promoted the expression of IgA-inducing factors (BAFF, APRIL, iNOS, RALDH1, IL-6, TGF-β), which might account for its mucosal adjuvant effect. |
| 529 | 24614057 | These sequences are the key determinants for association of viral proteins with intracellular molecules such as Tsg101, Nedd4 and AIP1/ALIX. |
| 530 | 24614057 | While roles for Tsg101 and AIP1/ALIX in HIV-1 budding have been well established, less is known about the role of Nedd4. |
| 531 | 24614057 | Increased Nedd4 protein levels were noted in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following SHIVSF162P3-infection of naïve macaques. |
| 532 | 24614057 | Nedd4 co-injection was found to have no affect on Gag- or Env-specific IFNγ but had a trend of increased Gag-specific IL-6, IL-17A and TNFα that was not seen following Env stimulation. |
| 533 | 24605077 | TFH cells are characterized by their expression of master regulator, Bcl-6, and chemokine receptor, CXCR5, which are essential for the migration of T cells into the B cell follicle. |
| 534 | 24605077 | IL-6 and IL-21 cytokine-mediated STAT signaling pathways, including STAT1 and STAT3, are crucial for inducing Bcl-6 expression and TFH cell differentiation. |
| 535 | 24605077 | TFH cells express important surface molecules such as ICOS, PD-1, IL-21, BTLA, SAP and CD40L for mediating the interaction between T and B cells. |
| 536 | 24605077 | The miR-17-92 cluster induces Bcl-6 and TFH cell differentiation, whereas miR-10a negatively regulates Bcl-6 expression in T cells. |
| 537 | 24605077 | In addition, follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells are studied as thymus-derived CXCR5(+)PD-1(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells that play a significant role in limiting the GC response. |
| 538 | 24595607 | We compared the influence of F. tularensis antigens (tularinum) in vitro on production of IL-1, IL-5, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α by splenocytes obtained from intact mice and mice immunized with mutant F. tularensis 15∆23A and/or F. tularensis 15 NIIEG strains. |
| 539 | 24595607 | We also compared expression of CD28, CD154, TLR-2, and CD69 markers on CD4 and CD8 T-cells after activation with tularinum in vitro. |
| 540 | 24595607 | We found that tularinum-induced CD4(+) T-cells increased TNF-α and IFN-γ synthesis and expression of CD69 only in group mice with high degree of post immunization protection against F. tularensis Schu challenge. |
| 541 | 24595607 | Estimation of CD69 expression on CD3(+)CD4(+) cells and IFN-γ, TNF-α synthesis by CD4(+) T-lymphocytes could be useful for determination protect ability of antitularemia immunity. |
| 542 | 24593999 | In contrast, antigen encapsulated into nanoparticles and admixed with free TLR7/8 agonist leads to lower immunogenicity and rapid induction of high levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum (e.g., TNF-a and IL-6 levels are 50- to 200-fold higher upon injection of free resiquimod (R848) than of nanoparticle-encapsulated R848). |
| 543 | 24589970 | No significant difference was observed in cytokine levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, MIP-1, TNF-α, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in sera between the two groups. |
| 544 | 24586996 | Antigen-specific, polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cell responses and antibody responses increased significantly upon inclusion of adjuvant. |
| 545 | 24586996 | PolyICLC administration was associated with increases in TNFα, IL6, MCP1, MIP1α, KC, and MIP1β levels in the periphery and with the activation of dendritic cells (DCs), NK cells, and B cells. |
| 546 | 24583154 | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Relative quantitative (RQ) Real-time PCR were used to evaluate the antibody (IgG and IgA) levels in serum and mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ in spleen cells, respectively. |
| 547 | 24559976 | The magnitude of splenocyte proliferation upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan and cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17) was assessed. |
| 548 | 24559976 | Oral application of strain LA68 leads to a significant decrease of CD3+, CD25+ and CD19+ cells, and an increase of CD11b+ and CD16/CD32+ positive cell populations in the mouse spleen. |
| 549 | 24530403 | IP-10, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were elevated 24-48 h after administration of AV7909 formulations, returning to baseline by Day 7. |
| 550 | 24530403 | IP-10, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were elevated 24-48 h after administration of AV7909 formulations, returning to baseline by Day 7. |
| 551 | 24530403 | IP-10, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were elevated 24-48 h after administration of AV7909 formulations, returning to baseline by Day 7. |
| 552 | 24530403 | AVA (no CPG 7909) resulted in elevated IL-6 and CRP, but not IP-10. |
| 553 | 24530403 | AVA (no CPG 7909) resulted in elevated IL-6 and CRP, but not IP-10. |
| 554 | 24530403 | AVA (no CPG 7909) resulted in elevated IL-6 and CRP, but not IP-10. |
| 555 | 24530403 | Serum markers at 24 or 48 h (i.e. % ALC decrease, or increase in IL-6, IP-10, or CRP) correlated with the humoral (antibody) responses 1 month later, but did not correlate with cellular ELISpot responses. |
| 556 | 24530403 | Serum markers at 24 or 48 h (i.e. % ALC decrease, or increase in IL-6, IP-10, or CRP) correlated with the humoral (antibody) responses 1 month later, but did not correlate with cellular ELISpot responses. |
| 557 | 24530403 | Serum markers at 24 or 48 h (i.e. % ALC decrease, or increase in IL-6, IP-10, or CRP) correlated with the humoral (antibody) responses 1 month later, but did not correlate with cellular ELISpot responses. |
| 558 | 24517026 | Since cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-Gamma are responsible for the prevention of viral infection, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of HCV core protein as a vaccine. |
| 559 | 24517026 | Since cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-Gamma are responsible for the prevention of viral infection, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of HCV core protein as a vaccine. |
| 560 | 24517026 | Since cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-Gamma are responsible for the prevention of viral infection, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of HCV core protein as a vaccine. |
| 561 | 24517026 | Since cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-Gamma are responsible for the prevention of viral infection, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of HCV core protein as a vaccine. |
| 562 | 24517026 | Since cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-Gamma are responsible for the prevention of viral infection, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of HCV core protein as a vaccine. |
| 563 | 24517026 | Ten BALB/c mice were immunized with HCV core protein and after 42 days the splenocytes were isolated and the IL-6 and INF-gamma secretion were measured using ELISpot technique, at the same time TNF-alpha was determined by ELISA in the sera. |
| 564 | 24517026 | Ten BALB/c mice were immunized with HCV core protein and after 42 days the splenocytes were isolated and the IL-6 and INF-gamma secretion were measured using ELISpot technique, at the same time TNF-alpha was determined by ELISA in the sera. |
| 565 | 24517026 | Ten BALB/c mice were immunized with HCV core protein and after 42 days the splenocytes were isolated and the IL-6 and INF-gamma secretion were measured using ELISpot technique, at the same time TNF-alpha was determined by ELISA in the sera. |
| 566 | 24517026 | Ten BALB/c mice were immunized with HCV core protein and after 42 days the splenocytes were isolated and the IL-6 and INF-gamma secretion were measured using ELISpot technique, at the same time TNF-alpha was determined by ELISA in the sera. |
| 567 | 24517026 | Ten BALB/c mice were immunized with HCV core protein and after 42 days the splenocytes were isolated and the IL-6 and INF-gamma secretion were measured using ELISpot technique, at the same time TNF-alpha was determined by ELISA in the sera. |
| 568 | 24517026 | In the present study the IL-6, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha levels were dramatically higher in the immunized mice compared to the control group (respectively, 22.9 +/- 1.26; 18.53 +/- 3.87; 53.96 +/- 4.54 and p < 0.05). |
| 569 | 24517026 | In the present study the IL-6, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha levels were dramatically higher in the immunized mice compared to the control group (respectively, 22.9 +/- 1.26; 18.53 +/- 3.87; 53.96 +/- 4.54 and p < 0.05). |
| 570 | 24517026 | In the present study the IL-6, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha levels were dramatically higher in the immunized mice compared to the control group (respectively, 22.9 +/- 1.26; 18.53 +/- 3.87; 53.96 +/- 4.54 and p < 0.05). |
| 571 | 24517026 | In the present study the IL-6, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha levels were dramatically higher in the immunized mice compared to the control group (respectively, 22.9 +/- 1.26; 18.53 +/- 3.87; 53.96 +/- 4.54 and p < 0.05). |
| 572 | 24517026 | In the present study the IL-6, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha levels were dramatically higher in the immunized mice compared to the control group (respectively, 22.9 +/- 1.26; 18.53 +/- 3.87; 53.96 +/- 4.54 and p < 0.05). |
| 573 | 24517026 | The immunized mice with recombinant HCV core protein showed higher amount of IL-6, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha in the current study. |
| 574 | 24517026 | The immunized mice with recombinant HCV core protein showed higher amount of IL-6, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha in the current study. |
| 575 | 24517026 | The immunized mice with recombinant HCV core protein showed higher amount of IL-6, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha in the current study. |
| 576 | 24517026 | The immunized mice with recombinant HCV core protein showed higher amount of IL-6, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha in the current study. |
| 577 | 24517026 | The immunized mice with recombinant HCV core protein showed higher amount of IL-6, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha in the current study. |
| 578 | 24517026 | Since the level of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma is high in patients with acute HCV infection, thus a vaccine which could stimulate the secretion of these cytokines in advance may have a preventive role. |
| 579 | 24517026 | Since the level of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma is high in patients with acute HCV infection, thus a vaccine which could stimulate the secretion of these cytokines in advance may have a preventive role. |
| 580 | 24517026 | Since the level of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma is high in patients with acute HCV infection, thus a vaccine which could stimulate the secretion of these cytokines in advance may have a preventive role. |
| 581 | 24517026 | Since the level of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma is high in patients with acute HCV infection, thus a vaccine which could stimulate the secretion of these cytokines in advance may have a preventive role. |
| 582 | 24517026 | Since the level of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma is high in patients with acute HCV infection, thus a vaccine which could stimulate the secretion of these cytokines in advance may have a preventive role. |
| 583 | 24511686 | On the other hand, immunization of rabbits with Pmy induced a significant expression of humoral antibodies (IgM, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4) and different cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, L-12 and TNF-alpha). |
| 584 | 24507356 | The results showed that the treatment of macrophages with CS3 could not only increase the nitric oxide (NO) release and the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production significantly, but also enhance the inducible NOS (iNOS) expression, NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation, Erk1/2 and SAPK/JNK phosphorylation. |
| 585 | 24507356 | The results showed that the treatment of macrophages with CS3 could not only increase the nitric oxide (NO) release and the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production significantly, but also enhance the inducible NOS (iNOS) expression, NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation, Erk1/2 and SAPK/JNK phosphorylation. |
| 586 | 24507356 | The combination of CS3 with GM-CSF upregulated immature BMDCs to express major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) and CD11c surface markers, CD40, CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules, as well as the cytokines of IL-12p70 and IL-6. |
| 587 | 24507356 | The combination of CS3 with GM-CSF upregulated immature BMDCs to express major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) and CD11c surface markers, CD40, CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules, as well as the cytokines of IL-12p70 and IL-6. |
| 588 | 24485903 | In the present study, it was shown that OmpP2 (0.5-10 μg/mL) from H. parasuis Nagasaki strain up-regulated mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM, 3D4/31) in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 589 | 24478103 | In this study, we found that macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells recruited to Coccidioides posadasii-infected lungs of nonvaccinated and vaccinated mice contributed to the production of IL-10. |
| 590 | 24478103 | The major IL-10-producing leukocytes were CD8(+) T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in lungs of nonvaccinated mice, while both Foxp3(+) and Foxp3(-) subsets of IL-10(+) CD4(+) T cells were significantly elevated in vaccinated mice. |
| 591 | 24478103 | Profiles of the recruited leukocytes in lungs revealed that only CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased in IL-10(-/-) knockout mice compared to their wild-type counterparts. |
| 592 | 24478103 | Furthermore, ex vivo recall assays showed that CD4(+) T cells isolated from vaccinated IL-10(-/-) mice compared to vaccinated wild-type mice produced significantly higher amounts of IL-2, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17A in the presence of a coccidioidal antigen, indicating that IL-10 suppresses Th1, Th2, and Th17 immunity to Coccidioides infection. |
| 593 | 24478103 | Analysis of absolute numbers of CD44(+) CD62L(-) CD4(+) T effector memory T cells (TEM) and IFN-γ- and IL-17A-producing CD4(+) T cells in the lungs of Coccidioides-infected mice correlated with better fungal clearance in nonvaccinated IL-10(-/-) mice than in nonvaccinated wild-type mice. |
| 594 | 24478103 | Our results suggest that IL-10 suppresses CD4(+) T-cell immunity in nonvaccinated mice during Coccidioides infection but does not impede the development of a memory response nor exacerbate immunopathology of vaccinated mice over at least a 4-month period after the last immunization. |
| 595 | 24477856 | Correlations between peripheral blood Coxiella burnetii DNA load, interleukin-6 levels, and C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute Q fever. |
| 596 | 24477856 | Correlations between peripheral blood Coxiella burnetii DNA load, interleukin-6 levels, and C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute Q fever. |
| 597 | 24477856 | Correlations between peripheral blood Coxiella burnetii DNA load, interleukin-6 levels, and C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute Q fever. |
| 598 | 24477856 | Correlations between peripheral blood Coxiella burnetii DNA load, interleukin-6 levels, and C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute Q fever. |
| 599 | 24477856 | Correlations between peripheral blood Coxiella burnetii DNA load, interleukin-6 levels, and C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute Q fever. |
| 600 | 24477856 | Correlations between peripheral blood Coxiella burnetii DNA load, interleukin-6 levels, and C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute Q fever. |
| 601 | 24477856 | Correlations between peripheral blood Coxiella burnetii DNA load, interleukin-6 levels, and C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute Q fever. |
| 602 | 24477856 | Correlations between peripheral blood Coxiella burnetii DNA load, interleukin-6 levels, and C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute Q fever. |
| 603 | 24477856 | Correlations between peripheral blood Coxiella burnetii DNA load, interleukin-6 levels, and C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute Q fever. |
| 604 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 is the principal inducer of C-reactive protein. |
| 605 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 is the principal inducer of C-reactive protein. |
| 606 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 is the principal inducer of C-reactive protein. |
| 607 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 is the principal inducer of C-reactive protein. |
| 608 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 is the principal inducer of C-reactive protein. |
| 609 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 is the principal inducer of C-reactive protein. |
| 610 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 is the principal inducer of C-reactive protein. |
| 611 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 is the principal inducer of C-reactive protein. |
| 612 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 is the principal inducer of C-reactive protein. |
| 613 | 24477856 | We questioned whether increased C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients coincide with increased interleukin-6 levels and if these levels correlate with the Coxiella burnetii DNA load in serum. |
| 614 | 24477856 | We questioned whether increased C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients coincide with increased interleukin-6 levels and if these levels correlate with the Coxiella burnetii DNA load in serum. |
| 615 | 24477856 | We questioned whether increased C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients coincide with increased interleukin-6 levels and if these levels correlate with the Coxiella burnetii DNA load in serum. |
| 616 | 24477856 | We questioned whether increased C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients coincide with increased interleukin-6 levels and if these levels correlate with the Coxiella burnetii DNA load in serum. |
| 617 | 24477856 | We questioned whether increased C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients coincide with increased interleukin-6 levels and if these levels correlate with the Coxiella burnetii DNA load in serum. |
| 618 | 24477856 | We questioned whether increased C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients coincide with increased interleukin-6 levels and if these levels correlate with the Coxiella burnetii DNA load in serum. |
| 619 | 24477856 | We questioned whether increased C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients coincide with increased interleukin-6 levels and if these levels correlate with the Coxiella burnetii DNA load in serum. |
| 620 | 24477856 | We questioned whether increased C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients coincide with increased interleukin-6 levels and if these levels correlate with the Coxiella burnetii DNA load in serum. |
| 621 | 24477856 | We questioned whether increased C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients coincide with increased interleukin-6 levels and if these levels correlate with the Coxiella burnetii DNA load in serum. |
| 622 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were analyzed in sera from 102 patients diagnosed with seronegative PCR-positive acute Q fever. |
| 623 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were analyzed in sera from 102 patients diagnosed with seronegative PCR-positive acute Q fever. |
| 624 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were analyzed in sera from 102 patients diagnosed with seronegative PCR-positive acute Q fever. |
| 625 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were analyzed in sera from 102 patients diagnosed with seronegative PCR-positive acute Q fever. |
| 626 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were analyzed in sera from 102 patients diagnosed with seronegative PCR-positive acute Q fever. |
| 627 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were analyzed in sera from 102 patients diagnosed with seronegative PCR-positive acute Q fever. |
| 628 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were analyzed in sera from 102 patients diagnosed with seronegative PCR-positive acute Q fever. |
| 629 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were analyzed in sera from 102 patients diagnosed with seronegative PCR-positive acute Q fever. |
| 630 | 24477856 | Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were analyzed in sera from 102 patients diagnosed with seronegative PCR-positive acute Q fever. |
| 631 | 24477856 | Significant but weak negative correlations were observed between bacterial DNA loads expressed as cycle threshold values and interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels, while a significant moderate-strong positive correlation was present between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. |
| 632 | 24477856 | Significant but weak negative correlations were observed between bacterial DNA loads expressed as cycle threshold values and interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels, while a significant moderate-strong positive correlation was present between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. |
| 633 | 24477856 | Significant but weak negative correlations were observed between bacterial DNA loads expressed as cycle threshold values and interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels, while a significant moderate-strong positive correlation was present between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. |
| 634 | 24477856 | Significant but weak negative correlations were observed between bacterial DNA loads expressed as cycle threshold values and interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels, while a significant moderate-strong positive correlation was present between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. |
| 635 | 24477856 | Significant but weak negative correlations were observed between bacterial DNA loads expressed as cycle threshold values and interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels, while a significant moderate-strong positive correlation was present between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. |
| 636 | 24477856 | Significant but weak negative correlations were observed between bacterial DNA loads expressed as cycle threshold values and interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels, while a significant moderate-strong positive correlation was present between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. |
| 637 | 24477856 | Significant but weak negative correlations were observed between bacterial DNA loads expressed as cycle threshold values and interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels, while a significant moderate-strong positive correlation was present between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. |
| 638 | 24477856 | Significant but weak negative correlations were observed between bacterial DNA loads expressed as cycle threshold values and interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels, while a significant moderate-strong positive correlation was present between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. |
| 639 | 24477856 | Significant but weak negative correlations were observed between bacterial DNA loads expressed as cycle threshold values and interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels, while a significant moderate-strong positive correlation was present between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. |
| 640 | 24477856 | Furthermore, significantly higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were observed in hospitalized acute Q fever patients in comparison to those in nonhospitalized patients, while bacterial DNA loads were the same in the two groups. |
| 641 | 24477856 | Furthermore, significantly higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were observed in hospitalized acute Q fever patients in comparison to those in nonhospitalized patients, while bacterial DNA loads were the same in the two groups. |
| 642 | 24477856 | Furthermore, significantly higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were observed in hospitalized acute Q fever patients in comparison to those in nonhospitalized patients, while bacterial DNA loads were the same in the two groups. |
| 643 | 24477856 | Furthermore, significantly higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were observed in hospitalized acute Q fever patients in comparison to those in nonhospitalized patients, while bacterial DNA loads were the same in the two groups. |
| 644 | 24477856 | Furthermore, significantly higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were observed in hospitalized acute Q fever patients in comparison to those in nonhospitalized patients, while bacterial DNA loads were the same in the two groups. |
| 645 | 24477856 | Furthermore, significantly higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were observed in hospitalized acute Q fever patients in comparison to those in nonhospitalized patients, while bacterial DNA loads were the same in the two groups. |
| 646 | 24477856 | Furthermore, significantly higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were observed in hospitalized acute Q fever patients in comparison to those in nonhospitalized patients, while bacterial DNA loads were the same in the two groups. |
| 647 | 24477856 | Furthermore, significantly higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were observed in hospitalized acute Q fever patients in comparison to those in nonhospitalized patients, while bacterial DNA loads were the same in the two groups. |
| 648 | 24477856 | Furthermore, significantly higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were observed in hospitalized acute Q fever patients in comparison to those in nonhospitalized patients, while bacterial DNA loads were the same in the two groups. |
| 649 | 24477856 | In conclusion, the correlation between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients points to an immune activation pathway in which interleukin-6 induces the production of C-reactive protein. |
| 650 | 24477856 | In conclusion, the correlation between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients points to an immune activation pathway in which interleukin-6 induces the production of C-reactive protein. |
| 651 | 24477856 | In conclusion, the correlation between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients points to an immune activation pathway in which interleukin-6 induces the production of C-reactive protein. |
| 652 | 24477856 | In conclusion, the correlation between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients points to an immune activation pathway in which interleukin-6 induces the production of C-reactive protein. |
| 653 | 24477856 | In conclusion, the correlation between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients points to an immune activation pathway in which interleukin-6 induces the production of C-reactive protein. |
| 654 | 24477856 | In conclusion, the correlation between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients points to an immune activation pathway in which interleukin-6 induces the production of C-reactive protein. |
| 655 | 24477856 | In conclusion, the correlation between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients points to an immune activation pathway in which interleukin-6 induces the production of C-reactive protein. |
| 656 | 24477856 | In conclusion, the correlation between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients points to an immune activation pathway in which interleukin-6 induces the production of C-reactive protein. |
| 657 | 24477856 | In conclusion, the correlation between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in acute Q fever patients points to an immune activation pathway in which interleukin-6 induces the production of C-reactive protein. |
| 658 | 24477856 | Significant differences in interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients despite identical bacterial DNA loads suggest an important role for host factors in disease presentation. |
| 659 | 24477856 | Significant differences in interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients despite identical bacterial DNA loads suggest an important role for host factors in disease presentation. |
| 660 | 24477856 | Significant differences in interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients despite identical bacterial DNA loads suggest an important role for host factors in disease presentation. |
| 661 | 24477856 | Significant differences in interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients despite identical bacterial DNA loads suggest an important role for host factors in disease presentation. |
| 662 | 24477856 | Significant differences in interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients despite identical bacterial DNA loads suggest an important role for host factors in disease presentation. |
| 663 | 24477856 | Significant differences in interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients despite identical bacterial DNA loads suggest an important role for host factors in disease presentation. |
| 664 | 24477856 | Significant differences in interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients despite identical bacterial DNA loads suggest an important role for host factors in disease presentation. |
| 665 | 24477856 | Significant differences in interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients despite identical bacterial DNA loads suggest an important role for host factors in disease presentation. |
| 666 | 24477856 | Significant differences in interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients despite identical bacterial DNA loads suggest an important role for host factors in disease presentation. |
| 667 | 24477856 | Higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels seem predictive of more severe disease. |
| 668 | 24477856 | Higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels seem predictive of more severe disease. |
| 669 | 24477856 | Higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels seem predictive of more severe disease. |
| 670 | 24477856 | Higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels seem predictive of more severe disease. |
| 671 | 24477856 | Higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels seem predictive of more severe disease. |
| 672 | 24477856 | Higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels seem predictive of more severe disease. |
| 673 | 24477856 | Higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels seem predictive of more severe disease. |
| 674 | 24477856 | Higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels seem predictive of more severe disease. |
| 675 | 24477856 | Higher interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels seem predictive of more severe disease. |
| 676 | 24466150 | Within co-cultures, there was increased expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and GM-CSF, the latter two of which were necessary for IgA upregulation. |
| 677 | 24445619 | There was significant upregulation of maturation markers (CD80, CD86, MHC-I, and MHC-II) in argon-helium freeze-thawed lysate-pulsed DCs. |
| 678 | 24445619 | The concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-12 secreted by lysate-pulsed DCs was increased. |
| 679 | 24426287 | Among the genes studied, IFN α, IFN γ, MHC I and DDX 1 were up-regulated while IL 6 was down regulated. |
| 680 | 24396135 | Cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and cell surface antigens, including soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) and CD64, are also being increasingly examined for use as nonspecific screening measures for neonatal sepsis. |
| 681 | 24394635 | The knockdown of SOCS1 in BMDCs by PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NPs enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12 and IL-2) expression. |
| 682 | 24394635 | Additionally, PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NP-treated BMDCs could elicit an immune response through cross-presentation in OVA-specific CD8 T cells that express IL-2 cytokine. |
| 683 | 24376270 | IL-6 cytokine signaling can enhance ASC production and has been implicated in dampening ASCs in lupus mouse models through myeloid cells. |
| 684 | 24376270 | IL-6 cytokine signaling can enhance ASC production and has been implicated in dampening ASCs in lupus mouse models through myeloid cells. |
| 685 | 24376270 | Using mixed bone marrow chimeras, we observed that IL-6 enhances ASC production, but IL-6 production was not required by myeloid cells to dampen ASCs in the LN. |
| 686 | 24376270 | Using mixed bone marrow chimeras, we observed that IL-6 enhances ASC production, but IL-6 production was not required by myeloid cells to dampen ASCs in the LN. |
| 687 | 24374818 | They induced the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 (Caco-2 cells) and IL-1β (bone marrow-derived macrophages; BMDM) in vitro and IL-6 in vivo after intraperitoneal injection in mice. |
| 688 | 25954597 | Thus, we engineered a collection of lentivectors that simultaneously co-expressed an antigen, a PD-L1-silencing shRNA, and various T cell-polarising cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) or interleukins (IL12, IL15, IL23, IL17A, IL6, IL10, IL4). |
| 689 | 25954597 | In a syngeneic B16F0 melanoma model and using tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) as a vaccine antigen, we found that simultaneous delivery of IL12 and a PD-L1-silencing shRNA was the only combination that exhibited therapeutically relevant anti-melanoma activities. |
| 690 | 24362687 | Many studies have reported genetic associations between severe RSV bronchiolitis and SNPs in genes within plausible biological pathways, such as in innate host defense genes (SPA, SPD, TLR4, and VDR), cytokine or chemokine response genes (CCR5, IFN, IL6, IL10, TGFB1), and altered Th1/Th2 immune responses (IL4, IL13). |
| 691 | 24361035 | Also, the level of the cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 was quantified during the experimental study. |
| 692 | 24361035 | Also, the level of the cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 was quantified during the experimental study. |
| 693 | 24361035 | Moreover, early increases of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma besides late increase of IFN-gamma were observed. |
| 694 | 24361035 | Moreover, early increases of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma besides late increase of IFN-gamma were observed. |
| 695 | 24361035 | The analysis of biomarkers network pointed out two relevant strong axes during early stages of dengue fever, a protective axes TNF-alpha/Lymphocytes/Platelets, and a pathological IL-2/IL-6/Viremia/Monocyte/PT bond. |
| 696 | 24361035 | The analysis of biomarkers network pointed out two relevant strong axes during early stages of dengue fever, a protective axes TNF-alpha/Lymphocytes/Platelets, and a pathological IL-2/IL-6/Viremia/Monocyte/PT bond. |
| 697 | 24361035 | Later on, the biomarker network highlighted the interaction IFN-gamma/PLT/DENV-3(IgM;HAI)/PT, and the involvement of type-2 cytokines (IL-4; IL-5). |
| 698 | 24361035 | Later on, the biomarker network highlighted the interaction IFN-gamma/PLT/DENV-3(IgM;HAI)/PT, and the involvement of type-2 cytokines (IL-4; IL-5). |
| 699 | 24357081 | The titers of serum HA-specific antibodies were determined by ELISA, and the expression levels of the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by real-time PCR. |
| 700 | 24357081 | The titers of serum HA-specific antibodies were determined by ELISA, and the expression levels of the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by real-time PCR. |
| 701 | 24357081 | The results showed that CD40 as a molecular adjuvant significantly enhanced the production of serum anti-HA antibodies and increased the levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-6, suggesting that co-immunization with CD40 upregulated the humoral immune responses to the DNA vaccine in BALB/c mice. |
| 702 | 24357081 | The results showed that CD40 as a molecular adjuvant significantly enhanced the production of serum anti-HA antibodies and increased the levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-6, suggesting that co-immunization with CD40 upregulated the humoral immune responses to the DNA vaccine in BALB/c mice. |
| 703 | 24349306 | Mice were vaccinated with an adenoviral vector which encodes and displays the Friend Virus (FV) surface envelope protein gp70 (Ad.pIXgp70) in combination with adenoviral vectors encoding the interleukins IL4, IL5, IL6, IL7 or IL23. |
| 704 | 24349306 | Mice co-immunized with adenoviral vectors encoding IL5 or IL23 showed increased neutralizing antibody responses while mice co-immunized with Ad.IL6 or Ad.IL23 showed improved FV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses compared to mice immunized with Ad.pIXgp70 alone. |
| 705 | 24348673 | The expression of chemokines (CCL-2 and CXCL-8) and cytokines (IL-1 α , IL-1 β , IL-6, TNF- α , and IL-10) was evaluated by RT-qPCR in colostrum-deprived pigs vaccinated and challenged with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5. |
| 706 | 24348673 | The expression of chemokines (CCL-2 and CXCL-8) and cytokines (IL-1 α , IL-1 β , IL-6, TNF- α , and IL-10) was evaluated by RT-qPCR in colostrum-deprived pigs vaccinated and challenged with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5. |
| 707 | 24348673 | High expression of CCL-2, CXCL-8, IL-1 α , IL-1 β , and IL-6 can be considered one of the characteristics of H. parasuis infection by serovar 5. |
| 708 | 24348673 | High expression of CCL-2, CXCL-8, IL-1 α , IL-1 β , and IL-6 can be considered one of the characteristics of H. parasuis infection by serovar 5. |
| 709 | 24325456 | The results showed that N-CMCh nanoparticle enhanced the secretion of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-12p70, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and antigen uptake in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. |
| 710 | 24325456 | This activated antigen-specific Th1 cell responses, including IL-2 and interferon-gamma production and proliferation. |
| 711 | 24324467 | IL-6, Prostaglandin-E2, and IL-10 were identified as factors in cultures of primary human tumors responsible for the inhibited development and activation of skin DC as well as monocyte-derived DC. |
| 712 | 24324467 | Mostly from mouse studies, the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway has emerged as a "master switch" of tumor-induced immune suppression. |
| 713 | 24316552 | Mature DCs (mDCs) induced by the combination of v-FlaB/TNFα/IFNα were significantly more potent in inducing specific anticancer immune responses compared with the standard DCs that were maturated by the conventional cytokine cocktail of TNFα/IL-1β/IL-6/PGE(2). |
| 714 | 24316552 | The potent mDCs produced a higher level of interleukin (IL)-12p70 and polarized naive CD4(+) T cells more towards Th1-type cells, markedly increased antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell number and significantly enhanced the induction of lytic enzymes in antigen-specific CD8(+) CTLs and sensitized CD3(+) T cells to produce higher number of interferon (IFN)γ-secreting cells. |
| 715 | 24316552 | As a result, the mDCs produced more potent antigen-specific CTLs against the MART-1 and expressed higher levels of homing receptors CCR5 and CXCR3. |
| 716 | 24303065 | We show that CD14(+) myeloid cells and epithelial cells are the major source of IL-8 and inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, when exposed to live RSV Three routes of RSV-induced IFN-α production can be distinguished that depend on the cross-talk of different cell types and the presence or absence of virus specific antibodies, whereby pDC are the ultimate source of IFN-α. |
| 717 | 24278621 | The levels of IL-1 in the thymus and spleen; INF-γ in serum; IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 in the thymus; and IL-10 and IFN-γ in the spleen decreased after ZEA administration. |
| 718 | 24278621 | The levels of IL-1 in the thymus and spleen; INF-γ in serum; IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 in the thymus; and IL-10 and IFN-γ in the spleen decreased after ZEA administration. |
| 719 | 24278621 | Furthermore, the levels of IL-1β in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node, IL-1β in the thymus, IL-2 in the thymus and spleen, IL-6 in the thymus, IL-10 and IFN-γ in the spleen, and GM-CSF and TNF-α in the thymus decreased after vaccination in rats exposed to ZEA. |
| 720 | 24278621 | Furthermore, the levels of IL-1β in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node, IL-1β in the thymus, IL-2 in the thymus and spleen, IL-6 in the thymus, IL-10 and IFN-γ in the spleen, and GM-CSF and TNF-α in the thymus decreased after vaccination in rats exposed to ZEA. |
| 721 | 24252697 | In vitro, PS-F2 stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) to produce proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12/IL-23 p40. |
| 722 | 24252697 | PS-F2 also stimulated DCs to express the maturation markers CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class II. |
| 723 | 24252697 | In a murine splenocyte culture, PS-F2 treatment resulted in elevated expression of T-bet and interferon (IFN)-γ in T lymphocytes. |
| 724 | 24244265 | Inhibition of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function and conversion into Th1-like effectors by a Toll-like receptor-activated dendritic cell vaccine. |
| 725 | 24244265 | We have previously demonstrated that vaccination with dendritic cells activated with the TLR-4 ligand LPS and IFN-γ promotes an antigen-specific anti-tumor response that prevents tumor recurrence. |
| 726 | 24244265 | The effect is therefore mediated by a soluble factor but was independent of both IL-6 and IL-12. |
| 727 | 24244265 | IFN-γ production was associated with upregulation of the Th1 transcriptional regulator T-bet, and a significant fraction of IFN-γ-producing regulators coexpressed T-bet and FoxP3. |
| 728 | 24244265 | While the effects of the LPS-activated dendritic cell on responder cell proliferation were IL-12 independent, upregulation of T-bet was inhibited by a neutralizing anti-IL-12 antibody. |
| 729 | 24235222 | Mycoplasma synoviae infection of embryos resulted in intensive upregulation of cytokine and chemokine genes, including interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-16, IL-18, MIP-1β (CCL4), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), XCL1, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor (LITAF), with different expression profiles in the 4 organs. |
| 730 | 24235222 | Mycoplasma synoviae infection of embryos resulted in intensive upregulation of cytokine and chemokine genes, including interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-16, IL-18, MIP-1β (CCL4), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), XCL1, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor (LITAF), with different expression profiles in the 4 organs. |
| 731 | 24235222 | Inoculation of lentogenic NDV significantly upregulated IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-16 genes in spleen and IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-16, IL-21, XCL1, and MIP-1β (CCL4) genes in the thymus, but to a lesser extent than M. synoviae. |
| 732 | 24235222 | Inoculation of lentogenic NDV significantly upregulated IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-16 genes in spleen and IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-16, IL-21, XCL1, and MIP-1β (CCL4) genes in the thymus, but to a lesser extent than M. synoviae. |
| 733 | 24225642 | The Microtus strain 201 could induce elevated secretion of both Th1-associated cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α) and Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6), as well as chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8. |
| 734 | 24205068 | Toll-like receptor induced pro-interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in monocytes are lower in healthy infants compared to adults. |
| 735 | 24205068 | Toll-like receptor induced pro-interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in monocytes are lower in healthy infants compared to adults. |
| 736 | 24205068 | Toll-like receptor induced pro-interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in monocytes are lower in healthy infants compared to adults. |
| 737 | 24205068 | Toll-like receptor induced pro-interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in monocytes are lower in healthy infants compared to adults. |
| 738 | 24205068 | We compared Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced production of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α between 2-month-old infants and adults. |
| 739 | 24205068 | We compared Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced production of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α between 2-month-old infants and adults. |
| 740 | 24205068 | We compared Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced production of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α between 2-month-old infants and adults. |
| 741 | 24205068 | We compared Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced production of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α between 2-month-old infants and adults. |
| 742 | 24205068 | TLR 7/8-induced production of pro-IL-1β and IL-6 in monocytes was lower in 2-month-old infants compared to adults. |
| 743 | 24205068 | TLR 7/8-induced production of pro-IL-1β and IL-6 in monocytes was lower in 2-month-old infants compared to adults. |
| 744 | 24205068 | TLR 7/8-induced production of pro-IL-1β and IL-6 in monocytes was lower in 2-month-old infants compared to adults. |
| 745 | 24205068 | TLR 7/8-induced production of pro-IL-1β and IL-6 in monocytes was lower in 2-month-old infants compared to adults. |
| 746 | 24205068 | Lower TLR-induced production of pro-IL-1β and IL-6 in innate immune cells during early infancy likely contributes to suboptimal vaccine responses and infectious diseases susceptibility. |
| 747 | 24205068 | Lower TLR-induced production of pro-IL-1β and IL-6 in innate immune cells during early infancy likely contributes to suboptimal vaccine responses and infectious diseases susceptibility. |
| 748 | 24205068 | Lower TLR-induced production of pro-IL-1β and IL-6 in innate immune cells during early infancy likely contributes to suboptimal vaccine responses and infectious diseases susceptibility. |
| 749 | 24205068 | Lower TLR-induced production of pro-IL-1β and IL-6 in innate immune cells during early infancy likely contributes to suboptimal vaccine responses and infectious diseases susceptibility. |
| 750 | 24198430 | Infection of DC with either M51R or M51R-F vector induced the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-6 and increased surface expression of T cell costimulatory molecules. |
| 751 | 24172018 | Simultaneously, the expressions of genes coding for immunoregulatory molecules involved in innate and acquired responses, including IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TCRα, IgM, C-type lysozyme and MHC-IIα were analyzed by quantitative PCR. |
| 752 | 24156030 | With curcumin before tumor development in the combination therapy, the production of IL-6 was significantly decreased and IL-12 increased by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), in correlation with improved CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in blood. |
| 753 | 24154870 | Systemic inhibition of TLR9, but not TLR4, delayed tumor recurrence in mouse models of B16 melanoma, MB49 bladder cancer, and CT26 colon cancer after localized high-dose tumor irradiation. |
| 754 | 24154870 | The tumorigenic effects of TLR9 depended on MyD88/NF-κB-mediated upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6 expression, which in turn resulted in downstream activation of Jak/STAT3 signaling in myeloid cells. |
| 755 | 24154870 | In comparing global gene expression in wild-type, TLR9-, or STAT3-deficient myeloid cells derived from irradiated tumors, we identified a unique set of TLR9/STAT3-regulated genes involved in tumor-promoting inflammation and revascularization. |
| 756 | 24154870 | Blocking STAT3 function by two myeloid-specific genetic strategies corrected TLR9-mediated cancer recurrence after radiotherapy. |
| 757 | 24154870 | Our results suggest that combining localized tumor irradiation with myeloid cell-specific inhibition of TLR9/STAT3 signaling may help eliminate radioresistant cancers. |
| 758 | 24145856 | Typhi GroEL and IL-22 gene augments immune responses against Salmonella infection. |
| 759 | 24145856 | In this study, the immunomodulatory effect of Interleukin 22 (IL-22) as an adjuvant was studied by DNA vaccination with S. |
| 760 | 24145856 | Further, DNA construct of IL-22 gene fused with GroEL was developed and immunization studies were carried out in mice. |
| 761 | 24145856 | Co-immunization (IL-22+GroEL) further resulted in increase in T-cell proliferative responses, antibody titres (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) and secretion of IFNγ (Th1), IL-1β and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6) cytokines. |
| 762 | 24145856 | Improved protective efficacy (90%) against lethal challenge by Salmonella was observed with IL-22-GroEL co-expressing DNA vector as compared with plasmid encoding GroEL only (50-60%) or co-immunization group (75-80%). |
| 763 | 24145856 | This study thus shows that co-expression of IL-22 and GroEL genes enhances the immune responses and protective efficacy, circumventing the need of any adjuvant. |
| 764 | 24135589 | The in vivo results showed that the mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-12, interferon-γ, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 21 in upper respiratory tract tissues increased significantly in the early period after intranasal immunization with inactivated avian H5N1 influenza virus (IAIV) and CpG-ODN (P < 0.01). |
| 765 | 24135577 | The vaccine, human papillomavirus peptides with Candida, demonstrated partial maturation effects on Langerhans cells indicated by significantly up-regulated CD40 (p=0.00007) and CD80 (p<0.00001) levels, and showed T-cell proliferative capacity (p<0.00001) when presented by Langerhans cells in vitro. |
| 766 | 24135577 | The cytokine profile (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-23Ap19, IFN-γ and TNF-α) of Langerhans cells treated with the vaccine or Candida alone showed that IL-12p40 mRNA was most frequently induced, and IL-12p70 protein was detected in the supernatants. |
| 767 | 24135577 | The presence of pattern recognition receptors known to associate with Candida albicans (DC-SIGN, dectin-1, dectin-2, galectin-3, mincle, mannose receptor, Toll-like receptors-1, 2, 4, 6 and 9) were demonstrated in all subjects. |
| 768 | 24099936 | The results showed that PFM at high and medium doses was able to overcome the CTX-induced immunosuppression, significantly increases the immune organ indexes, enhances lymphocyte proliferation and improves the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-6 in serum when compared with PF. |
| 769 | 24099705 | Exposing SiO2@LDH nanoparticles to macrophages caused a higher dose-dependent expression of IFN-γ, IL-6, CD86 and MHC II, compared with SiO2 and LDH respectively. |
| 770 | 24082079 | The levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, increased following OMV infection. |
| 771 | 24075482 | However, the secretion of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-12 by RAW264.7 cells was affected by GE33. |
| 772 | 24069354 | The viral gene A46R is not required for virus replication in primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells and its deletion in NYVAC-C markedly increases TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by human macrophages. |
| 773 | 24069354 | Analysis of the immune responses elicited in BALB/c mice after DNA prime/NYVAC boost immunization shows that deletion of A46R improves the magnitude of the HIV-1-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell immune responses during adaptive and memory phases, maintains the functional profile observed with the parental NYVAC-C and enhances anti-gp120 humoral response during the memory phase. |
| 774 | 24046412 | The results showed that both anti-avian influenza virus (AIV) specific secretory IgA level in respiratory tract and anti-AIV specific IgG level in serum significantly increased, as well as the expressions of IL-12, interferon-γ, IL-6, and TLR in the nasal cavity and trachea after intranasal immunization with IAIV and TLR ligand. |
| 775 | 24046412 | The results showed that both anti-avian influenza virus (AIV) specific secretory IgA level in respiratory tract and anti-AIV specific IgG level in serum significantly increased, as well as the expressions of IL-12, interferon-γ, IL-6, and TLR in the nasal cavity and trachea after intranasal immunization with IAIV and TLR ligand. |
| 776 | 24046412 | Among the used TLR ligands, B. subtilis spores as the adjuvant for nasal IAIV had the strongest effect on the expression of IL-6 and IL-12 (P < 0.01), whereas the CpG-ODN could present an advantageous effect on the induction of anti-AIV specific IgG and neutralization antibodies (P < 0.01). |
| 777 | 24046412 | Among the used TLR ligands, B. subtilis spores as the adjuvant for nasal IAIV had the strongest effect on the expression of IL-6 and IL-12 (P < 0.01), whereas the CpG-ODN could present an advantageous effect on the induction of anti-AIV specific IgG and neutralization antibodies (P < 0.01). |
| 778 | 24043884 | The roles of IRF-3 and IRF-7 in innate antiviral immunity against dengue virus. |
| 779 | 24043884 | We investigated the roles of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and IRF-7 in innate antiviral immunity against dengue virus (DENV). |
| 780 | 24043884 | IFN-α/β was induced similarly in wild-type and Irf-3(-/-) mice post-DENV infection, whereas in the Irf-7(-/-) and Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice, significantly low levels of IFN-α/β expression was observed within 24 hpi. |
| 781 | 24043884 | IFN-stimulated gene induction was also delayed in Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice relative to wild-type and single-deficient mice. |
| 782 | 24043884 | In particular, Cxcl10 and Ifnα2 were rapidly induced independently of both IRF-3 and IRF-7 in the Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice with DENV infection. |
| 783 | 24043884 | Higher levels of serum IFN-γ, IL-6, CXCL10, IL-8, IL-12 p70, and TNF were also observed in Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice 24 hpi, at which time point viral titers peaked and started to be cleared. |
| 784 | 24043884 | Ab-mediated blockade experiments revealed that IFN-γ, CXCL10, and CXCR3 function to restrict DENV replication in Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice. |
| 785 | 24043884 | Additionally, the IFN-stimulated genes Cxcl10, Ifit1, Ifit3, and Mx2 can be induced via an IRF-3- and IRF-7-independent pathway that does not involve IFN-γ signaling for protection against DENV. |
| 786 | 24043884 | Collectively, these results demonstrate that IRF-3 and IRF-7 are redundant, albeit IRF-7 plays a more important role than IRF-3 in inducing the initial IFN-α/β response; only the combined actions of IRF-3 and IRF-7 are necessary for efficient control of early DENV infection; and the late, IRF-3- and IRF-7-independent pathway contributes to anti-DENV immunity. |
| 787 | 24035752 | The transcription levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α were significantly up-regulated in the gills at 3 days following exposure to the bacterin. |
| 788 | 24035752 | There was also a corresponding increase in IL-8 receptor, CD4-1, CD4-2 and CD8α transcript levels in the gills. |
| 789 | 24015257 | Herein, the effects of a PAR1 agonist and a PAR1 antagonist on hMPV infection were investigated in BALB/c mice. |
| 790 | 24015257 | Intranasal administration of the PAR1 agonist resulted in increased weight loss and mortality of infected mice. |
| 791 | 24015257 | Conversely, the PAR1 antagonist was beneficial to hMPV infection by decreasing weight loss and clinical signs and by significantly reducing pulmonary inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (including IL-6, KC and MCP-1) and recruitment of immune cells to the lungs. |
| 792 | 24015257 | In addition, a significant reduction in pulmonary viral titers was also observed in the lungs of PAR1 antagonist-treated mice. |
| 793 | 24015257 | Despite no apparent direct effect on virus replication during in vitro experiments, an important role for PAR1 in the regulation of furin expression in the lungs was shown for the first time. |
| 794 | 24015257 | Further experiments indicated that the hMPV fusion protein can be cleaved by furin thus suggesting that PAR1 could have an effect on viral infectivity in addition to its immunomodulatory properties. |
| 795 | 24015257 | Thus, inhibition of PAR1 by selected antagonists could represent an interesting strategy for decreasing the severity of paramyxovirus infections. |
| 796 | 24010941 | Inactivated influenza virus vaccine is efficient and reduces IL-4 and IL-6 in allergic asthma mice. |
| 797 | 23950909 | Flow cytometric analysis showed the increase in IFN-γ correlated with a significantly higher level of proliferation of CD4, CD8 and γδT cells and an increased expression of CD25 and CD45R0 in MAP316F vaccinated animals as compared to control animals. |
| 798 | 23950909 | Evaluation of a range of cytokines involved in Th1, Th2, Treg, and Th17 immune responses by quantitative PCR showed low levels of expression of Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α) in the Sal-Ag immunized group. |
| 799 | 23950909 | Significant levels of Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines transcripts (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β) were expressed but their level was low and with a pattern similar to the control group. |
| 800 | 23945160 | We found that higher concentrations of CXCL13 and lower concentrations of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in serum were associated with higher odds for clinically evident Lyme neuroborreliosis compared to suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis, as well as to TBE. |
| 801 | 23945160 | The concentrations of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and CXCL13 in the CSF were higher in patients with evident Lyme neuroborreliosis than in those who were only suspected to have the disease. |
| 802 | 23877655 | BM-derived DCs infected by ad-shRNA-SOCS1 were pulsed with the HPV16mE7 protein and then were transfused into mouse models bearing TC-1 tumor cells expressing HPV16 E6/E7. |
| 803 | 23877655 | IFN-γ, cytokine (TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6) expression, anti-E7 antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) levels were measured. |
| 804 | 23874845 | High-dose gp96 immunization elicited rapid and long-lasting protection of mice against concanavalin A (Con A)-and anti-CD137-induced liver injury, as evidenced by decreased alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels, hepatic necrosis, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6), and number of IFN-γ (+) CD4(+) and IFN-γ (+) CD8(+) T cells in the spleen and liver. |
| 805 | 23874845 | In contrast, CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg frequency and suppressive function were both increased, and the protective effect of gp96 could be generated by adoptive transfer of Treg cells from gp96-immunized mice. |
| 806 | 23874845 | In vitro co-culture experiments demonstrated that gp96 stimulation enhanced Treg proliferation and suppressive function, and up-regulation of Foxp3, IL-10, and TGF-β1 induced by gp96 was dependent on TLR2- and TLR4-mediated NF-κB activation. |
| 807 | 23874581 | Mesothelin virus-like particle immunization controls pancreatic cancer growth through CD8+ T cell induction and reduction in the frequency of CD4+ foxp3+ ICOS- regulatory T cells. |
| 808 | 23874581 | Mesothelin virus-like particle immunization controls pancreatic cancer growth through CD8+ T cell induction and reduction in the frequency of CD4+ foxp3+ ICOS- regulatory T cells. |
| 809 | 23874581 | In addition to what we have found with xenogeneic human MSLN-VLP (hMSLN-VLP), mMSLN-VLP immunization was able to break the tolerance to intrinsic MSLN and mount mMSLN-specific, cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells which led to a significant reduction in tumor volume and prolonged survival in an orthotopic PC mouse model. |
| 810 | 23874581 | In addition to what we have found with xenogeneic human MSLN-VLP (hMSLN-VLP), mMSLN-VLP immunization was able to break the tolerance to intrinsic MSLN and mount mMSLN-specific, cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells which led to a significant reduction in tumor volume and prolonged survival in an orthotopic PC mouse model. |
| 811 | 23874581 | Furthermore, CD4(+)foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) were progressively decreased in both spleen and tumor tissues following mMSLN-VLP immunization and this was at least partly due to elevated levels of IL-6 production from activated plasmocytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-like cells following mMSLN-VLP immunization. |
| 812 | 23874581 | Furthermore, CD4(+)foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) were progressively decreased in both spleen and tumor tissues following mMSLN-VLP immunization and this was at least partly due to elevated levels of IL-6 production from activated plasmocytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-like cells following mMSLN-VLP immunization. |
| 813 | 23874581 | Moreover, mMSLN-VLP treatment mainly reduced the frequency of the CD4(+)foxp3(+)ICOS(-) Treg subset. |
| 814 | 23874581 | Moreover, mMSLN-VLP treatment mainly reduced the frequency of the CD4(+)foxp3(+)ICOS(-) Treg subset. |
| 815 | 23874581 | However, mMSLN-VLP induced IL-6 production also increased ICOSL expression on pDC-like cells which supported the proliferation of immunosuppressive CD4(+)foxp3(+)ICOS(+) Treg cells. |
| 816 | 23874581 | However, mMSLN-VLP induced IL-6 production also increased ICOSL expression on pDC-like cells which supported the proliferation of immunosuppressive CD4(+)foxp3(+)ICOS(+) Treg cells. |
| 817 | 23874581 | This study reveals that mMSLN-VLP immunization is capable of controlling PC progression by effectively mounting an immune response against mMSLN, a tumor self-antigen, and altering the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment via activation of pDCs-like cells and reduction in the frequency of CD4(+)foxp3(+)ICOS(-) Treg cells. |
| 818 | 23874581 | This study reveals that mMSLN-VLP immunization is capable of controlling PC progression by effectively mounting an immune response against mMSLN, a tumor self-antigen, and altering the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment via activation of pDCs-like cells and reduction in the frequency of CD4(+)foxp3(+)ICOS(-) Treg cells. |
| 819 | 23874581 | However, combination therapies will likely need to be used in order to target residual CD4(+)foxp3(+)ICOS(+) Treg cells. |
| 820 | 23874581 | However, combination therapies will likely need to be used in order to target residual CD4(+)foxp3(+)ICOS(+) Treg cells. |
| 821 | 23873619 | Expression of IL-2 (4.5-fold) and IFN-γ (3.2-fold), followed by IL-6 (1.7-fold) and IL-4 (1.6-fold), with downregulation of TNF-α and IL-10 was observed in response to F. gigantica infection in these animals. |
| 822 | 23873619 | Expression of IL-2 (4.5-fold) and IFN-γ (3.2-fold), followed by IL-6 (1.7-fold) and IL-4 (1.6-fold), with downregulation of TNF-α and IL-10 was observed in response to F. gigantica infection in these animals. |
| 823 | 23873619 | However, there was a sharp increase in the expression of the IL-4 (211.93 and 111.81-fold) and IL-6 mRNA (219.22 and 48.29-fold) to GST and FABP immunizations, respectively. |
| 824 | 23873619 | However, there was a sharp increase in the expression of the IL-4 (211.93 and 111.81-fold) and IL-6 mRNA (219.22 and 48.29-fold) to GST and FABP immunizations, respectively. |
| 825 | 23873619 | A downregulation of the IL-1α, a Th1 cytokine in response to FABP and GST immunization in these calves, was also observed. |
| 826 | 23873619 | A downregulation of the IL-1α, a Th1 cytokine in response to FABP and GST immunization in these calves, was also observed. |
| 827 | 23863505 | Likewise, feeding the BT peptides primed the cecal tissue for increased transcription of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-18, type I and II IFNs) and inflammatory chemokine (CxCLi2) in response to S. |
| 828 | 23856333 | The rSLY(P353L) mutant, as compared with hemolytic rSLY, elicited lower levels of IL-6, KC and IL-10 at 3h and 5h post-treatment (p<0.05), indicating that hemolytic activity is associated with rSLY-mediated inflammation. |
| 829 | 23856333 | The rSLY(P353L) mutant, as compared with hemolytic rSLY, elicited lower levels of IL-6, KC and IL-10 at 3h and 5h post-treatment (p<0.05), indicating that hemolytic activity is associated with rSLY-mediated inflammation. |
| 830 | 23856333 | However, immunization with rSLY(P353L) caused significantly reduced levels of KC and IL-1β at 6 and 9h post-challenge and IL-6 at 9h post-challenge (p<0.05). |
| 831 | 23856333 | However, immunization with rSLY(P353L) caused significantly reduced levels of KC and IL-1β at 6 and 9h post-challenge and IL-6 at 9h post-challenge (p<0.05). |
| 832 | 23846127 | One hundred and fifty-eight individuals (mean ± SD; age 21 ± 3 years, body mass index 22.7 ± 2.7 kg m(2)) were assessed for CMV serostatus, the numbers/proportions of CD4(+) and CD8(+) late differentiated/effector memory cells (i.e. |
| 833 | 23846127 | One hundred and fifty-eight individuals (mean ± SD; age 21 ± 3 years, body mass index 22.7 ± 2.7 kg m(2)) were assessed for CMV serostatus, the numbers/proportions of CD4(+) and CD8(+) late differentiated/effector memory cells (i.e. |
| 834 | 23846127 | CD27(-)CD28(-)/CD45RA(+)), plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and antibody responses to an in vivo antigen challenge (half-dose influenza vaccine). |
| 835 | 23846127 | CD27(-)CD28(-)/CD45RA(+)), plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and antibody responses to an in vivo antigen challenge (half-dose influenza vaccine). |
| 836 | 23846127 | A higher lymphocyte and CD8(+) count (both p < 0.01) and a lower CD4/CD8 ratio (p < 0.03) were observed in CMV(+) people. |
| 837 | 23846127 | A higher lymphocyte and CD8(+) count (both p < 0.01) and a lower CD4/CD8 ratio (p < 0.03) were observed in CMV(+) people. |
| 838 | 23846127 | Eight percent (4/58) of CMV(+) individuals exhibited a CD4/CD8 ratio <1.0, whereas no CMV(-) donor showed an inverted ratio (p < 0.001). |
| 839 | 23846127 | Eight percent (4/58) of CMV(+) individuals exhibited a CD4/CD8 ratio <1.0, whereas no CMV(-) donor showed an inverted ratio (p < 0.001). |
| 840 | 23846127 | The numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+)CD27(-)CD28(-)/CD45RA(+) cells were ~ fourfold higher in CMV(+) people (p < 0.001). |
| 841 | 23846127 | The numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+)CD27(-)CD28(-)/CD45RA(+) cells were ~ fourfold higher in CMV(+) people (p < 0.001). |
| 842 | 23846127 | Plasma IL-6 was higher in CMV(+) donors (p < 0.05) and showed a positive association with the numbers of CD8(+)CD28(-) cells (p < 0.03). |
| 843 | 23846127 | Plasma IL-6 was higher in CMV(+) donors (p < 0.05) and showed a positive association with the numbers of CD8(+)CD28(-) cells (p < 0.03). |
| 844 | 23846127 | This reduced vaccination response was associated with greater numbers of total CD8(+) and CD4(+) and CD8(+)CD27(-)CD28(-)/CD45RA(+) cells (p < 0.05). |
| 845 | 23846127 | This reduced vaccination response was associated with greater numbers of total CD8(+) and CD4(+) and CD8(+)CD27(-)CD28(-)/CD45RA(+) cells (p < 0.05). |
| 846 | 23825389 | DCs treated with RpfB displayed features of mature and functional status, with elevated expression of cell surface molecules (CD80, CD86, and MHC class I and II) and proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70). |
| 847 | 23825389 | RpfB-treated DCs effectively polarized naïve CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to secrete IFN-γ and IL-2. |
| 848 | 23825389 | Importantly, RpfB induced the expansion of memory CD4(+)/CD8(+)CD44(high)CD62L(low) T cells in the spleen of M. tuberculosis-infected mice. |
| 849 | 23825193 | We previously reported that sepsis differentially represses transcription and translation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) to reprogram sepsis inflammation. |
| 850 | 23825193 | We previously reported that sepsis differentially represses transcription and translation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) to reprogram sepsis inflammation. |
| 851 | 23825193 | We showed that phosphorylation-dependent activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and translation disruption of TNF-α and IL-6 follow increased MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) expression and that MKP-1 knockdown rephosphorylates p38 and restores the capacity to translate TNF-α and IL-6 mRNAs. |
| 852 | 23825193 | We showed that phosphorylation-dependent activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and translation disruption of TNF-α and IL-6 follow increased MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) expression and that MKP-1 knockdown rephosphorylates p38 and restores the capacity to translate TNF-α and IL-6 mRNAs. |
| 853 | 23825193 | We also observed that the RNA-binding protein motif 4 (RBM4), a p38 MAPK target, accumulates in an unphosphorylated form in the cytosol in endotoxin-adapted cells, suggesting that dephosphorylated RBM4 may function as a translational repressor. |
| 854 | 23825193 | We also observed that the RNA-binding protein motif 4 (RBM4), a p38 MAPK target, accumulates in an unphosphorylated form in the cytosol in endotoxin-adapted cells, suggesting that dephosphorylated RBM4 may function as a translational repressor. |
| 855 | 23825193 | Moreover, MKP-1 knockdown promotes RBM4 phosphorylation, blocks its transfer from the nucleus to the cytosol, and reverses translation repression. |
| 856 | 23825193 | Moreover, MKP-1 knockdown promotes RBM4 phosphorylation, blocks its transfer from the nucleus to the cytosol, and reverses translation repression. |
| 857 | 23825193 | We also found that microRNA 146a (miR-146a) knockdown prevents and miR-146a transfection induces MKP-1 expression, which lead to increases or decreases in TNF-α and IL-6 translation, respectively. |
| 858 | 23825193 | We also found that microRNA 146a (miR-146a) knockdown prevents and miR-146a transfection induces MKP-1 expression, which lead to increases or decreases in TNF-α and IL-6 translation, respectively. |
| 859 | 23825193 | We conclude that a TLR4-, miR-146a-, p38 MAPK-, and MKP-1-dependent autoregulatory pathway regulates the translation of proinflammatory genes during the acute inflammatory response by spatially and temporally modifying the phosphorylation state of RBM4 translational repressor protein. |
| 860 | 23825193 | We conclude that a TLR4-, miR-146a-, p38 MAPK-, and MKP-1-dependent autoregulatory pathway regulates the translation of proinflammatory genes during the acute inflammatory response by spatially and temporally modifying the phosphorylation state of RBM4 translational repressor protein. |
| 861 | 23823727 | In acute serum samples of H7N9-infected patients, increased levels of the chemokines and cytokines IP-10, MIG, MIP-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-α were detected. |
| 862 | 23817837 | We demonstrated that Egmuc peptides enhance LPS-induced maturation of dendritic cells in vitro by increasing the production of IL-12p40p70 and IL-6 and that Egmuc-treated DCs may activate NK cells, as judged by an increased expression of CD69. |
| 863 | 23798539 | In both neutropenic and neutrophil-replete animals, the local response to infection is characterized by expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 alpha (MIP-2). |
| 864 | 23776172 | In this article, we present a novel role for two potent alarmins, human β-defensin 2 and 3 (HBD2 and 3), in promoting IFN-α production by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. |
| 865 | 23776172 | We demonstrate that HBD2 and 3 activate pDCs by enhancing the intracellular uptake of CpG and self DNA and promote DNA-induced IFN-α production in a TLR9-dependent manner. |
| 866 | 23776172 | Both CpG and host DNA form aggregates that resemble DNA nets when combined with HBD2 and 3. |
| 867 | 23776172 | The i.v. administration of HBD3/CpG complexes induced proinflammatory cytokines like IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-6, IFN-α, and IL-10 in serum, associated with an increased recruitment of APCs in the spleen. |
| 868 | 23768126 | Furthermore, poly I:C or CpG encapsulated in Ac-DEX also showed, in general, a significantly stronger immunostimulatory response than PLGA and unencapsulated CpG or poly I:C, which was indicated by a higher rate of nitric oxide release and increased levels of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ. |
| 869 | 23762309 | Cbl proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases and have been implicated in regulating the functional activity of various immune cells. |
| 870 | 23762309 | Upon TLR-stimulation, cblb-/- BMDCs produce higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α) and exhibit a slightly higher level of FITC-dextran uptake. |
| 871 | 23762309 | To further characterize the functional significance of cblb-/- BMDCs we tested them in antigen-specific T cell responses against ovalbumin (OVA) protein and peptides, activating either CD8(+) OT-I or CD4(+) OT-II transgenic T cells. |
| 872 | 23762309 | We conclude that in contrast to c-Cbl, Cbl-b plays only a limited role in the induction of Ag-specific T cell responses by murine BMDCs in vitro and in vivo. |
| 873 | 23708146 | The immunization of mice with recombinant PE3 protein stimulated the secretion of TNF, IL-6 and IL-2 cytokines and generated strong protective immunity against challenge with live mycobacteria, which was evidenced by decreased viable bacilli in the lungs, histopathological changes and increased survival of PE3 immunized mice. |
| 874 | 23707076 | Previous published studies showed that vaccination with Ag85A/ESAT-6 bio-beads induced antigen-specific IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-2 in splenocytes, but no significant increase in IL-4, IL-5 or IL-10. |
| 875 | 23707076 | New results showed that antigen-specific IFN-γ release was induced by both CD4 and CD8 T cells in mice vaccinated with the Ag85A/ESAT-6 bio-beads. |
| 876 | 23700434 | CD14(+) dermal DCs (CD14(+) DDCs) have a natural capacity to activate naïve B-cells. |
| 877 | 23700434 | Targeting CD14(+) DDCs is therefore a rational approach for vaccination strategies aimed at improving humoral responses towards poorly immunogenic antigens, for example, HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env). |
| 878 | 23700434 | Here, we show that two clinically relevant TLR ligand combinations, Hiltonol plus Resiquimod and Glucopyranosyl lipid A plus Resiquimod, potently activate CD14(+) DDCs, as shown by enhanced expression of multiple cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40 and TNF-α). |
| 879 | 23700434 | Furthermore, the responses of CD14(+) DDCs to these TLR ligands were not compromised by the presence of HIV-1 gp120, which can drive immunosuppressive effects in vitro and in vivo. |
| 880 | 23700434 | The above TLR ligand pairs were better than the individual agents at boosting the inherent capacity of CD14(+) DDCs to induce naïve B-cells to proliferate and differentiate into CD27(+) CD38(+) B-cells that secrete high levels of immunoglobulins. |
| 881 | 23700434 | CD14(+) DDCs stimulated by these TLR ligand combinations also promoted the differentiation of Th1 (IFN-γ-secreting), but not Th17, CD4(+) T-cells. |
| 882 | 23687150 | After the oral administration of IAIV combined with CpG DNA and glucose, the expression levels of interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 in the small intestine tissues increased significantly in the early period after booster immunization relative to the levels after immunization with IAIV and a single adjuvant. |
| 883 | 23684833 | IL-8 and to a lesser extent IL-6 and IL-1β were observed early after inoculation and IL-12 secretion could be measured till late in infection. |
| 884 | 23643867 | The initial findings presented herein show no detectable induction of the key inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1 or IL-6, suggesting a novel "non-inflammatory" adjuvant mechanism. |
| 885 | 23639427 | Our findings indicate that YFV infection does affect the transcriptional and translational expression of FBG and PAI-1 in human hepatocytes and that these results are further affected by IL-6 during early stages of infection. |
| 886 | 23637043 | At 24 h after LPS injection, renal glomerular hypercellularity and hepatocellular injury were observed in both strains, accompanying further elevated serum levels of creatinine and alanine aminotransferase in TRPV1(-/-) mice compared to those in WT mice. |
| 887 | 23637043 | At 6 or 24 h after LPS injection, neutrophil recruitment into kidneys and livers, serum cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6) and renal chemokine (KC, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 [MIP-2]) levels, and renal VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression were greater in TRPV1(-/-) mice than WT mice. |
| 888 | 23637043 | In addition, increased plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels observed in WT mice 6 h after LPS injection were absent in TRPV1(-/-) mice. |
| 889 | 23631767 | Cytokine production from BMDCs treated with the AuNP-Es revealed that only Rod-E-treated cells produced significant levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), indicating that Rod-Es activated inflammasome-dependent cytokine secretion. |
| 890 | 23631767 | Meanwhile, Sphere40-Es and Cube-Es both significantly induced inflammatory cytokine production, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-12, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). |
| 891 | 23618257 | On the basis of previous test that selenizing Chinese angelica polysaccharides (sCAPs) with stronger immune-enhancing activity in vitro were picked out, the immune-enhancing activity in vivo of three sCAPs, sCAP2, sCAP6 and sCAP8, at high and low dosage were compared taking the unmodified Chinese angelica polysaccharide (CAP) as control by determination of peripheral lymphocyte proliferation, serum antibody titer, IFN-γ and IL-6 contents in chicken vaccinated with Newcastle Disease vaccine. |
| 892 | 23618257 | On the basis of previous test that selenizing Chinese angelica polysaccharides (sCAPs) with stronger immune-enhancing activity in vitro were picked out, the immune-enhancing activity in vivo of three sCAPs, sCAP2, sCAP6 and sCAP8, at high and low dosage were compared taking the unmodified Chinese angelica polysaccharide (CAP) as control by determination of peripheral lymphocyte proliferation, serum antibody titer, IFN-γ and IL-6 contents in chicken vaccinated with Newcastle Disease vaccine. |
| 893 | 23618257 | The results showed that three sCAPs at suitable dosage could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation, enhance serum antibody titer, IFN-γ and IL-6 contents as compared with unmodified CAP, sCAP2 at low dosage possessed the strongest action. |
| 894 | 23618257 | The results showed that three sCAPs at suitable dosage could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation, enhance serum antibody titer, IFN-γ and IL-6 contents as compared with unmodified CAP, sCAP2 at low dosage possessed the strongest action. |
| 895 | 23618257 | These results indicated that selenylation modification could significantly enhance the immune-enhancing activity of CAP, sCAP2 possessed the best efficacy and would be as a component drug of new-type immunoenhancer. |
| 896 | 23618257 | These results indicated that selenylation modification could significantly enhance the immune-enhancing activity of CAP, sCAP2 possessed the best efficacy and would be as a component drug of new-type immunoenhancer. |
| 897 | 23616409 | Stimulation of human macrophages with T. forsythia LPS resulted in the production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 898 | 23615823 | C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured as markers of inflammation. |
| 899 | 23615823 | C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured as markers of inflammation. |
| 900 | 23615823 | When compared with sham placebo, the influenza vaccination caused a significant increase in CRP (p < 0.05) and IL-6 (p < 0.05). |
| 901 | 23615823 | When compared with sham placebo, the influenza vaccination caused a significant increase in CRP (p < 0.05) and IL-6 (p < 0.05). |
| 902 | 23611298 | Reactivation of latent herpesviruses can directly alter host cytokine profiles through viral expression of cytokine-like proteins, such as IL-10 (EBV) or IL-6 (cytomegalovirus and HHV8), viral encoded and secreted siRNA and microRNAs, and modulation of expression of host transcription pathways, such as nuclear factor κB. |
| 903 | 23602433 | Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) was used to determine transcript levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and IFN-α from these cells. |
| 904 | 23577175 | The pro-inflammatory cytokines tested Interleukin (IL)-6, IL17A, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α did not influence IFN-α responses except TNF-α, which promoted responses induced by FMDV. |
| 905 | 23577175 | The haematopoietic cytokines Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-L) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) had enhancing effects on pDC activation at least in one of the protocols tested. |
| 906 | 23577175 | Interestingly, also the Th2 cytokine IL-4 was an efficient promoter of pDC activity, while IL-10 was the only negative regulator of IFN-α in pDC identified. |
| 907 | 23566846 | Furthermore, tumor microenvironment consists of immunosuppressive cells that release immunosuppressive factors including IL-6, IL-10, IDO, TGFβ or VEGF. |
| 908 | 23554897 | Respiratory infection with the attenuated Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) and the highly virulent SchuS4 strain of Ft engenders intense peribronchiolar and perivascular inflammation, but fails to elicit select pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ) within the first ~72 h. |
| 909 | 23554897 | Respiratory infection with the attenuated Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) and the highly virulent SchuS4 strain of Ft engenders intense peribronchiolar and perivascular inflammation, but fails to elicit select pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ) within the first ~72 h. |
| 910 | 23554897 | Growth of Ft in Muller-Hinton Broth or on Muller-Hinton-based chocolate agar plates or genetic mutation of Ft was found to compromise the structural integrity of the bacterium thus rendering it capable of aberrantly eliciting pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ). |
| 911 | 23554897 | Growth of Ft in Muller-Hinton Broth or on Muller-Hinton-based chocolate agar plates or genetic mutation of Ft was found to compromise the structural integrity of the bacterium thus rendering it capable of aberrantly eliciting pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ). |
| 912 | 23533581 | Involvement of DNA-PKcs in the IL-6 and IL-12 response to CpG-ODN is mediated by its interaction with TRAF6 in dendritic cells. |
| 913 | 23533581 | Involvement of DNA-PKcs in the IL-6 and IL-12 response to CpG-ODN is mediated by its interaction with TRAF6 in dendritic cells. |
| 914 | 23533581 | CpG-ODN activates the TLR9/MyD88/TRAF6 cascade leading to activation of IKK-NF-κB and JNK, which are critical for production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. |
| 915 | 23533581 | CpG-ODN activates the TLR9/MyD88/TRAF6 cascade leading to activation of IKK-NF-κB and JNK, which are critical for production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. |
| 916 | 23533581 | DNA-PKcs-deficient DCs exhibited a defect in the IL-6 and IL-12 response to CpG-ODN in a dose- and time-dependent manner. |
| 917 | 23533581 | DNA-PKcs-deficient DCs exhibited a defect in the IL-6 and IL-12 response to CpG-ODN in a dose- and time-dependent manner. |
| 918 | 23533581 | Loss of DNA-PKcs impaired phosphorylation of IKK, IκBα, NF-κB and JNK in response to CpG-ODN. |
| 919 | 23533581 | Loss of DNA-PKcs impaired phosphorylation of IKK, IκBα, NF-κB and JNK in response to CpG-ODN. |
| 920 | 23522926 | Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a novel IL-6/IL-12 family cytokine, plays an important role in the early regulation of Th1 responses. |
| 921 | 23522926 | The cytokine IL-27 can exert a variety of immune-regulatory functions including cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes activation and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. |
| 922 | 23522926 | Lewis lung cancer cell LL/2 transfected with the DOTAP:cholesterol cationic liposome could express the mouse IL-27 (mIL-27) gene at a relative high level. |
| 923 | 23522926 | Both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were significantly elevated in these mice vaccinated with LL/2-mIL-27 cell vaccine. |
| 924 | 23522926 | Moreover, after depletion of CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes by injection of antibodies against CD4 and CD8, the vaccinated mice inoculated with autologous LL/2 cells were not protected from tumor challenge. |
| 925 | 23508902 | Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts indicated lymphopenia and inverted ratios of CD4(+) to CD8(+) cells. |
| 926 | 23508902 | Cytokine analysis showed that the levels of serum IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-r continued to increase, whereas the levels of IL-12 and TNFs decreased during the clinical course. |
| 927 | 23508902 | MCP-1 and IP-10 remained at a high level after infection. |
| 928 | 23507086 | Molecular pathways upregulated by MA-CNTs included IL6, CD40, dendritic cell maturation, tumor necrosis factor-(TNF)-α/TNFR1-2, NFKB signaling and T helper 1 chemokine pathways (CXCR3 and CCR5 ligand pathways). |
| 929 | 23507086 | Molecular pathways upregulated by MA-CNTs included IL6, CD40, dendritic cell maturation, tumor necrosis factor-(TNF)-α/TNFR1-2, NFKB signaling and T helper 1 chemokine pathways (CXCR3 and CCR5 ligand pathways). |
| 930 | 23507086 | To confirm the results at protein level, the secretion of IL1β, TNFα, IL6 and IL10 by THP1 and primary monocytes was assessed by ELISA, corroborating gene-expression data. |
| 931 | 23507086 | To confirm the results at protein level, the secretion of IL1β, TNFα, IL6 and IL10 by THP1 and primary monocytes was assessed by ELISA, corroborating gene-expression data. |
| 932 | 23500517 | Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and CXCL1 with increased neutrophil influx into the lungs were observed in uninfected mice after intranasal administration of LL-37. |
| 933 | 23500517 | Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and CXCL1 with increased neutrophil influx into the lungs were observed in uninfected mice after intranasal administration of LL-37. |
| 934 | 23500517 | Following LVS challenge, LL-37 administration resulted in increased IL-6, IL-12 p70, IFNγ and MCP-1 production, a slowing of LVS growth in the lung, and a significant extension of mean time to death compared to control mice. |
| 935 | 23500517 | Following LVS challenge, LL-37 administration resulted in increased IL-6, IL-12 p70, IFNγ and MCP-1 production, a slowing of LVS growth in the lung, and a significant extension of mean time to death compared to control mice. |
| 936 | 23490555 | TBLF collected immediately prior to challenge and at 21 d and 35 d post-challenge was also assayed for levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), and for bacterial load (by qPCR). |
| 937 | 23490555 | TBLF collected immediately prior to challenge and at 21 d and 35 d post-challenge was also assayed for levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), and for bacterial load (by qPCR). |
| 938 | 23490555 | Plasmin activity was also significantly correlated with levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 at 21 d (r=0.78, P<0.0001; r=0.77, P<0.0001; r=0.64, P<0.005) and with TNF-α and IL-1β at 35 d post-challenge (r=0.77, P<0.0001; r=0.74, P<0.0005). |
| 939 | 23490555 | Plasmin activity was also significantly correlated with levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 at 21 d (r=0.78, P<0.0001; r=0.77, P<0.0001; r=0.64, P<0.005) and with TNF-α and IL-1β at 35 d post-challenge (r=0.77, P<0.0001; r=0.74, P<0.0005). |
| 940 | 23486418 | In addition, children with active TB had significantly elevated levels of C-reactive protein, α-2 macroglobulin, and haptoglobin, as well as hemoxygenase 1. |
| 941 | 23486418 | Markers of innate immune activation (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein [LBP]) were significantly lower in ETB than in PTB children. |
| 942 | 23486418 | Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in their levels of cytokines (type 1 [gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-12], type 2 [IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33], and most type 17 [IL-17A, IL-22, IL-1β, and IL-6] and type 1 interferons [IFN-α and IFN-β]) or most of the cytokines associated with immune modulation (IL-10 and IL-20), pediatric TB was associated with elevated plasma transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), IL-21, and IL-23 levels. |
| 943 | 23465765 | Transcripts for interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15, and interferon-γ were increased, while mRNAs for IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased, in immunized chickens compared with salinomycin-treated chickens. |
| 944 | 23451246 | EV71 viral loads were evident in the tissues and CNS accompanied the upregulated pro-inflammatory mediators (CXCL10, CCL3, TNF-α, and IL-6), correlating to recruitment of the infiltrated T lymphocytes that result in severe diseases. |
| 945 | 23447690 | Cutting edge: STAT1 is required for IL-6-mediated Bcl6 induction for early follicular helper cell differentiation. |
| 946 | 23447690 | Cutting edge: STAT1 is required for IL-6-mediated Bcl6 induction for early follicular helper cell differentiation. |
| 947 | 23447690 | Cutting edge: STAT1 is required for IL-6-mediated Bcl6 induction for early follicular helper cell differentiation. |
| 948 | 23447690 | Cutting edge: STAT1 is required for IL-6-mediated Bcl6 induction for early follicular helper cell differentiation. |
| 949 | 23447690 | We found that early Bcl6(+)CXCR5(+) Tfh differentiation was severely impaired in the absence of IL-6; however, STAT3 deficiency failed to recapitulate that defect. |
| 950 | 23447690 | We found that early Bcl6(+)CXCR5(+) Tfh differentiation was severely impaired in the absence of IL-6; however, STAT3 deficiency failed to recapitulate that defect. |
| 951 | 23447690 | We found that early Bcl6(+)CXCR5(+) Tfh differentiation was severely impaired in the absence of IL-6; however, STAT3 deficiency failed to recapitulate that defect. |
| 952 | 23447690 | We found that early Bcl6(+)CXCR5(+) Tfh differentiation was severely impaired in the absence of IL-6; however, STAT3 deficiency failed to recapitulate that defect. |
| 953 | 23447690 | IL-6R signaling activates the transcription factor STAT1 specifically in CD4 T cells. |
| 954 | 23447690 | IL-6R signaling activates the transcription factor STAT1 specifically in CD4 T cells. |
| 955 | 23447690 | IL-6R signaling activates the transcription factor STAT1 specifically in CD4 T cells. |
| 956 | 23447690 | IL-6R signaling activates the transcription factor STAT1 specifically in CD4 T cells. |
| 957 | 23447690 | IL-6 mediated STAT3 activation is important for downregulation of IL-2Rα to limit Th1 cell differentiation in an acute viral infection. |
| 958 | 23447690 | IL-6 mediated STAT3 activation is important for downregulation of IL-2Rα to limit Th1 cell differentiation in an acute viral infection. |
| 959 | 23447690 | IL-6 mediated STAT3 activation is important for downregulation of IL-2Rα to limit Th1 cell differentiation in an acute viral infection. |
| 960 | 23447690 | IL-6 mediated STAT3 activation is important for downregulation of IL-2Rα to limit Th1 cell differentiation in an acute viral infection. |
| 961 | 23447690 | Thus, IL-6 signaling is a major early inducer of the Tfh differentiation program unexpectedly mediated by both STAT3 and STAT1 transcription factors. |
| 962 | 23447690 | Thus, IL-6 signaling is a major early inducer of the Tfh differentiation program unexpectedly mediated by both STAT3 and STAT1 transcription factors. |
| 963 | 23447690 | Thus, IL-6 signaling is a major early inducer of the Tfh differentiation program unexpectedly mediated by both STAT3 and STAT1 transcription factors. |
| 964 | 23447690 | Thus, IL-6 signaling is a major early inducer of the Tfh differentiation program unexpectedly mediated by both STAT3 and STAT1 transcription factors. |
| 965 | 23444943 | Lastly, we review novel patents on the use of genetic immunomodulators, such as "universal" T helper epitopes derived from tetanus toxin, E. coli heat labile enterotoxin and vegetable proteins, as well as cytokines, chemokines or costimulatory molecules such as IL-6, IL-15, IL- 21 to amplify immunity against cancer. |
| 966 | 23436220 | The concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and Rantes in serum, and IL-1α in mesenteric lymph node and MIP-1β in spleen were significantly increased by DON treatment compared to control. |
| 967 | 23436220 | The concentrations of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-12, IL-13 and Rantes in thymus, of IL-2 in spleen, and of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF and MCP-1 in mesenteric lymph nodes were significantly decreased in mice compared to those in the Vac group, while concentrations of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, IL-13,G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1α and TNF-α were significantly increased in serum compared to the Vac group. |
| 968 | 23433648 | Cytokine profiling in the co-immunization group showed a significant increase in the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ in the splenocytes of mice upon stimulation with the recombinant Ts87 protein; however, the expression of IL-17 was down-regulated. |
| 969 | 23432484 | We also found that OmpS1 is a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist, whereas OmpS2 is a TLR2 and TLR4 agonist. |
| 970 | 23432484 | Both porins induced the production of tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-6, and OmpS2 was also able to induce interleukin-10 production. |
| 971 | 23416095 | A limited association was found between TRIM5 (rs7122620) and TRIM25 (rs205499) gene polymorphisms and measles-specific antibody levels. |
| 972 | 23416095 | However, many associations were found between TRIM gene SNPs and variations in cellular responses (IFN-γ Elispot and secreted cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). |
| 973 | 23416095 | We also identified polymorphisms in the TRIM5, TRIM22, and TRIM25 genes that were associated with significant differences in cytokine responses. |
| 974 | 23405128 | In the presence of IC31® the differentiation of inflammatory CD1a(+) moDCs and the secretion of chemokines, TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines was inhibited but the production of IFNβ was increased. |
| 975 | 23405128 | Furthermore, long term incubation of moDCs with IC31® caused significantly higher expression of IRF and IFN genes than a single 24 hr treatment. |
| 976 | 23370152 | Four groups of halibut were injected with either: PBS alone, PBS plus OA, 10μg recCP plus OA, or 50μg recCP plus OA. 15 weeks later, half the fish in each group were challenged with nodavirus and the immune response investigated by analysis of: serum levels of recCP-specific halibut immunoglobulins (Igs), and mRNA transcript levels of several T-cell markers (CD3ɛ, Lck, CD4, CD4-2, CD8α and CD8β) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12βc and IFNγ). |
| 977 | 23370152 | Additionally, a better correlation between these markers (apart from the CD8 markers), and the viral RNA2 was also observed in this group, suggesting that the activation of CD4+T-cells might be important in reducing the viral load. |
| 978 | 23345580 | After 24 h of incubation, production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-10 was measured in supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 979 | 23345580 | The combinations of TLR2 and NOD2, TLR5 and NOD2, TLR5 and TLR3, and TLR5 and TLR9 acted as synergistic combinations. |
| 980 | 23345580 | Surprisingly, inhibitory interactions between TLR4 and TLR2, TLR4 and Dectin-1, and TLR2 and TLR9 as well as TLR3 and TLR2 were observed. |
| 981 | 23333431 | For instance, it causes small, mild increases in interleukin-6 (IL-6) within a few hours and C-reactive protein (CRP) within 24h. |
| 982 | 23333431 | For instance, it causes small, mild increases in interleukin-6 (IL-6) within a few hours and C-reactive protein (CRP) within 24h. |
| 983 | 23333431 | For instance, it causes small, mild increases in interleukin-6 (IL-6) within a few hours and C-reactive protein (CRP) within 24h. |
| 984 | 23333431 | Whereas there were no temporal changes in the control condition, the vaccination increased granulocytes, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP (all p's<.05). |
| 985 | 23333431 | Whereas there were no temporal changes in the control condition, the vaccination increased granulocytes, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP (all p's<.05). |
| 986 | 23333431 | Whereas there were no temporal changes in the control condition, the vaccination increased granulocytes, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP (all p's<.05). |
| 987 | 23333431 | Specifically, the granulocytes, IL-6 and TNF-α peaked after 6-8h while CRP peaked after 24h. |
| 988 | 23333431 | Specifically, the granulocytes, IL-6 and TNF-α peaked after 6-8h while CRP peaked after 24h. |
| 989 | 23333431 | Specifically, the granulocytes, IL-6 and TNF-α peaked after 6-8h while CRP peaked after 24h. |
| 990 | 23284979 | Upon differentiation of CD14+ with IL-4 and GM-CSF, DC were induced to maturation with TNF-α, PGE(2), IL-1β, and IL-6. |
| 991 | 23284753 | Neutralisation of IL-1β and IL-23, but not IL-6, suppressed the IL-17A-enhancing effect of dmLT. |
| 992 | 23284753 | Furthermore, CD4+ T cells produced higher levels of IL-17A when stimulated with monocytes pulsed with PPD and dmLT compared to PPD alone, supporting an important role of antigen presenting cells in enhancing IL-17A responses. dmLT also potentiated mitogen-induced IL-17A and IL-13 production. |
| 993 | 23284733 | Furthermore, HCV protein levels in liver tissue also decreased in a CD4 and CD8 T-cell-dependent manner. |
| 994 | 23284733 | We also demonstrated that the onset of chronic hepatitis in CN2-29((+/-))/MxCre((+/-)) mice was mainly attributable to inflammatory cytokines, (tumor necrosis factor) TNF-α and (interleukin) IL-6. |
| 995 | 23243590 | We found that Pam3Cys increases the proliferation of both CD4(+) effector T cells (Teffs) and Tregs co-cultured in vitro, but did not induce the proliferation of Tregs alone upon CD3 and CD28 stimulation. |
| 996 | 23243590 | Teff from Pam3Cys-treated mice produced increased levels of Th1 and Th2-type cytokines and an interleukin (IL)-6-dependent secretion of IL-17 was observed in Teff:Treg co-cultures, suggesting that TLR2 stimulation had skewed the immune response toward a Th17 profile. |
| 997 | 23233675 | Interestingly, knockdown of miR-99b in DCs significantly up-regulated proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1β. |
| 998 | 23230288 | Although LVS-infected IL-6 KO mice produced much less serum amyloid A and haptoglobin (two acute-phase proteins) than WT mice, there were no other obvious pathophysiological differences between LVS-infected WT and IL-6 KO mice. |
| 999 | 23200882 | Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) used for immunotherapy e.g. against cancer are commonly matured by pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and prostaglandin E(2) although the absence of Toll-like receptor mediated activation prevents secretion of IL-12 from DCs and subsequent efficient induction of type 1 effector T cells. |
| 1000 | 23200882 | Standard matured clinical grade DCs "sDCs" were compared with DCs matured with either of two type 1 polarizing maturation cocktails; the alpha-type-1 DCs "αDC1s" (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IFN-α, Poly(I:C)) and "mDCs" (monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), IFN-γ) or a mixed cocktail - "mpDCs", containing MPL, IFN-γ and PGE(2). αDC1s and mDCs secreted IL-12 directly and following re-stimulation with CD40L-expressing cells and they mainly secreted the T effector cell attracting chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5 as opposed to sDCs that mainly secreted CCL22, known to attract regulatory T cells. αDC1s and mDCs were functionally superior to sDCs as they polarized naïve CD4(+) T cells most efficiently into T helper type 1 effector cells and primed more functional MART-1 specific CD8(+) T cells although with variation between donors. αDC1s and mDCs were transiently less capable of CCL21-directed transwell migration than standard matured DCs, likely due to their increased secretion of CCL19, which mediate internalization of CCR7. mpDCs were intermediate between standard and polarized DCs both in terms of IL-12 secretion and transwell migratory ability but functionally they resembled sDCs and strikingly had the highest expression of the inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and CD25. |
| 1001 | 23195035 | Murine macrophages and dendritic cells efficiently (>90%) internalized IO nanoparticles, but only the latter were significantly activated, with elevated expression/secretion of CD86, cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL1-b, IFN-γ, and IL-12), and chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL10). |
| 1002 | 23187316 | Notably, we observed mucosal expression of interleukin-17 (IL-17) as well as IL-6, IL-23, and several cytokines and chemokines that are orchestrated by IL-17 immune responses. |
| 1003 | 23181060 | Because PP GC formation is dependent on the presence of CD4 T cells, we speculate that all IgA responses in the normal gut are directly or indirectly T cell-dependent (TD). |
| 1004 | 23181060 | We hypothesize that the CD4 T cell involvement in gut IgA responses against the microbiota is different from that in systemic responses since cognate T-B cell interactions appear not to be required. |
| 1005 | 23181060 | However, production of IL-21 and IL-6 is more pronounced than in peripheral lymph nodes. |
| 1006 | 23132491 | Intracellular signaling pathways leading to host cell inflammation and innate immunity to Chlamydia include those mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain 1 (Nod1) protein. |
| 1007 | 23132491 | There is evidence that TLR3, TLR4, and, particularly, TLR2 are critical for Chlamydia-mediated host cell activation and pathology. |
| 1008 | 23132491 | Using MOMP formed in pure protein micelles (proteosomes), we show the induction of TLR2-dependent interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-6 secretion in vitro, the involvement of TLR1 as a TLR2 coreceptor, and the activation of both NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase intracellular pathways. |
| 1009 | 23100560 | Of note, synthesis of fibrinogen was dependent on the IL-1-IL-6-Stat3 cascade. |
| 1010 | 23100517 | Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a central role in innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections, including HIV type 1 (HIV-1). pDCs produce substantial quantities of type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines upon stimulation via TLRs, specifically TLR7 or TLR9. |
| 1011 | 23100517 | Specifically, gp120 inhibited the CpG-induced maturation of pDCs and their expression of TNF-α, IL-6, TLR9, IFN regulatory factor 7, and BAFF. |
| 1012 | 23100517 | Receptor-blocking and cross-linking studies showed that these inhibitory effects of gp120 were mediated by interactions with CD4 and mannose-binding C-type lectin receptors, but not with the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. |
| 1013 | 23050463 | In all three duck species, there was up-regulation of IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, CCL19, RIG-I, and MHC class I and down-regulation of MHC class II, but variable expression of IL-18 and TLR7. |
| 1014 | 23015647 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and IL-6 were commonly detected at high levels after stimulation with 4/15 latency antigens (Rv0081, Rv2006, Rv2629, and Rv1733c) and were found especially in supernatants of the three strong IFN-γ inducers (Rv2629, Rv1009, and Rv2389c). |
| 1015 | 23015647 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and IL-6 were commonly detected at high levels after stimulation with 4/15 latency antigens (Rv0081, Rv2006, Rv2629, and Rv1733c) and were found especially in supernatants of the three strong IFN-γ inducers (Rv2629, Rv1009, and Rv2389c). |
| 1016 | 23015647 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and IL-6 were commonly detected at high levels after stimulation with 4/15 latency antigens (Rv0081, Rv2006, Rv2629, and Rv1733c) and were found especially in supernatants of the three strong IFN-γ inducers (Rv2629, Rv1009, and Rv2389c). |
| 1017 | 23015647 | IL-8, IL-6, and IL-17 were exclusively detected after stimulation with Rv0574c, Rv2630, Rv1998, Rv054c, and Rv2028c. |
| 1018 | 23015647 | IL-8, IL-6, and IL-17 were exclusively detected after stimulation with Rv0574c, Rv2630, Rv1998, Rv054c, and Rv2028c. |
| 1019 | 23015647 | IL-8, IL-6, and IL-17 were exclusively detected after stimulation with Rv0574c, Rv2630, Rv1998, Rv054c, and Rv2028c. |
| 1020 | 23015647 | The distinct expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in response to specific subsets of M. tuberculosis antigens may be promising for the development of immunodiagnostics. |
| 1021 | 23015647 | The distinct expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in response to specific subsets of M. tuberculosis antigens may be promising for the development of immunodiagnostics. |
| 1022 | 23015647 | The distinct expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in response to specific subsets of M. tuberculosis antigens may be promising for the development of immunodiagnostics. |
| 1023 | 22969912 | As shown by multivariate Cox regression analysis, lower interleukin-6 (IL-6) and higher albumin levels prior to vaccination and greater numbers of selected vaccine peptides were significantly favorable factors for overall survival [hazard ratio (HR)=1.123, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.008-1.252, P=0.035; HR=0.158, 95% CI 0.029-0.860, P=0.033; HR=0.258, 95% CI 0.098-0.682, P=0.006; respectively]. |
| 1024 | 22962966 | Induction of IL-6 and CCL5 (RANTES) in human respiratory epithelial (A549) cells by clinical isolates of respiratory syncytial virus is strain specific. |
| 1025 | 22956655 | These synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs) specifically reduced cytokine production in response to Staphylococcus aureus and the S. aureus component lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a TLR2 agonist. |
| 1026 | 22956655 | These synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs) specifically reduced cytokine production in response to Staphylococcus aureus and the S. aureus component lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a TLR2 agonist. |
| 1027 | 22956655 | Anti-inflammatory SMAMPs prevented the induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-10 in response to S. aureus or LTA, but no other TLR2 ligands. |
| 1028 | 22956655 | Anti-inflammatory SMAMPs prevented the induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-10 in response to S. aureus or LTA, but no other TLR2 ligands. |
| 1029 | 22956655 | We show that these SMAMPs bind specifically to LTA in vitro and prevent its interaction with TLR2. |
