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10525448
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Interleukin (IL)-18 is a newly discovered cytokine, structurally similar to IL-1, with profound effects on T-cell activation.
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10525448
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Formerly called interferon (IFN) gamma inducing factor (IGIF), IL-18 is the new name of a novel cytokine that plays an important role in the T-cell-helper type 1 (Th1) response, primarily by its ability to induce IFNgamma production in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.
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10525448
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Mice deficient in IL-18 have suppressed IFNgamma production despite the presence of IL-12 IL-18 is related to the IL-1 family in terms of structure, receptor family, and function.
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10525448
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In terms of structure, IL-18 and IL-1beta share primary amino acid sequences of the so-called "signature sequence" motif and are similarly folded as all-beta pleated sheet molecules.
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10525448
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Also similar to IL-1beta, IL-18 is synthesized as a biologically inactive precursor molecule lacking a signal peptide which requires cleavage into an active, mature molecule by the intracellular cysteine protease called IL-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE, also called caspase-1).
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10525448
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The activity of mature IL-18 is closely related to that of IL-1.
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10525448
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IL-18 induces gene expression and synthesis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1, Fas ligand, and several chemokines.
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10525448
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This IL-18R complex is made up of a binding chain termed IL-18Ralpha, a member of the IL-1 receptor family previously identified as the IL-1 receptor-related protein (IL-1Rrp), and a signaling chain, also a member of the IL-1R family.
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10525448
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The IL-18R complex recruits the IL-1R-activating kinase (IRAK) and TNFR-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) which phosphorylates nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-inducing kinase (NIK) with subsequent activation of NFkappaB.
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10525448
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Thus on the basis of primary structure, three-dimensional structure, receptor family, signal transduction pathways and biological effects, IL-18 appears to be a new member of the IL-1 family.
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10525448
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Similar to IL-1, IL-18 participates in both innate and acquired immunity.
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16107720
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CD26 mediates dissociation of Tollip and IRAK-1 from caveolin-1 and induces upregulation of CD86 on antigen-presenting cells.
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16107720
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We have previously reported that the addition of recombinant soluble CD26 resulted in enhanced proliferation of human T lymphocytes induced by the recall antigen tetanus toxoid (TT) via upregulation of CD86 on monocytes and that caveolin-1 was a binding protein of CD26, and the CD26-caveolin-1 interaction resulted in caveolin-1 phosphorylation (p-cav-1) as well as TT-mediated T-cell proliferation.
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16107720
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Through proteomic analysis, we identify Tollip (Toll-interacting protein) and IRAK-1 (interleukin-1 receptor-associated serine/threonine kinase 1) as caveolin-1-interacting proteins in monocytes.
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16107720
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We also demonstrate that following stimulation by exogenous CD26, Tollip and IRAK-1 dissociate from caveolin-1, and IRAK-1 is then phosphorylated in the cytosol, leading to the upregulation of CD86 via activation of NF-kappaB.
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16107720
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Binding of CD26 to caveolin-1 therefore regulates signaling pathways in antigen-presenting cells to induce antigen-specific T-cell proliferation.
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16107720
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CD26 mediates dissociation of Tollip and IRAK-1 from caveolin-1 and induces upregulation of CD86 on antigen-presenting cells.
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16107720
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We have previously reported that the addition of recombinant soluble CD26 resulted in enhanced proliferation of human T lymphocytes induced by the recall antigen tetanus toxoid (TT) via upregulation of CD86 on monocytes and that caveolin-1 was a binding protein of CD26, and the CD26-caveolin-1 interaction resulted in caveolin-1 phosphorylation (p-cav-1) as well as TT-mediated T-cell proliferation.
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16107720
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Through proteomic analysis, we identify Tollip (Toll-interacting protein) and IRAK-1 (interleukin-1 receptor-associated serine/threonine kinase 1) as caveolin-1-interacting proteins in monocytes.
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16107720
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We also demonstrate that following stimulation by exogenous CD26, Tollip and IRAK-1 dissociate from caveolin-1, and IRAK-1 is then phosphorylated in the cytosol, leading to the upregulation of CD86 via activation of NF-kappaB.
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16107720
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Binding of CD26 to caveolin-1 therefore regulates signaling pathways in antigen-presenting cells to induce antigen-specific T-cell proliferation.
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22 |
16107720
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CD26 mediates dissociation of Tollip and IRAK-1 from caveolin-1 and induces upregulation of CD86 on antigen-presenting cells.
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23 |
16107720
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We have previously reported that the addition of recombinant soluble CD26 resulted in enhanced proliferation of human T lymphocytes induced by the recall antigen tetanus toxoid (TT) via upregulation of CD86 on monocytes and that caveolin-1 was a binding protein of CD26, and the CD26-caveolin-1 interaction resulted in caveolin-1 phosphorylation (p-cav-1) as well as TT-mediated T-cell proliferation.
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16107720
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Through proteomic analysis, we identify Tollip (Toll-interacting protein) and IRAK-1 (interleukin-1 receptor-associated serine/threonine kinase 1) as caveolin-1-interacting proteins in monocytes.
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25 |
16107720
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We also demonstrate that following stimulation by exogenous CD26, Tollip and IRAK-1 dissociate from caveolin-1, and IRAK-1 is then phosphorylated in the cytosol, leading to the upregulation of CD86 via activation of NF-kappaB.
