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Gene Information
Gene symbol: IV
Gene name: inversus situs, viscerum
HGNC ID: 6185
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 1372038 | Mice were immunized with SMAA complexes containing recombinant p27-TAG and MAbs have been isolated that recognized native SIV p27. |
| 2 | 1708168 | Recombinant virus vaccine-induced SIV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 3 | 1719081 | We have examined the induction and epitope specificity of T cells for the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag p27 protein in macaques immunized with either a recombinant SIV gag protein or an inactivated SIV vaccine. |
| 4 | 1719081 | CD4+ MHC class II-restricted T cell lines and clones derived from five immunized macaques recognized a total of seven peptides in three immunodominant regions of p27. |
| 5 | 1719081 | Although this epitope is in a conserved region of the gag protein of SIV, its recognition by a CD4+ T cell clone was abrogated by sequence variation in the equivalent HIV protein. |
| 6 | 1719081 | We have examined the induction and epitope specificity of T cells for the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag p27 protein in macaques immunized with either a recombinant SIV gag protein or an inactivated SIV vaccine. |
| 7 | 1719081 | CD4+ MHC class II-restricted T cell lines and clones derived from five immunized macaques recognized a total of seven peptides in three immunodominant regions of p27. |
| 8 | 1719081 | Although this epitope is in a conserved region of the gag protein of SIV, its recognition by a CD4+ T cell clone was abrogated by sequence variation in the equivalent HIV protein. |
| 9 | 2498082 | With the use of a sensitive sequence comparison algorithm, a homology has been suggested between the primary structures of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) p24 core protein and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMD) VP2 coat protein. |
| 10 | 7502858 | Macaques were immunized with a recombinant, particulate SIV antigen (SIV gag P27), covalently linked to the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). |
| 11 | 7502858 | The results show that both vaginal followed by oral immunization or the reverse sequence induces specific p27 IgA and IgG antibodies in the vaginal fluid and serum. |
| 12 | 7502859 | T cell responses in macaques after vaginal immunization with particulate SIV p27 antigen. |
| 13 | 7526538 | Complement control proteins, CD46, CD55, and CD59, as common surface constituents of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and possible targets for vaccine protection. |
| 14 | 7526538 | Three complement control proteins, CD46 (membrane cofactor protein), CD55 (decay accelerating protein), and CD59 (HRF20), were found by flow cytometry to be expressed on the surface of CD4+ cell lines commonly used for HIV-1 and SIV synthesis. |
| 15 | 7526538 | Monoclonal antibodies to each of these proteins precipitated HIV-1 IIIB and SIV delta/B670 synthesized in CEM x 174 cells and two primary HIV-1 isolates synthesized in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are physically associated with the virus membrane after the virus has been released from the surface of infected cells. |
| 16 | 7526538 | Evidence that CD46 and CD59 are immunogenic in macaques was found when anti-cell antibodies in plasmas from macaques immunized with human cell-grown SIV blocked anti-CD46 and anti-CD59 from binding to the surface of CEM x 174 cells. |
| 17 | 7526538 | These results demonstrate that CD46, CD55, and CD59 are common surface constituents of HIV-1 and SIV. |
| 18 | 7571408 | In contrast to monkeys infected with pathogenic SIV, pC8-infected macaques developed a virus-specific T-cell proliferation. |
| 19 | 7584989 | Early suppression of SIV replication by CD8+ nef-specific cytotoxic T cells in vaccinated macaques. |
| 20 | 7848685 | Fine analysis of humoral antibody response to envelope glycoprotein of SIV in infected and vaccinated macaques. |
| 21 | 7848685 | To characterize the serological response to SIV envelope, induced by vaccination with different envelope immunogens or by SIV infection, plasma samples from 11 cynomolgus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and from 16 macaques vaccinated with three different recombinant envelope proteins were analyzed by (1) ELISA, using a variety of antigens including overlapping peptides encompassing the entire sequence of the envelope protein of SIV, and (2) competition assays, using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to SIV gp120. |
| 22 | 7848685 | Fine analysis of humoral antibody response to envelope glycoprotein of SIV in infected and vaccinated macaques. |
| 23 | 7848685 | To characterize the serological response to SIV envelope, induced by vaccination with different envelope immunogens or by SIV infection, plasma samples from 11 cynomolgus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and from 16 macaques vaccinated with three different recombinant envelope proteins were analyzed by (1) ELISA, using a variety of antigens including overlapping peptides encompassing the entire sequence of the envelope protein of SIV, and (2) competition assays, using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to SIV gp120. |
| 24 | 7865316 | Challenge of the SIV gp130-immunized monkeys with the spleen-derived virus led to infection of three animals; remarkably, one of these was only PCR positive. |
| 25 | 7865316 | However, neutralizing antibodies may have been important in the SIV gp130-immunized animals at first challenge. |
| 26 | 7865316 | Challenge of the SIV gp130-immunized monkeys with the spleen-derived virus led to infection of three animals; remarkably, one of these was only PCR positive. |
| 27 | 7865316 | However, neutralizing antibodies may have been important in the SIV gp130-immunized animals at first challenge. |