| 1030 | 22956655 | We show that these SMAMPs bind specifically to LTA in vitro and prevent its interaction with TLR2. |
| 1031 | 22956655 | Importantly, the SMAMP greatly reduced the induction of TNF and IL-6 in vivo in mice acutely infected with S. aureus while simultaneously reducing bacterial loads dramatically (4 log(10)). |
| 1032 | 22956655 | Importantly, the SMAMP greatly reduced the induction of TNF and IL-6 in vivo in mice acutely infected with S. aureus while simultaneously reducing bacterial loads dramatically (4 log(10)). |
| 1033 | 22930672 | Control of adaptive immune responses by Staphylococcus aureus through IL-10, PD-L1, and TLR2. |
| 1034 | 22930672 | Herein we report that Staphylococcus aureus induces IL-10, Th17-inducing cytokines IL-6 and IL-23, chemokines, and regulates dendritic cell markers. |
| 1035 | 22930672 | S. aureus inhibits T-cell IL-2 responses through modulation of HLA-DR, CD86 and PD-L1. |
| 1036 | 22930672 | IFN-gamma, Src kinase inhibitors, or TLR2 antibodies prevented the down-modulation of HLA-DR by S. aureus. |
| 1037 | 22930672 | IL-10 and PD-L1 antagonists may boost immunity to vaccines for S. aureus and other microbes. |
| 1038 | 22904313 | Peripheral blood monocytes were treated with GM-CSF and IL-4 to yield immature DCs, which were matured by addition of LPS and CD40 ligand (CD40L), with or without ESAT-6. |
| 1039 | 22904313 | ESAT-6 inhibited LPS/CD40L-induced DC expression of costimulatory molecules, reduced DC-stimulated allogeneic T cell proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-γ production, and enhanced IL-17 production. |
| 1040 | 22904313 | ESAT-6 inhibited LPS/CD40L-induced DC production of IL-12 and enhanced that of IL-23 and IL-1β, without affecting secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-8 through specific interaction with immature DCs. |
| 1041 | 22904313 | Medium from ESAT-6-conditioned DCs increased IL-17 and reduced IFN-γ production by T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, and ESAT-6-induced IL-17 production was blocked by neutralizing both IL-23 and IL-1β. |
| 1042 | 22904313 | ESAT-6 reduced LPS/CD40L-stimulated transcription of IL-12p35 and enhanced that of IL-23p19 through inhibition of IFN regulatory factor-1 and upregulation of activating transcription factor-2 and c-Jun, transcriptional regulators of IL-12p35 and IL-23p19, respectively. |
| 1043 | 22904313 | We conclude that ESAT-6 increases DC production of IL-23 and IL-1β while inhibiting that of IL-12, thus enhancing Th17 at the expense of protective Th1 responses. |
| 1044 | 22875602 | Careful observation with the monitoring of serum interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-6 levels may be useful. |
| 1045 | 22855392 | Serum concentrations of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured on days 0, 1, 2, and 4 and at a control visit. |
| 1046 | 22855392 | Serum concentrations of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured on days 0, 1, 2, and 4 and at a control visit. |
| 1047 | 22855392 | Serum concentrations of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured on days 0, 1, 2, and 4 and at a control visit. |
| 1048 | 22855392 | Overall, the concentrations of IL-6 (P < 0.01), IL-8 (P < 0.01), MCP-1 (P < 0.01), and TNF-α (P < 0.01) were significantly lower on day 2 in the dexamethasone group than in the placebo group. |
| 1049 | 22855392 | Overall, the concentrations of IL-6 (P < 0.01), IL-8 (P < 0.01), MCP-1 (P < 0.01), and TNF-α (P < 0.01) were significantly lower on day 2 in the dexamethasone group than in the placebo group. |
| 1050 | 22855392 | Overall, the concentrations of IL-6 (P < 0.01), IL-8 (P < 0.01), MCP-1 (P < 0.01), and TNF-α (P < 0.01) were significantly lower on day 2 in the dexamethasone group than in the placebo group. |
| 1051 | 22855392 | In patients with CAP caused by an atypical pathogen (Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydophila species, Coxiella burnetii, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae; n = 58), IL-1Ra (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.01), and MCP-1 (P = 0.03) decreased more rapidly in the dexamethasone group than in the placebo group. |
| 1052 | 22855392 | In patients with CAP caused by an atypical pathogen (Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydophila species, Coxiella burnetii, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae; n = 58), IL-1Ra (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.01), and MCP-1 (P = 0.03) decreased more rapidly in the dexamethasone group than in the placebo group. |
| 1053 | 22855392 | In patients with CAP caused by an atypical pathogen (Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydophila species, Coxiella burnetii, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae; n = 58), IL-1Ra (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.01), and MCP-1 (P = 0.03) decreased more rapidly in the dexamethasone group than in the placebo group. |
| 1054 | 22845323 | Interleukin-10 and interleukin-6 were up-regulated at 14 d.p.i. in the infected groups. |
| 1055 | 22829882 | With regard to cytokines, the SAP led to production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-4. |
| 1056 | 22829882 | With regard to cytokines, the SAP led to production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-4. |
| 1057 | 22829882 | With regard to cytokines, the SAP led to production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-4. |
| 1058 | 22829882 | IFA promoted production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 1059 | 22829882 | IFA promoted production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 1060 | 22829882 | IFA promoted production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10. |
| 1061 | 22829882 | We also observed that MPL induced high production of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, in addition to IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10. |
| 1062 | 22829882 | We also observed that MPL induced high production of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, in addition to IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10. |
| 1063 | 22829882 | We also observed that MPL induced high production of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, in addition to IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10. |
| 1064 | 22829762 | We have found that, even in the absence of CD4(+) T-cell help, vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells persist and confer resistance against Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum. |
| 1065 | 22829762 | Although the role of T helper 17 cells in immunity to fungi is debated, IL-17 producing CD8(+) T cells (Tc17 cells) have not been investigated. |
| 1066 | 22829762 | IL-6 was required for Tc17 differentiation and immunity, but IL-1R1 and Dectin-1 signaling was unexpectedly dispensable. |
| 1067 | 22829762 | Tc17 cells expressed surface CXCR3 and CCR6, but only the latter was essential in recruitment to the lung. |
| 1068 | 22829762 | Although IL-17 producing T cells are believed to be short-lived, effector Tc17 cells expressed low levels of KLRG1 and high levels of the transcription factor TCF-1, predicting their long-term survival and stem-cell like behavior. |
| 1069 | 22824940 | Stimulation of J774 macrophages with a concentration as low as 1 μg ml (-1) of encapsulated rMOMP-187 evoked high production levels of the Th1 cytokines IL-6 (874 pg ml(-1)) and IL-12p40 (674 pg ml(-1)) as well as nitric oxide (8 μM) at 24 h post-stimulation, and in a dose-response and time-kinetics manner. |
| 1070 | 22787208 | Vaccination with adenovirus serotype 35 (Ad35), Ad26, and Ad48 induced substantially higher levels of antiviral (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], 10-kDa gamma interferon-induced protein [IP-10]) and proinflammatory (interleukin 1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA], IL-6) cytokines than vaccination with Ad5 on day 1 following immunization. |
| 1071 | 22787208 | These data demonstrate that Ad35, Ad26, and Ad48, which utilize CD46 as their primary cellular receptor, induce significantly greater innate cytokine responses than Ad5, which uses the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). |
| 1072 | 22778396 | Human TOLLIP regulates TLR2 and TLR4 signaling and its polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. |
| 1073 | 22778396 | Using short hairpin RNA knockdown of TOLLIP in peripheral blood human monocytes, we found that TOLLIP suppresses TNF and IL-6 production after stimulation with TLR2 and TLR4 ligands. |
| 1074 | 22778396 | In contrast, secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was induced by TOLLIP. |
| 1075 | 22761301 | Secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was reduced at 24 h postchallenge, and the induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion, observed in the first hours postchallenge, was completely abolished at 24 h. |
| 1076 | 22761301 | Before challenge and at 12 h postchallenge, vaccinated mice displayed higher numbers of CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T, and B lymphocytes in the lungs. |
| 1077 | 22753938 | IL-1R subunit β-deficient (Il10rb(-/-)) Th cells were able to differentiate more readily into T(FH) cells, as well as secrete more IL-21 and IL-17 compared with wild-type Th cell-derived T(FH) cells. |
| 1078 | 22753938 | Increased IL-21 and IL-17 contributed to the enhanced B cell help functions of T(FH) cells. |
| 1079 | 22753938 | Further experiments demonstrated that IL-6 and IL-23 from dendritic cells in Il10rb(-/-) mice contributed to the differentiation of naive Th cells into T(FH) cells, as well as the generation of IL-21- and IL-17-producing T(FH) cells. |
| 1080 | 22750229 | The T cells from Chagas disease chronic patients specific for PFR2/PFR3 selected CD8(+) epitopes showed a pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion profile (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6). |
| 1081 | 22732733 | Time dependence of the production of IL-6 in the primary cell line showed that TfPLL conjugate enabled a gradual release of poly(I:C) and stronger activation of TLR3 receptor in comparison with poly(I:C) alone. |
| 1082 | 22729616 | The results indicate that both JEV strains are capable of inducing various cytokines (type-I IFN, TNFα, IL6 and IL8) and co-stimulatory molecules (CD86 and CD80) in MDMs. |
| 1083 | 22728225 | Immuno-phenotyping of the anti-influenza response was performed including antibody isotypes, B-cell ELISPOT, CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation, influenza-stimulated cytokine secretion, DTH skin tests and challenge with live influenza virus. |
| 1084 | 22728225 | It similarly enhanced CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation and increased influenza-stimulated IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-6, and GM-CSF responses. |
| 1085 | 22722447 | Lipid bodies do not contain the melanoma-associated antigen MART-1. |
| 1086 | 22722447 | However, when a maturation cocktail composed of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and prostaglandin E2 is added to the coculture, the tumor cells clumps disaggregate, dendritic cells remain free in suspension and their ability to efficiently stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes is restored. |
| 1087 | 22705088 | PBMCs were collected from vaccinated subjects, and seven cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-λ1, and IL-6) involved in measles virus-specific cytokine immune responses were examined. |
| 1088 | 22705080 | The cellular immune response levels in the co-inoculation groups were higher than those groups receiving the PPV oil emulsion vaccine alone, with the phenomena of higher level of IFN-γ, a little IL-6 and a trace of IL-4 in serum, and a vigorous T-cell response. |
| 1089 | 22692758 | Numerous pre-treatment factors associated with inflammatory anemia (e.g., CRP, hemoglobin, hematocrit, IL-6, ferritin, platelets) demonstrated a significant relationship with tumor burden and patient survival. |
| 1090 | 22684724 | In contrast, C3H/HeN mice (TLR4 ( n ) Nramp1 ( n )) express a functional TLR4 protein and are resistant to infection, even by virulent strains of S. typhimurium. |
| 1091 | 22684724 | This strain (designated GIDIFN) was able to modulate immune responses following systemic inoculation by upregulating the production of inflammatory mediators (IL-6 and IL-12) and anti-bacterial effector molecules (nitric oxide; NO). |
| 1092 | 22684115 | The enhanced expression of MHC II and CD40 on DCs after incubation with amphiphilic polyanhydride particles, and the increased secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12p40 by hydrophobic polyanhydride particles exemplified the chemistry-dependent activation of DCs by sham-coated particles. |
| 1093 | 22675156 | Concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, CXCL8 (IL-8), IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were measured by multiplex cytokine array. |
| 1094 | 22675156 | Concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, CXCL8 (IL-8), IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were measured by multiplex cytokine array. |
| 1095 | 22675156 | When M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages were cocultured with monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells, IFN-γ (P = 0.01), TNF-α (P = 0.04), IL-10 (P < 0.001), and IL-6 (P = 0.03) exhibited similar continua of responses, with uninfected persons producing the lowest levels, followed by extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases, pulmonary tuberculosis controls, and persons with latent M. tuberculosis infection. |
| 1096 | 22675156 | When M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages were cocultured with monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells, IFN-γ (P = 0.01), TNF-α (P = 0.04), IL-10 (P < 0.001), and IL-6 (P = 0.03) exhibited similar continua of responses, with uninfected persons producing the lowest levels, followed by extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases, pulmonary tuberculosis controls, and persons with latent M. tuberculosis infection. |
| 1097 | 22675156 | A similar pattern was observed with CXCL8 (P = 0.04), IL-10 (P = 0.02), and CCL2 (P = 0.03) when monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the four groups were cultured alone. |
| 1098 | 22675156 | A similar pattern was observed with CXCL8 (P = 0.04), IL-10 (P = 0.02), and CCL2 (P = 0.03) when monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the four groups were cultured alone. |
| 1099 | 22662179 | LOS activates the host immune response through a membrane bound CD14-TLR4 complex, while both heat killed and live M.cat require recognition by multiple toll like receptors such as TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 without the requirement of CD14. |
| 1100 | 22662179 | We finally showed that TLR4 mutant C3H/HeJ mice produce significantly lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in vivo, An increased bacterial loads at 12 and 24 hours (P<0.001) in their lungs upon challenge with live M.cat in an aerosol chamber compared to wild-type (WT) control mice. |
| 1101 | 22649499 | Depending on the ligands and cytokines studied, different age-related patterns were found: alum-induced IL-1β and CXCL8 responses were found to significantly decline with increasing age; inflammatory (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ) responses to TLR2 and TLR3 agonists increased; and IL-10 responses remained constant or increased during infancy, while TNF-α responses either declined or remained the same. |
| 1102 | 22648753 | Blood samples were obtained weekly to determine serum neutralizing (SN) antibody titers to IBRV, BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and PI-3 and cytokine levels for IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), and IFN-γ (interferon-gamma). |
| 1103 | 22623652 | FomA induces interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion and NF-κB-dependent luciferase activity in HEK cells expressing TLR2, IL-6 secretion, and cell surface upregulation of CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II in primary B cells from wild-type mice, but it fails to activate cells from TLR2 knockout mice. |
| 1104 | 22623652 | FomA induces interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion and NF-κB-dependent luciferase activity in HEK cells expressing TLR2, IL-6 secretion, and cell surface upregulation of CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II in primary B cells from wild-type mice, but it fails to activate cells from TLR2 knockout mice. |
| 1105 | 22623652 | In a mouse model of immunization with ovalbumin (OVA), FomA induces enhanced production of OVA-specific IgM and IgG, including IgG1 and IgG2b antibodies, as well as enhanced secretion of IL-10 and IL-6, consistent with a Th2-type adjuvant effect. |
| 1106 | 22623652 | In a mouse model of immunization with ovalbumin (OVA), FomA induces enhanced production of OVA-specific IgM and IgG, including IgG1 and IgG2b antibodies, as well as enhanced secretion of IL-10 and IL-6, consistent with a Th2-type adjuvant effect. |
| 1107 | 22615254 | Nontoxigenic El Tor O1 V. cholerae infection is characterized by the upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 alpha in the intestine, indicating an acute innate immune response. |
| 1108 | 22615254 | In the absence of neutrophils, the infection spread to the spleen and led to increased systemic levels of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha, suggesting the decreased survival in neutropenic mice is due to systemic shock. |
| 1109 | 22615208 | This fusion protein formed oligomers/aggregates that led to activation of STAT-1 and IFN regulatory factor-3 in human macrophages, indicating a type I IFN response, resulting in NO, IL-12, and IL-6 induction. |
| 1110 | 22609036 | Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 were measured in human primary monocytes and the monocytoid cell line, MonoMac 6 (MM6), activated with a panel of TLR agonists or with adjuvants. |
| 1111 | 22561311 | We have previously reported that defined cocktails of cytokines, involving TNFα and IFNγ, induce mature type-1 polarized DCs (DC1s) which produce strongly elevated levels of IL-12 and CXCL10/IP10 upon CD40 ligation compared to "standard" PGE₂-matured DCs (sDCs; matured with IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and PGE₂) and show higher CTL-inducing activity. |
| 1112 | 22561311 | Restimulated lymphocytes, or their culture supernatants, enhanced the maturation status of immature (i)DCs, elevating their expression of CD80, CD83 and CCR7, and the ability to produce IL-12p70 and CXCL10 upon subsequent CD40 ligation. |
| 1113 | 22552381 | Antibody blocking of monocyte TLR4 inhibited surface expression, determined by flow cytometry, of the major histocompatibility complex class I, CCR7, CD80, CD83 and CD86 on TAPCells, reduced interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor -α gene expression evaluated by qRT-PCR, and also inhibited the TAPCells-mediated interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion of melanoma-specific CD8(+) T cells determined by ELISpot (p < 0.01). |
| 1114 | 22552381 | Moreover, CD8(+) T-cell activation capacity was significantly reduced in TAPCells bearing the TLR4 Asp299Gly receptor (p < 0.05). |
| 1115 | 22499863 | The expression of IL-2 and IL-6 in tracheal and lung tissues increased significantly in the early period after booster immunization. |
| 1116 | 22497974 | We then examined cells with single or multiple virus infections for the expression of 10 cytokine genes and demonstrated elevated expressions for 7 (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17) in dual rotavirus and enterovirus or triple rotavirus, enterovirus and astrovirus-infected cells but only 3 (IFN-β, TNF-α, and IL-8) in dual rotavirus and astrovirus-infected cells. |
| 1117 | 22497974 | We further observed elevated levels of TLR4, TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 mRNAs in cells with rotavirus and enterovirus or rotavirus, enterovirus and astrovirus infections when compared to single rotavirus infections. |
| 1118 | 22481968 | Immunological inhibitory cytokines, such as TGF-β, IL-10, IL-6 and VEGF, which are produced from myeloma cells, can modulate antitumor host immune response, including the abrogation of DC function, by constitutive activation of STAT3. |
| 1119 | 22461226 | Elevated TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at all time points in V/C pigs compared to NV/C pigs. |
| 1120 | 22451733 | However, the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-6, showed significant increases (P<0.05). |
| 1121 | 22438548 | The double-stranded RNA bluetongue virus induces type I interferon in plasmacytoid dendritic cells via a MYD88-dependent TLR7/8-independent signaling pathway. |
| 1122 | 22438548 | Other inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-12p40, were also induced by UV-BTV in primary pDCs. |
| 1123 | 22438548 | In contrast, pathways involving the MyD88 adaptor and kinases dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) were implicated. |
| 1124 | 22415304 | Rv0577 recognizes Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and functionally induces DC maturation by augmenting the expression of cell surface molecules (CD80, CD86, and MHC class I and II) and proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70) in DCs on MyD88-dependent signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear factor κB signaling pathways. |
| 1125 | 22415304 | In addition, Rv0577-treated DCs activated naive T cells, effectively polarized CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to secrete IFN-γ and IL-2, and induced T-cell proliferation, indicating that this protein possibly contributes to Th1-polarization of the immune response. |
| 1126 | 22415304 | More important, unlike LPS, Rv0577-treated DCs specifically induced the proliferation of memory CD4(+)/CD8(+)CD44(high)CD62L(low) T cells in the spleen of M. tuberculosis-infected mice in a TLR2-dependent manner. |
| 1127 | 22412866 | We hypothesized that this immunity depends on polyfunctional memory T cells, i.e., CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T cells with the capability to simultaneously express several functional markers. |
| 1128 | 22412866 | Significant differences were detected between either of the immune donor groups and naïve individuals for secreted levels of IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and MIP-1β. |
| 1129 | 22412866 | Expression of IFN-γ, MIP-1β, and CD107a by CD4(+)CD45RO(+) or CD8(+)CD45RO(+) T cells correlated to antigen concentrations. |
| 1130 | 22412866 | Notably, IL-2- or TNF-α-secretion was low. |
| 1131 | 22411804 | Furthermore, secretion of proinflammatory chemokines such as CXCL10, CCL5, IL-6, and CXCL8 reflected those chemokines present in airway aspirates. |
| 1132 | 22384225 | Using flow cytometry we showed that 4 days post infection (DPI), counts of CD4 and B-lymphocytes did not change, CD8 and γδ T-lymphocytes decreased and macrophages and heterophils increased in the spleen. |
| 1133 | 22384225 | The expression of interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, IL8, IL18, LITAF, IFNγ and iNOS did not exhibit any clear pattern in the cells sorted from the spleens of vaccinated or non-vaccinated chickens. |
| 1134 | 22384225 | Only IL17 and IL22 showed a differential expression in the CD4 T-lymphocytes of the vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens at 4 DPI, both being expressed at a higher level in the non-vaccinated chickens. |
| 1135 | 22384225 | Due to a similar IFNγ expression in the CD4 T-lymphocytes in both the vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens, and a variable IL17 expression oscillating around IFNγ expression levels, the IL17∶IFNγ ratio in CD4 T-lymphocytes was found to be central for the outcome of the immune response. |
| 1136 | 22301691 | Our data indicated that βGM has a higher ability than S. cerevisiae var. boulardii to inhibit Salmonella-induced proinflammatory mRNA (cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1α [IL-1α], IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF] and chemokines CCL2, CCL20, and CXCL8) and at protein levels (IL-6 and CXCL8). |
| 1137 | 22301691 | Additionally, βGM and S. cerevisiae var. boulardii induced some effects on DCs that were not observed on IECs: βGM and S. cerevisiae var. boulardii showed slight upregulation of mRNA for TNF-α, GM-CSF, and CCR7 receptor on porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). |
| 1138 | 22301691 | Indeed, the addition of βGM or S. cerevisiae var. boulardii on DCs cocultured with Salmonella showed higher gene expression (mRNA) for TNF-α, GM-CSF, and CXCL8 compared to that of the control with Salmonella. |
| 1139 | 22275868 | These included IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12Rβ2, T-bet, SOCS-1, and IL-18bp. |
| 1140 | 22239234 | Measles-specific innate/inflammatory and adaptive cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses were characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to quantify the levels of secreted IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, and TNF-α in PBMC cultures following in vitro stimulation with measles virus (MV) in a cohort of 764 school-aged children. |
| 1141 | 22239234 | Measles-specific innate/inflammatory and adaptive cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses were characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to quantify the levels of secreted IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, and TNF-α in PBMC cultures following in vitro stimulation with measles virus (MV) in a cohort of 764 school-aged children. |
| 1142 | 22239234 | Caucasians secreted significantly more IFN-λ1, IL-10, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.003, p<0.01, and p<0.02, respectively) compared to the other racial groups combined. |
| 1143 | 22239234 | Caucasians secreted significantly more IFN-λ1, IL-10, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.003, p<0.01, and p<0.02, respectively) compared to the other racial groups combined. |
| 1144 | 22190395 | In vivo profiling of 16 inflammatory cytokines in patients infected with the outbreak strain revealed a common profile of a remarkable gamma interferon (IFN-γ) induction together with elevated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-15, but not IL-12, which was previously demonstrated as elevated in nontyphoidal Salmonella infections. |
| 1145 | 22169598 | In in vitro glioma cells, there was a positive correlation between the protein levels of TLR9 and both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 (p<0.05), but no relationship between TLR9 levels and levels of interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-β2 or signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 (p>0.05). |
| 1146 | 22155622 | IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels and Foxp3(+) cell numbers were higher, but IL-1β, IL-17A and IL-23 were lower in infected children than in infected adults. |
| 1147 | 22155193 | Moreover, activation of monocytes and mDC with live BCG reduced expression levels of CD14 and CD11c, respectively, necessitating optimization of staining conditions to reliably measure these lineage markers. |
| 1148 | 22155193 | Finally, we characterized expression of IL-12/23p40, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10, by GFP(+) and GFP(-) monocytes and mDC from 25 healthy adults. |
| 1149 | 22139866 | Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a member of interleukin-6 family, is required for embryo development and successful blastocyst implantation in several mammalian species. |
| 1150 | 22139866 | Three sequences from LIF and two sequences from LIF-receptor (LIF-R) that span the regions involved in ligand-receptor binding were delineated, and peptides were synthesized based upon these sequences. |
| 1151 | 22139866 | The data indicate that LIF/LIF-R is an excellent target for the development of a birth control vaccine. |
| 1152 | 22139866 | This is the first study, to our knowledge, that examined LIF/LIF-R as a target for immunocontraception. |
| 1153 | 22139866 | The findings of this study can be easily translated to humans since LIF/LIF-R is also important for implantation and pregnancy in women. |
| 1154 | 22102818 | These activities of ESAT-6 were dependent on TLR-2/MyD88 signalling and involved IL-6 and TGF-β production by dendritic cells. |
| 1155 | 22087247 | Results showed that SIS affected cytokine and chemokines microenvironments such as up-regulation of IL-4 and CD30-ligand and activation of chemotactic factors LIX and KC (neutrophil chemotactic factors), MCP-1 (monocytes chemotactic factors), MIP 1-α (macrophage chemotactic factor) and lymphotactin, as well as, growth factors like M-CSF. |
| 1156 | 22087247 | However, in contrast to alum, SIS had no effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) or NLRP3, but it appeared to promote both Th1 and Th2 responses under different conditions. |
| 1157 | 22072757 | Furthermore, the γ(1)34.5 null mutant activates IκB kinase, which facilitates p65/RelA phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, resulting in DC maturation. |
| 1158 | 22072757 | This is mirrored by a higher level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-12 secretion by CD8(+) DCs than CD8(-) DCs. |
| 1159 | 22072757 | Remarkably, inhibition of p65/RelA phosphorylation or nuclear translocation in CD8(+) DCs disrupts protective immunity. |
| 1160 | 22072720 | Increased amounts of antigen-specific gamma interferon, interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were produced from splenocytes postvaccination, but no or minimal IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 was produced, indicating Th1- and Th17-biased T cell responses. |
| 1161 | 21993523 | We found that Rv0315 functionally activated DCs by augmenting the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 as well as MHC class I/II molecules. |
| 1162 | 21993523 | Moreover, it increased DC secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. |
| 1163 | 21993523 | In addition, Rv0315-treated DCs accelerated the proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) splenic T cells from Mtb-infected mice, with increased levels of IFN-γ, in syngeneic and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions, indicating that Rv0315 contributes to Th1 polarization of the immune response. |
| 1164 | 21984246 | Vaccination site lesions were minimal in all mice vaccinated with HCc PHB beads or recombinant protein, all mixed in the oil-in-water adjuvant Emulsigen, while vaccination with the recombinant protein in complete Freund's adjuvant produced a marked inflammatory reaction at the vaccination site. |
| 1165 | 21984246 | Vaccination with the PHB beads produced in L. lactis and displaying HCc antigen produced antigen-specific cellular immune responses with significant release of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) from splenocyte cultures and no significant antigen-specific serum antibody, while the PHB beads displaying HCc but produced in E. coli released IFN-γ and IL-17A as well as the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 and low levels of IgG2c antibody. |
| 1166 | 21976224 | In female mice, PGG glucan reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 levels and reduced the bacterial burden in the liver. |
| 1167 | 21976223 | Importantly, CCL1 directly regulated the expression of CD18 and CD49b and hence influenced the adhesion capacity of human macrophages. |
| 1168 | 21976223 | Finally, CCL1 induced production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and could inhibit LPS-induced cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 1169 | 21958369 | We measured multiple VACV-specific immune responses: neutralizing antibody titer, the level of 12 secreted cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-18), and the number of IFN-γ- and CD8(+) IFN-γ-secreting cells. |
| 1170 | 21958369 | We measured multiple VACV-specific immune responses: neutralizing antibody titer, the level of 12 secreted cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-18), and the number of IFN-γ- and CD8(+) IFN-γ-secreting cells. |
| 1171 | 21958369 | We also detected strong correlations between the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (p<0.0001). |
| 1172 | 21958369 | We also detected strong correlations between the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (p<0.0001). |
| 1173 | 21945255 | We found elevated levels of the Th1 associated cytokine INF-γ, the Th2-cytokine IL-4, the proinflammatory IL-6 and IL-17A, and the regulatory cytokine IL-10. |
| 1174 | 21945252 | HD11 chicken macrophages treated in vitro with C.MIF recombinant protein expressed increased levels of transcripts encoding interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), but decreased levels of IL-8 transcripts, compared with cells treated with the PBS control; similar treatment with E.MIF only down-regulated IL-8 transcripts. |
| 1175 | 21934655 | Identification of molecular adjuvants to in vivo "modulate " DC to coordinately render improved Th1 and CD8 T cell immunity, and attenuated deleterious Treg effects, is a critical challenge. |
| 1176 | 21934655 | This immunization strategy is based on a genetic vaccine encoding both cytomegalovirus (CMV)-driven vaccine Aghsp70 and DC-specific CD11c-driven XBP1s. |
| 1177 | 21934655 | The novel targeted vaccine induced durable Th1 and CD8 T cell responses to poorly immunogenic self/tumor antigen (Ag) and attenuated tumor-associated Treg suppressive function. |
| 1178 | 21934655 | Bone marrow (BM)-derived DC genetically modified to simultaneously overexpress XBP1s and express Aghsp70 upregulated CD40, CD70, CD86, interleukin (IL)-15, IL-15Rα, and CCR7 expression, and increased IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in vitro. |
| 1179 | 21921206 | Using a total of 28 baboons, different vaccination strategies were used including recombinant Sm-p80 protein formulated in Toll-like receptor 7 and Toll-like receptor 9 agonists, and DNA priming followed by boosting with protein plus adjuvants. |
| 1180 | 21921206 | Production and expression of several cytokines (interleukin 2 [IL-2], interferon γ, IL-12α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-22) were up-regulated in vaccinated animals. |
| 1181 | 21865417 | We show here that RVFHbαP exerts an anti-inflammatory activity in hVECs, as suggested by the prevention of LPS-induced production of extracellular (supernatant) and intracellular (lysate) levels of cytokines (interleukin 6 [IL-6] and IL-1α) and chemokines (IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1]). |
| 1182 | 21865417 | The demonstration of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NF-κB expression in hVECs and the observations of RVFHbαP suppression of human β-defensin-1 (hBD1) mRNA expression further support the hypothesis of a genomic activity of RVFHbαP. |
| 1183 | 21856352 | When the plasmid contained both motifs, transfected murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells showed markedly increased levels of mRNA for immune molecules of Th1 (IFN-α, IL-12) and Th17 (IL-17, IL-23 and IL-6) responses and for T cell co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) but not for a Th2 response (IL-4 and IL-10). |
| 1184 | 21852947 | Association of human TLR1 and TLR6 deficiency with altered immune responses to BCG vaccination in South African infants. |
| 1185 | 21852947 | After stimulation with TLR1/6 lipopeptide ligands, PBMCs from TLR1/6-deficient individuals (stratified by TLR1_T1805G and TLR6_C745T hyporesponsive genotypes) secreted lower amounts of IL-6 and IL-10 compared to those with responsive TLR1/6 genotypes. |
| 1186 | 21852947 | These data support a mechanism where TLR1/6 polymorphisms modulate TH1 T-cell polarization through genetic regulation of monocyte IL-10 secretion in the absence of IL-12. |
| 1187 | 21840023 | Further, the r6PGD protein induces the production of IL-8 and IL-6 by SJPLC. |
| 1188 | 21822116 | Serum cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha] were assayed using standardized methodology. |
| 1189 | 21820085 | Using the same CpG-DNA D19(chimera) sequence in both cell types, we find the known up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages but consistent and significant inhibition of the pro-inflammatory response (IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-beta1) in endothelial cells. |
| 1190 | 21784871 | Because immunosuppression continues to be a major inhibitor of cancer vaccine efficacy, we examined in this study whether therapeutically targeted delivery of a synthetic STAT-3 inhibitor to the TME, combined with an HER-2 DNA vaccine can improve immune surveillance against HER-2(+) breast cancer and prevent its recurrence. |
| 1191 | 21784871 | Furthermore, we showed that treatment with these NPs resulted in priming of the immune TME, characterized by increased IFN-γ, p-STAT-1, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-15, and IL-12b and reduced TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-10 protein expression. |
| 1192 | 21752950 | Most interesting, however, is the cytokine secretion profile of curdlan-stimulated MoDCs, since only curdlan induced significant higher expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12/IL-23p40. |
| 1193 | 21746857 | A Salmonella vector vaccine expressing the saliva-binding region (SBR) of the adhesin AgI/II of Streptococcus mutans has been shown to induce a mixed Th1/Th2 anti-SBR immune response in mice and to require Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and MyD88 signaling for the induction of mucosal anti-SBR antibody responses. |
| 1194 | 21746857 | Bone marrow-derived DC from wild-type and TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 knockout mice were stimulated with Salmonella vector BRD509, the SBR-expressing Salmonella vector vaccine BRD509(pSBRT7), or SBR protein, and the DC responses to different stimuli were compared by assessing costimulatory molecule expression, cytokine production, and signaling pathways. |
| 1195 | 21746857 | BRD509(pSBRT7) and BRD509 induced upregulation of CD80, CD86, CD40, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) expression. |
| 1196 | 21746857 | The low IL-12p40 and high IL-6 cytokine profile expressed by BRD509(pSBRT7)-stimulated DC may represent a shift toward a Th2 response, as suggested by the increased expression in Jagged-1. |
| 1197 | 21728171 | Cancer cells reacted with enhanced expression of HLA-class I, release of CXCL10, IL-6, and type I IFN as well as tumor cell apoptosis. |
| 1198 | 21728171 | Monocytes and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) engulfed MDA-5-activated cancer cells, and subsequently upregulated HLA-class I/II and costimulatory molecules, and secreted CXCL10 and IFN-α. |
| 1199 | 21722668 | In the present work we demonstrated that recombinant human calcineurin subunit B (rhCnB) stimulated the expression of the surface molecules CD83, CD80, CD86, CD40, and HLA-DR. |
| 1200 | 21722668 | It also promoted secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β by human PBMC-derived dendritic cells. |
| 1201 | 21722668 | Transcript levels of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ in the splenocytes were also upregulated when in vitro stimulated with pneumolysin. |
| 1202 | 21710212 | The immunomodulatory activity of the c-di-GMP preparation was confirmed by its potentiating effect on the lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6 messenger RNA expression in J774A.1 mouse macrophages. |
| 1203 | 21697351 | Infection with either virus resulted in elevated expression of several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α) with a corresponding increase in transcription. |
| 1204 | 21697338 | In a majority of serum samples, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were detectable with at least three kits, while IL-1β was clearly detected with only one kit. |
| 1205 | 21679737 | Immunized mice had lower tissue bacterial loads and lower serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β post-infection compared to control mice. |
| 1206 | 21643951 | Characterisation and expression analysis of the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-11, IL-12β and IFNγ. |
| 1207 | 21643951 | Characterisation and expression analysis of the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-11, IL-12β and IFNγ. |
| 1208 | 21643951 | Characterisation and expression analysis of the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-11, IL-12β and IFNγ. |
| 1209 | 21643951 | Genes encoding the five Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) cytokines; interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-11b, IL-12βc, and interferon (IFN) γ, were cloned and characterised at a molecular level. |
| 1210 | 21643951 | Genes encoding the five Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) cytokines; interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-11b, IL-12βc, and interferon (IFN) γ, were cloned and characterised at a molecular level. |
| 1211 | 21643951 | Genes encoding the five Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) cytokines; interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-11b, IL-12βc, and interferon (IFN) γ, were cloned and characterised at a molecular level. |
| 1212 | 21643951 | The real time RT-PCR data also showed that the mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12βc and IFNγ was high in the thymus, while IL-11b was relatively highly expressed in the posterior kidney and posterior gut. |
| 1213 | 21643951 | The real time RT-PCR data also showed that the mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12βc and IFNγ was high in the thymus, while IL-11b was relatively highly expressed in the posterior kidney and posterior gut. |
| 1214 | 21643951 | The real time RT-PCR data also showed that the mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12βc and IFNγ was high in the thymus, while IL-11b was relatively highly expressed in the posterior kidney and posterior gut. |
| 1215 | 21625608 | Infection of MDDC with MVA-B or MVA, at the optimal dose of 0.3 PFU/MDDC, induced by itself a moderate degree of maturation of MDDC, involving secretion of cytokines and chemokines (IL1-ra, IL-7, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, IP-10, MIG, and IFN-α). |
| 1216 | 21625608 | Infection of MDDC with MVA-B or MVA, at the optimal dose of 0.3 PFU/MDDC, induced by itself a moderate degree of maturation of MDDC, involving secretion of cytokines and chemokines (IL1-ra, IL-7, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, IP-10, MIG, and IFN-α). |
| 1217 | 21625608 | MDDC infected with MVA or MVA-B and following a period of 48 h or 72 h of maturation were able to migrate toward CCL19 or CCL21 chemokine gradients. |
| 1218 | 21625608 | MDDC infected with MVA or MVA-B and following a period of 48 h or 72 h of maturation were able to migrate toward CCL19 or CCL21 chemokine gradients. |
| 1219 | 21625608 | MVA-B-infected MDDC co-cultured with autologous T lymphocytes induced a highly functional HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell response including proliferation, secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, MIP-1β, MIP-1α, RANTES and IL-6, and strong cytotoxic activity against autologous HIV-1-infected CD4(+) T lymphocytes. |
| 1220 | 21625608 | MVA-B-infected MDDC co-cultured with autologous T lymphocytes induced a highly functional HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell response including proliferation, secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, MIP-1β, MIP-1α, RANTES and IL-6, and strong cytotoxic activity against autologous HIV-1-infected CD4(+) T lymphocytes. |
| 1221 | 21533209 | Most of the TLR agonists induced TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in cord blood. |
| 1222 | 21533209 | Most of the TLR agonists induced TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in cord blood. |
| 1223 | 21533209 | The greatest TNFα responses were observed for TLR4, -5, and -8 agonists, the highest being the thiazoloquinoline CLO75 (TLR7/8) that also uniquely induced cord blood IFNγ production. |
| 1224 | 21533209 | The greatest TNFα responses were observed for TLR4, -5, and -8 agonists, the highest being the thiazoloquinoline CLO75 (TLR7/8) that also uniquely induced cord blood IFNγ production. |
| 1225 | 21533209 | TLR8 agonists also induced the greatest production of the Th1-polarizing cytokines TNFα and IFNγ throughout the first year of life, although the relative responses to the single TLR8 agonist and the combined TLR7/8 agonist changed with age. |
| 1226 | 21533209 | TLR8 agonists also induced the greatest production of the Th1-polarizing cytokines TNFα and IFNγ throughout the first year of life, although the relative responses to the single TLR8 agonist and the combined TLR7/8 agonist changed with age. |
| 1227 | 21533209 | In contrast, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 responses to most agonists were robust at birth and remained stable through 12 months of age. |
| 1228 | 21533209 | In contrast, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 responses to most agonists were robust at birth and remained stable through 12 months of age. |
| 1229 | 21518876 | The IL-6 acted by inducing granzyme B production and reducing expression of inhibitory molecule PD1 on the surface of the primed CD8 T cells. |
| 1230 | 21487111 | TLR7 and TLR8 are intracellular sensors activated by single-stranded RNA species generated during viral infections. |
| 1231 | 21487111 | Various synthetic small molecules can also activate TLR7 or TLR8 or both through an unknown mechanism. |
| 1232 | 21487111 | Notably, direct interaction between small molecules and TLR7 or TLR8 has never been shown. |
| 1233 | 21487111 | All fluorescent compounds induced the production of IFN-α, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the up-regulation of CD80 and CD86 by pDCs showing they retained TLR7-stimulating activity. |
| 1234 | 21450979 | Splenocytes from mice who had received OMPC with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine produced significantly more interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) than splenocytes from mice who received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) plus the conjugate vaccine. |
| 1235 | 21449719 | Furthermore, infection with A/California/08/2009 and A/Mexico/4108/2009 viruses resulted in lower expression of four key proinflammatory markers (IL-6, RANTES, IP-10, and MIP-1β) compared with infection with either A/Texas/15/2009 or A/Solomon Islands/3/2006. |
| 1236 | 21443961 | The results were found that compared to those of the control piglets injected with VR1020-CNP, the content of IgG, IgA and IgM, specific antibodies, IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ significantly increased in the sera from the treated three groups from 14 to 70 days after vaccination (P<0.05); the number of T(H), T(C) and CD3(+) positive T cells raised obviously in the blood of VPIL6C treated piglets (P<0.05). |
| 1237 | 21424379 | The major alleles of coding SNPs in the TLR2 (rs3804100) and TLR4 (rs5030710) genes were associated with a dose-related increase (660 vs. 892 mIU/ml, p = 0.002) and a dose-related decrease (2,209 vs. 830 mIU/ml, p = 0.001) in measles-specific antibodies, respectively. |
| 1238 | 21424379 | We observed an additional 12 associations (p < 0.01) between coding (nonsynonymous and synonymous) polymorphisms within the TLRs (TLR2, 7, and 8), IKBKE, TICAM1, NFKBIA, IRAK2, and KIAA1542 genes and variations in measles-specific IL-2, IL-6, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IFNλ-1, and TNF-α secretion levels. |
| 1239 | 21423809 | IL-21 and IL-6 are critical for different aspects of B cell immunity and redundantly induce optimal follicular helper CD4 T cell (Tfh) differentiation. |
| 1240 | 21423809 | IL-21 and IL-6 are critical for different aspects of B cell immunity and redundantly induce optimal follicular helper CD4 T cell (Tfh) differentiation. |
| 1241 | 21423809 | IL-21 and IL-6 are critical for different aspects of B cell immunity and redundantly induce optimal follicular helper CD4 T cell (Tfh) differentiation. |
| 1242 | 21423809 | IL-21 and IL-6 are critical for different aspects of B cell immunity and redundantly induce optimal follicular helper CD4 T cell (Tfh) differentiation. |
| 1243 | 21423809 | IL-21 and IL-6 are critical for different aspects of B cell immunity and redundantly induce optimal follicular helper CD4 T cell (Tfh) differentiation. |
| 1244 | 21423809 | IL-21 and IL-6 are critical for different aspects of B cell immunity and redundantly induce optimal follicular helper CD4 T cell (Tfh) differentiation. |
| 1245 | 21423809 | IL-21 and IL-6 are critical for different aspects of B cell immunity and redundantly induce optimal follicular helper CD4 T cell (Tfh) differentiation. |
| 1246 | 21423809 | IL-21 and IL-6 are critical for different aspects of B cell immunity and redundantly induce optimal follicular helper CD4 T cell (Tfh) differentiation. |
| 1247 | 21423809 | IL-21 and IL-6 are critical for different aspects of B cell immunity and redundantly induce optimal follicular helper CD4 T cell (Tfh) differentiation. |
| 1248 | 21423809 | Cytokines are important modulators of lymphocytes, and both interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-6 have proposed roles in T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation, and directly act on B cells. |
| 1249 | 21423809 | Cytokines are important modulators of lymphocytes, and both interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-6 have proposed roles in T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation, and directly act on B cells. |
| 1250 | 21423809 | Cytokines are important modulators of lymphocytes, and both interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-6 have proposed roles in T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation, and directly act on B cells. |
| 1251 | 21423809 | Cytokines are important modulators of lymphocytes, and both interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-6 have proposed roles in T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation, and directly act on B cells. |
| 1252 | 21423809 | Cytokines are important modulators of lymphocytes, and both interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-6 have proposed roles in T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation, and directly act on B cells. |
| 1253 | 21423809 | Cytokines are important modulators of lymphocytes, and both interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-6 have proposed roles in T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation, and directly act on B cells. |
| 1254 | 21423809 | Cytokines are important modulators of lymphocytes, and both interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-6 have proposed roles in T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation, and directly act on B cells. |
| 1255 | 21423809 | Cytokines are important modulators of lymphocytes, and both interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-6 have proposed roles in T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation, and directly act on B cells. |
| 1256 | 21423809 | Cytokines are important modulators of lymphocytes, and both interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-6 have proposed roles in T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation, and directly act on B cells. |
| 1257 | 21423809 | Here we investigated the absence of IL-6 alone, IL-21 alone, or the combined lack of IL-6 and IL-21 on Tfh differentiation and the development of B cell immunity in vivo. |
| 1258 | 21423809 | Here we investigated the absence of IL-6 alone, IL-21 alone, or the combined lack of IL-6 and IL-21 on Tfh differentiation and the development of B cell immunity in vivo. |
| 1259 | 21423809 | Here we investigated the absence of IL-6 alone, IL-21 alone, or the combined lack of IL-6 and IL-21 on Tfh differentiation and the development of B cell immunity in vivo. |
| 1260 | 21423809 | Here we investigated the absence of IL-6 alone, IL-21 alone, or the combined lack of IL-6 and IL-21 on Tfh differentiation and the development of B cell immunity in vivo. |
| 1261 | 21423809 | Here we investigated the absence of IL-6 alone, IL-21 alone, or the combined lack of IL-6 and IL-21 on Tfh differentiation and the development of B cell immunity in vivo. |
| 1262 | 21423809 | Here we investigated the absence of IL-6 alone, IL-21 alone, or the combined lack of IL-6 and IL-21 on Tfh differentiation and the development of B cell immunity in vivo. |
| 1263 | 21423809 | Here we investigated the absence of IL-6 alone, IL-21 alone, or the combined lack of IL-6 and IL-21 on Tfh differentiation and the development of B cell immunity in vivo. |
| 1264 | 21423809 | Here we investigated the absence of IL-6 alone, IL-21 alone, or the combined lack of IL-6 and IL-21 on Tfh differentiation and the development of B cell immunity in vivo. |
| 1265 | 21423809 | Here we investigated the absence of IL-6 alone, IL-21 alone, or the combined lack of IL-6 and IL-21 on Tfh differentiation and the development of B cell immunity in vivo. |
| 1266 | 21423809 | C57BL/6 or IL-21(-/-) mice were treated with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-6 throughout the course of an acute viral infection (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV). |
| 1267 | 21423809 | C57BL/6 or IL-21(-/-) mice were treated with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-6 throughout the course of an acute viral infection (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV). |
| 1268 | 21423809 | C57BL/6 or IL-21(-/-) mice were treated with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-6 throughout the course of an acute viral infection (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV). |
| 1269 | 21423809 | C57BL/6 or IL-21(-/-) mice were treated with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-6 throughout the course of an acute viral infection (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV). |
| 1270 | 21423809 | C57BL/6 or IL-21(-/-) mice were treated with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-6 throughout the course of an acute viral infection (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV). |
| 1271 | 21423809 | C57BL/6 or IL-21(-/-) mice were treated with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-6 throughout the course of an acute viral infection (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV). |
| 1272 | 21423809 | C57BL/6 or IL-21(-/-) mice were treated with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-6 throughout the course of an acute viral infection (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV). |
| 1273 | 21423809 | C57BL/6 or IL-21(-/-) mice were treated with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-6 throughout the course of an acute viral infection (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV). |
| 1274 | 21423809 | C57BL/6 or IL-21(-/-) mice were treated with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-6 throughout the course of an acute viral infection (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV). |
| 1275 | 21423809 | The combined absence of IL-6 and IL-21 resulted in reduced Tfh differentiation and reduced Bcl6 protein expression. |
| 1276 | 21423809 | The combined absence of IL-6 and IL-21 resulted in reduced Tfh differentiation and reduced Bcl6 protein expression. |
| 1277 | 21423809 | The combined absence of IL-6 and IL-21 resulted in reduced Tfh differentiation and reduced Bcl6 protein expression. |
| 1278 | 21423809 | The combined absence of IL-6 and IL-21 resulted in reduced Tfh differentiation and reduced Bcl6 protein expression. |
| 1279 | 21423809 | The combined absence of IL-6 and IL-21 resulted in reduced Tfh differentiation and reduced Bcl6 protein expression. |
| 1280 | 21423809 | The combined absence of IL-6 and IL-21 resulted in reduced Tfh differentiation and reduced Bcl6 protein expression. |
| 1281 | 21423809 | The combined absence of IL-6 and IL-21 resulted in reduced Tfh differentiation and reduced Bcl6 protein expression. |
| 1282 | 21423809 | The combined absence of IL-6 and IL-21 resulted in reduced Tfh differentiation and reduced Bcl6 protein expression. |
| 1283 | 21423809 | The combined absence of IL-6 and IL-21 resulted in reduced Tfh differentiation and reduced Bcl6 protein expression. |
| 1284 | 21423809 | IL-6 and IL-21 collaborate in the acute T-dependent antiviral antibody response (90% loss of circulating antiviral IgG in the absence of both cytokines). |
| 1285 | 21423809 | IL-6 and IL-21 collaborate in the acute T-dependent antiviral antibody response (90% loss of circulating antiviral IgG in the absence of both cytokines). |
| 1286 | 21423809 | IL-6 and IL-21 collaborate in the acute T-dependent antiviral antibody response (90% loss of circulating antiviral IgG in the absence of both cytokines). |
| 1287 | 21423809 | IL-6 and IL-21 collaborate in the acute T-dependent antiviral antibody response (90% loss of circulating antiviral IgG in the absence of both cytokines). |
| 1288 | 21423809 | IL-6 and IL-21 collaborate in the acute T-dependent antiviral antibody response (90% loss of circulating antiviral IgG in the absence of both cytokines). |
| 1289 | 21423809 | IL-6 and IL-21 collaborate in the acute T-dependent antiviral antibody response (90% loss of circulating antiviral IgG in the absence of both cytokines). |
| 1290 | 21423809 | IL-6 and IL-21 collaborate in the acute T-dependent antiviral antibody response (90% loss of circulating antiviral IgG in the absence of both cytokines). |
| 1291 | 21423809 | IL-6 and IL-21 collaborate in the acute T-dependent antiviral antibody response (90% loss of circulating antiviral IgG in the absence of both cytokines). |
| 1292 | 21423809 | IL-6 and IL-21 collaborate in the acute T-dependent antiviral antibody response (90% loss of circulating antiviral IgG in the absence of both cytokines). |
| 1293 | 21423809 | In contrast, we observed reduced germinal center formation only in the absence of IL-21. |
| 1294 | 21423809 | In contrast, we observed reduced germinal center formation only in the absence of IL-21. |
| 1295 | 21423809 | In contrast, we observed reduced germinal center formation only in the absence of IL-21. |
| 1296 | 21423809 | In contrast, we observed reduced germinal center formation only in the absence of IL-21. |
| 1297 | 21423809 | In contrast, we observed reduced germinal center formation only in the absence of IL-21. |
| 1298 | 21423809 | In contrast, we observed reduced germinal center formation only in the absence of IL-21. |
| 1299 | 21423809 | In contrast, we observed reduced germinal center formation only in the absence of IL-21. |
| 1300 | 21423809 | In contrast, we observed reduced germinal center formation only in the absence of IL-21. |
| 1301 | 21423809 | In contrast, we observed reduced germinal center formation only in the absence of IL-21. |
| 1302 | 21423809 | Absence of IL-6 had no impact on germinal centers, and combined absence of both IL-21 and IL-6 revealed no synergistic effect on germinal center B cell development. |
| 1303 | 21423809 | Absence of IL-6 had no impact on germinal centers, and combined absence of both IL-21 and IL-6 revealed no synergistic effect on germinal center B cell development. |
| 1304 | 21423809 | Absence of IL-6 had no impact on germinal centers, and combined absence of both IL-21 and IL-6 revealed no synergistic effect on germinal center B cell development. |
| 1305 | 21423809 | Absence of IL-6 had no impact on germinal centers, and combined absence of both IL-21 and IL-6 revealed no synergistic effect on germinal center B cell development. |
| 1306 | 21423809 | Absence of IL-6 had no impact on germinal centers, and combined absence of both IL-21 and IL-6 revealed no synergistic effect on germinal center B cell development. |
| 1307 | 21423809 | Absence of IL-6 had no impact on germinal centers, and combined absence of both IL-21 and IL-6 revealed no synergistic effect on germinal center B cell development. |
| 1308 | 21423809 | Absence of IL-6 had no impact on germinal centers, and combined absence of both IL-21 and IL-6 revealed no synergistic effect on germinal center B cell development. |
| 1309 | 21423809 | Absence of IL-6 had no impact on germinal centers, and combined absence of both IL-21 and IL-6 revealed no synergistic effect on germinal center B cell development. |
| 1310 | 21423809 | Absence of IL-6 had no impact on germinal centers, and combined absence of both IL-21 and IL-6 revealed no synergistic effect on germinal center B cell development. |
| 1311 | 21423809 | Studying CD4 T cells in vitro, we found that high IL-21 production was not associated with high Bcl6 or CXCR5 expression. |
| 1312 | 21423809 | Studying CD4 T cells in vitro, we found that high IL-21 production was not associated with high Bcl6 or CXCR5 expression. |
| 1313 | 21423809 | Studying CD4 T cells in vitro, we found that high IL-21 production was not associated with high Bcl6 or CXCR5 expression. |
| 1314 | 21423809 | Studying CD4 T cells in vitro, we found that high IL-21 production was not associated with high Bcl6 or CXCR5 expression. |
| 1315 | 21423809 | Studying CD4 T cells in vitro, we found that high IL-21 production was not associated with high Bcl6 or CXCR5 expression. |
| 1316 | 21423809 | Studying CD4 T cells in vitro, we found that high IL-21 production was not associated with high Bcl6 or CXCR5 expression. |
| 1317 | 21423809 | Studying CD4 T cells in vitro, we found that high IL-21 production was not associated with high Bcl6 or CXCR5 expression. |
| 1318 | 21423809 | Studying CD4 T cells in vitro, we found that high IL-21 production was not associated with high Bcl6 or CXCR5 expression. |
| 1319 | 21423809 | Studying CD4 T cells in vitro, we found that high IL-21 production was not associated with high Bcl6 or CXCR5 expression. |
| 1320 | 21423809 | TCR stimulation of purified naïve CD4 T cells in the presence of IL-6 also did not result in Tfh differentiation, as determined by Bcl6 or CXCR5 protein expression. |
| 1321 | 21423809 | TCR stimulation of purified naïve CD4 T cells in the presence of IL-6 also did not result in Tfh differentiation, as determined by Bcl6 or CXCR5 protein expression. |
| 1322 | 21423809 | TCR stimulation of purified naïve CD4 T cells in the presence of IL-6 also did not result in Tfh differentiation, as determined by Bcl6 or CXCR5 protein expression. |
| 1323 | 21423809 | TCR stimulation of purified naïve CD4 T cells in the presence of IL-6 also did not result in Tfh differentiation, as determined by Bcl6 or CXCR5 protein expression. |
| 1324 | 21423809 | TCR stimulation of purified naïve CD4 T cells in the presence of IL-6 also did not result in Tfh differentiation, as determined by Bcl6 or CXCR5 protein expression. |
| 1325 | 21423809 | TCR stimulation of purified naïve CD4 T cells in the presence of IL-6 also did not result in Tfh differentiation, as determined by Bcl6 or CXCR5 protein expression. |
| 1326 | 21423809 | TCR stimulation of purified naïve CD4 T cells in the presence of IL-6 also did not result in Tfh differentiation, as determined by Bcl6 or CXCR5 protein expression. |
| 1327 | 21423809 | TCR stimulation of purified naïve CD4 T cells in the presence of IL-6 also did not result in Tfh differentiation, as determined by Bcl6 or CXCR5 protein expression. |
| 1328 | 21423809 | TCR stimulation of purified naïve CD4 T cells in the presence of IL-6 also did not result in Tfh differentiation, as determined by Bcl6 or CXCR5 protein expression. |
| 1329 | 21423809 | Cumulatively, our data indicates that optimal Tfh formation requires IL-21 and IL-6, and that cytokines alone are insufficient to drive Tfh differentiation. |
| 1330 | 21423809 | Cumulatively, our data indicates that optimal Tfh formation requires IL-21 and IL-6, and that cytokines alone are insufficient to drive Tfh differentiation. |
| 1331 | 21423809 | Cumulatively, our data indicates that optimal Tfh formation requires IL-21 and IL-6, and that cytokines alone are insufficient to drive Tfh differentiation. |
| 1332 | 21423809 | Cumulatively, our data indicates that optimal Tfh formation requires IL-21 and IL-6, and that cytokines alone are insufficient to drive Tfh differentiation. |
| 1333 | 21423809 | Cumulatively, our data indicates that optimal Tfh formation requires IL-21 and IL-6, and that cytokines alone are insufficient to drive Tfh differentiation. |
| 1334 | 21423809 | Cumulatively, our data indicates that optimal Tfh formation requires IL-21 and IL-6, and that cytokines alone are insufficient to drive Tfh differentiation. |
| 1335 | 21423809 | Cumulatively, our data indicates that optimal Tfh formation requires IL-21 and IL-6, and that cytokines alone are insufficient to drive Tfh differentiation. |
| 1336 | 21423809 | Cumulatively, our data indicates that optimal Tfh formation requires IL-21 and IL-6, and that cytokines alone are insufficient to drive Tfh differentiation. |
| 1337 | 21423809 | Cumulatively, our data indicates that optimal Tfh formation requires IL-21 and IL-6, and that cytokines alone are insufficient to drive Tfh differentiation. |
| 1338 | 21408115 | When OMVs were administrated to olive flounder, significant induction of mRNAs encoding IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ was observed, compared with the levels seen in fish injected with formalin-killed E. tarda. |
| 1339 | 21398615 | Adoptive transfer of immune wild-type CD4(+) cells ameliorated the defect of IL-6(-/-) mice in the control of B. pertussis numbers. |
| 1340 | 21389871 | The resulting DCs showed strongly-enhanced IL-12p70 production on subsequent T-cell interaction compared with immature DCs (average of 19-fold enhancement) and nonpolarized IL-1β/TNF-α/IL-6/PGE(2)-matured "standard" DCs (average of 215-fold enhancement). |
| 1341 | 21389871 | Additional inclusion of polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid during NK-DC cocultures optimized the expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, and HLA-DR on the resulting (NK)DC1, increased their CCR7-mediated migratory responsiveness to the lymph node-associated chemokine CCL21, and further enhanced their IL-12-producing capacity. |
| 1342 | 21368092 | HBHA induced DC maturation in a TLR4-dependent manner, elevating expression of the surface molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86, MHC classes I and II and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCR7, as well as stimulating the migratory capacity of DCs in vitro and in vivo. |
| 1343 | 21368092 | Mechanistic investigations established that MyD88 and TRIF signaling pathways downstream of TLR4 mediated secretion of HBHA-induced proinflammatory cytokines. |
| 1344 | 21368092 | HBHA-treated DCs activated naïve T cells, polarized CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to secrete IFN-γ, and induced T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. |
| 1345 | 21340352 | Additionally, we studied the effects triggered by antigen-antibodies binding and the levels of key cytokines involved in the humoral response, such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 1346 | 21336991 | The molecular weight (23 kDa) and immunogenicity of p23 gene expressed by L. casei Zhang were similar to that of the native P23 protein. |
| 1347 | 21336991 | Furthermore, the expression of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ in splenocytes of mice was detected by real-time PCR after oral immunization. |
| 1348 | 21316756 | In addition, Epi-1 modulated the expressions of immune-responsive genes like interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, MCP-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and IL-12, and elevated the levels of anti-JEV-neutralizing antibodies in the serum. |
| 1349 | 21300103 | Moreover, both vesicles caused significant activation of APCs as revealed by release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α) and enhanced expression of co-stimulatory signals and maturation markers (CD80, CD86, MHCII), which was significantly higher for smegmosomes as compared to leptosomes. |
| 1350 | 21283805 | Co-administration of IL-1+IL-6+TNF-α with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages vaccine induces better protective T cell memory than BCG. |
| 1351 | 21283805 | Co-administration of IL-1+IL-6+TNF-α with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages vaccine induces better protective T cell memory than BCG. |
| 1352 | 21283805 | Co-administration of IL-1+IL-6+TNF-α with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages vaccine induces better protective T cell memory than BCG. |
| 1353 | 21283805 | Hence, in the present study we employed T cell memory augmenting cytokines IL-1+IL-6+TNF-α and IL-7+IL-15 for the induction of the enhancement of long-term protection by the vaccine. |
| 1354 | 21283805 | Hence, in the present study we employed T cell memory augmenting cytokines IL-1+IL-6+TNF-α and IL-7+IL-15 for the induction of the enhancement of long-term protection by the vaccine. |
| 1355 | 21283805 | Hence, in the present study we employed T cell memory augmenting cytokines IL-1+IL-6+TNF-α and IL-7+IL-15 for the induction of the enhancement of long-term protection by the vaccine. |
| 1356 | 21283805 | We co-administered the M. tb infected macrophages vaccine with IL-1+IL-6+TNF-α (IM-1.6.α) and IL-7+IL-15 (IM-7.15). |
| 1357 | 21283805 | We co-administered the M. tb infected macrophages vaccine with IL-1+IL-6+TNF-α (IM-1.6.α) and IL-7+IL-15 (IM-7.15). |
| 1358 | 21283805 | We co-administered the M. tb infected macrophages vaccine with IL-1+IL-6+TNF-α (IM-1.6.α) and IL-7+IL-15 (IM-7.15). |
| 1359 | 21283805 | IM-1.6.α but not IM-7.15 significantly improved memory T cell response against M. tb, as evidenced by recall responses of memory T cells, expansion of both central as well as effector memory CD4 and CD8 T cell pools, elicitation of mainly Th1 memory response, reduction in the mycobacterial load and alleviated lung pathology. |
| 1360 | 21283805 | IM-1.6.α but not IM-7.15 significantly improved memory T cell response against M. tb, as evidenced by recall responses of memory T cells, expansion of both central as well as effector memory CD4 and CD8 T cell pools, elicitation of mainly Th1 memory response, reduction in the mycobacterial load and alleviated lung pathology. |
| 1361 | 21283805 | IM-1.6.α but not IM-7.15 significantly improved memory T cell response against M. tb, as evidenced by recall responses of memory T cells, expansion of both central as well as effector memory CD4 and CD8 T cell pools, elicitation of mainly Th1 memory response, reduction in the mycobacterial load and alleviated lung pathology. |
| 1362 | 21267444 | Poly(I-C) induction of genes involved in alerting the innate immune system to the infectious threat, including TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha and beta, CCL5 and IL-6, were suppressed by infection with live MPV. |
| 1363 | 21256188 | The presence of α-tocopherol also modulated the expression of some cytokines, including CCL2, CCL3, IL-6, CSF3 and CXCL1; increased the antigen loading in monocytes; and increased the recruitment of granulocytes in the dLNs. |
| 1364 | 21245658 | The cytokine (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-23) profiles of DCs induced by individual TLR agonists have been evaluated. |
| 1365 | 21245658 | Using various mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors (c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK) we have demonstrated the importance of p38 MAPK and ERK signaling pathways in IL-12p70 and IL-12p40 production in DCs induced by TLR stimulation, whereas the JNK pathway appeared to have a negative regulatory role on cytokine production in DCs stimulated with certain TLR agonists. |
| 1366 | 21244466 | In this study, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-1β; Th1 cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β); and Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients was studied. |
| 1367 | 21244466 | PBMCs from the majority of patients (53-100%) spontaneously secreted detectable concentrations of all cytokines tested, except for IL2 (29%) and IL-10 (41%). |
| 1368 | 21242525 | Using homogeneous dsRNA oligonucleotides (ONs) ranging in length from 25 to 540 bp, we observed that a minimum length of ∼90 bp was sufficient to induce CD86, IL-12p40, IFN-β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression, and to mature DC into APC that cross-presented exogenous Ags to CD8(+) T cells. |
| 1369 | 21215344 | In addition, transient increase of cytokine transcripts (iNOS, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-8, and IL-6 in the lung and iNOS, IL-18, and IL-6 in the spleen) was detected. |
| 1370 | 21215344 | In addition, transient increase of cytokine transcripts (iNOS, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-8, and IL-6 in the lung and iNOS, IL-18, and IL-6 in the spleen) was detected. |
| 1371 | 21215344 | Compared to chickens vaccinated with LP vaccines, HP vaccinated chickens had increased transcripts of iNOS at 5 dpv but decreased transcripts of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 at 10 dpv in the lung. |
| 1372 | 21215344 | Compared to chickens vaccinated with LP vaccines, HP vaccinated chickens had increased transcripts of iNOS at 5 dpv but decreased transcripts of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 at 10 dpv in the lung. |
| 1373 | 21191086 | Meningococcal CPS induced a dose-dependent release of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL10) and NO from human and murine macrophages, respectively. |
| 1374 | 21191086 | CPS induced IL-8 release from HEK cells stably transfected with TLR2/6, TLR2, TLR2/CD14, and TLR4/MD-2/CD14 but not HEK cells alone. mAb to TLR2 but not an isotype control antibody blocked CPS-induced IL-8 release from HEK-TLR2/6-transfected cells. |
| 1375 | 21191086 | A significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-8 release was seen when THP-1- and HEK-TLR4/MD-2-CD14- but not HEK-TLR2- or HEK-TLR2/6-transfected cells were stimulated with CPS in the presence of Eritoran (E5564), a lipid A antagonist that binds to MD-2, and a similar reduction in NO and TNF-α release was also seen in RAW 264.7 cells in the presence of Eritoran. |
| 1376 | 21191086 | CD14 and LBP enhanced CPS bioactivity, and NF-κB was, as anticipated, the major signaling pathway. |
| 1377 | 21153637 | Furthermore, exposure of Tregs to RAdV-exposed DCs increased IL-17 production and suppressive capacity, and correlated with enhanced secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 by DCs. |
| 1378 | 21152080 | We found that innate TLR responses (i) known to support Th17 adaptive immune responses (IL-23, IL-6) peaked around birth and declined over the following 2 years only to increase again by adulthood; (ii) potentially supporting antiviral defense (IFN-α) reached adult level function by 1 year of age; (iii) known to support Th1 type immunity (IL-12p70, IFN-γ) slowly rose from a low at birth but remained far below adult responses even at 2 years of age; (iv) inducing IL-10 production steadily declined from a high around birth to adult levels by 1 or 2 years of age, and; (v) leading to production of TNF-α or IL-1β varied by stimuli. |
| 1379 | 21106776 | The serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 of pneumonic plague patients were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 1380 | 21098227 | In this study, we demonstrate that the induction of TNF and IL-6 expression by LVS in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages was markedly enhanced when PI3K activity was inhibited by either of the well-known chemical inhibitors, wortmannin or LY294002. |
| 1381 | 21098227 | In this study, we demonstrate that the induction of TNF and IL-6 expression by LVS in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages was markedly enhanced when PI3K activity was inhibited by either of the well-known chemical inhibitors, wortmannin or LY294002. |
| 1382 | 21098227 | The enhanced cytokine expression was accompanied by enhanced activation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, both of which were critical for LVS-induced expression of TNF and IL-6. |
| 1383 | 21098227 | The enhanced cytokine expression was accompanied by enhanced activation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, both of which were critical for LVS-induced expression of TNF and IL-6. |
| 1384 | 21098227 | LVS-induced MAPK activation and cytokine production were TLR2- and MyD88- dependent. |
| 1385 | 21098227 | LVS-induced MAPK activation and cytokine production were TLR2- and MyD88- dependent. |
| 1386 | 21098227 | PI3K/Akt activation was MyD88-dependent, but was surprisingly TLR2-independent. |
| 1387 | 21098227 | PI3K/Akt activation was MyD88-dependent, but was surprisingly TLR2-independent. |
| 1388 | 21098227 | LVS infection also rapidly induced MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) expression; PI3K and TLR2 signaling were required. |
| 1389 | 21098227 | LVS infection also rapidly induced MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) expression; PI3K and TLR2 signaling were required. |
| 1390 | 21098227 | Peak levels of MKP-1 correlated closely with the decline in p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. |
| 1391 | 21098227 | Peak levels of MKP-1 correlated closely with the decline in p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. |
| 1392 | 21098227 | These data suggest that infection by LVS restrains the TLR2-triggered proinflammatory response via parallel activation of PI3K, leading to enhanced MKP-1 expression, accelerated deactivation of MAPKs, and suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production. |
| 1393 | 21098227 | These data suggest that infection by LVS restrains the TLR2-triggered proinflammatory response via parallel activation of PI3K, leading to enhanced MKP-1 expression, accelerated deactivation of MAPKs, and suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production. |
| 1394 | 21095251 | Secretion of IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α was enhanced in cultures of AgI/II-stimulated splenic cells isolated from mice that had received LT-IIc as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 1395 | 21095251 | In contrast to LT-IIa and LT-IIb, the original members of the type II subgroup that also are mucosal adjuvants, LT-IIc dramatically enhanced secretion of IL-1α and IL-1β in peritoneal macrophages that had been co-cultured with LPS. |
| 1396 | 21093495 | Our results showed that the infection of bmDCs with SA14-14-2 resulted in viral replication and upregulation of bmDC maturation marker molecules (CD40, CD80, CD83 and MHC I). |
| 1397 | 21093495 | SA14-14-2 infection also stimulated the production of interferon-α (IFN-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) of bmDC. |
| 1398 | 21085613 | PLY synergized with TLR agonists to enhance secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-1α and TNF-α by DC and enhanced cytokines including IL-17A and IFN-γ by splenocytes. |
| 1399 | 21085613 | IL-1β plays a key role in promoting IL-17A and was previously shown to mediate protection against pneumococcal infection. |
| 1400 | 21049021 | LL-37 neutralized the pro-inflammatory activity of endotoxin-free CPS as assessed by TLR2 and TLR4-MD-2-dependent release of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8 from human and murine macrophages. |
| 1401 | 21049021 | LL-37 also inhibited the ability of meningococcal CPS to induce nitric oxide release, as well as TNFα and CXCL10 (IP-10) release from TLR4-sufficient and TLR4-deficient murine macrophages. |
| 1402 | 21049021 | We conclude that the capacity of meningococcal CPS to activate macrophages via TLR2 and TLR4-MD-2 can be inhibited by the human cationic host defense peptide LL-37 and propose that this impacts CPS-based vaccine responses. |
| 1403 | 21033558 | On days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after immunomodulation and/or immunisation, the serum level of gamma-globulins, the activity of lysozyme (LSM) as well as the serum levels of cytokines: interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were determined, as indices of non-specific immune response against Mhp infections in pigs. |
| 1404 | 21033558 | On days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after immunomodulation and/or immunisation, the serum level of gamma-globulins, the activity of lysozyme (LSM) as well as the serum levels of cytokines: interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were determined, as indices of non-specific immune response against Mhp infections in pigs. |
| 1405 | 21033558 | The study has revealed that in piglets after weaning the application of the Bioimmuno and/or Respisure One biopreparations improves the non-specific immunity parameters stimulating an increase in serum levels of gamma-globulins, lysozyme and cytokines (IFNgamma, IL-1beta, IL-6), while late appearing seroconversion confirms a minor role of specific humoral immunity in the protection against Mhp infection. |
| 1406 | 21033558 | The study has revealed that in piglets after weaning the application of the Bioimmuno and/or Respisure One biopreparations improves the non-specific immunity parameters stimulating an increase in serum levels of gamma-globulins, lysozyme and cytokines (IFNgamma, IL-1beta, IL-6), while late appearing seroconversion confirms a minor role of specific humoral immunity in the protection against Mhp infection. |
| 1407 | 21031251 | The innate immune response mainly represented by Toll-like receptors and Nod-like receptors that recognize their specific ligands, activate transcription factors as NF-kB, AP-1, CREB-1, inducing production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL -8, IL-12, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and IL-10. |
| 1408 | 20930069 | IL-6 in human cytomegalovirus secretome promotes angiogenesis and survival of endothelial cells through the stimulation of survivin. |
| 1409 | 20930069 | IL-6 in human cytomegalovirus secretome promotes angiogenesis and survival of endothelial cells through the stimulation of survivin. |
| 1410 | 20930069 | IL-6 in human cytomegalovirus secretome promotes angiogenesis and survival of endothelial cells through the stimulation of survivin. |
| 1411 | 20930069 | IL-6 in human cytomegalovirus secretome promotes angiogenesis and survival of endothelial cells through the stimulation of survivin. |
| 1412 | 20930069 | Several cytokines were significantly induced in the HCMV secretomes including interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-8/CXCL8. |
| 1413 | 20930069 | Several cytokines were significantly induced in the HCMV secretomes including interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-8/CXCL8. |
| 1414 | 20930069 | Several cytokines were significantly induced in the HCMV secretomes including interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-8/CXCL8. |
| 1415 | 20930069 | Several cytokines were significantly induced in the HCMV secretomes including interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-8/CXCL8. |
| 1416 | 20930069 | In these cells, IL-6 prevented apoptosis by blocking caspase-3 and -7 activation through the induction of survivin. |
| 1417 | 20930069 | In these cells, IL-6 prevented apoptosis by blocking caspase-3 and -7 activation through the induction of survivin. |
| 1418 | 20930069 | In these cells, IL-6 prevented apoptosis by blocking caspase-3 and -7 activation through the induction of survivin. |
| 1419 | 20930069 | In these cells, IL-6 prevented apoptosis by blocking caspase-3 and -7 activation through the induction of survivin. |
| 1420 | 20930069 | Neutralization of IL-6 receptor on ECs abolished the ability of HCMV secretome to increase survivin expression and activated effector caspases. |
| 1421 | 20930069 | Neutralization of IL-6 receptor on ECs abolished the ability of HCMV secretome to increase survivin expression and activated effector caspases. |
| 1422 | 20930069 | Neutralization of IL-6 receptor on ECs abolished the ability of HCMV secretome to increase survivin expression and activated effector caspases. |
| 1423 | 20930069 | Neutralization of IL-6 receptor on ECs abolished the ability of HCMV secretome to increase survivin expression and activated effector caspases. |
| 1424 | 20921283 | These pathogenic T cells initiated a cytokine storm characterized by high levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and depletion of T cells or blockade of these inflammatory cytokines prevented the lethal disease. |
| 1425 | 20921283 | These pathogenic T cells initiated a cytokine storm characterized by high levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and depletion of T cells or blockade of these inflammatory cytokines prevented the lethal disease. |
| 1426 | 20921283 | Furthermore, we identify a potential strategy (blockade of TNF and IL-6) for treatment of transplant recipients who have acute complications of viral infection. |
| 1427 | 20921283 | Furthermore, we identify a potential strategy (blockade of TNF and IL-6) for treatment of transplant recipients who have acute complications of viral infection. |
| 1428 | 20877154 | Transcription of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 mRNA on canine CD21(+) cells was confirmed by reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). |
| 1429 | 20877154 | Quantification of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p40 mRNA transcription on canine CD21(+) cells revealed that CpG-ODNs enhanced IL-6 mRNA transcription but not IL-10 and IL-12p40 mRNA transcription (P<0.05 compared with control-ODNs). |
| 1430 | 20859626 | Here, loading with leukemic cell preparations (harboring both unknown and known LAA) was explored in combination with a DC maturation-inducing cytokine cocktail (CC; IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE(2)) and Toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-L) to optimize uptake. |
| 1431 | 20855616 | In the present study, we demonstrate that virus-associated RNAs (VA-RNAs), which are small RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III, induce the production of type I IFN (IFN-α and IFN-β), but they do not induce the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12), in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-generated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (GM-DCs). |
| 1432 | 20816019 | The immunological consequences of the treatment were evaluated with plasma- and serum-levels of inflammatory and non-inflammatory markers (the following 10 cytokines: GM-CSF, INF-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha, and in addition the inflammatory chemokines MIP-1beta, Eotaxin and IP-10) and biomarkers CEA and TIMP-1. |
| 1433 | 20816019 | These analyses showed that the vaccine induced increasing levels of Th1 cytokines such as GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 in patients achieving stable disease. |
| 1434 | 20816019 | Patients with progressive disease had increasing levels of CEA and TIMP-1, while patients achieving stable disease maintained relatively stable levels. |
| 1435 | 20810819 | Cellular responses were assessed by investigating molecular changes at cell-cell junctions and by determining levels of secreted IL-6, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the culture medium. |
| 1436 | 20810819 | Cellular responses were assessed by investigating molecular changes at cell-cell junctions and by determining levels of secreted IL-6, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the culture medium. |
| 1437 | 20810819 | These barrier changes were associated with disruption of junctional vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and F-actin and an increase in endothelial secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. |
| 1438 | 20810819 | These barrier changes were associated with disruption of junctional vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and F-actin and an increase in endothelial secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. |
| 1439 | 20810726 | Syncytia were also evident, along with significant basolateral secretion of proinflammatory chemokines, including IP-10, RANTES, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8. |
| 1440 | 20800630 | Furthermore, intravenous administration of Ad35 vectors in WT and CD46TG mice resulted in higher levels of serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 compared with administration of Ad5F35 vectors, which exhibited almost mock-transduced levels of these inflammatory cytokines. |
| 1441 | 20800114 | We show that a short peptide, named Hp91, whose sequence corresponds to an area within the endogenous molecule high mobility group box (HMGB1) protein 1 potentiates cellular immune responses to peptide antigen and cellular and humoral immune responses to protein antigen in vivo. |
| 1442 | 20800114 | Hp91 promoted the in vivo production of the immunomodulatory cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 (p70), as well as antigen-specific activation of CD8+ T cells. |
| 1443 | 20709294 | Vaccinia induced rapid TLR2-dependent responses, leading to IL-6 production, which then initiated STAT3 signaling in dendritic and T cells. |
| 1444 | 20709294 | Vaccinia induced rapid TLR2-dependent responses, leading to IL-6 production, which then initiated STAT3 signaling in dendritic and T cells. |
| 1445 | 20709294 | In resistant C57BL/6 mice, the STAT1 and STAT3 pathways were rapidly activated, whereas in susceptible BALB/c mice, IL-6-dependent STAT3 activation did not occur. |
| 1446 | 20709294 | In resistant C57BL/6 mice, the STAT1 and STAT3 pathways were rapidly activated, whereas in susceptible BALB/c mice, IL-6-dependent STAT3 activation did not occur. |
| 1447 | 20709105 | Expression of selected gene groups was tested via qPCR at 7 different time-points: cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10), type I interferons (IFN-α4, IFN-α11, IFN-α12, and IFN-β), toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9), iNOS and CCR7. |
| 1448 | 20709105 | Expression of selected gene groups was tested via qPCR at 7 different time-points: cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10), type I interferons (IFN-α4, IFN-α11, IFN-α12, and IFN-β), toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9), iNOS and CCR7. |
| 1449 | 20709105 | Intranasally administered DBF and the mixture of virus+DBF induced an elevated expression of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines, type I interferons, iNOS, and pDC markers in NALT. |
| 1450 | 20709105 | Intranasally administered DBF and the mixture of virus+DBF induced an elevated expression of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines, type I interferons, iNOS, and pDC markers in NALT. |
| 1451 | 20683901 | We find that this vaccine enhances the proliferation of CD4(+) Th17 cells, which contrasts with the highly polarized Th1 response caused by L. major alone; the Th17 response is dependent upon release of vaccine-induced IL-6. |
| 1452 | 20683901 | Neutralization of IFN-gamma and, in particular, IL-17 caused increased parasite burdens in Lm/CpG-vaccinated mice. |
| 1453 | 20683901 | IL-17R-deficient Lm/CpG-vaccinated mice develop lesions, and display decreased IL-17 and IFN-gamma, despite normal IL-12, production. |
| 1454 | 20655592 | We analyzed gene expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6), pro-immune (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in PBMC, as well as hormonal (GH and cortisol) levels in blood samples of pigs obtained in a field trial previously reported [Martelli P, Gozio S, Ferrari L, Rosina S, De Angelis E, Quintavalla C, et al. |
| 1455 | 20655592 | We analyzed gene expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6), pro-immune (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in PBMC, as well as hormonal (GH and cortisol) levels in blood samples of pigs obtained in a field trial previously reported [Martelli P, Gozio S, Ferrari L, Rosina S, De Angelis E, Quintavalla C, et al. |
| 1456 | 20655592 | In contrast, unvaccinated pigs showed down-regulation of the cortisol and GH responses, and the pro-inflammatory and pro-immune cytokines remained at a basal or low level, with an increase of TNF-α and IL-6 in association with a higher level of IL-10 in the late phase of natural infection. |
| 1457 | 20655592 | In contrast, unvaccinated pigs showed down-regulation of the cortisol and GH responses, and the pro-inflammatory and pro-immune cytokines remained at a basal or low level, with an increase of TNF-α and IL-6 in association with a higher level of IL-10 in the late phase of natural infection. |
| 1458 | 20631336 | Moreover, the levels of interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) in peripheral blood were upregulated 7 days postinoculation with HuN4, which was earlier than in the HuN4-F112 group. |
| 1459 | 20625487 | Fifty six genes such as TNF, NFKB1, IL2, IL6, and MAPK8 were ranked among the top 25 by at least one of the centrality methods in one or both networks. |
| 1460 | 20624887 | Using a model wherein mice are vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guérin after Mtb infection, we show that repeated vaccination results in increased IL-17, tumor necrosis factor, IL-6, and MIP-2 expression, influx of granulocytes/neutrophils, and lung tissue damage. |
| 1461 | 20624887 | This pathological response is abrogated in mice deficient in the gene encoding IL-23p19 or in the presence of IL-17-blocking antibody. |
| 1462 | 20607036 | Here, we report that PDT can induce IL-1 and IL-6 and reduce TNF-alpha expression from DCs. |
| 1463 | 20600501 | Immunization of A/J or C57BL/6 mice with J-LEAPS heteroconjugates containing an epitope from the HSV-1 glycoprotein D (JgD) or an epitope from the HIV gag protein (JH) emulsified with Seppic ISA51 induced increased levels of IL-12p70 by day 3 and increased levels of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) on days 10 and 24. |
| 1464 | 20600501 | Interestingly, levels of IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 did not change. |
| 1465 | 20600501 | Bone marrow (BM) cells became CD86 and CD11c positive within 48 h of treatment with JgD or JH. |
| 1466 | 20600278 | By using ETEC strains expressing either polymeric, monomeric or F4 fimbriae with a reduced polymeric stability, we demonstrated that polymeric fimbriae are essential for adhesion to porcine IEC and the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by IEC. |
| 1467 | 20600278 | By using ETEC strains expressing either polymeric, monomeric or F4 fimbriae with a reduced polymeric stability, we demonstrated that polymeric fimbriae are essential for adhesion to porcine IEC and the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by IEC. |
| 1468 | 20600278 | Indeed, porcine IEC express TLR5 and purified flagellin induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, indicating that, as for other pathogens, flagellin is the dominant virulence factor involved in the induction of proinflammatory responses in IEC. |
| 1469 | 20600278 | Indeed, porcine IEC express TLR5 and purified flagellin induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, indicating that, as for other pathogens, flagellin is the dominant virulence factor involved in the induction of proinflammatory responses in IEC. |
| 1470 | 20598784 | IEC supernatants showed higher levels of IL-10, IL-6 and TGF-beta. |
| 1471 | 20574911 | At the end of the 14-d exposure period, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were recovered, cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-6, keratinocyte-derived chemokine [KC], and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) in BAL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and leukocytes in BAL were counted. |
| 1472 | 20574911 | Likewise, the group that was exposed to the highest level of SBD had significantly higher levels of IL-1beta, KC, and TNF than controls and some other groups. |
| 1473 | 20548030 | To focus on the consequences of Treg deficiency confined to the skin, we generated mixed CCR4(KO) FoxP3(KO) bone marrow (CCR4/FoxP3) chimeras in which skin, but not other tissues or central lymphoid organs, lack Treg. |
| 1474 | 20548030 | Levels of the antiviral cytokines, type I and II IFNs and IL-12, were reduced, whereas expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-beta, and IL-23, was increased. |
| 1475 | 20548030 | Importantly, infection of CCR4/FoxP3 chimeras by a noncutaneous route (i.p.) induced immune responses comparable to controls. |
| 1476 | 20490763 | F.t. infection up-regulated IL-12 p40 production and down-regulated TNF-alpha production by stimulated macrophages; on the other hand, F.t. infection did not affect the production of IL-8, IL-6, MCP-5, and RANTES by stimulated macrophages. |
| 1477 | 20488794 | Furthermore, this diet resulted in low mRNA expression levels of IL-17, IFN regulatory factor 4, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-23 without alteration of other genes, such as RORgammat, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-25, and IL-27 in the small intestine ileum. |
| 1478 | 20488794 | Interestingly, the VAD diet elicited high levels of mucin MUC2 by goblet cell hyperplasia and subsequently reduced gut microbiome, including segmented filamentous bacteria. |
| 1479 | 20488794 | Much like wild-type mice, the VAD diet-fed MyD88-/-TRIF-/- mice had significantly fewer IL-17-secreting CD4+ T cells than the control diet-fed MyD88-/-TRIF-/- mice. |
| 1480 | 20479237 | We show that protection against inhalation anthrax by an irradiated spore vaccine depends on CT-mediated induction of IL-17-producing CD4 Th17 cells. |
| 1481 | 20479237 | Th17 cells induced by CT have a unique cytokine profile compared with those induced by IL-6 and TGF-beta, and their induction by CT requires cAMP-dependent secretion of IL-1beta and beta-calcitonin gene-related peptide by dendritic cells. |
| 1482 | 20466823 | Optimal TLR9 signal converts tolerogenic CD4-8- DCs into immunogenic ones capable of stimulating antitumor immunity via activating CD4+ Th1/Th17 and NK cell responses. |
| 1483 | 20466823 | Optimal TLR9 signal converts tolerogenic CD4-8- DCs into immunogenic ones capable of stimulating antitumor immunity via activating CD4+ Th1/Th17 and NK cell responses. |
| 1484 | 20466823 | We have demonstrated previously that CD4-8- DCs secreting TGF-beta stimulate CD4+ Tr1 cell responses. |
| 1485 | 20466823 | We have demonstrated previously that CD4-8- DCs secreting TGF-beta stimulate CD4+ Tr1 cell responses. |
| 1486 | 20466823 | Here, we have assessed whether TLR4 and TLR9 signaling through LPS and CpG stimulation can convert CD4-8- DC-induced tolerance. |
| 1487 | 20466823 | Here, we have assessed whether TLR4 and TLR9 signaling through LPS and CpG stimulation can convert CD4-8- DC-induced tolerance. |
| 1488 | 20466823 | CpG-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-secreting IL-6/IL-15 induced IFN-gamma/IL-17-secreting/T-bet- and ROR-gammat-expressing CD4+ Th1/Th17, whereas LPS-treated CD4-8- DCOVA stimulated IFN-gamma-secreting/T-bet-expressing CD4+ Th1 responses. |
| 1489 | 20466823 | CpG-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-secreting IL-6/IL-15 induced IFN-gamma/IL-17-secreting/T-bet- and ROR-gammat-expressing CD4+ Th1/Th17, whereas LPS-treated CD4-8- DCOVA stimulated IFN-gamma-secreting/T-bet-expressing CD4+ Th1 responses. |
| 1490 | 20466823 | CpG-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-stimulated CD4+ Th1/Th17 cell responses and antitumor immunity were found to be reduced by using neutralizing anti-IL-6, IL-15, and NK1.1 antibodies in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, IL-15R-/- mice for immunization, or CD4-8- (IL-6-/-) DCOVA for immunization in C57BL/6 mice. |
| 1491 | 20466823 | CpG-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-stimulated CD4+ Th1/Th17 cell responses and antitumor immunity were found to be reduced by using neutralizing anti-IL-6, IL-15, and NK1.1 antibodies in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, IL-15R-/- mice for immunization, or CD4-8- (IL-6-/-) DCOVA for immunization in C57BL/6 mice. |
| 1492 | 20466823 | Interestingly, in vitro-generated CD4+ Th17 cells significantly enhanced LPS-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-induced in vivo antitumor immunity via increasing CD8+ CTL responses (P<0.05), although they did not show any direct killing activity against tumor cells in vitro. |
| 1493 | 20466823 | Interestingly, in vitro-generated CD4+ Th17 cells significantly enhanced LPS-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-induced in vivo antitumor immunity via increasing CD8+ CTL responses (P<0.05), although they did not show any direct killing activity against tumor cells in vitro. |
| 1494 | 20466823 | Taken together, our data demonstrate an effect of conversion of tolerogenic DCs into immunogenic ones capable of stimulating antitumor immunity via activating CD4+ Th1/Th17 and NK cell responses by optimal CpG signaling, which may advance current understanding of the importance of TLR9 signaling in a DC-based cancer vaccine. |
| 1495 | 20466823 | Taken together, our data demonstrate an effect of conversion of tolerogenic DCs into immunogenic ones capable of stimulating antitumor immunity via activating CD4+ Th1/Th17 and NK cell responses by optimal CpG signaling, which may advance current understanding of the importance of TLR9 signaling in a DC-based cancer vaccine. |
| 1496 | 20454646 | A pivotal role for interleukin-27 in CD8+ T cell functions and generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 1497 | 20454646 | Interleukin (IL)-27, a member of the IL-6/IL-12 heterodimeric cytokine family, acts on naive CD4+ T cells and plays pivotal roles as a proinflammatory cytokine to promote the early initiation of type-1 helper differentiation and also as an antiinflammatory cytokine to limit the T cell hyperactivity and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. |
| 1498 | 20454646 | Recent studies revealed that IL-27 plays an important role in CD8+ T cells as well. |
| 1499 | 20454646 | Therefore, this article reviews current understanding of the role of IL-27 in CD8+ T cell functions and generation of CTLs. |
| 1500 | 20445564 | Single nucleotide polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 6 are associated with altered lipopeptide- and mycobacteria-induced interleukin-6 secretion. |
| 1501 | 20445564 | Single nucleotide polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 6 are associated with altered lipopeptide- and mycobacteria-induced interleukin-6 secretion. |
| 1502 | 20445564 | We sequenced the TLR6 coding region in 100 healthy South African adults to assess genetic variation and determined associations between polymorphisms and lipopeptide- and mycobacteria-induced interleukin (IL)-6 production in whole blood. |
| 1503 | 20445564 | We sequenced the TLR6 coding region in 100 healthy South African adults to assess genetic variation and determined associations between polymorphisms and lipopeptide- and mycobacteria-induced interleukin (IL)-6 production in whole blood. |
| 1504 | 20445007 | The current studies used the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist palmitoyl(3)-cysteine-serine-lysine(4) (PAM) or the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate human whole blood and determine whether postponing the addition of the GC dexamethasone (DEX) limits its ability to decrease cytokine production. |
| 1505 | 20445007 | The current studies used the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist palmitoyl(3)-cysteine-serine-lysine(4) (PAM) or the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate human whole blood and determine whether postponing the addition of the GC dexamethasone (DEX) limits its ability to decrease cytokine production. |
| 1506 | 20445007 | The current studies used the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist palmitoyl(3)-cysteine-serine-lysine(4) (PAM) or the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate human whole blood and determine whether postponing the addition of the GC dexamethasone (DEX) limits its ability to decrease cytokine production. |
| 1507 | 20445007 | The current studies used the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist palmitoyl(3)-cysteine-serine-lysine(4) (PAM) or the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate human whole blood and determine whether postponing the addition of the GC dexamethasone (DEX) limits its ability to decrease cytokine production. |
| 1508 | 20445007 | Twenty-four hours after stimulation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and IL-8 levels were measured, in addition to the cytokine inhibitors IL-1 soluble receptor II (SRII), IL-1 receptor antagonist, and TNF SRII. |
| 1509 | 20445007 | Twenty-four hours after stimulation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and IL-8 levels were measured, in addition to the cytokine inhibitors IL-1 soluble receptor II (SRII), IL-1 receptor antagonist, and TNF SRII. |
| 1510 | 20445007 | Twenty-four hours after stimulation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and IL-8 levels were measured, in addition to the cytokine inhibitors IL-1 soluble receptor II (SRII), IL-1 receptor antagonist, and TNF SRII. |
| 1511 | 20445007 | Twenty-four hours after stimulation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and IL-8 levels were measured, in addition to the cytokine inhibitors IL-1 soluble receptor II (SRII), IL-1 receptor antagonist, and TNF SRII. |
| 1512 | 20445007 | PAM stimulation also induced IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8. |
| 1513 | 20445007 | PAM stimulation also induced IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8. |
| 1514 | 20445007 | PAM stimulation also induced IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8. |
| 1515 | 20445007 | PAM stimulation also induced IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8. |
| 1516 | 20445007 | Delaying the addition of DEX until 6 h after LPS stimulation failed to decrease TNF or IL-6. |
| 1517 | 20445007 | Delaying the addition of DEX until 6 h after LPS stimulation failed to decrease TNF or IL-6. |
| 1518 | 20445007 | Delaying the addition of DEX until 6 h after LPS stimulation failed to decrease TNF or IL-6. |
| 1519 | 20445007 | Delaying the addition of DEX until 6 h after LPS stimulation failed to decrease TNF or IL-6. |
| 1520 | 20445007 | In contrast, delayed DEX addition significantly suppressed PAM-induced IL-1beta, IL-6, or IL-8 and also suppressed LPS-induced IL-1beta and IL-8. |
| 1521 | 20445007 | In contrast, delayed DEX addition significantly suppressed PAM-induced IL-1beta, IL-6, or IL-8 and also suppressed LPS-induced IL-1beta and IL-8. |
| 1522 | 20445007 | In contrast, delayed DEX addition significantly suppressed PAM-induced IL-1beta, IL-6, or IL-8 and also suppressed LPS-induced IL-1beta and IL-8. |
| 1523 | 20445007 | In contrast, delayed DEX addition significantly suppressed PAM-induced IL-1beta, IL-6, or IL-8 and also suppressed LPS-induced IL-1beta and IL-8. |
| 1524 | 20419805 | The genotyping for TNF (-308), TGFB1 (+869, +915), IL-10 (-1082, -819, -592), IL-6 (-174), and IFNG (+874) was accomplished by the PCR-SSP technique. |
| 1525 | 20410285 | In analyzing the role of type I IFNs in immunity to FPV, we show that they are critical to the secretion of a number of innate and proinflammatory cytokines, including type I IFNs themselves as well as interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, and IL-1beta, and that deficiency leads to enhanced virus-mediated antigen expression. |
| 1526 | 20404924 | Further, circulating levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-2 were analysed in VL patients (n = 29) by Cytometric Bead Array to evaluate correlation with parasitic load. |
| 1527 | 20392887 | Treatment of Cmah-null macrophages with LT-IIb(T13I), however, upregulated the transcription of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-17, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), four cytokines important for promoting immune responses. |
| 1528 | 20382859 | Phenotypic EPC populations enumerated by flow cytometry [CD34(+)VEGF receptor (VEGF)R-2(+)CD133(+), CD14(+)VEGFR-2(+)Tie2(+), CD45(-)CD34(+), as a surrogate for late outgrowth EPCs, and CD34(+)CXCR-4(+)], EC-CFUs, and serum cytokine concentrations (high sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, and stromal-derived factor-1) were quantified during the first 7 days. |
| 1529 | 20382859 | Phenotypic EPC populations enumerated by flow cytometry [CD34(+)VEGF receptor (VEGF)R-2(+)CD133(+), CD14(+)VEGFR-2(+)Tie2(+), CD45(-)CD34(+), as a surrogate for late outgrowth EPCs, and CD34(+)CXCR-4(+)], EC-CFUs, and serum cytokine concentrations (high sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, and stromal-derived factor-1) were quantified during the first 7 days. |
| 1530 | 20382859 | Vaccination increased circulating leukocyte (9.8 + or - 0.6 vs. 5.1 + or - 0.2 x 10(9) cells/l, P < 0.0001), serum IL-6 [0.95 (0-1.7) vs. 0 (0-0) ng/l, P = 0.016], and VEGF-A [60 (45-94) vs. 43 (21-64) pg/l, P = 0.006] concentrations at 6 h and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein at 24 h [2.7 (1.4-3.6) vs. 0.4 (0.2-0.8) mg/l, P = 0.037]. |