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16107720
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Binding of CD26 to caveolin-1 therefore regulates signaling pathways in antigen-presenting cells to induce antigen-specific T-cell proliferation.
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17599092
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Each gene encoded a cell surface chimeric protein made up of extracellular single-chain immunoglobulin anti-erbB2 linked to an intracellular TLR-signaling component composed of either myeloid differentiation factor 88, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) or the cytoplasmic domain of TLR4.
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17599092
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However, only the chimera containing IRAK-1 was able to mediate interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion.
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17599092
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We found that JAWS II cells triggered through chimeric anti-erbB2-IRAK-1 displayed an enhanced ability to stimulate ovalbumin-specific OT-II CD4(+) T cells.
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17599092
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Each gene encoded a cell surface chimeric protein made up of extracellular single-chain immunoglobulin anti-erbB2 linked to an intracellular TLR-signaling component composed of either myeloid differentiation factor 88, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) or the cytoplasmic domain of TLR4.
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17599092
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However, only the chimera containing IRAK-1 was able to mediate interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion.
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17599092
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We found that JAWS II cells triggered through chimeric anti-erbB2-IRAK-1 displayed an enhanced ability to stimulate ovalbumin-specific OT-II CD4(+) T cells.
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20551621
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This was confirmed by kinome analysis which demonstrated dynamic patterns of phosphorylation of key TLR adaptor proteins such as IRAK1, TAK1, IKK and NF-kappaB-p65 in CpG-stimulated blood CD21+ B cells, consistent with activation of the TLR9 pathway.
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24384074
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An in vitro model of antigen presentation showed that ligands for TLR-9, 7, 4 and 1/2 increased the ability of APCs to present antigen-85B of BCG to CD4 T cells, which correlated with an increase in MHC-II expression.
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24384074
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TLR-activation led to a down-regulation of MARCH1 ubiquitin ligase which prevents the degradation of MHC-II and decreased IL-10 also contributed to an increase in MHC-II.
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24384074
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TLR-activation induced up-regulation of MHC-II was inhibited by the blockade of IRAK, NF-kB, and MAPKs.
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24384074
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TLR-7 and TLR-9 ligands had the most effective adjuvant like effect on MHC-II of APCs which allowed BCG vaccine mediated activation of CD4 T cells.
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24561744
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EV71 infection upregulates miR-146a, which targets IRAK1 and TRAF6 involved in TLR signalling and type I interferon production.
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24561744
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We further identify AP1 as being responsible for the EV71-induced expression of miR-146a.
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24561744
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Surprisingly, knocking out miR-146a or neutralizing virus-induced miR-146a by specific antagomiR restores expressions of IRAK1 and TRAF6, augments IFNβ production, inhibits viral propagation and improves survival in the mouse model.
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24561744
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Our results suggest that enterovirus-induced miR-146a facilitates viral pathogenesis by suppressing IFN production and provide a clue to developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for enterovirus infections.
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24561744
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EV71 infection upregulates miR-146a, which targets IRAK1 and TRAF6 involved in TLR signalling and type I interferon production.
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43 |
24561744
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We further identify AP1 as being responsible for the EV71-induced expression of miR-146a.
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44 |
24561744
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Surprisingly, knocking out miR-146a or neutralizing virus-induced miR-146a by specific antagomiR restores expressions of IRAK1 and TRAF6, augments IFNβ production, inhibits viral propagation and improves survival in the mouse model.
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45 |
24561744
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Our results suggest that enterovirus-induced miR-146a facilitates viral pathogenesis by suppressing IFN production and provide a clue to developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for enterovirus infections.
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25038286
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The expression levels of type I IFN system genes including IRF-7, IRAK1, Mx and Viperin were up-regulated at 6 h, and reached a peak at 48 h.
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25737587
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We also showed that the RLR pathway was dampened by the activities of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 1 and 4 (IRAK1 and IRAK4), which are downstream effectors of the TLR7 pathway, suggesting that both kinases play opposing roles downstream of specific PRRs.
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25955717
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Human Cytomegalovirus miR-UL112-3p Targets TLR2 and Modulates the TLR2/IRAK1/NFκB Signaling Pathway.
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25955717
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Consistent with this observation, miR-UL112-3p transfection significantly reduced the expression of multiple cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) upon stimulation with a TLR2 agonist.
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25955717
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Finally, miR-UL112-3p transfection significantly inhibited the TLR2-induced post-translational activation of IRAK1, a kinase located in the upstream section of the TLR2/NFκB signaling axis.
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51 |
25955717
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Human Cytomegalovirus miR-UL112-3p Targets TLR2 and Modulates the TLR2/IRAK1/NFκB Signaling Pathway.
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52 |
25955717
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Consistent with this observation, miR-UL112-3p transfection significantly reduced the expression of multiple cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) upon stimulation with a TLR2 agonist.
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53 |
25955717
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Finally, miR-UL112-3p transfection significantly inhibited the TLR2-induced post-translational activation of IRAK1, a kinase located in the upstream section of the TLR2/NFκB signaling axis.
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26099219
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Transcriptional analysis of non-specific and specific immune related genes revealed that the expression levels of IRF-7, IRAK1, Mx, Viperin, and IgM were strongly up-regulated in the vaccinated groups post-immunization.
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