| 28 | 8074930 | Proteins expressed from pGEXcPk and pQ9cPk had a short oligopeptide tag termed Pk at their carboxy termini and either glutathione S-transferase (GST) or a small histidine (His) tag, respectively, at their N termini. |
| 29 | 8074930 | The genes for nef, endonuclease, p15, p17, p27, protease, Rev, reverse transcriptase (rt), tat, vif, vpr, and vpx of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV mac 251) were cloned and expressed as both GST-SIV-Pk and His-SIV-Pk proteins. |
| 30 | 8074930 | Antibodies to endonuclease, p15, p17, p27, rt, and vif were readily detected, antibodies against protease and vpx were present at much lower levels, but no antibodies were detected to nef, rev, tat, or vpr. |
| 31 | 8133061 | Seven lipopeptides were synthesized, derived from known immunogenic regions of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) NEF and GAG proteins. |
| 32 | 8178558 | In this way, immune complexes containing the p17, p27, vpr and vpx proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have been purified. |
| 33 | 8574147 | The majority of the clones expressed SIV p27 antigen and low levels of virus reverse transcriptase activity. |
| 34 | 8574147 | Western blot analysis, performed with either monoclonal or polyclonal sera, showed that a chronically infected clone (B7) produced particles which contained envelope (gp135 and gp43), gag precursors and gag proteins (p27, p16 and p8). |
| 35 | 8578803 | Immunization studies in rats showed that this protein was also less efficient in inducing antibodies against this antigenic site, and that it induced significantly lower levels of virus neutralizing antibodies than the other SIV-envelope glycoprotein. |
| 36 | 8578803 | The immunogenicity of the SIV-envelope glycoprotein incorporated into immune stimulating complexes (iscoms) was compared to that of the same protein presented with Quil A or MDP-tsl. |
| 37 | 8578803 | Immunization studies in rats showed that this protein was also less efficient in inducing antibodies against this antigenic site, and that it induced significantly lower levels of virus neutralizing antibodies than the other SIV-envelope glycoprotein. |
| 38 | 8578803 | The immunogenicity of the SIV-envelope glycoprotein incorporated into immune stimulating complexes (iscoms) was compared to that of the same protein presented with Quil A or MDP-tsl. |
| 39 | 8642649 | Expression of IFN-gamma by SIV(HyIFN) reached levels as high as 10(6) U/ml after 11 days in culture. |
| 40 | 8763998 | Detection of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8+ T cells in macaques protected from SIV challenge by prior SIV subunit vaccination. |
| 41 | 8763998 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from the protected macaques and analyzed for CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to SIV proteins. |
| 42 | 8763998 | These CTL, as reflected by studies of cytolytic lines and derived T-cell clones, were CD8+, did not recognize allogeneic targets, and recognized the SIV proteins in the context of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. |
| 43 | 8763998 | The frequency of precursor CD8+ CTL reactive to SIV proteins was determined by limiting-dilution analysis and demonstrated that the responses elicited following challenge of protected animals to SIV proteins not present in the vaccine were quantitatively similar to those of animals persistently infected with SIV. |
| 44 | 8763998 | The presence of these CD8+ CTL responses to SIV proteins present only in the challenge virus suggests that infection of some host cells occurred postchallenge. |
| 45 | 8763998 | Detection of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8+ T cells in macaques protected from SIV challenge by prior SIV subunit vaccination. |
| 46 | 8763998 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from the protected macaques and analyzed for CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to SIV proteins. |
| 47 | 8763998 | These CTL, as reflected by studies of cytolytic lines and derived T-cell clones, were CD8+, did not recognize allogeneic targets, and recognized the SIV proteins in the context of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. |
| 48 | 8763998 | The frequency of precursor CD8+ CTL reactive to SIV proteins was determined by limiting-dilution analysis and demonstrated that the responses elicited following challenge of protected animals to SIV proteins not present in the vaccine were quantitatively similar to those of animals persistently infected with SIV. |
| 49 | 8763998 | The presence of these CD8+ CTL responses to SIV proteins present only in the challenge virus suggests that infection of some host cells occurred postchallenge. |
| 50 | 8763998 | Detection of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8+ T cells in macaques protected from SIV challenge by prior SIV subunit vaccination. |
| 51 | 8763998 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from the protected macaques and analyzed for CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to SIV proteins. |
| 52 | 8763998 | These CTL, as reflected by studies of cytolytic lines and derived T-cell clones, were CD8+, did not recognize allogeneic targets, and recognized the SIV proteins in the context of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. |
| 53 | 8763998 | The frequency of precursor CD8+ CTL reactive to SIV proteins was determined by limiting-dilution analysis and demonstrated that the responses elicited following challenge of protected animals to SIV proteins not present in the vaccine were quantitatively similar to those of animals persistently infected with SIV. |
| 54 | 8763998 | The presence of these CD8+ CTL responses to SIV proteins present only in the challenge virus suggests that infection of some host cells occurred postchallenge. |
| 55 | 8763998 | Detection of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8+ T cells in macaques protected from SIV challenge by prior SIV subunit vaccination. |