| 1531 | 20382859 | Vaccination increased circulating leukocyte (9.8 + or - 0.6 vs. 5.1 + or - 0.2 x 10(9) cells/l, P < 0.0001), serum IL-6 [0.95 (0-1.7) vs. 0 (0-0) ng/l, P = 0.016], and VEGF-A [60 (45-94) vs. 43 (21-64) pg/l, P = 0.006] concentrations at 6 h and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein at 24 h [2.7 (1.4-3.6) vs. 0.4 (0.2-0.8) mg/l, P = 0.037]. |
| 1532 | 20382859 | Vaccination caused a 56.7 + or - 7.6% increase in CD14(+) cells at 6 h (P < 0.001) and a 22.4 + or - 6.9% increase in CD34(+) cells at 7 days (P = 0.04). |
| 1533 | 20382859 | Vaccination caused a 56.7 + or - 7.6% increase in CD14(+) cells at 6 h (P < 0.001) and a 22.4 + or - 6.9% increase in CD34(+) cells at 7 days (P = 0.04). |
| 1534 | 20375997 | Interestingly, CT regulated the expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 gene and influenced the level and activation of both isoforms STAT3 alpha and STAT3 beta, in vitro in a B-cell line and in Peyer's patch (PP) B cells and in vivo in freshly isolated splenic B cells from CT-treated mice. |
| 1535 | 20375997 | Interestingly, CT regulated the expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 gene and influenced the level and activation of both isoforms STAT3 alpha and STAT3 beta, in vitro in a B-cell line and in Peyer's patch (PP) B cells and in vivo in freshly isolated splenic B cells from CT-treated mice. |
| 1536 | 20375997 | B cells pre-exposed to CT were significantly more susceptible to the activation of STAT3 by interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. |
| 1537 | 20375997 | B cells pre-exposed to CT were significantly more susceptible to the activation of STAT3 by interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. |
| 1538 | 20375997 | This exerted a stronger inhibitory effect of IL-10 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated B-cell proliferation and cytokine production (IL-6). |
| 1539 | 20375997 | This exerted a stronger inhibitory effect of IL-10 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated B-cell proliferation and cytokine production (IL-6). |
| 1540 | 20308420 | In particular, there seems to be effects on cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression levels in both lymphocytes and heterophils, especially expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-18 and chemokines C-C motif, ligand 1 inflammatory (CCLi1); C-C motif, ligand 2 inflammatory (CCLi2); C-C motif, ligand 5 (CCL5); C-C motif, ligand 16 (CCL16); C-X-C motif ligand 1 inflammatory (CXCLi1); and C-X-C motif ligand 2 inflammatory (CXCLi2), which are initially upregulated and are potentially involved in modulating the adaptive immune response. |
| 1541 | 20308420 | Messenger RNA expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta4 (TGF-beta4) are also upregulated in cortisosterone-treated birds. |
| 1542 | 20217072 | IL-6 secretion was co-directionally associated (p < or = 0.01) with five intronic SNPs in the TNFRSF1B gene in an allele dose-related manner, while five promoter/intronic SNPs in the IL12B gene were associated with variations in IL-6 secretion. |
| 1543 | 20217072 | IL-6 secretion was co-directionally associated (p < or = 0.01) with five intronic SNPs in the TNFRSF1B gene in an allele dose-related manner, while five promoter/intronic SNPs in the IL12B gene were associated with variations in IL-6 secretion. |
| 1544 | 20217072 | TNFA haplotype AAACGGGGC (t-statistic = 3.32) and IL12B promoter haplotype TAG (t-statistic = 2.66) were associated with higher levels of (p < or = 0.01) rubella-IgG and IL-6 secretion, respectively. |
| 1545 | 20217072 | TNFA haplotype AAACGGGGC (t-statistic = 3.32) and IL12B promoter haplotype TAG (t-statistic = 2.66) were associated with higher levels of (p < or = 0.01) rubella-IgG and IL-6 secretion, respectively. |
| 1546 | 20217072 | We identified individual SNPs/haplotypes in TNFA/TNFRSF1B and IL12B genes that appear to modulate immunity to rubella vaccination. |
| 1547 | 20217072 | We identified individual SNPs/haplotypes in TNFA/TNFRSF1B and IL12B genes that appear to modulate immunity to rubella vaccination. |
| 1548 | 20156531 | Among the combinations of several immune-modulating factors with known effects on DC maturation, we found that stepwise DC maturation with cytokine cocktail (TNF-alpha+IL-6+IL-1 beta+PGE(2)) followed by poly(I:C) stimulation enhanced the production of IL-12 with strong allostimulatory capacity. |
| 1549 | 20156531 | While there were no significant differences between DC matured by simultaneous or sequential activation by cytokine cocktail and poly(I:C) in expression of markers and costimulatory molecules of mature DCs, the delivery of inflammatory signal prior to poly(I:C) results in sustained interleukin-12 expression with reduced IL-10 than DC matured by simultaneous stimulation. |
| 1550 | 20156531 | This sequential stimulation significantly increased migratory capacity in response to CCL21 and CXCL12 compared to DC matured with cytokine cocktail. |
| 1551 | 20156531 | Furthermore, these DCs retained their responsiveness to CD40L stimulation in secondary IL-12 production and efficiently generated autologous antigen-specific effector T cells as evidenced by ELISPOT assay. |
| 1552 | 20145551 | We observed that BMDC, matured with a cytokine cocktail (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-beta, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2), strongly expressed CCR7. |
| 1553 | 20130130 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donor women were stimulated in vitro with HPV-16 VLPs (2.5 microg/ml) in the presence of E2 and P4 administered either alone or in combination; and lymphoproliferation, cytokine production, transcription factor expression, and steroid hormone receptor expression were analyzed. |
| 1554 | 20130130 | HPV-16 VLPs significantly increased the levels of lymphoproliferation, proinflammatory cytokine (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) production, anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1ra, IL-10) production, and the expression of Eralpha and Erbeta but decreased the levels of Foxp3 expression and production of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). |
| 1555 | 20130130 | Exposure of PBMCs to E2 and P4 either alone or in combination significantly decreased the levels of lymphoproliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-12p70, TNF-alpha) but increased the levels of production of IL-10 and TGF-beta and the expression of Foxp3 in response to HPV-16 VLPs. |
| 1556 | 20117947 | The results showed a robust rubella-specific inflammatory cytokine response characterized by high median [inter-quartile range (IQR)] secretion levels (in pg/mL) of IL-6 [3681.0 (3160.0, 4052.0)], GM-CSF [28.0 (23.6, 32.6)], and TNF-alpha [29.7 (-7.0, 89.2)]. |
| 1557 | 20117947 | The results showed a robust rubella-specific inflammatory cytokine response characterized by high median [inter-quartile range (IQR)] secretion levels (in pg/mL) of IL-6 [3681.0 (3160.0, 4052.0)], GM-CSF [28.0 (23.6, 32.6)], and TNF-alpha [29.7 (-7.0, 89.2)]. |
| 1558 | 20117947 | We also detected modest levels of rubella-specific secretion of Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma, while IL-12p40 was undetectable. |
| 1559 | 20117947 | We also detected modest levels of rubella-specific secretion of Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma, while IL-12p40 was undetectable. |
| 1560 | 20117947 | Age at vaccination, enrollment, and time elapsed between last vaccination and enrollment was significantly associated with the outcome of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 1561 | 20117947 | Age at vaccination, enrollment, and time elapsed between last vaccination and enrollment was significantly associated with the outcome of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 1562 | 20100933 | We used multicolor flow cytometry and intracellular cytokine staining of myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and found substantial decreases in older compared with young individuals in TNF-alpha, IL-6, and/or IL-12 (p40) production in mDCs and in TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha production in pDCs in response to TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR3, TLR5, and TLR8 engagement in mDCs and TLR7 and TLR9 in pDCs. |
| 1563 | 20097110 | Interferon (IFN)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α peaked in BALF 24-30h PI, when virus titres and the severity of clinical signs were maximal. |
| 1564 | 20097110 | Interferon (IFN)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α peaked in BALF 24-30h PI, when virus titres and the severity of clinical signs were maximal. |
| 1565 | 20097110 | Whereas IFN-γ and IL-12, but not IL-18, increased in tandem in BALF, serum cytokine concentrations were either undetectable or were up to 100-fold lower. |
| 1566 | 20097110 | Whereas IFN-γ and IL-12, but not IL-18, increased in tandem in BALF, serum cytokine concentrations were either undetectable or were up to 100-fold lower. |
| 1567 | 20097110 | The APP C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin peaked 24h later than the cytokines and reached higher levels in serum than in BALF. |
| 1568 | 20097110 | The APP C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin peaked 24h later than the cytokines and reached higher levels in serum than in BALF. |
| 1569 | 20097110 | Lung virus titres tightly correlated with BALF IFN-α, IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-12, as well as with serum IL-6, IFN-α and IFN-γ. |
| 1570 | 20097110 | Lung virus titres tightly correlated with BALF IFN-α, IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-12, as well as with serum IL-6, IFN-α and IFN-γ. |
| 1571 | 20097110 | Signs of disease correlated with the same cytokines in BALF and serum, as well as with BALF LBP and serum CRP. |
| 1572 | 20097110 | Signs of disease correlated with the same cytokines in BALF and serum, as well as with BALF LBP and serum CRP. |
| 1573 | 20087927 | There was a synergistic increase in cytokine production (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-beta) in BM-DCs, together with an increase in the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD86 and CD40) in response to co-treatment with poly(I:C) and zymosan. |
| 1574 | 20087927 | The results of the current study suggest that one of the mechanisms by which zymosan enhances the adjuvant activity of poly(I:C) is through increased cytokine production by DCs involving the synergistic activation of poly(I:C)-induced TLR3- and zymosan-induced TLR2-mediated signaling pathways. |
| 1575 | 20079393 | We identified 23 significant associations (p < 0.05) between polymorphisms within the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) gene cluster, and rubella virus-specific IL-2, IL-10, IL-6 secretion, and antibody levels. |
| 1576 | 20079393 | The minor allele variants of three OAS1 SNPs (rs3741981/Ser162Gly, rs1051042/Thr361Arg, rs2660), located in a linkage disequilibrium block of functional importance, were significantly associated with an increase in rubella virus-specific IL-2/T(h)1 response (p <or = 0.024). |
| 1577 | 20079393 | Seven OAS1 and OAS3 promoter/regulatory SNPs were similarly associated with IL-2 secretion. |
| 1578 | 20071492 | Two components, C16:0-LPC and C18:0-LPC, were identified to be capable of the upregulation of expression of CD86, HLA-DR, and CD40 on in vitro-cultured monocyte-derived DCs from healthy donors. |
| 1579 | 20071492 | Both induced the release of chemokines to high concentrations (macrophage inflammatory protein 1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) or moderate concentrations (interleukin-8 [IL-8], gamma interferon-inducible protein 10). |
| 1580 | 20071492 | The intravenous injection of C16:0-LPC or C18:0-LPC into mice resulted in the detectable secretion of IL-6 and IL-5 in sera. |
| 1581 | 20056331 | Changes in the levels of rabbit interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) mRNA were determined. |
| 1582 | 20056331 | All cytokine mRNAs were found at detectable levels; however, the levels of IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-2 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the vaccinated group compared to the non-vaccinated group. |
| 1583 | 20022123 | This FcgammaR ligation induced a significantly enhanced expression of Major Histocompatibility complex (MHCII) class II and the costimulatory molecules CD80/86 and CD40 by MoDC compared with immature MoDC. |
| 1584 | 20022123 | The F4-IC induced DC maturation correlated with significant higher expression levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukine (IL) 1beta, IL-6 and Tumor necrosis factor alpha, the chemokine IL-8 and IL-12p40 in comparison with immature MoDC. |
| 1585 | 20010627 | FC-CD40L showed an enhanced expression of CD80, CD86, CD54 and MHC class II molecules and elicited a strong in vitro immune response in a syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. |
| 1586 | 20010627 | Splenocytes from mice treated with FC-CD40L had a dramatic increase in the production of IL-17, IL-6 and IFN-gamma, compared with controls. |
| 1587 | 20007364 | Association of reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) but increased IL-10 expression with improved chest radiography in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. |
| 1588 | 20007364 | The objective of the present study was to correlate the modulation of cytokine expression (interleukin-1 [IL-1], IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], interferon-inducible protein [IP-10], and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 [MCP-1]) with the clinical response to 2 months of intensive therapy. |
| 1589 | 20007364 | The levels of expression of TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IFN-gamma, and IL-1beta were decreased; and the level of IL-10 increased in early responders. |
| 1590 | 20007364 | After adjustment for age, gender, and the result of sputum culture for M. tuberculosis, significant differences in the levels of MCP-1 and IP-10 expression were observed between the early and the late responders after 2 months of intensive anti-M. tuberculosis therapy. |
| 1591 | 19923575 | In response to the recombinant L. casei secreting IL-1beta, expression of IL-6 was detected in vivo using a ligated-intestinal-loop assay. |
| 1592 | 19923573 | In this study, WB and PBMC interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release assays were used to estimate the endotoxic activities of purified LPS and native outer membrane vesicle (NOMV) vaccines derived from wild-type (hexa-acylated lipid A) and genetically detoxified (penta- and tetra-acylated lipid A) group B Neisseria meningitidis. |
| 1593 | 19923573 | In this study, WB and PBMC interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release assays were used to estimate the endotoxic activities of purified LPS and native outer membrane vesicle (NOMV) vaccines derived from wild-type (hexa-acylated lipid A) and genetically detoxified (penta- and tetra-acylated lipid A) group B Neisseria meningitidis. |
| 1594 | 19923573 | The IL-6 and TNF-alpha assays with WB but not the assays with PBMCs distinguished between vaccines containing LPS from penta- and tetra-acylated strains. |
| 1595 | 19923573 | The IL-6 and TNF-alpha assays with WB but not the assays with PBMCs distinguished between vaccines containing LPS from penta- and tetra-acylated strains. |
| 1596 | 19906894 | The patient exhibited a decreased level of expression of Fc-gammaR in monocytes (CD16, CD32, and CD64), along with increased levels of NK T cells (an increased CD3(+) CD16(+/-) CD56(+/-)/CD3(+) ratio), activated T cells (CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells), and B lymphocytes. |
| 1597 | 19906894 | Enhanced levels of plasmatic cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-17, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) as well as an exacerbated ex vivo intracytoplasmic cytokine pattern, mainly observed within NK cells (gamma interferon positive [IFN-gamma(+)], tumor necrosis factor alpha positive [TNF-alpha(+)], and IL-4 positive [IL-4(+)]), CD8(+) T cells (IL-4(+) and IL-5(+)), and B lymphocytes (TNF-alpha(+), IL-4(+), and IL-10(+)). |
| 1598 | 19906894 | The analysis of CD4(+) T cells revealed a complex profile that consisted of an increased frequency of IL-12(+) and IFN-gamma(+) cells and a decreased percentage of TNF-alpha(+), IL-4(+), and IL-5(+) cells. |
| 1599 | 19882154 | A culture of isolated tumor-infiltrated CD11b cells in the presence of AZA and GM-CSF promoted their differentiation into mature F4/80/CD11c/MHC class II-positive APCs. |
| 1600 | 19882154 | These tumor-derived myeloid APCs produced substantially reduced amounts of immunosuppressive (IL-13, IL-10, PGE(2)), pro-angiogenic (VEGF, MMP-9) and pro-inflammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, MIP-2) mediators than their precursors, freshly isolated tumor-infiltrated CD11b cells. |
| 1601 | 19863224 | GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-8, IL-1b, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, MIP-1b, IP-10 and Eotaxin were analyzed in a multiplex assay with a Luminex 100 instrument. |
| 1602 | 19863224 | CEA and TIMP-1 were analysed on ELISA platforms. |
| 1603 | 19863224 | Patients achieving stable disease showed increasing levels of plasma GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-5. |
| 1604 | 19863224 | Patients with progressive disease showed significant increase in CEA and TIMP-1 levels, while patients with stable disease showed relatively unaltered levels. |
| 1605 | 19853910 | The effect of R1, R2 and R3 on the expression of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12) and the co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class II) in MDDCs was examined. |
| 1606 | 19853910 | The exposure of R1 caused a dose-dependent increase in the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-12, CD86 and CD40, while R2 and R3 did not up-regulate these cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules. |
| 1607 | 19853910 | Furthermore, we found that R1 significantly increased the NF-kappaB expression in the nucleus (in a dose-dependent manner) and promoted the degradation of total IkappaBalpha levels, indicating that the NF-kappaB signaling pathway might involve in an R1-induced DC activation. |
| 1608 | 19828771 | V. parvula LPS stimulated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 1609 | 19828771 | V. parvula LPS stimulated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 1610 | 19828771 | V. parvula LPS stimulated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 1611 | 19828771 | V. parvula LPS stimulated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 1612 | 19828771 | Pretreatment of cells with a TLR4 antagonist significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in PBMC stimulated with either Veillonella or Escherichia coli LPS. |
| 1613 | 19828771 | Pretreatment of cells with a TLR4 antagonist significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in PBMC stimulated with either Veillonella or Escherichia coli LPS. |
| 1614 | 19828771 | Pretreatment of cells with a TLR4 antagonist significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in PBMC stimulated with either Veillonella or Escherichia coli LPS. |
| 1615 | 19828771 | Pretreatment of cells with a TLR4 antagonist significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in PBMC stimulated with either Veillonella or Escherichia coli LPS. |
| 1616 | 19828771 | TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 were released in wild-type and TLR2(-/-), but not TLR4(-/-), mouse macrophage cultures. |
| 1617 | 19828771 | TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 were released in wild-type and TLR2(-/-), but not TLR4(-/-), mouse macrophage cultures. |
| 1618 | 19828771 | TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 were released in wild-type and TLR2(-/-), but not TLR4(-/-), mouse macrophage cultures. |
| 1619 | 19828771 | TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 were released in wild-type and TLR2(-/-), but not TLR4(-/-), mouse macrophage cultures. |
| 1620 | 19828771 | V. parvula LPS was able to activate the human PBMC p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). |
| 1621 | 19828771 | V. parvula LPS was able to activate the human PBMC p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). |
| 1622 | 19828771 | V. parvula LPS was able to activate the human PBMC p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). |
| 1623 | 19828771 | V. parvula LPS was able to activate the human PBMC p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). |
| 1624 | 19828771 | A specific p38 MAPK inhibitor strongly inhibited V. parvula LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10. |
| 1625 | 19828771 | A specific p38 MAPK inhibitor strongly inhibited V. parvula LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10. |
| 1626 | 19828771 | A specific p38 MAPK inhibitor strongly inhibited V. parvula LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10. |
| 1627 | 19828771 | A specific p38 MAPK inhibitor strongly inhibited V. parvula LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10. |
| 1628 | 19828771 | V. parvula LPS-stimulated cytokine induction, as well as p38 MAPK activation, are TLR4-dependent features. |
| 1629 | 19828771 | V. parvula LPS-stimulated cytokine induction, as well as p38 MAPK activation, are TLR4-dependent features. |
| 1630 | 19828771 | V. parvula LPS-stimulated cytokine induction, as well as p38 MAPK activation, are TLR4-dependent features. |
| 1631 | 19828771 | V. parvula LPS-stimulated cytokine induction, as well as p38 MAPK activation, are TLR4-dependent features. |
| 1632 | 19816561 | Investigation of the role of type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) in protection of mice from viscerotropic YFV infection revealed that mice deficient in the IFN-alpha/beta receptor (A129) or the STAT1 signaling molecule (STAT129) were highly susceptible to infection and disease, succumbing within 6-7 days. |
| 1633 | 19816561 | Rapid viremic dissemination and extensive replication in visceral organs, spleen and liver, was associated with severe pathologies in these tissues and dramatically elevated MCP-1 and IL-6 levels, suggestive of a cytokine storm. |
| 1634 | 19815665 | The immunomodulatory effect was evaluated via induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and IL-6 and acceleration of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). |
| 1635 | 19793902 | Mycoplasma genitalium-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins activate NF-kappaB through toll-like receptors 1, 2, and 6 and CD14 in a MyD88-dependent pathway. |
| 1636 | 19793902 | Mycoplasma genitalium-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins activate NF-kappaB through toll-like receptors 1, 2, and 6 and CD14 in a MyD88-dependent pathway. |
| 1637 | 19793902 | However, the interaction of M. genitalium-derived LAMPs as pathogenic agents with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the signaling pathways responsible for active inflammation and NF-kappaB activation have not been fully elucidated. |
| 1638 | 19793902 | However, the interaction of M. genitalium-derived LAMPs as pathogenic agents with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the signaling pathways responsible for active inflammation and NF-kappaB activation have not been fully elucidated. |
| 1639 | 19793902 | In this study, LAMPs induced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 1640 | 19793902 | In this study, LAMPs induced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 1641 | 19793902 | Blocking assays showed that TLR2- and CD14-neutralizing antibodies reduced the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in THP-1 cells. |
| 1642 | 19793902 | Blocking assays showed that TLR2- and CD14-neutralizing antibodies reduced the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in THP-1 cells. |
| 1643 | 19793902 | Furthermore, LAMP-induced NF-kappaB activation was increased in 293T cells transfected with TLR2 plasmid. |
| 1644 | 19793902 | Furthermore, LAMP-induced NF-kappaB activation was increased in 293T cells transfected with TLR2 plasmid. |
| 1645 | 19793902 | The activity of NF-kappaB was synergically augmented by cotransfected TLR1, TLR6, and CD14. |
| 1646 | 19793902 | The activity of NF-kappaB was synergically augmented by cotransfected TLR1, TLR6, and CD14. |
| 1647 | 19793902 | Additionally, LAMPs were shown to inhibit NF-kappaB expression by cotransfection with dominant-negative MyD88 and TLR2 plasmids. |
| 1648 | 19793902 | Additionally, LAMPs were shown to inhibit NF-kappaB expression by cotransfection with dominant-negative MyD88 and TLR2 plasmids. |
| 1649 | 19793902 | These results suggest that M. genitalium-derived LAMPs activate NF-kappaB via TLR1, TLR2, TLR6, and CD14 in a MyD88-dependent pathway. |
| 1650 | 19793902 | These results suggest that M. genitalium-derived LAMPs activate NF-kappaB via TLR1, TLR2, TLR6, and CD14 in a MyD88-dependent pathway. |
| 1651 | 19788175 | Conjugation to OVA does not compromise the ability of EP67 to engage C5a receptor bearing antigen presenting cells (APC) as measured by the EP67-mediated release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from APCs. |
| 1652 | 19772942 | In vitro, CoVaccineHT upregulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules both on mouse and human dendritic cells and induced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and IL-12p70 in mouse- and IL-6 in human dendritic cells. |
| 1653 | 19767842 | The analysis of the inoculation site and draining lymph nodes of the IL-6-/- mice revealed a constitutive reduction in lymphocyte numbers, particularly CD4+ T cells. |
| 1654 | 19767842 | Live vaccination resulted in the specific expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the knockout mice, and in a decrease of CD4+ IFN-gamma -producing cells. |
| 1655 | 19748578 | Liposome-encapsulated HIV-1 Gag p24 containing lipid A induces effector CD4+ T-cells, memory CD8+ T-cells, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. |
| 1656 | 19748578 | In this study, we demonstrate that following the third immunization with HIV-1 Gag p24 encapsulated in liposomes containing lipid A [L(p24+LA)], central memory CD8+ T-cells were localized in the spleen and lymph nodes of mice while effector memory CD8+ T-cells and effector CD4+ T-cells were found in the PBMC. |
| 1657 | 19748578 | In contrast, IL-6 and IL-10 were the major cytokines produced from PBMC. |
| 1658 | 19748578 | The results demonstrate the importance of the adjuvant liposomal lipid A for the induction of HIV-1 Gag p24 -specific CD8+ T-cells, effector CD4+ T-cells, and cytokines with a Th-1 type profile after immunization with L(p24+LA). |
| 1659 | 19733586 | In the immediate response and tuberculin response, BCG-vaccinated fish showed higher gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma and TNFalpha. |
| 1660 | 19727134 | Dendritic cells (DC) engineered in vitro by DNA encoding OVAhsp70 and IL-15 up-regulated their expressions of CD80, CD86, CCR7 and IL-15Ralpha and promoted their productions of IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha. |
| 1661 | 19696891 | Vibrio cholerae proteome-wide screen for immunostimulatory proteins identifies phosphatidylserine decarboxylase as a novel Toll-like receptor 4 agonist. |
| 1662 | 19696891 | Vibrio cholerae proteome-wide screen for immunostimulatory proteins identifies phosphatidylserine decarboxylase as a novel Toll-like receptor 4 agonist. |
| 1663 | 19696891 | PSD in concentrations as low as 100 ng/ml stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells and primary peritoneal macrophage cells to secrete TNFalpha and IL-6, respectively. |
| 1664 | 19696891 | PSD in concentrations as low as 100 ng/ml stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells and primary peritoneal macrophage cells to secrete TNFalpha and IL-6, respectively. |
| 1665 | 19696891 | Moreover, no detectable IL-6 was produced in TLR4-deficient mouse macrophages by PSD. |
| 1666 | 19696891 | Moreover, no detectable IL-6 was produced in TLR4-deficient mouse macrophages by PSD. |
| 1667 | 19696891 | Anti-BSA response was decreased in TLR4-deficient mice immunized with BSA in combination with PSD, further proving the role of TLR4 in PSD signaling in vivo. |
| 1668 | 19696891 | Anti-BSA response was decreased in TLR4-deficient mice immunized with BSA in combination with PSD, further proving the role of TLR4 in PSD signaling in vivo. |
| 1669 | 19668260 | Addition of ADA to the co-cultures resulted in enhanced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell proliferation and robust ADA-induced increase in cytokine production (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-6). |
| 1670 | 19668260 | Addition of ADA to the co-cultures resulted in enhanced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell proliferation and robust ADA-induced increase in cytokine production (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-6). |
| 1671 | 19668260 | As IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-6 promote the Th1 versus Th2 phenotype and improve T helper proliferation responses and antigen-specific CTL responses ADA may be considered a promising candidate for therapeutic vaccine adjuvant. |
| 1672 | 19668260 | As IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-6 promote the Th1 versus Th2 phenotype and improve T helper proliferation responses and antigen-specific CTL responses ADA may be considered a promising candidate for therapeutic vaccine adjuvant. |
| 1673 | 19665607 | The neutralization antibody, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-6 (IL-6), and virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) levels, as well as survival rates, were analyzed and compared with inactivated vaccine and DCs control groups. |
| 1674 | 19665607 | The results demonstrated that intravenous (i.v.) injection of 2 x 10(5) JEV-pulsed bmDCs into each mouse produced notable levels of JEV-specific neutralizing antibodies and higher levels of CD8+ CTL, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha compared with JEV-inactivated vaccine. |
| 1675 | 19635913 | This response to CpG treatment manifested 8-12 h and was mediated by a rare population of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (CD19(+) pDC) induced to express the immunosuppressive enzyme IDO after TLR9 ligation. |
| 1676 | 19635913 | When IDO was blocked, CpG treatment did not activate Tregs, but instead stimulated pDCs to uniformly express the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, which in turn reprogrammed Foxp3-lineage Tregs to express IL-17. |
| 1677 | 19620345 | The protection was correlated mainly with a low level of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and with high levels of PA-specific immunoglobulin G1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. |
| 1678 | 19609238 | Maturation pathways of dendritic cells determine TAP1 and TAP2 levels and cross-presenting function. |
| 1679 | 19609238 | Here, we compare DC matured with 3 clinically relevant cytokine combinations including interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6 (termed DC-0), DC-0 cells incubated with prostaglandin-2 (termed DC-0+prostaglandin-2), or DC treated with interferon-gamma, interferon-alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Poly I:C, and IL1-beta (termed DC-1). |
| 1680 | 19609238 | TA cross presentation and CTL priming were strongly correlated with level of expression of the antigen processing machinery components, TAP1 and TAP2, indicating that these components could be used as biomarkers to standardize DC preparations for optimal function. |
| 1681 | 19609238 | However, the up-regulation of TAP1/TAP2 was not sufficient to explain the enhanced cross-presentation ability of DC-1 cells, as the use of IFN-gamma alone to up-regulate TAP1/TAP2 did not generate DC as effective at cross-presentation as the full DC-1 maturation cytokine combination. |
| 1682 | 19576941 | Her intermittent fever and increased serum levels of CRP and IL-6, however, have been sustained for more than 2 years, and this prolonged active clinical course therefore differed from her previous JIA active stage.This abrupt relapse only five days after vaccination was suggested not to be directly related with rubella infection, but instead to be related with the molecular mimicry between rubella and JIA. |
| 1683 | 19553556 | Intracellular infections enhance interleukin-6 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 production by cocultivated human adipocytes and THP-1 monocytes. |
| 1684 | 19553556 | Intracellular infections enhance interleukin-6 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 production by cocultivated human adipocytes and THP-1 monocytes. |
| 1685 | 19553556 | Intracellular infections enhance interleukin-6 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 production by cocultivated human adipocytes and THP-1 monocytes. |
| 1686 | 19553556 | Intracellular infections enhance interleukin-6 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 production by cocultivated human adipocytes and THP-1 monocytes. |
| 1687 | 19553556 | After 48 h, transinfection was evaluated and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were measured. |
| 1688 | 19553556 | After 48 h, transinfection was evaluated and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were measured. |
| 1689 | 19553556 | After 48 h, transinfection was evaluated and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were measured. |
| 1690 | 19553556 | After 48 h, transinfection was evaluated and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were measured. |
| 1691 | 19553556 | Infection of cocultivated human adipocytes and THP-1 monocytes with CMV or influenza A virus led to increased production of IL-6 and PAI-1. |
| 1692 | 19553556 | Infection of cocultivated human adipocytes and THP-1 monocytes with CMV or influenza A virus led to increased production of IL-6 and PAI-1. |
| 1693 | 19553556 | Infection of cocultivated human adipocytes and THP-1 monocytes with CMV or influenza A virus led to increased production of IL-6 and PAI-1. |
| 1694 | 19553556 | Infection of cocultivated human adipocytes and THP-1 monocytes with CMV or influenza A virus led to increased production of IL-6 and PAI-1. |
| 1695 | 19553556 | Thus, infection of adipose tissue evokes an inflammatory response, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction and subsequent overproduction of IL-6 and PAI-1. |
| 1696 | 19553556 | Thus, infection of adipose tissue evokes an inflammatory response, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction and subsequent overproduction of IL-6 and PAI-1. |
| 1697 | 19553556 | Thus, infection of adipose tissue evokes an inflammatory response, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction and subsequent overproduction of IL-6 and PAI-1. |
| 1698 | 19553556 | Thus, infection of adipose tissue evokes an inflammatory response, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction and subsequent overproduction of IL-6 and PAI-1. |
| 1699 | 19540885 | The Th1 (TNF-alpha, IL-12p70, IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-10, IL-6) cytokine profiles were analyzed after stimulation of spleen cells from mice immunized with purified RF-412 protein. |
| 1700 | 19540594 | Requirement of TLR4 and CD14 in dendritic cell activation by Hemagglutinin B from Porphyromonas gingivalis. |
| 1701 | 19540594 | Requirement of TLR4 and CD14 in dendritic cell activation by Hemagglutinin B from Porphyromonas gingivalis. |
| 1702 | 19540594 | Using an endotoxin free rHagB preparation, our results show that stimulation of murine bone marrow-derived DC with rHagB leads to upregulation of the costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40, activation of p38 and ERK MAP kinases, transcription factors NF-kappaB, CREB and IRF-3 and the production of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-12p40 and to a lesser extent IL-10 and IFN-beta. |
| 1703 | 19540594 | Using an endotoxin free rHagB preparation, our results show that stimulation of murine bone marrow-derived DC with rHagB leads to upregulation of the costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40, activation of p38 and ERK MAP kinases, transcription factors NF-kappaB, CREB and IRF-3 and the production of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-12p40 and to a lesser extent IL-10 and IFN-beta. |
| 1704 | 19540594 | This activation process was absolutely dependent on TLR4 and CD14. |
| 1705 | 19540594 | This activation process was absolutely dependent on TLR4 and CD14. |
| 1706 | 19540594 | While upregulation of CD86 was independent of the adaptor molecule MyD88, CD40 upregulation and optimal cytokine (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-12p40, IL-10 and IFN-beta) production required both MyD88 and TRIF molecules. |
| 1707 | 19540594 | While upregulation of CD86 was independent of the adaptor molecule MyD88, CD40 upregulation and optimal cytokine (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-12p40, IL-10 and IFN-beta) production required both MyD88 and TRIF molecules. |
| 1708 | 19539989 | To assess the immune response, cell surface markers including MHC II, CD86, CD40, and CD209 and cytokines including IL-6, IL-12p40, and IL-10 were measured. |
| 1709 | 19494321 | Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) possess an immune plasticity manifested by either an immunosuppressive or, when activated with IFN-gamma, an APC phenotype. |
| 1710 | 19494321 | We observed that human MSC and macrophages expressed TLR3 and TLR4 at comparable levels and TLR-mediated activation of MSC resulted in the production of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, and CCL5. |
| 1711 | 19494321 | IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma priming up-regulated production of these inflammatory mediators and expression of IFNB, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and TRAIL upon TLR activation in MSC and macrophages, but failed to induce IL-12 and TNF-alpha production in MSC. |
| 1712 | 19494321 | In addition, IFN priming combined with TLR activation may increase immune responses induced by Ag-presenting MSC through presentation of Ag in an inflammatory context, a mechanism that could be applied in a cell-based vaccine. |
| 1713 | 19467927 | Although dendritic cells readily upregulated maturation and activation markers in response to K88 stimulation, accompanied by secretion of interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor, restimulation of T cells from mice having received EcN-K88 with K88-loaded dendritic cells did not result in detectable T cell proliferation and IL-2 secretion, but rather induced an IL-10 bias. |
| 1714 | 19428835 | In order to obtain full functional capacity, these DCs need to be maturated, and the current "gold standard" for this process is maturation with TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and PGE(2) used for generating standard DCs (sDC). |
| 1715 | 19428835 | We observed that maturation by IFN-alpha differs from sDC maturation: The major phenotypic change after IFN-alpha maturation was dose-dependent up-regulation of CD38 but not CD83, while sDCs expressed the opposite profile with low CD38 and high CD83 expression. |
| 1716 | 19428835 | Similarly, maturation by Poly I:C leads to CD38high, CD83low DCs indicating a functional relationship between CD38, IFN-alpha and TLR3. |
| 1717 | 19428835 | Thus, CD38 appear to be a relevant marker for activation by TLR3 or IFN-alpha. |
| 1718 | 19428835 | Addition of IFN-alpha to the sDC cocktail results in up-regulation of both CD38 and CD83 and improved capacity for induction of autologous T-cell responses despite few other changes in DC phenotype and cytokine secretion. |
| 1719 | 19428835 | Our observations suggest that IFN-alpha could be included in maturation protocols for clinical grade DCs used for immunotherapy against cancer and should be included if DCs are used for CD8+ T-cell stimulation in vitro. |
| 1720 | 19428830 | In vitro, the adjuvant combination of CpG ODN, indolicidin and polyphosphazene (CpG/indol/PP) enhanced the secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-12p40, and IL-6 by bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) when compared to the individual components. |
| 1721 | 19399172 | Indirect recruitment of a CD40 signaling pathway in dendritic cells by B7-DC cross-linking antibody modulates T cell functions. |
| 1722 | 19399172 | One such phenotype, the B7-DC XAb-induced antigen accumulation in mTLR-matured DCs, has been linked to signaling through TREM-2, but the signals required for other DC phenotypes critical for the therapeutic effects in animal models remain unclear. |
| 1723 | 19399172 | Here, FRET and co-immunoprecipitation studies show that CD40 is recruited to the multi-molecular complex by B7-DC XAb. |
| 1724 | 19399172 | Signals emanating from CD40 are important, as CD40(-/-) DCs treated with B7-DC XAb (DC(XAb)) activated DAP12, but failed to activate NFkappaB, and were not protected from cell death upon cytokine withdrawal or treatment with Vitamin D(3). |
| 1725 | 19399172 | CD40(-/-) DC(XAb) also failed to secrete IL-6 and were unable to support the conversion of T regulatory cells into IL-17+ effector T cells in vitro. |
| 1726 | 19399172 | Importantly, the expression of CD40 was required for the overall ability of B7-DC XAb to induce anti-tumor CTL, to provide protection from a number of tumor types, and for DC(XAb) to be effective anti-tumor vaccines in vivo. |
| 1727 | 19309560 | F1, V, and F1-V proteins engaged TLR2 signalling and activated IL-6 and CXCL-8 production by monocytes, without affecting the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-12, IL-10, IL-1beta, and CXCL10. |
| 1728 | 19307995 | In vitro analysis confirmed that OK-DC were mature, secreted tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12, and stimulated both T cell and natural killer cell function. |
| 1729 | 19303121 | Using real-time PCR quantification assay, expression of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p40, IFNgamma); Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) and inflammatory (IL-6, TNFalpha) cytokines were quantified weekly for the entire three-week duration of the experiment. |
| 1730 | 19303121 | Using real-time PCR quantification assay, expression of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p40, IFNgamma); Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) and inflammatory (IL-6, TNFalpha) cytokines were quantified weekly for the entire three-week duration of the experiment. |
| 1731 | 19303121 | It was noted that IFNgamma, IL-10 and TNFalpha had peaked on week three post-vaccination while the remaining cytokines peaked on the second week and decreased by the third week. |
| 1732 | 19303121 | It was noted that IFNgamma, IL-10 and TNFalpha had peaked on week three post-vaccination while the remaining cytokines peaked on the second week and decreased by the third week. |
| 1733 | 19303121 | The counteraction between IFNgamma and IL-4 was noted as well as the possible suppressive action of IL-10 to that of IL-2 and IL-12, which is a common phenomenon between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. |
| 1734 | 19303121 | The counteraction between IFNgamma and IL-4 was noted as well as the possible suppressive action of IL-10 to that of IL-2 and IL-12, which is a common phenomenon between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. |
| 1735 | 19303121 | Synergy between TNFa and IL-6 was also observed. |
| 1736 | 19303121 | Synergy between TNFa and IL-6 was also observed. |
| 1737 | 19297492 | The mRNAs for CXCL10 (IP-10) and CXCL11 (I-TAC) were abundant in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymph nodes from infected animals, but plasma interleukin-6 was detected only in fatalities. |
| 1738 | 19278729 | Peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), lipoprotein (LP), and DNA were also isolated from the bacteria, and used to stimulate BM-DCs. |
| 1739 | 19278729 | Peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), lipoprotein (LP), and DNA were also isolated from the bacteria, and used to stimulate BM-DCs. |
| 1740 | 19278729 | Stimulation with TNF, S. gordonii, PGN, LTA, or LP all resulted in increased surface expression of MHCII, CD80, and CD86, compared to unstimulated BM-DCs. |
| 1741 | 19278729 | Stimulation with TNF, S. gordonii, PGN, LTA, or LP all resulted in increased surface expression of MHCII, CD80, and CD86, compared to unstimulated BM-DCs. |
| 1742 | 19278729 | Stimulation with S. gordonii elicited IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70 production from the BM-DCs, while stimulation with the bacterial components induced some or all of the three cytokines. |
| 1743 | 19278729 | Stimulation with S. gordonii elicited IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70 production from the BM-DCs, while stimulation with the bacterial components induced some or all of the three cytokines. |
| 1744 | 19278729 | When BM-DCs were simultaneously stimulated with S. gordonii and TNF, a marginal increase in surface marker upregulation was observed, and the two stimuli synergized to elicit substantially greater quantities of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70. |
| 1745 | 19278729 | When BM-DCs were simultaneously stimulated with S. gordonii and TNF, a marginal increase in surface marker upregulation was observed, and the two stimuli synergized to elicit substantially greater quantities of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70. |
| 1746 | 19278729 | The effect of TNF was abolished when BM-DCs were obtained from mice deficient for either TNFR1 or TNFR2, and cytokine induction by S. gordonii was entirely dependent on functional MyD88. |
| 1747 | 19278729 | The effect of TNF was abolished when BM-DCs were obtained from mice deficient for either TNFR1 or TNFR2, and cytokine induction by S. gordonii was entirely dependent on functional MyD88. |
| 1748 | 19278729 | Synergistic IL-10 induction by S. gordonii and TNF was not observed in TLR-2(-/-) BM-DCs, and TNF was found to cause TLR-2 upregulation, providing at least a partial mechanism for the observed synergy. |
| 1749 | 19278729 | Synergistic IL-10 induction by S. gordonii and TNF was not observed in TLR-2(-/-) BM-DCs, and TNF was found to cause TLR-2 upregulation, providing at least a partial mechanism for the observed synergy. |
| 1750 | 19273561 | These two beta-glucans failed to stimulate TNF-alpha in Dectin-1 (beta-glucan receptor) knockout BMDCs. |
| 1751 | 19273561 | The upregulation of TNF-alpha and downregulation of IL-12p70 required Dectin-1, but not IL-10. |
| 1752 | 19273561 | Finally, costimulation of BMDCs with YGPs and either the TLR9 ligand, CpG, or the TLR2/1 ligand, Pam(3)CSK(4), resulted in upregulated secretion of IL-1alpha and IL-10 and downregulated secretion of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 but had no significant effects on IL-12p40, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, or macrophage inflammatory protein alpha, compared with the TLR ligand alone. |
| 1753 | 19272649 | Transcription of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) and interleukin-6 (il6) genes, two cytokines directly related to TLR9 induction with unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), was solely observed in head kidney and spleen of the fish immunised with pAE6-G. |
| 1754 | 19272649 | Transcription of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) and interleukin-6 (il6) genes, two cytokines directly related to TLR9 induction with unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), was solely observed in head kidney and spleen of the fish immunised with pAE6-G. |
| 1755 | 19272649 | Thus, the glycoprotein G of VHSV could be more implicated in triggering the pathways for TNF-alpha and IL6 production than the recognition of the unmethylated CpG motifs of the plasmid backbone by OmTLR9. |
| 1756 | 19272649 | Thus, the glycoprotein G of VHSV could be more implicated in triggering the pathways for TNF-alpha and IL6 production than the recognition of the unmethylated CpG motifs of the plasmid backbone by OmTLR9. |
| 1757 | 19209886 | Of these, eight immunoreactive proteins represented homologues of the known mycobacterial antigens, namely heat shock protein GroEL, antigen 85A, elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), L-asparaginase, polyketide synthase, PE-PGRS, PPE, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). |
| 1758 | 19209886 | The secretome eluate caused up-regulation of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-18 and down-regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, implying a potential of the secreted antigens to cause host immune response underlying the M. immunogenum-induced lung disease HP. |
| 1759 | 19201852 | In response to TLR7/8 stimulation, PDCs mediated the up-regulation of transcription factors B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 and X-box binding protein 1 and enhanced differentiation of B cells into IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-producing cells. |
| 1760 | 19201852 | Although MDCs expressed higher levels of the known B cell growth factors IL-6, IL-10, and B cell-activating factor in response to TLR7/8 stimulation, they were unable to enhance B cell responses in this system. |
| 1761 | 19201852 | These data help decipher the different roles of PDCs and MDCs for modulating human B cell responses and can contribute to selection of specific TLR ligands as vaccine adjuvants. |
| 1762 | 19188599 | Antigen-specific responses from protected monkeys receiving BCG and Mtb72F/AS02A had a distinctive cytokine profile characterized by an increased ratio between 3 Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma, TNF, and IL-2 and an innate cytokine, IL-6. |
| 1763 | 19168741 | Macrophages from neonatal and infant mice stimulated with killed pneumococci in vitro showed significantly reduced cytokine production, including that of KC, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and gamma interferon, whereas IL-10 expression was significantly increased compared to that in macrophages from adult mice. |
| 1764 | 19168741 | IL-17A production from adult immune CD4(+) T cells was significantly delayed when neonatal macrophages instead of adult macrophages were used as antigen-presenting cells. |
| 1765 | 19124765 | Typhi(F1) enhanced the activation and maturation of neonatal CD11c+ dendritic cells, shown by increased expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II cell surface markers and production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-12, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and MCP-1. |
| 1766 | 19124765 | Typhi(F1)-stimulated neonatal DC had improved capacity for Ag presentation and T cell stimulation in vitro and induced F1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses when adoptively transferred to newborn mice. |
| 1767 | 19124729 | A20 down-regulated DCs showed higher activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and activator protein-1, which resulted in increased and sustained production of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70. |
| 1768 | 19124729 | We further demonstrated that A20 down-regulated DCs skew naive CD4+ T cells toward IFN-gamma producing Th1 cells, a process which is dependent on IL-12p70 and which is unaffected by IL-10. |
| 1769 | 19124729 | Furthermore, A20 and/or IL-10 down-regulated DCs had an enhanced capacity to prime Melan-A/MART-1 specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 1770 | 19124729 | Finally, we demonstrated that potent T cell stimulatory DCs are generated by the simultaneous delivery of poly(I:C12U), A20, or A20/IL-10 small interfering RNA and Ag-encoding mRNA, introducing a one step approach to improve DC-based vaccines. |
| 1771 | 19124729 | Together these findings demonstrate that A20 negatively regulates NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 in DCs and that down-regulation of A20 results in DCs with enhanced T cell stimulatory capacity. |
| 1772 | 19109391 | There was a significant increase in Stat3- and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent transcription in Stat1(-/-) mice, implicating the Stat3 and IL-6 pathways in the observed ocular pathology. |
| 1773 | 19109391 | Further, infected Stat1(-/-) mice showed phosphorylated Stat3 in the corneal epithelium. |
| 1774 | 19091796 | However, serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17, cytokines that regulate the antibacterial Th17 response, were significantly and negatively associated with stores, as was production of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 by whole-blood cultures stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. |
| 1775 | 19091796 | However, serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17, cytokines that regulate the antibacterial Th17 response, were significantly and negatively associated with stores, as was production of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 by whole-blood cultures stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. |
| 1776 | 19091796 | The negative association of stores with serum IL-6 and IL-17 suggests that not all protective responses are similarly enhanced by vitamin A. |
| 1777 | 19091796 | The negative association of stores with serum IL-6 and IL-17 suggests that not all protective responses are similarly enhanced by vitamin A. |
| 1778 | 19056444 | Results showed that although the basal production of IFN-gamma and IL-6 was impaired (P<0.05) in PBMCs of neonatal foals at birth, the basal production of IL-8, IL-12(p35/p40) and IL-23(p19/p40) were either in excess of or comparable to that of older foals. |
| 1779 | 19056444 | Results showed that although the basal production of IFN-gamma and IL-6 was impaired (P<0.05) in PBMCs of neonatal foals at birth, the basal production of IL-8, IL-12(p35/p40) and IL-23(p19/p40) were either in excess of or comparable to that of older foals. |
| 1780 | 19056444 | In response to Rhodococcus equi and CpG-ODN stimulation in vitro, PBMCs of neonatal foals showed increased (P<0.05) expression of IFN-gamma and IL-6, and preferentially increased expression of either IL-23(p19/p40) with R. equi stimulation or IL-12(p35/p40) with CpG-ODN stimulation. |
| 1781 | 19056444 | In response to Rhodococcus equi and CpG-ODN stimulation in vitro, PBMCs of neonatal foals showed increased (P<0.05) expression of IFN-gamma and IL-6, and preferentially increased expression of either IL-23(p19/p40) with R. equi stimulation or IL-12(p35/p40) with CpG-ODN stimulation. |
| 1782 | 19027810 | To evaluate cytokines levels (TNFalpha, IFNgamma, IL6, IL10) we used real-time PCR. |
| 1783 | 19027322 | Peripheral blood samples were measured by ELISA for plasma levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IFN-alpha. |
| 1784 | 19027322 | The pattern of production of IFN-gamma was opposite to that of TNF-alpha, but statistical significance was stronger in patients receiving ATT and Dzherelo+Anemin than in Dzherelo group: -34% (P=0.004), +31.9% (P=0.008), and +17.3% (P=0.33), respectively. |
| 1785 | 19006832 | Serum concentrations of cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8) and antibody levels to influenza virus antigens were studied in adults vaccinated with split-vaccine against influenza. |
| 1786 | 19006832 | Serum concentrations of cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8) and antibody levels to influenza virus antigens were studied in adults vaccinated with split-vaccine against influenza. |
| 1787 | 19006832 | Serum concentrations of cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8) and antibody levels to influenza virus antigens were studied in adults vaccinated with split-vaccine against influenza. |
| 1788 | 19006832 | Study of cytokine profile showed absence of significant changes of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 levels and considerable variability of IL-6 and IL-8 baseline levels as well as their dynamics after vaccination. |
| 1789 | 19006832 | Study of cytokine profile showed absence of significant changes of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 levels and considerable variability of IL-6 and IL-8 baseline levels as well as their dynamics after vaccination. |
| 1790 | 19006832 | Study of cytokine profile showed absence of significant changes of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 levels and considerable variability of IL-6 and IL-8 baseline levels as well as their dynamics after vaccination. |
| 1791 | 19006832 | Direct correlation between IL-6 and IL-8 levels was observed during whole period post-immunization. |
| 1792 | 19006832 | Direct correlation between IL-6 and IL-8 levels was observed during whole period post-immunization. |
| 1793 | 19006832 | Direct correlation between IL-6 and IL-8 levels was observed during whole period post-immunization. |
| 1794 | 18977270 | Our data show that all three proteins activate and mature DCs, induce secretion of cytokines IL-12p70, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IL-6 from DCs, and rVV protein-loaded DCs induce secretion of IFN-gamma and proliferation of T cells with selective expansion of effector memory T cells. |
| 1795 | 18974619 | We have developed a novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccine ; a combination of the DNA vaccines expressing mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (HSP65) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) delivered by the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome or-envelope (HSP65+IL-12/HVJ). |
| 1796 | 18974619 | The Elispot assay showed that HSP65+IL-12 DNA/ HVJ vaccine induced a greater number of IFN-gamma producing T cells than BCG in the mouse model. |
| 1797 | 18974619 | This novel vaccine provided a higher level of the protective efficacy than BCG based upon the assessment of mortality, the ESR, body weight, chest X-ray findings and immune responses (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-6 production , and lymphocyte proliferation of cynomolgus monkey). |
| 1798 | 18974619 | The combination of HSP65+IL-12/HVJ and BCG by the priming-booster method showed a synergistic effect in the TB-infected cynomolgus monkey (100% survival). |
| 1799 | 18971305 | Influence of interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-4, and IL-6 polymorphisms on genetic susceptibility to chronic osteomyelitis. |
| 1800 | 18971305 | Influence of interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-4, and IL-6 polymorphisms on genetic susceptibility to chronic osteomyelitis. |
| 1801 | 18971305 | Significant genotypic and allelic associations were observed between interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) -889-C/T, IL-4 -1098-G/T and -590-C/T, and IL-6 -174-G/C polymorphisms and osteomyelitis in the Greek population, pointing towards their potential involvement in osteomyelitis pathogenesis. |
| 1802 | 18971305 | Significant genotypic and allelic associations were observed between interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) -889-C/T, IL-4 -1098-G/T and -590-C/T, and IL-6 -174-G/C polymorphisms and osteomyelitis in the Greek population, pointing towards their potential involvement in osteomyelitis pathogenesis. |
| 1803 | 18827187 | The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-2) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), in addition to those of IL-6, were assessed on days 1, 3, and 5 postinfection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the ratios of proinflammatory cytokines to anti-inflammatory cytokines were calculated. |
| 1804 | 18819411 | Influence of immunomodulator of bacterial origin - purified staphylococcal toxoid (PST) - on the synthesisof proinlammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IFN-gamma) and anti-inflammatory (IL- 10) cytokines, as well as cytokines directing the immune response to Th1 (IL-12) or Th2 (IL-4) type was studied in mice. |
| 1805 | 18819411 | Influence of immunomodulator of bacterial origin - purified staphylococcal toxoid (PST) - on the synthesisof proinlammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IFN-gamma) and anti-inflammatory (IL- 10) cytokines, as well as cytokines directing the immune response to Th1 (IL-12) or Th2 (IL-4) type was studied in mice. |
| 1806 | 18819411 | Synthesis of several serum interleukins (IL-2, IL-10) did not changed 4 and 24 hours after inoculation irrespective from dose of PST. |
| 1807 | 18819411 | Synthesis of several serum interleukins (IL-2, IL-10) did not changed 4 and 24 hours after inoculation irrespective from dose of PST. |
| 1808 | 18819411 | For example, increase of number of cells secreting antibodies to sheep erythrocytes was registered both during increased synthesis of cytokines (4 hours, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12) and during period of its depression (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma), as well as during stable production of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma). |
| 1809 | 18819411 | For example, increase of number of cells secreting antibodies to sheep erythrocytes was registered both during increased synthesis of cytokines (4 hours, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12) and during period of its depression (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma), as well as during stable production of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma). |
| 1810 | 18779742 | Twenty-seven patients with progressive cytokine-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma were vaccinated with DCs loaded with either a cocktail of survivin and telomerase peptides or tumor lysate depending on their HLA-A2 haplotype, and low-dose IL-2 was administered concomitantly. |
| 1811 | 18779742 | Twenty-seven patients with progressive cytokine-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma were vaccinated with DCs loaded with either a cocktail of survivin and telomerase peptides or tumor lysate depending on their HLA-A2 haplotype, and low-dose IL-2 was administered concomitantly. |
| 1812 | 18779742 | Tumor response, immune response, and serum IL-6 and YKL-40 were measured during treatment. |
| 1813 | 18779742 | Tumor response, immune response, and serum IL-6 and YKL-40 were measured during treatment. |
| 1814 | 18779742 | Furthermore, significant alterations in serum YKL-40 and IL-6 were found during treatment. |
| 1815 | 18779742 | Furthermore, significant alterations in serum YKL-40 and IL-6 were found during treatment. |
| 1816 | 18761033 | Inhibition was not reversed by treatment with IL-2 and IL-6 treatment. |
| 1817 | 18708593 | DnaK induced the activation of MAPKs and NF-kappaB in DC and the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 p40, as well as low levels of IL-10. |
| 1818 | 18708593 | DnaK induced phenotypic maturation of DC, as demonstrated by an up-regulation of costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86. |
| 1819 | 18708593 | DnaK stimulated DC through TLR4 and the adapters MyD88 and Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) that mediated differential responses. |
| 1820 | 18708593 | DnaK induced activation of MAPKs and NF-kappaB in a MyD88- or TRIF-dependent manner. |
| 1821 | 18708593 | In contrast, DnaK induced DC maturation in a TRIF-dependent, MyD88-independent manner. |
| 1822 | 18684965 | Vaccination without autoantigen protects against collagen II-induced arthritis via immune deviation and regulatory T cells. |
| 1823 | 18684965 | A Salmonella vector expressing colonization factor Ag I (CFA/I), shown to behave as an anti-inflammatory vaccine, stimulates the production of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and regulatory cytokines. |
| 1824 | 18684965 | In this work, we queried whether Salmonella-CFA/I can protect DBA/1 mice from collagen-induced arthritis. |
| 1825 | 18684965 | Clinical findings were accompanied by the suppression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-27. |
| 1826 | 18684965 | Vaccination evoked a multi-tier response consisting of IL-4 producing Th2 cells, an increased production of TGF-beta by CD4(+) T cells, and suppression of collagen II-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation. |
| 1827 | 18684965 | To assess the contribution of Salmonella-CFA/I-primed CD4(+) T cells, adoptive transfer studies with total CD4(+), CD4(+)CD25(-), or CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were performed 15 days postchallenge. |
| 1828 | 18684965 | Mice receiving either subset showed reduced disease incidence and low clinical scores; however, mice receiving total CD4(+) T cells showed delayed disease onset by 10 days with reduced clinical scores, reduced IL-17 and IL-27, but enhanced IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-beta. |
| 1829 | 18684965 | Inhibition of TGF-beta or IL-4 compromised protective immunity. |
| 1830 | 18684965 | These data show that Salmonella-CFA/I vaccination of DBA/1 mice protects against collagen-induced arthritis by stimulating TGF-beta- and IL-4-producing regulatory CD4(+) T cells. |
| 1831 | 18683503 | Ex vivo production of interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 by mouse macrophages during infection with M. bovis and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. |
| 1832 | 18683503 | Ex vivo production of interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 by mouse macrophages during infection with M. bovis and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. |
| 1833 | 18683503 | Ex vivo production of interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 by mouse macrophages during infection with M. bovis and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. |
| 1834 | 18683503 | Ex vivo production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 by mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied during successive infection with the vaccine strain M. bovis BCG and virulent strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv. |
| 1835 | 18683503 | Ex vivo production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 by mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied during successive infection with the vaccine strain M. bovis BCG and virulent strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv. |
| 1836 | 18683503 | Ex vivo production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 by mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied during successive infection with the vaccine strain M. bovis BCG and virulent strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv. |
| 1837 | 18683503 | The increase in the concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6 did not depend on the sequence of macrophage infection with the vaccine or virulent strain, but was related to the presence of the vaccine strain M. bovis BCG in the medium. |
| 1838 | 18683503 | The increase in the concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6 did not depend on the sequence of macrophage infection with the vaccine or virulent strain, but was related to the presence of the vaccine strain M. bovis BCG in the medium. |
| 1839 | 18683503 | The increase in the concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6 did not depend on the sequence of macrophage infection with the vaccine or virulent strain, but was related to the presence of the vaccine strain M. bovis BCG in the medium. |
| 1840 | 18653385 | The effect of beta-interferon therapy on myelin basic protein-elicited CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production in multiple sclerosis. |
| 1841 | 18653385 | The effect of beta-interferon therapy on myelin basic protein-elicited CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production in multiple sclerosis. |
| 1842 | 18653385 | We analysed the CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine responses elicited by myelin basic protein (MBP) and a foreign recall antigen, tetanus toxoid (TT), in mononuclear cell cultures from fourteen MS patients undergoing IFN-beta therapy. |
| 1843 | 18653385 | We analysed the CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine responses elicited by myelin basic protein (MBP) and a foreign recall antigen, tetanus toxoid (TT), in mononuclear cell cultures from fourteen MS patients undergoing IFN-beta therapy. |
| 1844 | 18653385 | The MBP-elicited IFN-gamma-, TNF-alpha- and IL-10 production decreased during therapy (p<0.007-0.03), while the IL-6 production increased (p<0.03). |
| 1845 | 18653385 | The MBP-elicited IFN-gamma-, TNF-alpha- and IL-10 production decreased during therapy (p<0.007-0.03), while the IL-6 production increased (p<0.03). |
| 1846 | 18653385 | No significant change was observed in the MBP-induced CD4+ T cell proliferation, or in the production of IL-4, IL-5 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. |
| 1847 | 18653385 | No significant change was observed in the MBP-induced CD4+ T cell proliferation, or in the production of IL-4, IL-5 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. |
| 1848 | 18653385 | In comparison, IFN-beta therapy reduced IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses to TT (p<0.003 and p<0.04). |
| 1849 | 18653385 | In comparison, IFN-beta therapy reduced IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses to TT (p<0.003 and p<0.04). |
| 1850 | 18653385 | Thus, IFN-beta inhibits IFN-gamma production in general, presumably alleviating the detrimental influence of IFN-gamma in MS. |
| 1851 | 18653385 | Thus, IFN-beta inhibits IFN-gamma production in general, presumably alleviating the detrimental influence of IFN-gamma in MS. |
| 1852 | 18653385 | However, the increase in proinflammatory IL-6 and the decrease in anti-inflammatory IL-10 responses suggest that IFN-beta has more diverse effects than previously assumed. |
| 1853 | 18653385 | However, the increase in proinflammatory IL-6 and the decrease in anti-inflammatory IL-10 responses suggest that IFN-beta has more diverse effects than previously assumed. |
| 1854 | 18650852 | Compared with the control-vaccinated mice, the MIF/TTX DNA-vaccinated mice also showed significantly lower serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha protein levels and reduced mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and Toll-like receptor-4 in the lungs. |
| 1855 | 18640169 | Since i.n. treatment with OMVs as well as killed whole-cell bacteria enhanced markers of innate immune response such as TNFalpha, IL-6 and CCL20, i.n. immunizations were performed with no adjuvant added. |
| 1856 | 18632918 | It is involved in the haptoglobin-mediated removal of free hemoglobin from plasma, has been identified as a naturally soluble plasma glycoprotein with potential anti-inflammatory properties, and is possibly linked to an individual's haptoglobin phenotype. |
| 1857 | 18632918 | In order to verify this, the relationships between sCD163 levels, malaria severity, and selected inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and IL-10) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using plasma samples obtained from pediatric malaria patients with uncomplicated malaria (UM [n = 38]), cerebral malaria (CM [n = 52]), and severe malarial anemia (SA [n = 55]) during two consecutive malaria transmission seasons (2002 and 2003). |
| 1858 | 18632652 | Here, we show that monocyte-derived immature human DCs stimulated with polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid, IFN-alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and IFN-gamma, alpha-type 1-polarized DC (alpha DC1), secrete profuse amounts of the CXCR3 ligand CXCL9/MIG and substantial amounts of CXCL10/IP-10 and CXCL11/I-TAC after withdrawal of maturation stimuli. |
| 1859 | 18632652 | In sharp contrast, no measurable production of these chemokines was found in DCs after maturation with the current gold standard maturation cocktail for human DC-based cancer vaccines consisting of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and prostaglandin-E(2) (PGE(2)-DC). |
| 1860 | 18632652 | PGE(2)-DCs preferentially produced the Th2 and regulatory T-cell-attracting chemokines CCL17/TARC and CCL22/MDC, whereas only marginal levels of these chemokines were produced by alpha DC1s. |
| 1861 | 18632652 | Functional studies in vitro showed that supernatants from mature alpha DC1s actively recruited CD3(-)CD56(+) NK cells and that adding anti-CXCL9/MIG antibodies to the alpha DC1 supernatant substantially reduced this recruitment. |
| 1862 | 18632652 | Finally, alpha DC1s were able to induce IFN-gamma production when cocultured with resting autologous NK cells, but only if concurrent CD40 ligation was provided. |
| 1863 | 18628832 | Such BVLPs up-regulated the level of CD40, CD80, CD86, CD83, and enhanced the secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in immature dendritic cells (DCs). |
| 1864 | 18628832 | Such BVLPs up-regulated the level of CD40, CD80, CD86, CD83, and enhanced the secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in immature dendritic cells (DCs). |
| 1865 | 18628832 | BVLPs showed a stronger ability to stimulate DCs in terms of cytokine induction as evidenced by 2 to 6 fold higher production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. |
| 1866 | 18628832 | BVLPs showed a stronger ability to stimulate DCs in terms of cytokine induction as evidenced by 2 to 6 fold higher production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. |
| 1867 | 18628832 | Further study indicated that IFN-gamma+ and IL-4+ populations in CD4+ T cells increased upon co-cultivation with DCs pre-exposed with BVLPs or SARS-CoV VLPs. |
| 1868 | 18628832 | Further study indicated that IFN-gamma+ and IL-4+ populations in CD4+ T cells increased upon co-cultivation with DCs pre-exposed with BVLPs or SARS-CoV VLPs. |
| 1869 | 18614668 | Postchallenge cytokine analysis showed that interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and gamma interferon were markers of mortality and that IL-1beta was a correlate of survival, independent of the presence of PorB as an adjuvant. |
| 1870 | 18600182 | Unmodified freeze-thaw tumor cell lysates inhibited the toll-like receptor-induced maturation and function of bone marrow-derived DCs, preventing up-regulation of CD40, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class II, and reducing secretion of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12 p70, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6]. |
| 1871 | 18600182 | Although IL-10 secretion was increased by lysate-pulsed DCs, this was not responsible for the observed suppression of IL-12. |
| 1872 | 18598175 | The CA-elicited production of the Th1 cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, and interferon (IFN)-gamma was increased after Immunlina administration for 3 days (P < .001, < .03, and < .007, respectively), and increased IL-2 production persisted after 56 days (P < .004). |
| 1873 | 18598175 | The CA-elicited production of the Th1 cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, and interferon (IFN)-gamma was increased after Immunlina administration for 3 days (P < .001, < .03, and < .007, respectively), and increased IL-2 production persisted after 56 days (P < .004). |
| 1874 | 18598175 | The TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-6 responses to TT were enhanced after 8 and 14 days (P < .002-.05), while IL-5 responses increased significantly within 3 days (P < .04) and fell below baseline levels after 14 days (P < .008). |
| 1875 | 18598175 | The TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-6 responses to TT were enhanced after 8 and 14 days (P < .002-.05), while IL-5 responses increased significantly within 3 days (P < .04) and fell below baseline levels after 14 days (P < .008). |
| 1876 | 18598175 | Upon addition to normal mononuclear cells in vitro, Immulina elicited strong TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 responses, indicating that it acts by inducing a pro-inflammatory state. |
| 1877 | 18598175 | Upon addition to normal mononuclear cells in vitro, Immulina elicited strong TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 responses, indicating that it acts by inducing a pro-inflammatory state. |
| 1878 | 18591233 | However, contrarily to nMP65, rMP65 did not induce tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 release from these cells. |
| 1879 | 18573897 | In addition, testing of TB patients' PBMC for secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-8, and IL-1beta), Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-beta), and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) showed differential effects of RD peptides in the secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-10, with high IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratios (32 to 5.0) in response to RD1, RD5, RD7, RD9, and RD10 and low IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratios (<1.0) in response to RD12, RD13, and RD15. |
| 1880 | 18573897 | In conclusion, our results suggest that M. tuberculosis RDs can be divided into two major groups--one group that activates PBMC to preferentially secrete IFN-gamma and another group that activates preferential secretion of IL-10--and that these two groups of RDs may have roles in protection against and pathogenesis of TB, respectively. |
| 1881 | 18566424 | Further analysis of the VRP DLN revealed up-regulated alpha4beta7 integrin expression on DLN B cells, expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 on the DLN high endothelia venules, and production of IL-6 and CC chemokines, all characteristics of mucosal lymphoid tissues. |
| 1882 | 18562564 | We previously showed that several adjuvant formulations can induce anti-MSP1-19 antibodies in interleukin-6, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, CD80, and CD86 knockout (KO) mice and at levels similar to those obtained in the healthy uninfected hosts. |
| 1883 | 18524882 | The measurement of peripheral blood cytokine (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], interleukin-10 [IL-10], and IL-6) gene expression showed that P13 conjugate-vaccinated BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice mounted a strong Th2 (IL-10)-like response relative to the Th1 (IFN-gamma)-like response, with the degree depending on the mouse strain and carrier protein. |
| 1884 | 18522647 | Role of IL-17, transforming growth factor-beta, and IL-6 in the development of arthritis and production of anti-outer surface protein A borreliacidal antibodies in Borrelia-vaccinated and -challenged mice. |
| 1885 | 18522647 | Role of IL-17, transforming growth factor-beta, and IL-6 in the development of arthritis and production of anti-outer surface protein A borreliacidal antibodies in Borrelia-vaccinated and -challenged mice. |
| 1886 | 18522647 | Role of IL-17, transforming growth factor-beta, and IL-6 in the development of arthritis and production of anti-outer surface protein A borreliacidal antibodies in Borrelia-vaccinated and -challenged mice. |
| 1887 | 18522647 | Here, we show in Borrelia-vaccinated and -challenged mice that two cytokines known to induce the production of IL-17, IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, are also involved in the development of arthritis. |
| 1888 | 18522647 | Here, we show in Borrelia-vaccinated and -challenged mice that two cytokines known to induce the production of IL-17, IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, are also involved in the development of arthritis. |
| 1889 | 18522647 | Here, we show in Borrelia-vaccinated and -challenged mice that two cytokines known to induce the production of IL-17, IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, are also involved in the development of arthritis. |
| 1890 | 18522647 | These findings demonstrate a role for the combined effects of IL-17, IL-6, and TGF-beta in the adaptive immune events leading to the development of Borrelia-induced arthritis. |
| 1891 | 18522647 | These findings demonstrate a role for the combined effects of IL-17, IL-6, and TGF-beta in the adaptive immune events leading to the development of Borrelia-induced arthritis. |
| 1892 | 18522647 | These findings demonstrate a role for the combined effects of IL-17, IL-6, and TGF-beta in the adaptive immune events leading to the development of Borrelia-induced arthritis. |
| 1893 | 18505805 | Cytokine quantitation for the sera of SchuS4-challenged mice indicated that OMP and iLVS immunizations induced high levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, whereas only OMP immunization induced high levels of IL-10 production. |
| 1894 | 18505805 | By comparison, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including RANTES, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-6, IL-1alpha, IL-12p40, and KC, in nonvaccinated mice indicated that these cytokines may facilitate disease progression. |
| 1895 | 18495849 | Antibodies to proteinase 3 prime human oral, lung, and kidney epithelial cells to secrete proinflammatory cytokines upon stimulation with agonists to various Toll-like receptors, NOD1, and NOD2. |
| 1896 | 18495849 | In this study, anti-PR3 antibodies (Abs) and PR3 ANCA-containing sera from WG patients endowed human oral, lung, and kidney epithelial cells with responsiveness to PAMPs in terms of the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. |
| 1897 | 18495849 | Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) agonist peptides mimicked the priming effects of PR3 ANCA against PAMPs. |
| 1898 | 18495849 | Furthermore, the anti-PR3 Ab-mediated cell activation was significantly abolished by RNA interference targeting PAR-2 and NF-kappaB. |
| 1899 | 18490717 | We observed that radiosensitive and radioresistant cells played distinct roles in the innate response to flagellin, with the radiosensitive cells producing the majority of the TNF-alpha, IL-12, and IL-6 cytokines and the radioresistant cells most of the KC, IP-10, and MCP-1 cytokines. |
| 1900 | 18490717 | We observed that radiosensitive and radioresistant cells played distinct roles in the innate response to flagellin, with the radiosensitive cells producing the majority of the TNF-alpha, IL-12, and IL-6 cytokines and the radioresistant cells most of the KC, IP-10, and MCP-1 cytokines. |
| 1901 | 18490717 | Further studies revealed that hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic expression of the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6, but not IL-1, played an important role in promoting flagellin-induced Ab responses. |
| 1902 | 18490717 | Further studies revealed that hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic expression of the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6, but not IL-1, played an important role in promoting flagellin-induced Ab responses. |
| 1903 | 18481222 | The secretion of Th type 1 (TNF, IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th type 2 (IL-4 and IL-6) cytokines was tested in the medium fluid of purified PBL and splenocyte cultures; their absolute values were expressed in relative indexes. |
| 1904 | 18481222 | The PBL from FpgD1/313 immunized mice showed increased secretion of both T(H)1 (TNF) as well as T(H)2 (IL-4) cytokines (7-10-fold, respectively). |
| 1905 | 18480235 | In addition to standard clinical and laboratory parameter testing, the levels of expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, FasL, and CCL2 mRNA were also measured by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. |
| 1906 | 18479787 | Therapeutic vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with tumor-derived Hsp70 and a COX-2 inhibitor induces protective immunity against B16 melanoma. |
| 1907 | 18479787 | Therapeutic vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with tumor-derived Hsp70 and a COX-2 inhibitor induces protective immunity against B16 melanoma. |
| 1908 | 18479787 | Here we sought to overcome this problem by therapeutic vaccination with dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with Hsp70 and a COX-2 inhibitor. |
| 1909 | 18479787 | Here we sought to overcome this problem by therapeutic vaccination with dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with Hsp70 and a COX-2 inhibitor. |
| 1910 | 18479787 | We found that Hsp70 induces IL-6 and IL-10 production and suppressed expression of CD40 on DC. |
| 1911 | 18479787 | We found that Hsp70 induces IL-6 and IL-10 production and suppressed expression of CD40 on DC. |
| 1912 | 18479787 | Incubation of DC with tumor-conditioned medium attenuated Hsp70-induced expression of CD80 and induced expression of COX-2. |
| 1913 | 18479787 | Incubation of DC with tumor-conditioned medium attenuated Hsp70-induced expression of CD80 and induced expression of COX-2. |
| 1914 | 18479787 | Inhibition of COX-2 partially reversed the stimulatory effect of Hsp70 on DC IL-6 and IL-10 production and enhanced expression of CD80 and MHC classes I and II. |
| 1915 | 18479787 | Inhibition of COX-2 partially reversed the stimulatory effect of Hsp70 on DC IL-6 and IL-10 production and enhanced expression of CD80 and MHC classes I and II. |
| 1916 | 18479787 | Therapeutic administration of DC pulsed in vitro with Hsp70 in the presence of a COX-2 inhibitor significantly reduced progression of B16 tumors in mice and significantly enhanced survival. |
| 1917 | 18479787 | Therapeutic administration of DC pulsed in vitro with Hsp70 in the presence of a COX-2 inhibitor significantly reduced progression of B16 tumors in mice and significantly enhanced survival. |
| 1918 | 18479787 | This was associated with a reduction in the frequency of IL-10-producing CD4(+) T cells and enhancement of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 1919 | 18479787 | This was associated with a reduction in the frequency of IL-10-producing CD4(+) T cells and enhancement of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells. |
| 1920 | 18462845 | The effects of IL-6 and TNF-alpha as molecular adjuvants on immune responses to FMDV and maturation of dendritic cells by DNA vaccination. |
| 1921 | 18462845 | The effects of IL-6 and TNF-alpha as molecular adjuvants on immune responses to FMDV and maturation of dendritic cells by DNA vaccination. |
| 1922 | 18462845 | The effects of IL-6 and TNF-alpha as molecular adjuvants on immune responses to FMDV and maturation of dendritic cells by DNA vaccination. |
| 1923 | 18462845 | In this study, we investigated whether co-inoculation of a construct expressing either IL-6 or TNF-alpha as the molecular adjuvant with FMDV DNA vaccine, pcD-VP1, can increase immune responses. |
| 1924 | 18462845 | In this study, we investigated whether co-inoculation of a construct expressing either IL-6 or TNF-alpha as the molecular adjuvant with FMDV DNA vaccine, pcD-VP1, can increase immune responses. |
| 1925 | 18462845 | In this study, we investigated whether co-inoculation of a construct expressing either IL-6 or TNF-alpha as the molecular adjuvant with FMDV DNA vaccine, pcD-VP1, can increase immune responses. |
| 1926 | 18462845 | Compared to the group immunized with pcD-VP1 alone, the co-inoculation with either molecular adjuvant induced a higher ratio of IgG2a/IgG1, higher levels of expression of IFN-gamma in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IL-4 in CD4+ T cells, and in vivo antigen-specific cytotoxic response. |
| 1927 | 18462845 | Compared to the group immunized with pcD-VP1 alone, the co-inoculation with either molecular adjuvant induced a higher ratio of IgG2a/IgG1, higher levels of expression of IFN-gamma in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IL-4 in CD4+ T cells, and in vivo antigen-specific cytotoxic response. |
| 1928 | 18462845 | Compared to the group immunized with pcD-VP1 alone, the co-inoculation with either molecular adjuvant induced a higher ratio of IgG2a/IgG1, higher levels of expression of IFN-gamma in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IL-4 in CD4+ T cells, and in vivo antigen-specific cytotoxic response. |
| 1929 | 18462845 | Together, the results demonstrate that IL-6 and TNF-alpha used as molecular adjuvants can enhance the antigen-specific cell-mediated responses elicited by VP1 DNA vaccine. |
| 1930 | 18462845 | Together, the results demonstrate that IL-6 and TNF-alpha used as molecular adjuvants can enhance the antigen-specific cell-mediated responses elicited by VP1 DNA vaccine. |
| 1931 | 18462845 | Together, the results demonstrate that IL-6 and TNF-alpha used as molecular adjuvants can enhance the antigen-specific cell-mediated responses elicited by VP1 DNA vaccine. |
| 1932 | 18450338 | The current "gold standard" for generation of dendritic cell (DC) used in DC-based cancer vaccine studies is maturation of monocyte-derived DCs with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/IL-1beta/IL-6 and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). |
| 1933 | 18450338 | Recently, a protocol for producing so-called alpha-Type-1 polarized dendritic cells (alphaDC1) in serum-free medium was published based on maturation of monocyte-derived DCs with TNF-alpha/IL-1-beta/polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly-I:C)/interferon (IFN)-alpha and IFN-gamma. |
| 1934 | 18450338 | We showed that alphaDC1 in this protocol induce lower up-regulation of CD83 and several other maturation markers, co-stimulatory molecules and CCR7 together with higher up-regulation of inhibitory molecules such as PD-L1, ILT2, ILT3 as compared to sDC. |
| 1935 | 18442785 | Also, exposure of DCs to EP54 (50 microg/ml) induced the activation of genes specific for the Th1 cytokines IL-6, IL-12, INFgamma, and TNFalpha as well as the Th2 cytokine IL-4. |
| 1936 | 18425373 | IL-15 exerts its effect on innate and acquired immunity with the most prominent action in NK cells and CD8(+) memory T cells. |
| 1937 | 18425373 | In our experiments, in a model of B78-H1 murine transplantable melanoma, tumor-bearing mice were treated with different cytokine-gene modified tumor cell vaccines (producing TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, IL-12 or IL-6/sIL-6R) followed by a series of IL-15 injections. |
| 1938 | 18425373 | Tumors treated with the combination of B78-H1 melanoma cells secreting IL-12 (B78/IL-12 vaccine) and IL-15 were heavily infiltrated by granulocytes. |
| 1939 | 18425373 | IL-15, either alone or in combination with the B78/IL-12 vaccine, influenced infiltration of tumors with CD3(+) lymphocytes, CD4(+)and CD8(+). |
| 1940 | 18389479 | DiC14-amidine liposomes also activated human DC, as shown by synthesis of IL-12p40 and TNF-alpha, accumulation of IL-6, IFN-beta and CXCL10 mRNA, and up-regulation of membrane expression of CD80 and CD86. |
| 1941 | 18389479 | DC stimulation by diC14-amidine liposomes was associated with activation of NF-kappaB, ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAP kinases. |
| 1942 | 18389479 | Finally, we demonstrated in mouse and human cells that diC14-amidine liposomes use Toll-like receptor 4 to elicit both MyD88-dependent and Toll/IL-1R-containing adaptor inducing interferon IFN-beta (TRIF)-dependent responses. |
| 1943 | 18389062 | Furthermore, M2 protein expression in primary murine B cells drives high level IL-10 expression along with increased secretion of IL-2, IL-6, and MIP-1alpha. |
| 1944 | 18389062 | M2 protein expression in primary B cells also led to upregulated surface expression of the high affinity IL-2 receptor (CD25) and the activation marker GL7, along with down-regulated surface expression of B220, MHC II, and sIgD. |
| 1945 | 18386791 | Combination of Fasl and GM-CSF confers synergistic antitumor immunity in an in vivo model of the murine Lewis lung carcinoma. |
| 1946 | 18386791 | Gene transfer of Fas ligand (FasL) to tumor cells has been demonstrated to inhibit tumor growth in vivo, and neutrophils are primarily responsible for this immunoprotection. |
| 1947 | 18386791 | The granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secreted by tumor vaccine can recruit dendritic cells (DCs) for efficient antigen presentation to T cells that generate the tumor-specific response. |
| 1948 | 18386791 | To investigate whether the combination of FasL and GM-CSF can efficiently suppress tumor growth, we have established Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-1) cells that are transduced with GM-CSF (LLC/GM-CSF), FasL (LLC/FasL) or both genes (LLC/FasL/GM-CSF) to test their tumorigenic potential in vivo. |
| 1949 | 18386791 | In contrast, none of the mice injected with LLC/FasL or LLC/FasL/GM-CSF develop tumors. |
| 1950 | 18386791 | Specific memory immune response and delayed LLC-1 tumor growth are found in mice immunized with LLC-1/FasL or LLC-1/FasL/GM-CSF. |
| 1951 | 18386791 | Furthermore, therapeutic effects are observed only when LLC-1/FasL/GM-CSF tumor vaccine is employed to retard growth of preexisting LLC-1 tumors. |
| 1952 | 18386791 | Tumor growth is also completely suppressed in mice injected with a mixture of LLC-1 and LLC-1/FasL/GM-CSF. |
| 1953 | 18386791 | In addition, IL-12 production, cytotoxic T-cell activity and IgG against LLC-1 are manifested in mice injected with LLC/FasL/GM-CSF. |
| 1954 | 18386791 | Our data show that FasL-induced pathway triggers expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 beta, IL-6, MIP-2 and MCP-1, while GM-CSF-dependent pathway promotes functional maturation and activation of DCs. |
| 1955 | 18386791 | Taken together, the results indicate that dual gene-based delivery with FasL and GM-CSF may serve as a more effective tumor vaccine to suppress lung cancer cell growth in vivo. |
| 1956 | 18385234 | In contrast, the inflammatory response was better controlled by wild-type MV, as revealed by inhibition of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha transcription. |
| 1957 | 18359518 | In spleen samples of IBV-infected animals reduced expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18 and IFN-gamma mRNA was found 1dpi. |
| 1958 | 18329193 | Because cytokines play a key role in immunity, the expression levels of TGF-beta, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-6 were measured, by RT-PCR in the spleen, the ileum and the mesenteric lymph node of the animals at the end of the experiment. |
| 1959 | 18329193 | In the mesenteric lymph node, a significantly lower expression of both TGF-beta and IFN-gamma mRNA expression levels is observed in animals feed with DON when compared with control piglets. |
| 1960 | 18321578 | For instance, mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, and chemokines KC, and IP-10 was consistently upregulated at all sites of infection. |
| 1961 | 18321578 | For instance, IFN-gamma was highly upregulated in the skin of BALB/c, but not C57BL/6 mice after ID inoculation of the pathogen, whilst IL-10 mRNA upregulation was only consistently seen in the skin and lungs. |
| 1962 | 18319583 | The results revealed that IFN-gamma and IL-6 were upregulated during the first week post-vaccination. |
| 1963 | 18319583 | Low level expressions of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IL-10 and no expression of IL-2 and IL-4 were observed compared with the control camels. |
| 1964 | 18317362 | Given the perceived need to augment antitumor type-1 immunity (TC1 and Th1) as a therapeutic end point, and the known functional plasticity of DC populations that may display heterogeneous capacity to promote T-cell responses, we sought to identify a preferred DC preparation with this capacity. |
| 1965 | 18317362 | We compared 2 different preparations of monocyte-derived DC using interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) (IFN-DC and alphaDC1) with classic DCs "matured" (mDCs) using interleukin-1beta/interleukin-6/tumor necrosis factor-alpha/prostaglandin E2, for their ability to promote autologous TC1 antitumor responses from RCC patients in vitro. |
| 1966 | 18317362 | IFN-alpha-conditioned DC promoted significantly higher numbers of RCC-specific CD8+ T cells exhibiting a cytotoxic phenotype after in vitro stimulation (IVS) than cytokine cocktail-mDCs. |
| 1967 | 18313150 | Results from a protein cytokine array showed significant elevations over time in interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, MCP-1, IFNgamma, TNFalpha, MIP-1alpha, and RANTES in homogenized brain samples of infected mice. |
| 1968 | 18311150 | In this study, the zinc-finger A20, a negative regulator of the Toll-like receptor and tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling pathways, was found to play a crucial part in controlling the maturation, cytokine production and immunostimulatory potency of dendritic cells (DCs). |
| 1969 | 18311150 | A20-silenced DCs showed spontaneous and enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules and proinflammatory cytokines and had different effects on T cell subsets: they inhibited T(reg) cells and hyperactivated tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T helper cells that produced interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and were refractory to T(reg) cell-mediated suppression. |
| 1970 | 18299457 | Expression of NadA on the surface on Escherichia coli does not increase bacterial-monocyte association, but a NadA-positive strain induced a significantly higher amount of TNF-alpha and IL-8 compared with the parental NadA-negative strain, suggesting that NadA has an intrinsic stimulatory action on these cells. |
| 1971 | 18299457 | Consistently, highly pure, soluble NadA(Delta351-405), a proposed component of an antimeningococcal vaccine, efficiently stimulates monocytes/macrophages to secrete a selected pattern of cytokines and chemotactic factors characterized by high levels of IL-8, IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-1alpha and low levels of the main vasoactive mediators TNF-alpha and IL-1. |
| 1972 | 18280621 | In an attempt to increase cross-presentation through apoptosis, the DNA-encoding caspase-2 prodomain followed by wild-type or catalytically inactive mutated caspase-3 was inserted into a plasmid encoding the 32 kDa mycolyl transferase (Ag85A) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| 1973 | 18280621 | Vaccination with pro-apoptotic plasmids triggered more Ag85A specific IFN-gamma producing spleen cells, and more efficient IL-2 and IFN-gamma producing memory cells in spleen and lungs after M. tuberculosis challenge. |
| 1974 | 18280621 | Compared to DNA-encoding secreted Ag85A, vaccination with DNA co-expressing wild-type caspase increased protection after infection with M. tuberculosis, while vaccination with plasmid co-expressing mutated caspase was not protective, possibly due to the stimulation of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A production. |
| 1975 | 18279956 | The blood was weekly collected from mice after vaccination to detect the changes of immunoglobulins, specific antibodies, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and immune cells. 28 days after vaccination, the mice were orally challenged with virulent Pasteurella multocida. |
| 1976 | 18237828 | Gene expression in fish vaccinated at 15 degrees C (the protected fish) was up-regulated with regard to the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta, the cell receptors TcR, CD8alpha, CD4, C5aR and the teleost specific immunoglobulin IgT. |
| 1977 | 18228247 | TLR7 and CD40 cooperate in IL-6 production via enhanced JNK and AP-1 activation. |
| 1978 | 18228247 | TLR7 and CD40 cooperate in IL-6 production via enhanced JNK and AP-1 activation. |
| 1979 | 18228247 | TLR7 and CD40 cooperate in IL-6 production via enhanced JNK and AP-1 activation. |
| 1980 | 18228247 | To address this goal, we examined the effects of TLR stimulation on BCR and CD40-induced B cell activation. |
| 1981 | 18228247 | To address this goal, we examined the effects of TLR stimulation on BCR and CD40-induced B cell activation. |
| 1982 | 18228247 | To address this goal, we examined the effects of TLR stimulation on BCR and CD40-induced B cell activation. |
| 1983 | 18228247 | Synergistic production of IL-6 was observed in both human and mouse primary B cells stimulated through B cell antigen receptors, CD40 and TLR7, and these two receptors also cooperated independently of BCR signals. |
| 1984 | 18228247 | Synergistic production of IL-6 was observed in both human and mouse primary B cells stimulated through B cell antigen receptors, CD40 and TLR7, and these two receptors also cooperated independently of BCR signals. |
| 1985 | 18228247 | Synergistic production of IL-6 was observed in both human and mouse primary B cells stimulated through B cell antigen receptors, CD40 and TLR7, and these two receptors also cooperated independently of BCR signals. |
| 1986 | 18228247 | The enhanced IL-6 production was dependent upon the activity of c-Jun kinase (JNK) and cFos. |
| 1987 | 18228247 | The enhanced IL-6 production was dependent upon the activity of c-Jun kinase (JNK) and cFos. |
| 1988 | 18228247 | The enhanced IL-6 production was dependent upon the activity of c-Jun kinase (JNK) and cFos. |
| 1989 | 18228247 | Dual stimulation through CD40 and TLR7 markedly enhanced JNK activity. |
| 1990 | 18228247 | Dual stimulation through CD40 and TLR7 markedly enhanced JNK activity. |
| 1991 | 18228247 | Dual stimulation through CD40 and TLR7 markedly enhanced JNK activity. |
| 1992 | 18228247 | The increased level of active JNK in dual-stimulated cells was accompanied by an increase in the level of active AP-1 monomers cJun and cFos. |
| 1993 | 18228247 | The increased level of active JNK in dual-stimulated cells was accompanied by an increase in the level of active AP-1 monomers cJun and cFos. |
| 1994 | 18228247 | The increased level of active JNK in dual-stimulated cells was accompanied by an increase in the level of active AP-1 monomers cJun and cFos. |
| 1995 | 18228247 | The stimulation of B cells through both CD40 and TLR7 therefore enhanced the production of cytokines through increased JNK signaling and AP-1 activity. |
| 1996 | 18228247 | The stimulation of B cells through both CD40 and TLR7 therefore enhanced the production of cytokines through increased JNK signaling and AP-1 activity. |
| 1997 | 18228247 | The stimulation of B cells through both CD40 and TLR7 therefore enhanced the production of cytokines through increased JNK signaling and AP-1 activity. |
| 1998 | 18228247 | In addition, the dual stimulation increased cFos/AP-1 species in stimulated cells, effectively expanding the repertoire of AP-1 dimers as compared to singly stimulated B cells. |
| 1999 | 18228247 | In addition, the dual stimulation increased cFos/AP-1 species in stimulated cells, effectively expanding the repertoire of AP-1 dimers as compared to singly stimulated B cells. |
| 2000 | 18228247 | In addition, the dual stimulation increased cFos/AP-1 species in stimulated cells, effectively expanding the repertoire of AP-1 dimers as compared to singly stimulated B cells. |
| 2001 | 18202753 | Recently, we have demonstrated up-regulation of a new member of the LOX family, lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4), in invasive HNC revealed a significant correlation between LOXL4 expression and local lymph node metastases and higher tumour stages. |
| 2002 | 18202753 | The successfully transfected immature dendritic cells (DCs) were induced to mature with GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and PGE2, and then used to stimulate T cell enriched non-adherent fraction of PBMC. |
| 2003 | 18202753 | LOXL4 specific T cell stimulation induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response was monitored using IFN-gamma secretion from the non-adherent PBMC fraction exposed to mature, LOXL4 transfected DCs acting as the antigen presenting target cells. |
| 2004 | 18178854 | Neither hexaacylated nor pentaacylated synthetic lipid A induced NF-kappaB activity in wild-type transfectants under the identical transfection conditions used for LPS; however, increasing human MD-2 expression rescued responsiveness to hexaacylated lipid A only, while murine MD-2 was required to elicit a response to pentaacylated lipid A. |
| 2005 | 18178854 | Adherent PBMC of healthy volunteers were also compared for LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, and IL-10 production. |
| 2006 | 21479379 | Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) is a key negative regulator of the JAK/STAT signal pathway and plays an essential role in suppressing systemic autoimmunity that is mediated by DCs. |
| 2007 | 21479379 | In the mouse melanoma model, we found that a 2x106 TRP2-pulsed DC vaccine was able to induce immune tolerance, while a 2x106 SOCS1-silenced DC/TRP2 vaccine prevented immune tolerance. |
| 2008 | 21479379 | Further experiments revealed that activation-induced T cell death (AICD) through the Fas/Fas-L pathway may play a crucial role in immune tolerance induced by 2x106 TRP2-pulsed DC. |
| 2009 | 21479379 | SOCS1-silencing in DCs could prevent immune tolerance by inhibiting Fas and Fas-L expression, induced by an increase in IL-12p70 and IL-6 production. |
| 2010 | 21479379 | In addition, in 2x106 SOCS1-silenced DC/TRP2 immunized mice, higher levels of IL-12p70 and IFN-γ and lower IL-17 production may inhibit tumor angiogenesis and therefore assist in breaking immune tolerance. |
| 2011 | 18156495 | Activin-A: a novel dendritic cell-derived cytokine that potently attenuates CD40 ligand-specific cytokine and chemokine production. |
| 2012 | 18156495 | Human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) and the CD1c(+) and CD123(+) peripheral blood DC populations express both activin-A and the type I and II activin receptors. |
| 2013 | 18156495 | Furthermore, MoDCs and CD1c(+) myeloid DCs rapidly secrete high levels of activin-A after exposure to bacteria, specific toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, or CD40 ligand (CD40L). |
| 2014 | 18156495 | Blocking autocrine activin-A signaling in DCs using its antagonist, follistatin, enhanced DC cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha]) and chemokine (IL-8, IP-10, RANTES, and MCP-1) production during CD40L stimulation, but not TLR-4 ligation. |
| 2015 | 18085063 | The activation of memory T cells results in cascades of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8), and other chemical mediators that increase vascular endothelial permeability or trigger death of target cells through apoptosis. |
| 2016 | 18066713 | A549, a type II alveolar epithelial cell line stimulated with LPS (10 mug/ml), released high levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. |
| 2017 | 18066713 | A549, a type II alveolar epithelial cell line stimulated with LPS (10 mug/ml), released high levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. |
| 2018 | 18066713 | When coincubating A549 with LPS and meta-iodobenzylguanidine or novobiocin, selective arginine-dependent ART-inhibitors, the release of IL-6 and IL-8 was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. |
| 2019 | 18066713 | When coincubating A549 with LPS and meta-iodobenzylguanidine or novobiocin, selective arginine-dependent ART-inhibitors, the release of IL-6 and IL-8 was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. |
| 2020 | 18061513 | Several tumor-derived factors such as VEGF, IL-6, IL-10, M-CSF, and STAT-3 have been shown to be responsible for systemic and local DC defects. |
| 2021 | 18039836 | Simultaneous gene expression patterns of selected host immunomodulatory molecules, CCL2, CCL5, CD54, CXCL2, interleukin-6, and tomor necrosis factor alpha, were also investigated. |
| 2022 | 18025095 | Tissue-specific interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 were immune markers of mortality, while anti-LVS immunoglobulin M and IL-1beta were associated with survival. |
| 2023 | 18003817 | The cytokines analyzed in this study were gamma interferon, vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, IL-12p40, and IL-4. |
| 2024 | 17993753 | The levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 after challenge with an A. pleuropneumoniae field isolate did not change significantly in the vaccinated groups. |
| 2025 | 17978011 | We used a multiplex, suspension-array-based immunoassay method to measure 10 proinflammatory (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-6, and IL-8) and immunoregulatory (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-13) cytokines in cervical mucus specimens collected via ophthalmic sponge from 72 healthy, nonpregnant women and correlate their levels with biologic and behavioral covariates in a cross-sectional design. |
| 2026 | 17978011 | We used a multiplex, suspension-array-based immunoassay method to measure 10 proinflammatory (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-6, and IL-8) and immunoregulatory (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-13) cytokines in cervical mucus specimens collected via ophthalmic sponge from 72 healthy, nonpregnant women and correlate their levels with biologic and behavioral covariates in a cross-sectional design. |
| 2027 | 17978011 | Among the covariates examined, the most striking finding was the significant (P < or = 0.05) association between depressed levels of the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 and cigarette smoking. |
| 2028 | 17978011 | Among the covariates examined, the most striking finding was the significant (P < or = 0.05) association between depressed levels of the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 and cigarette smoking. |