| 56 | 8763998 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from the protected macaques and analyzed for CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to SIV proteins. |
| 57 | 8763998 | These CTL, as reflected by studies of cytolytic lines and derived T-cell clones, were CD8+, did not recognize allogeneic targets, and recognized the SIV proteins in the context of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. |
| 58 | 8763998 | The frequency of precursor CD8+ CTL reactive to SIV proteins was determined by limiting-dilution analysis and demonstrated that the responses elicited following challenge of protected animals to SIV proteins not present in the vaccine were quantitatively similar to those of animals persistently infected with SIV. |
| 59 | 8763998 | The presence of these CD8+ CTL responses to SIV proteins present only in the challenge virus suggests that infection of some host cells occurred postchallenge. |
| 60 | 8763998 | Detection of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8+ T cells in macaques protected from SIV challenge by prior SIV subunit vaccination. |
| 61 | 8763998 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from the protected macaques and analyzed for CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to SIV proteins. |
| 62 | 8763998 | These CTL, as reflected by studies of cytolytic lines and derived T-cell clones, were CD8+, did not recognize allogeneic targets, and recognized the SIV proteins in the context of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. |
| 63 | 8763998 | The frequency of precursor CD8+ CTL reactive to SIV proteins was determined by limiting-dilution analysis and demonstrated that the responses elicited following challenge of protected animals to SIV proteins not present in the vaccine were quantitatively similar to those of animals persistently infected with SIV. |
| 64 | 8763998 | The presence of these CD8+ CTL responses to SIV proteins present only in the challenge virus suggests that infection of some host cells occurred postchallenge. |
| 65 | 8827215 | Cytotoxic T lymphocytes to SIV Nef and RT were demonstrable in one of four SHIV-infected monkeys before SIVsm challenge, but this monkey was not protected against SIV infection. |
| 66 | 9032366 | Specific SIV Nef peptide proliferative responses and cytokine production were observed. |
| 67 | 9135877 | The IL-2-expressing SIV had been previously constructed to enhance the immunogenicity of live attenuated SIV vaccines. |
| 68 | 9164952 | Rhesus macaques were orally immunized with a mucosal vaccine consisting of two different concentrations (1 mg vs 250 microg) of recombinant SIV p55gag (p55) with or without cholera toxin (CT, 50 microg) as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 69 | 9164952 | When culture supernatants from these p55-stimulated PBMCs were examined for Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines, both IFN-gamma and IL-10 were present, but IL-4 was absent. |
| 70 | 9164952 | CD4+ T cells isolated from these p55-stimulated PBMCs contained IFN-gamma spot-forming cells (SFCs) but not IL-4 SFCs. |
| 71 | 9164952 | These results were further confirmed by cytokine-specific reverse transcriptase PCR analysis, where p55-specific CD4+ T cells expressed mRNA for IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10, but not IL-4. |
| 72 | 9164952 | These findings suggest that oral immunization of nonhuman primates induced both IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 and select Th2 cytokine (e.g., IL-6 and IL-10)-producing CD4+ Th cells, which accounted for the generation of p55-specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses. |
| 73 | 9268165 | Like the SIV(mac)LG1-inoculated macaques, these animals also resisted SHIV(KU-1) challenge as judged by the inability to recover infectious virus, normal CD4+ T cell counts, and the absence of SHIV(KU-1) signature sequences in the lymph node tissue. |
| 74 | 9286055 | Selective activation of CD8+ and MHC-restricted SIV Gag-specific CTL was induced by stimulation with autologous para-formaldehyde-fixed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing SIV Gag. |
| 75 | 9419166 | Induction of Th2 cytokine expression for p27-specific IgA B cell responses after targeted lymph node immunization with simian immunodeficiency virus antigens in rhesus macaques. |
| 76 | 9419166 | In addition, a peak of SIV-specific IgA B cell responses was noted following the third immunization. |
| 77 | 9430249 | Because a broad immune response directed to multiple HIV/SIV antigens is highly desirable in order to develop effective vaccines, we have also investigated the immune response induced by an rBCG strain expressing a large N-terminal portion of the SIVmac251 Env gp110-encoding gene. |
| 78 | 9445041 | In two macaques immunized with a mixture of lipopeptides derived from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef and Gag proteins, CTL responses were directed against the same, single epitope of the Nef protein (amino acids 128 to 137) presenting an alanine at position 136 (Nef 128-137/136A). |
| 79 | 9445041 | Dose analysis of peptides used to sensitize target cells as well as a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide stability assay suggested that the selected peptide Nef 128-137/136T has an altered capacity to bind to the MHC. |
| 80 | 9554279 | Protection was associated with significant increase in the iliac lymph nodes IgA antibody secreting cells to p27 (p < 0.02), CD8-suppressor factor inhibiting replication of SIV in CD4+ T cells (p < 0.01) and the chemokines RANTES and MIP-1 beta (p < 0.01). |
| 81 | 9658070 | CD8(+) T lymphocytes from immunized animals were able to potently suppress SIV replication in autologous SIV-infected CD4(+) T cells. |
| 82 | 9658070 | Suppression of SIV replication by unstimulated CD8(+) T cells required direct contact and was major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted. |
| 83 | 9658070 | However, CD3-stimulated CD8(+) T cells produced soluble factors that inhibited SIV replication in an MHC-unrestricted fashion as much as 30-fold. |
| 84 | 9658070 | Supernatants from stimulated CD8(+) T cells were also able to inhibit replication of both CCR5- and CXCR4-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains. |
| 85 | 9658070 | Production of RANTES, macrophage inhibitory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), or MIP-1beta from stimulated CD8(+) T cells of vaccinated animals was almost 10-fold higher than that from stimulated CD8(+) T cells of control animals. |
| 86 | 9658070 | Our results indicate that inhibition of SIV replication by CD8(+) T cells from animals immunized with live attenuated SIV strains involves both MHC-restricted and -unrestricted mechanisms and that MHC-unrestricted inhibition of SIV replication is due principally to soluble factors other than RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta. |
| 87 | 9658070 | CD8(+) T lymphocytes from immunized animals were able to potently suppress SIV replication in autologous SIV-infected CD4(+) T cells. |
| 88 | 9658070 | Suppression of SIV replication by unstimulated CD8(+) T cells required direct contact and was major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted. |
| 89 | 9658070 | However, CD3-stimulated CD8(+) T cells produced soluble factors that inhibited SIV replication in an MHC-unrestricted fashion as much as 30-fold. |
| 90 | 9658070 | Supernatants from stimulated CD8(+) T cells were also able to inhibit replication of both CCR5- and CXCR4-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains. |
| 91 | 9658070 | Production of RANTES, macrophage inhibitory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), or MIP-1beta from stimulated CD8(+) T cells of vaccinated animals was almost 10-fold higher than that from stimulated CD8(+) T cells of control animals. |
| 92 | 9658070 | Our results indicate that inhibition of SIV replication by CD8(+) T cells from animals immunized with live attenuated SIV strains involves both MHC-restricted and -unrestricted mechanisms and that MHC-unrestricted inhibition of SIV replication is due principally to soluble factors other than RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta. |
| 93 | 9733821 | To modulate the antiviral immune response induced by live attenuated SIV vaccines, we had previously infected rhesus monkeys with a nef deletion mutant of SIV expressing interleukin 2 (SIV-IL2) (B. |
| 94 | 9733821 | Since the SIV-MLV hybrid uses the MLV Env receptor Pit2 and not CD4 and a coreceptor for virus entry, chemokine inhibition and receptor interference phenomena were not involved in protection. |
| 95 | 9788676 | Five male-female pairs of macaques were inoculated intrarectally with SIV(Mne) E11S, a biological clone, and serially euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinoculation. |
| 96 | 9788676 | The most dramatic increases in both total and SIV-specific IgA levels were detected in rectal secretion samples. |
| 97 | 9788676 | Five male-female pairs of macaques were inoculated intrarectally with SIV(Mne) E11S, a biological clone, and serially euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinoculation. |
| 98 | 9788676 | The most dramatic increases in both total and SIV-specific IgA levels were detected in rectal secretion samples. |
| 99 | 9834076 | Female rhesus macaques were nasally immunized with p55gag (p55) of SIV and cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 100 | 9834076 | Furthermore, high numbers of p55-specific IgA and IgG Ab-forming cells were induced in mucosal effector sites, i.e., uterine cervix, intestinal lamina propria, and nasal passage. p55-specific CD4+ T cells in both systemic and mucosal compartments expressed IFN-gamma and IL-2 (Th1-type)- as well as IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 (Th2-type)-specific mRNA. |
| 101 | 9834076 | These results show that nasal immunization with SIV p55 with cholera toxin elicits both Th1- and selective Th2-type cytokine responses associated with the induction of SIV-specific mucosal and serum Abs, and CTL activity. |
| 102 | 9834076 | Female rhesus macaques were nasally immunized with p55gag (p55) of SIV and cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 103 | 9834076 | Furthermore, high numbers of p55-specific IgA and IgG Ab-forming cells were induced in mucosal effector sites, i.e., uterine cervix, intestinal lamina propria, and nasal passage. p55-specific CD4+ T cells in both systemic and mucosal compartments expressed IFN-gamma and IL-2 (Th1-type)- as well as IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 (Th2-type)-specific mRNA. |
| 104 | 9834076 | These results show that nasal immunization with SIV p55 with cholera toxin elicits both Th1- and selective Th2-type cytokine responses associated with the induction of SIV-specific mucosal and serum Abs, and CTL activity. |
| 105 | 9870315 | A cocktail of Mycobacterium bovis BCG recombinants expressing the SIV Nef, Env, and Gag antigens induces antibody and cytotoxic responses in mice vaccinated by different mucosal routes. |
| 106 | 9886431 | Another transiently infected monkey had SIV-specific IgA secreting B cells in the LP. |
| 107 | 10196344 | We have optimized the induction of antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in rhesus macaques by a lipopeptide vaccine containing seven peptides from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef and Gag proteins and a strong T-helper peptide from tetanus toxoid (TT) that is promiscuous in humans (peptide TT 830-846). |
| 108 | 10386338 | Additionally, a Nef-deleted SIV virus has low titres in rhesus monkeys and the animals develop AIDS at a much slower rate. |
| 109 | 10386338 | In vitro, Nef can exert at least three kinds of effects: it downregulates CD4 and MHC class I, it stimulates virion infectivity and it alters signal transduction pathways. |