| 2029 | 17977633 | Subcutaneous immunization with a mixture of HA vaccine and gamma-PGA-NPs induced higher mononuclear cell proliferation and the production of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-6 upon HA restimulation, and enhanced not only anti-HA neutralizing antibody production but also the influenza virus-specific cell-mediated immune response, including CTL activity, compared with immunization with HA alone or a mixture of HA and aluminum adjuvant. |
| 2030 | 17974997 | Enhanced activation of human dendritic cells by inducible CD40 and Toll-like receptor-4 ligation. |
| 2031 | 17974997 | To enhance DC-based vaccines, we used the combination of a synthetic ligand-inducible CD40 receptor (iCD40) along with Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) ligation in human monocyte-derived DCs. |
| 2032 | 17974997 | The iCD40 receptor permits targeted, reversible activation of CD40 in vivo, potentially bypassing the essential role of CD4(+) T cells for activation of DCs. |
| 2033 | 17974997 | Whereas neither iCD40 nor TLR-4 signaling alone led to high levels of interleukin (IL)-12p70 and IL-6, using iCD40 in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or monophosphoryl lipid A led to strongly synergistic production of both. |
| 2034 | 17962945 | In turn, the onset of the immunological eclipse was coincidental with the onset of a systemic inflammatory condition characterized by a high number of circulating and splenic polymorphonucleated neutrophils (PMN) displaying activation and Gr1(+)Mac1(+) phenotype and an increasing serum concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum A amyloid (SAA) phase acute proteins. |
| 2035 | 17959278 | The blood was weekly collected to detect the change of IgG, IgA, IgM, specific antibody, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 by ELISA. |
| 2036 | 17934646 | Vaccination by the intramuscular route induced high levels of anti-Hsp65 IgG2a antibodies, but not anti-Hsp65 IgG1 antibodies and a significant production of IL-6, IFN-g and IL-10, but not IL-5, indicating a Th1 profile. |
| 2037 | 17934646 | Vaccination by the intramuscular route induced high levels of anti-Hsp65 IgG2a antibodies, but not anti-Hsp65 IgG1 antibodies and a significant production of IL-6, IFN-g and IL-10, but not IL-5, indicating a Th1 profile. |
| 2038 | 17934646 | Immunization by the intradermal route triggered a mixed pattern (Th1/Th2) characterized by synthesis of anti-Hsp65 IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies and production of high levels of IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-g. |
| 2039 | 17934646 | Immunization by the intradermal route triggered a mixed pattern (Th1/Th2) characterized by synthesis of anti-Hsp65 IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies and production of high levels of IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-g. |
| 2040 | 17929411 | In the study, concentrations of IFN-gamma/Il-2 and 1l-4/Il-5 in supernatants of cultured mice splenocytes have been determined to evaluate differences in Th1 or Th2 lymphocytes subpopulation response. |
| 2041 | 17929411 | Simultaneously, studies of intracellular expression of genes encoding of Il-2, Il-12, IFN-gamma and Il-4, Il-5, Il-10, Il-13 in mice splenocytes, and genes encoding factors involved in inflammatory process in the lung tissue (GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, Il-1beta, Il-6 i TGF-beta) have been performed on RNA level. |
| 2042 | 17908769 | Genetic polymorphisms in immunoresponse genes TNFA, IL6, IL10, and TLR4 are associated with recurrent acute otitis media. |
| 2043 | 17898182 | We examined B. burgdorferi infection of brain microvascular barriers during A. phagocytophilum coinfection and showed that coinfection enhanced reductions in transendothelial electrical resistance and enhanced or synergistically increased production of MMPs (MMP-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9), cytokines (interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), and chemokines (IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha) known to affect vascular permeability and inflammatory responses. |
| 2044 | 17886372 | Suppression of APF was observed along with suppression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) as well as B-lymphocytes growth factor (IL-4). |
| 2045 | 17884191 | Influence of behavioural lateralization on interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene expression in dogs before and after immunization with rabies vaccine. |
| 2046 | 17884191 | Influence of behavioural lateralization on interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene expression in dogs before and after immunization with rabies vaccine. |
| 2047 | 17884191 | Influence of behavioural lateralization on interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene expression in dogs before and after immunization with rabies vaccine. |
| 2048 | 17884191 | Influence of behavioural lateralization on interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene expression in dogs before and after immunization with rabies vaccine. |
| 2049 | 17884191 | Influence of behavioural lateralization on interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene expression in dogs before and after immunization with rabies vaccine. |
| 2050 | 17884191 | Influence of behavioural lateralization on interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene expression in dogs before and after immunization with rabies vaccine. |
| 2051 | 17884191 | The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes was measured in left-pawed, right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs before and after immunization treatment with a rabies vaccine. |
| 2052 | 17884191 | The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes was measured in left-pawed, right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs before and after immunization treatment with a rabies vaccine. |
| 2053 | 17884191 | The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes was measured in left-pawed, right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs before and after immunization treatment with a rabies vaccine. |
| 2054 | 17884191 | The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes was measured in left-pawed, right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs before and after immunization treatment with a rabies vaccine. |
| 2055 | 17884191 | The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes was measured in left-pawed, right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs before and after immunization treatment with a rabies vaccine. |
| 2056 | 17884191 | The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes was measured in left-pawed, right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs before and after immunization treatment with a rabies vaccine. |
| 2057 | 17884191 | The results revealed a relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 genes and the direction of behavioural lateralization. |
| 2058 | 17884191 | The results revealed a relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 genes and the direction of behavioural lateralization. |
| 2059 | 17884191 | The results revealed a relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 genes and the direction of behavioural lateralization. |
| 2060 | 17884191 | The results revealed a relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 genes and the direction of behavioural lateralization. |
| 2061 | 17884191 | The results revealed a relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 genes and the direction of behavioural lateralization. |
| 2062 | 17884191 | The results revealed a relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 genes and the direction of behavioural lateralization. |
| 2063 | 17884191 | Under basal conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression was higher in left-pawed dogs than in right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs. |
| 2064 | 17884191 | Under basal conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression was higher in left-pawed dogs than in right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs. |
| 2065 | 17884191 | Under basal conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression was higher in left-pawed dogs than in right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs. |
| 2066 | 17884191 | Under basal conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression was higher in left-pawed dogs than in right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs. |
| 2067 | 17884191 | Under basal conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression was higher in left-pawed dogs than in right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs. |
| 2068 | 17884191 | Under basal conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression was higher in left-pawed dogs than in right-pawed and ambidextrous dogs. |
| 2069 | 17884191 | After the vaccine administration, decreasing levels of IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression were observed in left-pawed and right-pawed dogs, but not in ambidextrous dogs. |
| 2070 | 17884191 | After the vaccine administration, decreasing levels of IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression were observed in left-pawed and right-pawed dogs, but not in ambidextrous dogs. |
| 2071 | 17884191 | After the vaccine administration, decreasing levels of IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression were observed in left-pawed and right-pawed dogs, but not in ambidextrous dogs. |
| 2072 | 17884191 | After the vaccine administration, decreasing levels of IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression were observed in left-pawed and right-pawed dogs, but not in ambidextrous dogs. |
| 2073 | 17884191 | After the vaccine administration, decreasing levels of IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression were observed in left-pawed and right-pawed dogs, but not in ambidextrous dogs. |
| 2074 | 17884191 | After the vaccine administration, decreasing levels of IL-2 and IL-6 gene expression were observed in left-pawed and right-pawed dogs, but not in ambidextrous dogs. |
| 2075 | 17884191 | These findings represent the first evidence that brain lateralization may influence the immune system in dogs by the modulation of mRNA gene expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, which have been recognized as key immune-regulatory proteins. |
| 2076 | 17884191 | These findings represent the first evidence that brain lateralization may influence the immune system in dogs by the modulation of mRNA gene expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, which have been recognized as key immune-regulatory proteins. |
| 2077 | 17884191 | These findings represent the first evidence that brain lateralization may influence the immune system in dogs by the modulation of mRNA gene expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, which have been recognized as key immune-regulatory proteins. |
| 2078 | 17884191 | These findings represent the first evidence that brain lateralization may influence the immune system in dogs by the modulation of mRNA gene expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, which have been recognized as key immune-regulatory proteins. |
| 2079 | 17884191 | These findings represent the first evidence that brain lateralization may influence the immune system in dogs by the modulation of mRNA gene expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, which have been recognized as key immune-regulatory proteins. |
| 2080 | 17884191 | These findings represent the first evidence that brain lateralization may influence the immune system in dogs by the modulation of mRNA gene expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, which have been recognized as key immune-regulatory proteins. |
| 2081 | 17872528 | Strong activation of TLR3, IL-6 and p65 was observed in BRV-infected host tissues, but not in tissues infected with BCV. |
| 2082 | 17868957 | Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a fusion gene of porcine IL-4 and IL-6 (PIL4/IL6) packaged with chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in terms of the development of a novel effective adjuvant. |
| 2083 | 17868957 | Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a fusion gene of porcine IL-4 and IL-6 (PIL4/IL6) packaged with chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in terms of the development of a novel effective adjuvant. |
| 2084 | 17868957 | Furthermore, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 increased remarkably in the sera of immunized mice (P<0.05). |
| 2085 | 17868957 | Furthermore, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 increased remarkably in the sera of immunized mice (P<0.05). |
| 2086 | 17785828 | After priming with IFN-gamma and stimulation with NadADelta351-405, mo-DCs strongly up-regulated maturation markers CD83, CD86, CD80, and HLA-DR, secreted moderate quantities of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8, and produced a slight, although significant, amount of IL-12p70. |
| 2087 | 17785828 | After priming with IFN-gamma and stimulation with NadADelta351-405, mo-DCs strongly up-regulated maturation markers CD83, CD86, CD80, and HLA-DR, secreted moderate quantities of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8, and produced a slight, although significant, amount of IL-12p70. |
| 2088 | 17785828 | After priming with IFN-gamma and stimulation with NadADelta351-405, mo-DCs strongly up-regulated maturation markers CD83, CD86, CD80, and HLA-DR, secreted moderate quantities of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8, and produced a slight, although significant, amount of IL-12p70. |
| 2089 | 17785828 | Costimulation of mo-DCs with NadADelta351-405 and the imidoazoquinoline drug R-848, believed to mimic bacterial RNA, increased CD86 in an additive way, but strongly synergized the secretion of IL-12p70, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MIP-1alpha, especially after IFN-gamma priming. |
| 2090 | 17785828 | Costimulation of mo-DCs with NadADelta351-405 and the imidoazoquinoline drug R-848, believed to mimic bacterial RNA, increased CD86 in an additive way, but strongly synergized the secretion of IL-12p70, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MIP-1alpha, especially after IFN-gamma priming. |
| 2091 | 17785828 | Costimulation of mo-DCs with NadADelta351-405 and the imidoazoquinoline drug R-848, believed to mimic bacterial RNA, increased CD86 in an additive way, but strongly synergized the secretion of IL-12p70, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MIP-1alpha, especially after IFN-gamma priming. |
| 2092 | 17785828 | CD86/CD80 overexpression correlated with the occupation of high-(kd approximately 80 nM) and low-(kd approximately 4 muM) affinity binding sites for NadADelta351-405. |
| 2093 | 17785828 | CD86/CD80 overexpression correlated with the occupation of high-(kd approximately 80 nM) and low-(kd approximately 4 muM) affinity binding sites for NadADelta351-405. |
| 2094 | 17785828 | CD86/CD80 overexpression correlated with the occupation of high-(kd approximately 80 nM) and low-(kd approximately 4 muM) affinity binding sites for NadADelta351-405. |
| 2095 | 17785828 | Alternatively, secretion of IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 corresponded to the occupation of high- or low-affinity receptors, respectively. |
| 2096 | 17785828 | Alternatively, secretion of IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 corresponded to the occupation of high- or low-affinity receptors, respectively. |
| 2097 | 17785828 | Alternatively, secretion of IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 corresponded to the occupation of high- or low-affinity receptors, respectively. |
| 2098 | 17785828 | Mo-DCs matured by IFN-gamma and NadADelta351-405 supported the proliferation of naive CD4+ T lymphocytes, inducing the differentiation of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing phenotypes. |
| 2099 | 17785828 | Mo-DCs matured by IFN-gamma and NadADelta351-405 supported the proliferation of naive CD4+ T lymphocytes, inducing the differentiation of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing phenotypes. |
| 2100 | 17785828 | Mo-DCs matured by IFN-gamma and NadADelta351-405 supported the proliferation of naive CD4+ T lymphocytes, inducing the differentiation of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing phenotypes. |
| 2101 | 17785784 | In this study, we show that monocyte-derived DCs pretreated with the vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid (RA) indeed acquired several attributes characteristic of mucosal DC: secretion of TGF-beta and IL-6 and the capacity to augment mucosal homing receptor expression and IgA responses in cocultured lymphocytes. |
| 2102 | 17698261 | The observed post-challenge results paralleled increasing production of IFN-gamma and IL-6, but only limited changes to proinflammatory mediators TNF-alpha or IL-1beta from BCG-stimulated splenocytes. |
| 2103 | 17641838 | Peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in vitro with GM-CSF, IL-4 for 6 days, then TNF-(the TNF-group) or TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, PGE2 (the cytokine mixture group) were added to promote maturation. |
| 2104 | 17641838 | Peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in vitro with GM-CSF, IL-4 for 6 days, then TNF-(the TNF-group) or TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, PGE2 (the cytokine mixture group) were added to promote maturation. |
| 2105 | 17641838 | Cell number was counted by hematology analyzer, and phenotype study (CD1a, CD14, CD83) was carried out by flow cytometry, and the function of DCs was examined by mixed lymphocyte reaction. |
| 2106 | 17641838 | Cell number was counted by hematology analyzer, and phenotype study (CD1a, CD14, CD83) was carried out by flow cytometry, and the function of DCs was examined by mixed lymphocyte reaction. |
| 2107 | 17641838 | The phenotypes were as follows: CD1a+ (74.65+/-4.45)%, CD83+ (39.50+/-4.16)%, CD14+ (2.90+/-1.76)% in TNF-alpha group, and CD1a+ (81.86+/-5.87)%, CD83+ (81.65+/-6.36)%, CD14+ (2.46+/-1.68)% in the cytokine mixture group. |
| 2108 | 17641838 | The phenotypes were as follows: CD1a+ (74.65+/-4.45)%, CD83+ (39.50+/-4.16)%, CD14+ (2.90+/-1.76)% in TNF-alpha group, and CD1a+ (81.86+/-5.87)%, CD83+ (81.65+/-6.36)%, CD14+ (2.46+/-1.68)% in the cytokine mixture group. |
| 2109 | 17641838 | It was concluded that leucapheresis may be a feasible way to provide large number of peripheral blood monocytes for DC generation, and combined administration of TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, and PGE2 may greatly promote maturity. |
| 2110 | 17641838 | It was concluded that leucapheresis may be a feasible way to provide large number of peripheral blood monocytes for DC generation, and combined administration of TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, and PGE2 may greatly promote maturity. |
| 2111 | 17576158 | Higher doses of lentivirus, however, resulted in upregulation of adhesion, costimulatory, and HLA molecules, as well as in increased allostimulatory capacity and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 2112 | 17576158 | Production of IL-12 p70, IL-10, and interferon-alpha was observed only at extremely high doses. |
| 2113 | 17576158 | A Toll-like receptor (TLR)-driven luciferase reporter assay showed dose-dependent activation of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR8, which was independent of the pseudotype, production, or transduction protocol and was abrogated on heat inactivation. |
| 2114 | 17563737 | PBMC were collected at 6, 9 and 15 months after transplantation and stimulated with a combination of CD2 and CD28 monoclonal antibodies, with PHA or with tetanus toxoid as recall antigen. |
| 2115 | 17563737 | A multiplex enzyme linked immunoassay was used to determine levels of Th1 cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, the regulatory cytokine IL-10 and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and the chemokine IL-8. |
| 2116 | 17563737 | Production of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 was superior to production of Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 2117 | 17505023 | Induction of a distinct CD8 Tnc17 subset by transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-6. |
| 2118 | 17505023 | Induction of a distinct CD8 Tnc17 subset by transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-6. |
| 2119 | 17505023 | Induction of a distinct CD8 Tnc17 subset by transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-6. |
| 2120 | 17505023 | Induction of a distinct CD8 Tnc17 subset by transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-6. |
| 2121 | 17505023 | Cross-talk between TGF-beta and IL-6 has been shown to direct the differentiation of CD4(+) cells into special IL-17-secreting cells, which are termed Th17 cells. |
| 2122 | 17505023 | Cross-talk between TGF-beta and IL-6 has been shown to direct the differentiation of CD4(+) cells into special IL-17-secreting cells, which are termed Th17 cells. |
| 2123 | 17505023 | Cross-talk between TGF-beta and IL-6 has been shown to direct the differentiation of CD4(+) cells into special IL-17-secreting cells, which are termed Th17 cells. |
| 2124 | 17505023 | Cross-talk between TGF-beta and IL-6 has been shown to direct the differentiation of CD4(+) cells into special IL-17-secreting cells, which are termed Th17 cells. |
| 2125 | 17505023 | In this study, we demonstrated that TGF-beta and IL-6 could stimulate CD8(+) cells to differentiate into noncytotoxic, IL-17-producing cells in MLC. |
| 2126 | 17505023 | In this study, we demonstrated that TGF-beta and IL-6 could stimulate CD8(+) cells to differentiate into noncytotoxic, IL-17-producing cells in MLC. |
| 2127 | 17505023 | In this study, we demonstrated that TGF-beta and IL-6 could stimulate CD8(+) cells to differentiate into noncytotoxic, IL-17-producing cells in MLC. |
| 2128 | 17505023 | In this study, we demonstrated that TGF-beta and IL-6 could stimulate CD8(+) cells to differentiate into noncytotoxic, IL-17-producing cells in MLC. |
| 2129 | 17505023 | These IL-17-producing CD8(+) cells exhibit a unique granzyme B(-)IFN-gamma(-)IL-10(-) phenotype. |
| 2130 | 17505023 | These IL-17-producing CD8(+) cells exhibit a unique granzyme B(-)IFN-gamma(-)IL-10(-) phenotype. |
| 2131 | 17505023 | These IL-17-producing CD8(+) cells exhibit a unique granzyme B(-)IFN-gamma(-)IL-10(-) phenotype. |
| 2132 | 17505023 | These IL-17-producing CD8(+) cells exhibit a unique granzyme B(-)IFN-gamma(-)IL-10(-) phenotype. |
| 2133 | 17505023 | The mRNA level of Th2/T cytotoxic 2 (Tc2) transcription factors GATA3 and Th1/Tc1 transcription factors T-box expressed in T cell (T-bet) as well as its target H2.O-like homeobox (Hlx) is decreased in CD8(+) cells from TGF-beta- and IL-6-treated MLC. |
| 2134 | 17505023 | The mRNA level of Th2/T cytotoxic 2 (Tc2) transcription factors GATA3 and Th1/Tc1 transcription factors T-box expressed in T cell (T-bet) as well as its target H2.O-like homeobox (Hlx) is decreased in CD8(+) cells from TGF-beta- and IL-6-treated MLC. |
| 2135 | 17505023 | The mRNA level of Th2/T cytotoxic 2 (Tc2) transcription factors GATA3 and Th1/Tc1 transcription factors T-box expressed in T cell (T-bet) as well as its target H2.O-like homeobox (Hlx) is decreased in CD8(+) cells from TGF-beta- and IL-6-treated MLC. |
| 2136 | 17505023 | The mRNA level of Th2/T cytotoxic 2 (Tc2) transcription factors GATA3 and Th1/Tc1 transcription factors T-box expressed in T cell (T-bet) as well as its target H2.O-like homeobox (Hlx) is decreased in CD8(+) cells from TGF-beta- and IL-6-treated MLC. |
| 2137 | 17505023 | In addition, these CD8(+) cells display a marked up-regulation of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-gammat, a key IL-17 transcription factor. |
| 2138 | 17505023 | In addition, these CD8(+) cells display a marked up-regulation of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-gammat, a key IL-17 transcription factor. |
| 2139 | 17505023 | In addition, these CD8(+) cells display a marked up-regulation of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-gammat, a key IL-17 transcription factor. |
| 2140 | 17505023 | In addition, these CD8(+) cells display a marked up-regulation of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-gammat, a key IL-17 transcription factor. |
| 2141 | 17505023 | These results demonstrate that the existence of an IL-17-producing CD8(+) subset belongs to neither the Tc1 nor the Tc2 subset and can be categorized as a T noncytotoxic 17 (Tnc17) subset. |
| 2142 | 17505023 | These results demonstrate that the existence of an IL-17-producing CD8(+) subset belongs to neither the Tc1 nor the Tc2 subset and can be categorized as a T noncytotoxic 17 (Tnc17) subset. |
| 2143 | 17505023 | These results demonstrate that the existence of an IL-17-producing CD8(+) subset belongs to neither the Tc1 nor the Tc2 subset and can be categorized as a T noncytotoxic 17 (Tnc17) subset. |
| 2144 | 17505023 | These results demonstrate that the existence of an IL-17-producing CD8(+) subset belongs to neither the Tc1 nor the Tc2 subset and can be categorized as a T noncytotoxic 17 (Tnc17) subset. |
| 2145 | 17485111 | In addition, we observed a concomitant down-regulation of p22(phox) and p40(phox), two components of the NADPH oxidase, in the leukocytes from infected fish. |
| 2146 | 17485111 | To investigate whether these differences may be the result of a dysregulation of cytokines expression in infected fish, we cloned several sea bass cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and three CC chemokines, and performed a detailed expression study with these and other cytokines. |
| 2147 | 17484805 | In addition, the study demonstrates that PIKA promotes the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) including up-regulation of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and CD40, and the induction of cytokines such as IL-12p70, IL-12p40 and IL-6. |
| 2148 | 17428947 | Five days after infection, these animals produced a potent, innate antiviral immune response by inducing the transcription of signature genes from the interferon (IFN) pathway with demonstrated antiviral activity, such as myxoprotein, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, phospholipid scramblase 1, and viperin. |
| 2149 | 17428947 | Unexpectedly, no up-regulation of IFN-alpha, -beta, or -gamma genes was detected. |
| 2150 | 17428947 | Transcription of the genes of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha was neither up-regulated nor down-regulated. |
| 2151 | 17420241 | When it was examined for binding to murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs), the dltA mutant exhibited 200- to 400-fold less binding than the parent but similar levels of binding were shown for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) knockout DCs and HEp-2 cells. |
| 2152 | 17420241 | LTA purified from the bacteria induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6 production from wild-type DCs but not from TLR2 knockout DCs, and the mutant LTA induced a significantly smaller amount of these two cytokines. |
| 2153 | 17400535 | Pulmonary levels of TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, MIP-1 alpha, KC, MCP-1/JE and MIP-2 cytokines were determined up to 48 hours post-infection. |
| 2154 | 17400535 | Pulmonary levels of TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, MIP-1 alpha, KC, MCP-1/JE and MIP-2 cytokines were determined up to 48 hours post-infection. |
| 2155 | 17400535 | The only cytokines showing a greater increase in vaccinated mice compare to control animals were IL-1 beta, KC and MCP-1. |
| 2156 | 17400535 | The only cytokines showing a greater increase in vaccinated mice compare to control animals were IL-1 beta, KC and MCP-1. |
| 2157 | 17400535 | Production of TNFalpha and IL-6 was lower in vaccinated animals than in controls. |
| 2158 | 17400535 | Production of TNFalpha and IL-6 was lower in vaccinated animals than in controls. |
| 2159 | 17400535 | At variance with the previous bacteria strain-induced cytokine profile, infection with the P15986 strain induced a strong inflammatory response, with a substantial increase in all the cytokine tested, which was similar in vaccinated and in naïve, control animals, except for MIP-1 alpha, which was the only mediator significantly more produced by vaccinated animals than by naïve, control mice following P15986 infection. |
| 2160 | 17400535 | At variance with the previous bacteria strain-induced cytokine profile, infection with the P15986 strain induced a strong inflammatory response, with a substantial increase in all the cytokine tested, which was similar in vaccinated and in naïve, control animals, except for MIP-1 alpha, which was the only mediator significantly more produced by vaccinated animals than by naïve, control mice following P15986 infection. |
| 2161 | 17371857 | Markedly different effects on the immune system were observed; an IS901-negative strain (WAg 207) induced significant up-regulation of cell surface activation markers (major histocompatibility complex II, CD80, and CD86) on in vitro-derived dendritic cells and induced the release of proinflammatory monokines (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in dendritic cell-macrophage cocultures following direct in vitro contact of cells with bacteria. |
| 2162 | 17369012 | Human monocyte-derived macrophages produced more tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-12 p40 following exposure to the variant, designated the activating variant (ACV). |
| 2163 | 17339357 | Supernatants were assayed for interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70), IL-10, IL-6, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), NO, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 2164 | 17339357 | Supernatants were assayed for interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70), IL-10, IL-6, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), NO, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 2165 | 17339357 | Our results indicate that the addition of MAX upregulates the cytokines associated with a type 2 response (IL-10, IL-6, and TGF-beta) but downregulates type 1 cytokines (IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha) and NO. |
| 2166 | 17339357 | Our results indicate that the addition of MAX upregulates the cytokines associated with a type 2 response (IL-10, IL-6, and TGF-beta) but downregulates type 1 cytokines (IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha) and NO. |
| 2167 | 17332250 | Functional specialization of human circulating CD16 and CD1c myeloid dendritic-cell subsets. |
| 2168 | 17332250 | Human blood contains 2 populations of dendritic cells (DCs): plasmacytoid and myeloid (mDC). mDCs are subdivided into 3 subsets using the surface markers CD16, CD1c, and BDCA-3. |
| 2169 | 17332250 | Among 31 cytokines tested, both subsets produce CXCL8 (IL-8)/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/IL-6/CCL3 (MIP-1 alpha)/CCL4 (MIP-1beta)/IL-1 beta. |
| 2170 | 17332250 | CXCL8 (IL-8) is the predominant cytokine produced by CD1c-mDCs on TLR engagement, whereas all other cytokines, particularly TNF-alpha, are secreted in 10-fold to 100-fold higher amounts by CD16-mDCs. |
| 2171 | 17332250 | CD16-mDCs cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells induce a significantly higher production of CXCL10 (IP-10), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor than CD1c-mDCs. |
| 2172 | 17332250 | In addition, interleukin-3 and type I interferons are stimuli specifically for DC maturation rather than cytokine secretion, whereas TNF-alpha is almost ineffective in inducing either function, suggesting a mechanism of T-cell-DC crosstalk and of rapid induction of antigen-presenting cell function during viral infection rather than inflammation. |
| 2173 | 17316931 | Interestingly, both viruses stimulated cytokines known to be virulence factors for DEN virus infection, such as IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MIP-1beta, and MIP-1alpha. |
| 2174 | 17301214 | In this study, we determined the efficacy of the human pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotype 3-specific antibody, A7 (immunoglobulin M [IgM]), in secretory IgM (sIgM)(-/-), CD4(-/-), CD8(-/-), muMT(-/-), and SCID mice and investigated its effect on cytokine and chemokine expression in sera and spleens from mice with intact cellular immunity. |
| 2175 | 17301214 | In this study, we determined the efficacy of the human pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotype 3-specific antibody, A7 (immunoglobulin M [IgM]), in secretory IgM (sIgM)(-/-), CD4(-/-), CD8(-/-), muMT(-/-), and SCID mice and investigated its effect on cytokine and chemokine expression in sera and spleens from mice with intact cellular immunity. |
| 2176 | 17301214 | Compared to that of an isotype control antibody, A7 administration prolonged the survival of mice of each immunodeficient strain and was associated with a significant reduction in CFU in blood, lung, and spleen samples and a significantly reduced level of keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) expression in normal and sIgM(-/-) mice. |
| 2177 | 17301214 | Compared to that of an isotype control antibody, A7 administration prolonged the survival of mice of each immunodeficient strain and was associated with a significant reduction in CFU in blood, lung, and spleen samples and a significantly reduced level of keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) expression in normal and sIgM(-/-) mice. |
| 2178 | 17301214 | Studies with mice treated with penicillin revealed similar reductions in CFU and similar levels of IL-6, KC, or MIP-2 expression in A7- and penicillin-treated mice. |
| 2179 | 17301214 | Studies with mice treated with penicillin revealed similar reductions in CFU and similar levels of IL-6, KC, or MIP-2 expression in A7- and penicillin-treated mice. |
| 2180 | 17296747 | Survival of vaccinated mice after live bacterial challenge was correlated with reduced bacterial burden, decreased pulmonary inflammation, increased serum antibody titers, and lower levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-6 in the lungs, livers, and spleens. |
| 2181 | 17296747 | Whereas NK cells were primarily responsible for the production of IFN-gamma in unvaccinated, challenged animals, vaccinated mice had increased levels of lung IFN-gamma+ CD4+ T cells after challenge. |
| 2182 | 17285289 | Vaccination with p53 peptide-pulsed dendritic cells is associated with disease stabilization in patients with p53 expressing advanced breast cancer; monitoring of serum YKL-40 and IL-6 as response biomarkers. |
| 2183 | 17285289 | Vaccination with p53 peptide-pulsed dendritic cells is associated with disease stabilization in patients with p53 expressing advanced breast cancer; monitoring of serum YKL-40 and IL-6 as response biomarkers. |
| 2184 | 17285289 | This was supported by: (1) a positive correlation between p53 expression of tumor and observed SD, (2) therapy induced p53 specific T cells in 4/7 patients with SD but only in 2/9 patients with PD, and (3) significant response associated changes in serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels identifying these biomarkers as possible candidates for monitoring of response in connection with DC based cancer immunotherapy. |
| 2185 | 17285289 | This was supported by: (1) a positive correlation between p53 expression of tumor and observed SD, (2) therapy induced p53 specific T cells in 4/7 patients with SD but only in 2/9 patients with PD, and (3) significant response associated changes in serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels identifying these biomarkers as possible candidates for monitoring of response in connection with DC based cancer immunotherapy. |
| 2186 | 17273752 | Levels of 22 cytokines consisting of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, -1beta, -2, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -10, -12, -13, -15, -17, IFN-gamma, G-CSF, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IP-10, MIP-1alpha, RANTES, eotaxin and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were assessed. |
| 2187 | 17273752 | MCP-1, eotaxin, RANTES and GM-CSF levels were significantly elevated in BCa (P<0.009) and IL-1alpha and IL-4 levels were significantly decreased in BCa (P<0.015). |
| 2188 | 17273752 | Cytokine levels were generally elevated in NN patients compared to NP patients with the exception of eotaxin and IL-13, which were increased in NP patients. |
| 2189 | 17273752 | Three cytokines, IL-6, MIP-1alpha and G-CSF reached statistical significance (P<0.05). |
| 2190 | 17273752 | In 34 vaccinated BCa, MCP-1, eotaxin and IL-13 were significantly elevated post-vaccination with MCP-1 demonstrating the most significant response (median, 145.8-217.0 pg/ml, P=0.003). |
| 2191 | 17267590 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, and neutrophil responses were earlier and more pronounced in the bolus trial compared with the infusion trial results, whereas lymphocytes increased after endotoxin bolus injection as well as infusion without any difference between groups. |
| 2192 | 17255244 | In CYD-infected DCs, we observed an up-regulation of HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, and CD83. |
| 2193 | 17255244 | In CYD-infected DCs, we observed an up-regulation of HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, and CD83. |
| 2194 | 17255244 | Cells exposed to CYD secreted type I interferons, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)/CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and low amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but no IL-10, IL-12, or IL-1alpha. |
| 2195 | 17255244 | Cells exposed to CYD secreted type I interferons, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)/CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and low amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but no IL-10, IL-12, or IL-1alpha. |
| 2196 | 17255244 | Parental dengue viruses induced a similar array of cytokines, but more TNF-alpha, less IL-6, and less MCP-1/CCL-2 than induced by CYD. |
| 2197 | 17255244 | Parental dengue viruses induced a similar array of cytokines, but more TNF-alpha, less IL-6, and less MCP-1/CCL-2 than induced by CYD. |
| 2198 | 17242058 | The levels of gamma interferon, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha, KC, interferon-inducible protein 10, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 were elevated from day 2 postinoculation onward. |
| 2199 | 17240920 | We have developed two novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines; a DNA vaccine combination expressing mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (HSP 65) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) by using the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome (HSP 65 + IL-12/HVJ). |
| 2200 | 17240920 | A mouse IL-12 expression vector (mIL-12 DNA) encoding single-chain IL-12 proteins comorised of p40 and p35 subunits were constructed. |
| 2201 | 17240920 | In a mouse model, a single gene gun vaccination with the combination of HSP 65 DNA and mIL-12 DNA provided a remarkably high degree of protection against challenge with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis; bacterial numbers were 100 fold lower in the lungs compared to BCG-vaccinated mice. |
| 2202 | 17240920 | To explore the clinical use of the DNA vaccines, we evaluated HVJ-liposome encapsulated HAP 65 DNA and mIL-12 DNA (HSP 65 + mIL-12/ HVJ). |
| 2203 | 17240920 | HSP 65 + IL-12/HVJ vaccine induced CD8+cytoxic T lymphocyte activity against HSP 65 antigen. |
| 2204 | 17240920 | Protective efficacy of this vaccine was associated with the emergence of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells and activation of proliferative T cells as well as CTL induction upon stimulation with the HSP 65 and antigens from M. tuberculosis. |
| 2205 | 17240920 | Furthermore, we extended our studies to a cynomolgus monkey model, which is currently the best animal model of human tuberculosis, to evaluate the HSP 65 + IL-12/HVJ vaccine. |
| 2206 | 17240920 | Vaccination with HSP 65 + IL-12/HVJ provided better protective efficacy as assessed by the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, chest X-ray findings, and immune responses than BCG. |
| 2207 | 17240920 | Most importantly, HSP 65 + IL-12/HVJ resulted in an increased survival for over a year. |
| 2208 | 17240920 | Genes (HSP 65 gene, IL-12 gene as well as Ag 85A-, 85B-, MPB51-gene) and IL-6 related genes (IL-6 gene + IL-6R gene +gp130 gene) were administered into the Balb/c mice infected (i.v. or intra-tracheal injection) with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). |
| 2209 | 17240920 | HSP 65 gene + IL-12 gene vaccination, or recombinant BCG (BA51 : Antigen 85B(-) + Antigen 85A(-) + MPB51-gene recombinant BCG) were more prophylactically efficient than parental BCG Tokyo vaccination. |
| 2210 | 17240920 | In conclusion, we demonstrate the development of a novel HVJ-liposome DNA vaccine encapsulating HSP 65 DNA plus IL-12 DNA. |
| 2211 | 17240920 | These results suggest that HSP 65 + IL-12/HVJ could be a promising candidate for a new tuberculosis DNA vaccine, which is superior to the currently available BCG vaccine. |
| 2212 | 17240920 | More recently, we evaluated the HSP 65 + hIL-12/HVJ vaccine in the cynomolgus monkey model, which is currently the best non-human primate animal model of human tuberculosis. |
| 2213 | 17240920 | In this particular experiment, monkeys vaccinated with HSP 65 + hIL-12/HVJ induced HSP 65-specific T-cell proliferation and improvement of chest X-P findings, resulting in an increased survival for over a year, superior to BCG group. |
| 2214 | 17235318 | Moreover, Ad5:CaPi-treated DCs were activated to express the maturation surface molecules CD40 and CD86, and to secrete proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6. |
| 2215 | 17235318 | Ad5:CaPi also transduced human DC more efficiently than Ad5 alone, similar to a genetically modified vector (Ad5f35) targeted to the CD46 receptor. |
| 2216 | 17230439 | Although phosphoantigen activated immediately a strong release of systemic Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha), it further anergized blood gammadelta T lymphocytes selectively. |
| 2217 | 17223981 | In order to study further the capacity of VSSP to elicit innate immune responses, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes derived thereof were assessed for in vitro secretion of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 2218 | 17223981 | In order to study further the capacity of VSSP to elicit innate immune responses, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes derived thereof were assessed for in vitro secretion of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 2219 | 17223981 | IL-12 p40 (but no p70) was also detected. |
| 2220 | 17223981 | IL-12 p40 (but no p70) was also detected. |
| 2221 | 17223981 | VSSP also induced DC maturation and a cytokine secretion pattern (high IL-6/low IL-10) which differs from that induced by LPS. |
| 2222 | 17223981 | VSSP also induced DC maturation and a cytokine secretion pattern (high IL-6/low IL-10) which differs from that induced by LPS. |
| 2223 | 17223980 | In this study, we investigated human CC- [macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and eosinophil chemoattractant activity (eotaxin)] and CXC-interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10 chemokine production in response to BCG stimulation. |
| 2224 | 17223980 | Although BCG induced no or marginal chemokines from urothelial SV-HUC-1, RT4 and T24 cells, BCG-derived cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] induced all chemokines tested except eotaxin from these cell lines. |
| 2225 | 17223980 | MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha emerged at 4-5 h post-BCG exposure (early chemokines); IP-10 elevated at day 1 and peaked at day 2 (intermediate chemokine); and MDC elevated at day 1 and peaked at day 7 (late chemokine). |
| 2226 | 17223980 | This kinetic pattern was paralleled with that of BCG-induced cytokines [early: TNF-alpha; intermediate: IL-6 and IL-10; and late: IFN-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)]. |
| 2227 | 17223146 | The titre of IgG and IgG1/IgG2 isotype to SPML vaccine in serum, the proliferation of lymphocytes, SPML-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-4 production of PBMCs in vitro and IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10 in piglets serum were examined to identify the immune responses of the piglets. |
| 2228 | 17220311 | Here, we analyze the phenotypic and functional outcomes of MBP-treated dendritic cells (DCs) and show that MBP induces DC activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-12p70) within 24 h and strongly increases Ikappabeta phosphorylation in treated cells. |
| 2229 | 17220311 | Consistent with this hypothesis, MBP activated the TLR4-expressing cell line 293-hTLR4A but not control cultures to secrete IL-8. |
| 2230 | 17202359 | Using flow cytometry to assess TLR-induced cytokine production, we observed a substantial, highly significant defect in TLR1/2-induced TNF-alpha (p = 0.0003) and IL-6 (p < 0.0001) production, in older adults compared with young controls. |
| 2231 | 17202359 | Using flow cytometry to assess TLR-induced cytokine production, we observed a substantial, highly significant defect in TLR1/2-induced TNF-alpha (p = 0.0003) and IL-6 (p < 0.0001) production, in older adults compared with young controls. |
| 2232 | 17202359 | Production of IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-alpha (p = 0.003) after stimulation by N-palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2R,S)-propyl]-Cys-[S]-Ser1-[S]-Lys(4) trihydrochloride was strongly associated with TLR1 surface expression. |
| 2233 | 17202359 | Production of IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-alpha (p = 0.003) after stimulation by N-palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2R,S)-propyl]-Cys-[S]-Ser1-[S]-Lys(4) trihydrochloride was strongly associated with TLR1 surface expression. |
| 2234 | 17198083 | DC pulsed with P. carinii did not demonstrate increased expression of the cell surface markers MHC II, CD40, CD54, CD80 (B7.1), and CD86 (B7.2). |
| 2235 | 17198083 | The release of interleukin (IL)-4 was increased, but there was no increase in the release of interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and nitrite compared with naive DC. |
| 2236 | 17198083 | In vivo administration of DC pulsed with P. carinii induced a P. carinii-specific response, generating CD4+ cells that proliferated and released IL-4, but not interferon-gamma, in response to P. carinii-pulsed DC in vitro. |
| 2237 | 17198082 | Defining the ability of cyclophosphamide preconditioning to enhance the antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell response to peptide vaccination: creation of a beneficial host microenvironment involving type I IFNs and myeloid cells. |
| 2238 | 17198082 | CTX therapy increased the relative number and activation status of myeloid dendritic cells, and was associated with the induction of significant levels of the inflammatory cytokines interferon-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IL-6. |
| 2239 | 17198082 | CTX decreased the absolute, but not relative number of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells, consistent with the possibility that regulatory T cells may be targeted by CTX therapy. |
| 2240 | 17143781 | Of the genes tested, 21 genes (IRF-1, IFN 1-2 promoter, IFNAR-1, IRF-10, IFN-gamma, 2',5'-OAS, IAP-1, caspase 8, TRAIL-like, STAT-3, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-3 alpha, MHC-I, MHC-II, TVB, GLVR-1, OTF, IL-13R alpha, ST3GAL-VI and PGK) showed an increased expression. |
| 2241 | 17143781 | The remaining seven genes (IFNAR-2, IFN-alpha, NF-kappaB subunit p65, BLRcp38, DDX1, G6PDH and UB) showed a constant expression or only slight alteration. |
| 2242 | 17142789 | Synergism between CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides and IL-2 causes dramatic enhancement of vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 2243 | 17142789 | When we administered therapeutic vaccines containing the MHC class I-presented self-peptide tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2(180-188) and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) to mice, growth of the TRP-2-expressing B16F1 melanoma was not inhibited compared with growth in mice that received control vaccinations. |
| 2244 | 17142789 | When we added systemic IL-2 to the TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines, growth of B16F1 was inhibited in a CD8-dependent, epitope-specific manner. |
| 2245 | 17142789 | The antitumor efficacy of the different regimens correlated with their ability to elicit TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 2246 | 17142789 | When we administered TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines with systemic IL-2, 18.2% of CD8+ T cells were specific for TRP-2(180-188). |
| 2247 | 17142789 | Identical TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN vaccines given without IL-2 elicited a TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cell response of only 1.1% of CD8+ T cells. |
| 2248 | 17142789 | Vaccines containing TRP-2(180-188) without CpG ODN elicited TRP-2(180-188)-specific responses of 2.8% of CD8+ T cells when administered with IL-2. |
| 2249 | 17142789 | There was up to a 221-fold increase in the absolute number of TRP-2(180-188)-specific CD8+ T cells when IL-2 was added to TRP-2(180-188) plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines. |
| 2250 | 17142789 | Peptide plus CpG ODN vaccines administered with IL-2 generated epitope-specific CD8+ T cells by a mechanism that depended on endogenous IL-6. |
| 2251 | 17142751 | We have shown that the CpG-C ISS-ODN C274 stimulates macaque blood dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells and augments SIV-specific IFN-gamma responses in vitro. |
| 2252 | 17142751 | This was particularly apparent at the level of CD80 (less so CD86) expression by CD123(+) plasmacytoid DCs and was further boosted in the presence of additional C274 in vitro. |
| 2253 | 17142751 | This was more pronounced when cells were exposed to additional stimuli in vitro, producing IFN-alpha, IL-3, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL8. |
| 2254 | 17142751 | Elevated IFN-alpha, CCL2, and CCL5 were also detected in the plasma after C274 injection. |
| 2255 | 17130156 | Peripheral blood cells internalized pro-D ODN efficiently, inducing high levels of IFNalpha, IL-6, IFNgamma and IP-10 and triggering dendritic cell maturation. |
| 2256 | 17109471 | The addition of CpG to the live vaccine resulted in early activation of dermal dendritic cells and increased IL-6 production, as well as in a reduction in the accumulation of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (T(reg)) cells that naturally occurs in the skin following Leishmania infection. |
| 2257 | 17106649 | Flow cytometric analyses showed that TGF-beta2 does not suppress the upregulation of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II molecules and the T cell stimulatory capacity of human DC that were stimulated with a strong cytokine cocktail containing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1beta, IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). |
| 2258 | 17106649 | Although both mature and immature DC expressed comparable amounts of the TGF-beta receptor type II, Smad2 phosphorylation and subsequent upregulation of Smad7 was inhibited in mature DC, but not immature DC. |
| 2259 | 17106649 | However, further analysis revealed that mature DC alone are not sufficient to mediate full T cell activation in the presence of TGF-beta2, unless IL-12 is added to the DC/T-cell coculture. |
| 2260 | 17106649 | Finally, we demonstrate that MHC class II expression and IL-12 secretion by DC are not disturbed by TGF-beta2 after DC stimulation with a modified maturation cocktail containing the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-ligands Poly I:C or R848, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and INF-gamma. |
| 2261 | 17089915 | Statistically significant differences between patients and controls were found in the levels of IgA, C4 component of complement, CRP and IL-6, the production of Th1 cytokines in stimulated CD3 cells and the E. coli stimulatory index. |
| 2262 | 17089915 | Statistically significant differences between patients and controls were found in the levels of IgA, C4 component of complement, CRP and IL-6, the production of Th1 cytokines in stimulated CD3 cells and the E. coli stimulatory index. |
| 2263 | 17089915 | The analysis of the interrelationship between the results obtained in the individual patients presented some unexpected findings, such as the lack of correlation between the CRP and IL-6 levels. |
| 2264 | 17089915 | The analysis of the interrelationship between the results obtained in the individual patients presented some unexpected findings, such as the lack of correlation between the CRP and IL-6 levels. |
| 2265 | 17087061 | The parameters of specific humoral (IgG and IgM) and cellular (gamma-interferon (IFN) and cell proliferation) immunities and the activity of cytokines (necrosis tumor factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12) were studied. |
| 2266 | 17087061 | The parameters of specific humoral (IgG and IgM) and cellular (gamma-interferon (IFN) and cell proliferation) immunities and the activity of cytokines (necrosis tumor factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12) were studied. |
| 2267 | 17087061 | Noteworthy is the difference in the time course of changes in the levels of IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, and gamma-IFN in the immunized and non-immunized animals. |
| 2268 | 17087061 | Noteworthy is the difference in the time course of changes in the levels of IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, and gamma-IFN in the immunized and non-immunized animals. |
| 2269 | 17086102 | The residue 129 polymorphism was also associated with distinct patterns of cytokine response: PrP 128-141 [129M] inducing IL-4 and IL-6 production, which was not seen in response to PrP 128-141 [129V]. |
| 2270 | 17079650 | Thimerosal, in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited the secretion of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p70 from human monocyte-derived DC. |
| 2271 | 17079650 | Thimerosal, in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited the secretion of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p70 from human monocyte-derived DC. |
| 2272 | 17079650 | These thimerosal-exposed DC induced increased TH2 (IL-5 and IL-13) and decreased TH1 (IFN-gamma) cytokine secretion from the T cells in the absence of additional thimerosal added to the coculture. |
| 2273 | 17079650 | These thimerosal-exposed DC induced increased TH2 (IL-5 and IL-13) and decreased TH1 (IFN-gamma) cytokine secretion from the T cells in the absence of additional thimerosal added to the coculture. |
| 2274 | 17079650 | Thimerosal exposure of DC led to the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), and addition of exogenous GSH to DC abolished the TH2-promoting effect of thimerosal-treated DC, restoring secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p70 by DC and IFN-gamma secretion by T cells. |
| 2275 | 17079650 | Thimerosal exposure of DC led to the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), and addition of exogenous GSH to DC abolished the TH2-promoting effect of thimerosal-treated DC, restoring secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p70 by DC and IFN-gamma secretion by T cells. |
| 2276 | 17070626 | Compared to unvaccinated infected chickens, vaccinated protected birds had lower expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-18 genes in spleen. |
| 2277 | 17070626 | However, there was no difference between these two groups of birds in the expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4, IL-12 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes on day 21 post-infection. |
| 2278 | 17048271 | BM-derived macrophages and DC displayed enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD86) and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-12p40) and nitric oxide after infection. |
| 2279 | 17034859 | The content of IgG, IgA, IgM, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and specific antibody titer as well as the number of immunocompetent cells were systematically analyzed in the vaccinated mice. |
| 2280 | 17028215 | Induction of long-term lipopolysaccharide tolerance by an agonistic monoclonal antibody to the toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex. |
| 2281 | 17028215 | Induction of long-term lipopolysaccharide tolerance by an agonistic monoclonal antibody to the toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex. |
| 2282 | 17028215 | Induction of long-term lipopolysaccharide tolerance by an agonistic monoclonal antibody to the toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex. |
| 2283 | 17028215 | We have established an agonistic monoclonal antibody, UT12, that induces stimulatory signals comparable to those induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through Toll-like receptor 4 and MD-2. |
| 2284 | 17028215 | We have established an agonistic monoclonal antibody, UT12, that induces stimulatory signals comparable to those induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through Toll-like receptor 4 and MD-2. |
| 2285 | 17028215 | We have established an agonistic monoclonal antibody, UT12, that induces stimulatory signals comparable to those induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through Toll-like receptor 4 and MD-2. |
| 2286 | 17028215 | UT12 activated nuclear factor kappaB and induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in peritoneal exudative cells. |
| 2287 | 17028215 | UT12 activated nuclear factor kappaB and induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in peritoneal exudative cells. |
| 2288 | 17028215 | UT12 activated nuclear factor kappaB and induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in peritoneal exudative cells. |
| 2289 | 17028215 | In addition, mice injected with UT12 rapidly fell into endotoxin shock concomitant with the augmentation of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels, followed by death within 12 h. |
| 2290 | 17028215 | In addition, mice injected with UT12 rapidly fell into endotoxin shock concomitant with the augmentation of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels, followed by death within 12 h. |
| 2291 | 17028215 | In addition, mice injected with UT12 rapidly fell into endotoxin shock concomitant with the augmentation of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels, followed by death within 12 h. |
| 2292 | 17028215 | On the other hand, when the mice were pretreated with a sublethal dose of UT12, the mice survived the subsequent lethal LPS challenges, with significant suppression of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6, indicating that UT12 induced tolerance against LPS. |
| 2293 | 17028215 | On the other hand, when the mice were pretreated with a sublethal dose of UT12, the mice survived the subsequent lethal LPS challenges, with significant suppression of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6, indicating that UT12 induced tolerance against LPS. |
| 2294 | 17028215 | On the other hand, when the mice were pretreated with a sublethal dose of UT12, the mice survived the subsequent lethal LPS challenges, with significant suppression of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6, indicating that UT12 induced tolerance against LPS. |
| 2295 | 17028215 | These results illuminate a novel potential therapeutic strategy for endotoxin shock by the use of monoclonal antibodies against the Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex. |
| 2296 | 17028215 | These results illuminate a novel potential therapeutic strategy for endotoxin shock by the use of monoclonal antibodies against the Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex. |
| 2297 | 17028215 | These results illuminate a novel potential therapeutic strategy for endotoxin shock by the use of monoclonal antibodies against the Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex. |
| 2298 | 16988256 | Because it is known that SOCS are induced by IL-10 and that B. burgdorferi and its lipoproteins most likely interact via TLR2 or the heterodimers TLR2/1 and/or TLR2/6, we hypothesized that SOCS are induced by IL-10 and B. burgdorferi and its lipoproteins in macrophages and that SOCS may mediate the inhibition by IL-10 of concomitantly elicited cytokines. |
| 2299 | 16988256 | We report here that mouse J774 macrophages incubated with IL-10 and added B. burgdorferi spirochetes (freeze-thawed, live, or sonicated) or lipidated outer surface protein A (L-OspA) augmented their SOCS1/SOCS3 mRNA and protein expression, with SOCS3 being more abundant. |
| 2300 | 16988256 | Pam(3)Cys, a synthetic lipopeptide, also induced SOCS1/SOCS3 expression under these conditions, but unlipidated OspA was ineffective. |
| 2301 | 16988256 | Neither endogenous IL-10 nor the translation inhibitor cycloheximide blocked SOCS1/SOCS3 induction by B. burgdorferi and its lipoproteins, indicating that the expression of other genes is not required. |
| 2302 | 16988256 | This temporally correlated with the IL-10-mediated inhibition of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. |
| 2303 | 16988256 | Our data are evidence to suggest that expression of SOCS is part of the mechanism of IL-10-mediated inhibition of inflammatory cytokines elicited by B. burgdorferi and its lipoproteins. |
| 2304 | 16988248 | Elevated background levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (37.1 pg/ml versus 10.9 pg/ml [P = 0.04]), IL-4 (27.7 pg/ml versus 6.9 pg/ml [P = 0.02]), IL-10 (18.2 pg/ml versus 7.2 pg/ml [P < 0.001]), and gamma interferon (18.2 pg/ml versus 4.7 pg/ml [P = 0.006]) were noted in Sch(+) children compared to Sch(-) children without malaria. |
| 2305 | 16988248 | Elevated background levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (37.1 pg/ml versus 10.9 pg/ml [P = 0.04]), IL-4 (27.7 pg/ml versus 6.9 pg/ml [P = 0.02]), IL-10 (18.2 pg/ml versus 7.2 pg/ml [P < 0.001]), and gamma interferon (18.2 pg/ml versus 4.7 pg/ml [P = 0.006]) were noted in Sch(+) children compared to Sch(-) children without malaria. |
| 2306 | 16988248 | IL-6 and IL-10 levels were elevated in association with acute malaria, but the levels appeared to be blunted in Sch(+) children compared to Sch(-) children who were 4 to 8 years old (for IL-6, 96.2 pg/ml versus 137.2 pg/ml [P = 0.08]; for IL-10, 195.9 pg/ml versus 282.2 pg/ml [P = 0.06]). |
| 2307 | 16988248 | IL-6 and IL-10 levels were elevated in association with acute malaria, but the levels appeared to be blunted in Sch(+) children compared to Sch(-) children who were 4 to 8 years old (for IL-6, 96.2 pg/ml versus 137.2 pg/ml [P = 0.08]; for IL-10, 195.9 pg/ml versus 282.2 pg/ml [P = 0.06]). |
| 2308 | 16987066 | Our data indicate that 80% of the tumors expressed low levels of CD4 mRNA, with all of them expressing higher CD8 mRNA levels. |
| 2309 | 16987066 | Most tumors expressed interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 mRNAs and, most importantly, all of them expressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and interferon gamma mRNA. |
| 2310 | 16987066 | None of the tumors studied expressed IL-12, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA. |
| 2311 | 16982827 | Spleen cells from mice immunized with ACV plus CyaA* secreted larger amounts of interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-6, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) than did cells from mice immunized with ACV plus CyaA or ACV alone after stimulation in vitro with a mixture of B. pertussis antigens. |
| 2312 | 16982827 | Spleen cells from mice immunized with ACV plus CyaA* also secreted larger amounts of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF than did cells from mice immunized with CyaA* alone after stimulation in vitro with CyaA*. |
| 2313 | 16971487 | Here, we describe an approach to enhance immunogenicity that involves the activation of NF-kappaB by the transgenic expression of an intracellular signaling molecule, NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK). |
| 2314 | 16971487 | In vitro, NIK increases dendritic cell antigen presentation in allogeneic and antigen-specific T cell proliferation assays by potently activating NF-kappaB and consequently up-regulating the expression of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18), chemokines [IL-8, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-3], MHC antigen-presenting molecules (class I and II), and costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86). |
| 2315 | 16971487 | In vivo, NIK enhances immune responses against a vector-encoded antigen and shifts them toward a T helper 1 immune response with increased IgG2a levels, T cell proliferation, IFN-gamma production, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses more potently than complete Freund's adjuvant, a very efficacious T helper 1-inducing adjuvant. |
| 2316 | 16971487 | These findings define NIK, and possibly other inducers of NF-kappaB activation, as a potent adjuvant strategy that offers great potential for genetic vaccine development. |
| 2317 | 16968412 | Transwell assays indicated that the maximal PEC cytotoxicity required both direct cell-cell contact and soluble factors such as interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. |
| 2318 | 16968412 | Neutralizing endogenous cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, IL-18, IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha reduced PEC cytotoxicity by 38%, 22%, 15% and 94%, respectively. |
| 2319 | 16968412 | Compared with control BCG for PEC stimulation, rBCGs expressing IL-2 or IL-18 showed enhanced MBT-2 cell killing by PECs. |
| 2320 | 16968412 | Increased cytokine production (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-6) was also observed in rBCG-stimulated PEC cultures. |
| 2321 | 16966494 | This report demonstrates that the B box domain induces phenotypic maturation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) as evidenced by increased CD86, CD40 and MHC-II expression. |
| 2322 | 16966494 | This report demonstrates that the B box domain induces phenotypic maturation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) as evidenced by increased CD86, CD40 and MHC-II expression. |
| 2323 | 16966494 | The B box domain enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines: IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-8, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not IL-6 and IL-10. |
| 2324 | 16966494 | The B box domain enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines: IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-8, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not IL-6 and IL-10. |
| 2325 | 16966494 | Furthermore, four peptides whose sequences correspond to different regions of HMGB1 induced production of IL-1beta, IL-2 and IL-12 (p70), but not IL-10 and IL-6 in mouse BM-DCs. |
| 2326 | 16966494 | Furthermore, four peptides whose sequences correspond to different regions of HMGB1 induced production of IL-1beta, IL-2 and IL-12 (p70), but not IL-10 and IL-6 in mouse BM-DCs. |
| 2327 | 16966494 | Interestingly, these peptides differed in their capacity to induce TNF-alpha, IL-5, IL-18 and IL-8. |
| 2328 | 16966494 | Interestingly, these peptides differed in their capacity to induce TNF-alpha, IL-5, IL-18 and IL-8. |
| 2329 | 16945454 | Salviae co-administration significantly enhanced IFN-gamma and IL-2 cytokine producing splenocytes while ginseng induced high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine producing cells after challenge infection. |
| 2330 | 16945454 | Salviae co-administration significantly enhanced IFN-gamma and IL-2 cytokine producing splenocytes while ginseng induced high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine producing cells after challenge infection. |
| 2331 | 16945454 | Cells expressing an early activation marker CD69 and levels of a pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were highly elevated in lungs from naïve mice during challenge virus infection, which might be a mechanism in lung inflammation leading to death. |
| 2332 | 16945454 | Cells expressing an early activation marker CD69 and levels of a pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were highly elevated in lungs from naïve mice during challenge virus infection, which might be a mechanism in lung inflammation leading to death. |
| 2333 | 16945454 | In contrast, immunized mice that were co-administered ginseng or Salviae modulated CD69 expressing immune cells, did not produce IL-6, and showed significant enhancement of influenza virus specific IgA antibody in lungs after challenge virus infection. |
| 2334 | 16945454 | In contrast, immunized mice that were co-administered ginseng or Salviae modulated CD69 expressing immune cells, did not produce IL-6, and showed significant enhancement of influenza virus specific IgA antibody in lungs after challenge virus infection. |
| 2335 | 16938461 | The genes investigated were those that code for interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1R, IL-1RA, IL-4RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 2336 | 16938461 | Analyses of the data identified TGF-beta codon 25 GG (92.85% vs. 64.44%, p=0.04, OR=7.17), IL-4 -1098 GG (16.6% vs. 0.0%, p=0.05, OR=18.33), IL-10 -1082 GG (28.5% vs. 6.8%, p=0.05, OR=5.47), and IL-10 -1082 GCC/GCC (28.57% vs. 4.5%, p=0.025, OR=8.4) polymorphisms as risk factors for progression of bladder cancer. |
| 2337 | 16926428 | Increased levels of IFN-gamma, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were detected in the sera of immunocompetent mice in response to infection, and splenic mRNA expression of IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-12p35, and IL-27 was elevated 24 h postinfection. |
| 2338 | 16926428 | The effects of IL-18, IL-27, and IL-12 on stimulation of the rapid IFN-gamma production were investigated in vitro by analyzing IFN-gamma production in the presence of heat-killed B. mallei. |
| 2339 | 16926428 | IL-12 was essential for IFN-gamma production in vitro; IL-18 was also involved in induction of IFN-gamma, but IL-27 was not required for IFN-gamma production in response to heat-killed B. mallei. |
| 2340 | 16926428 | The main cellular sources of IFN-gamma were identified in vitro as NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and TCRgammadelta T cells. |
| 2341 | 16920494 | The role of TLRs during infection with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been evaluated for TLR2 and TLR4 only. |
| 2342 | 16920494 | The role of TLRs during infection with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been evaluated for TLR2 and TLR4 only. |
| 2343 | 16920494 | To identify the set of TLRs involved in the recognition of BCG, we infected bone marrow-derived macrophages and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (Flt3-ligand generated DCs) from TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, MyD88 knockout, TLR2/4 and TLR2/4/9 multiple knockout mice. |
| 2344 | 16920494 | To identify the set of TLRs involved in the recognition of BCG, we infected bone marrow-derived macrophages and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (Flt3-ligand generated DCs) from TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, MyD88 knockout, TLR2/4 and TLR2/4/9 multiple knockout mice. |
| 2345 | 16920494 | The degree of activation and stimulation was determined by TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-12p40 ELISA. |
| 2346 | 16920494 | The degree of activation and stimulation was determined by TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-12p40 ELISA. |
| 2347 | 16920494 | Both macrophages and DCs produce markedly decreased amounts of TNFalpha and IL-6 in the absence of TLR2 whereas no significant reduction could be observed for TLR3, 4, 7, 9 single TLR-knockouts. |
| 2348 | 16920494 | Both macrophages and DCs produce markedly decreased amounts of TNFalpha and IL-6 in the absence of TLR2 whereas no significant reduction could be observed for TLR3, 4, 7, 9 single TLR-knockouts. |
| 2349 | 16920494 | Similarly, up-regulation of CD86 is abolished only in TLR2/4/9-deficient DCs supporting a role of TLR9 in the recognition of M. bovis BCG by murine dendritic cells. |
| 2350 | 16920494 | Similarly, up-regulation of CD86 is abolished only in TLR2/4/9-deficient DCs supporting a role of TLR9 in the recognition of M. bovis BCG by murine dendritic cells. |
| 2351 | 16889876 | Important features for their efficacy include high migratory responsiveness to lymph node-chemokines and most likely their ability to produce bioactive IL-12 p70 upon subsequent contact with CD40 ligand-expressing T-cells. |
| 2352 | 16889876 | The current standard DC-maturation cocktail for clinical trials is inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6) combined with prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), inducing phenotypically mature MoDCs with high migratory responsiveness to CCR7 ligands. |
| 2353 | 16889876 | This cocktail does not, however, induce or prime for production of IL-12 p70. |
| 2354 | 16889876 | Addition of IFN-gamma to PGE(2)-containing maturation cocktails has been shown to prime for substantial production of IL-12 p70 by subsequent CD40 ligation, but the impact of IFN-gamma on phenotypic maturation and migratory responsiveness induced by PGE(2)-containing inflammatory stimuli still remains elusive. |
| 2355 | 16889876 | Here, we demonstrate that addition of IFN-gamma to the standard maturation cocktail decreased CCR7 mRNA and down-regulated CCR7 expression on MoDCs in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 2356 | 16889876 | Moreover, addition of IFN-gamma was found to suppress MoDC-migration towards the CCR7-ligands CCL19 and CCL21. |
| 2357 | 16878499 | The maximum increase in IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma in the blood was observed in 4 hours after administration of immunomodulators (p < 0.001). |
| 2358 | 16849509 | Remarkably, newborn blood plasma confers substantially reduced BLP-induced monocyte synthesis of TNF-alpha, while preserving IL-6 synthesis, reflecting the presence in neonatal blood plasma of a soluble, low molecular mass inhibitory factor (<10 kDa) that we identify as adenosine, an endogenous purine metabolite with immunomodulatory properties. |
| 2359 | 16849509 | Remarkably, newborn blood plasma confers substantially reduced BLP-induced monocyte synthesis of TNF-alpha, while preserving IL-6 synthesis, reflecting the presence in neonatal blood plasma of a soluble, low molecular mass inhibitory factor (<10 kDa) that we identify as adenosine, an endogenous purine metabolite with immunomodulatory properties. |
| 2360 | 16849509 | Selective inhibition of neonatal TNF-alpha production is due to the distinct neonatal adenosine system, including relatively high adenosine concentrations in neonatal blood plasma and heightened sensitivity of neonatal mononuclear cells to adenosine A3 receptor-mediated accumulation of cAMP, a second messenger that inhibits TLR-mediated TNF-alpha synthesis but preserves IL-6 production. |
| 2361 | 16849509 | Selective inhibition of neonatal TNF-alpha production is due to the distinct neonatal adenosine system, including relatively high adenosine concentrations in neonatal blood plasma and heightened sensitivity of neonatal mononuclear cells to adenosine A3 receptor-mediated accumulation of cAMP, a second messenger that inhibits TLR-mediated TNF-alpha synthesis but preserves IL-6 production. |
| 2362 | 16835063 | Transcriptional and immunocytochemical analyses show that murine myeloid immature DCs (IDCs) and mature DCs (MDCs) express inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ channels, known targets of THI. |
| 2363 | 16835063 | IDCs express the RyR1 isoform in a punctate distribution that is densest near plasma membranes and within dendritic processes, whereas IP3Rs are more generally distributed. |
| 2364 | 16835063 | THI and Ry, in combination, produced additive effects leading to uncoupling of IP3R and RyR1 signals. |
| 2365 | 16835063 | THI altered ATP-mediated interleukin-6 secretion, initially enhancing the rate of cytokine secretion but suppressing cytokine secretion overall in DCs.DCs are exquisitely sensitive to THI, with one mechanism involving the uncoupling of positive and negative regulation of Ca2+ signals contributed by RyR1. |
| 2366 | 16771860 | Here we report for the first time that CD45-/- bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC) are more activated than CD45+/+ cells and that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by BMDC and splenic dendritic cells (sDC), is increased following stimulation via Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR9. |
| 2367 | 16771860 | Here we report for the first time that CD45-/- bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC) are more activated than CD45+/+ cells and that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by BMDC and splenic dendritic cells (sDC), is increased following stimulation via Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR9. |
| 2368 | 16771860 | Nuclear factor-kappaB activation, an important downstream consequence of TLR3 and TLR9 signalling, is also increased in CD45-/- BMDC. |
| 2369 | 16771860 | Nuclear factor-kappaB activation, an important downstream consequence of TLR3 and TLR9 signalling, is also increased in CD45-/- BMDC. |
| 2370 | 16771860 | BMDC of CD45-/- mice also produce more TNF and IL-6 following stimulation with the cytokines TNF and interferon-alpha. |
| 2371 | 16771860 | BMDC of CD45-/- mice also produce more TNF and IL-6 following stimulation with the cytokines TNF and interferon-alpha. |
| 2372 | 16756175 | The generation of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-gamma was investigated in the lung homogenates in the early periods after intranasal infection of mice with A/Leningrad/134/57 (H2N2) wild-type virus and cold-adapted attenuated vaccine viruses: A/Leningrad/134/17157 (H2N2) and A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2). |
| 2373 | 16756175 | The generation of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-gamma was investigated in the lung homogenates in the early periods after intranasal infection of mice with A/Leningrad/134/57 (H2N2) wild-type virus and cold-adapted attenuated vaccine viruses: A/Leningrad/134/17157 (H2N2) and A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2). |
| 2374 | 16756175 | The generation of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-gamma was investigated in the lung homogenates in the early periods after intranasal infection of mice with A/Leningrad/134/57 (H2N2) wild-type virus and cold-adapted attenuated vaccine viruses: A/Leningrad/134/17157 (H2N2) and A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2). |
| 2375 | 16756175 | Wild-type virus induced substantially higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines: TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-gamma. |
| 2376 | 16756175 | Wild-type virus induced substantially higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines: TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-gamma. |
| 2377 | 16756175 | Wild-type virus induced substantially higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines: TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-gamma. |
| 2378 | 16756175 | The A/Leningrad/134/47/57 virus was marked by a noticeable production of IL-6 and IFN-gamma in the murine lung, but it was less than with wild-type virus infection. |
| 2379 | 16756175 | The A/Leningrad/134/47/57 virus was marked by a noticeable production of IL-6 and IFN-gamma in the murine lung, but it was less than with wild-type virus infection. |
| 2380 | 16756175 | The A/Leningrad/134/47/57 virus was marked by a noticeable production of IL-6 and IFN-gamma in the murine lung, but it was less than with wild-type virus infection. |
| 2381 | 16756175 | At the same time, the more attenuated strain A/Leningrad/134/47/57 induced TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in the quantities similar to those in the control animals. |
| 2382 | 16756175 | At the same time, the more attenuated strain A/Leningrad/134/47/57 induced TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in the quantities similar to those in the control animals. |
| 2383 | 16756175 | At the same time, the more attenuated strain A/Leningrad/134/47/57 induced TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in the quantities similar to those in the control animals. |
| 2384 | 16704888 | The adjuvant effects of the toll-like receptor 3 ligand polyinosinic-cytidylic acid poly (I:C) on antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses are partially dependent on NK cells with the induction of a beneficial cytokine milieu. |
| 2385 | 16704888 | The adjuvant effects of the toll-like receptor 3 ligand polyinosinic-cytidylic acid poly (I:C) on antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses are partially dependent on NK cells with the induction of a beneficial cytokine milieu. |
| 2386 | 16704888 | The adjuvant effects of the toll-like receptor 3 ligand polyinosinic-cytidylic acid poly (I:C) on antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses are partially dependent on NK cells with the induction of a beneficial cytokine milieu. |
| 2387 | 16704888 | Poly (I:C), a TLR3 ligand, has shown promise as a vaccine adjuvant to CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 2388 | 16704888 | Poly (I:C), a TLR3 ligand, has shown promise as a vaccine adjuvant to CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 2389 | 16704888 | Poly (I:C), a TLR3 ligand, has shown promise as a vaccine adjuvant to CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 2390 | 16704888 | Poly (I:C) treatment was associated with a rapid induction of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, including IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma, and selective increases in the numbers of NK (NK1.1(+)CD11b(+)) cells and Mvarphi (NK1.1(-)CD11b(+)), but not NK T (CD3(+)NK1.1(+)) cells. |
| 2391 | 16704888 | Poly (I:C) treatment was associated with a rapid induction of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, including IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma, and selective increases in the numbers of NK (NK1.1(+)CD11b(+)) cells and Mvarphi (NK1.1(-)CD11b(+)), but not NK T (CD3(+)NK1.1(+)) cells. |
| 2392 | 16704888 | Poly (I:C) treatment was associated with a rapid induction of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, including IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma, and selective increases in the numbers of NK (NK1.1(+)CD11b(+)) cells and Mvarphi (NK1.1(-)CD11b(+)), but not NK T (CD3(+)NK1.1(+)) cells. |
| 2393 | 16704888 | Poly (I:C) treatment in TNF-alpha, type I IFNR, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-12Rbeta2, or IL-15 gene-deficient mice revealed a reciprocal interaction and interdependence in the induction of these cytokines, where the absence of one cytokine impacted on the production of others. |
| 2394 | 16704888 | Poly (I:C) treatment in TNF-alpha, type I IFNR, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-12Rbeta2, or IL-15 gene-deficient mice revealed a reciprocal interaction and interdependence in the induction of these cytokines, where the absence of one cytokine impacted on the production of others. |
| 2395 | 16704888 | Poly (I:C) treatment in TNF-alpha, type I IFNR, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-12Rbeta2, or IL-15 gene-deficient mice revealed a reciprocal interaction and interdependence in the induction of these cytokines, where the absence of one cytokine impacted on the production of others. |
| 2396 | 16704888 | Further, the adjuvant effects of poly (I:C) were dependent on the endogenous levels of type I IFNs, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-12, and IL-15. |
| 2397 | 16704888 | Further, the adjuvant effects of poly (I:C) were dependent on the endogenous levels of type I IFNs, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-12, and IL-15. |
| 2398 | 16704888 | Further, the adjuvant effects of poly (I:C) were dependent on the endogenous levels of type I IFNs, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-12, and IL-15. |
| 2399 | 16704888 | IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, but not TNF-alpha or IL-6, were able to mimic the adjuvant effects of poly (I:C). |
| 2400 | 16704888 | IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, but not TNF-alpha or IL-6, were able to mimic the adjuvant effects of poly (I:C). |
| 2401 | 16704888 | IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, but not TNF-alpha or IL-6, were able to mimic the adjuvant effects of poly (I:C). |
| 2402 | 16698670 | Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were used to assess the inflammatory status; and circulating immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA, IgG and IgG subclasses) and specific IgG titer to tetanus were used to assess humoral immunity. |
| 2403 | 16698670 | No significant differences were found in TNF-a, IL-1beta and IL-1ra between the groups. |
| 2404 | 16682480 | Before treatment, S. mansoni infection intensity was positively correlated with 24-h boosts in plasma interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-6 levels, which were in turn negatively correlated with the posttreatment fall in eosinophil numbers. |
| 2405 | 16682480 | Before treatment, S. mansoni infection intensity was positively correlated with 24-h boosts in plasma interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-6 levels, which were in turn negatively correlated with the posttreatment fall in eosinophil numbers. |
| 2406 | 16682480 | Before treatment, S. mansoni infection intensity was positively correlated with 24-h boosts in plasma interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-6 levels, which were in turn negatively correlated with the posttreatment fall in eosinophil numbers. |
| 2407 | 16682480 | Significant correlations were observed between pretreatment infection intensities and plasma IL-10 and eotaxin levels. |
| 2408 | 16682480 | Significant correlations were observed between pretreatment infection intensities and plasma IL-10 and eotaxin levels. |
| 2409 | 16682480 | Significant correlations were observed between pretreatment infection intensities and plasma IL-10 and eotaxin levels. |
| 2410 | 16682480 | Treatment induced significant fluctuations in plasma IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and eotaxin levels. |
| 2411 | 16682480 | Treatment induced significant fluctuations in plasma IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and eotaxin levels. |
| 2412 | 16682480 | Treatment induced significant fluctuations in plasma IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and eotaxin levels. |
| 2413 | 16682480 | Optimal relative release of ECP and EPX in vitro was detected in S. mansoni soluble egg antigen-stimulated cultures during transient eosinopenia. |
| 2414 | 16682480 | Optimal relative release of ECP and EPX in vitro was detected in S. mansoni soluble egg antigen-stimulated cultures during transient eosinopenia. |
| 2415 | 16682480 | Optimal relative release of ECP and EPX in vitro was detected in S. mansoni soluble egg antigen-stimulated cultures during transient eosinopenia. |
| 2416 | 16682480 | Our data suggest that blood eosinophils are activated during S. mansoni infection and that treatment induces a burst in released antigens, causing increased production of IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and eotaxin; a drop in TNF-alpha levels; and a transient sequestration of eosinophils, which leaves fewer degranulated eosinophils in the circulation 24 h posttreatment, followed by the development of eosinophilia 3 weeks later. |
| 2417 | 16682480 | Our data suggest that blood eosinophils are activated during S. mansoni infection and that treatment induces a burst in released antigens, causing increased production of IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and eotaxin; a drop in TNF-alpha levels; and a transient sequestration of eosinophils, which leaves fewer degranulated eosinophils in the circulation 24 h posttreatment, followed by the development of eosinophilia 3 weeks later. |
| 2418 | 16682480 | Our data suggest that blood eosinophils are activated during S. mansoni infection and that treatment induces a burst in released antigens, causing increased production of IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and eotaxin; a drop in TNF-alpha levels; and a transient sequestration of eosinophils, which leaves fewer degranulated eosinophils in the circulation 24 h posttreatment, followed by the development of eosinophilia 3 weeks later. |
| 2419 | 16634802 | The effect of M. bovis infection, 4 months post-challenge, was to suppress the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6. |
| 2420 | 16634802 | The effect of M. bovis infection, 4 months post-challenge, was to suppress the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6. |
| 2421 | 16634802 | Expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-12 was maintained. |
| 2422 | 16634802 | Expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-12 was maintained. |
| 2423 | 16634802 | In particular, no decrease in expression of IL-4 or IL-6 was observed following challenge of vaccinated animals and decreased IFN-gamma was detected. |
| 2424 | 16634802 | In particular, no decrease in expression of IL-4 or IL-6 was observed following challenge of vaccinated animals and decreased IFN-gamma was detected. |
| 2425 | 16634802 | Also, vaccinated animals had higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 transcripts compared to unvaccinated animals following challenge. |
| 2426 | 16634802 | Also, vaccinated animals had higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 transcripts compared to unvaccinated animals following challenge. |
| 2427 | 16634802 | These changes in cytokine expression levels led to a significant shift in the IFN-gamma/IL-4 or IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio within the lymph node following challenge. |
| 2428 | 16634802 | These changes in cytokine expression levels led to a significant shift in the IFN-gamma/IL-4 or IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio within the lymph node following challenge. |
| 2429 | 16634802 | An inverse correlation between the level of pathology and bacterial load within the lymph node and the expression of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF was also observed. |
| 2430 | 16634802 | An inverse correlation between the level of pathology and bacterial load within the lymph node and the expression of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF was also observed. |
| 2431 | 16574669 | Induction of kappaB-driven transcriptional activity by 2.5 mug ml(-1) F. tularensis LPS isolated by phenol-water and ether-water extraction, was observed in cells transfected with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and MD-2, although CD14 was required for optimal induction. |
| 2432 | 16574669 | Conversely, TLR2, TLR2/TLR1 or TLR2/TLR6 transfected cells did not show kappaB-driven transcriptional activity in the presence of F. tularensis LPS. |
| 2433 | 16574669 | Concentrations of 5-10 mug ml(-1) F. tularensis LPS elicited a similar pattern of mRNA and protein induction than 0.1 mug ml(-1) E. coli LPS, including the expression of CXC chemokines (IL-8, Gro and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10); CC chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and -2, macrophage-derived chemoattractant, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and -1beta and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha). |
| 2434 | 16552059 | Injection of P. gingivalis stimulated gamma interferon, interleukin 6, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression as determined by real-time PCR. |
| 2435 | 16548886 | In this study we analyse the interaction of the MP from Candida albicans (MP65) with dendritic cells (DC) and demonstrate that MP65 stimulates DC and induces the release of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and the activation of IL-12 gene, with maximal value 6 h post treatment. |
| 2436 | 16548886 | The latter effect is partly mediated by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4, and the MyD88-dependent pathway is involved in the process. |
| 2437 | 16543948 | Yeast zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, induces regulatory antigen-presenting cells and immunological tolerance. |
| 2438 | 16543948 | Yeast zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, induces regulatory antigen-presenting cells and immunological tolerance. |
| 2439 | 16543948 | Yeast zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, induces regulatory antigen-presenting cells and immunological tolerance. |
| 2440 | 16543948 | Here, we show that zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, regulates cytokine secretion in DCs and macrophages to induce immunological tolerance. |
| 2441 | 16543948 | Here, we show that zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, regulates cytokine secretion in DCs and macrophages to induce immunological tolerance. |
| 2442 | 16543948 | Here, we show that zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, regulates cytokine secretion in DCs and macrophages to induce immunological tolerance. |
| 2443 | 16543948 | First, zymosan induces DCs to secrete abundant IL-10 but little IL-6 and IL-12(p70). |
| 2444 | 16543948 | First, zymosan induces DCs to secrete abundant IL-10 but little IL-6 and IL-12(p70). |
| 2445 | 16543948 | First, zymosan induces DCs to secrete abundant IL-10 but little IL-6 and IL-12(p70). |
| 2446 | 16543948 | Induction of IL-10 is dependent on TLR2- and dectin-1-mediated activation of ERK MAPK via a mechanism independent of the activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor c-Fos. |
| 2447 | 16543948 | Induction of IL-10 is dependent on TLR2- and dectin-1-mediated activation of ERK MAPK via a mechanism independent of the activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor c-Fos. |
| 2448 | 16543948 | Induction of IL-10 is dependent on TLR2- and dectin-1-mediated activation of ERK MAPK via a mechanism independent of the activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor c-Fos. |
| 2449 | 16543948 | Such DCs stimulate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells poorly due to IL-10 and the lack of IL-6. |
| 2450 | 16543948 | Such DCs stimulate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells poorly due to IL-10 and the lack of IL-6. |
| 2451 | 16543948 | Such DCs stimulate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells poorly due to IL-10 and the lack of IL-6. |
| 2452 | 16543948 | Finally, coinjection of zymosan with OVA plus LPS suppresses the response to OVA via a mechanism dependent on IL-10, TGF-beta, and lack of IL-6. |
| 2453 | 16543948 | Finally, coinjection of zymosan with OVA plus LPS suppresses the response to OVA via a mechanism dependent on IL-10, TGF-beta, and lack of IL-6. |
| 2454 | 16543948 | Finally, coinjection of zymosan with OVA plus LPS suppresses the response to OVA via a mechanism dependent on IL-10, TGF-beta, and lack of IL-6. |
| 2455 | 16543948 | Together, our data demonstrate that zymosan stimulates IL-10+ IL-12(p70)- IL-6low regulatory DCs and TGF-beta+ macrophages to induce immunological tolerance. |
| 2456 | 16543948 | Together, our data demonstrate that zymosan stimulates IL-10+ IL-12(p70)- IL-6low regulatory DCs and TGF-beta+ macrophages to induce immunological tolerance. |
| 2457 | 16543948 | Together, our data demonstrate that zymosan stimulates IL-10+ IL-12(p70)- IL-6low regulatory DCs and TGF-beta+ macrophages to induce immunological tolerance. |
| 2458 | 20483237 | In fish, prior to pufferfish (Fugu rubripes and Tetraodon nigroviridis) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome sequencing, only a handful of cytokines like IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TGFbeta, some CXC (including IL-8) and CC chemokine genes were identified. |
| 2459 | 20483237 | Pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF's, IL-6 and IL-17 family have been cloned. |
| 2460 | 20483237 | Among the T(H)1 type interleukins, IL-2, IL-15, IL-12alpha, IL-12beta, IL-18 have been cloned. |
| 2461 | 20483237 | Among IL-10 and its family members, IL-10, IL-19/20, IL-22 and IL-26 have been discovered. |
| 2462 | 20483237 | However, T(H)2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), IL-3, IL-7 and IL-9 are yet to be discovered from fish. |
| 2463 | 16474127 | Our results demonstrate that, in contrast to the rwt virus, rM51R-M virus induced the maturation of myeloid DC (mDC) populations, as indicated by an increase in the surface expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 as well as the secretion of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-6, and type I IFN. |
| 2464 | 16474127 | Our studies also indicated that the production of costimulatory molecules on mDC by rM51R-M virus was dependent on the type I IFN receptor, while maturation induced by this virus was largely independent of MyD88. |
| 2465 | 16467339 | Protection by anesthesia correlates with a delay in plasma LPS circulation, resulting in a delayed inflammatory response, particularly DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10. |
| 2466 | 16467329 | Mononuclear cells from Peyer's patches were isolated to determine the CD-206 and TLR-2 receptors. |
| 2467 | 16467329 | In histological slices we determined the number of IgA+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD3+ cells and two cytokines (interleulin-5 [IL-5] and IL-6). |
| 2468 | 16467329 | CD-206 and TLR-2 increased with respect to the untreated control. |
| 2469 | 16467329 | The main immune cells activated after oral L. casei administration were those of the innate immune response, with an increase in the specific markers of these cells (CD-206 and TLR-2), with no modification in the number of T cells. |
| 2470 | 16461338 | Specifically, YF-17D activates multiple DC subsets via TLRs 2, 7, 8, and 9 to elicit the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-6, and interferon-alpha. |
| 2471 | 16461338 | Furthermore, distinct TLRs appear to differentially control the Th1/Th2 balance; thus, whilst MyD88-deficient mice show a profound impairment of Th1 cytokines, TLR2-deficient mice show greatly enhanced Th1 and Tc1 responses to YF-17D. |
| 2472 | 16443827 | C274 induced macaque CD20(+) B cells to proliferate more strongly than CD40 ligand or CpG-B ISS-ODN. |
| 2473 | 16443827 | Increased expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 by B cells was apparent within 24 h of exposure to C274 and persisted for up to 1 week. |
| 2474 | 16443827 | C274-stimulated, B cell-enriched and peripheral blood mononuclear cell suspensions from naïve and immunodeficiency virus-infected monkeys secreted several cytokines [e.g., interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, IL-12, interferon-alpha] and chemokines [e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha/CCL3, IL-8/CXC chemokine ligand 8]. |
| 2475 | 16442811 | The cytokine assays showed that the serum IgG antibody response induced is different according to the route of administration, indicated by the differential levels of IL-6 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2476 | 16442811 | The cytokine assays showed that the serum IgG antibody response induced is different according to the route of administration, indicated by the differential levels of IL-6 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2477 | 16442811 | The nanoparticles eliciting the highest IgG antibody response did not necessarily elicit the highest levels of the cytokines IL-6 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2478 | 16442811 | The nanoparticles eliciting the highest IgG antibody response did not necessarily elicit the highest levels of the cytokines IL-6 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2479 | 16428759 | Interferons, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 were not essential for the adjuvant effects of flagellin. |
| 2480 | 16428747 | We demonstrate that interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) levels in mice that survive lethal toxin challenge are similar to levels in nonsurvivors and that IL-6 levels are higher in survivors than in nonsurvivors. |
| 2481 | 16428069 | The titre of specific antibodies to SSSK vaccine, the proliferation of lymphocytes, SSSK-specific interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) and IL-6, the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and CD14 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were examined to identify the immune responses of the piglets. |
| 2482 | 16420604 | Both DEN2 and LAV2 increased the expression of the phenotypic markers CD80, CD86, CD40, CD1a, HLA ABC and CD83, demonstrating cellular activation. |
| 2483 | 16420604 | Stimulated dendritic cells produced tumor necrosis factor-alpha in particular, and, to a lower extent, interleukin 6. |
| 2484 | 16412062 | Secreted levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 from AM of patients with small, squamous, and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma were decreased compared to controls. |
| 2485 | 16412062 | AM from adenocarcinoma patients showed similar levels of IL-10, IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-alpha compared to controls. |
| 2486 | 16412062 | Surface expression of ICAM-1 and CD83 was decreased on AM from patients with large, squamous and small cell carcinoma compared to controls but not adenocarcinoma. |
| 2487 | 16385626 | Although our results indicate that DC-SIGN is not the major receptor for VLP in DC, this interaction contributes to the activation of DC surface antigens (HLA class I) and of various cytokines/chemokines, particularly TNF-alpha, IL-6, and RANTES. |
| 2488 | 16379000 | Upregulated transcripts correlated with genes implicated in immune responses, including those encoding interleukin-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2), IL-6, ISG-15, CD-80, and TNFSF7. |
| 2489 | 16379000 | NYVAC infection also stimulated the expression of NF-kappaB1 and NF-kappaB2 as well as that of NF-kappaB target genes. |
| 2490 | 16365602 | They strongly express CD83, CD86, and CCR7 and have potent ability to migrate to CCL21. |
| 2491 | 16365602 | In addition, they were able to activate natural killer and T helper 1 (TH1) cells and to induce peptide-antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes more significantly than monocyte-derived DCs stimulated with a conventional cytokine cocktail of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and PGE2 (monocyte-conditioned medium [MCM]-mimic DCs). |
| 2492 | 16365602 | The profound ability of OPA-DCs to stimulate these effectors is attributable to their higher expression of IL-12p70, IL-23, and IL-27 than MCM-mimic DCs, which was supported by the findings that the neutralization of IL-12p70 and IL-23 reduced the TH1 priming ability of OPA-DCs. |
| 2493 | 16352562 | To understand the role of cytokines during rotavirus infection, we assessed the kinetics of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (proinflammatory), IL-12 (Th1 inducer), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (Th1), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2), and transforming growth factor beta (Th3) cytokine responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and intestinal contents of neonatal gnotobiotic pigs and IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokine-secreting cell (CSC) responses of mononuclear cells from ileum, spleen, and blood by ELISPOT. |
| 2494 | 16352562 | To understand the role of cytokines during rotavirus infection, we assessed the kinetics of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (proinflammatory), IL-12 (Th1 inducer), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (Th1), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2), and transforming growth factor beta (Th3) cytokine responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and intestinal contents of neonatal gnotobiotic pigs and IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokine-secreting cell (CSC) responses of mononuclear cells from ileum, spleen, and blood by ELISPOT. |
| 2495 | 16352562 | In serum, IL-6 was significantly elevated at postinoculation day (PID) 1 in the VirHRV group and at PID 3 in both HRV groups. |
| 2496 | 16352562 | In serum, IL-6 was significantly elevated at postinoculation day (PID) 1 in the VirHRV group and at PID 3 in both HRV groups. |
| 2497 | 16352562 | A significantly higher percentage of pigs had IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses in serum after VirHRV infection than after AttHRV infection or in controls. |
| 2498 | 16352562 | A significantly higher percentage of pigs had IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses in serum after VirHRV infection than after AttHRV infection or in controls. |
| 2499 | 16352562 | Higher protection rates may be associated with more balanced Th1- and Th2-type responses, but induction of higher earlier IFN-gamma (Th1) and proinflammatory cytokines triggered by VirHRV may also play an important role in the higher intestinal immunoglobulin A responses and protection rates induced by VirHRV. |
| 2500 | 16352562 | Higher protection rates may be associated with more balanced Th1- and Th2-type responses, but induction of higher earlier IFN-gamma (Th1) and proinflammatory cytokines triggered by VirHRV may also play an important role in the higher intestinal immunoglobulin A responses and protection rates induced by VirHRV. |
| 2501 | 16321447 | Cloning of fox (Vulpes vulpes) Il2, Il6, Il10 and IFNgamma and analysis of their expression by quantitative RT-PCR in fox PBMC after in vitro stimulation by Concanavalin A. |
| 2502 | 16321447 | Cloning of fox (Vulpes vulpes) Il2, Il6, Il10 and IFNgamma and analysis of their expression by quantitative RT-PCR in fox PBMC after in vitro stimulation by Concanavalin A. |
| 2503 | 16321447 | First, we cloned by homology with dog cytokine sequences the fox IL2, IL6, IL10, IFNgamma and a partial 18S sequence. |
| 2504 | 16321447 | First, we cloned by homology with dog cytokine sequences the fox IL2, IL6, IL10, IFNgamma and a partial 18S sequence. |
| 2505 | 16303787 | Maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) in the presence of prostaglandin E2 optimizes CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated responses to protein antigens: role of PGE2 in chemokine and cytokine expression by MoDCs. |
| 2506 | 16303787 | We demonstrate here that the addition of PGE2 to TNF for the maturation of MoDCs enhanced CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferative responses to neoantigen and recall antigen, and enhanced Th1-type responses. |
| 2507 | 16303787 | The increased stimulatory capacity of MoDCs matured with PGE2 was associated with a fully mature, migratory-type MoDC phenotype and more rapid down-regulation of the expression of inflammatory chemokines, with up-regulated expression of the constitutive chemokines TARC and MDC. |
| 2508 | 16303787 | In addition, although MoDCs matured with TNF and PGE2 selectively produced the inhibitory IL-12p40 subunit at steady state, they were able to produce the bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimer after stimulation with CD40 ligand and/or IFN-gamma. |
| 2509 | 16303787 | Despite increased IL-6 mRNA expression, MoDCs matured with PGE2 did not overcome the suppressive effects of CD4+ CD25+ T cells in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. |
| 2510 | 16301667 | Peptide-induced T cell clones were of the Th0 subset, secreting high levels of IFN-gamma as well as variable levels of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-6). |
| 2511 | 16299307 | These reactions were associated with vigorous T helper 2 (Th2)-polarized memory responses to vaccine antigen exemplified by interleukin 5 (IL-5), IL-6, and IL-13 production and log-scale boosting of tetanus-specific immunoglobulin E and occurred most frequently among children who are intrinsically "high Th2 responders" as detected by in vitro responsiveness to polyclonal mitogen. |
| 2512 | 16291589 | Tumor evasion of the immune system: inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling restores the function of dendritic cells in multiple myeloma. |
| 2513 | 16291589 | Neutralizing antibodies against IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-beta partially abrogated the effects. |
| 2514 | 16291589 | TCCM treatment activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Janus kinase (JNK) but inhibited extracellular regulated kinase (ERK). |