| 110 | 10386338 | To accomplish this, Nef interacts with a series of cellular partners including CD4, components of the adaptor complexes AP-1 and AP-2, and several protein kinases, Nef often functioning as a connector between targets and effectors. |
| 111 | 10501490 | A second group were primed twice with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing SIV gp160 and then boosted twice with recombinant SIV gp120. |
| 112 | 10516057 | We report the construction of recombinant vectors of two different serotypes of poliovirus-expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antigens and the intranasal and intravenous inoculations of four adult cynomolgus macaques with these poliovirus vectors expressing the SIV proteins p17(gag) and gp41(env). |
| 113 | 10570193 | To better understand the role that CD4(+) T helper responses may play in mediating protection in this model, we characterized SIV-specific proliferative and cytokine responses in macaques immunized with live attenuated SIV strains. |
| 114 | 10570193 | SIV-specific stimulation of lymphocytes from vaccinated macaques resulted in secretion of interferon-gamma, IL-2, regulated-upon-activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 115 | 10570193 | Intracellular flow cytometric analysis documented that, in macaques vaccinated with SIVmac239Deltanef, up to 2% of all CD4(+)T cells were specific for SIV p55. |
| 116 | 10570193 | To better understand the role that CD4(+) T helper responses may play in mediating protection in this model, we characterized SIV-specific proliferative and cytokine responses in macaques immunized with live attenuated SIV strains. |
| 117 | 10570193 | SIV-specific stimulation of lymphocytes from vaccinated macaques resulted in secretion of interferon-gamma, IL-2, regulated-upon-activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 118 | 10570193 | Intracellular flow cytometric analysis documented that, in macaques vaccinated with SIVmac239Deltanef, up to 2% of all CD4(+)T cells were specific for SIV p55. |
| 119 | 10593490 | Characterization of SIV-specific CD4+ T-helper proliferative responses in macaques immunized with live-attenuated SIV. |
| 120 | 10593490 | SIV-specific proliferative responses were mediated by CD4+ T cells and were major histocompatibility (MHC) class II restricted. |
| 121 | 10593490 | Intracellular flow-cytometric analysis demonstrated the production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, RANTES and macrophage inhibitory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) by T lymphocytes from SIVmac239deltanef-vaccinated animals following SIV p55 stimulation. |
| 122 | 10593490 | Characterization of SIV-specific CD4+ T-helper proliferative responses in macaques immunized with live-attenuated SIV. |
| 123 | 10593490 | SIV-specific proliferative responses were mediated by CD4+ T cells and were major histocompatibility (MHC) class II restricted. |
| 124 | 10593490 | Intracellular flow-cytometric analysis demonstrated the production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, RANTES and macrophage inhibitory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) by T lymphocytes from SIVmac239deltanef-vaccinated animals following SIV p55 stimulation. |
| 125 | 10683331 | The kinetics of specific immune responses in rhesus monkeys inoculated with live recombinant BCG expressing SIV Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins. |
| 126 | 10683331 | The immunogenicity of four recombinant BCG constructs expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins was tested in rhesus macaques. |
| 127 | 10683331 | A single simultaneous inoculation of all four recombinants elicited SIV-specific IgA and IgG antibody, and cellular immune responses, including CTL and helper T cell proliferation. |
| 128 | 10683331 | The kinetics of specific immune responses in rhesus monkeys inoculated with live recombinant BCG expressing SIV Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins. |
| 129 | 10683331 | The immunogenicity of four recombinant BCG constructs expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins was tested in rhesus macaques. |
| 130 | 10683331 | A single simultaneous inoculation of all four recombinants elicited SIV-specific IgA and IgG antibody, and cellular immune responses, including CTL and helper T cell proliferation. |
| 131 | 10683331 | The kinetics of specific immune responses in rhesus monkeys inoculated with live recombinant BCG expressing SIV Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins. |
| 132 | 10683331 | The immunogenicity of four recombinant BCG constructs expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins was tested in rhesus macaques. |
| 133 | 10683331 | A single simultaneous inoculation of all four recombinants elicited SIV-specific IgA and IgG antibody, and cellular immune responses, including CTL and helper T cell proliferation. |
| 134 | 10710211 | We have produced and characterized, in a baculovirus expression system, simian-human immunodeficiency virus-like particles (SHIV VLPs) containing SIV Gag and HIV envelope (Env) proteins. |
| 135 | 10869776 | We generated a chimeric SIV, FMSIV, by replacing SIV env with ecotropic Friend murine leukemia virus (FMLV) env to confine its replication to FMLV receptor (mCAT1)-expressing cells. |
| 136 | 10888354 | The inhibition of CD4+ cell depletion was associated with maintaining the proliferative response of helper T-cells against SIV p27 in the previously nonpathogenic virus-inoculated animals following the pathogenic virus challenge. |
| 137 | 10888354 | Furthermore, the decline of CD28+ cells, the increase in CD95+ cells, and the enhancement of in vitro apoptosis in PBMC were inhibited in the non-pathogenic virus-inoculated animals. |
| 138 | 11044096 | Upon rectal challenge with cloned SIVmac239, resistance to infection was observed, but some animals with high SIV-specific IgA levels in rectal secretions became infected. |
| 139 | 11090194 | In the long-term study, most of the immunized animals had low or undetectable postacute levels of plasma SIV RNA, and no CD4(+) T-cell depletion or clinical evidence of progressive disease, over more than 2 years of observation. |
| 140 | 11134287 | To test this concept in a relevant disease model we sought to identify multiple simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-derived CD8(+) epitopes bound by a single nonhuman primate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule. |
| 141 | 11134287 | We had previously identified the peptide binding motif of Mamu-A*01(2), a common rhesus macaque MHC class I molecule that presents the immunodominant SIV gag-derived cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope Gag_CM9 (CTPYDINQM). |
| 142 | 11134287 | To test this concept in a relevant disease model we sought to identify multiple simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-derived CD8(+) epitopes bound by a single nonhuman primate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule. |
| 143 | 11134287 | We had previously identified the peptide binding motif of Mamu-A*01(2), a common rhesus macaque MHC class I molecule that presents the immunodominant SIV gag-derived cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope Gag_CM9 (CTPYDINQM). |
| 144 | 11289799 | First, HIV and SIV infect CD4(+)targets such as helper T lymphocytes and macrophages, that is, cells that normally play an essential role in the emergence and maintenance of an effective antiviral response. |
| 145 | 11289799 | These include mutational escape, latency, masking of antibody-binding sites on the viral envelope, downmodulation of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I), and upregulation of the Fas ligand on the surface of infected cells. |
| 146 | 11292315 | This assay may therefore permit characterization of the role of MDC in HIV-1/SIV pathogenesis, and in vaccine-induced immune responses. |
| 147 | 11429125 | The conserved, immunogenic CD4 binding site on the viral envelope is an attractive HIV or SIV vaccine candidate. |
| 148 | 11555138 | Vaccination with rMVA-J5 performed at week 0, 12, and 24 induced a moderate proliferative response to whole SIV, a detectable humoral response to all but Nef SIV antigens, and failed to induce neutralizing antibodies. |
| 149 | 11581386 | The ability to monitor vaccine-elicited CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)- and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected rhesus monkeys has been limited by our knowledge of viral epitopes predictably presented to those lymphocytes by common rhesus monkey MHC class I alleles. |
| 150 | 11581386 | We now define an SIV and SHIV Nef CTL epitope (YTSGPGIRY) that is presented to CD8(+) T lymphocytes by the common rhesus monkey MHC class I molecule Mamu-A*02. |
| 151 | 11581386 | All seven infected Mamu-A*02(+) monkeys evaluated demonstrated this response, and peptide-stimulated interferon gamma Elispot assays indicated that the response represents a large proportion of the entire CD8(+) T-lymphocyte SIV- or SHIV-specific immune response of these animals. |
| 152 | 11676602 | An enhanced and scalable process for the purification of SIV Gag-specific MHC tetramer. |
| 153 | 11676602 | The purified MHC alpha chain is refolded with beta-2-microglobulin and the target peptide antigen to form the class I MHC. |
| 154 | 11709096 | The efficacy of immunizing with a combination of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef vaccines was evaluated. |
| 155 | 11709096 | Four vaccinates received three intradermal immunizations with recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed SIV Nef, followed by three intramuscular immunizations with rDNA also expressing SIV Nef. |
| 156 | 11709096 | Finally, the four vaccinates received two subcutaneous boosts with recombinant SIV Nef protein. |
| 157 | 11709096 | The efficacy of immunizing with a combination of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef vaccines was evaluated. |
| 158 | 11709096 | Four vaccinates received three intradermal immunizations with recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed SIV Nef, followed by three intramuscular immunizations with rDNA also expressing SIV Nef. |
| 159 | 11709096 | Finally, the four vaccinates received two subcutaneous boosts with recombinant SIV Nef protein. |
| 160 | 11709096 | The efficacy of immunizing with a combination of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef vaccines was evaluated. |
| 161 | 11709096 | Four vaccinates received three intradermal immunizations with recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed SIV Nef, followed by three intramuscular immunizations with rDNA also expressing SIV Nef. |
| 162 | 11709096 | Finally, the four vaccinates received two subcutaneous boosts with recombinant SIV Nef protein. |
| 163 | 11739541 | Potentiation of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses by a DNA-SIV and NYVAC-SIV prime/boost regimen. |
| 164 | 11739541 | Therefore, an effective vaccine against HIV-1 should be able to elicit high frequencies of virus-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. |
| 165 | 11739541 | The highly attenuated poxvirus-based vaccine candidate, NYVAC-SIV-gag-pol-env (NYVAC-SIV-gpe), has been shown to induce and/or expand SIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in both naive and infected macaques. |
| 166 | 11739541 | Potentiation of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses by a DNA-SIV and NYVAC-SIV prime/boost regimen. |
| 167 | 11739541 | Therefore, an effective vaccine against HIV-1 should be able to elicit high frequencies of virus-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. |
| 168 | 11739541 | The highly attenuated poxvirus-based vaccine candidate, NYVAC-SIV-gag-pol-env (NYVAC-SIV-gpe), has been shown to induce and/or expand SIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in both naive and infected macaques. |
| 169 | 11943227 | IL-4 increases Simian immunodeficiency virus replication despite enhanced SIV immune responses in infected rhesus macaques. |