| 2515 | 16291589 | Inhibiting p38 MAPK restored the phenotype, cytokine secretion, and function of TCCM-treated BMDCs. |
| 2516 | 16291589 | Thus, our results suggested that tumor-induced p38 MAPK activation and ERK inhibition in DCs may be a new mechanism for tumor evasion and that regulating these pathways during DC differentiation provides new strategies for generating potent DC vaccines for immunotherapy in patients with cancer. |
| 2517 | 16279537 | The generation of ripe dendrite cells (DC) of marrow origin was obtained with the use of the vaccine Immunovac-BN-4, an immunomodulator of microbial origin, as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae LPS and TNF-alpha, as ripening inducers. |
| 2518 | 16279537 | The immunophenotype of cells altered from CD34+, CD38-, CD40-, CD80-, CD86-, MHC I-, MHC II-, F4/80- to CD34-, CD38+, CD40+, CD80+, MHC I+, MHC II+, F4/ 80(low). |
| 2519 | 16279537 | In culture medium with ripe DC the levels of such cytokines as IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha significantly increased and the production of IL-4 decreased. |
| 2520 | 16279537 | The content of IL-2 and IL-10 remained unchanged. |
| 2521 | 16272329 | Such suppression was also evident upon the Salmonella-CFA/I infection of macrophages resulting in diminished TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 production and suggesting that the CFA/I fimbrial expression by Salmonella may protect against a proinflammatory disease. |
| 2522 | 16272329 | This protective effect was accompanied by a loss of encephalitogenic IFN-gamma-secreting Th cells and was replaced with an increase in IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 secretion. |
| 2523 | 16259568 | However, when mice previously injected with pristane were inoculated with DNA-hsp65 or DNAv, the protective effect was significantly correlated with lower IL-6 and IL-12 levels and higher IL-10 levels. |
| 2524 | 16257383 | In vivo depletion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells enhances the antigen-specific primary and memory CTL response elicited by mature mRNA-electroporated dendritic cells. |
| 2525 | 16257383 | We point out that the mRNA electroporation results in a negative effect on the interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion after maturation. |
| 2526 | 16257383 | In addition, a significant improvement in CTL response is obtained both in the primary and in the memory effector phases when CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are depleted in vivo prior to immunization. |
| 2527 | 16253122 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 were quantified in serum of both the test and control groups. |
| 2528 | 16253122 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 were quantified in serum of both the test and control groups. |
| 2529 | 16253122 | Mice that had received whole IgM effluent (1.5 mg/l of anti-LPS O6 IgM antibodies) before the challenge with LPS O6 presented 20.5 microg/l of IL-6 and 1.5 microg/l of TNF-alpha. |
| 2530 | 16253122 | Mice that had received whole IgM effluent (1.5 mg/l of anti-LPS O6 IgM antibodies) before the challenge with LPS O6 presented 20.5 microg/l of IL-6 and 1.5 microg/l of TNF-alpha. |
| 2531 | 16246469 | However, both wild type meningococcal LOS and KDO(2)-lipid A, significantly up-regulated CD80, CD83 and CD86 and released significantly higher amounts of IL-12p70, IL-6, IL-10, TNFalpha, MCP-1, IP-10 and RANTES. |
| 2532 | 16246469 | Further, DCs stimulated with wild type or KDO(2)-lipid A but not meningococcal lipid A or penta-acylated KDO(2)-lipid A stimulated naïve allogeneic CD4+ T cells to secrete enhanced levels of IFN-gamma, relative to T cells primed with immature DCs. |
| 2533 | 16246469 | In contrast to Escherichia coli LPS, IL-5 production was enhanced or maintained in CD4+ T-cells stimulated with MDDC exposed to wild-type meningococcal LOS and KDO(2)-lipid A. |
| 2534 | 16246469 | These data suggest that KDO linked to a fully acylated meningococcal lipid A is required for meningococcal endotoxin's immunostimulatory activity of human MDDC via TLR4/MD-2 and that different endotoxin structures influence Th responses mediated by MDDC. |
| 2535 | 16242986 | IL-1, LPS and butyrate but not TNF, IL-6 and IL-8, increased the Stx mediated cytotoxicity. |
| 2536 | 16239537 | The antipentasaccharide antibodies induced by the conjugate inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and NO by LOS-stimulated J774A.1 cells. |
| 2537 | 16239526 | Antigen-restimulation assays revealed that bp26 and TF stimulated gamma interferon and only bp26 induced interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-6 cytokines as measured by cytokine enzyme-linked immunospot assay. |
| 2538 | 16239426 | Dendritic-cell-associated C-type lectin 2 (DCAL-2) alters dendritic-cell maturation and cytokine production. |
| 2539 | 16239426 | DCAL-2 is a CLR with a cytosolic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), which is restricted to immature DCs (iDCs), monocytes, and CD1a+ DCs. |
| 2540 | 16239426 | While anti-DCAL-2 did not induce iDCs to mature, it did up-regulate CCR7 expression and IL-6 and IL-10 production. |
| 2541 | 16239426 | DCAL-2 signals augmented DC maturation induced by LPS or zymosan, increasing both CCR7 and DC-LAMP expression. |
| 2542 | 16239426 | DCAL-2 ligation also suppressed the ability of TLR-matured DCs to induce IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 cells but augmented the capacity of CD40L-matured DCs to polarize naive T cells into Th1 cells. |
| 2543 | 16224278 | When T-cell responses were compared in allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction, DCs stimulated with Ribomunyl induced higher levels of IFNgamma than DCs stimulated with the cytokine cocktail: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2. |
| 2544 | 16224278 | In the presence of IL-10 neutralizing antibodies, DC IL-12p70 production and T-cell IFNgamma were increased in vitro. |
| 2545 | 16224278 | Similarly, DCs stimulated with Ribomunyl, IFNgamma, and anti-IL-10 induced high levels of tetanus toxoid-specific T-cell proliferation and IFNgamma secretion. |
| 2546 | 16224278 | Thus, MoDCs generated in SFM efficiently stimulate T-cell IFNgamma production after maturation in the presence of a clinical-grade TLR4 agonist and IL-10 neutralization. |
| 2547 | 16218512 | In nasal washings of Tg-mice, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 was detected even with a small amount of antigen. |
| 2548 | 16218512 | On the other hand, Th2 type cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13 were efficiently detected in culture supernatants of NP, CLN, and SP cells from Tg-mice mice, but not in those from NALT cells of those mice. |
| 2549 | 16186238 | Interleukin 1 alpha (IL1alpha), alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), IL6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), GROalpha and MIP-1beta mRNA were elevated soon after infection, and expression coincided with virus replication. |
| 2550 | 16186238 | A biphasic response was observed for RANTES, IFN-gamma, IL4, IL10 and IL12-p40, with increased mRNA levels early during virus replication followed by a later increase that coincided with pulmonary inflammation. |
| 2551 | 16179007 | Adenovirus vectors encoding carcinoembryonic antigen (Ad-CEA) or costimulatory molecules CD80, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and leucocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3) (Ad-STIM) were used to transduce murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC). |
| 2552 | 16179007 | Transduction of cells grown in presence of heterologous serum increased the expression of costimulatory molecules, major histocompatibility complex class II, of IL-6 and IL-12. |
| 2553 | 16179007 | Nonetheless, CEA-specific CD8+ T-cell response was enhanced upon coinfection of Ad-STIM and Ad-CEA in both mouse strains, although this immune response was not sufficient to protect CEA-tg mice from tumour challenge. |
| 2554 | 16177369 | Redirection of TT into the ON/E coincided with elevated production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) but not IL-1beta or tumor necrosis factor alpha in the nasal mucosa. |
| 2555 | 16164822 | On days 0, 30 and 90 a quantitative analysis was performed on lymphoproliferative responses to polyclonal mitogens, IL-2 and the specific antigen U, the production of specific serum and saliva IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies to all components of U and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. |
| 2556 | 16164822 | The highest concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 were registered at baseline followed by a decrease until the end of the observation period. |
| 2557 | 16149990 | Abomasal lymph nodes and/or abomasal mucosa were collected and messenger RNA for the Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12 p40 subunit), the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15) and the Th3/Tr cytokine TGF-beta was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. |
| 2558 | 16149990 | However, following infection all calves showed a significant decrease in the Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-12 p40, and a significant increase in the Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 in the lymph nodes, compared to non-infected calves. |
| 2559 | 16149990 | In contrast, a Th2 pattern was not observed in the mucosa of the infected calves, which exhibited an increase in IFN-gamma as well as in the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 mRNA. |
| 2560 | 16116238 | Viral vectors may address both of these issues, as they can be used to deliver intact tumor Ags to DCs, and have been shown to inhibit the suppression mediated by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. |
| 2561 | 16116238 | VRP infection of immature DCs was superior to TNF-alpha treatment at inducing phenotypic maturation of DCs, and was comparable to LPS stimulation. |
| 2562 | 16116238 | Additionally, VRP-infected DC cultures secreted substantial amounts of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-alpha. |
| 2563 | 16116238 | Finally, DCs transduced with a VRP encoding the influenza matrix protein (FMP) stimulated 50% greater expansion of FMP-specific CD8+ CTL when compared with TNF-alpha-matured DCs pulsed with an HLA-A*0201-restricted FMP peptide. |
| 2564 | 16116197 | All PPS-containing preparations induced IL-6 and TNF-alpha from wild-type, but not TLR2-/-, macrophages. |
| 2565 | 16116197 | The commercial 23-valent PPS vaccine, Pneumovax-23 also contained TLR ligands (TLR2 and TLR4), which were absolutely critical for the IgG-inducing activity of the vaccine in mice. |
| 2566 | 16113842 | Furthermore, B-CLL-DCs generated from the 2 CLL subgroups up-regulated MHC-II, CD80, CD86, CD83, CD40, and CD54 and down-regulated CD206 in response to stimulation with a cocktail of cytokines (CyC) and secreted increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-12 (p70), and RANTES in a manner typical of mature normal-DCs. |
| 2567 | 16113340 | Following intranasal inoculation, Vibrio cholerae KFV101 (DeltactxAB DeltahapA DeltahlyA DeltartxA) colonizes and stimulates tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) in mice, similar to what occurs with isogenic strain P4 (DeltactxAB), but is less virulent and stimulates reduced levels of IL-6, demonstrating a role for accessory toxins in pathogenesis. |
| 2568 | 16103178 | The majority of adenovirus serotypes utilize the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) for virus-host cell attachment, but subgroup B and subgroup D (adenovirus type 37 [Ad37]) viruses recognize CD46. |
| 2569 | 16103178 | CD46 is a ubiquitously expressed receptor that serves as a cofactor for the inactivation of the complement components C3b and C4b, and it also serves as a receptor for diverse microbial pathogens. |
| 2570 | 16103178 | A reported consequence of CD46 engagement is a reduced capability of human immune cells to express interleukin-12 (IL-12), a cytokine involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. |
| 2571 | 16103178 | Subgroup B (Ad16 and -35) and Ad37, but not Ad2 or -5, significantly reduced IL-12 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide. |
| 2572 | 16103178 | IL-12 mRNA (p35 and p40 subunits) levels as well as other cytokine mRNA levels (IL-1alpha and -beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-6) were decreased upon interaction with CD46-utilizing Ads. |
| 2573 | 16103178 | Analysis of transcription factor activity required for cytokine expression indicated that CD46-utilizing Ads preferentially inhibited IFN-gamma-induced C/EBPbeta protein expression, consequently reducing its ability to form DNA complexes. |
| 2574 | 16103178 | Interference with IFN-gamma signaling events by CD46-utilizing Ads, but not CAR-utilizing Ads, reveals a potentially critical difference in the host immune response against distinct Ad vectors, a situation that has implications for gene delivery and vaccine development. |
| 2575 | 16099080 | The cytokine measurement profile of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-6 and low levels of IL-4 in the cultural supernatants of SP, PP and LP showed mixed CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 immune response. |
| 2576 | 16098219 | Despite the significant impact of LPS composition on the adhesion and phagocytosis of N. meningitidis no differences were found in terms of cytokine levels secreted by DC for IL1-beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and GM-CSF. |
| 2577 | 16041007 | Mucosal type 2/3 responses (producing interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-6 and/or transforming growth factor beta) could be necessary for optimal induction of protective secretory immunoglobulin A responses. |
| 2578 | 16041007 | On the other hand, systemic type 1 responses (including gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], tumor necrosis factor alpha, and optimal cytotoxic T-cell responses) are likely to be critical for protection against the disseminated intracellular replication that occurs after mucosal invasion. |
| 2579 | 16041007 | T. cruzi infection followed by nifurtimox treatment rescue was used to immunize CD4, CD8, beta2-microglobulin, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 knockout mice. |
| 2580 | 16041007 | Despite the previously demonstrated importance of CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and nitric oxide for T. cruzi immunity, CD4, CD8, and iNOS knockout mice developed mucosal and systemic protective immunity. |
| 2581 | 16041007 | However, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and beta2-microglobulin-deficient mice failed to develop mucosal or systemic protection. |
| 2582 | 16037410 | Dendritic cells differentiated in the presence of IFN-{beta} and IL-3 are potent inducers of an antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response. |
| 2583 | 16037410 | Classically, mature monocyte-derived DC are generated in vitro in the presence of interleukin (IL)-4, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and inflammatory cytokines (G4-DC). |
| 2584 | 16037410 | Recently, it has been described that DC can also be generated in the presence of IL-3 and interferon (IFN)-beta and that these DC are efficiently matured using polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (I3-DC). |
| 2585 | 16037410 | Phenotypic characterization of the DC revealed differences in the expression of the monocyte marker CD14 and the maturation marker CD83. |
| 2586 | 16037410 | Low expression of CD14 and high expression of CD83 characterized G4-DC, whereas I3-DC displayed intermediate expression of CD14 and CD83. |
| 2587 | 16037410 | Upon CD40 ligation, G4-DC produced lower amounts of IFN-alpha and pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine, similar amounts of IL-6, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta, and higher amounts of IL-12 p70, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and MIP-3beta than I3-DC. |
| 2588 | 16037410 | Finally, in vitro stimulations showed that fresh and frozen peptide-loaded I3-DC are more potent inducers of Melan-A-specific CD8(+) T cell responses than G4-DC. |
| 2589 | 16027518 | Neutralization of the biological activity of some immunosuppressive cytokines produced by RCC (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) with monoclonal antibodies is currently under investigation. |
| 2590 | 16009271 | Using TNF-alpha/PGE(2)/IL-1beta/IL-6 as maturation stimulus, AIMV/sf-DCs revealed to be comparable with RPMI/HS-DCs with regard to phenotypic expression of maturation markers, survival in vitro, migratory capacity and stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation except for CD1a which was expressed on a fraction of DCs only when cultured in serumfree AIMV medium. |
| 2591 | 16000958 | In this study six patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer were monitored for their ability to mount PSA-specific cellular responses after receiving a pVAX/PSA DNA vaccine (patients 1-3, 100 microg; patients 7-9, 900 microg) with recombinant GM-CSF and IL-2 as adjuvants. |
| 2592 | 16000958 | IFNgamma ELISPOT showed that naturally processed PSA protein and PSA peptides are recognized by T cells in the blood of some prostate cancer patients after a PSA DNA vaccine. |
| 2593 | 16000958 | Analysis of other cytokines showed the production of IL-4 and IL-6 but importantly did not show an increase in the number of IL-10-producing cells after vaccination in any of the patients. |
| 2594 | 15976761 | Plasma CRP, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-2 soluble receptor alpha, and serum amyloid A were measured, and differences in mean concentrations of absolute and normalized values on days 1, 3, and 7 were compared with mean baseline values. |
| 2595 | 15976761 | The mean increases in normalized high sensitivity CRP values were significant on day 1 (P < .01) and day 3 (P = .05), whereas the mean increase in normalized serum amyloid A was significant only on day 1 (P < .05). |
| 2596 | 15976761 | No significant changes were seen in mean concentrations of IL-2 soluble receptor alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 2597 | 15972497 | Our results showed that StxB1 and mStx1, but not native Stx1 (nStx1), resulted in enhanced expression of CD86, CD40, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and, to some extent, also enhanced the expression of CD80 on bone marrow-derived DCs. |
| 2598 | 15972497 | Our results showed that StxB1 and mStx1, but not native Stx1 (nStx1), resulted in enhanced expression of CD86, CD40, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and, to some extent, also enhanced the expression of CD80 on bone marrow-derived DCs. |
| 2599 | 15972497 | StxB1-treated DCs exhibited an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 (IL-12) production, a stimulation of DO11.10 T-cell proliferation, and the production of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. |
| 2600 | 15972497 | StxB1-treated DCs exhibited an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 (IL-12) production, a stimulation of DO11.10 T-cell proliferation, and the production of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. |
| 2601 | 15972497 | When mice were given StxB1 subcutaneously, the levels of CD80, CD86, and CD40, as well as MHC class II expression by splenic DCs, were enhanced. |
| 2602 | 15972497 | When mice were given StxB1 subcutaneously, the levels of CD80, CD86, and CD40, as well as MHC class II expression by splenic DCs, were enhanced. |
| 2603 | 15972497 | OVA-specific CD4+ T cells isolated from mice immunized with OVA plus mStx1 or StxB1 produced IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, indicating that mStx1 and StxB1 elicit both Th1- and Th2-type responses. |
| 2604 | 15972497 | OVA-specific CD4+ T cells isolated from mice immunized with OVA plus mStx1 or StxB1 produced IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, indicating that mStx1 and StxB1 elicit both Th1- and Th2-type responses. |
| 2605 | 15964669 | Here, we demonstrate that MALP-2 induces MIP1alpha and beta, MIP-2, Gro, TNFalpha, IL1alpha and IL6 in cells of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in vitro. |
| 2606 | 15949924 | These two types of fimbriae were moderate inductors of IL-6 and interferon and almost inactive with regard to the stimulation of TNF when tested in human whole blood assay. |
| 2607 | 15944297 | HPV16 L1 VLP also activate production of proinflammatory factors IFN-alpha, IL-6, MIP-1alpha, RANTES, and KC, up-regulate the expression of costimulatory molecules by naive B cells, and increase the B1 B cell subpopulation. |
| 2608 | 15944297 | Thus HPV16 L1 VLP directly activate B cells to induce CD4(+) T cell independent humoral immune responses via TLR4- and MyD88-dependent signaling. |
| 2609 | 15944074 | Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were assessed at baseline and 3 h post-injection. |
| 2610 | 15944074 | No changes in TNF-alpha or IL-1Ra concentration were recorded in either group. |
| 2611 | 15894487 | It was observed that the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 production rather than IL-4 and IL-6 were increased as the disease became more severe. |
| 2612 | 15894487 | It was observed that the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 production rather than IL-4 and IL-6 were increased as the disease became more severe. |
| 2613 | 15894487 | On comparison, the subsequent values of IL-6, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-2 were found to be less significant in healthy primed T-cell cultures. |
| 2614 | 15894487 | On comparison, the subsequent values of IL-6, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-2 were found to be less significant in healthy primed T-cell cultures. |
| 2615 | 15893422 | Pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis: mitogen-activated protein kinases Erk1, Erk2, and p38 in the response of astrocytes to Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins. |
| 2616 | 15893422 | Pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis: mitogen-activated protein kinases Erk1, Erk2, and p38 in the response of astrocytes to Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins. |
| 2617 | 15893422 | Pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis: mitogen-activated protein kinases Erk1, Erk2, and p38 in the response of astrocytes to Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins. |
| 2618 | 15893422 | Pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis: mitogen-activated protein kinases Erk1, Erk2, and p38 in the response of astrocytes to Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins. |
| 2619 | 15893422 | Dysregulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha can lead to neuronal damage. |
| 2620 | 15893422 | Dysregulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha can lead to neuronal damage. |
| 2621 | 15893422 | Dysregulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha can lead to neuronal damage. |
| 2622 | 15893422 | Dysregulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha can lead to neuronal damage. |
| 2623 | 15893422 | Lipoproteins are the key inflammatory molecule type of Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, and we had previously shown that lipoprotein-induced TNF-alpha production in astrocytes caused astrocyte apoptosis, and IL-6 enhanced proliferation of these cells. |
| 2624 | 15893422 | Lipoproteins are the key inflammatory molecule type of Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, and we had previously shown that lipoprotein-induced TNF-alpha production in astrocytes caused astrocyte apoptosis, and IL-6 enhanced proliferation of these cells. |
| 2625 | 15893422 | Lipoproteins are the key inflammatory molecule type of Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, and we had previously shown that lipoprotein-induced TNF-alpha production in astrocytes caused astrocyte apoptosis, and IL-6 enhanced proliferation of these cells. |
| 2626 | 15893422 | Lipoproteins are the key inflammatory molecule type of Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, and we had previously shown that lipoprotein-induced TNF-alpha production in astrocytes caused astrocyte apoptosis, and IL-6 enhanced proliferation of these cells. |
| 2627 | 15893422 | Lipoproteins readily activated p38 and Erk1/2 MAPK, thus enlisting these pathways among the kinase pathways that spirochetes may address as they invade the central nervous system. |
| 2628 | 15893422 | Lipoproteins readily activated p38 and Erk1/2 MAPK, thus enlisting these pathways among the kinase pathways that spirochetes may address as they invade the central nervous system. |
| 2629 | 15893422 | Lipoproteins readily activated p38 and Erk1/2 MAPK, thus enlisting these pathways among the kinase pathways that spirochetes may address as they invade the central nervous system. |
| 2630 | 15893422 | Lipoproteins readily activated p38 and Erk1/2 MAPK, thus enlisting these pathways among the kinase pathways that spirochetes may address as they invade the central nervous system. |
| 2631 | 15893422 | We also investigated whether specific inhibition of p38 and Erk1/2 MAPK would inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-6 production and thus astrocyte apoptosis, and proliferation, respectively. |
| 2632 | 15893422 | We also investigated whether specific inhibition of p38 and Erk1/2 MAPK would inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-6 production and thus astrocyte apoptosis, and proliferation, respectively. |
| 2633 | 15893422 | We also investigated whether specific inhibition of p38 and Erk1/2 MAPK would inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-6 production and thus astrocyte apoptosis, and proliferation, respectively. |
| 2634 | 15893422 | We also investigated whether specific inhibition of p38 and Erk1/2 MAPK would inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-6 production and thus astrocyte apoptosis, and proliferation, respectively. |
| 2635 | 15893422 | Lipoprotein-stimulated IL-6 production was unaffected by the MAPK inhibitors. |
| 2636 | 15893422 | Lipoprotein-stimulated IL-6 production was unaffected by the MAPK inhibitors. |
| 2637 | 15893422 | Lipoprotein-stimulated IL-6 production was unaffected by the MAPK inhibitors. |
| 2638 | 15893422 | Lipoprotein-stimulated IL-6 production was unaffected by the MAPK inhibitors. |
| 2639 | 15893422 | In contrast, inhibition of both p38 and Erk1/2 significantly diminished TNF-alpha production, and totally abrogated production of this cytokine when both MAPK pathways were inhibited simultaneously. |
| 2640 | 15893422 | In contrast, inhibition of both p38 and Erk1/2 significantly diminished TNF-alpha production, and totally abrogated production of this cytokine when both MAPK pathways were inhibited simultaneously. |
| 2641 | 15893422 | In contrast, inhibition of both p38 and Erk1/2 significantly diminished TNF-alpha production, and totally abrogated production of this cytokine when both MAPK pathways were inhibited simultaneously. |
| 2642 | 15893422 | In contrast, inhibition of both p38 and Erk1/2 significantly diminished TNF-alpha production, and totally abrogated production of this cytokine when both MAPK pathways were inhibited simultaneously. |
| 2643 | 15876450 | Cytokine production (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10) by whole blood cultures, circulating cytokines and acute phase proteins were analysed before and 2 days after vaccination. |
| 2644 | 15855014 | Here, we evaluated innate and adaptive immune system cytokine responses induced by HPV-16 L1 VLP in whole blood (WB) cultures from individuals receiving the vaccine (n=20) or placebo (n=4) before and after vaccination. 11 cytokines were measured: IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF using multiplex bead arrays. |
| 2645 | 15839423 | Resistance to intestinal coccidiosis following DNA immunization with the cloned 3-1E Eimeria gene plus IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-gamma. |
| 2646 | 15839423 | A cloned Eimeria acervulina gene (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis, both alone and in combination with genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or interferon (IFN)-gamma. |
| 2647 | 15839423 | Combined immunization with the 3-1E and IL-1, IL-2, IL-15, or IFN-gamma genes induced higher serum antibody responses compared with immunization with 3-1E alone. |
| 2648 | 15839423 | Following parasite infection, chickens hatched from embryos given the 3-1E gene plus the IL-2 or IL-15 genes displayed significantly reduced oocyst shedding compared with those given 3-1E alone, while 3-1E plus IL-15 or IFN-gamma significantly increased weight gain compared with administration of 3-1E alone. |
| 2649 | 15832296 | However, HPV16 VLP induced pDC to secrete of IFN-alpha and IL-6, both cytokines that play a role in the generation of antibody responses, as well as TNFalpha and IL-8. |
| 2650 | 15832296 | Finally, CpG-activated pDC, but not pDC exposed to HPV16 VLP, activated lymphocytes to secrete IL-10 and low levels of IFN-gamma. |
| 2651 | 15824902 | By flow cytometry, we have shown that the ratio CD4+/CD8+ of splenocytes were significantly higher in the antigen-immunized groups. |
| 2652 | 15824902 | The production of IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-6 cytokines was significantly higher in mice immunized with recombinant proteins. |
| 2653 | 15795295 | RNase protection analyses revealed increased expression of numerous cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, MIP-2, interferon gamma-inducible protein, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and T-cell activation gene 3 at 12 h postinfection with KyARgp2F. |
| 2654 | 15780449 | The serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were increased, while no significant increase was observed in interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 2655 | 15777234 | The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha, IL-12, and IL-18 can replace CT as a mucosal adjuvant for antibody induction and induce an increase of mucosal CTL's. |
| 2656 | 15777234 | IL-15 also has the potential to increase antigen-specific CTL activity when used as an adjuvant while IL-5 and IL-6 were shown to be able to markedly increase IgA reactivity to co-expressed heterologous antigen. |
| 2657 | 15776374 | The augmented resistance to S. pyogenes observed in NK cell-depleted mice was associated with serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon- gamma, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-6 during the early phase of infection that were much lower than those detected in nondepleted control mice. |
| 2658 | 15725957 | Co-incubation of immature DCs with ghosts resulted in decreased expression of CD1a, CD80, and CD83 molecules, while addition of maturation mix (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and PGE2) to the cultures enhanced expression of these molecules. |
| 2659 | 15725957 | No marked changes were observed in the expression of the CD11c, CD40, and CD86 surface molecules. |
| 2660 | 15699162 | CpG RNA: identification of novel single-stranded RNA that stimulates human CD14+CD11c+ monocytes. |
| 2661 | 15699162 | The current study identifies a novel class of single-stranded oligoribonucleotides (ORN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs and a poly(G) run at the 3' end (CpG ORN) that directly stimulate human CD14+CD11c+ monocytes but not dendritic cells or B cells. |
| 2662 | 15699162 | CpG ORN activate NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK, resulting in IL-6 and IL-12 production and costimulatory molecule up-regulation but not IFNalpha. |
| 2663 | 15683854 | Lactoferrin was initially shown to augment IL-12(p40) production from macrophages stimulated with LPS. |
| 2664 | 15683854 | A single immunization of mice with Lactoferrin as an adjunct adjuvant resulted in amplified splenocyte proliferative response to heat-killed BCG, and elevated IL-12(p40) production with increased relative ratios of IL-12/IL-10. |
| 2665 | 15683854 | Furthermore, splenocyte recall response to HK-BCG was augmented for proinflammatory mediators, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, approaching responses generated to complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) immunized controls. |
| 2666 | 15683451 | In a clinical phase I/II study, monocyte-derived DC were generated in vitro utilizing granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and rh-interleukin-4 (IL-4) and used for cancer immunotherapy. |
| 2667 | 15683451 | Polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) + tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced significant IL-12 p70 secretion, which was increased after addition of a decoy IL-10 receptor. |
| 2668 | 15683451 | The lymph node homing chemokine receptor CCR-7 expression was induced by TNF-alpha + IL-1beta + IL-6 + prostaglandin E2 but was not induced by Poly I:C + TNF-alpha. |
| 2669 | 15683451 | In general, DC from patients had an intermediate maturity phenotype with a significantly higher expression of CD40 and CD54 compared with healthy donors. |
| 2670 | 15681458 | Interestingly, a cluster of genes up regulated exclusively in MVA-DeltaE3L-infected cells could be identified, including transcripts for interleukin 6, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein beta, and dual-specificity protein phosphatases. |
| 2671 | 15653438 | Using one CpG-ODN, DSP30, we observed that it could upregulate not only Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) mRNA expression in activated B-cells, but also the early expression of CD69 followed by the sequential expression of CD80, CD86 and the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway. |
| 2672 | 15653438 | Furthermore, mRNA expression of certain B-cell-derived cytokines was influenced by exposure to DSP30, with a strong upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and downregulation of IL1-beta. |
| 2673 | 15653438 | Stimulation of B-cells, co-stimulated with IL-2, IL-10 and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) with different CpG-ODNs, had differing effects on the terminal differentiation in vitro of B-cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. |
| 2674 | 15629885 | Upon stimulation with LPS, in comparison with young MPhi, aged MPhi secreted reduced amounts of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-12, cytokines necessary for B cells to respond to TI Ag. |
| 2675 | 15629885 | As aged MPhi have a reduced number of cells expressing Toll-like receptor 4 and CD14, the imbalance in cytokine production might be partly a result of fewer cells expressing key components of the LPS receptor complex. |
| 2676 | 15626469 | A panel of three CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and three eukaryotic expression vectors currently used in experimental DNA vaccines in pigs (pcDNA1, pcDNA3.1 and pCI) were screened for their immunostimulatory activity on porcine PBMC by evaluating in vitro the lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine profiles (IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha). |
| 2677 | 15626469 | A panel of three CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and three eukaryotic expression vectors currently used in experimental DNA vaccines in pigs (pcDNA1, pcDNA3.1 and pCI) were screened for their immunostimulatory activity on porcine PBMC by evaluating in vitro the lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine profiles (IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha). |
| 2678 | 15626469 | A panel of three CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and three eukaryotic expression vectors currently used in experimental DNA vaccines in pigs (pcDNA1, pcDNA3.1 and pCI) were screened for their immunostimulatory activity on porcine PBMC by evaluating in vitro the lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine profiles (IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha). |
| 2679 | 15626469 | Furthermore, CpG-ODN A significantly induced IL-6 and TNF-alpha together with elevated levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression even though considerable heterogeneity was observed in the response of individual pigs. |
| 2680 | 15626469 | Furthermore, CpG-ODN A significantly induced IL-6 and TNF-alpha together with elevated levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression even though considerable heterogeneity was observed in the response of individual pigs. |
| 2681 | 15626469 | Furthermore, CpG-ODN A significantly induced IL-6 and TNF-alpha together with elevated levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression even though considerable heterogeneity was observed in the response of individual pigs. |
| 2682 | 15626469 | For pcDNA1, proliferation was absent together with significantly decreased levels of IL-6 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2683 | 15626469 | For pcDNA1, proliferation was absent together with significantly decreased levels of IL-6 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2684 | 15626469 | For pcDNA1, proliferation was absent together with significantly decreased levels of IL-6 and IFN-gamma. |
| 2685 | 15620477 | Virus-induced Th1-like cytokine protein and mRNA (IFNgamma and IL-2) were identified, particularly IFNgamma. |
| 2686 | 15620477 | Th2-like cytokine protein and mRNA (IL-4 and IL-6) were also induced in an FMDV-specific manner. |
| 2687 | 15618168 | The development of the neurokinin-1 receptor-deficient (NK1R(-/-)) mouse permitted inquiry into the regulation of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) responses by substance P (SP) after oral immunization with a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vector expressing colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. |
| 2688 | 15618168 | However, these S-IgA responses were supported by increased numbers of PP CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells secreting interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-6 and splenic CD4(+) Th cells secreting IL-6 compared to NK1R(+/+) mice. |
| 2689 | 15606799 | Porin of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 increased the mRNA levels for Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR6, by 1.8-fold and twofold, respectively, in peritoneal cavity B-2 cells from C57BL/6 mice, implicating that the co-expression of TLR2 and TLR6 occurs as a combinatorial repertoire in response to porin. |
| 2690 | 15606799 | Among the two key TLRs, TLR2 and TLR4, which are primarily responsible for recognizing the majority of bacterial products, TLR2 alone participates in porin recognition. |
| 2691 | 15606799 | TLR2 expression was increased on B-2 cells, whereas the expression of TLR4 remained unaffected. |
| 2692 | 15606799 | The porin-mediated inductions of IgG2a and IgA were augmented by interleukin-6 on B-2 cells, by 2.7- and 1.6-fold, respectively. |
| 2693 | 15557642 | During the course of infection, the serum levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-6 were higher in iNOS(-/-) and p47(phox-/-) mice than in wild-type mice. |
| 2694 | 15557632 | The DeltafbpA mutant induced a stronger expression of pulmonary mRNA messages in mice for tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), gamma interferon, IL-6, IL-2, and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, which led to its decline, while H37Rv persisted despite strong immune responses. |
| 2695 | 15557615 | A purified recombinant protein from Eimeria acervulina (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis both alone and in combination with expression plasmids encoding the interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene. |
| 2696 | 15557615 | Simultaneous immunization with 3-1E and the IL-2, -15, -17, or -18 or IFN-gamma gene further reduced oocyst shedding compared with that achieved with 3-1E alone. |
| 2697 | 15553669 | Monocytes were separated from the peripheral blood collected by leukapheresis, and were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days. |
| 2698 | 15553669 | Then, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and PGE2 were added for maturation of DC. |
| 2699 | 15553669 | Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 balances improved in six of the nine patients after vaccination. |
| 2700 | 15553669 | In this study, it was shown that immunosuppressive factors, such as IAP and TGF-beta, and Th1 balance are useful as markers of immunomonitoring for tumor-DC fusion vaccine in patients with advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal patients. |
| 2701 | 15549730 | Transcutaneous immunization also elicited potent cellular immune responses against Tat and the secretion of high levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-6. |
| 2702 | 15543094 | The elevated levels of immunoglobulins, about 20% more muscle in the pulmonary arteries, increased airway smooth muscle cells, and increased fetal hemoglobin and erythropoietin are evidence of chronic hypoxia before death. |
| 2703 | 15543094 | These proinflammatory cytokines down-regulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 and/or other enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, thus affecting metabolism of several endogenous lipophilic substances, such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and exogenous substances. |
| 2704 | 15543094 | PEPCK deficit found in SIDS infants (caused also by vitamin A deficiency) and eventually enhanced by PACAP lipolysis of adipocyte triglycerides resulted in an increased FA level in blood because of their impaired reesterification to triacylglycerol in adipocytes. |
| 2705 | 15543094 | Pulmonary edema and petechial hemorrhages often present in SIDS victims may be the result of the vascular leak syndrome caused by IL-2 and IFN-alpha. |
| 2706 | 15543094 | Chronic hypoxia with the release of proinflammatory mediators IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, and overloading of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems due to the narrowing airways and small pulmonary arteries of these children could also contribute to the development of these abnormalities. |
| 2707 | 15543094 | Moreover, chronic hypoxia of SIDS infants induced also production of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha), which stimulated synthesis and release of different growth factors by vascular endothelial cells and intensified subclinical inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system, perhaps potentiated also by PACAP and VIP gene mutations. |
| 2708 | 15542655 | Replication-deficient NS1 mutant viruses induced a rapid local release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6. |
| 2709 | 15542655 | Replication-deficient NS1 mutant viruses induced a rapid local release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6. |
| 2710 | 15542655 | The most rapid onset of the recall CD8(+)-T-cell response upon the wild-type virus challenge was detected in mice primed with NS1 mutant viruses eliciting high levels of cytokines. |
| 2711 | 15542655 | The most rapid onset of the recall CD8(+)-T-cell response upon the wild-type virus challenge was detected in mice primed with NS1 mutant viruses eliciting high levels of cytokines. |
| 2712 | 15542655 | It is noteworthy that there was one NS1 mutant virus encoding NS1 protein with a deletion of 40 amino acids predominantly in the RNA-binding domain that induced the highest levels of IFN-alpha/beta, IL-6 and IL-1beta after infection. |
| 2713 | 15542655 | It is noteworthy that there was one NS1 mutant virus encoding NS1 protein with a deletion of 40 amino acids predominantly in the RNA-binding domain that induced the highest levels of IFN-alpha/beta, IL-6 and IL-1beta after infection. |
| 2714 | 15542449 | Expression of an interleukin-6 - interleukin-2 fusion protein (pIL-6-IL-2) in P. pastoris. |
| 2715 | 15542449 | Expression of an interleukin-6 - interleukin-2 fusion protein (pIL-6-IL-2) in P. pastoris. |
| 2716 | 15542449 | Expression of an interleukin-6 - interleukin-2 fusion protein (pIL-6-IL-2) in P. pastoris. |
| 2717 | 15542449 | Expression of an interleukin-6 - interleukin-2 fusion protein (pIL-6-IL-2) in P. pastoris. |
| 2718 | 15542449 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 can stimulate the growth and proliferation of T lymphocytes and the differentiation of activated B lymphocytes respectively, and in turn enhance cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 2719 | 15542449 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 can stimulate the growth and proliferation of T lymphocytes and the differentiation of activated B lymphocytes respectively, and in turn enhance cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 2720 | 15542449 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 can stimulate the growth and proliferation of T lymphocytes and the differentiation of activated B lymphocytes respectively, and in turn enhance cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 2721 | 15542449 | Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 can stimulate the growth and proliferation of T lymphocytes and the differentiation of activated B lymphocytes respectively, and in turn enhance cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 2722 | 15542449 | In this work, an expression clone using Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast strain, has been developed in order to produce large amounts of the functional recombinant fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2, which contains the mature porcine interleukin-6 peptide and the mature porcine interleukin-2 peptide. |
| 2723 | 15542449 | In this work, an expression clone using Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast strain, has been developed in order to produce large amounts of the functional recombinant fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2, which contains the mature porcine interleukin-6 peptide and the mature porcine interleukin-2 peptide. |
| 2724 | 15542449 | In this work, an expression clone using Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast strain, has been developed in order to produce large amounts of the functional recombinant fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2, which contains the mature porcine interleukin-6 peptide and the mature porcine interleukin-2 peptide. |
| 2725 | 15542449 | In this work, an expression clone using Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast strain, has been developed in order to produce large amounts of the functional recombinant fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2, which contains the mature porcine interleukin-6 peptide and the mature porcine interleukin-2 peptide. |
| 2726 | 15542449 | This was confirmed to be pIL-6-IL-2 by means of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis. |
| 2727 | 15542449 | This was confirmed to be pIL-6-IL-2 by means of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis. |
| 2728 | 15542449 | This was confirmed to be pIL-6-IL-2 by means of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis. |
| 2729 | 15542449 | This was confirmed to be pIL-6-IL-2 by means of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis. |
| 2730 | 15542449 | After treatment with PNGase F and analysis of the concentration of sugar, the fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2 was further confirmed to be mainly a glycoprotein with an approximately 2 kDa sugar decoration. |
| 2731 | 15542449 | After treatment with PNGase F and analysis of the concentration of sugar, the fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2 was further confirmed to be mainly a glycoprotein with an approximately 2 kDa sugar decoration. |
| 2732 | 15542449 | After treatment with PNGase F and analysis of the concentration of sugar, the fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2 was further confirmed to be mainly a glycoprotein with an approximately 2 kDa sugar decoration. |
| 2733 | 15542449 | After treatment with PNGase F and analysis of the concentration of sugar, the fusion protein pIL-6-IL-2 was further confirmed to be mainly a glycoprotein with an approximately 2 kDa sugar decoration. |
| 2734 | 15542449 | In addition, the IL-6 and IL-2 biological activities of the fusion protein, determined by cell proliferation assays using the IL6-dependent cell line B9 and the IL2-dependent cell line CTLL-2, reached 1 x 10(5) Umg and 8 x 10(5) Umg, respectively. |
| 2735 | 15542449 | In addition, the IL-6 and IL-2 biological activities of the fusion protein, determined by cell proliferation assays using the IL6-dependent cell line B9 and the IL2-dependent cell line CTLL-2, reached 1 x 10(5) Umg and 8 x 10(5) Umg, respectively. |
| 2736 | 15542449 | In addition, the IL-6 and IL-2 biological activities of the fusion protein, determined by cell proliferation assays using the IL6-dependent cell line B9 and the IL2-dependent cell line CTLL-2, reached 1 x 10(5) Umg and 8 x 10(5) Umg, respectively. |
| 2737 | 15542449 | In addition, the IL-6 and IL-2 biological activities of the fusion protein, determined by cell proliferation assays using the IL6-dependent cell line B9 and the IL2-dependent cell line CTLL-2, reached 1 x 10(5) Umg and 8 x 10(5) Umg, respectively. |
| 2738 | 15541469 | A phase-I clinical trial of active immunotherapy for acute leukemia using inactivated autologous leukemia cells mixed with IL-2, GM-CSF, and IL-6. |
| 2739 | 15539940 | Marked heterogeneity was observed among the hybrid clones and only one clone exhibited characteristic features of DC (CD86 and I-A expression, dendritic morphology, T cell-stimulatory capacity and IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha production), suggesting that only small fractions of DC-tumor hybrids acquire and maintain the properties of parental DC. |
| 2740 | 15530685 | Significant increases in mRNA and protein production of T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (IL-2, IFNgamma), mRNA production of a cytotoxic-effector molecule (perforin), and lymphoproliferation response were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from dual-subtype FIV-vaccinated cats after in vitro stimulation with inactivated FIV. |
| 2741 | 15530685 | In contrast, no statistically significant increase in FIV-stimulated mRNA production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) or other cytotoxic-effector molecules (TNFalpha, FasL) was observed in the PBMC from dual-subtype vaccinated cats. |
| 2742 | 15530685 | Moreover, no FIV-specific increases in the IFNgamma, IL-2, and perforin mRNA productions and in the IFNgamma bioactivity and lymphoproliferation responses were observed in the PBMC from cell-immunized cats. |
| 2743 | 15530685 | These observations suggest that IFNgamma induction, lymphoproliferation, and significant portion of IL-2 and perforin productions in the PBMC from dual-subtype vaccinated cats are clearly specific for viral antigens. |
| 2744 | 15530685 | Overall, dual-subtype FIV vaccine elicited strong Th1 response (IFN(, IL-2), which may contribute to the vaccine protection by enhancing the perforin-mediated cytotoxic-cell activity against FIV. |
| 2745 | 15482852 | Porin of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 increased the mRNA levels for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR6 by 1.5- and 2.9-fold respectively, of peritoneal cavity B-1a and B-1b cells, implicating that coexpression of TLR2 and TLR6 is essential as a combinatorial repertoire for recognition of porin by the B-1 cells. |
| 2746 | 15482852 | Among the two key TLRs, TLR2 and TLR4, which are primarily responsible for recognizing majority of the bacterial products, TLR2 and not TLR4, participates in porin recognition. |
| 2747 | 15482852 | TLR2 got increased on both the B-1 cell populations whereas the TLR4 expression remained unaffected. |
| 2748 | 15482852 | Both of the B-1 cell populations expressed strongly the mRNA for NF-kappaB in the presence of porin, that was 2.4-fold more than untreated control, conforming to the earlier finding that coexpression of TLR2 and TLR6, resulted in robust NF-kappaB activation for signaling. |
| 2749 | 15482852 | CD80 expression got enhanced on the B-1a cells whereas CD86 got solely expressed on B-1b cells. |
| 2750 | 15482852 | The porin-mediated induction of IgA was augmented by interleukin-6 on B-1a and B-1b cells, by 2.4- and 2.6-fold, respectively. |
| 2751 | 15477589 | Elaboration of cytokines, including IL-6 and IFN-gamma, contribute to a cytokine storm formerly known as "toxemia." |
| 2752 | 15385460 | Serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-12(p70) in Malian children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and matched uncomplicated malaria or healthy controls. |
| 2753 | 15385460 | Serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-12(p70) in Malian children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and matched uncomplicated malaria or healthy controls. |
| 2754 | 15385460 | Serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-12(p70) in Malian children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and matched uncomplicated malaria or healthy controls. |
| 2755 | 15385460 | Serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-12(p70) in Malian children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and matched uncomplicated malaria or healthy controls. |
| 2756 | 15385460 | Serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-12(p70) in Malian children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and matched uncomplicated malaria or healthy controls. |
| 2757 | 15385460 | Significantly elevated levels (given as geometric mean concentrations in picograms/milliliter) of interleukin-6 (IL-6; 485.2 versus 54.1; P = <0.001), IL-10 (1,099.3 versus 14.1; P = <0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha (10.1 versus 7.7; P = <0.001), and IL-12(p70) (48.9 versus 31.3; P = 0.004) in serum were found in severe cases versus healthy controls. |
| 2758 | 15385460 | Significantly elevated levels (given as geometric mean concentrations in picograms/milliliter) of interleukin-6 (IL-6; 485.2 versus 54.1; P = <0.001), IL-10 (1,099.3 versus 14.1; P = <0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha (10.1 versus 7.7; P = <0.001), and IL-12(p70) (48.9 versus 31.3; P = 0.004) in serum were found in severe cases versus healthy controls. |
| 2759 | 15385460 | Significantly elevated levels (given as geometric mean concentrations in picograms/milliliter) of interleukin-6 (IL-6; 485.2 versus 54.1; P = <0.001), IL-10 (1,099.3 versus 14.1; P = <0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha (10.1 versus 7.7; P = <0.001), and IL-12(p70) (48.9 versus 31.3; P = 0.004) in serum were found in severe cases versus healthy controls. |
| 2760 | 15385460 | Significantly elevated levels (given as geometric mean concentrations in picograms/milliliter) of interleukin-6 (IL-6; 485.2 versus 54.1; P = <0.001), IL-10 (1,099.3 versus 14.1; P = <0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha (10.1 versus 7.7; P = <0.001), and IL-12(p70) (48.9 versus 31.3; P = 0.004) in serum were found in severe cases versus healthy controls. |
| 2761 | 15385460 | Significantly elevated levels (given as geometric mean concentrations in picograms/milliliter) of interleukin-6 (IL-6; 485.2 versus 54.1; P = <0.001), IL-10 (1,099.3 versus 14.1; P = <0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha (10.1 versus 7.7; P = <0.001), and IL-12(p70) (48.9 versus 31.3; P = 0.004) in serum were found in severe cases versus healthy controls. |
| 2762 | 15385460 | Significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (485.2 versus 141.0; P = <0.001) and IL-10 (1,099.3 versus 133.9; P = <0.001) were seen in severe malaria cases versus uncomplicated malaria controls. |
| 2763 | 15385460 | Significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (485.2 versus 141.0; P = <0.001) and IL-10 (1,099.3 versus 133.9; P = <0.001) were seen in severe malaria cases versus uncomplicated malaria controls. |
| 2764 | 15385460 | Significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (485.2 versus 141.0; P = <0.001) and IL-10 (1,099.3 versus 133.9; P = <0.001) were seen in severe malaria cases versus uncomplicated malaria controls. |
| 2765 | 15385460 | Significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (485.2 versus 141.0; P = <0.001) and IL-10 (1,099.3 versus 133.9; P = <0.001) were seen in severe malaria cases versus uncomplicated malaria controls. |
| 2766 | 15385460 | Significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (485.2 versus 141.0; P = <0.001) and IL-10 (1,099.3 versus 133.9; P = <0.001) were seen in severe malaria cases versus uncomplicated malaria controls. |
| 2767 | 15385460 | Cerebral malaria was associated with significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (754.5 versus 311.4; P = <0.001) and IL-10 (1,405.6 versus 868.6; P = 0.006) compared to severe malaria cases without cerebral manifestations. |
| 2768 | 15385460 | Cerebral malaria was associated with significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (754.5 versus 311.4; P = <0.001) and IL-10 (1,405.6 versus 868.6; P = 0.006) compared to severe malaria cases without cerebral manifestations. |
| 2769 | 15385460 | Cerebral malaria was associated with significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (754.5 versus 311.4; P = <0.001) and IL-10 (1,405.6 versus 868.6; P = 0.006) compared to severe malaria cases without cerebral manifestations. |
| 2770 | 15385460 | Cerebral malaria was associated with significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (754.5 versus 311.4; P = <0.001) and IL-10 (1,405.6 versus 868.6; P = 0.006) compared to severe malaria cases without cerebral manifestations. |
| 2771 | 15385460 | Cerebral malaria was associated with significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (754.5 versus 311.4; P = <0.001) and IL-10 (1,405.6 versus 868.6; P = 0.006) compared to severe malaria cases without cerebral manifestations. |
| 2772 | 15385460 | Conversely, lower levels of IL-6 (199.2 versus 487.6; P = 0.03) and IL-10 (391.1 versus 1,160.9; P = 0.002) were noted in children with severe anemia compared to severe malaria cases with hemoglobin at >5 g/dl. |
| 2773 | 15385460 | Conversely, lower levels of IL-6 (199.2 versus 487.6; P = 0.03) and IL-10 (391.1 versus 1,160.9; P = 0.002) were noted in children with severe anemia compared to severe malaria cases with hemoglobin at >5 g/dl. |
| 2774 | 15385460 | Conversely, lower levels of IL-6 (199.2 versus 487.6; P = 0.03) and IL-10 (391.1 versus 1,160.9; P = 0.002) were noted in children with severe anemia compared to severe malaria cases with hemoglobin at >5 g/dl. |
| 2775 | 15385460 | Conversely, lower levels of IL-6 (199.2 versus 487.6; P = 0.03) and IL-10 (391.1 versus 1,160.9; P = 0.002) were noted in children with severe anemia compared to severe malaria cases with hemoglobin at >5 g/dl. |
| 2776 | 15385460 | Conversely, lower levels of IL-6 (199.2 versus 487.6; P = 0.03) and IL-10 (391.1 versus 1,160.9; P = 0.002) were noted in children with severe anemia compared to severe malaria cases with hemoglobin at >5 g/dl. |
| 2777 | 15367591 | The appearance of virus-specific CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of captive juvenile rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was observed following rotavirus infection. |
| 2778 | 15367591 | The appearance of virus-specific CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of captive juvenile rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was observed following rotavirus infection. |
| 2779 | 15367591 | Restimulation of peripheral T lymphocytes by inactivated double- or triple-layered TUCH rotavirus particles containing either VP6 or VP4 and VP7 on their respective surfaces resulted in increased quantities of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-12 in cell culture supernatants. |
| 2780 | 15367591 | Restimulation of peripheral T lymphocytes by inactivated double- or triple-layered TUCH rotavirus particles containing either VP6 or VP4 and VP7 on their respective surfaces resulted in increased quantities of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-12 in cell culture supernatants. |
| 2781 | 15367591 | Recall responses to rotavirus by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes were associated with accumulation of intracellular IL-6 and gamma interferon. |
| 2782 | 15367591 | Recall responses to rotavirus by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes were associated with accumulation of intracellular IL-6 and gamma interferon. |
| 2783 | 15359643 | Peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes from multiple myeloma (MM) patients can be induced to differentiate into fully functional, mature, CD83+ dendritic cells (DCs) which are highly efficient in priming autologous T lymphocytes in response to the patient-specific tumor idiotype (Id). |
| 2784 | 15359643 | Cells were then cultured, according to Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines, in FCS-free medium in cell culture bags, and differentiated to DCs with GM-CSF plus IL-4 followed by TNF-alpha or, more recently, by a cocktail of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and prostaglandin-E2. |
| 2785 | 15359643 | Notably, the cytokine cocktail induced a significantly higher percentage and yield (31+/-10.9 of initial CD14+ cells) of DCs than TNF-alpha alone, secretion of larger amounts of IL-12, potent stimulatory activity on allogeneic and autologous T cells. |
| 2786 | 15356430 | Urinary tract diseases revealed after DTP vaccination in infants and young children: cytokine irregularities and down-regulation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes induced by the vaccine may uncover latent diseases in genetically predisposed subjects. |
| 2787 | 15356430 | Urinary tract diseases revealed after DTP vaccination in infants and young children: cytokine irregularities and down-regulation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes induced by the vaccine may uncover latent diseases in genetically predisposed subjects. |
| 2788 | 15356430 | Urinary tract diseases revealed after DTP vaccination in infants and young children: cytokine irregularities and down-regulation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes induced by the vaccine may uncover latent diseases in genetically predisposed subjects. |
| 2789 | 15356430 | It is suggested that the whole-cell pertussis present in DTP vaccine, acting as an excessive stimulus in these patients, produced symptoms reminiscent of biologic responses to circulating proinflammatory monokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 because earlier it was reported that in vitro the whole-cell vaccine induced significantly more such cytokine production than did the acellular pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus-only vaccine. |
| 2790 | 15356430 | It is suggested that the whole-cell pertussis present in DTP vaccine, acting as an excessive stimulus in these patients, produced symptoms reminiscent of biologic responses to circulating proinflammatory monokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 because earlier it was reported that in vitro the whole-cell vaccine induced significantly more such cytokine production than did the acellular pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus-only vaccine. |
| 2791 | 15356430 | It is suggested that the whole-cell pertussis present in DTP vaccine, acting as an excessive stimulus in these patients, produced symptoms reminiscent of biologic responses to circulating proinflammatory monokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 because earlier it was reported that in vitro the whole-cell vaccine induced significantly more such cytokine production than did the acellular pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus-only vaccine. |
| 2792 | 15356430 | Analysis of the cellular immune disturbances previously reported in urinary tract infection/inflammation (increased serum and/or urinary IL-1alpha, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6 and IL-8), steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (increased IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and decreased or increased IL-4, depending on the cells studied), and atopic dermatitis (decreased IFN-gamma and increased IL-4 production), may suggest that similar subclinical chronic cytokine-mediated abnormalities produced in the course of latent diseases revealed in our patients, combined with those caused by DTP vaccination stimulus, were responsible for the pathomechanism of these clinical entities. |
| 2793 | 15356430 | Analysis of the cellular immune disturbances previously reported in urinary tract infection/inflammation (increased serum and/or urinary IL-1alpha, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6 and IL-8), steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (increased IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and decreased or increased IL-4, depending on the cells studied), and atopic dermatitis (decreased IFN-gamma and increased IL-4 production), may suggest that similar subclinical chronic cytokine-mediated abnormalities produced in the course of latent diseases revealed in our patients, combined with those caused by DTP vaccination stimulus, were responsible for the pathomechanism of these clinical entities. |
| 2794 | 15356430 | Analysis of the cellular immune disturbances previously reported in urinary tract infection/inflammation (increased serum and/or urinary IL-1alpha, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6 and IL-8), steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (increased IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and decreased or increased IL-4, depending on the cells studied), and atopic dermatitis (decreased IFN-gamma and increased IL-4 production), may suggest that similar subclinical chronic cytokine-mediated abnormalities produced in the course of latent diseases revealed in our patients, combined with those caused by DTP vaccination stimulus, were responsible for the pathomechanism of these clinical entities. |
| 2795 | 15356430 | This speculation is in agreement with the reports on the long-lasting induction of cytokine release and down-regulation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme activities after administration of DTP vaccine to mice and may be supported by the fact that TH1 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and RANTES, whereas TH2 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of the vascular cell adhesion molecule and P-selectin, which are key players in the migration into inflamed tissues and localization of lymphocytes and other allergic effector and inflammatory cells. |
| 2796 | 15356430 | This speculation is in agreement with the reports on the long-lasting induction of cytokine release and down-regulation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme activities after administration of DTP vaccine to mice and may be supported by the fact that TH1 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and RANTES, whereas TH2 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of the vascular cell adhesion molecule and P-selectin, which are key players in the migration into inflamed tissues and localization of lymphocytes and other allergic effector and inflammatory cells. |
| 2797 | 15356430 | This speculation is in agreement with the reports on the long-lasting induction of cytokine release and down-regulation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme activities after administration of DTP vaccine to mice and may be supported by the fact that TH1 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and RANTES, whereas TH2 phenotype is associated with the up-regulation of the vascular cell adhesion molecule and P-selectin, which are key players in the migration into inflamed tissues and localization of lymphocytes and other allergic effector and inflammatory cells. |
| 2798 | 15356430 | Because several inflammatory cytokines down-regulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 and/or other enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, thus affecting the metabolism of several endogenous lipophilic substances such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and exogenous substances, their irregularities in the body may eventually lead to the flare of latent diseases in some predisposed subjects. |
| 2799 | 15356430 | Because several inflammatory cytokines down-regulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 and/or other enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, thus affecting the metabolism of several endogenous lipophilic substances such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and exogenous substances, their irregularities in the body may eventually lead to the flare of latent diseases in some predisposed subjects. |
| 2800 | 15356430 | Because several inflammatory cytokines down-regulate gene expression of major cytochrome P-450 and/or other enzymes with the specific effects on mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, thus affecting the metabolism of several endogenous lipophilic substances such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and exogenous substances, their irregularities in the body may eventually lead to the flare of latent diseases in some predisposed subjects. |
| 2801 | 15356430 | Also, interleukin genetic polymorphisms, especially the constellation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 genetic variants, might predispose some infants with infection to a more than usually intense inflammatory response in the kidneys after vaccination. |
| 2802 | 15356430 | Also, interleukin genetic polymorphisms, especially the constellation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 genetic variants, might predispose some infants with infection to a more than usually intense inflammatory response in the kidneys after vaccination. |
| 2803 | 15356430 | Also, interleukin genetic polymorphisms, especially the constellation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 genetic variants, might predispose some infants with infection to a more than usually intense inflammatory response in the kidneys after vaccination. |
| 2804 | 15356132 | IL-6 regulates in vivo dendritic cell differentiation through STAT3 activation. |
| 2805 | 15356132 | IL-6 regulates in vivo dendritic cell differentiation through STAT3 activation. |
| 2806 | 15356132 | IL-6 regulates in vivo dendritic cell differentiation through STAT3 activation. |
| 2807 | 15356132 | IL-6 regulates in vivo dendritic cell differentiation through STAT3 activation. |
| 2808 | 15356132 | IL-6 regulates in vivo dendritic cell differentiation through STAT3 activation. |
| 2809 | 15356132 | We examined this effect further in knockin mice expressing mutant versions of the IL-6 signal transducer gp130, with defective signaling through either Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2/Gab/MAPK (gp130(F759/F759)) or STAT3 (gp130(FxxQ/FxxQ)), and combined gp130 and IL-6 defects (gp130(F759/F759)/IL-6 KO mice). |
| 2810 | 15356132 | We examined this effect further in knockin mice expressing mutant versions of the IL-6 signal transducer gp130, with defective signaling through either Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2/Gab/MAPK (gp130(F759/F759)) or STAT3 (gp130(FxxQ/FxxQ)), and combined gp130 and IL-6 defects (gp130(F759/F759)/IL-6 KO mice). |
| 2811 | 15356132 | We examined this effect further in knockin mice expressing mutant versions of the IL-6 signal transducer gp130, with defective signaling through either Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2/Gab/MAPK (gp130(F759/F759)) or STAT3 (gp130(FxxQ/FxxQ)), and combined gp130 and IL-6 defects (gp130(F759/F759)/IL-6 KO mice). |
| 2812 | 15356132 | We examined this effect further in knockin mice expressing mutant versions of the IL-6 signal transducer gp130, with defective signaling through either Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2/Gab/MAPK (gp130(F759/F759)) or STAT3 (gp130(FxxQ/FxxQ)), and combined gp130 and IL-6 defects (gp130(F759/F759)/IL-6 KO mice). |
| 2813 | 15356132 | We examined this effect further in knockin mice expressing mutant versions of the IL-6 signal transducer gp130, with defective signaling through either Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2/Gab/MAPK (gp130(F759/F759)) or STAT3 (gp130(FxxQ/FxxQ)), and combined gp130 and IL-6 defects (gp130(F759/F759)/IL-6 KO mice). |
| 2814 | 15356132 | Importantly, we found STAT3 activation by IL-6 was required for the suppression of LPS-induced DC maturation. |
| 2815 | 15356132 | Importantly, we found STAT3 activation by IL-6 was required for the suppression of LPS-induced DC maturation. |
| 2816 | 15356132 | Importantly, we found STAT3 activation by IL-6 was required for the suppression of LPS-induced DC maturation. |
| 2817 | 15356132 | Importantly, we found STAT3 activation by IL-6 was required for the suppression of LPS-induced DC maturation. |
| 2818 | 15356132 | Importantly, we found STAT3 activation by IL-6 was required for the suppression of LPS-induced DC maturation. |
| 2819 | 15356132 | In addition, STAT3 phosphorylation in DCs was regulated by IL-6 in vivo, and STAT3 was necessary for the IL-6 suppression of bone marrow-derived DC activation/maturation. |
| 2820 | 15356132 | In addition, STAT3 phosphorylation in DCs was regulated by IL-6 in vivo, and STAT3 was necessary for the IL-6 suppression of bone marrow-derived DC activation/maturation. |
| 2821 | 15356132 | In addition, STAT3 phosphorylation in DCs was regulated by IL-6 in vivo, and STAT3 was necessary for the IL-6 suppression of bone marrow-derived DC activation/maturation. |
| 2822 | 15356132 | In addition, STAT3 phosphorylation in DCs was regulated by IL-6 in vivo, and STAT3 was necessary for the IL-6 suppression of bone marrow-derived DC activation/maturation. |
| 2823 | 15356132 | In addition, STAT3 phosphorylation in DCs was regulated by IL-6 in vivo, and STAT3 was necessary for the IL-6 suppression of bone marrow-derived DC activation/maturation. |
| 2824 | 15356132 | IL-6 is thus a potent regulator of DC differentiation in vivo, and IL-6-gp130-STAT3 signaling in DCs may represent a critical target for controlling T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. |
| 2825 | 15356132 | IL-6 is thus a potent regulator of DC differentiation in vivo, and IL-6-gp130-STAT3 signaling in DCs may represent a critical target for controlling T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. |
| 2826 | 15356132 | IL-6 is thus a potent regulator of DC differentiation in vivo, and IL-6-gp130-STAT3 signaling in DCs may represent a critical target for controlling T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. |
| 2827 | 15356132 | IL-6 is thus a potent regulator of DC differentiation in vivo, and IL-6-gp130-STAT3 signaling in DCs may represent a critical target for controlling T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. |
| 2828 | 15356132 | IL-6 is thus a potent regulator of DC differentiation in vivo, and IL-6-gp130-STAT3 signaling in DCs may represent a critical target for controlling T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. |
| 2829 | 15353364 | Typical pro-inflammatory cytokines include TNFalpha, IL1 and IL6. |
| 2830 | 15353364 | Typical pro-inflammatory cytokines include TNFalpha, IL1 and IL6. |
| 2831 | 15353364 | Here we showed that administration of adenoviral antigens alone led to a predominant elevation of serum IL6 but not TNFalpha Administration of endotoxin together with adenoviral antigens led to elevation of both serum IL6 and TNFalpha. |
| 2832 | 15353364 | Here we showed that administration of adenoviral antigens alone led to a predominant elevation of serum IL6 but not TNFalpha Administration of endotoxin together with adenoviral antigens led to elevation of both serum IL6 and TNFalpha. |
| 2833 | 15345310 | We have found that a murine cell line that ectopically expresses murine interleukin-6 (mIL-6) and human telomerase (hTERT) efficiently forms stable human antibody-secreting heterohybridomas through cell fusion with primary human B-lymphocytes. |
| 2834 | 15345310 | We have found that a murine cell line that ectopically expresses murine interleukin-6 (mIL-6) and human telomerase (hTERT) efficiently forms stable human antibody-secreting heterohybridomas through cell fusion with primary human B-lymphocytes. |
| 2835 | 15345310 | These experiments establish that SP2/0-derived cell lines ectopically expressing mIL-6 and hTERT will enable the rapid cloning of native human monoclonal antibodies. |
| 2836 | 15345310 | These experiments establish that SP2/0-derived cell lines ectopically expressing mIL-6 and hTERT will enable the rapid cloning of native human monoclonal antibodies. |
| 2837 | 15342937 | Selective generation of different dendritic cell precursors from CD34+ cells by interleukin-6 and interleukin-3. |
| 2838 | 15342937 | Selective generation of different dendritic cell precursors from CD34+ cells by interleukin-6 and interleukin-3. |
| 2839 | 15342937 | Several cytokines, especially stem cell factor (SCF) and FLT3-ligand (FL), have been identified as essential to produce large numbers of myeloid precursors and even to increase DC yield obtained by the action of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 2840 | 15342937 | Several cytokines, especially stem cell factor (SCF) and FLT3-ligand (FL), have been identified as essential to produce large numbers of myeloid precursors and even to increase DC yield obtained by the action of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 2841 | 15342937 | We report here that in the absence of serum, SCF, FL, and thrombopoietin (TPO) plus interleukin-6 (IL-6) and SCF, FL, and TPO plus IL-3 were able to generate CD14+CD1a- and CD14- CD1a+ myeloid DC precursors from CD34+ cells, but IL-6 had an inhibitory effect on the generation of CD14- CD1a+ cells. |
| 2842 | 15342937 | We report here that in the absence of serum, SCF, FL, and thrombopoietin (TPO) plus interleukin-6 (IL-6) and SCF, FL, and TPO plus IL-3 were able to generate CD14+CD1a- and CD14- CD1a+ myeloid DC precursors from CD34+ cells, but IL-6 had an inhibitory effect on the generation of CD14- CD1a+ cells. |
| 2843 | 15342937 | Both DC precursors differentiated into mature DCs by GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-alpha, and DCs obtained from both types of culture exhibited equal allostimulatory capacity. |
| 2844 | 15342937 | Both DC precursors differentiated into mature DCs by GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-alpha, and DCs obtained from both types of culture exhibited equal allostimulatory capacity. |
| 2845 | 15342937 | CD1a+ DCs generated could be identified on the basis of DC-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) expression, a novel C-type lectin receptor expressed on dermal DCs but not on Langerhans cells. |
| 2846 | 15342937 | CD1a+ DCs generated could be identified on the basis of DC-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) expression, a novel C-type lectin receptor expressed on dermal DCs but not on Langerhans cells. |
| 2847 | 15342937 | In addition, the inclusion of IL-3 to the culture medium induced the appearance of CD13- cells that differentiated into plasmacytoid DC (DC2) on the addition of TNF-alpha, allowing the identification of developmental stages of DC2. |
| 2848 | 15342937 | In addition, the inclusion of IL-3 to the culture medium induced the appearance of CD13- cells that differentiated into plasmacytoid DC (DC2) on the addition of TNF-alpha, allowing the identification of developmental stages of DC2. |
| 2849 | 15342370 | We show that IFN-alpha and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (p-I:C) synergize with the "classical" type-1-polarizing cytokine cocktail [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)/IL-1beta/IFNgamma], allowing for serum-free generation of fully mature type-1-polarized DCs (DC1). |
| 2850 | 15342370 | Such "alpha-type-1-polarized DC(s)" (alphaDC1) show high migratory responses to the CCR7 ligand, 6C-kine but produce much higher levels of IL-12p70 as compared to TNFalpha/IL-1beta/IL-6/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-matured DCs (sDC), the current "gold standard" in DC-based cancer vaccination. |
| 2851 | 15342370 | A single round of in vitro sensitization with alphaDC1 (versus sDCs) induces up to 40-fold higher numbers of long-lived CTLs against melanoma-associated antigens: MART-1, gp100, and tyrosinase. |
| 2852 | 15325513 | Increased interleukin-10 associated with low IL-6 concentration correlated with greater survival rates in mice infected by rabies virus vaccinated against it and immunomodulated with P. acnes. |
| 2853 | 15325513 | Increased interleukin-10 associated with low IL-6 concentration correlated with greater survival rates in mice infected by rabies virus vaccinated against it and immunomodulated with P. acnes. |
| 2854 | 15325513 | Greater survival rates higher IL-10 and low IL-6 serum concentration were observed in vaccinated animals treated using P. acnes. |
| 2855 | 15325513 | Greater survival rates higher IL-10 and low IL-6 serum concentration were observed in vaccinated animals treated using P. acnes. |
| 2856 | 15322203 | IL-6 and IL-10 induction from dendritic cells in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is predominantly dependent on TLR2-mediated recognition. |
| 2857 | 15322203 | IL-6 and IL-10 induction from dendritic cells in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is predominantly dependent on TLR2-mediated recognition. |
| 2858 | 15322203 | IL-6 and IL-10 induction from dendritic cells in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is predominantly dependent on TLR2-mediated recognition. |
| 2859 | 15322203 | In this study, we therefore determined the dependency on TLR2 and TLR4 for M. tuberculosis-induced cytokine production by murine dendritic cells. |
| 2860 | 15322203 | In this study, we therefore determined the dependency on TLR2 and TLR4 for M. tuberculosis-induced cytokine production by murine dendritic cells. |
| 2861 | 15322203 | In this study, we therefore determined the dependency on TLR2 and TLR4 for M. tuberculosis-induced cytokine production by murine dendritic cells. |
| 2862 | 15322203 | A key new finding of this study is that production of IL-6 and IL-10 from dendritic cells in response to M. tuberculosis is principally dependent on TLR2. |
| 2863 | 15322203 | A key new finding of this study is that production of IL-6 and IL-10 from dendritic cells in response to M. tuberculosis is principally dependent on TLR2. |
| 2864 | 15322203 | A key new finding of this study is that production of IL-6 and IL-10 from dendritic cells in response to M. tuberculosis is principally dependent on TLR2. |
| 2865 | 15322203 | The study also indicates that M. tuberculosis can induce IL-12 production in the absence of either TLR2 or TLR4, suggesting redundancy or possibly involvement of other receptors in IL-12 production. |
| 2866 | 15322203 | The study also indicates that M. tuberculosis can induce IL-12 production in the absence of either TLR2 or TLR4, suggesting redundancy or possibly involvement of other receptors in IL-12 production. |
| 2867 | 15322203 | The study also indicates that M. tuberculosis can induce IL-12 production in the absence of either TLR2 or TLR4, suggesting redundancy or possibly involvement of other receptors in IL-12 production. |
| 2868 | 15322203 | In addition, the data also reveal that lack of TLR2 or TLR4 does not impact on dendritic cell maturation or on their ability to influence the polarity of differentiating naive T cells. |
| 2869 | 15322203 | In addition, the data also reveal that lack of TLR2 or TLR4 does not impact on dendritic cell maturation or on their ability to influence the polarity of differentiating naive T cells. |
| 2870 | 15322203 | In addition, the data also reveal that lack of TLR2 or TLR4 does not impact on dendritic cell maturation or on their ability to influence the polarity of differentiating naive T cells. |
| 2871 | 15322203 | Collectively, data presented here provide a mechanistic insight for the contribution of TLR2 and TLR4 to tuberculosis disease progression and offer strategies for regulating IL-6 and IL-10 production in dendritic cell-based vaccine strategies. |
| 2872 | 15322203 | Collectively, data presented here provide a mechanistic insight for the contribution of TLR2 and TLR4 to tuberculosis disease progression and offer strategies for regulating IL-6 and IL-10 production in dendritic cell-based vaccine strategies. |
| 2873 | 15322203 | Collectively, data presented here provide a mechanistic insight for the contribution of TLR2 and TLR4 to tuberculosis disease progression and offer strategies for regulating IL-6 and IL-10 production in dendritic cell-based vaccine strategies. |
| 2874 | 15322018 | Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were activated to secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor upon exposure to antigen-free TPL liposomes. |
| 2875 | 15322018 | Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were activated to secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor upon exposure to antigen-free TPL liposomes. |
| 2876 | 15322018 | Although the activity of phosphatidylinositol dimannoside was little influenced by palmitoylation of mannose at C-6, a further palmitoylation at inositol C-3 diminished the induction levels of IL-6 and IL-12. |
| 2877 | 15322018 | Although the activity of phosphatidylinositol dimannoside was little influenced by palmitoylation of mannose at C-6, a further palmitoylation at inositol C-3 diminished the induction levels of IL-6 and IL-12. |
| 2878 | 15315856 | Nasal immunization of mice with ovalbumin (OVA) plus the Stx1-B or mStx1 induced OVA-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses. |
| 2879 | 15315856 | IgG subclass analysis revealed that mStx1 and Stx1-B as mucosal adjuvants supported Ag-specific IgG1 followed by IgG2b Abs. |
| 2880 | 15315856 | The co-administration of either mStx1 or Stx1-B with OVA enhanced the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 with low IFN-gamma, by OVA-specific CD4+ T cells. |
| 2881 | 15315856 | To better elucidate the mechanisms underlying mStx1's and Stx1-B's adjuvant activity, we next sought to examine whether or not dendritic cells (DC) residing in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue (NALT) were activated by nasal administration of Stx1-B or mStx1. |
| 2882 | 15315856 | We found that mice nasally administered with Stx1-B or mStx1 showed an up-regulation in the expression of CD80, CD86 and especially CD40 on NALT DCs. |
| 2883 | 15315856 | Taken together, these results suggest that non-toxic Stx derivatives could be effective mucosal adjuvants for the induction of Th2-type, CD4+ T cell mediated, antigen-specific mucosal IgA and systemic IgG Ab responses, and that they likely owe their adjuvant activity to the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules including CD80, CD86 and CD40 on NALT DCs. |
| 2884 | 15289349 | Monoclonal antibody depletion experiments demonstrated that the adjuvant effects of CpG ODN and CTLA-4 blockades were CD8 dependent. |
| 2885 | 15289349 | CpG ODN were partially natural killer cell dependent and ineffective in Toll-like Receptor 9(-/-) and interleukin 6(-/-) mice, whereas CTLA-4 blockade was partially CD4 dependent and functional in Toll-like Receptor 9(-/-) and interleukin 6(-/-) mice. |
| 2886 | 15280475 | The immunogenic properties of baculovirus as vaccine vector were not restricted to E2 because a CEA-specific CD4(+) T-cell response was observed upon intramuscular injection of Bac-CEA. |
| 2887 | 15280475 | Induction of inflammatory cytokines such as gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 was detected as early as 6 h postinjection of Bac-G-E2. |
| 2888 | 15277580 | Immunosuppressive factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, prostaglandin E2, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-6, are made frequently by cancer cells. |
| 2889 | 15277580 | However, a number of factors appear to be made directly in response to signaling molecules, such as RAS, AKT, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, which are activated as a result of genetic events that occur during oncogenesis. |
| 2890 | 15268740 | Serum interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-beta), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 2891 | 15254744 | OK432 and PSK were examined in vitro, and compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a cytokine cocktail (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and PGE2). |
| 2892 | 15254744 | In the immunophenotypical analysis, the expression of CD80 and CD83 of DCs stimulated with OK-432 increased significantly compared with PSK and medium, and this up-regulation was the same as levels of DCs stimulated with cytokine cocktail. |
| 2893 | 15254744 | DCs stimulated with OK-432 showed significantly higher production of IL-12 and Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) compared with DCs stimulated with LPS or cytokine cocktail. |
| 2894 | 15240755 | We found that monocytes infected with BCG differentiate into CD1a- DCs (BCG-DCs) in the presence of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)-4 and acquired a mature phenotype in the absence of maturation stimuli. |
| 2895 | 15240755 | In addition, BCG-DCs produced proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6) and IL-10 but not IL-12. |
| 2896 | 15205588 | Interindividual variation in the response by fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 to yellow fever vaccination. |
| 2897 | 15205588 | Interindividual variation in the response by fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 to yellow fever vaccination. |
| 2898 | 15205588 | Interindividual variation in the response by fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 to yellow fever vaccination. |
| 2899 | 15205588 | Interindividual variation in the response by fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 to yellow fever vaccination. |
| 2900 | 15205588 | Interindividual variation in the response by fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 to yellow fever vaccination. |
| 2901 | 15205588 | Interindividual variation in the response by fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 to yellow fever vaccination. |
| 2902 | 15205588 | Habitual levels of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the dynamic variation of plasma levels of acute phase proteins may be of importance as well. |
| 2903 | 15205588 | Habitual levels of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the dynamic variation of plasma levels of acute phase proteins may be of importance as well. |
| 2904 | 15205588 | Habitual levels of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the dynamic variation of plasma levels of acute phase proteins may be of importance as well. |
| 2905 | 15205588 | Habitual levels of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the dynamic variation of plasma levels of acute phase proteins may be of importance as well. |
| 2906 | 15205588 | Habitual levels of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the dynamic variation of plasma levels of acute phase proteins may be of importance as well. |
| 2907 | 15205588 | Habitual levels of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the dynamic variation of plasma levels of acute phase proteins may be of importance as well. |
| 2908 | 15205588 | The aim of this study was to document the variation in response by fibrinogen, CRP and IL-6 levels to a mild inflammatory stimulus (yellow fever vaccination) in 25 healthy individuals. |
| 2909 | 15205588 | The aim of this study was to document the variation in response by fibrinogen, CRP and IL-6 levels to a mild inflammatory stimulus (yellow fever vaccination) in 25 healthy individuals. |
| 2910 | 15205588 | The aim of this study was to document the variation in response by fibrinogen, CRP and IL-6 levels to a mild inflammatory stimulus (yellow fever vaccination) in 25 healthy individuals. |
| 2911 | 15205588 | The aim of this study was to document the variation in response by fibrinogen, CRP and IL-6 levels to a mild inflammatory stimulus (yellow fever vaccination) in 25 healthy individuals. |
| 2912 | 15205588 | The aim of this study was to document the variation in response by fibrinogen, CRP and IL-6 levels to a mild inflammatory stimulus (yellow fever vaccination) in 25 healthy individuals. |
| 2913 | 15205588 | The aim of this study was to document the variation in response by fibrinogen, CRP and IL-6 levels to a mild inflammatory stimulus (yellow fever vaccination) in 25 healthy individuals. |
| 2914 | 15205588 | Plasma levels of fibrinogen, CRP and IL-6 were determined at baseline and 7 days after vaccination, and genetic polymorphisms in these genes were determined. |
| 2915 | 15205588 | Plasma levels of fibrinogen, CRP and IL-6 were determined at baseline and 7 days after vaccination, and genetic polymorphisms in these genes were determined. |
| 2916 | 15205588 | Plasma levels of fibrinogen, CRP and IL-6 were determined at baseline and 7 days after vaccination, and genetic polymorphisms in these genes were determined. |
| 2917 | 15205588 | Plasma levels of fibrinogen, CRP and IL-6 were determined at baseline and 7 days after vaccination, and genetic polymorphisms in these genes were determined. |
| 2918 | 15205588 | Plasma levels of fibrinogen, CRP and IL-6 were determined at baseline and 7 days after vaccination, and genetic polymorphisms in these genes were determined. |
| 2919 | 15205588 | Plasma levels of fibrinogen, CRP and IL-6 were determined at baseline and 7 days after vaccination, and genetic polymorphisms in these genes were determined. |
| 2920 | 15205588 | After vaccination, fibrinogen levels had changed between -13 and +44% (P = 0.003), CRP levels between -88 and +672% (not significant), and IL-6 levels between -55 and +448% (not significant). |
| 2921 | 15205588 | After vaccination, fibrinogen levels had changed between -13 and +44% (P = 0.003), CRP levels between -88 and +672% (not significant), and IL-6 levels between -55 and +448% (not significant). |
| 2922 | 15205588 | After vaccination, fibrinogen levels had changed between -13 and +44% (P = 0.003), CRP levels between -88 and +672% (not significant), and IL-6 levels between -55 and +448% (not significant). |
| 2923 | 15205588 | After vaccination, fibrinogen levels had changed between -13 and +44% (P = 0.003), CRP levels between -88 and +672% (not significant), and IL-6 levels between -55 and +448% (not significant). |
| 2924 | 15205588 | After vaccination, fibrinogen levels had changed between -13 and +44% (P = 0.003), CRP levels between -88 and +672% (not significant), and IL-6 levels between -55 and +448% (not significant). |
| 2925 | 15205588 | After vaccination, fibrinogen levels had changed between -13 and +44% (P = 0.003), CRP levels between -88 and +672% (not significant), and IL-6 levels between -55 and +448% (not significant). |
| 2926 | 15205588 | Genetic variation partly explained the interindividual variation in response, as IL-6 -174G homozygotes showed a significantly stronger increase in CRP levels than IL-6 -174C allele carriers. |
| 2927 | 15205588 | Genetic variation partly explained the interindividual variation in response, as IL-6 -174G homozygotes showed a significantly stronger increase in CRP levels than IL-6 -174C allele carriers. |
| 2928 | 15205588 | Genetic variation partly explained the interindividual variation in response, as IL-6 -174G homozygotes showed a significantly stronger increase in CRP levels than IL-6 -174C allele carriers. |
| 2929 | 15205588 | Genetic variation partly explained the interindividual variation in response, as IL-6 -174G homozygotes showed a significantly stronger increase in CRP levels than IL-6 -174C allele carriers. |
| 2930 | 15205588 | Genetic variation partly explained the interindividual variation in response, as IL-6 -174G homozygotes showed a significantly stronger increase in CRP levels than IL-6 -174C allele carriers. |
| 2931 | 15205588 | Genetic variation partly explained the interindividual variation in response, as IL-6 -174G homozygotes showed a significantly stronger increase in CRP levels than IL-6 -174C allele carriers. |
| 2932 | 15205385 | Involvement of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in CYP3A11 and 2C29 down-regulation by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and lipopolysaccharide in mouse liver. |
| 2933 | 15205385 | Involvement of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in CYP3A11 and 2C29 down-regulation by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and lipopolysaccharide in mouse liver. |
| 2934 | 15205385 | Involvement of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in CYP3A11 and 2C29 down-regulation by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and lipopolysaccharide in mouse liver. |
| 2935 | 15205385 | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are well known potent activators of the cell-mediated immune system and thus lead to the decreases in cytochrome P450 (P450). |
| 2936 | 15205385 | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are well known potent activators of the cell-mediated immune system and thus lead to the decreases in cytochrome P450 (P450). |
| 2937 | 15205385 | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are well known potent activators of the cell-mediated immune system and thus lead to the decreases in cytochrome P450 (P450). |
| 2938 | 15205385 | In this study we used interleukin (IL)-1alpha/beta, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) knockout (KO) mice to investigate how each cytokine is involved in P450 down-regulation, especially CYP3A11 and 2C29. |
| 2939 | 15205385 | In this study we used interleukin (IL)-1alpha/beta, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) knockout (KO) mice to investigate how each cytokine is involved in P450 down-regulation, especially CYP3A11 and 2C29. |
| 2940 | 15205385 | In this study we used interleukin (IL)-1alpha/beta, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) knockout (KO) mice to investigate how each cytokine is involved in P450 down-regulation, especially CYP3A11 and 2C29. |
| 2941 | 15205385 | The present study has shown that IL-6 and TNFalpha are likely to be major factors involved in the down-regulation of CYP3A11 and 2C29 mRNAs in mice. |
| 2942 | 15205385 | The present study has shown that IL-6 and TNFalpha are likely to be major factors involved in the down-regulation of CYP3A11 and 2C29 mRNAs in mice. |
| 2943 | 15205385 | The present study has shown that IL-6 and TNFalpha are likely to be major factors involved in the down-regulation of CYP3A11 and 2C29 mRNAs in mice. |
| 2944 | 15194169 | Induction of these autoantibodies appeared to be associated with the hydrocarbon's ability to induce IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, suggesting a relationship with hydrocarbon's adjuvanticity. |
| 2945 | 15193387 | The immunogens, as well as the reference vaccine drastically inhibited increases in TNF-alpha and IL-6 plasma levels after challenge. |
| 2946 | 15186399 | We show here that optimal IL-12 and TNF-alpha production by human monocyte derived DC in response to killed serogroup B N. meningitidis depends on physical contact and internalization of the bacteria by DC. |
| 2947 | 15186399 | The majority of DC producing cytokines had internalized N. meningitidis while inhibition of bacterial internalization markedly impaired IL-12 and TNF-alpha, but not IL-6 production. |
| 2948 | 15186399 | Restoration of LOS biosynthesis in a LOS regulatory strain also restored both internalization and cytokine production and was enhanced in the presence of LPS binding protein (LBP). |
| 2949 | 15178000 | Cell-mediated immune responses to a killed Salmonella enteritidis vaccine: lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell changes and interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, IL-2, and IFN-gamma production. |
| 2950 | 15178000 | Cell-mediated immune responses to a killed Salmonella enteritidis vaccine: lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell changes and interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, IL-2, and IFN-gamma production. |
| 2951 | 15178000 | Increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) by antigen-stimulated splenocytes following vaccination were, in general, more often observed in 4-wk-old compared with 8-mo-old chickens, whereas serum levels of these cytokines were consistently higher in the vaccinated birds compared with controls regardless of age. |
| 2952 | 15178000 | Increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) by antigen-stimulated splenocytes following vaccination were, in general, more often observed in 4-wk-old compared with 8-mo-old chickens, whereas serum levels of these cytokines were consistently higher in the vaccinated birds compared with controls regardless of age. |
| 2953 | 15178000 | In contrast, no differences were noted with CD4+, CD8+, or TCRalphabeta+ cells at any time points examined. |
| 2954 | 15178000 | In contrast, no differences were noted with CD4+, CD8+, or TCRalphabeta+ cells at any time points examined. |
| 2955 | 15178000 | Higher levels of NO production were observed following stimulation with SE flagella at 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after SE vaccination while serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 were elevated only at day 7 post-vaccination. |
| 2956 | 15178000 | Higher levels of NO production were observed following stimulation with SE flagella at 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after SE vaccination while serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 were elevated only at day 7 post-vaccination. |
| 2957 | 15161079 | To examine the effects of cytokine environment at the time of antigenic exposure on T-cell cytokine profiles following T-cell-antigen presenting cell (APC) interaction, pig monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) were treated with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) or killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) alone or with a recombinant pig cytokine (TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma or IL-6) and then incubated with autologous T-cell-enriched lymphocytes. |
| 2958 | 15161079 | Messenger RNA was isolated from the T-cells and used to evaluate the effects of treatment on IL-12p35, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 expression using RT-PCR. |
| 2959 | 15161079 | T-cells exposed to HEWL-treated mDCs expressed high IL-13 and moderate IL-10 and IFN-gamma, suggesting T-helper 2 (Th-2) bias. |
| 2960 | 15161079 | Addition of any cytokine during HEWL treatment of mDCs reduced subsequent expression of IL-10 and IL-13 by T-cells. |
| 2961 | 15161079 | Added IL-12 increased IFN-gamma mRNA. |
| 2962 | 15161079 | T-cells exposed to Mtb-treated mDCs expressed increased IFN-gamma and decreased IL-10 suggesting Th-1 bias. |
| 2963 | 15161079 | Addition of cytokines to mDCs treated with Mtb altered T-cell cytokine mRNA expression such that TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma or IL-12 increased IFN-gamma; IL-12 and IFN-gamma suppressed IL-10, while IL-10 and IL-12 enhanced IL-13. |
| 2964 | 15149772 | Surprisingly, antigen free-Planococcus liposomes evoked potent non-specific inflammatory cytokine production (IL-12 and IL-6) by dendritic cells whereas archaeal H. volcanii vesicles evoked little inflammatory cytokines. |
| 2965 | 15147040 | These analyses revealed that the expansion of antigen specific CD8+T cells is the most effective when T cells were activated by fully maturated DCs by culturing monocytes for 5 days in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, followed by 2-3 days of maturation with pro-inflammatory mediators including TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and PGE2. |
| 2966 | 15146996 | Whole blood was stimulated with complete vaccine suspension, and TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 were determined from heparin/EDTA-plasma and culture supernatants. |
| 2967 | 15146996 | It was shown that Ticovac and the new Encepur Kinder can induce relatively high amounts of TNF-alpha and lower amounts of IL-1beta. |
| 2968 | 15122754 | HCs upregulate surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and CD1d but not MHC class II molecules Qa-1, CD80, CD86, CD54, or CD95; in addition, they expressed/secreted interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 but not IL-1, IL-6, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-4, or IL-27 (i.e., they acquire the HC* phenotype). |
| 2969 | 15122754 | HCs* (but not HCs) induced specific activation, proliferation, and IFN-gamma, TNF, and IL-13 release of cocultured naïve CD8(+) T cells. |
| 2970 | 15122754 | Only recently activated CD8(+) T blasts (but not recently activated CD4(+) T blasts or activated cells of the innate immune system, including natural killer T [NKT] cells) induced the HC* phenotype that is prominent from day 10 to day 20 postvaccination (i.e., time points at which peak numbers of recently primed CD8(+) T blasts are found in the liver). |
| 2971 | 15109963 | Spleen cells stimulated in vitro with B. pertussis produced IL-6 and IFNgamma. |
| 2972 | 15103504 | In these studies, we demonstrate that exogenous soluble LIGHT or soluble CD40 ligand (CD40L) can promote monocyte-derived dendritic cell maturation in vitro by the up-regulation of CD86, CD80, CD83, and HLA-DR antigen expression. |
| 2973 | 15103504 | However, upon induction of maturation by LIGHT or CD40L, the expression of costimulatory and HLA-DR molecules is comparable between DCs from MDS and normal subjects. |
| 2974 | 15103504 | Exogenous LIGHT- and CD40L-stimulated mature DCs (mDCs) also displayed increased antigen presentation to autologous T lymphocytes (tetanus toxin) or allogeneic T lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte reactions. |
| 2975 | 15103504 | DCs matured by LIGHT showed increased secretion of IL-6, IL-12p75, and TNF-alpha, but not IL-1beta. |
| 2976 | 15103504 | We conclude that both LIGHT and CD40L are immunoregulating factors that induce monocyte-derived iDCs from MDS patients to undergo maturation resulting in increased antigen presentation and T-cell activation. |
| 2977 | 15070685 | The presence of PDCs synergistically enhanced CD86 expression, cytokine production (interleukin 6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-10) and plasma cell differentiation of isolated human peripheral blood B cells stimulated through CpG-C and B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) ligation. |
| 2978 | 15057902 | Further associations were observed with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the IL2 and IL4 loci along with insertion/deletion variants at the IL12B locus (P =.003-.01). |
| 2979 | 15057902 | Host genetic associations were independent of one another as well as other HLA (A, B, C, and DQB1) and cytokine gene (IL4R, IL6, IL10, and TNF) variants. |
| 2980 | 15045561 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from vaccinated macaques were stimulated with inactivated viral particles for 24 h, and the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was determined by ELISA and flow cytometry. |
| 2981 | 15013994 | Three ophthalmic sponges, Weck-Cel, Ultracell, and Merocel, were loaded in vitro with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), immunoglobulin A (IgA), or IgG, and sponges were extracted and evaluated for total recovery by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 2982 | 15013994 | Three ophthalmic sponges, Weck-Cel, Ultracell, and Merocel, were loaded in vitro with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), immunoglobulin A (IgA), or IgG, and sponges were extracted and evaluated for total recovery by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). |
| 2983 | 15013994 | There was excellent (>75%) recovery for all immune markers from all three devices except for IL-6, which was poorly recovered (<60%) for all sponge types, IFN-gamma, which was poorly recovered from both Weck-Cel and Ultracell sponges but was completely recovered from Merocel sponges, and IL-4, which was poorly recovered from Weck-Cel sponges but was completely recovered from Ultracell or Merocel sponges. |
| 2984 | 15013994 | There was excellent (>75%) recovery for all immune markers from all three devices except for IL-6, which was poorly recovered (<60%) for all sponge types, IFN-gamma, which was poorly recovered from both Weck-Cel and Ultracell sponges but was completely recovered from Merocel sponges, and IL-4, which was poorly recovered from Weck-Cel sponges but was completely recovered from Ultracell or Merocel sponges. |
| 2985 | 15013994 | We then compared the absolute recovery of selected markers (IL-10, IL-12, IgG, and IgA) from cervical secretion specimens collected from women using each type of sponge. |
| 2986 | 15013994 | We then compared the absolute recovery of selected markers (IL-10, IL-12, IgG, and IgA) from cervical secretion specimens collected from women using each type of sponge. |
| 2987 | 15013994 | There were no significant differences in the recoveries of IL-10, IL-12, and IgG from cervical specimens collected by any type of ophthalmic sponge, but there was reduced IgA recovery from Merocel sponges. |