| 170 | 11943227 | It is widely believed that a Th1 type CD4 response is critical for enhancement of CD8 immunity and for controlling HIV-1 infection. |
| 171 | 11943227 | Accordingly, the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaque model was used to investigate the impact of immunisation with SIV expressing DNA constructs and co-injection with IL-4 on the SIV specific immunological responses, lymphocyte cell counts, as well as the impact on viral load. |
| 172 | 11943227 | IL-4 is a Th2 type cytokine, which enhances antibody production and inhibits a CD4 Th1 phenotype. |
| 173 | 11943227 | Importantly, vaccination in the absence of IL-4 protected CD4 levels without increasing viral load. |
| 174 | 11943227 | IL-4 increases Simian immunodeficiency virus replication despite enhanced SIV immune responses in infected rhesus macaques. |
| 175 | 11943227 | It is widely believed that a Th1 type CD4 response is critical for enhancement of CD8 immunity and for controlling HIV-1 infection. |
| 176 | 11943227 | Accordingly, the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaque model was used to investigate the impact of immunisation with SIV expressing DNA constructs and co-injection with IL-4 on the SIV specific immunological responses, lymphocyte cell counts, as well as the impact on viral load. |
| 177 | 11943227 | IL-4 is a Th2 type cytokine, which enhances antibody production and inhibits a CD4 Th1 phenotype. |
| 178 | 11943227 | Importantly, vaccination in the absence of IL-4 protected CD4 levels without increasing viral load. |
| 179 | 11983247 | We used intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from animals during the acute phase of viral infection stimulated with peptides spanning the entire protein sequence of SIV to determine which peptides were recognized by CD8 and CD4 positive T cells. |
| 180 | 12021334 | We found that the resistance of macaque 359 to SIV infection was not due to a high level of CD8(+) suppressor activity but to an inherent resistance of its CD4(+) T cells. |
| 181 | 12021334 | To elucidate the basis for the unusually strong resistance of macaque 359 to SIV infection in vivo and in vitro, we investigated early events of viral infection and replication in CD4(+) cells of macaque 359, including expression and mutation screening of SIV coreceptors and analysis of viral entry and reverse transcription. |
| 182 | 12021334 | PCR analysis revealed a significant delay in production of early in vitro reverse transcription intermediates in macaque 359 cells compared to susceptible controls, but cell fusion assays showed that SIV entered the CD4(+) CCR5(+) cells of macaque 359 as readily as cells of macaques susceptible to SIV infection. |
| 183 | 12021334 | Our results suggest that the resistance of macaque 359 to SIV infection is due to a postentry block in viral replication and implicate a cellular inhibitory mechanism in its CD4(+) T cells. |
| 184 | 12021334 | We found that the resistance of macaque 359 to SIV infection was not due to a high level of CD8(+) suppressor activity but to an inherent resistance of its CD4(+) T cells. |
| 185 | 12021334 | To elucidate the basis for the unusually strong resistance of macaque 359 to SIV infection in vivo and in vitro, we investigated early events of viral infection and replication in CD4(+) cells of macaque 359, including expression and mutation screening of SIV coreceptors and analysis of viral entry and reverse transcription. |
| 186 | 12021334 | PCR analysis revealed a significant delay in production of early in vitro reverse transcription intermediates in macaque 359 cells compared to susceptible controls, but cell fusion assays showed that SIV entered the CD4(+) CCR5(+) cells of macaque 359 as readily as cells of macaques susceptible to SIV infection. |
| 187 | 12021334 | Our results suggest that the resistance of macaque 359 to SIV infection is due to a postentry block in viral replication and implicate a cellular inhibitory mechanism in its CD4(+) T cells. |
| 188 | 12021334 | We found that the resistance of macaque 359 to SIV infection was not due to a high level of CD8(+) suppressor activity but to an inherent resistance of its CD4(+) T cells. |
| 189 | 12021334 | To elucidate the basis for the unusually strong resistance of macaque 359 to SIV infection in vivo and in vitro, we investigated early events of viral infection and replication in CD4(+) cells of macaque 359, including expression and mutation screening of SIV coreceptors and analysis of viral entry and reverse transcription. |
| 190 | 12021334 | PCR analysis revealed a significant delay in production of early in vitro reverse transcription intermediates in macaque 359 cells compared to susceptible controls, but cell fusion assays showed that SIV entered the CD4(+) CCR5(+) cells of macaque 359 as readily as cells of macaques susceptible to SIV infection. |
| 191 | 12021334 | Our results suggest that the resistance of macaque 359 to SIV infection is due to a postentry block in viral replication and implicate a cellular inhibitory mechanism in its CD4(+) T cells. |
| 192 | 12021334 | We found that the resistance of macaque 359 to SIV infection was not due to a high level of CD8(+) suppressor activity but to an inherent resistance of its CD4(+) T cells. |
| 193 | 12021334 | To elucidate the basis for the unusually strong resistance of macaque 359 to SIV infection in vivo and in vitro, we investigated early events of viral infection and replication in CD4(+) cells of macaque 359, including expression and mutation screening of SIV coreceptors and analysis of viral entry and reverse transcription. |
| 194 | 12021334 | PCR analysis revealed a significant delay in production of early in vitro reverse transcription intermediates in macaque 359 cells compared to susceptible controls, but cell fusion assays showed that SIV entered the CD4(+) CCR5(+) cells of macaque 359 as readily as cells of macaques susceptible to SIV infection. |