| 2988 | 15013994 | There were no significant differences in the recoveries of IL-10, IL-12, and IgG from cervical specimens collected by any type of ophthalmic sponge, but there was reduced IgA recovery from Merocel sponges. |
| 2989 | 15013994 | We infer from our data that the three collection devices are adequate for the measurements of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IgG. |
| 2990 | 15013994 | We infer from our data that the three collection devices are adequate for the measurements of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IgG. |
| 2991 | 15013994 | Merocel may be a better ophthalmic sponge for the collection of cervical secretions and measurements of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, and IFN-gamma, but our data from clinical specimens, not in vitro-loaded sponges, suggested the possibility of reduced recovery of IgA. |
| 2992 | 15013994 | Merocel may be a better ophthalmic sponge for the collection of cervical secretions and measurements of IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, and IFN-gamma, but our data from clinical specimens, not in vitro-loaded sponges, suggested the possibility of reduced recovery of IgA. |
| 2993 | 15010228 | However, live bacteria induced greater up-regulation of the expression of CD40 and CD86 than killed bacteria. |
| 2994 | 15010228 | Live bacteria also induced greater up-regulation of transcription for IL-6, IL-12 and GM-CSF than killed bacteria as measured by quantitative RT-PCR. |
| 2995 | 15007640 | In this study, we evaluate the Th1/Th2 profile (Th1: IL-12, IFN-gamma; Th2: IL-6, IL-10) in response to protoscoleces, EgA31 and the mixture of EgA31, EgTrp and FABP1. |
| 2996 | 15007640 | In this study, we evaluate the Th1/Th2 profile (Th1: IL-12, IFN-gamma; Th2: IL-6, IL-10) in response to protoscoleces, EgA31 and the mixture of EgA31, EgTrp and FABP1. |
| 2997 | 15007640 | Neither IFN-gamma nor IL-6, but a significant IL-10 and IL-12 concentration was detected in response to both types of antigens. |
| 2998 | 15007640 | Neither IFN-gamma nor IL-6, but a significant IL-10 and IL-12 concentration was detected in response to both types of antigens. |
| 2999 | 14999431 | The vaccine used mature DCs (CD1a+++, CD40++, CD80++, CD83+, and CD86+++) generated from peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 3000 | 14999431 | After 7 days, DCs were matured with a defined cocktail of cytokines (IL-1+IL-6+TNF-alpha+PGE2) and simultaneously pulsed with lysates of heterologous melanoma cell lines, for 2 days. |
| 3001 | 14998548 | (a) detection of tumour cells in the peripheral blood, bone marrow or lymph node using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based measurement of CEA mRNA; (b) targeting of anticancer agents or radionuclides by tumour-selective anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs); (c) use of antitumour vaccines capable of eliciting major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted immune responses against CEA-derived peptides. |
| 3002 | 14998548 | Actually, it has been shown that the expression of CEA can be up-regulated by pharmacological agents including, antineoplastic drugs (i.e. 5-fluorouracil), cytokines (i.e. interferons or interleukin-6), differentiating agents (i.e. sodium butyrate) and protein kinase inhibitors (i.e. staurosporine). |
| 3003 | 14998548 | Moreover, the same agents could increase the efficacy of vaccines based on immunogenic CEA-derived peptides restricted by the MHC. |
| 3004 | 14991620 | In vitro stimulation of immature murine DC with MALP-2 resulted in the induction of maturation with up-regulated expression of MHC class II, costimulatory (CD80, CD86) and adhesion (CD40, CD54) molecules. |
| 3005 | 14991620 | MALP-2 also enhances the secretion of cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-6 and IL-12), and increases DC stimulatory activity on naive and antigen-specific T cells. |
| 3006 | 14991620 | Further studies demonstrated that MALP-2 treatment of DC results in a dose-dependent shift from the protein pattern of proteasomes to immunoproteasomes (up-regulation of LMP2, LMP7 and MECL1), which correlates with an increased proteolytic activity. |
| 3007 | 14764714 | We found that OMPC and Hib-OMPC engaged human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, inducing IL-8 production, and engaged mouse TLR2 on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, inducing TNF release. |
| 3008 | 14764714 | Engagement of TLR2 by Hib-OMPC was MyD88 dependent, as Hib-OMPC-induced TNF production was ablated in MyD88 knockout (KO) mice. |
| 3009 | 14764714 | Splenocytes from OMPC-immunized TLR2 KO mice also produced significantly less IL-6 and TNF-alpha than those from wild-type mice. |
| 3010 | 14764714 | Hib-OMPC is unique among glycoconjugate vaccines by engaging TLR2, and the ability of Hib-OMPC to elicit protective levels of Abs after one dose may be related to TLR2-mediated induction and regulation of cytokines produced by T cells and macrophages in addition to the peptide/MHC II-dependent recruitment of T cell help commonly afforded by carrier proteins. |
| 3011 | 14708979 | Lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were measured as indicators of cell-mediated immunity after immunization of chickens with a commercial killed Salmonella enteritidis (SE) vaccine or experimental subunit vaccines of crude protein (CP) extract or the outer membrane protein (OMP). |
| 3012 | 14708979 | Lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were measured as indicators of cell-mediated immunity after immunization of chickens with a commercial killed Salmonella enteritidis (SE) vaccine or experimental subunit vaccines of crude protein (CP) extract or the outer membrane protein (OMP). |
| 3013 | 14708979 | Significantly increased IL-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were seen at 1 wk postimmunization in the three vaccination groups compared with adjuvant alone, but there were no differences between the killed vaccine and the subunit vaccines at this time, and the levels of both lymphokines returned to baseline at 2 wk postimmunization. |
| 3014 | 14708979 | Significantly increased IL-2 and IL-6 levels in serum were seen at 1 wk postimmunization in the three vaccination groups compared with adjuvant alone, but there were no differences between the killed vaccine and the subunit vaccines at this time, and the levels of both lymphokines returned to baseline at 2 wk postimmunization. |
| 3015 | 14704372 | T cells from mice immunized with antigen in the presence of CT produced high levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-5 and low levels of IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 3016 | 14704372 | Here, we demonstrate that immunization with antigen in the presence of CT induced a population of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells that produced IL-10 in the absence of IL-4, in addition to cells that coexpressed IL-4 and IL-10 or produced IL-4 only. |
| 3017 | 14704372 | Previous data showed that CT can modulate the expression of costimulatory molecules and inhibit the production of chemokines and cytokines, including IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and enhance IL-10 production. |
| 3018 | 14704372 | Here, we show that CT synergizes with LPS to induce IL-6 and IL-1beta in addition to IL-10 production by immature DC. |
| 3019 | 14673108 | Herein, we report that Ebola VLPs (eVLPs) were immunogenic in vitro as eVLPs matured and activated mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, assessed by increases in cell-surface markers CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class I and II and secretion of IL-6, IL-10, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and tumor necrosis factor alpha by the dendritic cells. |
| 3020 | 14673108 | Further, vaccinating mice with eVLPs activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as CD19+ B cells. |
| 3021 | 14670350 | These components include T cells (both CD4+ and CD8+), cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, and macrophages. |
| 3022 | 14647233 | Concurrent delivery of tumor antigens and activation signals to dendritic cells by irradiated CD40 ligand-transfected tumor cells resulted in efficient activation of specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 3023 | 14647233 | To improve the efficacy of tumor cell-based and dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines, this study explored the potential of a new cancer vaccine strategy, that is, the use of CD40 ligand-transfected tumor (CD40L-tumor) cells to simultaneously deliver both tumor-derived antigens (Ag) and maturation stimuli to DCs. |
| 3024 | 14647233 | However, during the internalization process, only coculturing with irradiated CD40L-tumor cells resulted in concurrent, optimal DC maturation and production of proinflammatory chemokines and pro-Th1 cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 3025 | 14638790 | Nevertheless, bacterial counts in infected lungs, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription-PCR analysis of mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-12, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) revealed significant differences among the strains. |
| 3026 | 14638790 | Nevertheless, bacterial counts in infected lungs, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription-PCR analysis of mRNAs for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-12, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) revealed significant differences among the strains. |
| 3027 | 14638790 | At 72 h postinfection, M90T guaBA purHD still induced proinflammatory cytokines and factors such as IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and iNOS, along with cytokines such as IL-12 and IFN-gamma. |
| 3028 | 14638790 | At 72 h postinfection, M90T guaBA purHD still induced proinflammatory cytokines and factors such as IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and iNOS, along with cytokines such as IL-12 and IFN-gamma. |
| 3029 | 14638763 | The effects of the MAbs on PMN interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-6 secretion were determined in supernatants from cocultures containing pneumococci and PMNs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 3030 | 14634101 | Dependent on the DC subset, activation resulted in type 1 IFN production, while both DC subsets produced IL-6 and up-regulated expression of costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86. |
| 3031 | 14634101 | In vivo, however, even upon repeated vaccination with plasmid DNA, priming of OVA-specific CTL and clonal expansion of SIINFEKL-specific CD8 T cells were equal in TLR9-positive and TLR9- or MyD88-negative mice. |
| 3032 | 14594508 | Differentiation of CD14(+) cells into mature monocyte-derived DC was induced by incubation with IL-4, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, PGE(2), IL-1 beta, and IL-6. |
| 3033 | 14594508 | Mature DC showed a high expression of CD83, HLA-DR, and the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. |
| 3034 | 14585277 | K-type ODN stimulate B cells and monocytes to proliferate and secrete IgM, IL-10, and/or IL-6. |
| 3035 | 14579266 | We show that E. coli LPS-pulsed MDDC released Th1-biasing cytokines - consisting of high levels of IL-12 p70, IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) - but also TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-1beta. |
| 3036 | 14579266 | In contrast, no IL-12 p70 or IP-10, and lower levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 were induced by P. gingivalis LPS. |
| 3037 | 14579266 | These differences were sustained at LPS doses that yielded nearly equivalent maturation of MDDC; moreover the T cell response was consistent: E. coli LPS-pulsed MDDC induced higher T cell proliferation, and T cells released more IFN-gamma and IL-2, but less IL-5 than T cells co-cultured with P. gingivalis LPS pulsed-MDDC. |
| 3038 | 14561701 | Protection mediated by mAb's was associated with enhanced levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-gamma in the lungs of infected mice. |
| 3039 | 14561701 | The antigen was identified as a histone H2B-like protein. |
| 3040 | 12960310 | Most of these genes encoded proteins important for DC effector functions including cytokines, chemokines, and receptors, such as IL-12p40, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and IL-6; Ag presentation, such as carboxypeptidase D and H2-DM; cell adhesion (e.g., EGF-like module containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like sequence 1, rhoB); and T cell activation. |
| 3041 | 12959322 | During the course of HIV-1 infection secretion of T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, and antiviral interferon (IFN)-gamma, is generally decreased, whereas production of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, is increased. |
| 3042 | 12959322 | During the course of HIV-1 infection secretion of T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, and antiviral interferon (IFN)-gamma, is generally decreased, whereas production of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, is increased. |
| 3043 | 12959322 | HIV-inductive cytokines include: TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-1 and IL-6, which stimulate HIV-1 replication in T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15, which upregulate HIV-1 in T cells, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor, which stimulates HIV-1 in MDM. |
| 3044 | 12959322 | HIV-inductive cytokines include: TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-1 and IL-6, which stimulate HIV-1 replication in T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15, which upregulate HIV-1 in T cells, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor, which stimulates HIV-1 in MDM. |
| 3045 | 12959322 | HIV-suppressive cytokines include: IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-16, which inhibit HIV-1 replication in T cells and MDM, and IL-10 and IL-13, which inhibit HIV-1 in MDM. |
| 3046 | 12959322 | HIV-suppressive cytokines include: IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IL-16, which inhibit HIV-1 replication in T cells and MDM, and IL-10 and IL-13, which inhibit HIV-1 in MDM. |
| 3047 | 12959322 | Bifunctional cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor have been shown to have both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on HIV-1. |
| 3048 | 12959322 | Bifunctional cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor have been shown to have both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on HIV-1. |
| 3049 | 12959322 | The beta-chemokines, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES are important inhibitors of macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1, whereas the alpha-chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 suppresses infection of T-tropic strains of HIV-1. |
| 3050 | 12959322 | The beta-chemokines, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES are important inhibitors of macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1, whereas the alpha-chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 suppresses infection of T-tropic strains of HIV-1. |
| 3051 | 12938230 | Astrocytes produced both IL-6 and TNF-alpha in response to L-OspA and Pam(3)Cys. |
| 3052 | 12938230 | Astrocytes produced both IL-6 and TNF-alpha in response to L-OspA and Pam(3)Cys. |
| 3053 | 12938230 | Astrocytes produced both IL-6 and TNF-alpha in response to L-OspA and Pam(3)Cys. |
| 3054 | 12938230 | Proliferation induced by L-OspA was diminished in the presence of an excess of anti-IL-6 antibody, and apoptosis induced by this lipoprotein was completely suppressed with anti-TNF-alpha antibody. |
| 3055 | 12938230 | Proliferation induced by L-OspA was diminished in the presence of an excess of anti-IL-6 antibody, and apoptosis induced by this lipoprotein was completely suppressed with anti-TNF-alpha antibody. |
| 3056 | 12938230 | Proliferation induced by L-OspA was diminished in the presence of an excess of anti-IL-6 antibody, and apoptosis induced by this lipoprotein was completely suppressed with anti-TNF-alpha antibody. |
| 3057 | 12938230 | Hence, IL-6 contributes to, and TNF-alpha determines, astrocyte proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, as elicited by lipoproteins. |
| 3058 | 12938230 | Hence, IL-6 contributes to, and TNF-alpha determines, astrocyte proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, as elicited by lipoproteins. |
| 3059 | 12938230 | Hence, IL-6 contributes to, and TNF-alpha determines, astrocyte proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, as elicited by lipoproteins. |
| 3060 | 12924094 | An experimental double immunization of BALB/c mice with a vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis was accompanied by the production of IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNFa and gamma-IFN in the blood serum of animals. |
| 3061 | 12924094 | After the second immunization and unlike the first one, there were changes in the production only of IL-10, IL-12 and gamma-IFN, which can be indicative of a regulation of balance between Th1 and Th2. |
| 3062 | 12922133 | Furthermore, their splenocytes proliferated and secreted IFN-gamma and IL-6 in response to Tat. |
| 3063 | 12922130 | To gain further insight into the cytokine production profile in response to measles vaccination, we studied interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and plasma. |
| 3064 | 12922130 | However, plasma levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, sIL-2R and TNF-alpha) were preferentially activated by measles virus after the first dose of measles vaccination. |
| 3065 | 12922116 | The anti-hemagglutinins (HI), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL6, IL10, ACTH/cortisol axis, anti-CMV antibodies and CD28+CD57- lymphocytes were assessed. |
| 3066 | 12922116 | The anti-hemagglutinins (HI), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL6, IL10, ACTH/cortisol axis, anti-CMV antibodies and CD28+CD57- lymphocytes were assessed. |
| 3067 | 12922116 | Non-responders of both ages we characterised by higher levels of anti-CMV IgG and higher percentages of CD57+CD28- lymphocytes (known to be associated with CMV carrier status) together with increased concentrations of TNFalpha and IL6 and decreased levels of cortisol. |
| 3068 | 12922116 | Non-responders of both ages we characterised by higher levels of anti-CMV IgG and higher percentages of CD57+CD28- lymphocytes (known to be associated with CMV carrier status) together with increased concentrations of TNFalpha and IL6 and decreased levels of cortisol. |
| 3069 | 12922116 | The anti-influenza vaccine induced increase in TNFalpha and IL10 in the all non-responders, while cortisol increased only in the young. |
| 3070 | 12922116 | The anti-influenza vaccine induced increase in TNFalpha and IL10 in the all non-responders, while cortisol increased only in the young. |
| 3071 | 12892730 | However, high levels of IL-6, IL-12, and TNFalpha production 2-3 months after intraperitoneal injection appeared to be associated with the ability to induce lupus autoantibodies. |
| 3072 | 12869028 | This work compares the proliferative, IgM, IL-6 and IP-10 response of PBMC from normal donors to a diverse panel of CpG ODNs. |
| 3073 | 12865071 | Unlike exposure to the native toxin, the vaccine did not trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF alpha, IL6, or IFN gamma). |
| 3074 | 12850812 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances immune responses by inducing the proliferation, maturation, and migration of dendritic cells, and the expansion and differentiation of B and T lymphocytes. |
| 3075 | 12850812 | The early response was characterized by high levels of inflammatory molecules, including IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MCP-1, later followed by expression of precursor Th1 cytokines, IL-12 and IL-18, concomitant with IFNgamma production. |
| 3076 | 12808218 | The short insert including RANTES and IL-5 resulted in the successful expression from SHIV-3sj, while the construct having longer genes including IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12p35 failed to become replication competent. |
| 3077 | 12759444 | The PA-specific CD4(+) T cells from mice nasally immunized with rPA and CT as adjuvant secreted low levels of CD4(+) Th1-type cytokines in vitro, but exhibited elevated IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 responses. |
| 3078 | 12733143 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined. |
| 3079 | 12733143 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined. |
| 3080 | 12733143 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined. |
| 3081 | 12733143 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 with their soluble receptors (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-11) have been examined. |
| 3082 | 12733143 | In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10. |
| 3083 | 12733143 | In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10. |
| 3084 | 12733143 | In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10. |
| 3085 | 12733143 | In addition, control over production of IL-6 may be exerted by other ILs such as IL-1beta and IL-10. |
| 3086 | 12733143 | This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8. |
| 3087 | 12733143 | This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8. |
| 3088 | 12733143 | This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8. |
| 3089 | 12733143 | This last action also is shared by IL-3, IL-4, and, most likely, IL-8. |
| 3090 | 12733143 | Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases. |
| 3091 | 12733143 | Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases. |
| 3092 | 12733143 | Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases. |
| 3093 | 12733143 | Evaluation of the serum level of IL-6, C reactive protein, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), together with the activity exerted by IL-3 and IL-4 on some cellular subsets, may constitute an additional element in the differential diagnosis of borderline cases. |
| 3094 | 12733143 | Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage. |
| 3095 | 12733143 | Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage. |
| 3096 | 12733143 | Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage. |
| 3097 | 12733143 | Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-2R, and the expression of membrane-bound IL-2 receptors, both on bone marrow plasma cells and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, are correlated with disease activity and disease stage. |
| 3098 | 12731065 | Strikingly, plasmid DNA induces a moderate synthesis of IL-6 and a strong synthesis of IFN-gamma, whereas stimulation with ODN showed an inverse profile with a higher increase in the synthesis of IL-6 but a moderate increase in IFN-gamma. |
| 3099 | 12721943 | PnPS-CRM(197) induced significantly different serotype-specific antibody titers, despite vigorous T cell recall responses to all 7 vaccine components, and production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and interferon-gamma. |
| 3100 | 12719704 | Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma increased within 6 hours of viral infusion, suggesting immune activation. |
| 3101 | 12706410 | Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between binding intensity and CD83 expression in DCs, suggesting that the main receptor for binding of VLPs may be downregulated during maturation. |
| 3102 | 12706410 | For each cell type, the patterns of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 production were distinct from the pattern induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial activator of myeloid antigen-presenting cells. |
| 3103 | 12668155 | Functional abolishment of any one of these cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, GMCSF, TNF-alpha, or IFN-alpha, except IL-10) by neutralizing antibodies leads to reduced IFN-gamma production (19-82% inhibition in mouse and 44-77% inhibition in human systems, respectively). |
| 3104 | 12668155 | In mice cytokines IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, and GMCSF are observed to synergize with BCG for IFN-gamma production, whereas in human cytokines IL-2, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IFN-alpha exhibit similar synergistic effects. |
| 3105 | 12668155 | Rational combinations of these Th1-stimulating cytokines (IL-12 plus IL-18 in mice and IL-2 plus IL-12 in humans, respectively) dramatically up-regulate IFN-gamma production that is incomparably superior to BCG for induction of this cytokine. |
| 3106 | 12654790 | Increases in tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, transforming growth factor beta, and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression were associated with the enhancement of intracellular BCG growth. |
| 3107 | 12654790 | Increases in gamma interferon, FAS, FAS ligand, perforin, granzyme, and granulysin mRNA expression were associated with intracellular BCG inhibition. |
| 3108 | 12623276 | The recombinant MPT-TP (rMPT-TP) antigen induced a high production of IFNgamma, IL-6, and NO and a low production of IL-10 by spleen cells of immunized mice. |
| 3109 | 12615428 | Systemic levels of cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and in some pigs IL-12, increased following vaccination and were often maintained at an increased level for the duration of the trials. |
| 3110 | 12574345 | We failed to detect any effects on ex vivo MOG-peptide-induced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, and brain-derived neurotropic factor expression in splenocytes or CNS-derived lymphocytes. |
| 3111 | 12574345 | In CNS-derived lymphocytes, Fas ligand expression was down-regulated in DNA-vaccinated rats compared with controls. |
| 3112 | 12547612 | The results show that phosphodiester oligonucleotides with a 5'GGGxGG3' sequence where x is A, C, G or T have the ability to induce the synthesis of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL10 or IL-12 by non-human primate and human PBMC, murine cells being unresponsive. |
| 3113 | 12547597 | The cells were cultured in a serum-free medium with different cytokine combinations including GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, Flt-3, CD40L, IFN-gamma, IL-1alpha, IL-6, PGE1, and IL-4. |
| 3114 | 12522437 | Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were induced in a dose-dependent manner in most patients, but significant interpatient and intrapatient (on repeat doses) variabilities were demonstrated. |
| 3115 | 12522051 | Fifteen human cytokines (interleukin 1alpha [IL-1alpha], IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were validated with a panel of healthy individuals, rheumatoid arthritis patients, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. |
| 3116 | 12522049 | Interestingly, the level of epithelial staining for several cytokines, e.g., interleukin-8 (IL-8), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), was found to be significantly lower in DU patients than in AS carriers and uninfected individuals. |
| 3117 | 12522049 | However, larger numbers of IL-8-, IL-6-, TGF-beta-, and IFN-gamma-positive mononuclear cells were observed in the duodenal lamina propria of both DU patients and AS carriers than in that of the uninfected controls. |
| 3118 | 12513929 | Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and -6 (IL-6) were determined by bioassay, and IL-8 by a commercial ELISA. |
| 3119 | 12513929 | Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and -6 (IL-6) were determined by bioassay, and IL-8 by a commercial ELISA. |
| 3120 | 12513929 | Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and -6 (IL-6) were determined by bioassay, and IL-8 by a commercial ELISA. |
| 3121 | 12513929 | Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and -6 (IL-6) were determined by bioassay, and IL-8 by a commercial ELISA. |
| 3122 | 12513929 | Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and -6 (IL-6) were determined by bioassay, and IL-8 by a commercial ELISA. |
| 3123 | 12513929 | Mean levels of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, but not IL-1 or IL-8, were lower than in both other groups. |
| 3124 | 12513929 | Mean levels of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, but not IL-1 or IL-8, were lower than in both other groups. |
| 3125 | 12513929 | Mean levels of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, but not IL-1 or IL-8, were lower than in both other groups. |
| 3126 | 12513929 | Mean levels of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, but not IL-1 or IL-8, were lower than in both other groups. |
| 3127 | 12513929 | Mean levels of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, but not IL-1 or IL-8, were lower than in both other groups. |
| 3128 | 12513929 | Virus titers in the lungs of individual pigs showed highly significant correlations with IFN-alpha and IL-6, and lower correlations with TNF-alpha and IL-8. |
| 3129 | 12513929 | Virus titers in the lungs of individual pigs showed highly significant correlations with IFN-alpha and IL-6, and lower correlations with TNF-alpha and IL-8. |
| 3130 | 12513929 | Virus titers in the lungs of individual pigs showed highly significant correlations with IFN-alpha and IL-6, and lower correlations with TNF-alpha and IL-8. |
| 3131 | 12513929 | Virus titers in the lungs of individual pigs showed highly significant correlations with IFN-alpha and IL-6, and lower correlations with TNF-alpha and IL-8. |
| 3132 | 12513929 | Virus titers in the lungs of individual pigs showed highly significant correlations with IFN-alpha and IL-6, and lower correlations with TNF-alpha and IL-8. |
| 3133 | 12513929 | Clinical signs were most closely associated with IFN-alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. |
| 3134 | 12513929 | Clinical signs were most closely associated with IFN-alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. |
| 3135 | 12513929 | Clinical signs were most closely associated with IFN-alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. |
| 3136 | 12513929 | Clinical signs were most closely associated with IFN-alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. |
| 3137 | 12513929 | Clinical signs were most closely associated with IFN-alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. |
| 3138 | 12513929 | The relationship between disease and IL-8 or IL-1 was much weaker. |
| 3139 | 12513929 | The relationship between disease and IL-8 or IL-1 was much weaker. |
| 3140 | 12513929 | The relationship between disease and IL-8 or IL-1 was much weaker. |
| 3141 | 12513929 | The relationship between disease and IL-8 or IL-1 was much weaker. |
| 3142 | 12513929 | The relationship between disease and IL-8 or IL-1 was much weaker. |
| 3143 | 12513929 | Our data provide further evidence for a role of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in the pathogenesis of SIV. |
| 3144 | 12513929 | Our data provide further evidence for a role of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in the pathogenesis of SIV. |
| 3145 | 12513929 | Our data provide further evidence for a role of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in the pathogenesis of SIV. |
| 3146 | 12513929 | Our data provide further evidence for a role of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in the pathogenesis of SIV. |
| 3147 | 12513929 | Our data provide further evidence for a role of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in the pathogenesis of SIV. |
| 3148 | 12513927 | Animals received four injections of recombinant porcine IL-1 and IL-6, IL-12 alone, or CT alone within 1 week of intramuscular administration of a vaccine strain of PRRSV, Ingelvac MLV. |
| 3149 | 12513927 | Animals received four injections of recombinant porcine IL-1 and IL-6, IL-12 alone, or CT alone within 1 week of intramuscular administration of a vaccine strain of PRRSV, Ingelvac MLV. |
| 3150 | 12513927 | Second, animals that received CT adjuvant displayed a more robust antibody response to GP5, the major envelope glycoprotein. |
| 3151 | 12513927 | Second, animals that received CT adjuvant displayed a more robust antibody response to GP5, the major envelope glycoprotein. |
| 3152 | 12513927 | It acts in part through the production of IL-1 in macrophages, but its effect was not replaced by combination treatment with IL-1 and IL-6. |
| 3153 | 12513927 | It acts in part through the production of IL-1 in macrophages, but its effect was not replaced by combination treatment with IL-1 and IL-6. |
| 3154 | 12477423 | We compared the standard maturation stimulus, autologous monocyte-conditioned medium (MCM), with a synthetic double stranded RNA (poly I:C), soluble CD40 ligand trimer, and a defined cocktail of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6) and PGE(2) to promote mature phenotype and function in human monocyte-derived DCs. |
| 3155 | 12477286 | Besides proinflammatory cytokines released from macrophages, such as tumor-necrosis factor-a and interleukin-1beta, and IFN-gamma derived from T-helper 1 lymphocytes, also interleukin-10, a product of T-helper 2 lymphocytes with antiinflammatory properties, seems to be surprisingly involved in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-induced gastritis. |
| 3156 | 12477286 | In addition, lipopolysaccharide derived from the outher membrane of H. pylori acts as a chemoattractant for monocytes and induces release of free radicals, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. |
| 3157 | 12452837 | We stimulated a whole blood system with heat-inactivated Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 (S14) bacteria, with pneumococcal S14 capsular polysaccharide (PPS S14) and with PPS S14 coated on to latex beads, to compare interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) production over a six hour period, to ascertain the contribution of PPS to the inflammatory response. |
| 3158 | 12422242 | LPS of E. coli O100 that showed the strongest reactions with both sera was used to stimulate IL-6, TNFalpha and nitric oxide production by the J-774A.1 cell line. |
| 3159 | 12399192 | Protection against plague following immunisation with microencapsulated V antigen is reduced by co-encapsulation with IFN-gamma or IL-4, but not IL-6. |
| 3160 | 12399192 | Protection against plague following immunisation with microencapsulated V antigen is reduced by co-encapsulation with IFN-gamma or IL-4, but not IL-6. |
| 3161 | 12399192 | Protection against plague following immunisation with microencapsulated V antigen is reduced by co-encapsulation with IFN-gamma or IL-4, but not IL-6. |
| 3162 | 12399192 | Microspheres containing rV alone or co-encapsulated with the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-6 were administered in a two-dose regimen and antibody responses and protective efficacy were monitored. |
| 3163 | 12399192 | Microspheres containing rV alone or co-encapsulated with the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-6 were administered in a two-dose regimen and antibody responses and protective efficacy were monitored. |
| 3164 | 12399192 | Microspheres containing rV alone or co-encapsulated with the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-6 were administered in a two-dose regimen and antibody responses and protective efficacy were monitored. |
| 3165 | 12399192 | Formulations based on rV antigen alone or rV co-encapsulated with IL-6 provided complete protection against systemic challenge with Y. pestis strain GB; however protective efficacy was impaired by co-encapsulating either IFN-gamma or IL-4 with rV. |
| 3166 | 12399192 | Formulations based on rV antigen alone or rV co-encapsulated with IL-6 provided complete protection against systemic challenge with Y. pestis strain GB; however protective efficacy was impaired by co-encapsulating either IFN-gamma or IL-4 with rV. |
| 3167 | 12399192 | Formulations based on rV antigen alone or rV co-encapsulated with IL-6 provided complete protection against systemic challenge with Y. pestis strain GB; however protective efficacy was impaired by co-encapsulating either IFN-gamma or IL-4 with rV. |
| 3168 | 12381575 | In the initial testing of this system, we found that mRNA expression of certain cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, GM-CSF, iNOS, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha) is enhanced when monocyte-derived macrophages are stimulated with peptide antigen conjugated with mannan under oxidizing conditions compared to peptide conjugated with reduced mannan. |
| 3169 | 12379697 | These infants also had lower median percentages of lymphocytes spontaneously making interleukin-4 (IL-4) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and lower ratios of T cells spontaneously making IL-4 to T cells making IL-6. |
| 3170 | 12296860 | CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells were differentiated to immature DC in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-6/IL-6R fusion protein and stem cell factor. |
| 3171 | 12230303 | Some cases of AD are caused by mutations in presenilin-1 (PS1), and it has been shown that PS1 mutations perturb neuronal calcium homeostasis, promote increased production of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), and render neurons vulnerable to synaptic dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and apoptosis. |
| 3172 | 12230303 | LPS-induced levels of mRNAs encoding tumor necrosis fctor-alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and IL-6 are significantly greater in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of PS1 mutant mice as compared to wild-type mice. |
| 3173 | 12230303 | Studies of cultured microglia from PS1 mutant and wild-type mice reveal that PS1 is expressed in microglia and that the PS1 mutation confers a heightened sensitivity to LPS, as indicated by superinduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). |
| 3174 | 12220808 | FCA augmented IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 production suggesting a strong Th2 response, while IFN-gamma and IL-12 remained low; poly I:C enhanced IFN-gamma, IL-12 and TNF-alpha eliciting a Th1 response; poly A:U resulted in a IL-10, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-12 secretion; and LPS enhanced the IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-alpha production. |
| 3175 | 12207099 | T-helper cell activation on the other hand is greatly influenced by inflammatory processes, e.g. the secretion of cytokines such as interleukin (IL-)-1 or IL-6. |
| 3176 | 12208610 | Spleen cells from immunized mice, after exposure to recombinant MPT SOD (MPT rSOD), produced significant levels of IFNgamma, TNFalpha and IL-6. |
| 3177 | 12208610 | IFNgamma and TNFalpha production was increased by the addition of Ribi. |
| 3178 | 12208610 | In contrast, low levels of NO, IL-4 and IL-10 were secreted by spleen cells culture from immunized mice. |
| 3179 | 12191514 | We have assessed the optimal conditions in terms of dose and kinetics of those cytokines which are released early (TNF-alpha, IL6 and TGF-beta, IL10) or (interferon [IFN]-gamma and IL5) in WB cultures stimulated with mitogens and mycobacterial antigens. |
| 3180 | 12191514 | We have assessed the optimal conditions in terms of dose and kinetics of those cytokines which are released early (TNF-alpha, IL6 and TGF-beta, IL10) or (interferon [IFN]-gamma and IL5) in WB cultures stimulated with mitogens and mycobacterial antigens. |
| 3181 | 12191514 | Using unpaired Student's t-tests, pulmonary tuberculosis patients (P.TB; n=11), in response to CFP, showed higher monocyte-derived IL6 (p=0.023) and IL10 (p=0.042) compared to endemic controls (EC; n=13), and significantly suppressed T-cell-derived IFN-gamma (p=0.028) and IL5 (p=0.012) secretion but increased IL10 (p=0.047) on day 5, indicating that CFP is a strong stimulus for IL10 secretion in pulmonary TB patients. |
| 3182 | 12191514 | Using unpaired Student's t-tests, pulmonary tuberculosis patients (P.TB; n=11), in response to CFP, showed higher monocyte-derived IL6 (p=0.023) and IL10 (p=0.042) compared to endemic controls (EC; n=13), and significantly suppressed T-cell-derived IFN-gamma (p=0.028) and IL5 (p=0.012) secretion but increased IL10 (p=0.047) on day 5, indicating that CFP is a strong stimulus for IL10 secretion in pulmonary TB patients. |
| 3183 | 12191514 | Extrapulmonary TB patients (E.TB; n=6) showed no elevation of early monocyte-derived cytokines to either PPD or CFP, but showed a marked suppression of the T-cell-derived cytokines IFN-gamma (PPD, p=0.015; CFP, p=0.05) and IL5 (PPD, p=0.05; CFP, p=0.015). |
| 3184 | 12191514 | Extrapulmonary TB patients (E.TB; n=6) showed no elevation of early monocyte-derived cytokines to either PPD or CFP, but showed a marked suppression of the T-cell-derived cytokines IFN-gamma (PPD, p=0.015; CFP, p=0.05) and IL5 (PPD, p=0.05; CFP, p=0.015). |
| 3185 | 12163593 | The ability to activate cells via TLR2 by wild-type MV H protein is abolished by mutation of a single amino acid, asparagine at position 481 to tyrosine, as is found in attenuated strains, which is important for interaction with CD46, the receptor for these strains. |
| 3186 | 12163593 | The ability to activate cells via TLR2 by wild-type MV H protein is abolished by mutation of a single amino acid, asparagine at position 481 to tyrosine, as is found in attenuated strains, which is important for interaction with CD46, the receptor for these strains. |
| 3187 | 12163593 | TLR2 activation by MV wild-type H protein stimulates induction of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human monocytic cells and surface expression of CD150, the receptor for all MV strains. |
| 3188 | 12163593 | TLR2 activation by MV wild-type H protein stimulates induction of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human monocytic cells and surface expression of CD150, the receptor for all MV strains. |
| 3189 | 12163593 | Confirming the specificity of this interaction, wild-type H protein did not induce IL-6 release in macrophages from TLR2-/- mice. |
| 3190 | 12163593 | Confirming the specificity of this interaction, wild-type H protein did not induce IL-6 release in macrophages from TLR2-/- mice. |
| 3191 | 12163272 | IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12 were consistently detected in challenged animals that had been vaccinated. |
| 3192 | 12163272 | IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12 were consistently detected in challenged animals that had been vaccinated. |
| 3193 | 12163272 | IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12 were consistently detected in challenged animals that had been vaccinated. |
| 3194 | 12163272 | Other cytokines--IL-1, IL-2, TNF, TGF and interferons--were not detected. |
| 3195 | 12163272 | Other cytokines--IL-1, IL-2, TNF, TGF and interferons--were not detected. |
| 3196 | 12163272 | Other cytokines--IL-1, IL-2, TNF, TGF and interferons--were not detected. |
| 3197 | 12163272 | Although the IL-6 and IL-8 did not relate to protection, IL-12 production was highest in the protected vaccinated pigs. |
| 3198 | 12163272 | Although the IL-6 and IL-8 did not relate to protection, IL-12 production was highest in the protected vaccinated pigs. |
| 3199 | 12163272 | Although the IL-6 and IL-8 did not relate to protection, IL-12 production was highest in the protected vaccinated pigs. |
| 3200 | 12163272 | Thus, the induction of monocytic cell activity, demonstrable by the production of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12, appears to play a critical role in FMDV emergency vaccine induction of the innate immune defences which relate to early protection against FMD. |
| 3201 | 12163272 | Thus, the induction of monocytic cell activity, demonstrable by the production of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12, appears to play a critical role in FMDV emergency vaccine induction of the innate immune defences which relate to early protection against FMD. |
| 3202 | 12163272 | Thus, the induction of monocytic cell activity, demonstrable by the production of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12, appears to play a critical role in FMDV emergency vaccine induction of the innate immune defences which relate to early protection against FMD. |
| 3203 | 12149423 | CD1a(+) DC derived from precursors, expanded in fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3-L), stem-cell factor (SCF), interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-6, were less potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) compared to CD1a(+) DC derived from precursors expanded in Flt3-L, trombopoietine (TPO), and SCF. |
| 3204 | 12149423 | CD1a(+) DC derived from precursors, expanded in fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3-L), stem-cell factor (SCF), interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-6, were less potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) compared to CD1a(+) DC derived from precursors expanded in Flt3-L, trombopoietine (TPO), and SCF. |
| 3205 | 12149423 | Furthermore, the latter produced high levels of IL-12 and low levels of IL-10, a cytokine profile favorable for the priming cytotoxic T cells. |
| 3206 | 12149423 | Furthermore, the latter produced high levels of IL-12 and low levels of IL-10, a cytokine profile favorable for the priming cytotoxic T cells. |
| 3207 | 12149423 | In contrast, a mean increase of total cell number of 453-fold was obtained with Flt3-L, SCF, IL-3, and IL-6, and this increase was only 38-fold with Flt3-L, TPO, and SCF. |
| 3208 | 12149423 | In contrast, a mean increase of total cell number of 453-fold was obtained with Flt3-L, SCF, IL-3, and IL-6, and this increase was only 38-fold with Flt3-L, TPO, and SCF. |
| 3209 | 12131369 | Interleukin-6 production by human bladder tumor cell lines is up-regulated by bacillus Calmette-Guérin through nuclear factor-kappaB and Ap-1 via an immediate early pathway. |
| 3210 | 12119053 | Infected cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8. |
| 3211 | 12117936 | Oral immunization of mice with a Salmonella vaccine expressing colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli results in the rapid onset of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 production, which explains the observed elevations in mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and serum IgG1 antibodies. |
| 3212 | 12117936 | Upon measurement of proinflammatory cytokines, minimal to no tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, or IL-6 was produced by Salmonella-CFA/I-infected RAW 264.7 or peritoneal macrophages, but production was greatly induced in Salmonella vector-infected macrophages. |
| 3213 | 12117936 | Only minute levels of IL-12 p70 were induced by Salmonella vector-infected macrophages, and none was induced by Salmonella-CFA/I-infected macrophages. |
| 3214 | 12117936 | The absence of IL-12 was not due to overt increases in production of either IL-12 p40 or IL-10. |
| 3215 | 12114290 | In vitro cellular and humoral immune responses were measured to detect functional abnormalities in antigen presenting cells (autologous mixed leukocyte reactions and expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha); T cells (lymphocyte proliferation using the polyclonal T-cell activators phytohemagglutinin and Concanavalin A; primary immune responses in allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions; secondary immune response using the recall antigens tetanus toxoid, Candida albicans, and anthrax vaccine; and soluble IL-2 receptor expression); type-1 T-helper cells (gamma interferon expression); type-2 T-helper cells (IL-4 and IL-10 expression); and B cells (polyclonal B-cell activator pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin production). |
| 3216 | 12091878 | Hyporesponsiveness to vaccination with Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in humans and in TLR1- and TLR2-deficient mice. |
| 3217 | 12091878 | The macrophages of low responders produced less tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 after OspA stimulation and had lower cell-surface expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1 as compared to normal cells, but normal expression of TLR2. |
| 3218 | 12091878 | After OspA immunization, mice genetically deficient in either TLR2 (TLR2(-/-)) or TLR1 (TLR1(-/-)) produced low titers of antibodies against OspA. |
| 3219 | 12091878 | Notably, macrophages from TLR2(-/-) mice were unresponsive to OspA and PGN, whereas those from TLR1(-/-) mice responded normally to PGN but not to OspA. |
| 3220 | 12091878 | These data indicate that TLR1 and TLR2 are required for lipoprotein recognition and that defects in the TLR1/2 signaling pathway may account for human hyporesponsiveness to OspA vaccination. |
| 3221 | 12079558 | Using synthetic RNA standards, we quantified mRNAs of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), and MIP-1 beta in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lymph nodes from macaques chronically infected with SIV or SHIV. |
| 3222 | 12079558 | Viremic monkeys with decreased CD4(+) T cell counts (<500 cells/microl) had significantly higher IL-10 mRNA expression than uninfected controls, which parallels the findings in HIV-1-infected humans. |
| 3223 | 12079558 | In addition, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and RANTES mRNA expression increased in viremic monkeys with decreased CD4(+) T cell counts; gene expression was inversely correlated with CD4(+) T cell counts, but not viral load. |
| 3224 | 12052340 | The cytokine inducing capacity of the vaccine vector pcDNA3, a methylated form of the plasmid, and pcDNA3 encoding porcine interleukin (IL)-6 or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was studied in pigs, using a model with tissue chambers implanted subcutaneously. |
| 3225 | 12052340 | The cytokine inducing capacity of the vaccine vector pcDNA3, a methylated form of the plasmid, and pcDNA3 encoding porcine interleukin (IL)-6 or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was studied in pigs, using a model with tissue chambers implanted subcutaneously. |
| 3226 | 12052340 | The cytokine inducing capacity of the vaccine vector pcDNA3, a methylated form of the plasmid, and pcDNA3 encoding porcine interleukin (IL)-6 or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was studied in pigs, using a model with tissue chambers implanted subcutaneously. |
| 3227 | 12052340 | The production of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6 and GM-CSF was studied at local (tissue chamber fluid (TCF)) and systemic (serum) levels during 3 days post-injection. |
| 3228 | 12052340 | The production of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6 and GM-CSF was studied at local (tissue chamber fluid (TCF)) and systemic (serum) levels during 3 days post-injection. |
| 3229 | 12052340 | The production of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6 and GM-CSF was studied at local (tissue chamber fluid (TCF)) and systemic (serum) levels during 3 days post-injection. |
| 3230 | 12052340 | All forms of the plasmid, except the methylated, induced a transient local production of IFN-alpha but no plasmid-induced production of IFN-gamma, GM-CSF or IL-6 could be detected after injection of the plasmids. |
| 3231 | 12052340 | All forms of the plasmid, except the methylated, induced a transient local production of IFN-alpha but no plasmid-induced production of IFN-gamma, GM-CSF or IL-6 could be detected after injection of the plasmids. |
| 3232 | 12052340 | All forms of the plasmid, except the methylated, induced a transient local production of IFN-alpha but no plasmid-induced production of IFN-gamma, GM-CSF or IL-6 could be detected after injection of the plasmids. |
| 3233 | 12045243 | Compound deletion of ctxAB, hlyA, hapA, and rtxA created strain KFV101, which colonized the lung but induced pulmonary disease with limited inflammation and significantly reduced serum titers of IL-6 and MIP-2. 100% of mice inoculated with KFV101 survive, compared with 20% of mice inoculated with the ctxAB mutant. |
| 3234 | 12038038 | DTPa immunization induced a Th2 response with production of interleukin 5 and interleukin 6. |
| 3235 | 12005331 | Our results showed that the recombinant MPT 85B (rMPT 85B) antigen induced a high production of interferon (IFN)gamma, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and nitric oxide (NO). |
| 3236 | 11994440 | IFN-alpha beta promote priming of antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes by immunostimulatory DNA-based vaccines. |
| 3237 | 11994440 | Immunostimulatory sequence (ISS) DNA containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides stimulate NK and APC to secrete proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-alphabeta and -gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 and -12, and to express costimulatory surface molecules such as CD40, B7-1, and B7-2. |
| 3238 | 11994440 | This investigation examines the mechanisms by which ISS DNA primes CD8(+) and CD4(+) lymphocyte activities. |
| 3239 | 11994440 | Coordinated regulation of B7 costimulation and TAP-dependent cross-presentation results in priming of Ag-specific CD8(+) CTL, whereas CD40, B7, and IL-12 costimulation is required for priming of CD4(+) Th cells by ISS-based vaccines. |
| 3240 | 11991987 | Among the proinflammatory cytokines and their mRNAs measured (IL-6, IL-1 beta, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-8 showed the greatest change following D2V infection. |
| 3241 | 11991987 | Among the proinflammatory cytokines and their mRNAs measured (IL-6, IL-1 beta, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-8 showed the greatest change following D2V infection. |
| 3242 | 11991987 | Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and nuclear factor IL-6 (NFIL-6) are primary mediators of IL-8 expression. |
| 3243 | 11991987 | Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and nuclear factor IL-6 (NFIL-6) are primary mediators of IL-8 expression. |
| 3244 | 11991987 | We studied the transcriptional regulation of IL-8 in the ECV304 and 293T cell lines and found that the induction of IL-8 gene expression involved the activation of NF-kappa B (P = 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, the activation of NFIL-6 in ECV304 cells only. |
| 3245 | 11991987 | We studied the transcriptional regulation of IL-8 in the ECV304 and 293T cell lines and found that the induction of IL-8 gene expression involved the activation of NF-kappa B (P = 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, the activation of NFIL-6 in ECV304 cells only. |
| 3246 | 11991987 | IL-8 produced by infected monocytes and also IL-8 that may be produced by endothelial or other epithelial cells is associated with the hyperacetylation of histones bound to the IL-8 promoter in addition to the activation of transcription by NF-kappa B. |
| 3247 | 11991987 | IL-8 produced by infected monocytes and also IL-8 that may be produced by endothelial or other epithelial cells is associated with the hyperacetylation of histones bound to the IL-8 promoter in addition to the activation of transcription by NF-kappa B. |
| 3248 | 11982859 | A correlation between peptide-specific interferon-gamma and interleukin-6 production and proliferation to peptide Pf Exp-1 23-105 was observed. |
| 3249 | 11943328 | Furthermore, 48h after the third immunization the CpG-group showed a significantly decreased IL-6 mRNA expression in cells of the local draining lymph node but no significant difference in TGF-beta (Th3-like) and IL-10 (Th2-like). |
| 3250 | 11943328 | The ODN injected animals showed the tendency to have higher IFN-gamma (Th1-like) mRNA-expression in comparison with the control group. |
| 3251 | 11916244 | Brain tumor-bearing mice were treated with cytokine (IL -4, IL-6, IL-7, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, LIF, LT) producing vaccines made by in vitro transduction of GI261 cells with the corresponding adenoviral vectors. |
| 3252 | 11916244 | Vaccines producing either IL-4 or GM-CSF cured 20-40% of mice. |
| 3253 | 11916244 | Brain tumors were heavily infiltrated by CD4+ lymphocytes after treatment with IL-4- or GM-CSF-secreting cells. |
| 3254 | 11916244 | GM-CSF vaccination induced moderate CD8+ infiltration, as well. |
| 3255 | 11916244 | Depleting either CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocyte subsets abolished the anticancer effect of GM-CSF-expressing cells. |
| 3256 | 11916244 | Strong synergism was observed by combining cytokine vaccination (GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-12) with local tumor irradiation: about 80-100% of the glioma-bearing mice was cured. |
| 3257 | 11902830 | Mature DCs expressed significantly heightened levels of their antigen-presenting machinery (e.g., CD54, CD80, CD86) and numerous cytokines and chemokines/chemokine receptors (i.e., Flt-3L, G-CSF, IL-1alpha and -1beta, IL-6, IL-12, CCL-2, -3, -4, -5, -17, and -22, MIP-2, and CCR7) and were significantly better at inducing effector T cell responses in vitro. |
| 3258 | 11902830 | Mature DCs expressed significantly heightened levels of their antigen-presenting machinery (e.g., CD54, CD80, CD86) and numerous cytokines and chemokines/chemokine receptors (i.e., Flt-3L, G-CSF, IL-1alpha and -1beta, IL-6, IL-12, CCL-2, -3, -4, -5, -17, and -22, MIP-2, and CCR7) and were significantly better at inducing effector T cell responses in vitro. |
| 3259 | 11902830 | Nevertheless, intermediate-maturity DCs expressed substantial levels of Flt-3L, IGF-1, IL-1alpha and -1beta, IL-6, CCL-2, -3, -4, -9/10, -17, and -22, MIP-2, osteopontin, CCR-1, -2, -5, and -7, and CXCR-4. |
| 3260 | 11902830 | Nevertheless, intermediate-maturity DCs expressed substantial levels of Flt-3L, IGF-1, IL-1alpha and -1beta, IL-6, CCL-2, -3, -4, -9/10, -17, and -22, MIP-2, osteopontin, CCR-1, -2, -5, and -7, and CXCR-4. |
| 3261 | 11895976 | Similarly, additional mycobacterial antigen delivered directly to the lungs by aerosol infection with viable M. tuberculosis mixed with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1:1) also did not reduce the bacillary load but caused increased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which was associated with larger granulomas in the lungs. |
| 3262 | 11895976 | When M. tuberculosis-infected mice were treated with recombinant BCG that secreted cytokines shown to reduce disease in a preinfection vaccine model, the BCG secreting TNF-alpha, and to a lesser extent, IL-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), caused a significant increase in granuloma size in the lungs. |
| 3263 | 11895951 | To understand the mechanism(s) implicated in the regulation of the synthesis and release of IL-10 during early infection, we investigated the autocrine effects of IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-10 itself, as well as the exocrine effect of IFN-gamma on the production of macrophage-derived IL-10 with lipoprotein as a stimulant. |
| 3264 | 11895951 | To understand the mechanism(s) implicated in the regulation of the synthesis and release of IL-10 during early infection, we investigated the autocrine effects of IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-10 itself, as well as the exocrine effect of IFN-gamma on the production of macrophage-derived IL-10 with lipoprotein as a stimulant. |
| 3265 | 11895951 | TNF-alpha increased the production of IL-10, as elicited by lipoproteins. |
| 3266 | 11895951 | TNF-alpha increased the production of IL-10, as elicited by lipoproteins. |
| 3267 | 11895951 | The production of IL-10 by THP-1 cells stimulated with L-OspA was autoregulated by a negative feedback mechanism involving the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R). |
| 3268 | 11895951 | The production of IL-10 by THP-1 cells stimulated with L-OspA was autoregulated by a negative feedback mechanism involving the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R). |
| 3269 | 11895951 | Exogenous IFN-gamma significantly inhibited the production of IL-10. |
| 3270 | 11895951 | Exogenous IFN-gamma significantly inhibited the production of IL-10. |
| 3271 | 11895951 | Both autocrine (IL-10) and exocrine (IFN-gamma) inhibition of IL-10 production resulted in an increase in the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12. |
| 3272 | 11895951 | Both autocrine (IL-10) and exocrine (IFN-gamma) inhibition of IL-10 production resulted in an increase in the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12. |
| 3273 | 11848512 | It was followed by a transient elevation of the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNF-alpha IL-6. |
| 3274 | 11846424 | In vaccines produced in eukaryote cells as well as in commercial medical preparations of leukocyte interferon a number of cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha have been detected. |
| 3275 | 11846424 | In vaccines produced in eukaryote cells as well as in commercial medical preparations of leukocyte interferon a number of cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha have been detected. |
| 3276 | 11846424 | Among the vaccines examined in this study the highest level of IL-1beta was demonstrated in inactivated hepatitis A vaccine prepared in the green monkey kidney cell line 4647, that of IL-6 in inactivated rabies vaccine produced in Syrian hamster kidney (SHK) cell culture, and that of TNF-alpha in live poliomyelitis vaccine manufactured in VERO cells. |
| 3277 | 11846424 | Among the vaccines examined in this study the highest level of IL-1beta was demonstrated in inactivated hepatitis A vaccine prepared in the green monkey kidney cell line 4647, that of IL-6 in inactivated rabies vaccine produced in Syrian hamster kidney (SHK) cell culture, and that of TNF-alpha in live poliomyelitis vaccine manufactured in VERO cells. |
| 3278 | 11836673 | Systems studied have included lysis by interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a p16-expressing adenovirus vector, suicide gene therapy using the herpes simplex virus-tyrosine kinase (HSV-tk) followed by ganciclovir, and immunomodulatory gene therapy with IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-6, and IL-1beta transfected into tumors. |
| 3279 | 11836673 | Since platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is thought to be an autocrine growth factor for mesothelioma STI-571 (Gleevec; Novartis, Basel, Switzerland), a highly selective inhibitor of the PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase, is being tested in a phase II trial. |
| 3280 | 11818167 | Co-expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor with antigen enhances humoral and tumor immunity after DNA vaccination. |
| 3281 | 11818167 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was used to enhance humoral and tumor immunity resulting from DNA immunization. |
| 3282 | 11818167 | The genes encoding GM-CSF and antigen were cloned onto the same plasmid backbone, but separate promoters drove expression of each gene. beta-Galactosidase was used as the model antigen to generate antibody responses while the human tumor antigen, MAGE-1, was used to monitor tumor resistance. |
| 3283 | 11818167 | Similarly, DNA vaccines expressing both MAGE-1 antigen and GM-CSF were more effective in protecting against B16-MAGE-1 melanoma. |
| 3284 | 11818167 | However, both GM-CSF co-expressing DNA vaccines and co-inoculation with plasmids encoding the cytokine or antigen enhanced the generation antigen-specific IFN-gamma and IL-6 responses. |
| 3285 | 11805229 | These compounds showed intrinsic agonistic properties when tested for their ability to stimulate tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human whole blood and interleukin-6 in U373 human glioblastoma cells without added LPS coreceptor CD14. |
| 3286 | 11792391 | Characteristic immunophenotypic and functional DC maturation induced by standard monocyte conditioned medium (MCM) was compared to the activation induced by a panel of stimuli including soluble CD40L, LPS, Poly I:C, PGE(2)/TNFalpha, and a cocktail mixture of PGE(2)/TNFalpha/IL-1beta/IL-6. |
| 3287 | 11792391 | Immunophenotypic analysis confirmed that all stimuli induced stable up-regulation of CD25, CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR, DC-LAMP (CD208), and DEC-205 (CD205). |
| 3288 | 11774597 | IL-6 and GM-CSF in tumor rejection model of renal cell cancer. |
| 3289 | 11739712 | Here we show that infection of cynomolgus macaques by wild-type Puumala hantavirus resulted in typical signs of HFRS including lethargy, anorexia, proteinuria, and/or hematuria, in addition to cytokine (interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), C-reactive protein, creatinine, and nitric oxide responses. |
| 3290 | 11726136 | Standardized generation of fully mature p70 IL-12 secreting monocyte-derived dendritic cells for clinical use. |
| 3291 | 11726136 | Only a combination of TNFalpha + Poly (I:C), or a previously described cytokine cocktail of TNFalpha + IL-1beta + IL-6 + prostaglandin E2, induced the complete activation of the whole DC population, as assessed by the cell surface expression of CD83 and costimulatory molecules. |
| 3292 | 11712808 | Serial urinary IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNFalpha, UBC, CYFRA 21-1 and NMP22 during follow-up of patients with bladder cancer receiving intravesical BCG. |
| 3293 | 11685934 | The clear majority of the data suggests that open surgery is associated with significantly higher levels of IL-6 and CRP. |
| 3294 | 11683955 | We evaluated the use of recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) and a monoclonal antibody specific for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) as co-adjuvants in a subunit vaccine against tuberculosis consisting of the culture filtrate proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ST-CF) emulsified in the adjuvant dimethyl-dioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA). |
| 3295 | 11642602 | In contrast, exposure to serum-free medium and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) rapidly influences CD83+ DCs to secrete high levels of IL-12, IL-6, and MIP-1beta, and promotes Dcl differentiation. |
| 3296 | 11642602 | In contrast, exposure to serum-free medium and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) rapidly influences CD83+ DCs to secrete high levels of IL-12, IL-6, and MIP-1beta, and promotes Dcl differentiation. |
| 3297 | 11642602 | In contrast, CD83+ DCs matured in serum-free medium in the absence of IFN-gamma, or in the presence of calcium signaling agents, prostaglandin-E2, or IFN-alpha, produce no IL-12, scant IL-6, and prodigious IL-8, MDC, and TARC, and promote Dc2 differentiation. |
| 3298 | 11642602 | In contrast, CD83+ DCs matured in serum-free medium in the absence of IFN-gamma, or in the presence of calcium signaling agents, prostaglandin-E2, or IFN-alpha, produce no IL-12, scant IL-6, and prodigious IL-8, MDC, and TARC, and promote Dc2 differentiation. |
| 3299 | 11576883 | The in vivo response to standard hepatitis B booster vaccine and in vitro proliferation and release of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma from stimulated lymphocytes were not different between the groups. |
| 3300 | 11576883 | In contrast to clinical immune effects, paricalcitol increased serum calcium levels and decreased PTH and bone alkaline phosphatase levels (all P < 0.05). |
| 3301 | 11549417 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 are the first set of cytokines produced upon such an encounter, which have roles both in protective immunity and immunopathogenesis evident with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). |
| 3302 | 11549417 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 are the first set of cytokines produced upon such an encounter, which have roles both in protective immunity and immunopathogenesis evident with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). |
| 3303 | 11549417 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 are the first set of cytokines produced upon such an encounter, which have roles both in protective immunity and immunopathogenesis evident with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). |
| 3304 | 11549417 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 are the first set of cytokines produced upon such an encounter, which have roles both in protective immunity and immunopathogenesis evident with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). |
| 3305 | 11549417 | Live virus and LPS induced higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha than ISCOM and so did non-adjuvanted UV-inactivated RSV but only at high doses. |
| 3306 | 11549417 | Live virus and LPS induced higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha than ISCOM and so did non-adjuvanted UV-inactivated RSV but only at high doses. |
| 3307 | 11549417 | Live virus and LPS induced higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha than ISCOM and so did non-adjuvanted UV-inactivated RSV but only at high doses. |
| 3308 | 11549417 | Live virus and LPS induced higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha than ISCOM and so did non-adjuvanted UV-inactivated RSV but only at high doses. |
| 3309 | 11549417 | Kinetic studies showed that ISCOM induced cytokine production first detected at hours 1, 2, 4 for TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1alpha respectively, which was earlier than for the other antigen formulations containing corresponding doses of antigen and/or Quillaja adjuvant. |
| 3310 | 11549417 | Kinetic studies showed that ISCOM induced cytokine production first detected at hours 1, 2, 4 for TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1alpha respectively, which was earlier than for the other antigen formulations containing corresponding doses of antigen and/or Quillaja adjuvant. |
| 3311 | 11549417 | Kinetic studies showed that ISCOM induced cytokine production first detected at hours 1, 2, 4 for TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1alpha respectively, which was earlier than for the other antigen formulations containing corresponding doses of antigen and/or Quillaja adjuvant. |
| 3312 | 11549417 | Kinetic studies showed that ISCOM induced cytokine production first detected at hours 1, 2, 4 for TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1alpha respectively, which was earlier than for the other antigen formulations containing corresponding doses of antigen and/or Quillaja adjuvant. |
| 3313 | 11549417 | Peak values for production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were at 8 h and for IL-1alpha at 72 h following stimulation with ISCOM. |
| 3314 | 11549417 | Peak values for production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were at 8 h and for IL-1alpha at 72 h following stimulation with ISCOM. |
| 3315 | 11549417 | Peak values for production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were at 8 h and for IL-1alpha at 72 h following stimulation with ISCOM. |
| 3316 | 11549417 | Peak values for production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were at 8 h and for IL-1alpha at 72 h following stimulation with ISCOM. |
| 3317 | 11516780 | Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 and IL-12, which promote either Th2- or Th1-type responses, respectively, also enhance systemic immunity to co-administered antigens. |
| 3318 | 11516780 | The chemoattractants lymphotactin (Lptn), RANTES and defensins also exerted adjuvant activity for systemic immunity when nasally administered with antigens. |
| 3319 | 11516780 | Interleukin-12, IL-1, and the chemokines Lptn and RANTES promote mucosal immunity. |
| 3320 | 11500399 | In addition, high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-12, IL-10, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and IL-4 production were detected in lung cells, and nitric oxide (NO) production was high in culture supernatants of bronchoalveolar lavage cells. |
| 3321 | 11500399 | In addition, high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-12, IL-10, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and IL-4 production were detected in lung cells, and nitric oxide (NO) production was high in culture supernatants of bronchoalveolar lavage cells. |
| 3322 | 11500399 | High levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-12, IL-10, and NO were detected in the culture supernatants. |
| 3323 | 11500399 | High levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-12, IL-10, and NO were detected in the culture supernatants. |
| 3324 | 11477558 | Our data showed that phagocytosis of apoptotic/necrotic tumor cells resulted in maturation of DCs with up-regulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor], chemokines (MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and MIP-2), the CC chemokine receptor CCR7 and the cell surface molecules (MHC class II, CD11b, CD40 and CD86), and down-regulated expression of the CC chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5. |
| 3325 | 11454067 | C57Bl/6 mice immunized with this vaccine developed a strong T helper 1 (Th1) response characterized by an increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreted by CD4+ T cells. |
| 3326 | 11454067 | C57Bl/6 mice immunized with this vaccine developed a strong T helper 1 (Th1) response characterized by an increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreted by CD4+ T cells. |
| 3327 | 11454067 | C57Bl/6 mice immunized with this vaccine developed a strong T helper 1 (Th1) response characterized by an increased production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreted by CD4+ T cells. |
| 3328 | 11454067 | Neutralization of IL-6 during in vivo priming resulted in marked reduction in the ability of T cells to secrete IFN-gamma and IL-2 and to proliferate. |
| 3329 | 11454067 | Neutralization of IL-6 during in vivo priming resulted in marked reduction in the ability of T cells to secrete IFN-gamma and IL-2 and to proliferate. |
| 3330 | 11454067 | Neutralization of IL-6 during in vivo priming resulted in marked reduction in the ability of T cells to secrete IFN-gamma and IL-2 and to proliferate. |
| 3331 | 11454067 | IL-6 gene-disrupted mice primed with the vaccine showed a decrease in the number of IFN-gamma-producing cells and an increase in IL-4-secreting cells as compared to control mice. |
| 3332 | 11454067 | IL-6 gene-disrupted mice primed with the vaccine showed a decrease in the number of IFN-gamma-producing cells and an increase in IL-4-secreting cells as compared to control mice. |
| 3333 | 11454067 | IL-6 gene-disrupted mice primed with the vaccine showed a decrease in the number of IFN-gamma-producing cells and an increase in IL-4-secreting cells as compared to control mice. |
| 3334 | 11454067 | In contrast, neutralization of IL-6 during a boost of the vaccine in previously primed mice did not affect the development of IFN-gamma-producing cells but still increased the number of IL-4-producing cells. |
| 3335 | 11454067 | In contrast, neutralization of IL-6 during a boost of the vaccine in previously primed mice did not affect the development of IFN-gamma-producing cells but still increased the number of IL-4-producing cells. |
| 3336 | 11454067 | In contrast, neutralization of IL-6 during a boost of the vaccine in previously primed mice did not affect the development of IFN-gamma-producing cells but still increased the number of IL-4-producing cells. |
| 3337 | 11401973 | Both the parent and lpxA strains induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), and IL-6 in DCs, although the parent was the more potent stimulus. |
| 3338 | 11401973 | Both the parent and lpxA strains induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), and IL-6 in DCs, although the parent was the more potent stimulus. |
| 3339 | 11401973 | Compared to intact bacteria, purified LPS was a very poor inducer of IL-1alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha production and induced no detectable IL-12. |
| 3340 | 11401973 | Compared to intact bacteria, purified LPS was a very poor inducer of IL-1alpha, IL-6, and TNF-alpha production and induced no detectable IL-12. |
| 3341 | 11395635 | Antitumor Effect on Murine Renal Cell Carcinoma by Autologous Tumor Vaccines Genetically Modified with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-6 Cells. |
| 3342 | 11395635 | Antitumor Effect on Murine Renal Cell Carcinoma by Autologous Tumor Vaccines Genetically Modified with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-6 Cells. |
| 3343 | 11395635 | Antitumor Effect on Murine Renal Cell Carcinoma by Autologous Tumor Vaccines Genetically Modified with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-6 Cells. |
| 3344 | 11395635 | Antitumor Effect on Murine Renal Cell Carcinoma by Autologous Tumor Vaccines Genetically Modified with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-6 Cells. |
| 3345 | 11395635 | Antitumor Effect on Murine Renal Cell Carcinoma by Autologous Tumor Vaccines Genetically Modified with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-6 Cells. |
| 3346 | 11395635 | Antitumor Effect on Murine Renal Cell Carcinoma by Autologous Tumor Vaccines Genetically Modified with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-6 Cells. |
| 3347 | 11395635 | Antitumor Effect on Murine Renal Cell Carcinoma by Autologous Tumor Vaccines Genetically Modified with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-6 Cells. |
| 3348 | 11395635 | SUMMARY: The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3349 | 11395635 | SUMMARY: The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3350 | 11395635 | SUMMARY: The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3351 | 11395635 | SUMMARY: The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3352 | 11395635 | SUMMARY: The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3353 | 11395635 | SUMMARY: The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3354 | 11395635 | SUMMARY: The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3355 | 11395635 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3356 | 11395635 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3357 | 11395635 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3358 | 11395635 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3359 | 11395635 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3360 | 11395635 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3361 | 11395635 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3362 | 11395635 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3363 | 11395635 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3364 | 11395635 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3365 | 11395635 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3366 | 11395635 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3367 | 11395635 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3368 | 11395635 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3369 | 11395635 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3370 | 11395635 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3371 | 11395635 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3372 | 11395635 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3373 | 11395635 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3374 | 11395635 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3375 | 11395635 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3376 | 11395635 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3377 | 11395635 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3378 | 11395635 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3379 | 11395635 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3380 | 11395635 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3381 | 11395635 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3382 | 11395635 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3383 | 11395635 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3384 | 11395635 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3385 | 11395635 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3386 | 11395635 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3387 | 11395635 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3388 | 11395635 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3389 | 11395635 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3390 | 11394497 | Antitumor effect on murine renal cell carcinoma by autologous tumor vaccines genetically modified with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 cells. |
| 3391 | 11394497 | Antitumor effect on murine renal cell carcinoma by autologous tumor vaccines genetically modified with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 cells. |
| 3392 | 11394497 | Antitumor effect on murine renal cell carcinoma by autologous tumor vaccines genetically modified with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 cells. |
| 3393 | 11394497 | Antitumor effect on murine renal cell carcinoma by autologous tumor vaccines genetically modified with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 cells. |
| 3394 | 11394497 | Antitumor effect on murine renal cell carcinoma by autologous tumor vaccines genetically modified with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 cells. |
| 3395 | 11394497 | Antitumor effect on murine renal cell carcinoma by autologous tumor vaccines genetically modified with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 cells. |
| 3396 | 11394497 | Antitumor effect on murine renal cell carcinoma by autologous tumor vaccines genetically modified with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 cells. |
| 3397 | 11394497 | The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3398 | 11394497 | The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3399 | 11394497 | The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3400 | 11394497 | The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3401 | 11394497 | The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3402 | 11394497 | The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3403 | 11394497 | The authors evaluted the efficacy of vaccination with murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) secreting the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene for the treatment of Renca tumor. |
| 3404 | 11394497 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3405 | 11394497 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3406 | 11394497 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3407 | 11394497 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3408 | 11394497 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3409 | 11394497 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3410 | 11394497 | Murine GM-CSF and murine IL-6 genes were introduced and expressed in Renca cells (Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6). |
| 3411 | 11394497 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3412 | 11394497 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3413 | 11394497 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3414 | 11394497 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3415 | 11394497 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3416 | 11394497 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3417 | 11394497 | For a prevaccination study, wild-type Renca cells were injected subcutaneously into Balb/c mice that had been vaccinated three times with inactivated wild-type Renca, Renca-GM-CSF, Renca-IL-6, or a mixture of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 cells 7, 14, and 21 days before this tumor inoculation. |
| 3418 | 11394497 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3419 | 11394497 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3420 | 11394497 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3421 | 11394497 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3422 | 11394497 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3423 | 11394497 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3424 | 11394497 | For vaccination experiments, Renca tumor-bearing (8 to 10 mm) mice were injected subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks with inactivated wild-type Renca cells, or either one or a combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6. |
| 3425 | 11394497 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3426 | 11394497 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3427 | 11394497 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3428 | 11394497 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3429 | 11394497 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3430 | 11394497 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3431 | 11394497 | Prevaccination with the combination of Renca-GM-CSF and Renca-IL-6 prevented subsequently inoculated wild-type Renca from forming tumors, and prevaccination with either one of them, compared with prevaccination with wild-type Renca, retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival time. |
| 3432 | 11394497 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3433 | 11394497 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3434 | 11394497 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3435 | 11394497 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3436 | 11394497 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3437 | 11394497 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3438 | 11394497 | Vaccination with Renca-GM-CSF or Renca-IL-6 alone prolonged the survival time, but only Renca-GM-CSF drastically reduced the tumor size. |
| 3439 | 11378044 | Markers that correlate with specific bladder biopsy features include 1,4-methylimidazole acetic acid and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), which correlate with mast cell density, and interleukin (IL)-6, which correlates with mononuclear inflammation. |
| 3440 | 11378044 | Markers that correlate with specific bladder biopsy features include 1,4-methylimidazole acetic acid and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), which correlate with mast cell density, and interleukin (IL)-6, which correlates with mononuclear inflammation. |
| 3441 | 11378044 | Markers that changed after treatment were as follows: (1) nitric oxide synthase and cyclic guanosine monophosphate increased with oral L-arginine; (2) ECP decreased with subcutaneous heparin; (3) prostaglandin E(2) and kallikrein decreased after bladder distention; (4) neutrophil chemotactic activity decreased after dimethyl sulfoxide; (5) IL-2 inhibitor decreased after oral nifedipine; (6) IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 decreased after bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine; and (7) APF and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor changed to or toward normal levels after bladder distention or sacral nerve stimulation. |
| 3442 | 11378044 | Markers that changed after treatment were as follows: (1) nitric oxide synthase and cyclic guanosine monophosphate increased with oral L-arginine; (2) ECP decreased with subcutaneous heparin; (3) prostaglandin E(2) and kallikrein decreased after bladder distention; (4) neutrophil chemotactic activity decreased after dimethyl sulfoxide; (5) IL-2 inhibitor decreased after oral nifedipine; (6) IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 decreased after bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine; and (7) APF and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor changed to or toward normal levels after bladder distention or sacral nerve stimulation. |
| 3443 | 11369878 | The role of IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 in primary and vaccine-primed immune responses to infection with Friend retrovirus (Murine leukaemia virus). |
| 3444 | 11369878 | The role of IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 in primary and vaccine-primed immune responses to infection with Friend retrovirus (Murine leukaemia virus). |
| 3445 | 11369878 | The role of IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 in primary and vaccine-primed immune responses to infection with Friend retrovirus (Murine leukaemia virus). |
| 3446 | 11369878 | The role of IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 in primary and vaccine-primed immune responses to infection with Friend retrovirus (Murine leukaemia virus). |
| 3447 | 11369878 | The role of IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 in primary and vaccine-primed immune responses to infection with Friend retrovirus (Murine leukaemia virus). |
| 3448 | 11369878 | The role of IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 in primary and vaccine-primed immune responses to infection with Friend retrovirus (Murine leukaemia virus). |
| 3449 | 11369878 | We investigated the role of the B-cell stimulating cytokines IL-5 and IL-6, and the immuno-suppressive cytokine IL-10, during primary and secondary immune responses in mice against infection with Friend retrovirus (FV) (Murine leukaemia virus). |
| 3450 | 11369878 | We investigated the role of the B-cell stimulating cytokines IL-5 and IL-6, and the immuno-suppressive cytokine IL-10, during primary and secondary immune responses in mice against infection with Friend retrovirus (FV) (Murine leukaemia virus). |
| 3451 | 11369878 | We investigated the role of the B-cell stimulating cytokines IL-5 and IL-6, and the immuno-suppressive cytokine IL-10, during primary and secondary immune responses in mice against infection with Friend retrovirus (FV) (Murine leukaemia virus). |
| 3452 | 11369878 | We investigated the role of the B-cell stimulating cytokines IL-5 and IL-6, and the immuno-suppressive cytokine IL-10, during primary and secondary immune responses in mice against infection with Friend retrovirus (FV) (Murine leukaemia virus). |
| 3453 | 11369878 | We investigated the role of the B-cell stimulating cytokines IL-5 and IL-6, and the immuno-suppressive cytokine IL-10, during primary and secondary immune responses in mice against infection with Friend retrovirus (FV) (Murine leukaemia virus). |
| 3454 | 11369878 | We investigated the role of the B-cell stimulating cytokines IL-5 and IL-6, and the immuno-suppressive cytokine IL-10, during primary and secondary immune responses in mice against infection with Friend retrovirus (FV) (Murine leukaemia virus). |
| 3455 | 11369878 | In contrast, IL-6(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice showed significantly enhanced virus loads in spleen cells. |
| 3456 | 11369878 | In contrast, IL-6(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice showed significantly enhanced virus loads in spleen cells. |
| 3457 | 11369878 | In contrast, IL-6(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice showed significantly enhanced virus loads in spleen cells. |
| 3458 | 11369878 | In contrast, IL-6(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice showed significantly enhanced virus loads in spleen cells. |
| 3459 | 11369878 | In contrast, IL-6(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice showed significantly enhanced virus loads in spleen cells. |
| 3460 | 11369878 | In contrast, IL-6(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice showed significantly enhanced virus loads in spleen cells. |
| 3461 | 11369878 | However, this impaired control of acute FV replication did not alter the long-term control over persistent FV in IL-6(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice. |
| 3462 | 11369878 | However, this impaired control of acute FV replication did not alter the long-term control over persistent FV in IL-6(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice. |
| 3463 | 11369878 | However, this impaired control of acute FV replication did not alter the long-term control over persistent FV in IL-6(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice. |
| 3464 | 11369878 | However, this impaired control of acute FV replication did not alter the long-term control over persistent FV in IL-6(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice. |
| 3465 | 11369878 | However, this impaired control of acute FV replication did not alter the long-term control over persistent FV in IL-6(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice. |
| 3466 | 11369878 | However, this impaired control of acute FV replication did not alter the long-term control over persistent FV in IL-6(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice. |
| 3467 | 11369878 | Immunization with a live attenuated vaccine virus prior to challenge protected all three types of cytokine-deficient mice from high levels of spleen virus, despite the finding that the vaccinated IL-5- and IL-6-deficient mice had significantly reduced titres of virus-neutralizing IgG class antibodies. |
| 3468 | 11369878 | Immunization with a live attenuated vaccine virus prior to challenge protected all three types of cytokine-deficient mice from high levels of spleen virus, despite the finding that the vaccinated IL-5- and IL-6-deficient mice had significantly reduced titres of virus-neutralizing IgG class antibodies. |
| 3469 | 11369878 | Immunization with a live attenuated vaccine virus prior to challenge protected all three types of cytokine-deficient mice from high levels of spleen virus, despite the finding that the vaccinated IL-5- and IL-6-deficient mice had significantly reduced titres of virus-neutralizing IgG class antibodies. |
| 3470 | 11369878 | Immunization with a live attenuated vaccine virus prior to challenge protected all three types of cytokine-deficient mice from high levels of spleen virus, despite the finding that the vaccinated IL-5- and IL-6-deficient mice had significantly reduced titres of virus-neutralizing IgG class antibodies. |
| 3471 | 11369878 | Immunization with a live attenuated vaccine virus prior to challenge protected all three types of cytokine-deficient mice from high levels of spleen virus, despite the finding that the vaccinated IL-5- and IL-6-deficient mice had significantly reduced titres of virus-neutralizing IgG class antibodies. |
| 3472 | 11369878 | Immunization with a live attenuated vaccine virus prior to challenge protected all three types of cytokine-deficient mice from high levels of spleen virus, despite the finding that the vaccinated IL-5- and IL-6-deficient mice had significantly reduced titres of virus-neutralizing IgG class antibodies. |
| 3473 | 11369878 | The results indicate that IL-6 and IL-10 contribute to primary immune responses against FV, but are dispensable during persistent infection and vaccine-primed secondary responses. |
| 3474 | 11369878 | The results indicate that IL-6 and IL-10 contribute to primary immune responses against FV, but are dispensable during persistent infection and vaccine-primed secondary responses. |
| 3475 | 11369878 | The results indicate that IL-6 and IL-10 contribute to primary immune responses against FV, but are dispensable during persistent infection and vaccine-primed secondary responses. |
| 3476 | 11369878 | The results indicate that IL-6 and IL-10 contribute to primary immune responses against FV, but are dispensable during persistent infection and vaccine-primed secondary responses. |
| 3477 | 11369878 | The results indicate that IL-6 and IL-10 contribute to primary immune responses against FV, but are dispensable during persistent infection and vaccine-primed secondary responses. |
| 3478 | 11369878 | The results indicate that IL-6 and IL-10 contribute to primary immune responses against FV, but are dispensable during persistent infection and vaccine-primed secondary responses. |
| 3479 | 11369873 | Humoral and CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell responses to the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3 (NS3) protein: NS3 primes Th1-like responses more effectively as a DNA-based immunogen than as a recombinant protein. |
| 3480 | 11369873 | The non-structural 3 (NS3) protein is one of the most conserved proteins of hepatitis C virus, and T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses to NS3 in humans correlate with clearance of infection. |
| 3481 | 11369873 | Inbred mice were immunized twice in regenerating tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with either plasmid DNA or recombinant NS3 (rNS3). |
| 3482 | 11369873 | NS3-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in DNA-immunized mice peaked at day 13, as measured by proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 3483 | 11369873 | CD4(+) T cell responses in these mice showed peaks of IL-2 response at day 3 and IL-6 and IFN-gamma responses at day 6. |
| 3484 | 11369873 | However, as a DNA immunogen, NS3 elicits stronger Th1-like immune responses, whereas rNS3 primes a mixed Th1/Th2-like response regardless of the route, dose or adjuvant. |
| 3485 | 11325600 | Influenza A virus infection results in the production of chemotactic (RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, MCP-1, MCP-3, and IP-10), pro-inflammatory (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-alpha), and antiviral (IFN-alpha/beta) cytokines. |
| 3486 | 11325600 | Cytokine gene expression is associated with the activation of NF-kappa B, AP-1, STAT and IRF signal transducing molecules in influenza A virus-infected cells. |
| 3487 | 11325600 | IFN-alpha/beta also prolongs T cell survival, upregulates IL-12 and IL-18 receptor gene expression and together with IL-18 stimulates NK and T cell IFN-gamma production and the development of Th1-type immune response. |
| 3488 | 11322647 | We found that in a healthy elderly group, only 52% of whom responded to the influenza vaccine, endogenous levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10 and gamma interferon (IFNgamma) did not differ statistically significantly between responders and non-responders (responders: n = 27, IL-6 = 293 +/- 101 pg/ml, IL-10 = 882 +/- 240 pg/ml; nonresponders: n = 26, IL-6 = 223 +/- 71 pg/ml, P = 0.57, IL-10 = 445 +/- 148 pg/ml, mean +/- SE, P = 0.14, respectively, and undetectable IFNgamma). |
| 3489 | 11322647 | We found that in a healthy elderly group, only 52% of whom responded to the influenza vaccine, endogenous levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10 and gamma interferon (IFNgamma) did not differ statistically significantly between responders and non-responders (responders: n = 27, IL-6 = 293 +/- 101 pg/ml, IL-10 = 882 +/- 240 pg/ml; nonresponders: n = 26, IL-6 = 223 +/- 71 pg/ml, P = 0.57, IL-10 = 445 +/- 148 pg/ml, mean +/- SE, P = 0.14, respectively, and undetectable IFNgamma). |
| 3490 | 11322647 | We found that in a healthy elderly group, only 52% of whom responded to the influenza vaccine, endogenous levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10 and gamma interferon (IFNgamma) did not differ statistically significantly between responders and non-responders (responders: n = 27, IL-6 = 293 +/- 101 pg/ml, IL-10 = 882 +/- 240 pg/ml; nonresponders: n = 26, IL-6 = 223 +/- 71 pg/ml, P = 0.57, IL-10 = 445 +/- 148 pg/ml, mean +/- SE, P = 0.14, respectively, and undetectable IFNgamma). |
| 3491 | 11322647 | Serum levels of these three cytokines were not changed significantly four weeks after vaccination (P < 0.05 for IL-6 and P < 0.01 for IL-10). |
| 3492 | 11322647 | Serum levels of these three cytokines were not changed significantly four weeks after vaccination (P < 0.05 for IL-6 and P < 0.01 for IL-10). |
| 3493 | 11322647 | Serum levels of these three cytokines were not changed significantly four weeks after vaccination (P < 0.05 for IL-6 and P < 0.01 for IL-10). |
| 3494 | 11322647 | In addition, there were also no age-dependent differences in serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels. |
| 3495 | 11322647 | In addition, there were also no age-dependent differences in serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels. |
| 3496 | 11322647 | In addition, there were also no age-dependent differences in serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels. |
| 3497 | 11313370 | DCs that had incorporated HPV16 VLPs produced proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha; however, the release of these cytokines was delayed relative to LPS activation. |
| 3498 | 11292752 | Nasal and IPP immunization groups had increased cytokine expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-5 and differed from each other for IL-6. |
| 3499 | 11217546 | This phase corresponds to early release of so-called inflammatory cytokines (IL1, IL6, IL8). |
| 3500 | 11217546 | The second phase consists of recognition of bacterial antigens by helper CD4 lymphocytes, which mainly release IL2 and IFNg (Th1 response). |
| 3501 | 11196691 | Cytokines such as IL-2, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 have been used to enhance CTL activity while IL-5, IL-6 and the chemokine MIP-1 alpha have shown the capacity to increase IgA responses to vaccines. |
| 3502 | 11182501 | Results show that pigs respond to CpG ODN by proliferating and secreting IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha. |
| 3503 | 11182147 | Here we describe the interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inducing properties of a commonly used eukaryotic expression vector, pcDNA3, in porcine leukocytes. |
| 3504 | 11182147 | Here we describe the interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inducing properties of a commonly used eukaryotic expression vector, pcDNA3, in porcine leukocytes. |
| 3505 | 11182147 | The plasmid, as well as poly(I):poly(C), required lipofectin to induce IFN-alpha production whereas both preparations induced IL-6 irrespective of preincubation with lipofectin. |
| 3506 | 11182147 | The plasmid, as well as poly(I):poly(C), required lipofectin to induce IFN-alpha production whereas both preparations induced IL-6 irrespective of preincubation with lipofectin. |
| 3507 | 11179309 | Infection resulted in reduced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) (P < 0.01), interleukin-12 (IL-12) (P < 0.05), IL-6 (P < 0.05), and IL-10 (P < 0.05), compared to infection with M. smegmatis vector (M. smegV). |
| 3508 | 11179309 | When MDM were infected with M. smegmatis expressing mutated forms of the 19-kDa lipoprotein, including non-O-glycosylated (M. smeg19NOG), nonsecreted (M. smeg19NS), and nonacylated (M. smeg19NA) variants, the reduced production of TNF-alpha or IL-12 was not observed. |
| 3509 | 11179309 | These results suggest that the diminished protection against challenge with M. tuberculosis seen in mice vaccinated with M. smegmatis expressing the 19-kDa lipoprotein is the result of reduced TNF-alpha and IL-12 production, possibly leading to reduced induction of T-cell activation. |
| 3510 | 11178547 | Endotoxins from gram negative bacteria are known to be potent inducers for the synthesis and the release of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). |
| 3511 | 11178547 | Endotoxins from gram negative bacteria are known to be potent inducers for the synthesis and the release of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). |
| 3512 | 11178547 | Endotoxins from gram negative bacteria are known to be potent inducers for the synthesis and the release of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). |
| 3513 | 11178547 | In connection with regular testing of vaccine lots we determine the release and the kinetic of TNF and IL-6 in piglets after immunisation with different vaccines containing endotoxin. |
| 3514 | 11178547 | In connection with regular testing of vaccine lots we determine the release and the kinetic of TNF and IL-6 in piglets after immunisation with different vaccines containing endotoxin. |
| 3515 | 11178547 | In connection with regular testing of vaccine lots we determine the release and the kinetic of TNF and IL-6 in piglets after immunisation with different vaccines containing endotoxin. |
| 3516 | 11178547 | TNF peaked in plasma after one hour, IL-6 peaked between two and four hours p.appl. |
| 3517 | 11178547 | TNF peaked in plasma after one hour, IL-6 peaked between two and four hours p.appl. |
| 3518 | 11178547 | TNF peaked in plasma after one hour, IL-6 peaked between two and four hours p.appl. |
| 3519 | 11166900 | The effect of aluminum-containing adjuvants on the systemic response of Sprague-Dawley rats to a 15 microg/kg subcutaneous dose of endotoxin was determined by measuring the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). |
| 3520 | 11166900 | The effect of aluminum-containing adjuvants on the systemic response of Sprague-Dawley rats to a 15 microg/kg subcutaneous dose of endotoxin was determined by measuring the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). |
| 3521 | 11166900 | The effect of aluminum-containing adjuvants on the systemic response of Sprague-Dawley rats to a 15 microg/kg subcutaneous dose of endotoxin was determined by measuring the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). |
| 3522 | 11166900 | TNF-alpha and IL-6 were observed in the group which received an endotoxin solution or endotoxin and aluminum phosphate adjuvant. |
| 3523 | 11166900 | TNF-alpha and IL-6 were observed in the group which received an endotoxin solution or endotoxin and aluminum phosphate adjuvant. |
| 3524 | 11166900 | TNF-alpha and IL-6 were observed in the group which received an endotoxin solution or endotoxin and aluminum phosphate adjuvant. |
| 3525 | 11166900 | No TNF-alpha or IL-6 was detected in the group that received endotoxin and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. |
| 3526 | 11166900 | No TNF-alpha or IL-6 was detected in the group that received endotoxin and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. |
| 3527 | 11166900 | No TNF-alpha or IL-6 was detected in the group that received endotoxin and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. |
| 3528 | 11163460 | Influenza A virus-infected respiratory epithelial cells produce limited amounts of chemokines (RANTES, MCP-1, IL-8) and IFN-alpha/beta, whereas monocytes/macrophages readily produce chemokines such as RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MCP-1, MCP-3, IP-10 and cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-18 and IFN-alpha/beta. |
| 3529 | 11160295 | One cluster ("D") preferentially stimulates IFN-gamma production by NK cells, whereas the other ("K") stimulates cell proliferation and the production of IL-6 and IgM by monocytes and B cells. |
| 3530 | 11160283 | Th cell responses showed higher IFN-gamma (Th1-type) and lower IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 (Th2-type) secretion after the high QS-21 p.o. dose than after low doses. |
| 3531 | 11145848 | We have studied the ability of this OMV vaccine preparation to induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) in a human whole blood model. |
| 3532 | 11145848 | We have studied the ability of this OMV vaccine preparation to induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) in a human whole blood model. |
| 3533 | 11145848 | Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were massively increased; mean peak levels of TNF-alpha 44 696+/-7764, IL-1beta 38 043+/-5411, IL-6 10 057+/-1619 and IL-8 30 449+/-5397 pg/ml were obtained with an OMV-LPS concentration of 1 microg/ml; corresponding levels in control plasmas were below the detection limit of the assay. |
| 3534 | 11145848 | Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were massively increased; mean peak levels of TNF-alpha 44 696+/-7764, IL-1beta 38 043+/-5411, IL-6 10 057+/-1619 and IL-8 30 449+/-5397 pg/ml were obtained with an OMV-LPS concentration of 1 microg/ml; corresponding levels in control plasmas were below the detection limit of the assay. |
| 3535 | 11145848 | OMV-LPS did not induce release of IL-4 and IL-13 in doses from 0.001-10 microg/ml. |
| 3536 | 11145848 | OMV-LPS did not induce release of IL-4 and IL-13 in doses from 0.001-10 microg/ml. |
| 3537 | 11128522 | Culture supernatants of splenocytes from immune DBA/2 mice, which were stimulated with crude C. ruminantium antigens or recombinant major antigenic proteins 1 or 2, contained significant levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-6, but insignificant levels of IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), and nitric oxide. |
| 3538 | 11122234 | Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1alpha and IL-6 production by human monocytes in response to a clinical strain of the Gram-negative encapsulated bacteria Neisseria meningitidis and an isogenic lpxA- strain deficient in LPS was investigated. |
| 3539 | 11106943 | In this study, we have examined the in vivo effects of interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-6 over-expression on systemic and mucosal immune responses using recombinant human type 5 adenoviruses capable of expressing these cytokines upon infection. |
| 3540 | 11106943 | In this study, we have examined the in vivo effects of interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-6 over-expression on systemic and mucosal immune responses using recombinant human type 5 adenoviruses capable of expressing these cytokines upon infection. |
| 3541 | 11106943 | These results demonstrate a relevant role for IL-5 and IL-6 in the development of mucosal immune responses in vivo and suggest that the incorporation of either IL-5 and/or IL-6 into recombinant adenovirus vectors may be a useful tool in the development of mucosal vaccines. |
| 3542 | 11106943 | These results demonstrate a relevant role for IL-5 and IL-6 in the development of mucosal immune responses in vivo and suggest that the incorporation of either IL-5 and/or IL-6 into recombinant adenovirus vectors may be a useful tool in the development of mucosal vaccines. |
| 3543 | 11083779 | To understand the mechanism(s) of IL-10 action during early infection, when innate immunity expressed chiefly by skin macrophages is key, we investigated the effect of exogenous and endogenous IL-10 on the production of the macrophage-derived cytokines IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 3544 | 11083779 | To understand the mechanism(s) of IL-10 action during early infection, when innate immunity expressed chiefly by skin macrophages is key, we investigated the effect of exogenous and endogenous IL-10 on the production of the macrophage-derived cytokines IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 3545 | 11083779 | To understand the mechanism(s) of IL-10 action during early infection, when innate immunity expressed chiefly by skin macrophages is key, we investigated the effect of exogenous and endogenous IL-10 on the production of the macrophage-derived cytokines IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 3546 | 11083779 | The inhibition of endogenous IL-10 function by anti-IL-10 antibody reduced the production of IL-12 and IL-6 but not that of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. |
| 3547 | 11083779 | The inhibition of endogenous IL-10 function by anti-IL-10 antibody reduced the production of IL-12 and IL-6 but not that of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. |
| 3548 | 11083779 | The inhibition of endogenous IL-10 function by anti-IL-10 antibody reduced the production of IL-12 and IL-6 but not that of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. |
| 3549 | 11083779 | TNF-alpha was produced prior to, and IL-beta was produced at the same time as, IL-10, whereas IL-6 and IL-12 were produced later. |
| 3550 | 11083779 | TNF-alpha was produced prior to, and IL-beta was produced at the same time as, IL-10, whereas IL-6 and IL-12 were produced later. |
| 3551 | 11083779 | TNF-alpha was produced prior to, and IL-beta was produced at the same time as, IL-10, whereas IL-6 and IL-12 were produced later. |
| 3552 | 11075550 | Expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but not of IL-10, was detected in INMD-stimulated alveolar macrophages. |
| 3553 | 11075550 | Expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but not of IL-10, was detected in INMD-stimulated alveolar macrophages. |
| 3554 | 11075550 | Stimulated PBMC expressed IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 and secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 3555 | 11075550 | Stimulated PBMC expressed IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 and secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 3556 | 11042280 | We generated monocyte-derived DC from leukapheresis products by using GM-CSF and IL-4 and showed that amongst several known maturation stimuli the cocktail consisting of TNF-alpha+IL-1 beta+IL-6+PGE(2) achieved the highest survival of mature DC. |
| 3557 | 11042280 | The addition of CD40L or TRANCE/RANKL further improved DC survival. |
| 3558 | 11035735 | CD4+ alpha beta T cells and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) are centrally implicated in the primary immunoprotective response. |
| 3559 | 11035735 | CD4+ alpha beta T cells and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) are centrally implicated in the primary immunoprotective response. |
| 3560 | 11035735 | We find that a full-strength primary response depends on beta(2)-microglobulin (class I major histocompatibility complex [MHC] and class II MHC and on IFN-gamma and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but not on TAP1, perforin, IL-4, Fas ligand, or inducible nitric oxide synthetase. |
| 3561 | 11035735 | We find that a full-strength primary response depends on beta(2)-microglobulin (class I major histocompatibility complex [MHC] and class II MHC and on IFN-gamma and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but not on TAP1, perforin, IL-4, Fas ligand, or inducible nitric oxide synthetase. |
| 3562 | 11035735 | Indeed, MHC class II-deficient and IFN-gamma-deficient mice are as susceptible to primary infection as mice deficient in all alpha beta T cells. |
| 3563 | 11035735 | Indeed, MHC class II-deficient and IFN-gamma-deficient mice are as susceptible to primary infection as mice deficient in all alpha beta T cells. |
| 3564 | 11035735 | Strikingly, the requirements for a highly effective alpha beta-T-cell-driven memory response are less stringent, requiring neither IFN-gamma nor IL-6 nor class I MHC. |
| 3565 | 11035735 | Strikingly, the requirements for a highly effective alpha beta-T-cell-driven memory response are less stringent, requiring neither IFN-gamma nor IL-6 nor class I MHC. |
| 3566 | 11029527 | The growth rates of both vaccines in murine macrophages were the same, however, Onco-BCG induced stronger and longer-lasting secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and nitric oxide. |
| 3567 | 11029527 | Onco-vaccine was also more potent in inducing NF-kappaB p65/p50 DNA-binding activity whilst in ID-BCG-infected cells the activity was transient and then gradually replaced by the transcriptionally inactive homodimer p50/p50. |
| 3568 | 11027823 | Production of IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-gamma, and the transient presence of red blood cells and neutrophils in the efferent lymph were associated with changes in efferent lymph cell trafficking. |
| 3569 | 11012616 | It has been detected in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial membrane and found to stimulate the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vitro. |
| 3570 | 11012616 | We therefore investigated the in vitro IL-17 response to a variety of mitogens and antigens, and compared the IL-17 response to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha. |
| 3571 | 11012616 | The antigens TT and PPD significantly increased IL-17 mRNA expression over time, but failed to have such an effect at the protein level. |
| 3572 | 11012616 | IL-17 production did not correlate with either the type-1 cytokine IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha or the type-2 cytokine IL-4 or IL-10 at either the mRNA or protein level. |
| 3573 | 10996632 | Preclinical studies in a mouse model demonstrated that the IL-6/sIL-6R based vaccine is able to elicit efficient anti-tumour responses, mediated by CD8+ and NK cells, which resulted in inhibition of the tumour growth, metastases formation and prolonged survival of the animals treated. |
| 3574 | 10959433 | Several cytokines, including interleukin- (IL-) 1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) alpha and interferon- (IFN-) gamma are known to be important to elicit the acute phase response and allow the accumulation of leukocytes at the site of infection. |
| 3575 | 10958921 | FLU-induced proliferation and IFN-gamma levels of elderly were lower than young before and after immunization. |
| 3576 | 10958921 | FLU-induced IL-6 and IL-10 levels did not change after immunization of either group. |
| 3577 | 10956396 | IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-2, and IL-6 production by stimulated PBMCs was compared to unstimulated controls and the phenotype of expanded cells analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS analysis). |
| 3578 | 10956396 | Live BCG and most of its subcomponents (with the exception of cytosol, PstS-2 and -3) significantly enhanced IFN-gamma and IL-12 secretion, expanded CD3(-)CD56(+) cells and the non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity against bladder tumor cells compared to unstimulated controls (all P < 0.001, t-test). |
| 3579 | 10858197 | Antigen-specific production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was determined at each sample point, in parallel with polyclonal (phytohemagglutinin PHA-induced) cytokine responses. |
| 3580 | 10857759 | After vaccination of breast cancer patients with a combination of tumour-associated antigens and biological adjuvants (IL-2 and GM-CSF), the concentration of IL-6 decreased significantly (P<0.05) to 8.1 +/- 14.6 pg/ml (n=85). |
| 3581 | 10857759 | After vaccination of breast cancer patients with a combination of tumour-associated antigens and biological adjuvants (IL-2 and GM-CSF), the concentration of IL-6 decreased significantly (P<0.05) to 8.1 +/- 14.6 pg/ml (n=85). |
| 3582 | 10857759 | After vaccination of breast cancer patients with a combination of tumour-associated antigens and biological adjuvants (IL-2 and GM-CSF), the concentration of IL-6 decreased significantly (P<0.05) to 8.1 +/- 14.6 pg/ml (n=85). |
| 3583 | 10857759 | After vaccination of breast cancer patients with a combination of tumour-associated antigens and biological adjuvants (IL-2 and GM-CSF), the concentration of IL-6 decreased significantly (P<0.05) to 8.1 +/- 14.6 pg/ml (n=85). |
| 3584 | 10857759 | Other studies have shown that oestrogen suppresses IL-6 production in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. |
| 3585 | 10857759 | Other studies have shown that oestrogen suppresses IL-6 production in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. |
| 3586 | 10857759 | Other studies have shown that oestrogen suppresses IL-6 production in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. |
| 3587 | 10857759 | Other studies have shown that oestrogen suppresses IL-6 production in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. |
| 3588 | 10857759 | We have demonstrated that the decrease in IL-6 associated with vaccination is related to the oestrogen receptor status of the tumours from breast cancer patients, as a decrease in IL-6 from 124.0 +/- 267.5 pg/ml (n=26) to 6.2 +/- 11.0 pg/ml (n=34) only occurs in patients with oestrogen receptor negative tumours. |
| 3589 | 10857759 | We have demonstrated that the decrease in IL-6 associated with vaccination is related to the oestrogen receptor status of the tumours from breast cancer patients, as a decrease in IL-6 from 124.0 +/- 267.5 pg/ml (n=26) to 6.2 +/- 11.0 pg/ml (n=34) only occurs in patients with oestrogen receptor negative tumours. |
| 3590 | 10857759 | We have demonstrated that the decrease in IL-6 associated with vaccination is related to the oestrogen receptor status of the tumours from breast cancer patients, as a decrease in IL-6 from 124.0 +/- 267.5 pg/ml (n=26) to 6.2 +/- 11.0 pg/ml (n=34) only occurs in patients with oestrogen receptor negative tumours. |
| 3591 | 10857759 | We have demonstrated that the decrease in IL-6 associated with vaccination is related to the oestrogen receptor status of the tumours from breast cancer patients, as a decrease in IL-6 from 124.0 +/- 267.5 pg/ml (n=26) to 6.2 +/- 11.0 pg/ml (n=34) only occurs in patients with oestrogen receptor negative tumours. |
| 3592 | 10857759 | The IL-6 concentration in breast cancer patients with oestrogen receptor positive tumours remained unchanged (9.5 pg/ml before vaccination, and 9.3 pg/ml after vaccination). |
| 3593 | 10857759 | The IL-6 concentration in breast cancer patients with oestrogen receptor positive tumours remained unchanged (9.5 pg/ml before vaccination, and 9.3 pg/ml after vaccination). |
| 3594 | 10857759 | The IL-6 concentration in breast cancer patients with oestrogen receptor positive tumours remained unchanged (9.5 pg/ml before vaccination, and 9.3 pg/ml after vaccination). |
| 3595 | 10857759 | The IL-6 concentration in breast cancer patients with oestrogen receptor positive tumours remained unchanged (9.5 pg/ml before vaccination, and 9.3 pg/ml after vaccination). |
| 3596 | 10816614 | Il-1, EGF, and HGF suppress the antiviral activity of interferon in primary monkey hepatic parenchymal cells. |
| 3597 | 10816614 | Il-1, EGF, and HGF suppress the antiviral activity of interferon in primary monkey hepatic parenchymal cells. |
| 3598 | 10816614 | Il-1, EGF, and HGF suppress the antiviral activity of interferon in primary monkey hepatic parenchymal cells. |
| 3599 | 10816614 | Interleukin-1 alpha, EGF, and HGF showed suppressive effects on the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha, -beta in primary monkey hepatic cells when examined by the yield reduction method using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). |
| 3600 | 10816614 | Interleukin-1 alpha, EGF, and HGF showed suppressive effects on the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha, -beta in primary monkey hepatic cells when examined by the yield reduction method using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). |
| 3601 | 10816614 | Interleukin-1 alpha, EGF, and HGF showed suppressive effects on the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha, -beta in primary monkey hepatic cells when examined by the yield reduction method using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). |
| 3602 | 10816614 | In contrast, 50 ng/ml of TNF and IL-6 had no suppressive effect on the IFN-induced antiviral state in the hepatic cells. |
| 3603 | 10816614 | In contrast, 50 ng/ml of TNF and IL-6 had no suppressive effect on the IFN-induced antiviral state in the hepatic cells. |
| 3604 | 10816614 | In contrast, 50 ng/ml of TNF and IL-6 had no suppressive effect on the IFN-induced antiviral state in the hepatic cells. |
| 3605 | 10760827 | We have shown that the sequential use of early-acting hematopoietic growth factors, stem cell factor, IL-3 and IL-6, followed by differentiation with IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor allows the in vitro generation of large numbers of immature DCs from CD34(+) peripheral blood progenitor cells. |
| 3606 | 10760827 | Fourteen HLA-A1(+) or HLA-A2(+) patients received at least 4 i.v. infusions of 5 x 10(6) to 5 x 10(7) DCs pulsed with a pool of peptides including either MAGE-1, MAGE-3 (HLA-A1) or Melan-A, gp100, tyrosinase (HLA-A2), depending on the HLA haplotype. |
| 3607 | 10741861 | Serum antigen-specific antibody (Ab) responses were enhanced when either IL-6 or IL-12 was mucosally administered with a protein antigen, while only IL-12 induced antigen-specific mucosal IgA Ab responses. |
| 3608 | 10741861 | Serum antigen-specific antibody (Ab) responses were enhanced when either IL-6 or IL-12 was mucosally administered with a protein antigen, while only IL-12 induced antigen-specific mucosal IgA Ab responses. |
| 3609 | 10741861 | Mucosal IL-6 and IL-12 also affected the type of Th cell responses induced by CD4+ T cells from mice that received IL-12 secreted larger amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-6 when compared with mice nasally treated with IL-6. |
| 3610 | 10741861 | Mucosal IL-6 and IL-12 also affected the type of Th cell responses induced by CD4+ T cells from mice that received IL-12 secreted larger amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-6 when compared with mice nasally treated with IL-6. |
| 3611 | 10741861 | Mixed antigen-specific Th1 -and Th2-type CD4+ T cell responses were induced in the systemic compartment by both lymphotactin and the mixture of HNP-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3 defensins. |
| 3612 | 10741861 | Mixed antigen-specific Th1 -and Th2-type CD4+ T cell responses were induced in the systemic compartment by both lymphotactin and the mixture of HNP-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3 defensins. |
| 3613 | 10741861 | In summary, these studies clearly show that IL-12 and lymphotactin are able to trigger S-IgA Ab responses and provide new avenues for the design of safe and targeted mucosal vaccines. |
| 3614 | 10741861 | In summary, these studies clearly show that IL-12 and lymphotactin are able to trigger S-IgA Ab responses and provide new avenues for the design of safe and targeted mucosal vaccines. |
| 3615 | 10741391 | However, CD4+ T lymphocytes from mice immunized with the constitutive promoter secreted IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma (Th1/Th2 pattern), whereas CD4+ cells mainly secreted IFN-gamma (Th1 pattern) when the second construct was used. |
| 3616 | 10738585 | If the DNA contains these immune stimulatory 'CpG-S motifs', the cells become activated within minutes and begin producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-12 and upregulate expression of co-stimulatory molecules. |
| 3617 | 10722593 | Despite this strong protective response, LPS purified from F. tularensis LVS did not activate murine B cells for proliferation or polyclonal immunoglobulin secretion, nor did it activate murine splenocytes for secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-12, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). |
| 3618 | 10704349 | Both CTL populations from either uninfected or persistently infected mice produced significant and similar amounts of interferon-gamma and IL-6. |
| 3619 | 10699574 | The induced anti-IL-1alpha aAb inhibited binding of IL-1alpha to the murine T-cell line NOB-1 by simple competition and neutralised IL-1alpha, but not IL-1beta-induced IL-6 in vivo. |
| 3620 | 10678951 | Conversely, during infection local production of IL-6 and IL-1ra was significantly greater in mice immunized with Pa than in those immunized with Pw. |
| 3621 | 10678951 | Conversely, during infection local production of IL-6 and IL-1ra was significantly greater in mice immunized with Pa than in those immunized with Pw. |
| 3622 | 10678951 | Furthermore, the levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-1ra in Pa-immunized IL-4(-/-) mice were comparable to those in mice immunized with Pw. |
| 3623 | 10678951 | Furthermore, the levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-1ra in Pa-immunized IL-4(-/-) mice were comparable to those in mice immunized with Pw. |
| 3624 | 10687141 | Although a comparable percentage of DCs expressing CD86+ (B7-2), CD40+, and HLA-DR+ were detected in both cultures, higher expression levels were detected in DCs derived from bulk culture (CD86 = MRLFI 3665.1 versus 2662.1 on day 6; CD40 = MRLFI 1786 versus 681.2 on day 6; HLA-DR = MRLFI 6018.2 versus 3444.9 on day 2). |
| 3625 | 10687141 | Cytokines involved in DC maturation were determined by polymerase chain reaction demonstrating interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, interferon-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression by bulk culture cells during the entire 9-day culture period. |
| 3626 | 10687141 | Concurrently, CD3+ CD56-, CD3+ CD25+, and CD3+ TCR+ cell populations increased and cytotoxicity against autologous renal cell carcinoma tumor target was induced. |
| 3627 | 10654365 | Our current understanding suggests that interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 are the major contributors to the cytokine response. |
| 3628 | 10654365 | Our current understanding suggests that interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 are the major contributors to the cytokine response. |
| 3629 | 10654365 | Both IL-6 and IL-8 are produced locally and systemically as part of the initiation of an inflammatory reaction. |
| 3630 | 10654365 | Both IL-6 and IL-8 are produced locally and systemically as part of the initiation of an inflammatory reaction. |
| 3631 | 10651044 | It was found that the biological activity of these LPSs was comparable to those of E. coli LPS in terms of activation of the clotting enzyme of Limulus amoebocyte lysate, mitogenic activity of mouse spleen cells, stimulation of TNF-alpha and nitric oxide production, but IL-6 production could hardly be observed in any LPS. |
| 3632 | 10623755 | MVA elicited a Th1 type of immune response, and the main proinflammatory cytokines induced were interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. |
| 3633 | 10618531 | In infected mice, strong IL-2, weak IL-4, strong IL-6 and strong IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were induced during early days of infection; especially, IFN-gamma mRNA was expressed by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells around 7 days after infection. |
| 3634 | 10618531 | In infected mice, strong IL-2, weak IL-4, strong IL-6 and strong IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were induced during early days of infection; especially, IFN-gamma mRNA was expressed by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells around 7 days after infection. |
| 3635 | 10618531 | In mice given CTB*-combined vaccine, weak IL-2, strong IL-4, strong IL-6 and weak IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were induced during early days of vaccination; especially, IL-4 mRNA was expressed by CD4(+) T cells. |
| 3636 | 10618531 | In mice given CTB*-combined vaccine, weak IL-2, strong IL-4, strong IL-6 and weak IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were induced during early days of vaccination; especially, IL-4 mRNA was expressed by CD4(+) T cells. |
| 3637 | 10614503 | With respect to IgA antibody production in the gut whereas IL-4 and TGF-beta have been implicated in isotype switching of precursor cells to IgA commitment, their subsequent localisation, proliferation and effector activity expression is dependent on IL-5 and IL-6 expression locally. |
| 3638 | 10614503 | With respect to IgA antibody production in the gut whereas IL-4 and TGF-beta have been implicated in isotype switching of precursor cells to IgA commitment, their subsequent localisation, proliferation and effector activity expression is dependent on IL-5 and IL-6 expression locally. |
| 3639 | 10614503 | Whereas IgA+ cells of the B2 lineage are IL-6 dependent but IL-5 independent, B1-derived IgA+ cells are IL-5 dependent and IL-6 independent. |
| 3640 | 10614503 | Whereas IgA+ cells of the B2 lineage are IL-6 dependent but IL-5 independent, B1-derived IgA+ cells are IL-5 dependent and IL-6 independent. |
| 3641 | 10602014 | We investigated the composition of proteasomes of DC derived from human peripheral blood monocytes before and after stimulation by CD40L, LPS, or proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha + IL-6 + IL-1beta). |
| 3642 | 10602014 | Immunoprecipitation of proteasomes and analysis on two-dimensional gels revealed that during maturation the inducible proteasome subunits LMP2, LMP7, and MECL-1 are up-regulated and that the neosynthesis of proteasomes is switched exclusively to the production of immunoproteasomes containing these subunits. |
| 3643 | 10577810 | Cytokine analysis showed that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukins IL-6 and IL-10 were predominantly produced from CD4+ T cells. |
| 3644 | 10555997 | Previously, we demonstrated that a novel low-molecular-weight synthetic immune response modifier, R-848, induces IL-12 and IFN-alpha secretion from monocytes and macrophages. |
| 3645 | 10555997 | Characteristic of dendritic cell maturation, R-848 treatment induces cell surface expression of CD83 and increases cell surface expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, and HLA-DR. |
| 3646 | 10555997 | Additionally, R-848 induces cytokine (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha) and chemokine (IL-8, MIP-1alpha, MCP-1) secretion from dendritic cells. |
| 3647 | 10542221 | Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide inhibit interleukin-12 transcription by regulating nuclear factor kappaB and Ets activation. |
| 3648 | 10542221 | The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the structurally related neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) act as "macrophage-deactivating factors". |
| 3649 | 10542221 | We showed previously that VIP and PACAP inhibit the production of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, nitric oxide, and IL-12. |
| 3650 | 10542221 | This study examines the molecular mechanisms involved in the VIP/PACAP inhibition of IL-12 production. |
| 3651 | 10542221 | VIP and PACAP inhibit IL-12 (p40) gene expression by affecting both NF-kappaB binding and the composition of the Ets-2 binding complex. |
| 3652 | 10542221 | Both neuropeptides prevent the activation-induced nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB components p65 and c-Rel by inhibiting the reduction in cytoplasmic IkappaBalpha. |
| 3653 | 10531224 | Interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 participate in induction of a type 1 protective T-cell response during vaccination with a tuberculosis subunit vaccine. |
| 3654 | 10531224 | Interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 participate in induction of a type 1 protective T-cell response during vaccination with a tuberculosis subunit vaccine. |
| 3655 | 10531224 | Interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 participate in induction of a type 1 protective T-cell response during vaccination with a tuberculosis subunit vaccine. |
| 3656 | 10531224 | Interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 participate in induction of a type 1 protective T-cell response during vaccination with a tuberculosis subunit vaccine. |
| 3657 | 10531224 | Interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 participate in induction of a type 1 protective T-cell response during vaccination with a tuberculosis subunit vaccine. |
| 3658 | 10531224 | Interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 participate in induction of a type 1 protective T-cell response during vaccination with a tuberculosis subunit vaccine. |
| 3659 | 10531224 | Depletion of either interleukin-6 (IL-6) or IL-12 with specific neutralizing antibodies during vaccination reduced the priming of T cells for antigen-specific proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 3660 | 10531224 | Depletion of either interleukin-6 (IL-6) or IL-12 with specific neutralizing antibodies during vaccination reduced the priming of T cells for antigen-specific proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 3661 | 10531224 | Depletion of either interleukin-6 (IL-6) or IL-12 with specific neutralizing antibodies during vaccination reduced the priming of T cells for antigen-specific proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 3662 | 10531224 | Depletion of either interleukin-6 (IL-6) or IL-12 with specific neutralizing antibodies during vaccination reduced the priming of T cells for antigen-specific proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 3663 | 10531224 | Depletion of either interleukin-6 (IL-6) or IL-12 with specific neutralizing antibodies during vaccination reduced the priming of T cells for antigen-specific proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 3664 | 10531224 | Depletion of either interleukin-6 (IL-6) or IL-12 with specific neutralizing antibodies during vaccination reduced the priming of T cells for antigen-specific proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 3665 | 10531224 | The defect found after IL-6 depletion or in IL-6-knockout mice was compensated by the inclusion of recombinant mouse IL-12 in the vaccine. |
| 3666 | 10531224 | The defect found after IL-6 depletion or in IL-6-knockout mice was compensated by the inclusion of recombinant mouse IL-12 in the vaccine. |
| 3667 | 10531224 | The defect found after IL-6 depletion or in IL-6-knockout mice was compensated by the inclusion of recombinant mouse IL-12 in the vaccine. |
| 3668 | 10531224 | The defect found after IL-6 depletion or in IL-6-knockout mice was compensated by the inclusion of recombinant mouse IL-12 in the vaccine. |
| 3669 | 10531224 | The defect found after IL-6 depletion or in IL-6-knockout mice was compensated by the inclusion of recombinant mouse IL-12 in the vaccine. |
| 3670 | 10531224 | The defect found after IL-6 depletion or in IL-6-knockout mice was compensated by the inclusion of recombinant mouse IL-12 in the vaccine. |
| 3671 | 10531224 | The induction of protective immunity against an intravenous or an aerosol challenge with live, virulent M. tuberculosis was markedly reduced by neutralizing either IL-6 or IL-12 during immunization with the vaccine. |
| 3672 | 10531224 | The induction of protective immunity against an intravenous or an aerosol challenge with live, virulent M. tuberculosis was markedly reduced by neutralizing either IL-6 or IL-12 during immunization with the vaccine. |
| 3673 | 10531224 | The induction of protective immunity against an intravenous or an aerosol challenge with live, virulent M. tuberculosis was markedly reduced by neutralizing either IL-6 or IL-12 during immunization with the vaccine. |
| 3674 | 10531224 | The induction of protective immunity against an intravenous or an aerosol challenge with live, virulent M. tuberculosis was markedly reduced by neutralizing either IL-6 or IL-12 during immunization with the vaccine. |
| 3675 | 10531224 | The induction of protective immunity against an intravenous or an aerosol challenge with live, virulent M. tuberculosis was markedly reduced by neutralizing either IL-6 or IL-12 during immunization with the vaccine. |
| 3676 | 10531224 | The induction of protective immunity against an intravenous or an aerosol challenge with live, virulent M. tuberculosis was markedly reduced by neutralizing either IL-6 or IL-12 during immunization with the vaccine. |
| 3677 | 10531224 | Likewise, the effects of IL-6 neutralization were partially reversed by including IL-12 in the vaccine. |
| 3678 | 10531224 | Likewise, the effects of IL-6 neutralization were partially reversed by including IL-12 in the vaccine. |
| 3679 | 10531224 | Likewise, the effects of IL-6 neutralization were partially reversed by including IL-12 in the vaccine. |
| 3680 | 10531224 | Likewise, the effects of IL-6 neutralization were partially reversed by including IL-12 in the vaccine. |
| 3681 | 10531224 | Likewise, the effects of IL-6 neutralization were partially reversed by including IL-12 in the vaccine. |
| 3682 | 10531224 | Likewise, the effects of IL-6 neutralization were partially reversed by including IL-12 in the vaccine. |
| 3683 | 10531224 | Our data point to an important role of IL-6 and IL-12 in the generation of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis. |
| 3684 | 10531224 | Our data point to an important role of IL-6 and IL-12 in the generation of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis. |
| 3685 | 10531224 | Our data point to an important role of IL-6 and IL-12 in the generation of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis. |
| 3686 | 10531224 | Our data point to an important role of IL-6 and IL-12 in the generation of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis. |
| 3687 | 10531224 | Our data point to an important role of IL-6 and IL-12 in the generation of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis. |
| 3688 | 10531224 | Our data point to an important role of IL-6 and IL-12 in the generation of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis. |
| 3689 | 10525444 | Iscoms prominently enhance the antigen targeting, uptake, and activity of antigen presenting cells including dendritic and B cells and macrophages resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, above all interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-12. |
| 3690 | 10525444 | The expression of costimulatory molecules major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, B7.1 and B7.2, is also enhanced. |
| 3691 | 10525444 | Iscoms enhance the Th1 type of response with increased production of IL-2 and interferon gamma. |
| 3692 | 10525444 | IL-4, IL-2, and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) together with the beta chemokines MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta correlated with protection against challenge infection with a chimeric virus (simian immunodeficiency virus-human immunodeficiency virus). |
| 3693 | 10522786 | Both Th1-like and Th2-like immune responses were induced in the group receiving the VP6 vaccine as seen by significantly increased expressions of IFNgamma and IL-6 in the jejunal Peyer's patch together with an increased percentage of CD8+ T cells in the intestine and rotavirus-specific antibodies at mucosal surfaces. |
| 3694 | 10519933 | The present work focuses on the effects of ghosts (Escherichia coli O26:B6), S-layers (Bacillus stearothermophilus) in comparison with LPS and antibiotic-inactivated whole bacteria (E. coli O26:B6) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with regard to the release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the expression of surface E-selectin and the role of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14) and serum for this activation. |
| 3695 | 10519933 | We have also studied the role of CD14 and LBP for the activation of endothelial cells using antiCD14 and antiLBP antibodies (Ab). |
| 3696 | 10505115 | In contrast to the rapid LPS response, CpG DNA-stimulated TNF and IL-6 synthesis in human monocytes was not detectable until 18 h. |
| 3697 | 10505115 | In contrast to the rapid LPS response, CpG DNA-stimulated TNF and IL-6 synthesis in human monocytes was not detectable until 18 h. |
| 3698 | 10505115 | In conclusion, CpG-motifs induce TNF, IL-6 and ICAM-1 expression in human monocytes, but the kinetics of this differ from that induced by LPS, which makes it possible to distinguish immune activation by these agents. |
| 3699 | 10505115 | In conclusion, CpG-motifs induce TNF, IL-6 and ICAM-1 expression in human monocytes, but the kinetics of this differ from that induced by LPS, which makes it possible to distinguish immune activation by these agents. |
| 3700 | 10496888 | Stimulation of bone marrow macrophages from C3H/HeN mice with the B. burgdorferi lipoprotein OspA resulted in higher-level production of the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor alpha, nitric oxide, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) than that of macrophages from C57BL/6N mice. |
| 3701 | 10486930 | We have studied a group of asymptotic cats which have been rectally infected with FIV for 1 year or longer and shown an increase in the number of lamina propria CD8+ cells and greater levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and gamma-IFN mRNA. |
| 3702 | 10479117 | As the rash resolved production of IL-2, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and IL-5 mRNA increased. |
| 3703 | 10477566 | DCs incubated with recombinant S. gordonii were much more efficient than DCs pulsed with soluble C-fragment of tetanus toxin at stimulating specific CD4+ T cells as determined by cell proliferation and IFN-gamma release. |
| 3704 | 10477566 | In particular, S. gordonii dose-dependently up-regulated expression of membrane molecules (MHC I and II, CD80, CD86, CD54, CD40, CD83) and reduced both phagocytic and endocytic activities. |
| 3705 | 10477566 | Furthermore, bacteria promoted in a dose-dependent manner DC release of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12, TGF-beta, and IL-10) and of the chemokines IL-8, RANTES, IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10, and monokine induced by IFN-gamma. |
| 3706 | 10459843 | This results in the synthesis of interleukin-10 (IL-10), which suppresses the formation of interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and IL-2, and of IL-6, which suppresses T-cell responses. |
| 3707 | 10418905 | Cryostat sections of cornea were taken at different times after challenge and examined for infiltrating cells containing IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. |
| 3708 | 10418905 | By days 3-7, many cells containing IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but few cells containing IL-2, had infiltrated into the corneas of gG or mock vaccinated mice. |
| 3709 | 10418905 | At the same times, many cells containing IL-2, but few cells containing IL-4 or IFN-gamma, were seen in the corneas of gD vaccinated mice. |
| 3710 | 10418905 | In contrast, the corneas of mice vaccinated with gK contained large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4. |
| 3711 | 10418905 | Our results suggest that: (1) corneas from gD vaccinated mice had no corneal disease and developed a response highly biased toward IL-2 responses; (2) corneas from gG or mock vaccinated eyes had significant corneal disease and developed a mostly IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine response; and (3) corneas from gK vaccinated mice had exacerbated corneal disease and developed strong IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma cytokine responses. |
| 3712 | 10416988 | We demonstrated that this bacterially derived DNA could induce interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)gamma, (Th1-promoting cytokines), and IL-6 production as well as activate NK cells. |
| 3713 | 10416988 | We demonstrated that this bacterially derived DNA could induce interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)gamma, (Th1-promoting cytokines), and IL-6 production as well as activate NK cells. |
| 3714 | 10416988 | Exacerbation of the disease did not correlate with the number of TMEV-antigen positive cells but did with an increase in anti-TMEV antibody. pCMV injection also enhanced R-EAE with increased IFNgamma and IL-6 responses. |
| 3715 | 10416988 | Exacerbation of the disease did not correlate with the number of TMEV-antigen positive cells but did with an increase in anti-TMEV antibody. pCMV injection also enhanced R-EAE with increased IFNgamma and IL-6 responses. |
| 3716 | 10408367 | These iC3b fragments serve to promote the high avidity attachment of the 'iC3b-opsonized' pathogens to the iC3b-receptors (CR3, CD11b/CD18) of phagocytic cells and natural killer (NK) cells, stimulating phagocytosis and/or cytotoxic degranulation. |
| 3717 | 10408367 | Moreover, the cytotoxic activation of beta-glucan-primed NK cell CR3 by iC3b-opsonized tumors is shown to be accompanied by a tumor-localized secretion of the cytokines TNFalpha, IFNalpha, IFNgamma, and IL-6. |
| 3718 | 10400824 | When IL-12 was replaced by other cytokines acting on T cells or antigen-presenting cells, such as IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, GM-CSF or MCP-3, no significant enhancing effect was observed. |
| 3719 | 10397174 | Cytometric analysis showed that they constitutively expressed the cell surface markers CD45, CD1 1b, MHC class II, F4/80, N418, B7-2 and ICAM1. |
| 3720 | 10397174 | Despite both cell lines expressing Thy-1 only, the AG116 show CD4 but both were negative for CD8 and B220. |
| 3721 | 10397174 | In addition to a basal production of IL-6, the cell lines were found to increase their synthesis of IL-6 and IL-12 p40 after interaction with T cells in a similar way as mature wtDCs. |
| 3722 | 10389910 | CTLs recognizing the HLA-A2.1-restricted, wild-type sequence p53 epitopes p53(149-157) and p53(264-272) were generated from CD8-enriched populations of nonadherent peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) obtained from healthy donors. |
| 3723 | 10389910 | The PBLs were restimulated in vitro with peptide-pulsed granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor- and interleukin (IL)-4-induced autologous dendritic cells in the presence of IL-6 and IL-12 and subsequently cultivated with IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-7. |
| 3724 | 10382760 | In vitro derived DC were infected with BCG, which induced their maturation, as shown by the increased expression of MHC class II antigens, CD80 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules. |
| 3725 | 10382760 | The synthesis of mRNA for IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist was also enhanced. |
| 3726 | 10377147 | Stimulation with STF induced rapid de novo synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), followed by IL-6 and IL-10. |
| 3727 | 10377147 | Intracellular cytokine measurements of STF-stimulated PBMC revealed the existence of monocyte subpopulations that produce only TNF-alpha, IL-1beta or both cytokines. |
| 3728 | 10353870 | Cytokine analysis showed that interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 were induced by nasal immunization, suggesting that Th2- and Th1-type cells were generated. |
| 3729 | 10229857 | Although the mechanism of adjuvanticity of CT is not completely understood, it is known that CT induces mucosal epithelial cells to produce the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 and up-regulates macrophage production of IL-1 and the costimulatory molecule B7.2. |
| 3730 | 10229857 | Because IL-1 may duplicate many of the activities of CT, we evaluated IL-1alpha and IL-1beta for their ability to serve as mucosal adjuvants when intranasally administered with soluble protein Ags. |
| 3731 | 10229857 | IL-1alpha and IL-1beta were as effective as CT for the induction of Ag-specific serum IgG, vaginal IgG and IgA, systemic delayed-type hypersensitivity, and lymphocyte proliferative responses when intranasally administered with soluble protein Ag. |
| 3732 | 10229421 | Studies of BCG stimulated cytokine secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed the patient to have enhanced interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and reduced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels. |
| 3733 | 10229421 | Studies of BCG stimulated cytokine secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed the patient to have enhanced interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and reduced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels. |
| 3734 | 10229421 | Spontaneous IL-6 secretion was markedly elevated for the patient, compared to the control subject, but IFN-gamma secretion was quite similar. |
| 3735 | 10229421 | Spontaneous IL-6 secretion was markedly elevated for the patient, compared to the control subject, but IFN-gamma secretion was quite similar. |
| 3736 | 10228035 | Immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMS) containing the saponin adjuvant Quil A are potential vaccine vectors that induce a wide range of Ag-specific responses in vivo encompassing both humoral and CD4 and CD8 cell-mediated immune responses. |
| 3737 | 10228035 | Immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMS) containing the saponin adjuvant Quil A are potential vaccine vectors that induce a wide range of Ag-specific responses in vivo encompassing both humoral and CD4 and CD8 cell-mediated immune responses. |
| 3738 | 10228035 | Many of the recruited cells had phenotypic evidence of activation and secreted a number of inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, reactive oxygen intermediates, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-gamma. |
| 3739 | 10228035 | Many of the recruited cells had phenotypic evidence of activation and secreted a number of inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, reactive oxygen intermediates, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-gamma. |
| 3740 | 10228035 | Of the factors that we investigated further only IL-12 appeared to be essential for the immunogenicity of ISCOMS, as IL-6- and inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (KO) mice developed normal immune responses to OVA in ISCOMS, whereas these responses were markedly reduced in IL-12KO mice. |
| 3741 | 10228035 | Of the factors that we investigated further only IL-12 appeared to be essential for the immunogenicity of ISCOMS, as IL-6- and inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (KO) mice developed normal immune responses to OVA in ISCOMS, whereas these responses were markedly reduced in IL-12KO mice. |
| 3742 | 10225849 | To ascertain if immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is associated with rises in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the plasma of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured serially after immunization. |
| 3743 | 10225849 | To ascertain if immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is associated with rises in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the plasma of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured serially after immunization. |
| 3744 | 10225849 | IL-6 levels rose an average of 2.2- and 2.1-fold 6 and 8 h after immunization, respectively, but TNF-alpha levels remained unchanged. |
| 3745 | 10225849 | IL-6 levels rose an average of 2.2- and 2.1-fold 6 and 8 h after immunization, respectively, but TNF-alpha levels remained unchanged. |
| 3746 | 10092809 | Activated macrophages kill bacteria, a function known to depend on the expression of NF-IL-6. |
| 3747 | 10092809 | Activated macrophages kill bacteria, a function known to depend on the expression of NF-IL-6. |
| 3748 | 10092809 | Activated macrophages kill bacteria, a function known to depend on the expression of NF-IL-6. |
| 3749 | 10092809 | Activated macrophages kill bacteria, a function known to depend on the expression of NF-IL-6. |
| 3750 | 10092809 | Activated macrophages kill bacteria, a function known to depend on the expression of NF-IL-6. |
| 3751 | 10092809 | Here, it is demonstrated that the attenuated Brucella abortus vaccine strain 19 replicates much better in NF-IL-6-/- than in NF-IL-6(+/+) and NF-IL-6(+/+)-activated murine macrophages and at levels comparable to those observed in normal macrophages infected with the pathogenic strain 2308. |
| 3752 | 10092809 | Here, it is demonstrated that the attenuated Brucella abortus vaccine strain 19 replicates much better in NF-IL-6-/- than in NF-IL-6(+/+) and NF-IL-6(+/+)-activated murine macrophages and at levels comparable to those observed in normal macrophages infected with the pathogenic strain 2308. |
| 3753 | 10092809 | Here, it is demonstrated that the attenuated Brucella abortus vaccine strain 19 replicates much better in NF-IL-6-/- than in NF-IL-6(+/+) and NF-IL-6(+/+)-activated murine macrophages and at levels comparable to those observed in normal macrophages infected with the pathogenic strain 2308. |
| 3754 | 10092809 | Here, it is demonstrated that the attenuated Brucella abortus vaccine strain 19 replicates much better in NF-IL-6-/- than in NF-IL-6(+/+) and NF-IL-6(+/+)-activated murine macrophages and at levels comparable to those observed in normal macrophages infected with the pathogenic strain 2308. |
| 3755 | 10092809 | Here, it is demonstrated that the attenuated Brucella abortus vaccine strain 19 replicates much better in NF-IL-6-/- than in NF-IL-6(+/+) and NF-IL-6(+/+)-activated murine macrophages and at levels comparable to those observed in normal macrophages infected with the pathogenic strain 2308. |
| 3756 | 10092809 | The role of NF-IL-6 in the inhibition of intracellular bacterial replication is related to its control of endocytosis and membrane fusion between endosomes and Brucella-containing phagosomes. |
| 3757 | 10092809 | The role of NF-IL-6 in the inhibition of intracellular bacterial replication is related to its control of endocytosis and membrane fusion between endosomes and Brucella-containing phagosomes. |
| 3758 | 10092809 | The role of NF-IL-6 in the inhibition of intracellular bacterial replication is related to its control of endocytosis and membrane fusion between endosomes and Brucella-containing phagosomes. |
| 3759 | 10092809 | The role of NF-IL-6 in the inhibition of intracellular bacterial replication is related to its control of endocytosis and membrane fusion between endosomes and Brucella-containing phagosomes. |
| 3760 | 10092809 | The role of NF-IL-6 in the inhibition of intracellular bacterial replication is related to its control of endocytosis and membrane fusion between endosomes and Brucella-containing phagosomes. |
| 3761 | 10092809 | Addition of the granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), whose induction is impaired in NF-IL-6(-/-) macrophages, restores both endocytosis and the morphology of endosomes, together with bactericidal activity. |
| 3762 | 10092809 | Addition of the granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), whose induction is impaired in NF-IL-6(-/-) macrophages, restores both endocytosis and the morphology of endosomes, together with bactericidal activity. |
| 3763 | 10092809 | Addition of the granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), whose induction is impaired in NF-IL-6(-/-) macrophages, restores both endocytosis and the morphology of endosomes, together with bactericidal activity. |
| 3764 | 10092809 | Addition of the granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), whose induction is impaired in NF-IL-6(-/-) macrophages, restores both endocytosis and the morphology of endosomes, together with bactericidal activity. |
| 3765 | 10092809 | Addition of the granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), whose induction is impaired in NF-IL-6(-/-) macrophages, restores both endocytosis and the morphology of endosomes, together with bactericidal activity. |
| 3766 | 10092809 | Regulation of membrane traffic in endocytosis by G-CSF whose expression is controlled by NF-IL-6 may explain how a host cell can control intracellular bacterial replication. |
| 3767 | 10092809 | Regulation of membrane traffic in endocytosis by G-CSF whose expression is controlled by NF-IL-6 may explain how a host cell can control intracellular bacterial replication. |
| 3768 | 10092809 | Regulation of membrane traffic in endocytosis by G-CSF whose expression is controlled by NF-IL-6 may explain how a host cell can control intracellular bacterial replication. |
| 3769 | 10092809 | Regulation of membrane traffic in endocytosis by G-CSF whose expression is controlled by NF-IL-6 may explain how a host cell can control intracellular bacterial replication. |
| 3770 | 10092809 | Regulation of membrane traffic in endocytosis by G-CSF whose expression is controlled by NF-IL-6 may explain how a host cell can control intracellular bacterial replication. |
| 3771 | 10077215 | We observed enhanced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity accompanied by increased secretion of IL-6, IFNgamma and GM-CSF. |
| 3772 | 10077215 | Enhanced IFNgamma but unchanged IL-4 secretion suggested a T-helper 1-mediated anti-tumor immune response. |
| 3773 | 10073728 | In order to determine the effects of various cytokines on long-term protection against the influenza virus, mice were intramuscularly coinoculated with plasmids that encoded either the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-12 (IL-12), or the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene, in the presence of two plasmids that encoded the nucleoprotein (NP) and the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the influenza A virus. |
| 3774 | 10073728 | In order to determine the effects of various cytokines on long-term protection against the influenza virus, mice were intramuscularly coinoculated with plasmids that encoded either the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-12 (IL-12), or the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene, in the presence of two plasmids that encoded the nucleoprotein (NP) and the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the influenza A virus. |
| 3775 | 10073728 | In order to determine the effects of various cytokines on long-term protection against the influenza virus, mice were intramuscularly coinoculated with plasmids that encoded either the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-12 (IL-12), or the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene, in the presence of two plasmids that encoded the nucleoprotein (NP) and the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the influenza A virus. |
| 3776 | 10073728 | The coadministration of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 transiently enhanced antibody responses against influenza virus in early time points (4 to 7 week post immunization) after post inoculation. |
| 3777 | 10073728 | The coadministration of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 transiently enhanced antibody responses against influenza virus in early time points (4 to 7 week post immunization) after post inoculation. |
| 3778 | 10073728 | The coadministration of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 transiently enhanced antibody responses against influenza virus in early time points (4 to 7 week post immunization) after post inoculation. |
| 3779 | 10073728 | Mice that received either the IL-12 or the IL-6 gene had enhanced NP-specific CTL responses. |
| 3780 | 10073728 | Mice that received either the IL-12 or the IL-6 gene had enhanced NP-specific CTL responses. |
| 3781 | 10073728 | Mice that received either the IL-12 or the IL-6 gene had enhanced NP-specific CTL responses. |
| 3782 | 10037196 | Here, we demonstrate that functional DCs can be generated from peripheral blood of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by culture of monocytes/macrophages (CD14+) in autologous serum containing medium (RPMI) in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin (IL) 4. |
| 3783 | 10037196 | A synergistic effect of DC-TuLy and IL-2 in stimulating a T cell-dependent immune response was demonstrated by: (a) the increase of growth expansion of TILs (9.4-14.3-fold; day 21); (b) the up-regulation of the CD3+ CD56- TcR+ (both CD4+ and CD8+) cell population; (c) the augmentation of T cell-restricted autologous tumor lysis; and (d) the enhancement of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-6 mRNA expression by TILs. |
| 3784 | 10024580 | This decreased proliferation was not a result of increased Mphi production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, or oxygen radicals or the release of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, or interleukin-10 following exposure to STF. |
| 3785 | 9987163 | A chimeric protein comprised of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein D and bovine interleukin-6 is secreted by yeast and possesses biological activities of both molecules. |
| 3786 | 9973465 | Lymphotactin (Lptn) is a C chemokine produced predominantly by NK and CD8-positive (CD8+) T cells including gammadelta TCR-positive (TCR+) intraepithelial lymphocytes. |
| 3787 | 9973465 | CD4-positive (CD4+) T cells isolated from mucosal compartments and spleens of mice intranasally immunized with OVA plus Lptn displayed higher OVA-specific proliferative responses and greater synthesis of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 than did CD4+ T cells from mice given OVA without Lptn. |
| 3788 | 9973506 | These include IFN-gamma, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, which are important in the control of intracellular bacterial infection. |
| 3789 | 9973457 | Mucosally induced systemic T cell unresponsiveness to ovalbumin requires CD40 ligand-CD40 interactions. |
| 3790 | 9973457 | CD40 ligand (CD40L) gene-disrupted (CD40L-/-) mice were employed to examine the role of costimulatory signals via CD40L-CD40 interactions in mucosally induced tolerance. |
| 3791 | 9973457 | Further, cytokine analysis of splenic CD4+ T cells showed that both Th1-type (e.g., IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th2-type (e.g., IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10) responses were maintained in CD40L-/- mice orally immunized with OVA, whereas these cytokine responses in CD40L+/+ mice were significantly reduced. |
| 3792 | 9973457 | In addition, splenic CD4+ T cells from CD40L-/- mice orally immunized with OVA provided B cell help in Ag-specific Ab-forming cells when the cells were cultured with naive B cells in the presence of Ag and CD40L-transfected cell lines. |
| 3793 | 9973457 | In contrast, an identical culture condition containing splenic CD4+ T cells from orally tolerized CD40L+/+ mice did not exhibit helper activity. |
| 3794 | 9973457 | Taken together, these findings indicate that CD40L and CD40 interactions are essential for the induction of systemic T cell unresponsiveness to orally administered Ag. |
| 3795 | 9933432 | Urine of patients showed increased levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) after BCG instillation. |
| 3796 | 9933432 | Urine of patients showed increased levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) after BCG instillation. |
| 3797 | 9933432 | Levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the serum also increased after BCG instillation, but IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and M-CSF were not detectable. |
| 3798 | 9933432 | Levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the serum also increased after BCG instillation, but IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and M-CSF were not detectable. |
| 3799 | 9933432 | Maximal levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the urine or serum were shown after the fourth instillation. |
| 3800 | 9933432 | Maximal levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the urine or serum were shown after the fourth instillation. |
| 3801 | 9927516 | IL-12 p70 production by stimulated human monocytes was inhibited by CT in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 3802 | 9927516 | CT also inhibited the production of IL-12 p70 by monocyte-derived dendritic cells, as well as the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, but not IL-10, IL-6, or transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, by stimulated monocytes. |
| 3803 | 9927516 | The effects of CT were not due to autocrine production of IL-10, TGF-beta1, or prostaglandin E2. |
| 3804 | 9927516 | CT inhibited the production of IFN-gamma by anti-CD3-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell, due in part to suppression of IL-12 production, but also to the inhibition of expression of the beta1 and beta2 chains of the IL-12 receptor on T cells. |
| 3805 | 9927516 | In vivo, mice given CT before systemic challenge with lipopolysaccharide had markedly reduced serum levels of IL-12 p40 and interferon gamma. |
| 3806 | 9886377 | We addressed the effects of two cytokines, IL-6 and IL-12, derived from APCs, for the development of mucosal IgA Ab responses following their nasal delivery with the protein vaccine tetanus toxoid (TT). |
| 3807 | 9886377 | We addressed the effects of two cytokines, IL-6 and IL-12, derived from APCs, for the development of mucosal IgA Ab responses following their nasal delivery with the protein vaccine tetanus toxoid (TT). |
| 3808 | 9886377 | We addressed the effects of two cytokines, IL-6 and IL-12, derived from APCs, for the development of mucosal IgA Ab responses following their nasal delivery with the protein vaccine tetanus toxoid (TT). |
| 3809 | 9886377 | We addressed the effects of two cytokines, IL-6 and IL-12, derived from APCs, for the development of mucosal IgA Ab responses following their nasal delivery with the protein vaccine tetanus toxoid (TT). |
| 3810 | 9886377 | Coadministration of IL-6 and IL-12 with TT did not enhance the mucosal or serum Ab responses over those seen with IL-12 alone. |
| 3811 | 9886377 | Coadministration of IL-6 and IL-12 with TT did not enhance the mucosal or serum Ab responses over those seen with IL-12 alone. |
| 3812 | 9886377 | Coadministration of IL-6 and IL-12 with TT did not enhance the mucosal or serum Ab responses over those seen with IL-12 alone. |
| 3813 | 9886377 | Coadministration of IL-6 and IL-12 with TT did not enhance the mucosal or serum Ab responses over those seen with IL-12 alone. |
| 3814 | 9886377 | TT-specific CD4+ T cells from mice given TT with IL-6 or IL-12 produced higher levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10 than did those from control mice, but only negligible levels of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 3815 | 9886377 | TT-specific CD4+ T cells from mice given TT with IL-6 or IL-12 produced higher levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10 than did those from control mice, but only negligible levels of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 3816 | 9886377 | TT-specific CD4+ T cells from mice given TT with IL-6 or IL-12 produced higher levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10 than did those from control mice, but only negligible levels of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 3817 | 9886377 | TT-specific CD4+ T cells from mice given TT with IL-6 or IL-12 produced higher levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10 than did those from control mice, but only negligible levels of IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 3818 | 9886377 | In summary, both intranasal IL-6 and IL-12 induced serum Abs that protected mice from systemic challenge with TT, whereas only IL-12 induced mucosal S-IgA Ab responses. |
| 3819 | 9886377 | In summary, both intranasal IL-6 and IL-12 induced serum Abs that protected mice from systemic challenge with TT, whereas only IL-12 induced mucosal S-IgA Ab responses. |
| 3820 | 9886377 | In summary, both intranasal IL-6 and IL-12 induced serum Abs that protected mice from systemic challenge with TT, whereas only IL-12 induced mucosal S-IgA Ab responses. |
| 3821 | 9886377 | In summary, both intranasal IL-6 and IL-12 induced serum Abs that protected mice from systemic challenge with TT, whereas only IL-12 induced mucosal S-IgA Ab responses. |
| 3822 | 9886376 | CT inhibited IL-12-induced IFN-gamma secretion both in vivo and in vitro. |
| 3823 | 9886376 | This shift of the CT-induced immune response toward Th1 type was associated with TT-specific CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma and reduced levels of Th2-type cytokines (i.e., IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10). |
| 3824 | 9886376 | IFN-gamma secretion by TT-specific CD4+ T cells was also enhanced; however, Th2-type cytokine responses were predominant. |
| 3825 | 9878011 | Immunohistochemical staining was used to enumerate cytokine-producing cells (monokines: interleukin [IL]-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha; lymphokines: interferon-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-beta) in tissues obtained at autopsy from subjects with HPS. |
| 3826 | 9864208 | B. burgdorferi similarly induced an upregulation of the IL-1beta and IL-6 cytokine genes in monocytes and the production of IL-10 and IL-6 in culture supernatants of the human monocytic cell line THP-1. |
| 3827 | 9864208 | B. burgdorferi similarly induced an upregulation of the IL-1beta and IL-6 cytokine genes in monocytes and the production of IL-10 and IL-6 in culture supernatants of the human monocytic cell line THP-1. |
| 3828 | 9864208 | Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) MY4 and 60bca, both of which bind to CD14 and are known to block lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated cytokine production, were able to block L-OspA-mediated IL-10 and IL-6 cytokine production. |
| 3829 | 9864208 | Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) MY4 and 60bca, both of which bind to CD14 and are known to block lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated cytokine production, were able to block L-OspA-mediated IL-10 and IL-6 cytokine production. |
| 3830 | 9834076 | Female rhesus macaques were nasally immunized with p55gag (p55) of SIV and cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 3831 | 9834076 | Furthermore, high numbers of p55-specific IgA and IgG Ab-forming cells were induced in mucosal effector sites, i.e., uterine cervix, intestinal lamina propria, and nasal passage. p55-specific CD4+ T cells in both systemic and mucosal compartments expressed IFN-gamma and IL-2 (Th1-type)- as well as IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 (Th2-type)-specific mRNA. |
| 3832 | 9834076 | These results show that nasal immunization with SIV p55 with cholera toxin elicits both Th1- and selective Th2-type cytokine responses associated with the induction of SIV-specific mucosal and serum Abs, and CTL activity. |
| 3833 | 9778748 | Following vaccination, PBMC production of IL-10 was higher in the young than in the elderly (p < 0.0015), while IL-6 production was comparable in both young and elderly individuals. |
| 3834 | 9778748 | Following vaccination, PBMC production of IL-10 was higher in the young than in the elderly (p < 0.0015), while IL-6 production was comparable in both young and elderly individuals. |
| 3835 | 9778748 | Greater than 13% of the elderly population did not produce detectable IL-6, IL-10, or IFN gamma either before or after vaccination. |
| 3836 | 9778748 | Greater than 13% of the elderly population did not produce detectable IL-6, IL-10, or IFN gamma either before or after vaccination. |
| 3837 | 9743369 | In contrast to LPS, CpG ODN stimulated FSDDC to produce large amounts of IL-12 but only small amounts of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. |
| 3838 | 9737670 | In this study, we show that proinflammatory stimuli induce the expression of other cytokines such as IL-6, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by muscle cells themselves, as well as the up-regulation of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I, class II and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). |
| 3839 | 9737670 | The levels of HLA class I, class II and ICAM-1 in inflamed muscle may be affected by the secreted products of the stimulation. |
| 3840 | 9733870 | Here we apply MVA to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine development by incorporating the envelope protein gp160 of HIV-1 primary isolate strain 89.6 (MVA 89.6) and use it to induce mucosal cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) immunity. |
| 3841 | 9733870 | Immunization with MVA 89.6 led to (i) the loading of antigen-presenting cells in vivo, as measured by the ex vivo active presentation of the P18-89.6 peptide to an antigen-specific CTL line, and (ii) the significant production of the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in the mucosal sites. |
| 3842 | 9724877 | Mice deficient in gamma-delta T cells, classical major histocompatibility complex class I, non-classical antigen presentation pathways, the cytokines interferon-gamma, interleukin-4, interleukin-6 and the cytolytic effector molecules perforin or FasL were completely immune to secondary infection. |
| 3843 | 9689679 | This phase corresponds to the early release of so-called inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8). |
| 3844 | 9689679 | The second phase consists of recognition of bacterial antigens by CD4 lymphocytes, which release mainly IL-2 and IFN-gamma(TH1 response). |
| 3845 | 9689679 | This cell activation leads to the third phase, which consists of amplification of cytotoxic-populations: CD8, gamma delta lymphocytes, macrophages, NK, LAK, BAK. |
| 3846 | 9643387 | Th 1 type helper cells that produce type 1 class cytokines, such as interferon gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2), are known to be important in cellular immunity to Legionella as well as to other opportunistic intracellular bacteria. |
| 3847 | 9643387 | In contrast, Th 2 type helper cells, which secrete type 2 class cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, activate B lymphocytes to produce humoral antibodies important in resistance to extracellular bacteria which secrete toxins and extracellular factors as compared to intracellular bacteria such as Legionella. |
| 3848 | 9632584 | Mucosal delivery of murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 by recombinant strains of Lactococcus lactis coexpressing antigen and cytokine. |
| 3849 | 9632584 | Mucosal delivery of murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 by recombinant strains of Lactococcus lactis coexpressing antigen and cytokine. |
| 3850 | 9632584 | Mucosal delivery of murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 by recombinant strains of Lactococcus lactis coexpressing antigen and cytokine. |
| 3851 | 9632584 | Mucosal delivery of murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 by recombinant strains of Lactococcus lactis coexpressing antigen and cytokine. |
| 3852 | 9632584 | To determine whether lactococci can also deliver cytokines to the immune system, we have constructed novel constitutive expression strains of L. lactis which accumulate a test antigen, tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC), within the cytoplasmic compartment and also secrete either murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 3853 | 9632584 | To determine whether lactococci can also deliver cytokines to the immune system, we have constructed novel constitutive expression strains of L. lactis which accumulate a test antigen, tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC), within the cytoplasmic compartment and also secrete either murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 3854 | 9632584 | To determine whether lactococci can also deliver cytokines to the immune system, we have constructed novel constitutive expression strains of L. lactis which accumulate a test antigen, tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC), within the cytoplasmic compartment and also secrete either murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 3855 | 9632584 | To determine whether lactococci can also deliver cytokines to the immune system, we have constructed novel constitutive expression strains of L. lactis which accumulate a test antigen, tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC), within the cytoplasmic compartment and also secrete either murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 3856 | 9632584 | When mice were immunized intranasally with various different expression strains of L. lactis, the anti-TTFC antibody titers increased more rapidly and were substantially higher in mice immunized with the bacterial strains which secreted IL-2 or IL-6 in addition to their production of TTFC. |
| 3857 | 9632584 | When mice were immunized intranasally with various different expression strains of L. lactis, the anti-TTFC antibody titers increased more rapidly and were substantially higher in mice immunized with the bacterial strains which secreted IL-2 or IL-6 in addition to their production of TTFC. |
| 3858 | 9632584 | When mice were immunized intranasally with various different expression strains of L. lactis, the anti-TTFC antibody titers increased more rapidly and were substantially higher in mice immunized with the bacterial strains which secreted IL-2 or IL-6 in addition to their production of TTFC. |
| 3859 | 9632584 | When mice were immunized intranasally with various different expression strains of L. lactis, the anti-TTFC antibody titers increased more rapidly and were substantially higher in mice immunized with the bacterial strains which secreted IL-2 or IL-6 in addition to their production of TTFC. |
| 3860 | 9632584 | This adjuvant effect was lost when the recombinant strains of L. lactis were killed by pretreatment with mitomycin C and could therefore be attributed to the secretion of IL-2 or IL-6 by the recombinant lactococci. |
| 3861 | 9632584 | This adjuvant effect was lost when the recombinant strains of L. lactis were killed by pretreatment with mitomycin C and could therefore be attributed to the secretion of IL-2 or IL-6 by the recombinant lactococci. |
| 3862 | 9632584 | This adjuvant effect was lost when the recombinant strains of L. lactis were killed by pretreatment with mitomycin C and could therefore be attributed to the secretion of IL-2 or IL-6 by the recombinant lactococci. |
| 3863 | 9632584 | This adjuvant effect was lost when the recombinant strains of L. lactis were killed by pretreatment with mitomycin C and could therefore be attributed to the secretion of IL-2 or IL-6 by the recombinant lactococci. |
| 3864 | 9610908 | When compared with exogenous IL-2, RCC-Ad-IL-2 induced less growth expansion of TILs whereas a reduced CD56+ (23 +/- 14% vs. 44 +/- 13%; p < 0.05) but increased CD3+CD4+ cell population (32 +/- 11% vs. 15 +/- 6%; p < 0.05) with enhanced T cell-receptor use (59 +/- 10% vs. 42 +/- 7%; p < 0.005) was determined. |
| 3865 | 9610908 | An augmented human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxicity was detected in RCC-Ad-IL-2-expanded TILs (day 35, 15.3 +/- 4.2 LU vs. 4.6 +/- 1.8 LU; p < 0.005). |
| 3866 | 9610908 | These properties were mediated by the CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell populations, as demonstrated by antibody-blocking assays. |
| 3867 | 9610908 | A unique cytokine profile also was detected in RCC-Ad-IL-2-induced TILs, which demonstrated an upregulation of both GM-CSF and IL-6 mRNA as compared with TILs expanded in the presence of exogenous IL-2. |
| 3868 | 9607033 | Furthermore, mice treated with B-1/B30-MDP as well as B-1/MDP-Lys(L18) showed a higher level of Th-2 type cytokines, IL-4 and IL-6, in sera than mice treated with B-1 alone. |
| 3869 | 9605151 | Lipoprotein-mediated induction of nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear translocation and production of IL-8 and IL-6 in HUVEC was enhanced in the presence of serum or soluble rCD14. |
| 3870 | 9554257 | Further, iscoms induce APC to produce IL-1, IL-6 and IL-12 and a TH1 type of response with enhanced IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 3871 | 9481022 | Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and abnormal cardiorespiratory responses to immunization in premature infants. |
| 3872 | 9475357 | Whole-cell pertussis found in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine can produce symptoms reminiscent of biological responses to circulating proinflammatory monokines such as IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha. |
| 3873 | 9475357 | Whole-cell pertussis found in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine can produce symptoms reminiscent of biological responses to circulating proinflammatory monokines such as IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha. |
| 3874 | 9475357 | Whole-cell pertussis found in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine can produce symptoms reminiscent of biological responses to circulating proinflammatory monokines such as IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha. |
| 3875 | 9475357 | The whole-cell pertussis vaccine induced significantly more IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha production than did the acellular pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus-only vaccine. |
| 3876 | 9475357 | The whole-cell pertussis vaccine induced significantly more IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha production than did the acellular pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus-only vaccine. |
| 3877 | 9475357 | The whole-cell pertussis vaccine induced significantly more IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha production than did the acellular pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus-only vaccine. |
| 3878 | 9475357 | These results indicate that in vitro whole-cell vaccine is a potent stimulator of IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha. |
| 3879 | 9475357 | These results indicate that in vitro whole-cell vaccine is a potent stimulator of IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha. |
| 3880 | 9475357 | These results indicate that in vitro whole-cell vaccine is a potent stimulator of IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha. |
| 3881 | 9415312 | The DCCMV vector, which is an extreme example of the double-copy class of retroviral vectors, was subsequently used to generate melanoma cell lines constitutively secreting human interleukin-6 or a soluble form of the human interleukin-6 receptor for potential use in a phase II clinical vaccine trial for the treatment of melanoma patients. |
| 3882 | 9451905 | To investigate kinetics and stability, urinary levels of IL-8, IL-2 and IL-6 cytokines after BCG treatment, were determined. |
| 3883 | 9451905 | To investigate kinetics and stability, urinary levels of IL-8, IL-2 and IL-6 cytokines after BCG treatment, were determined. |
| 3884 | 9451905 | During the first three weeks of the treatment and follow-up period IL-8 peaked significantly earlier than IL-2 or IL-6. |
| 3885 | 9451905 | During the first three weeks of the treatment and follow-up period IL-8 peaked significantly earlier than IL-2 or IL-6. |
| 3886 | 9450626 | Modulation of MHC class II+ Langerhans cell numbers in corticosteroid treated epidermis by GM-CSF in combination with TNF-alpha. |
| 3887 | 9450626 | Modulation of MHC class II+ Langerhans cell numbers in corticosteroid treated epidermis by GM-CSF in combination with TNF-alpha. |
| 3888 | 9450626 | To identify cytokines which could increase DC in tissues we tested the ability of GM-CSF, TNF-alpha and IL-6 to partially prevent steroid depletion of Langerhans cells (LC) from the epidermis. |
| 3889 | 9450626 | To identify cytokines which could increase DC in tissues we tested the ability of GM-CSF, TNF-alpha and IL-6 to partially prevent steroid depletion of Langerhans cells (LC) from the epidermis. |
| 3890 | 9450626 | In the presence of serum, GM-CSF or TNF-alpha could increase LC frequency compared to the control; but in the absence of serum neither of these cytokines were effective unless they were combined with each other. |
| 3891 | 9450626 | In the presence of serum, GM-CSF or TNF-alpha could increase LC frequency compared to the control; but in the absence of serum neither of these cytokines were effective unless they were combined with each other. |
| 3892 | 9450626 | In the presence of serum the combination of GM-CSF with TNF-alpha was ineffective. |
| 3893 | 9450626 | In the presence of serum the combination of GM-CSF with TNF-alpha was ineffective. |
| 3894 | 9450626 | The data support the hypotheses that GM-CSF and TNF-alpha are both important in regulating LC numbers in the epidermis in vivo. |
| 3895 | 9450626 | The data support the hypotheses that GM-CSF and TNF-alpha are both important in regulating LC numbers in the epidermis in vivo. |
| 3896 | 9450626 | Serum may modulate how each of these cytokines, separately or in combination, affect LC frequency in the epidermis - GM-CSF and TNF-alpha separately probably interact with other factors present in serum to increase LC frequency, whereas in combination it is possible that these separate effects are cancelled in the presence of serum. |
| 3897 | 9450626 | Serum may modulate how each of these cytokines, separately or in combination, affect LC frequency in the epidermis - GM-CSF and TNF-alpha separately probably interact with other factors present in serum to increase LC frequency, whereas in combination it is possible that these separate effects are cancelled in the presence of serum. |
| 3898 | 9450626 | TNF-alpha and GM-CSF together, in the absence of serum, form one combination of a minimum number of cytokines which can regulate LC frequency in the epidermis; and IL-6 alone, or in combination with GM-CSF, does not increase LC frequency. |
| 3899 | 9450626 | TNF-alpha and GM-CSF together, in the absence of serum, form one combination of a minimum number of cytokines which can regulate LC frequency in the epidermis; and IL-6 alone, or in combination with GM-CSF, does not increase LC frequency. |
| 3900 | 9384286 | Cellular activation induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and heat shock proteins (HSP) leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6. |
| 3901 | 9384286 | Cellular activation induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and heat shock proteins (HSP) leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6. |
| 3902 | 9384286 | In this study, we found that IL-4 significantly suppressed IL-1beta secretion induced by BCG and the 70- and 65-kDa HSP. |
| 3903 | 9384286 | In this study, we found that IL-4 significantly suppressed IL-1beta secretion induced by BCG and the 70- and 65-kDa HSP. |
| 3904 | 9384286 | When exogenous recombinant human IL-4 was added to human mononuclear cells, a dose- and time-related inhibition of the 70-kDa HSP- and BCG-induced IL-1beta secretion was observed. |
| 3905 | 9384286 | When exogenous recombinant human IL-4 was added to human mononuclear cells, a dose- and time-related inhibition of the 70-kDa HSP- and BCG-induced IL-1beta secretion was observed. |
| 3906 | 9384286 | In addition, IL-2, another T-cell-derived cytokine acting on monocytes, had no effect on IL-1beta secretion induced by either BCG or the 70-kDa HSP, indicating that in these experiments not all cytokines could immunoregulate IL-1beta secretion. |
| 3907 | 9384286 | In addition, IL-2, another T-cell-derived cytokine acting on monocytes, had no effect on IL-1beta secretion induced by either BCG or the 70-kDa HSP, indicating that in these experiments not all cytokines could immunoregulate IL-1beta secretion. |
| 3908 | 9384286 | IL-4 was also able to inhibit the secretion of IL-1beta by mycobacterium-stimulated cells from three rheumatoid arthritis patients. |
| 3909 | 9384286 | IL-4 was also able to inhibit the secretion of IL-1beta by mycobacterium-stimulated cells from three rheumatoid arthritis patients. |
| 3910 | 9384286 | Finally, IL-4 inhibited IL-6 secretion by mycobacterium-activated human cells. |
| 3911 | 9384286 | Finally, IL-4 inhibited IL-6 secretion by mycobacterium-activated human cells. |
| 3912 | 9409450 | Immunization with a syngeneic tumor infected with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces tumor regression and long-lasting systemic immunity. |
| 3913 | 9409450 | A recombinant vaccinia virus encoding the gene for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rV-GM-CSF) was used to infect the poorly immunogenic murine colon adenocarcinoma cell line, MC-38. |
| 3914 | 9409450 | Moreover, in vivo T-cell depletion studies revealed that growth suppression of the rV-GM-CSF-infected tumor cells was dependent on the presence of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets. |
| 3915 | 9409450 | No such effects were observed when MC-38 tumor cells were infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-6. |
| 3916 | 9325017 | To identify factors relevant to the unique property of iscoms to mediate CTL responses, we analysed the capacity of different defined Quillaja triterpenoid components in various formulations to stimulate production of IL-6 by APC in vitro and in vivo. |
| 3917 | 9341778 | We and others have demonstrated that single-stranded (ss) DNA containing the motif CpG flanked by two 5' purines and two 3' pyrimidines are mitogenic for B cells and activate macrophages to release tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6 or IL-12. |
| 3918 | 9322065 | Three forms of OspA vaccine candidates were investigated by the induction of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma as markers of monocyte activation and immune stimulation: lipidated OspA (L-OspA), non-lipidated OspA (NL-OspA), and a fusion protein of 81 amino acids of the nonstructural protein 1 of influenza virus with OspA (NS1-OspA). |
| 3919 | 9322065 | Three forms of OspA vaccine candidates were investigated by the induction of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma as markers of monocyte activation and immune stimulation: lipidated OspA (L-OspA), non-lipidated OspA (NL-OspA), and a fusion protein of 81 amino acids of the nonstructural protein 1 of influenza virus with OspA (NS1-OspA). |
| 3920 | 9322065 | Three forms of OspA vaccine candidates were investigated by the induction of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma as markers of monocyte activation and immune stimulation: lipidated OspA (L-OspA), non-lipidated OspA (NL-OspA), and a fusion protein of 81 amino acids of the nonstructural protein 1 of influenza virus with OspA (NS1-OspA). |
| 3921 | 9322065 | All OspA preparations induced IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in a concentration-dependent manner with peak levels at 12-24 h. |
| 3922 | 9322065 | All OspA preparations induced IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in a concentration-dependent manner with peak levels at 12-24 h. |
| 3923 | 9322065 | All OspA preparations induced IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in a concentration-dependent manner with peak levels at 12-24 h. |
| 3924 | 9322065 | In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 healthy donors, L-OspA at 10 micrograms ml-1 induced up to 4-fold more IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha than the other OspA preparations (P < or = 0.0068), followed by NS1-OspA, which was still superior to NL-OspA. |
| 3925 | 9322065 | In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 healthy donors, L-OspA at 10 micrograms ml-1 induced up to 4-fold more IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha than the other OspA preparations (P < or = 0.0068), followed by NS1-OspA, which was still superior to NL-OspA. |
| 3926 | 9322065 | In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 healthy donors, L-OspA at 10 micrograms ml-1 induced up to 4-fold more IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha than the other OspA preparations (P < or = 0.0068), followed by NS1-OspA, which was still superior to NL-OspA. |
| 3927 | 9322065 | L-OspA also induced high levels of IL-10 within 24 h but no significant amounts of IFN-gamma. |
| 3928 | 9322065 | L-OspA also induced high levels of IL-10 within 24 h but no significant amounts of IFN-gamma. |
| 3929 | 9322065 | L-OspA also induced high levels of IL-10 within 24 h but no significant amounts of IFN-gamma. |
| 3930 | 9257854 | However, in vitro restimulation of the accompanying virus-specific T cell populations from the two sites did not reveal any significant difference in lymphokine output, and isotype expression was not altered substantially in mice lacking IL-4 or IL-6 genes. |
| 3931 | 9217054 | VEE-induced cytokine gene expression was 100-fold elevated over that of untreated controls for IFN-gamma and IL-6 and 10-fold increased for IL-12, IL-10, and TNF-alpha. |
| 3932 | 9191837 | We also examined the influence of MV infection on the production of the cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-gamma by T lymphocytes. |
| 3933 | 9191837 | We also examined the influence of MV infection on the production of the cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-gamma by T lymphocytes. |
| 3934 | 9191837 | By comparing infected versus uninfected antigen-specific T cell lines, we found that MV infection of antigen-specific activated T cells caused no substantial change in generation of IFN-gamma, IL-6, or IL-10. |
| 3935 | 9191837 | By comparing infected versus uninfected antigen-specific T cell lines, we found that MV infection of antigen-specific activated T cells caused no substantial change in generation of IFN-gamma, IL-6, or IL-10. |
| 3936 | 10683917 | SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular weights of expression proteins were 68 kd and 23 kd respectively, designated p68 and p23. |
| 3937 | 10683917 | Purifying and isolating p68 and p23, we separated them from SDS-Polyacrylamide gels by using Side-Strip method. |
| 3938 | 10683917 | After fragmenting and electroeluting, p68 and p23 were injected into guinea pigs and rabbits. |
| 3939 | 10683917 | The results of improved MTT and conA 3HTdR transformation methods showed the activities and proliferation of Th-cells were increased in guinea pigs after p68 immunization (IL-6, 83.25 IU/ml, IL-2, 28.75 IU/ml; RPI, 2.04, SI, 65.62%) Thlymphocyte existed in two subclasses, the Th1- and Th2-cells. |
| 3940 | 9234526 | Ag85A and Ag85B encoding plasmids induced a robust Th1-like response towards native Ag85, characterized by elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 3941 | 9234526 | Levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were low or undetectable. |
| 3942 | 9164952 | Rhesus macaques were orally immunized with a mucosal vaccine consisting of two different concentrations (1 mg vs 250 microg) of recombinant SIV p55gag (p55) with or without cholera toxin (CT, 50 microg) as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 3943 | 9164952 | Rhesus macaques were orally immunized with a mucosal vaccine consisting of two different concentrations (1 mg vs 250 microg) of recombinant SIV p55gag (p55) with or without cholera toxin (CT, 50 microg) as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 3944 | 9164952 | When culture supernatants from these p55-stimulated PBMCs were examined for Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines, both IFN-gamma and IL-10 were present, but IL-4 was absent. |
| 3945 | 9164952 | When culture supernatants from these p55-stimulated PBMCs were examined for Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines, both IFN-gamma and IL-10 were present, but IL-4 was absent. |
| 3946 | 9164952 | CD4+ T cells isolated from these p55-stimulated PBMCs contained IFN-gamma spot-forming cells (SFCs) but not IL-4 SFCs. |
| 3947 | 9164952 | CD4+ T cells isolated from these p55-stimulated PBMCs contained IFN-gamma spot-forming cells (SFCs) but not IL-4 SFCs. |
| 3948 | 9164952 | These results were further confirmed by cytokine-specific reverse transcriptase PCR analysis, where p55-specific CD4+ T cells expressed mRNA for IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10, but not IL-4. |
| 3949 | 9164952 | These results were further confirmed by cytokine-specific reverse transcriptase PCR analysis, where p55-specific CD4+ T cells expressed mRNA for IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10, but not IL-4. |
| 3950 | 9164952 | These findings suggest that oral immunization of nonhuman primates induced both IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 and select Th2 cytokine (e.g., IL-6 and IL-10)-producing CD4+ Th cells, which accounted for the generation of p55-specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses. |
| 3951 | 9164952 | These findings suggest that oral immunization of nonhuman primates induced both IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 and select Th2 cytokine (e.g., IL-6 and IL-10)-producing CD4+ Th cells, which accounted for the generation of p55-specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses. |
| 3952 | 9144226 | Both S61F and native CT enhanced the induction of ovalbumin-specific CD4(+) T cells in lung and splenic tissues, and these T cells produced a Th2-type cytokine pattern of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 as determined by analysis of secreted proteins and by quantitation of cytokine-specific mRNA. |
| 3953 | 9125592 | Intraperitoneal administration of these preparations induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum 2 h after injections. |
| 3954 | 9125592 | Intraperitoneal administration of these preparations induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum 2 h after injections. |
| 3955 | 9125592 | Intraperitoneal administration of these preparations induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum 2 h after injections. |
| 3956 | 9125592 | However, repeated doses of low- and high-toxicity preparations induced lower amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6, i.e., LOS tolerance. |
| 3957 | 9125592 | However, repeated doses of low- and high-toxicity preparations induced lower amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6, i.e., LOS tolerance. |
| 3958 | 9125592 | However, repeated doses of low- and high-toxicity preparations induced lower amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6, i.e., LOS tolerance. |
| 3959 | 9125592 | Peritoneal macrophages from tolerant mice pretreated with either high- or low-toxicity LOS preparations produced only a fraction of the amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6 produced by control groups in response to LOS ex vivo. |
| 3960 | 9125592 | Peritoneal macrophages from tolerant mice pretreated with either high- or low-toxicity LOS preparations produced only a fraction of the amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6 produced by control groups in response to LOS ex vivo. |
| 3961 | 9125592 | Peritoneal macrophages from tolerant mice pretreated with either high- or low-toxicity LOS preparations produced only a fraction of the amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6 produced by control groups in response to LOS ex vivo. |
| 3962 | 9103425 | These motifs rapidly trigger an innate immune response, characterized by the production of IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-gamma. |
| 3963 | 9100988 | We have previously demonstrated that immunization of HIV-1-infected individuals with the common recall antigen, tetanus, induced transient increases in plasma viremia as well as an increased ability to isolate virus from CD8+ T cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under minimally stimulated culture conditions (IL-2 plus IL-4) postimmunization. |
| 3964 | 9100988 | In four of these patients, virus could also be isolated from CD8+ T cell-depleted PBMCs in the presence of tetanus without the addition of any exogenous IL-2. |
| 3965 | 9100988 | HIV-1 was isolated predominantly from CD4+ T cells with a CD45RO+, CD25+ phenotype and was associated with a trend to elevated levels in culture supernatants of IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-4. |
| 3966 | 9207755 | Dh-Ag was more potent than M. leprae in the induction of immunostimulatory/proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). |
| 3967 | 9207755 | Dh-Ag was more potent than M. leprae in the induction of immunostimulatory/proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). |
| 3968 | 9207755 | Nevertheless, when monocytes were pretreated with the lipids followed by stimulation with Dh-Ag, productions of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF were all inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 3969 | 9207755 | Nevertheless, when monocytes were pretreated with the lipids followed by stimulation with Dh-Ag, productions of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF were all inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 3970 | 9141212 | The serum levels of interleukin-6, stem cell factor, and erythropoietin elevated significantly before the enhanced response of megakaryocytes induced by romurtide was observed. |
| 3971 | 9181927 | Even if the mechanism by which BCG mediate antitumor activity are not clearly established, an association between the immunological response and antitumoral activity is known IL-1 and TNF alfa are the monokines that have multiple biological effects, including linfocyte proliferation, production of fever, augmentation of cytotoxicity and production of cytokines. |
| 3972 | 9181927 | The goal of this study is show the response from LPS induced and not peripheral monocytes of superficial bladder cancer patients BCG treated and not, i.e. the levels of TNF alfa, IL-1 and not IL-6. |
| 3973 | 8995646 | For both SIVmac239 and its nef-deleted derivative, strong expression was observed as early as 7 days postinfection for interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and IL-13. |
| 3974 | 8995646 | Primary infection with SIVmac239 was characterized by a higher level of IL-4, IL-10, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, MCP-1, and RANTES gene expression and a lower level of IL-12 and granzyme B gene expression compared with infection with SIVmac239 delta nef. |
| 3975 | 24493438 | Several observations are remarkable: the high efficacy of local cytokines to induce an antitumor response in the absence of systemic toxicity; a surprisingly large number of cytokines possess antitumor activity in this assay (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, TNF, LT, IFN-γ, MCAF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IP-10); and in several models, cytokine-producing tumors were heavily infiltrated by T-lymphocytes that contributed to tumor destruction (for review see ref. 1). |
| 3976 | 24493438 | Currently, three cytokine gene therapy variations with IL-2, IL-4, TNF, IFN-γ, or GM-CSF genes are tested: transfected autologous tumor cells; transfected allogeneic tumor cells; and transfected autologous fibroblasts mixed with tumor cells as vaccine. |
| 3977 | 9620217 | Involvement of MHC class I molecule and ICAM-1 in the enhancement of adhesion and cytotoxic susceptibility to immune effector cells of tumor cells transfected with the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene. |
| 3978 | 9620217 | Involvement of MHC class I molecule and ICAM-1 in the enhancement of adhesion and cytotoxic susceptibility to immune effector cells of tumor cells transfected with the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene. |
| 3979 | 9620217 | Involvement of MHC class I molecule and ICAM-1 in the enhancement of adhesion and cytotoxic susceptibility to immune effector cells of tumor cells transfected with the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene. |
| 3980 | 9620217 | Involvement of MHC class I molecule and ICAM-1 in the enhancement of adhesion and cytotoxic susceptibility to immune effector cells of tumor cells transfected with the interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene. |
| 3981 | 9620217 | To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4- or IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma vaccine, we have analyzed the functional and phenotypic properties of these genetically engineered melanoma cells in the present study. |
| 3982 | 9620217 | To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4- or IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma vaccine, we have analyzed the functional and phenotypic properties of these genetically engineered melanoma cells in the present study. |
| 3983 | 9620217 | To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4- or IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma vaccine, we have analyzed the functional and phenotypic properties of these genetically engineered melanoma cells in the present study. |
| 3984 | 9620217 | To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4- or IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma vaccine, we have analyzed the functional and phenotypic properties of these genetically engineered melanoma cells in the present study. |
| 3985 | 9620217 | Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that both MHC class I and ICAM-1 expression were increased after IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene transfection. |
| 3986 | 9620217 | Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that both MHC class I and ICAM-1 expression were increased after IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene transfection. |
| 3987 | 9620217 | Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that both MHC class I and ICAM-1 expression were increased after IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene transfection. |
| 3988 | 9620217 | Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, we found that both MHC class I and ICAM-1 expression were increased after IL-2, IL-4 or IL-6 gene transfection. |
| 3989 | 9620217 | These results suggested that the decreased tumorigenicity of IL-2-, IL- 4-, and IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma cells may be partly due to the increased sensitivity to effector cell cytotoxicity mediated by increased expression of ICAM-1 or MHC class I molecules on the tumor cell surface after cytokine gene transfection. |
| 3990 | 9620217 | These results suggested that the decreased tumorigenicity of IL-2-, IL- 4-, and IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma cells may be partly due to the increased sensitivity to effector cell cytotoxicity mediated by increased expression of ICAM-1 or MHC class I molecules on the tumor cell surface after cytokine gene transfection. |
| 3991 | 9620217 | These results suggested that the decreased tumorigenicity of IL-2-, IL- 4-, and IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma cells may be partly due to the increased sensitivity to effector cell cytotoxicity mediated by increased expression of ICAM-1 or MHC class I molecules on the tumor cell surface after cytokine gene transfection. |
| 3992 | 9620217 | These results suggested that the decreased tumorigenicity of IL-2-, IL- 4-, and IL-6-gene-transfected B16 melanoma cells may be partly due to the increased sensitivity to effector cell cytotoxicity mediated by increased expression of ICAM-1 or MHC class I molecules on the tumor cell surface after cytokine gene transfection. |
| 3993 | 9408967 | Recent evidence suggests that cytokine combinations, such as IL-2, IL-6, and TNF alpha, can activate both naive and memory T cells in vitro. |
| 3994 | 9285313 | Influence of some immune factors on the IL-6 and soluble IL-2 receptors in haemodialysed patients. |
| 3995 | 9285313 | Influence of some immune factors on the IL-6 and soluble IL-2 receptors in haemodialysed patients. |
| 3996 | 9285313 | Influence of some immune factors on the IL-6 and soluble IL-2 receptors in haemodialysed patients. |
| 3997 | 9285313 | The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of uraemic and haemodialysis factors on the interleukin-6 and interleukin-2 soluble receptor levels and the reactivity after influenza vaccination. |
| 3998 | 9285313 | The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of uraemic and haemodialysis factors on the interleukin-6 and interleukin-2 soluble receptor levels and the reactivity after influenza vaccination. |
| 3999 | 9285313 | The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of uraemic and haemodialysis factors on the interleukin-6 and interleukin-2 soluble receptor levels and the reactivity after influenza vaccination. |
| 4000 | 9285313 | We have found that IL-6 and IL-2 receptor levels were statistically significantly elevated (98.8 +/- 39 pg/ml and 1557 +/- 544 U/ml, respectively) in serum of haemodialysed patients. |
| 4001 | 9285313 | We have found that IL-6 and IL-2 receptor levels were statistically significantly elevated (98.8 +/- 39 pg/ml and 1557 +/- 544 U/ml, respectively) in serum of haemodialysed patients. |
| 4002 | 9285313 | We have found that IL-6 and IL-2 receptor levels were statistically significantly elevated (98.8 +/- 39 pg/ml and 1557 +/- 544 U/ml, respectively) in serum of haemodialysed patients. |
| 4003 | 9285313 | We conclude that the interleukin disturbance and the elevated interleukin-2 receptor levels together with the presence of circulating immune complexes can influence in some way the immune response of haemodialysed patients. |
| 4004 | 9285313 | We conclude that the interleukin disturbance and the elevated interleukin-2 receptor levels together with the presence of circulating immune complexes can influence in some way the immune response of haemodialysed patients. |
| 4005 | 9285313 | We conclude that the interleukin disturbance and the elevated interleukin-2 receptor levels together with the presence of circulating immune complexes can influence in some way the immune response of haemodialysed patients. |
| 4006 | 9109198 | On the basis of these findings, a model system for the delivery of vaccine antigens to the immune system in vaccinia, fowlpox or DNA plasmid vectors along with type-2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-6, as B cell adjuvants is presented. |
| 4007 | 9079743 | The appearance of IL-8 in patients urine after BCG therapy was compared with BCG-induced IL-6 and IL-2 and the stability of IL-8 in urine was tested. |
| 4008 | 9079743 | The appearance of IL-8 in patients urine after BCG therapy was compared with BCG-induced IL-6 and IL-2 and the stability of IL-8 in urine was tested. |
| 4009 | 9079743 | Compared to IL-6 and IL-2, a rapid induction of IL-8 was observed, occurring after the first BCG instillation. |
| 4010 | 9079743 | Compared to IL-6 and IL-2, a rapid induction of IL-8 was observed, occurring after the first BCG instillation. |
| 4011 | 9000497 | The first section delineates the genesis of the inflammatory responses, which initiate with the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8 and continue with the recruitment of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and eosinophils, and later with the development and recruitment of specifically committed cells (lymphocytes sensitized to H pylori antigens and B cells producing immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, and possibly IgE antibodies against a variety of H pylori surface and flagellar proteins as well as bacterial toxins). |
| 4012 | 9010671 | Several cytokines, including IL-2, IL-7, IL-6 and IFN-gamma have been shown to increase the adjuvant activity of liposomes. |
| 4013 | 8906837 | OspA also rapidly up-regulated endothelial cell production of several proteins whose transcription is dependent on NF-kappa B: the cytokine IL-6; the chemokine IL-8; and the adhesion molecules E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. |
| 4014 | 10168565 | Side-effects and combination therapies with IL2, IL6 and gamma I/FN are discussed in this paper. |
| 4015 | 9103075 | Virus vaccines prepared on the basis of cells of mammals (rabies, poliomyelitis, measles and hepatitis A vaccines) contain cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha), whose concentration depends on the kind of the vaccine. |
| 4016 | 9103075 | In Russian and foreign preparations of interferon the presence of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha has been detected; the content of these cytokines is determined by the specific features of the methods used manufacturing these preparations. |
| 4017 | 9014289 | Increases in expression of both IL-4 and IFN-gamma occur following immunization with either Salmonella construct. |
| 4018 | 9014289 | In addition, other cytokines (IL-6, IL-7, IL-12) increase at similar levels in either BRD509 or KR1 dosed animals. |
| 4019 | 9014289 | Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-alpha are also present but unchanged at early time points (6, 24, and 72 hours), increasing only after 7 days postimmunization. |
| 4020 | 8988846 | Th1 cells have been characterised by the production of gamma-interferon, interleukin (IL)-2, tumour necrosis factor-beta (lymphotoxin-alpha) and the ability to mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, and Th2 cells by their production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 and the ability to stimulate production of mast cells, eosinophils and IgE. |
| 4021 | 8890192 | Accessory function could also be provided by the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-4, or IL-5 but not IL-2 or IL-6. |
| 4022 | 9026853 | It has recently been shown that serum levels of many cytokines are elevated in patients with CMPD and probably contribute to enhance proliferation of the malignant clones; on the other hand interleukin-6 seems to account for reactive thrombocytosis, and significant amounts of circulating interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 have been detected in IgA-deficient patients. |
| 4023 | 8898937 | The outer surface lipoprotein OspA of Borrelia burgdorferi provides co-stimulatory signals to normal human peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. |
| 4024 | 8898937 | The outer surface lipoprotein OspA of Borrelia burgdorferi provides co-stimulatory signals to normal human peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. |
| 4025 | 8898937 | Furthermore, incubation of CD2+ T cells or selected CD4+ as well as CD8+ subpopulations with rlip-OspA, but not with rNS1-OspA led to the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not IL-4. |
| 4026 | 8898937 | Furthermore, incubation of CD2+ T cells or selected CD4+ as well as CD8+ subpopulations with rlip-OspA, but not with rNS1-OspA led to the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not IL-4. |
| 4027 | 8898937 | In contrast, co-stimulation of the respective T cell populations with anti-CD28 antibodies resulted in the generation of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and TNF-alpha, but not IL-6. |
| 4028 | 8898937 | In contrast, co-stimulation of the respective T cell populations with anti-CD28 antibodies resulted in the generation of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and TNF-alpha, but not IL-6. |
| 4029 | 8898937 | In light of the fact that inflamed tissues of B. burgdorferi-infected hosts contain blood leukocytes together with spirochetes, their degradation products, or both, these results suggest that infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of any specificities, including spirochetes, autoantigens, or both, participate in the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. |
| 4030 | 8898937 | In light of the fact that inflamed tissues of B. burgdorferi-infected hosts contain blood leukocytes together with spirochetes, their degradation products, or both, these results suggest that infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of any specificities, including spirochetes, autoantigens, or both, participate in the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. |
| 4031 | 8894351 | More recently, cells other than CD4+ T cells, including CD8+ T cells, monocytes, NK cells, B cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, and other cells, have been shown to be capable of producing "Th1" and "Th2" cytokines. |
| 4032 | 8894351 | In this review, we examine the literature on human diseases, using the nomenclature of type 1 (Th1-like) and type 2 (Th2-like) cytokines, which includes all cell types producing these cytokines rather than only CD4+ T cells. |
| 4033 | 8894351 | Type 1 cytokines include interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor beta, while type 2 cytokines include IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13. |
| 4034 | 8894351 | For example, gamma interferon and IL-12 decrease the levels of type 2 cytokines whereas IL-4 and IL-10 decrease the levels of type 1 cytokines. |
| 4035 | 8839846 | Here, we show that the sequential use of early-acting hematopoietic growth factors, stem cell factor, interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-6, followed on day 8 by differentiation in the two-factor combination IL-4 plus granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (CC4GM) is more efficient and allows the cells to be arrested in the LC stage for more than 1 week while continuous maturation occurs in CC7-7. |
| 4036 | 8839846 | LC were CD1a+2 DR+2, CD23+, CD36+, CD80-, CD86-, and CD25-, while DC were CD1a+/- DR+3, CD23-, CD36-, CD80+, CD86+2, and CD25+, CD40 and CD32 were moderately expressed and nearly unchanged on maturation, in contrast to monocyte-derived DC. |
| 4037 | 8816812 | To determine what barriers the "immunologically privileged" CNS would pose to cytokine-assisted tumor vaccines and what cytokines would be most efficacious against tumors within the CNS, we irradiated B16 murine melanoma cells producing murine interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, gamma-interferon, or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and used these cells as subcutaneous vaccines against tumors within the brain. |
| 4038 | 8816812 | To determine what barriers the "immunologically privileged" CNS would pose to cytokine-assisted tumor vaccines and what cytokines would be most efficacious against tumors within the CNS, we irradiated B16 murine melanoma cells producing murine interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, gamma-interferon, or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and used these cells as subcutaneous vaccines against tumors within the brain. |
| 4039 | 8816812 | Under conditions where untransfected B16 cells had no effect, cells producing IL-3, IL-6, or GM-CSF increased the survival of mice challenged with viable B16 cells in the brain. |
| 4040 | 8816812 | Under conditions where untransfected B16 cells had no effect, cells producing IL-3, IL-6, or GM-CSF increased the survival of mice challenged with viable B16 cells in the brain. |
| 4041 | 8816812 | Vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-4 or gamma-interferon had no effect, and vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-2 decreased survival time. |
| 4042 | 8816812 | Vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-4 or gamma-interferon had no effect, and vaccination with B16 cells producing IL-2 decreased survival time. |
| 4043 | 8816812 | The response elicited by GM-CSF-producing vaccines was found to be specific to tumor type and to be abrogated by depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 4044 | 8816812 | The response elicited by GM-CSF-producing vaccines was found to be specific to tumor type and to be abrogated by depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 4045 | 8816812 | Unlike the immunity generated against subcutaneous tumors by GM-CSF, however, the effector responses generated against tumors in the CNS were not dependent on CD4+ cells. |
| 4046 | 8816812 | Unlike the immunity generated against subcutaneous tumors by GM-CSF, however, the effector responses generated against tumors in the CNS were not dependent on CD4+ cells. |
| 4047 | 8964084 | CT induced production of immunostimulating (IL-1 beta and IL-6) and immunosuppressive (IL-10) cytokines by PBMC. |
| 4048 | 8964084 | CT induced production of immunostimulating (IL-1 beta and IL-6) and immunosuppressive (IL-10) cytokines by PBMC. |
| 4049 | 8964084 | CT induced production of immunostimulating (IL-1 beta and IL-6) and immunosuppressive (IL-10) cytokines by PBMC. |
| 4050 | 8964084 | However, the dose-response curve of its cytokine-inducing activity did not correlate well with the concentrations of intracellular cAMP generated by varying doses of CT. the CT mode of action on human PBMC, regarding induction of these cytokines, was clarified by the use of inhibitors of adenyl cyclase, protein kinase A (PKA), and protein kinase C (PKC). 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine, which inhibits adenyl cyclase activity, reduced IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 levels by 29, 15, and 28% respectively. |
| 4051 | 8964084 | However, the dose-response curve of its cytokine-inducing activity did not correlate well with the concentrations of intracellular cAMP generated by varying doses of CT. the CT mode of action on human PBMC, regarding induction of these cytokines, was clarified by the use of inhibitors of adenyl cyclase, protein kinase A (PKA), and protein kinase C (PKC). 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine, which inhibits adenyl cyclase activity, reduced IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 levels by 29, 15, and 28% respectively. |
| 4052 | 8964084 | However, the dose-response curve of its cytokine-inducing activity did not correlate well with the concentrations of intracellular cAMP generated by varying doses of CT. the CT mode of action on human PBMC, regarding induction of these cytokines, was clarified by the use of inhibitors of adenyl cyclase, protein kinase A (PKA), and protein kinase C (PKC). 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine, which inhibits adenyl cyclase activity, reduced IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 levels by 29, 15, and 28% respectively. |
| 4053 | 8964084 | HA1004, an inhibitor of PKA, reduced the IL-1 and IL-6 levels by 29 and 27%, respectively. |
| 4054 | 8964084 | HA1004, an inhibitor of PKA, reduced the IL-1 and IL-6 levels by 29 and 27%, respectively. |
| 4055 | 8964084 | HA1004, an inhibitor of PKA, reduced the IL-1 and IL-6 levels by 29 and 27%, respectively. |
| 4056 | 8759713 | Moreover, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells show equivalent levels of apoptosis. |
| 4057 | 8759713 | Moreover, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells show equivalent levels of apoptosis. |
| 4058 | 8759713 | Lastly, this apoptosis can be prevented by the addition of excess IL-2 or by conditions promoting a high level of IL-2 production (TCR-independent stimulation, anti-CD28 mAb, or exogenous IL-6) by neonatal T cells. |
| 4059 | 8759713 | Lastly, this apoptosis can be prevented by the addition of excess IL-2 or by conditions promoting a high level of IL-2 production (TCR-independent stimulation, anti-CD28 mAb, or exogenous IL-6) by neonatal T cells. |
| 4060 | 8759713 | However, IL-2 alone is not sufficient to support functional rescue from apoptosis; only IL-6 supports the ability of these cells both to survive and to mount vigorous secondary responses. |
| 4061 | 8759713 | However, IL-2 alone is not sufficient to support functional rescue from apoptosis; only IL-6 supports the ability of these cells both to survive and to mount vigorous secondary responses. |
| 4062 | 8817827 | We used these potent immunogens to monitor local and systemic immune responses following oral immunization of BALB/c mice, and compared their action on the following: (a) immunoglobulin production rates (IgG, IgM and IgA) in mucosal inductive (Peyer's patches-PPs), effector (intestinal lamina propria-LP, respiratory tract) and systemic (spleen) sites; (b) analysis of systemic antigen-specific antibodies (IgG subclasses, IgA and IgE); (c) time monitoring of fecal anti-CT and anti-LT antibodies, and (d) in vivo relevance of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to mucosal responses. |
| 4063 | 8817827 | Furthermore, oral immunization with CT and LT induced elevated serum titers of IgG1 followed by IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 and IgA, while high antigen-specific IgA and IgG1 responses were found in fecal extracts. |
| 4064 | 8706049 | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus interleukin-2 and/or granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor enhances immunocompetent cell production of interferon-gamma, which inhibits B16F10 melanoma cell growth in vitro. |
| 4065 | 8706049 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha was substantially weaker (IC50 > 10 ng/ml) but provided synergy with IFN gamma. |
| 4066 | 8706049 | None of the other cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, or granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor had direct antitumor activity against B16F10 melanoma cells. |
| 4067 | 8706049 | However, when IL-2 and/or GM-CSF were combined with BCG either by exogenous addition or through endogenous production by novel cytokine-secreting recombinant BCG (rBCG), a substantial increase in INF gamma production by splenocytes was observed. |
| 4068 | 8706049 | These results suggest that BCG may exert part of its antitumor action on melanoma through the induction of IFN gamma, which can be greatly enhanced through the concomitant addition of IL-2 and/or GM-CSF. |
| 4069 | 9156803 | Enhanced efficacy of combination of IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells in the treatment of established metastatic tumors. |
| 4070 | 9156803 | Enhanced efficacy of combination of IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells in the treatment of established metastatic tumors. |
| 4071 | 9156803 | Enhanced efficacy of combination of IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells in the treatment of established metastatic tumors. |
| 4072 | 9156803 | Enhanced efficacy of combination of IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells in the treatment of established metastatic tumors. |
| 4073 | 9156803 | Enhanced efficacy of combination of IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells in the treatment of established metastatic tumors. |
| 4074 | 9156803 | Enhanced efficacy of combination of IL-2 gene and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells in the treatment of established metastatic tumors. |
| 4075 | 9156803 | IL-2 and IL-6 are important cytokines which have potent antitumor effects and can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 4076 | 9156803 | IL-2 and IL-6 are important cytokines which have potent antitumor effects and can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 4077 | 9156803 | IL-2 and IL-6 are important cytokines which have potent antitumor effects and can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 4078 | 9156803 | IL-2 and IL-6 are important cytokines which have potent antitumor effects and can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 4079 | 9156803 | IL-2 and IL-6 are important cytokines which have potent antitumor effects and can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 4080 | 9156803 | IL-2 and IL-6 are important cytokines which have potent antitumor effects and can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 4081 | 9156803 | IL-2 gene or IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells exhibited reduced tumorigenicity and decreased metastatic potential. |
| 4082 | 9156803 | IL-2 gene or IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells exhibited reduced tumorigenicity and decreased metastatic potential. |
| 4083 | 9156803 | IL-2 gene or IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells exhibited reduced tumorigenicity and decreased metastatic potential. |
| 4084 | 9156803 | IL-2 gene or IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells exhibited reduced tumorigenicity and decreased metastatic potential. |
| 4085 | 9156803 | IL-2 gene or IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells exhibited reduced tumorigenicity and decreased metastatic potential. |
| 4086 | 9156803 | IL-2 gene or IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells exhibited reduced tumorigenicity and decreased metastatic potential. |
| 4087 | 9156803 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-, IL-6 gene-modified tumor vaccines, the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice were treated with inactivated IL-2 gene-transfected tumor cells and inactivated IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells. |
| 4088 | 9156803 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-, IL-6 gene-modified tumor vaccines, the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice were treated with inactivated IL-2 gene-transfected tumor cells and inactivated IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells. |
| 4089 | 9156803 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-, IL-6 gene-modified tumor vaccines, the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice were treated with inactivated IL-2 gene-transfected tumor cells and inactivated IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells. |
| 4090 | 9156803 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-, IL-6 gene-modified tumor vaccines, the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice were treated with inactivated IL-2 gene-transfected tumor cells and inactivated IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells. |
| 4091 | 9156803 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-, IL-6 gene-modified tumor vaccines, the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice were treated with inactivated IL-2 gene-transfected tumor cells and inactivated IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells. |
| 4092 | 9156803 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 gene-, IL-6 gene-modified tumor vaccines, the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice were treated with inactivated IL-2 gene-transfected tumor cells and inactivated IL-6 gene-transfected tumor cells. |
| 4093 | 9156803 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene transfected vaccine alone. |
| 4094 | 9156803 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene transfected vaccine alone. |
| 4095 | 9156803 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene transfected vaccine alone. |
| 4096 | 9156803 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene transfected vaccine alone. |
| 4097 | 9156803 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene transfected vaccine alone. |
| 4098 | 9156803 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene transfected vaccine alone. |
| 4099 | 9156803 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more effective activation of specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses. |
| 4100 | 9156803 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more effective activation of specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses. |
| 4101 | 9156803 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more effective activation of specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses. |
| 4102 | 9156803 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more effective activation of specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses. |
| 4103 | 9156803 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more effective activation of specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses. |
| 4104 | 9156803 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more effective activation of specific and non-specific antitumor immune responses. |
| 4105 | 8613355 | Oral immunization of interleukin-4 (IL-4) knockout mice with a recombinant Salmonella strain or cholera toxin reveals that CD4+ Th2 cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with mucosal immunoglobulin A responses. |
| 4106 | 8613355 | Oral immunization of interleukin-4 (IL-4) knockout mice with a recombinant Salmonella strain or cholera toxin reveals that CD4+ Th2 cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with mucosal immunoglobulin A responses. |
| 4107 | 8613355 | Oral immunization of interleukin-4 (IL-4) knockout mice with a recombinant Salmonella strain or cholera toxin reveals that CD4+ Th2 cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with mucosal immunoglobulin A responses. |
| 4108 | 8613355 | Oral immunization of interleukin-4 (IL-4) knockout mice with a recombinant Salmonella strain or cholera toxin reveals that CD4+ Th2 cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with mucosal immunoglobulin A responses. |
| 4109 | 8613355 | TT-specific CD4+ T cells from spleen or Peyer's patches produced gamma interferon, indicative of Th1 responses; however, IL-6 and IL-10 were also seen. |
| 4110 | 8613355 | TT-specific CD4+ T cells from spleen or Peyer's patches produced gamma interferon, indicative of Th1 responses; however, IL-6 and IL-10 were also seen. |
| 4111 | 8613355 | TT-specific CD4+ T cells from spleen or Peyer's patches produced gamma interferon, indicative of Th1 responses; however, IL-6 and IL-10 were also seen. |
| 4112 | 8613355 | TT-specific CD4+ T cells from spleen or Peyer's patches produced gamma interferon, indicative of Th1 responses; however, IL-6 and IL-10 were also seen. |
| 4113 | 8613355 | Oral immunization of IL-4-/- mice with TT and CT induced weak mucosal IgA to TT; however, brisk IgA anti-CT-B responses and CT-B-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 were also noted. |
| 4114 | 8613355 | Oral immunization of IL-4-/- mice with TT and CT induced weak mucosal IgA to TT; however, brisk IgA anti-CT-B responses and CT-B-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 were also noted. |
| 4115 | 8613355 | Oral immunization of IL-4-/- mice with TT and CT induced weak mucosal IgA to TT; however, brisk IgA anti-CT-B responses and CT-B-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 were also noted. |
| 4116 | 8613355 | Oral immunization of IL-4-/- mice with TT and CT induced weak mucosal IgA to TT; however, brisk IgA anti-CT-B responses and CT-B-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 were also noted. |
| 4117 | 8613355 | These result suggest that certain cytokines, i.e., IL-6 and IL-10 from Th2-type cells, play an important compensatory role in the induction and regulation of mucosal IgA responses. |
| 4118 | 8613355 | These result suggest that certain cytokines, i.e., IL-6 and IL-10 from Th2-type cells, play an important compensatory role in the induction and regulation of mucosal IgA responses. |
| 4119 | 8613355 | These result suggest that certain cytokines, i.e., IL-6 and IL-10 from Th2-type cells, play an important compensatory role in the induction and regulation of mucosal IgA responses. |
| 4120 | 8613355 | These result suggest that certain cytokines, i.e., IL-6 and IL-10 from Th2-type cells, play an important compensatory role in the induction and regulation of mucosal IgA responses. |
| 4121 | 8610165 | Caregivers also had lower levels of in vitro virus-specific-induced interleukin 2 levels and interleukin 1beta; interleukin 6 did not differ between groups. |
| 4122 | 8782352 | Biodegradable microparticles (MPs) were prepared to contain dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-6. |
| 4123 | 8666893 | Impaired neutrophil response and CD4+ T helper cell 1 development in interleukin 6-deficient mice infected with Candida albicans. |
| 4124 | 8666893 | Impaired neutrophil response and CD4+ T helper cell 1 development in interleukin 6-deficient mice infected with Candida albicans. |
| 4125 | 8666893 | Impaired neutrophil response and CD4+ T helper cell 1 development in interleukin 6-deficient mice infected with Candida albicans. |
| 4126 | 8666893 | In response to systemic challenge with a live vaccine strain of yeast, IL-6-deficient mice failed to mount Th1-associated protective immunity, but the resulting Th2-biased response could be redirected to the Th1 phenotype by IL-10 neutralization. |
| 4127 | 8666893 | In response to systemic challenge with a live vaccine strain of yeast, IL-6-deficient mice failed to mount Th1-associated protective immunity, but the resulting Th2-biased response could be redirected to the Th1 phenotype by IL-10 neutralization. |
| 4128 | 8666893 | In response to systemic challenge with a live vaccine strain of yeast, IL-6-deficient mice failed to mount Th1-associated protective immunity, but the resulting Th2-biased response could be redirected to the Th1 phenotype by IL-10 neutralization. |
| 4129 | 8666893 | IL-6 seems to oppose the Th2-promoting role of IL-10 in candidiasis, its early regulatory activity involving effects on neutrophil function. |
| 4130 | 8666893 | IL-6 seems to oppose the Th2-promoting role of IL-10 in candidiasis, its early regulatory activity involving effects on neutrophil function. |
| 4131 | 8666893 | IL-6 seems to oppose the Th2-promoting role of IL-10 in candidiasis, its early regulatory activity involving effects on neutrophil function. |
| 4132 | 9206037 | In the present study, we investigated the effects on hematopoiesis of inactivated vaccines prepared from mouse erythroid leukemia cells (FBL-3) transfected with IL-6 gene. |
| 4133 | 9206037 | In the present study, we investigated the effects on hematopoiesis of inactivated vaccines prepared from mouse erythroid leukemia cells (FBL-3) transfected with IL-6 gene. |
| 4134 | 9206037 | After treatment with IL-6 gene-transfected FBL-3 cells, the platelet count in mice started to increase at day 4, reached its maximum at day 10 and lasted for 25 days. |
| 4135 | 9206037 | After treatment with IL-6 gene-transfected FBL-3 cells, the platelet count in mice started to increase at day 4, reached its maximum at day 10 and lasted for 25 days. |
| 4136 | 8901428 | The consequences of complexing an antigen with specific antibodies upon the antigen-induced immune response were studied with respect to secretion of interleukin-2 (IL2), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-10 (IL10) and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma). |
| 4137 | 8901428 | The consequences of complexing an antigen with specific antibodies upon the antigen-induced immune response were studied with respect to secretion of interleukin-2 (IL2), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-10 (IL10) and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma). |
| 4138 | 8901428 | While tetanus toxoid antigen alone induced a typical Th1-like cytokine pattern with high levels of IL2 and IFN gamma, equivalent or antibody-excess immune complexes induced a marked secretion of IL6 and IL10 while failing to induce IL2 and IFN gamma secretion. |
| 4139 | 8901428 | While tetanus toxoid antigen alone induced a typical Th1-like cytokine pattern with high levels of IL2 and IFN gamma, equivalent or antibody-excess immune complexes induced a marked secretion of IL6 and IL10 while failing to induce IL2 and IFN gamma secretion. |
| 4140 | 8861035 | Production and specificity of antibodies, cytotoxic responses of macrophages and NK-cells, spontaneous production ex vivo of cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha in spleen cell cultures in C3H/HeJ (Lps(d)) mice in comparison with C3H/HeN (Lps(n)) mice were tested. |
| 4141 | 8687110 | Both cell lines were transduced retrovirally to secrete interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, respectively. |
| 4142 | 8605926 | CD34+ cells were cultured ex vivo in medium containing stem cell factor, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-3, IL-6, and erythropoietin (EPO). |
| 4143 | 8568254 | CD4+ T cells produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 as well as IL-10, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 4144 | 8568254 | CD4+ T cells produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 as well as IL-10, but not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 4145 | 8568254 | Although IL-6 was elevated, further purification of cells from in vitro cultures into CD4+ Mac-1- T cells and Mac-1+ CD4- cells revealed that only the latter cell population had consistently elevated IL-6 gene expression, whereas both sorted populations exhibited increased IFN-gamma and IL-10 gene expression. |
| 4146 | 8568254 | Although IL-6 was elevated, further purification of cells from in vitro cultures into CD4+ Mac-1- T cells and Mac-1+ CD4- cells revealed that only the latter cell population had consistently elevated IL-6 gene expression, whereas both sorted populations exhibited increased IFN-gamma and IL-10 gene expression. |
| 4147 | 8568254 | Our results are consistent with the suggestion that Ag-specific Th1 cells and their derived cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-2, and Th2-derived IL-10 together with IL-6 produced by macrophages provide important signals for the development of mucosal IgA and serum IgG subclass responses in the absence of preferential expression of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 4148 | 8568254 | Our results are consistent with the suggestion that Ag-specific Th1 cells and their derived cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-2, and Th2-derived IL-10 together with IL-6 produced by macrophages provide important signals for the development of mucosal IgA and serum IgG subclass responses in the absence of preferential expression of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. |
| 4149 | 8611017 | On the other hand, oral immunization with rSalmonella expressing Tox C results in Th1-type responses as well as Th2 cell-derived IL-10 and macrophage-derived IL-6, which correlate with mucosal IgA and serum IgG2a antibody responses. |
| 4150 | 8611017 | On the other hand, oral immunization with rSalmonella expressing Tox C results in Th1-type responses as well as Th2 cell-derived IL-10 and macrophage-derived IL-6, which correlate with mucosal IgA and serum IgG2a antibody responses. |
| 4151 | 8611017 | Two major conclusions can be drawn from our studies with these two regimens in normal, IFN-gamma-/-, and IL-4-/- mice. |
| 4152 | 8611017 | Two major conclusions can be drawn from our studies with these two regimens in normal, IFN-gamma-/-, and IL-4-/- mice. |
| 4153 | 8611017 | First, oral administration of rSalmonella, which elicits classical Th1-type responses also induces significant mucosal IgA responses when given to mice with defective Th1- (IFN-gamma-/-) or Th2- (IL-4-/-) cytokine pathways. |
| 4154 | 8611017 | First, oral administration of rSalmonella, which elicits classical Th1-type responses also induces significant mucosal IgA responses when given to mice with defective Th1- (IFN-gamma-/-) or Th2- (IL-4-/-) cytokine pathways. |
| 4155 | 8611017 | Interestingly, we detect Th2-type cells producing IL-10 and macrophage-secreting IL-6 in both normal and cytokine-deficient mice, and we postulate that these two cytokines are of most importance for murine IgA responses. |
| 4156 | 8611017 | Interestingly, we detect Th2-type cells producing IL-10 and macrophage-secreting IL-6 in both normal and cytokine-deficient mice, and we postulate that these two cytokines are of most importance for murine IgA responses. |
| 4157 | 8934653 | Induction of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 cytokine mRNA transcription in macrophages was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. |
| 4158 | 8607020 | Studies employing rodent tumor models with little or no intrinsic immunogenicity have shown that genetically modified tumor cell preparations consisting of irradiated tumor cells transduced with and expressing cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or co-stimulatory molecules, such as B7-I, were capable of inducing the regression of preexisting tumors and cure animals from their disease. |
| 4159 | 8717406 | We have used two delivery systems, soluble tetanus toxoid (TT) with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) and recombinant Salmonella expressing Tox C, a fragment of TT, to assess the nature of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells and derived cytokines which support mucosal IgA responses in both normal and cytokine knockout (interferon gamma knockout; IFN-gamma-/- and IL-4-/-) mice. |
| 4160 | 8717406 | We have used two delivery systems, soluble tetanus toxoid (TT) with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) and recombinant Salmonella expressing Tox C, a fragment of TT, to assess the nature of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells and derived cytokines which support mucosal IgA responses in both normal and cytokine knockout (interferon gamma knockout; IFN-gamma-/- and IL-4-/-) mice. |
| 4161 | 8717406 | Whereas TT coadministered with CT induces predominant TT-specific Th2-type responses, rSalmonella delivery of Tox C induced dominant Th1-type responses along with synthesis of the Th2-cytokine IL-10. |
| 4162 | 8717406 | Whereas TT coadministered with CT induces predominant TT-specific Th2-type responses, rSalmonella delivery of Tox C induced dominant Th1-type responses along with synthesis of the Th2-cytokine IL-10. |
| 4163 | 8717406 | Further oral immunization of IFN-gamma-/- and IL-4-/- mice with rSalmonella Tox C also induced macrophage-derived IL-6 and Th2-derived IL-10 as well as S-IgA responses, suggesting that IFN-gamma from Th1-type cells as well as traditional Th2 cells producing IL-4 and IL-5 are not essential for mucosal IgA responses. |
| 4164 | 8717406 | Further oral immunization of IFN-gamma-/- and IL-4-/- mice with rSalmonella Tox C also induced macrophage-derived IL-6 and Th2-derived IL-10 as well as S-IgA responses, suggesting that IFN-gamma from Th1-type cells as well as traditional Th2 cells producing IL-4 and IL-5 are not essential for mucosal IgA responses. |
| 4165 | 8717406 | Rather, induction of second level Th2 cells producing IL-10 together with high levels of IL-6 from other cell sources may be sufficient for mucosal IgA responses in the absence of traditional Th2 cells. |
| 4166 | 8717406 | Rather, induction of second level Th2 cells producing IL-10 together with high levels of IL-6 from other cell sources may be sufficient for mucosal IgA responses in the absence of traditional Th2 cells. |
| 4167 | 9065029 | Two experimental models of immune complexes were used to study the secretion of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha by human monocytes in vitro. |
| 4168 | 9065029 | Two experimental models of immune complexes were used to study the secretion of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha by human monocytes in vitro. |
| 4169 | 9065029 | Two experimental models of immune complexes were used to study the secretion of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha by human monocytes in vitro. |
| 4170 | 9065029 | Immune complexes formed of tetanus toxoid and polyclonal anti-tetanus toxoid antiserum as well as heat-aggregated human serum immunoglobulins induced the release of IL-6 and IL-10 in a dose- and antigen: antibody ratio-dependent manner. |
| 4171 | 9065029 | Immune complexes formed of tetanus toxoid and polyclonal anti-tetanus toxoid antiserum as well as heat-aggregated human serum immunoglobulins induced the release of IL-6 and IL-10 in a dose- and antigen: antibody ratio-dependent manner. |
| 4172 | 9065029 | Immune complexes formed of tetanus toxoid and polyclonal anti-tetanus toxoid antiserum as well as heat-aggregated human serum immunoglobulins induced the release of IL-6 and IL-10 in a dose- and antigen: antibody ratio-dependent manner. |
| 4173 | 9065029 | Additionally, we demonstrated that endogenously synthesized IL-10 limited the immune complex-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta. |
| 4174 | 9065029 | Additionally, we demonstrated that endogenously synthesized IL-10 limited the immune complex-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta. |
| 4175 | 9065029 | Additionally, we demonstrated that endogenously synthesized IL-10 limited the immune complex-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta. |
| 4176 | 8742064 | To investigate the spectrum of cytokines expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), we used a semi-quantitative RT-PCR to determine levels of mRNA coding for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 4177 | 8742064 | While transcripts or IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were either low or not detected in unmanipulated PBMCs, varying levels of IL-1 beta, IL-5, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were readily detected in the same samples. |
| 4178 | 8525336 | Though the relationships among the components of the immune response are complex, it seems likely that in response to mycobacterial infection associated with active disease, cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta are produced; these cytokines serve to recruit more lymphocytes, generally of the T(H) (T helper) phenotype, which then produces substances such as the macrophage activating factor interferon-gamma. |
| 4179 | 8525336 | The role of other cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8, both of which are induced by M. tuberculosis or its cell was components, is less clear. |
| 4180 | 8697988 | FBL-3 Leukemia cells transfected with IL-6 gene were expanded in vitro and inoculated into C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously. |
| 4181 | 8697988 | FBL-3 Leukemia cells transfected with IL-6 gene were expanded in vitro and inoculated into C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously. |
| 4182 | 8697988 | The results demonstrated that inoculation of IL-6 high-secreting FBL-3 inhibited invasiveness of the leukemia cells, suggesting that the IL-6 gene transfected FBL-3 cells can be used as a vaccine to treat leukemia. |
| 4183 | 8697988 | The results demonstrated that inoculation of IL-6 high-secreting FBL-3 inhibited invasiveness of the leukemia cells, suggesting that the IL-6 gene transfected FBL-3 cells can be used as a vaccine to treat leukemia. |
| 4184 | 8573663 | All patients responded with a short pulse of increased synthesis of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 and elevated body temperature for several hours. |
| 4185 | 7585534 | We have analyzed and compared in detail the malignant phenotypes of, the immune mechanisms induced by, and the immunotherapeutic potentials of B16-F10.9 melanoma cells manipulated by gene transfer to express syngeneic H-2Kb molecules or to secrete the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 4186 | 7585534 | We have analyzed and compared in detail the malignant phenotypes of, the immune mechanisms induced by, and the immunotherapeutic potentials of B16-F10.9 melanoma cells manipulated by gene transfer to express syngeneic H-2Kb molecules or to secrete the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 4187 | 7585534 | We have analyzed and compared in detail the malignant phenotypes of, the immune mechanisms induced by, and the immunotherapeutic potentials of B16-F10.9 melanoma cells manipulated by gene transfer to express syngeneic H-2Kb molecules or to secrete the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-6. |
| 4188 | 7585534 | Local tumor growth in the footpad of transduced cells is mainly retarded by expression of H-2Kb and IL-2 genes and less by expression of IL-6. |
| 4189 | 7585534 | Local tumor growth in the footpad of transduced cells is mainly retarded by expression of H-2Kb and IL-2 genes and less by expression of IL-6. |
| 4190 | 7585534 | Local tumor growth in the footpad of transduced cells is mainly retarded by expression of H-2Kb and IL-2 genes and less by expression of IL-6. |
| 4191 | 7585534 | After i.v. inoculation, mice given injections of F10.9-Kb expressors did not develop experimental lung metastases; mice given injections of F10.9-IL-6 secretors developed reduced metastatic loads; whereas mice given injections of F10.9-IL-2 secretors developed high loads of lung metastases. |
| 4192 | 7585534 | After i.v. inoculation, mice given injections of F10.9-Kb expressors did not develop experimental lung metastases; mice given injections of F10.9-IL-6 secretors developed reduced metastatic loads; whereas mice given injections of F10.9-IL-2 secretors developed high loads of lung metastases. |
| 4193 | 7585534 | After i.v. inoculation, mice given injections of F10.9-Kb expressors did not develop experimental lung metastases; mice given injections of F10.9-IL-6 secretors developed reduced metastatic loads; whereas mice given injections of F10.9-IL-2 secretors developed high loads of lung metastases. |
| 4194 | 7585534 | On the basis of injections into nude mice, in vivo depletions of CD4+, CD8+, and NK1.1+ cells, and in vitro CTL and natural killer (NK) assays, we show that all F10.9-modified cells induce CD8+ tumor-specific CTL activity and that F10.9-IL-2 secretors also induce nonspecific NK/lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. |
| 4195 | 7585534 | On the basis of injections into nude mice, in vivo depletions of CD4+, CD8+, and NK1.1+ cells, and in vitro CTL and natural killer (NK) assays, we show that all F10.9-modified cells induce CD8+ tumor-specific CTL activity and that F10.9-IL-2 secretors also induce nonspecific NK/lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. |
| 4196 | 7585534 | On the basis of injections into nude mice, in vivo depletions of CD4+, CD8+, and NK1.1+ cells, and in vitro CTL and natural killer (NK) assays, we show that all F10.9-modified cells induce CD8+ tumor-specific CTL activity and that F10.9-IL-2 secretors also induce nonspecific NK/lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. |
| 4197 | 7553882 | We have investigated the role of cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF) in the generation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), within a single tumor system. |
| 4198 | 7553882 | Most cytokines stimulated nonspecific killers, but IL-2 and IL-3 stimulated primary CTL. |
| 4199 | 7553882 | While IFN-gamma alone did not generate primary CTL, coexpression of IFN-gamma with IL-2 resulted in CTL generation. |
| 4200 | 8697075 | [Antitumor effect of interleukin-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine in combination with interleukin-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine]. |
| 4201 | 8697075 | [Antitumor effect of interleukin-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine in combination with interleukin-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine]. |
| 4202 | 8697075 | [Antitumor effect of interleukin-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine in combination with interleukin-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine]. |
| 4203 | 8697075 | [Antitumor effect of interleukin-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine in combination with interleukin-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine]. |
| 4204 | 8697075 | [Antitumor effect of interleukin-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine in combination with interleukin-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine]. |
| 4205 | 8697075 | It has been shown that IL-2 and IL-6 can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 4206 | 8697075 | It has been shown that IL-2 and IL-6 can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 4207 | 8697075 | It has been shown that IL-2 and IL-6 can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 4208 | 8697075 | It has been shown that IL-2 and IL-6 can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 4209 | 8697075 | It has been shown that IL-2 and IL-6 can cooperate to induce immune responses more effectively. |
| 4210 | 8697075 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine gene-transfected tumor vaccines, we treated the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice with IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine. |
| 4211 | 8697075 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine gene-transfected tumor vaccines, we treated the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice with IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine. |
| 4212 | 8697075 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine gene-transfected tumor vaccines, we treated the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice with IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine. |
| 4213 | 8697075 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine gene-transfected tumor vaccines, we treated the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice with IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine. |
| 4214 | 8697075 | In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine gene-transfected tumor vaccines, we treated the experimental pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing mice with IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine. |
| 4215 | 8697075 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene-transfected vaccine alone. |
| 4216 | 8697075 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene-transfected vaccine alone. |
| 4217 | 8697075 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene-transfected vaccine alone. |
| 4218 | 8697075 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene-transfected vaccine alone. |
| 4219 | 8697075 | The CTL activity, NK activity and IL-2-induced LAK activity, IL-2 and TNF secretion from the splenocytes of the above tumor-bearing mice increased more significantly than that of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-2 gene-transfected vaccine or IL-6 gene-transfected vaccine alone. |
| 4220 | 8697075 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more efficient activation of immune functions. |
| 4221 | 8697075 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more efficient activation of immune functions. |
| 4222 | 8697075 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more efficient activation of immune functions. |
| 4223 | 8697075 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more efficient activation of immune functions. |
| 4224 | 8697075 | These results demonstrated that the combined use of IL-2 gene-transfected tumor vaccine and IL-6 gene-transfected tumor vaccine could achieve more potent antitumor effect via more efficient activation of immune functions. |
| 4225 | 7490119 | In addition, Kupffer cells colonized by L-forms constitutively synthesized mRNA for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 4226 | 7492439 | Mice injected subcutaneously three times at 14-day intervals with DRVs containing 15 micrograms of rgp120 plus interleukin 6 (IL-6) or interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) produced significantly greater DTH responses than mice injected with DRVs containing rgp120 alone. |
| 4227 | 7492439 | Mice injected subcutaneously three times at 14-day intervals with DRVs containing 15 micrograms of rgp120 plus interleukin 6 (IL-6) or interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) produced significantly greater DTH responses than mice injected with DRVs containing rgp120 alone. |
| 4228 | 7492439 | Mice injected subcutaneously three times at 14-day intervals with DRVs containing 15 micrograms of rgp120 plus interleukin 6 (IL-6) or interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) produced significantly greater DTH responses than mice injected with DRVs containing rgp120 alone. |
| 4229 | 7492439 | Interleukin 6, but not IFN-gamma, increased the antibody titer to rgp120 when included in the DRVs. |
| 4230 | 7492439 | Interleukin 6, but not IFN-gamma, increased the antibody titer to rgp120 when included in the DRVs. |
| 4231 | 7492439 | Interleukin 6, but not IFN-gamma, increased the antibody titer to rgp120 when included in the DRVs. |
| 4232 | 7492439 | The mice did not develop antibodies to IFN-gamma or IL-6. |
| 4233 | 7492439 | The mice did not develop antibodies to IFN-gamma or IL-6. |
| 4234 | 7492439 | The mice did not develop antibodies to IFN-gamma or IL-6. |
| 4235 | 7583930 | Levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor in serum from humans vaccinated with live, attenuated Francisella tularensis. |
| 4236 | 7583930 | Levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor in serum from humans vaccinated with live, attenuated Francisella tularensis. |
| 4237 | 7583930 | The levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha in serum did not change significantly during the course of immunization with the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis. |
| 4238 | 7583930 | The levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha in serum did not change significantly during the course of immunization with the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis. |
| 4239 | 7583918 | Coincident with the inability to stimulate MHC-matched T cells, there was diminished surface expression of class II MHC antigens and LFA-1-alpha and LFA-3 compared with that in uninfected cells: DR, 2.5 versus 10.6% (mean channel 0.3 versus 1.5); DQ, 1.6 versus 15.6% (mean channel 0.3 versus 3.0); DP, 5.0 versus 30.9% (mean channel 0.3 versus 2.0). |
| 4240 | 7583918 | LFA-1-alpha expression was reduced (13.1 versus 20.0%; mean channel 1.5 versus 2.0) while LFA-3 expression remained the same (22.2 versus 324%; mean channel 3.0 versus 3.3). |
| 4241 | 7583918 | Cytokine secretion was also perturbed, as interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1-alpha) and IL-1-beta production was lost 1 week after infection. |
| 4242 | 7583918 | Production of IL-12 and IL-10 was unchanged, while IL-6 production was increased. |
| 4243 | 7699320 | Poliovirus-specific CD4+ Th1 clones with both cytotoxic and helper activity mediate protective humoral immunity against a lethal poliovirus infection in transgenic mice expressing the human poliovirus receptor. |
| 4244 | 7699320 | The current understanding of the function of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells in immunity to infectious diseases is that Th1 cells, which secrete interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma, induce cellular immune responses, whereas Th2 cells, which secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, provide helper function for humoral immunity. |
| 4245 | 7699320 | We have used a panel of poliovirus-specific murine CD4+ T cell clones and mice transgenic for the human poliovirus receptor to evaluate the role of Th cell subpopulations in protective immunity to poliovirus. |
| 4246 | 7699320 | The majority of T cell clones, as well as polyclonal T cells generated from mice infected or immunized with poliovirus, secreted IL-2 and interferon-gamma, but not IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10, a profile typical of Th1 cells. |
| 4247 | 7882559 | This study concerns the production of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) throughout the six weekly instillations which comprise a therapeutic course. |
| 4248 | 7882559 | This study concerns the production of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) throughout the six weekly instillations which comprise a therapeutic course. |
| 4249 | 7882559 | This study concerns the production of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) throughout the six weekly instillations which comprise a therapeutic course. |
| 4250 | 7882559 | Sequential instillations of BCG induced secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and sICAM-1 into urine. |
| 4251 | 7882559 | Sequential instillations of BCG induced secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and sICAM-1 into urine. |
| 4252 | 7882559 | Sequential instillations of BCG induced secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and sICAM-1 into urine. |
| 4253 | 7882559 | IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) could be detected after the first instillation, whilst others (e.g. |
| 4254 | 7882559 | IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) could be detected after the first instillation, whilst others (e.g. |
| 4255 | 7882559 | IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) could be detected after the first instillation, whilst others (e.g. |
| 4256 | 7882559 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were not detected until after the third or fourth instillation. |
| 4257 | 7882559 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were not detected until after the third or fourth instillation. |
| 4258 | 7882559 | IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were not detected until after the third or fourth instillation. |
| 4259 | 7868226 | Cells from humans, either BCG vaccinated or from countries where leprosy is endemic, were stimulated in vitro with a number of mycobacterial antigens--whole M. leprae, M. leprae cell walls, purified protein derivative of M. tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium bovis BCG--and tested for proliferation and production of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and gamma interferon. |
| 4260 | 7882382 | These cytokines include interleukins IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and also soluble intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1. |
| 4261 | 7822049 | Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 appeared to be under different control. |
| 4262 | 7544769 | We describe immunopathological consequences of this tendency, including a putative role for agalactosyl IgG, and review evidence for involvement of changes in the endocrine system, brought about not only by the cytokine-hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, but also by direct actions on peripheral endocrine organs of excess levels of cytokines such as TNF alpha, TGF beta and IL-6. |
| 4263 | 8584866 | In patients admitted to hospital for CAP, the finding of a low serum albumin level should therefore lead to intensified observation and treatment. |
| 4264 | 8584866 | In patients admitted to hospital for CAP, the finding of a low serum albumin level should therefore lead to intensified observation and treatment. |
| 4265 | 8584866 | In patients admitted to hospital for CAP, the finding of a low serum albumin level should therefore lead to intensified observation and treatment. |
| 4266 | 8584866 | In patients admitted to hospital for CAP, the finding of a low serum albumin level should therefore lead to intensified observation and treatment. |
| 4267 | 8584866 | In 203 hospital-treated patients with CAP, the diagnostic and prognostic value of admission serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein was investigated. |
| 4268 | 8584866 | In 203 hospital-treated patients with CAP, the diagnostic and prognostic value of admission serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein was investigated. |
| 4269 | 8584866 | In 203 hospital-treated patients with CAP, the diagnostic and prognostic value of admission serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein was investigated. |
| 4270 | 8584866 | In 203 hospital-treated patients with CAP, the diagnostic and prognostic value of admission serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein was investigated. |
| 4271 | 8584866 | The highest levels of IL-6 and CRP were found in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, especially when bacteraemic. |
| 4272 | 8584866 | The highest levels of IL-6 and CRP were found in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, especially when bacteraemic. |
| 4273 | 8584866 | The highest levels of IL-6 and CRP were found in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, especially when bacteraemic. |
| 4274 | 8584866 | The highest levels of IL-6 and CRP were found in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, especially when bacteraemic. |
| 4275 | 8584866 | Patients with high IL-6- or CRP levels had longer duration of fever, longer hospital stay, and fewer had recovered clinically or radiographically at follow-up eight weeks after discharge. |
| 4276 | 8584866 | Patients with high IL-6- or CRP levels had longer duration of fever, longer hospital stay, and fewer had recovered clinically or radiographically at follow-up eight weeks after discharge. |
| 4277 | 8584866 | Patients with high IL-6- or CRP levels had longer duration of fever, longer hospital stay, and fewer had recovered clinically or radiographically at follow-up eight weeks after discharge. |
| 4278 | 8584866 | Patients with high IL-6- or CRP levels had longer duration of fever, longer hospital stay, and fewer had recovered clinically or radiographically at follow-up eight weeks after discharge. |
| 4279 | 8584866 | A high IL-6, but not a high CRP, also seemed to be associated with a higher mortality. |
| 4280 | 8584866 | A high IL-6, but not a high CRP, also seemed to be associated with a higher mortality. |
| 4281 | 8584866 | A high IL-6, but not a high CRP, also seemed to be associated with a higher mortality. |
| 4282 | 8584866 | A high IL-6, but not a high CRP, also seemed to be associated with a higher mortality. |
| 4283 | 7983727 | Local expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 correlates with protection against corneal scarring after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1. |
| 4284 | 7983727 | Local expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 correlates with protection against corneal scarring after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1. |
| 4285 | 7983727 | Infiltration into the cornea of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and cells containing various lymphokines was monitored on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 10 postchallenge by immunocytochemistry of corneal sections. |
| 4286 | 7983727 | Infiltration into the cornea of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and cells containing various lymphokines was monitored on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 10 postchallenge by immunocytochemistry of corneal sections. |
| 4287 | 7983727 | In response to the ocular challenge, these mice developed high local levels of infiltrating CD4+ T cells and cells containing interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 4288 | 7983727 | In response to the ocular challenge, these mice developed high local levels of infiltrating CD4+ T cells and cells containing interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 4289 | 7983727 | In contrast, only low levels of infiltrating CD8+ T cells were found, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-containing cells were not present until day 10. gE-vaccinated mice developed neutralizing antibody titers in serum almost as high as those of the KOS-vaccinated mice (> 1:320). |
| 4290 | 7983727 | In contrast, only low levels of infiltrating CD8+ T cells were found, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-containing cells were not present until day 10. gE-vaccinated mice developed neutralizing antibody titers in serum almost as high as those of the KOS-vaccinated mice (> 1:320). |
| 4291 | 7983727 | Compared with KOS-vaccinated mice, the gE-vaccinated mice had a similar pattern of IFN-gamma, but a delay in the appearance of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and IL-4-, IL-6-, and TNF-alpha-containing cells. |
| 4292 | 7983727 | Compared with KOS-vaccinated mice, the gE-vaccinated mice had a similar pattern of IFN-gamma, but a delay in the appearance of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and IL-4-, IL-6-, and TNF-alpha-containing cells. |
| 4293 | 7716458 | Direct effector functions of cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes directly depend on local periparasitic gamma-interferon- and TNF alpha-concentrations. |
| 4294 | 7716458 | Immunological aberrance occurs if locally (cerebral) synthesized Il-10 and Il-6 induce anergistic immunosuppression. |
| 4295 | 7716458 | An experimental vaccine in the mouse demonstrated primary dependence of a protective immune response on CD8+ and CD4+ (Th) cells. |
| 4296 | 7551237 | Induction of enhanced cytokine secretion has been found to involve IFN-alpha/beta, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-1, IL-6, and the 40 kDa chain of IL-12. |
| 4297 | 7499443 | Induction of antitumor immunity and treatment of preestablished tumor by interleukin-6-gene-transfected melanoma cells combined with low-dose interleukin-2. |
| 4298 | 7499443 | Induction of antitumor immunity and treatment of preestablished tumor by interleukin-6-gene-transfected melanoma cells combined with low-dose interleukin-2. |
| 4299 | 7499443 | These data demonstrated that IL-6-gene-transfected cancer vaccine has a potent antitumor effect via efficient induction of antitumor immunity, and a better therapeutic effect could be achieved when the vaccine is combined with low-dose IL-2 as adjuvant. |
| 4300 | 7499443 | These data demonstrated that IL-6-gene-transfected cancer vaccine has a potent antitumor effect via efficient induction of antitumor immunity, and a better therapeutic effect could be achieved when the vaccine is combined with low-dose IL-2 as adjuvant. |
| 4301 | 7711138 | Murine retroviral vectors encoding the human IL-7 gene and the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neoR) were packaged into murine retroviral particles, and supernatants containing these retroviral vectors were used to infect a CD4+ lymphoblastoid cell line. |
| 4302 | 7711138 | Production of IL-4, IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was detected after antigenic stimulation; there was, however, no effect of IL-7 on the pattern or kinetics of cytokine production by these cells. |
| 4303 | 7703440 | Studies employing rodent tumor models with little or no intrinsic immunogenicity have shown that genitically modified tumor cell preparations consisting of irradiated tumor cells transduced with and expressing cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IFN-gamma or GM-CSF were capable of inducing the regression of a preexisting tumor burden and cure animals from their disease. |
| 4304 | 7930610 | Pooled mouse sera were analyzed by ELISA at various times after immunization for IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 4305 | 7930610 | Pooled mouse sera were analyzed by ELISA at various times after immunization for IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 4306 | 7930610 | Pooled mouse sera were analyzed by ELISA at various times after immunization for IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 4307 | 7930610 | Pooled mouse sera were analyzed by ELISA at various times after immunization for IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 4308 | 7930610 | In naive mice, vaccine alone induced low levels of IL-3 and IL-5 only; vaccine plus alum induced a low IL-6 response as well. |
| 4309 | 7930610 | In naive mice, vaccine alone induced low levels of IL-3 and IL-5 only; vaccine plus alum induced a low IL-6 response as well. |
| 4310 | 7930610 | In naive mice, vaccine alone induced low levels of IL-3 and IL-5 only; vaccine plus alum induced a low IL-6 response as well. |
| 4311 | 7930610 | In naive mice, vaccine alone induced low levels of IL-3 and IL-5 only; vaccine plus alum induced a low IL-6 response as well. |
| 4312 | 7930610 | The MF59-based adjuvants significantly increased the IL-5 and IL-6 levels, whereas Quil A LTC induced strong IFN-gamma and measurable IL-2 responses, in addition to moderate IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 4313 | 7930610 | The MF59-based adjuvants significantly increased the IL-5 and IL-6 levels, whereas Quil A LTC induced strong IFN-gamma and measurable IL-2 responses, in addition to moderate IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 4314 | 7930610 | The MF59-based adjuvants significantly increased the IL-5 and IL-6 levels, whereas Quil A LTC induced strong IFN-gamma and measurable IL-2 responses, in addition to moderate IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 4315 | 7930610 | The MF59-based adjuvants significantly increased the IL-5 and IL-6 levels, whereas Quil A LTC induced strong IFN-gamma and measurable IL-2 responses, in addition to moderate IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 4316 | 7930610 | In previously infected mice, MF59 and MF59/MTP-PE were capable of generating IFN-gamma responses, as well as IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 4317 | 7930610 | In previously infected mice, MF59 and MF59/MTP-PE were capable of generating IFN-gamma responses, as well as IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 4318 | 7930610 | In previously infected mice, MF59 and MF59/MTP-PE were capable of generating IFN-gamma responses, as well as IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 4319 | 7930610 | In previously infected mice, MF59 and MF59/MTP-PE were capable of generating IFN-gamma responses, as well as IL-5 and IL-6. |
| 4320 | 7839726 | Moreover, only 45-69 lipopeptide induces the secretion of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha by peritoneal macrophages. |
| 4321 | 7523268 | Administration of whole-cell diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed (DTP vaccine) caused marked depression in the expression of mRNA for isozymes of cytochrome P-450 in the livers of endotoxin-responsive and nonresponsive mice. |
| 4322 | 7523268 | The levels of expression of mRNA for a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible (CYP1A2) and an ethanol-inducible (CYP2E1) form of P-450 were reduced by 70% to 80% 8 to 12 hr after vaccination or Bordetella pertussis endotoxin administration. |
| 4323 | 7523268 | These effects are preceded by marked increases (threefold to sixfold) in mRNA expression for interleukin-6, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in both strains of mice, with maximal increases 1 to 2 hr after injection. |
| 4324 | 7523268 | The finding of increased cytokine mRNA in the livers of mice injected with vaccine supports a role for cytokines as mediators of the decreased levels of cytochrome P-450. |
| 4325 | 7523268 | The temporal relationship of the increased cytokine mRNA expression, increased nitric oxide synthase and decreased expression of P-450 mRNAs suggests a mechanism by which cytokines mediate the induction of nitric oxide synthase, which increases nitric oxide and decreases the activities of some cytochromes P-450. |
| 4326 | 8063416 | PBMC and Mphi from all these donor groups secreted increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 in response to stimulation with formalin-killed spherules (FKS), as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. |
| 4327 | 8063416 | PBMC and Mphi from all these donor groups secreted increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 in response to stimulation with formalin-killed spherules (FKS), as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. |
| 4328 | 8063416 | Viable C. immitis spherules also stimulated PBMC and Mphi from healthy subjects and patients to secrete tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6, although at levels lower than those induced by FKS. |
| 4329 | 8063416 | Viable C. immitis spherules also stimulated PBMC and Mphi from healthy subjects and patients to secrete tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6, although at levels lower than those induced by FKS. |
| 4330 | 7998414 | Liposomal LPS also induced more active accumulation of IFN-gamma in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and less active accumulation of monokines, contributing to the realization of the toxic properties of endotoxin (IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and GM-CSF). |
| 4331 | 7522168 | Response of interleukin-6-deficient mice to tumor necrosis factor-induced metabolic changes and lethality. |
| 4332 | 7522168 | Response of interleukin-6-deficient mice to tumor necrosis factor-induced metabolic changes and lethality. |
| 4333 | 7522168 | Response of interleukin-6-deficient mice to tumor necrosis factor-induced metabolic changes and lethality. |
| 4334 | 7522168 | Response of interleukin-6-deficient mice to tumor necrosis factor-induced metabolic changes and lethality. |
| 4335 | 7522168 | Response of interleukin-6-deficient mice to tumor necrosis factor-induced metabolic changes and lethality. |
| 4336 | 7522168 | Response of interleukin-6-deficient mice to tumor necrosis factor-induced metabolic changes and lethality. |
| 4337 | 7522168 | Response of interleukin-6-deficient mice to tumor necrosis factor-induced metabolic changes and lethality. |
| 4338 | 7522168 | Whether interleukin (IL)-6 contributes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lethal shock or whether, on the contrary, it is part of a protective feedback system, remains unresolved. |
| 4339 | 7522168 | Whether interleukin (IL)-6 contributes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lethal shock or whether, on the contrary, it is part of a protective feedback system, remains unresolved. |
| 4340 | 7522168 | Whether interleukin (IL)-6 contributes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lethal shock or whether, on the contrary, it is part of a protective feedback system, remains unresolved. |
| 4341 | 7522168 | Whether interleukin (IL)-6 contributes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lethal shock or whether, on the contrary, it is part of a protective feedback system, remains unresolved. |
| 4342 | 7522168 | Whether interleukin (IL)-6 contributes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lethal shock or whether, on the contrary, it is part of a protective feedback system, remains unresolved. |
| 4343 | 7522168 | Whether interleukin (IL)-6 contributes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lethal shock or whether, on the contrary, it is part of a protective feedback system, remains unresolved. |
| 4344 | 7522168 | Whether interleukin (IL)-6 contributes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lethal shock or whether, on the contrary, it is part of a protective feedback system, remains unresolved. |
| 4345 | 7522168 | We have tested the susceptibility of these to TNF-induced metabolic changes and lethality in different models, and compared the results with those obtained with IL-6+/+ wild-type mice. |
| 4346 | 7522168 | We have tested the susceptibility of these to TNF-induced metabolic changes and lethality in different models, and compared the results with those obtained with IL-6+/+ wild-type mice. |
| 4347 | 7522168 | We have tested the susceptibility of these to TNF-induced metabolic changes and lethality in different models, and compared the results with those obtained with IL-6+/+ wild-type mice. |
| 4348 | 7522168 | We have tested the susceptibility of these to TNF-induced metabolic changes and lethality in different models, and compared the results with those obtained with IL-6+/+ wild-type mice. |
| 4349 | 7522168 | We have tested the susceptibility of these to TNF-induced metabolic changes and lethality in different models, and compared the results with those obtained with IL-6+/+ wild-type mice. |
| 4350 | 7522168 | We have tested the susceptibility of these to TNF-induced metabolic changes and lethality in different models, and compared the results with those obtained with IL-6+/+ wild-type mice. |
| 4351 | 7522168 | We have tested the susceptibility of these to TNF-induced metabolic changes and lethality in different models, and compared the results with those obtained with IL-6+/+ wild-type mice. |
| 4352 | 7522168 | Furthermore, IL-6(0/0) mice could be equally well desensitized (by IL-1) to TNF/GalN-induced lethality and tolerized to TNF-induced shock as IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4353 | 7522168 | Furthermore, IL-6(0/0) mice could be equally well desensitized (by IL-1) to TNF/GalN-induced lethality and tolerized to TNF-induced shock as IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4354 | 7522168 | Furthermore, IL-6(0/0) mice could be equally well desensitized (by IL-1) to TNF/GalN-induced lethality and tolerized to TNF-induced shock as IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4355 | 7522168 | Furthermore, IL-6(0/0) mice could be equally well desensitized (by IL-1) to TNF/GalN-induced lethality and tolerized to TNF-induced shock as IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4356 | 7522168 | Furthermore, IL-6(0/0) mice could be equally well desensitized (by IL-1) to TNF/GalN-induced lethality and tolerized to TNF-induced shock as IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4357 | 7522168 | Furthermore, IL-6(0/0) mice could be equally well desensitized (by IL-1) to TNF/GalN-induced lethality and tolerized to TNF-induced shock as IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4358 | 7522168 | Furthermore, IL-6(0/0) mice could be equally well desensitized (by IL-1) to TNF/GalN-induced lethality and tolerized to TNF-induced shock as IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4359 | 7522168 | We also observed that, in response to turpentine, TNF or IL-1, IL-6(0/0) mice produced significantly less acute phase proteins (APP) than IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4360 | 7522168 | We also observed that, in response to turpentine, TNF or IL-1, IL-6(0/0) mice produced significantly less acute phase proteins (APP) than IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4361 | 7522168 | We also observed that, in response to turpentine, TNF or IL-1, IL-6(0/0) mice produced significantly less acute phase proteins (APP) than IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4362 | 7522168 | We also observed that, in response to turpentine, TNF or IL-1, IL-6(0/0) mice produced significantly less acute phase proteins (APP) than IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4363 | 7522168 | We also observed that, in response to turpentine, TNF or IL-1, IL-6(0/0) mice produced significantly less acute phase proteins (APP) than IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4364 | 7522168 | We also observed that, in response to turpentine, TNF or IL-1, IL-6(0/0) mice produced significantly less acute phase proteins (APP) than IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4365 | 7522168 | We also observed that, in response to turpentine, TNF or IL-1, IL-6(0/0) mice produced significantly less acute phase proteins (APP) than IL-6+/+ mice. |
| 4366 | 7522168 | In IL-6(0/0) mice, less corticosterone was induced by TNF than in the control mice, while the response to adrenocorticotropic hormone was the same. |
| 4367 | 7522168 | In IL-6(0/0) mice, less corticosterone was induced by TNF than in the control mice, while the response to adrenocorticotropic hormone was the same. |
| 4368 | 7522168 | In IL-6(0/0) mice, less corticosterone was induced by TNF than in the control mice, while the response to adrenocorticotropic hormone was the same. |
| 4369 | 7522168 | In IL-6(0/0) mice, less corticosterone was induced by TNF than in the control mice, while the response to adrenocorticotropic hormone was the same. |
| 4370 | 7522168 | In IL-6(0/0) mice, less corticosterone was induced by TNF than in the control mice, while the response to adrenocorticotropic hormone was the same. |
| 4371 | 7522168 | In IL-6(0/0) mice, less corticosterone was induced by TNF than in the control mice, while the response to adrenocorticotropic hormone was the same. |
| 4372 | 7522168 | In IL-6(0/0) mice, less corticosterone was induced by TNF than in the control mice, while the response to adrenocorticotropic hormone was the same. |
| 4373 | 7522168 | The results indicate that IL-6 is not contributing in a major way to the pathogenesis leading to TNF-induced shock, and that neither IL-6 nor the APP studied are essential for a protective feedback system. |
| 4374 | 7522168 | The results indicate that IL-6 is not contributing in a major way to the pathogenesis leading to TNF-induced shock, and that neither IL-6 nor the APP studied are essential for a protective feedback system. |
| 4375 | 7522168 | The results indicate that IL-6 is not contributing in a major way to the pathogenesis leading to TNF-induced shock, and that neither IL-6 nor the APP studied are essential for a protective feedback system. |
| 4376 | 7522168 | The results indicate that IL-6 is not contributing in a major way to the pathogenesis leading to TNF-induced shock, and that neither IL-6 nor the APP studied are essential for a protective feedback system. |
| 4377 | 7522168 | The results indicate that IL-6 is not contributing in a major way to the pathogenesis leading to TNF-induced shock, and that neither IL-6 nor the APP studied are essential for a protective feedback system. |
| 4378 | 7522168 | The results indicate that IL-6 is not contributing in a major way to the pathogenesis leading to TNF-induced shock, and that neither IL-6 nor the APP studied are essential for a protective feedback system. |
| 4379 | 7522168 | The results indicate that IL-6 is not contributing in a major way to the pathogenesis leading to TNF-induced shock, and that neither IL-6 nor the APP studied are essential for a protective feedback system. |
| 4380 | 7520417 | OspA and OspB also induced the production of high levels (40 to 150 ng/ml) of IFN-gamma in cultures of macrophages incubated with interleukin-2 (IL-2)-elicited cells from normal (T and NK cells) and scid (NK cells) mice but not in macrophages or IL-2-elicited cells cultured individually. |
| 4381 | 7520417 | Reverse transcriptase rapid PCR demonstrated that OspA and sonicated B. burgdorferi stimulated production of several inflammatory cytokines in macrophage cultures, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. |
| 4382 | 7520417 | As tumor necrosis factor alpha, IFN-beta, and IL-12 are potent activators of IFN-gamma production by T and NK cells, their presence in these cocultures could be responsible for the IFN-gamma production. |
| 4383 | 8056039 | Two patterns of cytokine synthesis were induced by TT: (i) T lymphocytes expressed a number of lymphokines (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta), each with distinct kinetics of synthesis. |
| 4384 | 8056039 | Cells producing IL-2, IFN-gamma and particularly TNF-beta dominated this in vitro response. |
| 4385 | 8056039 | The addition of IL-2 to the cultures caused a fourfold increase and a kinetics shift in the production of TNF-beta, which peaked already at 24 h. |
| 4386 | 8056039 | Exogenously added IL-2 also caused a five- to tenfold increase in the number of IL-2 and IFN-gamma producers but no apparent change in the kinetics of intracellular lymphokine appearance. |
| 4387 | 8056039 | (ii) The cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were produced by monocytes. |
| 4388 | 8205557 | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin potentiates monocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1, but not interleukin-6 in bladder cancer patients. |
| 4389 | 8205557 | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin potentiates monocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1, but not interleukin-6 in bladder cancer patients. |
| 4390 | 8205557 | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin potentiates monocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1, but not interleukin-6 in bladder cancer patients. |
| 4391 | 8205557 | Blood was drawn 2 h after the last instillation, and monocytes were isolated (5 x 10(6) cells/ml) and treated, or not, with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (20 microgram/ml) for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. |
| 4392 | 8205557 | Blood was drawn 2 h after the last instillation, and monocytes were isolated (5 x 10(6) cells/ml) and treated, or not, with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (20 microgram/ml) for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. |
| 4393 | 8205557 | Blood was drawn 2 h after the last instillation, and monocytes were isolated (5 x 10(6) cells/ml) and treated, or not, with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (20 microgram/ml) for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. |
| 4394 | 8205557 | Our results clearly show that, after 18 h incubation, macrophages from BCG-treated bladder cancer patients produced from 2.8- to 1.9-fold and from 2.0- to 1.3-fold greater amounts of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha respectively, compared to macrophages from healthy controls, 5-fold higher than bladder cancer patients not treated with BCG. |
| 4395 | 8205557 | Our results clearly show that, after 18 h incubation, macrophages from BCG-treated bladder cancer patients produced from 2.8- to 1.9-fold and from 2.0- to 1.3-fold greater amounts of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha respectively, compared to macrophages from healthy controls, 5-fold higher than bladder cancer patients not treated with BCG. |
| 4396 | 8205557 | Our results clearly show that, after 18 h incubation, macrophages from BCG-treated bladder cancer patients produced from 2.8- to 1.9-fold and from 2.0- to 1.3-fold greater amounts of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha respectively, compared to macrophages from healthy controls, 5-fold higher than bladder cancer patients not treated with BCG. |
| 4397 | 8205557 | In another set of experiments macrophages (5 x 10(6) cells/ml) from healthy subjects were pretreated, or not, with BCG (100 micrograms/ml) overnight and treated, or not, with LPS 20 microgram/ml alone and in combination with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) 250 ng/ml. |
| 4398 | 8205557 | In another set of experiments macrophages (5 x 10(6) cells/ml) from healthy subjects were pretreated, or not, with BCG (100 micrograms/ml) overnight and treated, or not, with LPS 20 microgram/ml alone and in combination with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) 250 ng/ml. |
| 4399 | 8205557 | In another set of experiments macrophages (5 x 10(6) cells/ml) from healthy subjects were pretreated, or not, with BCG (100 micrograms/ml) overnight and treated, or not, with LPS 20 microgram/ml alone and in combination with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) 250 ng/ml. |
| 4400 | 8205557 | The addition of IL-1ra (250 ng/ml) to BCG was not effective, while when IL-1ra was added to BCG plus LPS only a partial inhibition of IL-1 alpha release was found (9.83 ng/ml), compared to BCG plus LPS without IL-1ra (13.71 ng/ml). |
| 4401 | 8205557 | The addition of IL-1ra (250 ng/ml) to BCG was not effective, while when IL-1ra was added to BCG plus LPS only a partial inhibition of IL-1 alpha release was found (9.83 ng/ml), compared to BCG plus LPS without IL-1ra (13.71 ng/ml). |
| 4402 | 8205557 | The addition of IL-1ra (250 ng/ml) to BCG was not effective, while when IL-1ra was added to BCG plus LPS only a partial inhibition of IL-1 alpha release was found (9.83 ng/ml), compared to BCG plus LPS without IL-1ra (13.71 ng/ml). |
| 4403 | 8205557 | The priming effect of BCG exerted on LPS-stimulated monocyte production of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha from bladder cancer patients led us to study the possible modulation of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein in the serum of BCG-treated cancer patients. |
| 4404 | 8205557 | The priming effect of BCG exerted on LPS-stimulated monocyte production of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha from bladder cancer patients led us to study the possible modulation of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein in the serum of BCG-treated cancer patients. |
| 4405 | 8205557 | The priming effect of BCG exerted on LPS-stimulated monocyte production of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha from bladder cancer patients led us to study the possible modulation of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein in the serum of BCG-treated cancer patients. |
| 4406 | 8205557 | We conclude that the beneficial immunotherapeutic effects of BCG in bladder cancer patients are related to its capacity to prime macrophages to enhance the release of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha, but not IL-6 in response to physiological secondary stimuli, or through the direct stimulation of BCG on IL-1 alpha or TNF alpha, which are directly involved in the killing of cancer cells. |
| 4407 | 8205557 | We conclude that the beneficial immunotherapeutic effects of BCG in bladder cancer patients are related to its capacity to prime macrophages to enhance the release of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha, but not IL-6 in response to physiological secondary stimuli, or through the direct stimulation of BCG on IL-1 alpha or TNF alpha, which are directly involved in the killing of cancer cells. |
| 4408 | 8205557 | We conclude that the beneficial immunotherapeutic effects of BCG in bladder cancer patients are related to its capacity to prime macrophages to enhance the release of TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha, but not IL-6 in response to physiological secondary stimuli, or through the direct stimulation of BCG on IL-1 alpha or TNF alpha, which are directly involved in the killing of cancer cells. |
| 4409 | 8195318 | We studied donors' and recipients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and mixed E- (non-T cells) and E+ cells (T cells) spontaneously and after stimulation by TT in the absence or presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 4410 | 8195318 | We studied donors' and recipients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and mixed E- (non-T cells) and E+ cells (T cells) spontaneously and after stimulation by TT in the absence or presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 4411 | 8195318 | In three of seven nonresponders, in vitro anti-TT Ab production was restored after the addition of IL-4 or IL-6 but not IL-2. |
| 4412 | 8195318 | In three of seven nonresponders, in vitro anti-TT Ab production was restored after the addition of IL-4 or IL-6 but not IL-2. |
| 4413 | 7910675 | We have found that the cause of the blunted response to HBV vaccination is multifactorial and seems to be associated with the following: (1) A reduced number of TCR/CD3 antigen receptor complexes on freshly isolated uraemic CD4 T cells, especially in non-responders. (2) The blunted proliferative response of uraemic CD4 T cells isolated from non-responders and stimulated for 6 days by autologous monocytes presenting HBsAg was associated with the decreased density of the TCR/CD3 receptors. (3) Moreover, in uraemic non-responders the expression of adhesion and accessory molecules on monocytes (intercellular adhesion molecule-1/ICAM-1, HLA-DR/Ia/) was significantly decreased following the culture with autologous monocytes serving as HBsAg-presenting cells. |
| 4414 | 7910675 | CD4 molecules and lymphocyte function antigen-1 beta/LFA-1 beta/ on helper-inducer T cells were increased before and after the culture. (4) These findings were also associated with a diminished binding capacity of IL-1 beta and IL-6 to their receptors on helper-inducer T cells. (5) IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production was decreased in uraemic non-responders, especially after 72 h of the culture. (6) Inhibited proliferation of helper-inducer T cells in uraemic non-responders was only partially reversible in the presence of exogenous IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-2 and IFN-gamma. (7) HLA typing of uraemic non-responders was associated with extended haplotype: HLA A1,B8,DR3,DR7,DQ2. |
| 4415 | 7831487 | The expression of the genes for murine interleukin-5 (IL-5) or IL-6 in recombinant vaccinia virus vectors markedly increased IgA reactivity to co-expressed heterologous antigen in the lungs of mice inoculated intranasally with the viruses. |
| 4416 | 16843333 | The in vitro production of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 from whole blood was suppressed by fish oil supplementation, however, production of tumor necrosis factor alpha was not significantly altered. |
| 4417 | 16843333 | The in vitro production of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 from whole blood was suppressed by fish oil supplementation, however, production of tumor necrosis factor alpha was not significantly altered. |
| 4418 | 16843333 | Fish oil supplementation may therefore provide a non-pharmacological approach of attenuating several of the responses associated with injury and infection and this may be related to reduced cytokine (IL-1 and IL-6) production. |
| 4419 | 16843333 | Fish oil supplementation may therefore provide a non-pharmacological approach of attenuating several of the responses associated with injury and infection and this may be related to reduced cytokine (IL-1 and IL-6) production. |
| 4420 | 8288319 | IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) remained undetectable in both instances. |
| 4421 | 8288319 | Spleen cells taken at intervals after infection and cultured with brucella antigens produced high titres of IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-alpha. |
| 4422 | 8288319 | Of the characteristically T-cell-derived lymphokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production rose 2 weeks after infection, peaking at 6 weeks, while IL-2 was not detected until 6 weeks post-infection. |
| 4423 | 8288319 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was produced in substantial amounts, but IL-3 production was minimal. |
| 4424 | 8288319 | In contrast, spleen cells from mice immunized with SBP produced IL-2 but failed to produce IFN-gamma. |
| 4425 | 8406812 | Cytochrome P-450 (P-450) levels were inhibited more than 50% at 7 days following a single injection of PT mixed with either vaccine. |
| 4426 | 8406812 | Cytochrome P-450 (P-450) levels were inhibited more than 50% at 7 days following a single injection of PT mixed with either vaccine. |
| 4427 | 8406812 | Alterations of P-450 levels were accompanied by increased activities of quinone reductase but not with changes in plasma interleukin-6 or tumor necrosis factor levels. |
| 4428 | 8406812 | Alterations of P-450 levels were accompanied by increased activities of quinone reductase but not with changes in plasma interleukin-6 or tumor necrosis factor levels. |
| 4429 | 8406812 | Endotoxin or preparations containing endotoxin caused alterations in hepatic drug metabolism within 24 h, concomitant with increased interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor levels, but these effects had resolved by 1 week. |
| 4430 | 8406812 | Endotoxin or preparations containing endotoxin caused alterations in hepatic drug metabolism within 24 h, concomitant with increased interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor levels, but these effects had resolved by 1 week. |
| 4431 | 8370397 | Moreover, several-fold stronger cytokine production, i.e. interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and interferon-gamma accompanied the enhanced proliferative response of T cells from CT adjuvant-treated mice. |
| 4432 | 8370397 | Phenotypic and functional analyses clearly demonstrated that CT adjuvant primarily enhanced priming of CD4+ rather than CD8+ T cells and the pattern of lymphokine secretion disclosed that CT most probably promoted antigen priming of both Th1 and Th2 type of CD4+ T precursor cells. |
| 4433 | 8359905 | OspA and OspB also stimulated the production of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha by bone marrow-derived macrophages from BALB/c and C3H/HeJ mice. |
| 4434 | 8348563 | Concanavalin-A-induced production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha was detected in more than 70% of the microcultures. |
| 4435 | 8142603 | Data suggest that although the EIA kits that were evaluated for human IL-1 alpha, IFN-gamma, and TNF-beta failed, the EIA kits for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, the bioassays and RT-PCR assays for each of the cytokines were successful in detection and most likely quantitation of the non-human primate cytokine homologues. |
| 4436 | 8357078 | No detectable fluctuations were observed in circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma, or interleukin-6 during the course of this study. |
| 4437 | 8225396 | Thus CD4+ T lymphocytes prepared from mice which had recovered from B. abortus infection, cultured with antigen and antigen presenting cells, resulted in IL-6 production, which was not observed in similarly cultured CD8+ T cells, indicating a role for T cells. |
| 4438 | 8369170 | Two weeks after infection, clones 63 and 30 lost expression of all class II antigens (DR, 81.7 vs. 0%; DQ, 15.6 vs. 0%; and DP, 76.9 vs. 0%) while retaining expression of class I (87.4 vs. 84.1%), LFA-1 (82.4 vs. 83.1%), and LFA-3 (79.1 vs. 74.7%) antigens when compared to uninfected cells. |
| 4439 | 8369170 | Cytokine secretion and antigen processing were also perturbed as production of IL-1 was abolished 2 weeks after infection (although IL-6 secretion was augmented) and infected clone 63 cells failed to process exogenous antigen. |
| 4440 | 8162356 | These Th2 cells are producing cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-6 and these cytokines may direct antigen-specific surface IgA-positive B cells to become IgA-producing plasma cells. |
| 4441 | 8213352 | Interleukin-1 (IL-1) production in a mouse tissue chamber model of inflammation. |
| 4442 | 8213352 | The inflammatory response included influx of leucocytes into the granuloma surrounding the tissue chamber, expression of IL-1 beta on macrophages present in the inflamed tissue and an increase in the mRNA coding for IL-1 beta and IL-6 proteins in the granuloma. |
| 4443 | 8213351 | Interleukin-1 (IL-1) production in a mouse tissue chamber model of inflammation. |
| 4444 | 8213351 | A simple and reliable animal model to quantify interleukin-1 (IL-1) production at a site of inflammation has been developed and characterised. |
| 4445 | 8213351 | The local inflammatory reaction in the chamber, over a 30 day time course, was characterised by leucocyte infiltration, and marked increases in protein, prostaglandin E2, IL-1 and IL-6 concentrations in the chamber fluid. |
| 4446 | 8213351 | A rapid increase in plasma concentrations of the acute-phase reactant serum amyloid P (SAP) also occurred. |
| 4447 | 8514204 | Expression of the cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor, the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and LFA-3 and the class II major histocompatibility molecule HLA-DR by monocytes from the elderly and young subjects was similar. |
| 4448 | 8427035 | Human macrophage responses to vaccine strains of influenza virus: synthesis of viral proteins, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 inhibitor. |
| 4449 | 8427035 | Human macrophage responses to vaccine strains of influenza virus: synthesis of viral proteins, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 inhibitor. |
| 4450 | 8427035 | Cells exposed to the avian-human H1N1 virus showed increased synthesis of viral neuraminidase, previously reported to induce fever-producing cytokines, but no detectable increase in production of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha measured by immunoassay, or decrease in interleukin-1 inhibitor activity by bioassay. |
| 4451 | 8427035 | Cells exposed to the avian-human H1N1 virus showed increased synthesis of viral neuraminidase, previously reported to induce fever-producing cytokines, but no detectable increase in production of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha measured by immunoassay, or decrease in interleukin-1 inhibitor activity by bioassay. |
| 4452 | 8279092 | A 24-h treatment of T24 cells with BCG resulted in a tenfold higher secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) when compared with T24 cells treated with Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis or a cell wall preparation of Nocardia rubra (N-CWS). |
| 4453 | 8279092 | A 24-h treatment of T24 cells with BCG resulted in a tenfold higher secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) when compared with T24 cells treated with Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis or a cell wall preparation of Nocardia rubra (N-CWS). |
| 4454 | 8279092 | A 24-h treatment of T24 cells with BCG resulted in a tenfold higher secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) when compared with T24 cells treated with Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis or a cell wall preparation of Nocardia rubra (N-CWS). |
| 4455 | 8279092 | No secretion of IL-1 beta and IL-2 was detected. |
| 4456 | 8279092 | No secretion of IL-1 beta and IL-2 was detected. |
| 4457 | 8279092 | No secretion of IL-1 beta and IL-2 was detected. |
| 4458 | 8279092 | Pre-exposing T24 cells to BCG for various periods of time indicated that a minimum exposure time of 0.5-1 h was required to upregulate IL-6 and TNF alpha production. |
| 4459 | 8279092 | Pre-exposing T24 cells to BCG for various periods of time indicated that a minimum exposure time of 0.5-1 h was required to upregulate IL-6 and TNF alpha production. |
| 4460 | 8279092 | Pre-exposing T24 cells to BCG for various periods of time indicated that a minimum exposure time of 0.5-1 h was required to upregulate IL-6 and TNF alpha production. |
| 4461 | 8279092 | The amounts of these cytokines secreted in the presence of BCG-conditioned medium did not differ significantly from the constitutively secreted amounts, excluding an effect of products possibly secreted by BCG on the upregulation of IL-6 and TNF alpha. |
| 4462 | 8279092 | The amounts of these cytokines secreted in the presence of BCG-conditioned medium did not differ significantly from the constitutively secreted amounts, excluding an effect of products possibly secreted by BCG on the upregulation of IL-6 and TNF alpha. |
| 4463 | 8279092 | The amounts of these cytokines secreted in the presence of BCG-conditioned medium did not differ significantly from the constitutively secreted amounts, excluding an effect of products possibly secreted by BCG on the upregulation of IL-6 and TNF alpha. |
| 4464 | 8171765 | Albumin and the cytokines interleukin (IL)1 beta, IL2, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) were determined in urine from 20 patients treated with 6 weekly intravesical BCG instillations, collected prior to each instillation and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h thereafter. |
| 4465 | 8171765 | Albumin and the cytokines interleukin (IL)1 beta, IL2, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) were determined in urine from 20 patients treated with 6 weekly intravesical BCG instillations, collected prior to each instillation and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h thereafter. |
| 4466 | 8171765 | A significant correlation between albumin and concentration of the cytokines IL1 beta, IL2, IL6, and TNF alpha was found (P < 0.01), correlation coefficients (r) being 0.56, 0.56, 0.67, and 0.71 (n = 418), respectively. |
| 4467 | 8171765 | A significant correlation between albumin and concentration of the cytokines IL1 beta, IL2, IL6, and TNF alpha was found (P < 0.01), correlation coefficients (r) being 0.56, 0.56, 0.67, and 0.71 (n = 418), respectively. |
| 4468 | 1460090 | The study of monokine secretion by 86HG39 cells showed a strong interleukin (IL)-6 secretion after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, whilst no IL-1 secretion was observed. |
| 4469 | 1500188 | Furthermore, cytochrome P-450 levels were decreased 30 to 40% 24 h after DTP vaccine administration in both R and NR mice, while after LPS administration they were decreased 30% in R mice and less than 10% in NR mice. |
| 4470 | 1500188 | Levels of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 in plasma of R mice were markedly increased after DTP and LPS treatment, while NR mice had reduced increases. |
| 4471 | 1588155 | Interferon-gamma and interleukin-6 augment the human in vitro antibody response to the Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. |
| 4472 | 1354470 | In T cell regulation of IgA synthesis, various cytokines (e.g., TGF-beta, IL-2, IL-5, and IL-6) which are secreted by CD4+ T cells, play important roles for the induction and regulation of IgA isotype switching and terminal differentiation of sIgA+ B cells to become IgA producing cells. |
| 4473 | 1540977 | Induction of urinary interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor during intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer. |
| 4474 | 1540977 | Induction of urinary interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor during intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer. |
| 4475 | 1540977 | Induction of urinary interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor during intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer. |
| 4476 | 1540977 | Induction of urinary interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor during intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer. |
| 4477 | 1540977 | Induction of urinary interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor during intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer. |
| 4478 | 1540977 | Induction of urinary interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor during intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer. |
| 4479 | 1540977 | To study the local immunological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial bladder cancer patients, the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was investigated in the urine. |
| 4480 | 1540977 | To study the local immunological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial bladder cancer patients, the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was investigated in the urine. |
| 4481 | 1540977 | To study the local immunological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial bladder cancer patients, the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was investigated in the urine. |
| 4482 | 1540977 | To study the local immunological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial bladder cancer patients, the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was investigated in the urine. |
| 4483 | 1540977 | To study the local immunological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial bladder cancer patients, the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was investigated in the urine. |
| 4484 | 1540977 | To study the local immunological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial bladder cancer patients, the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) was investigated in the urine. |
| 4485 | 1540977 | Like IL-2, TNF alpha was only detected after repeated BCG instillations. |
| 4486 | 1540977 | Like IL-2, TNF alpha was only detected after repeated BCG instillations. |
| 4487 | 1540977 | Like IL-2, TNF alpha was only detected after repeated BCG instillations. |
| 4488 | 1540977 | Like IL-2, TNF alpha was only detected after repeated BCG instillations. |
| 4489 | 1540977 | Like IL-2, TNF alpha was only detected after repeated BCG instillations. |
| 4490 | 1540977 | Like IL-2, TNF alpha was only detected after repeated BCG instillations. |
| 4491 | 1540977 | With respect to the occurrence of the cytokines during the first 24 h after the BCG instillation, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 were detectable 2 h after the instillation. |
| 4492 | 1540977 | With respect to the occurrence of the cytokines during the first 24 h after the BCG instillation, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 were detectable 2 h after the instillation. |
| 4493 | 1540977 | With respect to the occurrence of the cytokines during the first 24 h after the BCG instillation, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 were detectable 2 h after the instillation. |
| 4494 | 1540977 | With respect to the occurrence of the cytokines during the first 24 h after the BCG instillation, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 were detectable 2 h after the instillation. |
| 4495 | 1540977 | With respect to the occurrence of the cytokines during the first 24 h after the BCG instillation, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 were detectable 2 h after the instillation. |
| 4496 | 1540977 | With respect to the occurrence of the cytokines during the first 24 h after the BCG instillation, TNF, IL-2, and IL-6 were detectable 2 h after the instillation. |
| 4497 | 1540977 | Generally IL-2 was not detectable in the 8-h samples, whereas IL-1 and IL-6 were present up to 8 h after instillation of BCG. |
| 4498 | 1540977 | Generally IL-2 was not detectable in the 8-h samples, whereas IL-1 and IL-6 were present up to 8 h after instillation of BCG. |
| 4499 | 1540977 | Generally IL-2 was not detectable in the 8-h samples, whereas IL-1 and IL-6 were present up to 8 h after instillation of BCG. |
| 4500 | 1540977 | Generally IL-2 was not detectable in the 8-h samples, whereas IL-1 and IL-6 were present up to 8 h after instillation of BCG. |
| 4501 | 1540977 | Generally IL-2 was not detectable in the 8-h samples, whereas IL-1 and IL-6 were present up to 8 h after instillation of BCG. |
| 4502 | 1540977 | Generally IL-2 was not detectable in the 8-h samples, whereas IL-1 and IL-6 were present up to 8 h after instillation of BCG. |
| 4503 | 1540977 | The presence of TNF was found less frequently than the presence of IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6. |
| 4504 | 1540977 | The presence of TNF was found less frequently than the presence of IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6. |
| 4505 | 1540977 | The presence of TNF was found less frequently than the presence of IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6. |
| 4506 | 1540977 | The presence of TNF was found less frequently than the presence of IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6. |
| 4507 | 1540977 | The presence of TNF was found less frequently than the presence of IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6. |
| 4508 | 1540977 | The presence of TNF was found less frequently than the presence of IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6. |
| 4509 | 1540977 | The presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha might suggest activation of macrophages by intravesically administered BCG, although production by other cell types cannot be excluded. |
| 4510 | 1540977 | The presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha might suggest activation of macrophages by intravesically administered BCG, although production by other cell types cannot be excluded. |
| 4511 | 1540977 | The presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha might suggest activation of macrophages by intravesically administered BCG, although production by other cell types cannot be excluded. |
| 4512 | 1540977 | The presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha might suggest activation of macrophages by intravesically administered BCG, although production by other cell types cannot be excluded. |
| 4513 | 1540977 | The presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha might suggest activation of macrophages by intravesically administered BCG, although production by other cell types cannot be excluded. |
| 4514 | 1540977 | The presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha might suggest activation of macrophages by intravesically administered BCG, although production by other cell types cannot be excluded. |
| 4515 | 1465054 | Monocytes fail to elicit adequate help for T cell proliferation despite normal production of Il-1 and Il-6, but they produce elevated amounts of TNF alpha. |
| 4516 | 1426672 | In monocytes/macrophages, lipopeptide stimulate the secretion of IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nitrogen oxide (NO); they also induce tumor cytotoxicity. |
| 4517 | 1342705 | It appears that immune responses that preferentially involve T helper 1 cells (secretors of interleukin-2-and interferon-gamma) tend to be protective, whereas T helper 2 cells (secretors of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10), a population that antagonizes T helper cells, mediate disease susceptibility and are involved in immunopathological reactions. |
| 4518 | 1342705 | Administration of IL-2 and IFN-gamma has beneficial effects in many infections mediated by viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. |
| 4519 | 1295331 | Further, cytokines produced by Th2-type cells (e.g., IL-5 and IL-6) have been shown to induce PP sIgA+ B cells to secrete IgA. |
| 4520 | 1295331 | Further, cytokines produced by Th2-type cells (e.g., IL-5 and IL-6) have been shown to induce PP sIgA+ B cells to secrete IgA. |
| 4521 | 1295331 | Further, cytokines produced by Th2-type cells (e.g., IL-5 and IL-6) have been shown to induce PP sIgA+ B cells to secrete IgA. |
| 4522 | 1295331 | It is tempting to suggest that Th2 cells which produce IL-5 and IL-6 tend to be predominant in mucosal effector regions, such as the salivary glands and LP tissues and account for the predominant IgA responses which characterize these tissues. |
| 4523 | 1295331 | It is tempting to suggest that Th2 cells which produce IL-5 and IL-6 tend to be predominant in mucosal effector regions, such as the salivary glands and LP tissues and account for the predominant IgA responses which characterize these tissues. |
| 4524 | 1295331 | It is tempting to suggest that Th2 cells which produce IL-5 and IL-6 tend to be predominant in mucosal effector regions, such as the salivary glands and LP tissues and account for the predominant IgA responses which characterize these tissues. |
| 4525 | 1295331 | The PP contain B cell subsets which respond to IL-5 and IL-6, and these are largely restricted to the PNALo non-GC (memory) sIgA+ B cells. |
| 4526 | 1295331 | The PP contain B cell subsets which respond to IL-5 and IL-6, and these are largely restricted to the PNALo non-GC (memory) sIgA+ B cells. |
| 4527 | 1295331 | The PP contain B cell subsets which respond to IL-5 and IL-6, and these are largely restricted to the PNALo non-GC (memory) sIgA+ B cells. |
| 4528 | 1810454 | The cytokines IL1, IL2, IL6 and TNF alpha were also increased after BCG instillations. |
| 4529 | 1717561 | CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal involved in antigen-specific IL-2 production by human T cells. |
| 4530 | 1717561 | CD4+ T cells require two signals to produce maximal amounts of IL-2, i.e., TCR occupancy and an unidentified APC-derived costimulus. |
| 4531 | 1717561 | An agonistic anti-CD28 mAb, but not IL-1 and/or IL-6, stimulated T cell proliferation by tetanus toxoid-specific T cells cultured with Ag-pulsed, costimulation-deficient APC. |
| 4532 | 1717561 | Furthermore, the ability of B cell tumor lines to provide costimulatory signals to purified T cells correlated well with expression of the CD28 ligand B7/BB-1. |
| 4533 | 1717561 | Together, these results suggest that the two signals required for IL-2 production by CD4+ T cells can be transduced by the TCR and CD28. |
| 4534 | 2017199 | --is stimulated by PRFs such as interferon-gamma, IL-1, TNF, GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 4535 | 2017199 | --is stimulated by PRFs such as interferon-gamma, IL-1, TNF, GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 4536 | 2017199 | --is stimulated by PRFs such as interferon-gamma, IL-1, TNF, GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 4537 | 2017199 | The activation and expansion of T-lymphocytes requires IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and probably IL-7. |
| 4538 | 2017199 | The activation and expansion of T-lymphocytes requires IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and probably IL-7. |
| 4539 | 2017199 | The activation and expansion of T-lymphocytes requires IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and probably IL-7. |
| 4540 | 2017199 | Likewise, the activation and expansion of B-lymphocytes is regulated by PRFs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and interferon-gamma. |
| 4541 | 2017199 | Likewise, the activation and expansion of B-lymphocytes is regulated by PRFs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and interferon-gamma. |
| 4542 | 2017199 | Likewise, the activation and expansion of B-lymphocytes is regulated by PRFs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7 and interferon-gamma. |
| 4543 | 2017199 | Antibody class is critically influenced by particular PRFs, e.g. interferon-gamma regulates IgG2a; IL-4, IgE and IgG1; IL-5 and TGF-beta, IgA. |
| 4544 | 2017199 | Antibody class is critically influenced by particular PRFs, e.g. interferon-gamma regulates IgG2a; IL-4, IgE and IgG1; IL-5 and TGF-beta, IgA. |
| 4545 | 2017199 | Antibody class is critically influenced by particular PRFs, e.g. interferon-gamma regulates IgG2a; IL-4, IgE and IgG1; IL-5 and TGF-beta, IgA. |
| 4546 | 2017199 | The recruitment and enhanced production and function of granulocytic and phagocytic cells involves a number of T-lymphocyte PRFs including GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 4547 | 2017199 | The recruitment and enhanced production and function of granulocytic and phagocytic cells involves a number of T-lymphocyte PRFs including GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 4548 | 2017199 | The recruitment and enhanced production and function of granulocytic and phagocytic cells involves a number of T-lymphocyte PRFs including GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-6. |
| 4549 | 2017199 | IL-3 induces a mastocytosis and IL-5 an eosinophilia. |
| 4550 | 2017199 | IL-3 induces a mastocytosis and IL-5 an eosinophilia. |
| 4551 | 2017199 | IL-3 induces a mastocytosis and IL-5 an eosinophilia. |
| 4552 | 2478847 | Several such cell lines were found to produce interleukin 6 and, after stimulation, to secrete interleukin 1, tumour necrosis factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 4553 | 2478847 | Several such cell lines were found to produce interleukin 6 and, after stimulation, to secrete interleukin 1, tumour necrosis factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 4554 | 2478847 | High levels of interleukin 6 were detected in several vaccines and rDNA-derived proteins, and certain vaccines contained interleukin 1, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 4555 | 2478847 | High levels of interleukin 6 were detected in several vaccines and rDNA-derived proteins, and certain vaccines contained interleukin 1, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |
| 4556 | 2526739 | Levels of cytokine mRNA coding for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL) 2, IL 1 beta, IL 4 or IL 6 have been measured by Northern blot analysis after antigen stimulation. |
| 4557 | 2526739 | With some variations among donors, antigens clearly induced measurable levels of IFN-gamma, GM-CSF and IL 2 mRNA. |
| 4558 | 6736046 | A heat-labile component which is possibly equivalent with the LPF/HSF/IAP complex, is responsible for persistence of the hypoglycaemia for at least 6 days. |