| 195 | 12021334 | Our results suggest that the resistance of macaque 359 to SIV infection is due to a postentry block in viral replication and implicate a cellular inhibitory mechanism in its CD4(+) T cells. |
| 196 | 12057610 | To study whether SIV VLPs represent effective mucosal immunogens, we immunized groups of mice with VLPs alone or VLPs plus the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) by the intranasal (i.n.) route. |
| 197 | 12057610 | High levels of serum IgG antibody production were achieved in mice immunized intranasally with SIV VLPs, and the antibody response was found to be antigen dose-dependent. |
| 198 | 12057610 | The IgG1 and IgG2a ratio indicates that immune responses induced by SIV VLPs are Th1 oriented. |
| 199 | 12057610 | Moreover, increased numbers of MHC I-restricted peptide-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing T cells were detected in both splenocytes and lymph nodes by intranasal immunization of SIV VLP plus CT. |
| 200 | 12057610 | To study whether SIV VLPs represent effective mucosal immunogens, we immunized groups of mice with VLPs alone or VLPs plus the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) by the intranasal (i.n.) route. |
| 201 | 12057610 | High levels of serum IgG antibody production were achieved in mice immunized intranasally with SIV VLPs, and the antibody response was found to be antigen dose-dependent. |
| 202 | 12057610 | The IgG1 and IgG2a ratio indicates that immune responses induced by SIV VLPs are Th1 oriented. |
| 203 | 12057610 | Moreover, increased numbers of MHC I-restricted peptide-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing T cells were detected in both splenocytes and lymph nodes by intranasal immunization of SIV VLP plus CT. |
| 204 | 12057610 | To study whether SIV VLPs represent effective mucosal immunogens, we immunized groups of mice with VLPs alone or VLPs plus the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) by the intranasal (i.n.) route. |
| 205 | 12057610 | High levels of serum IgG antibody production were achieved in mice immunized intranasally with SIV VLPs, and the antibody response was found to be antigen dose-dependent. |
| 206 | 12057610 | The IgG1 and IgG2a ratio indicates that immune responses induced by SIV VLPs are Th1 oriented. |
| 207 | 12057610 | Moreover, increased numbers of MHC I-restricted peptide-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing T cells were detected in both splenocytes and lymph nodes by intranasal immunization of SIV VLP plus CT. |
| 208 | 12390544 | Protection by SIV VLP DNA prime/protein boost following mucosal SIV challenge is markedly enhanced by IL-12/GM-CSF co-administration. |
| 209 | 12390544 | Thus, groups of monkeys were administered three consecutive doses of pVecB7 a plasmid expressing VLP with or without plasmids expressing IL-12 and GM-CSF at weeks 0, 13 and 26. |
| 210 | 12390544 | While all immunized monkeys showed a marked reduction of acute viral peaks, reduction of viral load set points was only achieved in groups whose prime-boost immunizations were supplemented with IL-12/GM-CSF (prime) and/or with IL-12 (boost). |
| 211 | 12390544 | In summary, use of IL-12 and/or GM-CSF was shown to provide significant differences in the outcome of SIV challenge of prime/boost immunized monkeys. |
| 212 | 12391187 | Containment of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in vaccinated macaques: correlation with the magnitude of virus-specific pre- and postchallenge CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 213 | 12391187 | The control of viremia in these macaques was long lasting and inversely correlated to the level of both pre- and postchallenge Gag-specific lymphoproliferative responses, as well as to the level of total SIV-specific CD4(+) T lymphocyte responses at the peak of acute viremia as detected by intracellular cytokine-staining assay. |
| 214 | 12396605 | Responses to SIV Nef were assessed in 16 macaques also immunized with Ad5hr-SIVnef. |
| 215 | 12477432 | Co-immunization of rhesus macaques with plasmid vectors expressing IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, and SIV antigens enhances anti-viral humoral immunity but does not affect viremia after challenge with highly pathogenic virus. |
| 216 | 12477432 | To investigate the adjuvant capacity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon (IFN-gamma), we cloned these rhesus cytokines into a mammalian expression vector. |
| 217 | 12477432 | Two groups of six rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) received intradermal immunizations of plasmid DNA coding for SIV Eng and Gag, and influenza virus nucleoprotein (Flu-NP), with or without the co-administration of plasmid DNA coding for these cytokines. |
| 218 | 12477432 | Co-immunization of rhesus macaques with plasmid vectors expressing IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, and SIV antigens enhances anti-viral humoral immunity but does not affect viremia after challenge with highly pathogenic virus. |
| 219 | 12477432 | To investigate the adjuvant capacity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon (IFN-gamma), we cloned these rhesus cytokines into a mammalian expression vector. |
| 220 | 12477432 | Two groups of six rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) received intradermal immunizations of plasmid DNA coding for SIV Eng and Gag, and influenza virus nucleoprotein (Flu-NP), with or without the co-administration of plasmid DNA coding for these cytokines. |
| 221 | 12490410 | Similarly, both vaccines elicited comparable lymphoproliferative responses (LPRs) to the SIV p27 Gag and gp120 Env proteins. |
| 222 | 12502820 | The vaccine was composed of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120, NefTat fusion protein, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef formulated in the clinically tested adjuvant AS02A. |
| 223 | 12519209 | SIV-specific immune responses, including IgG and IgA binding antibodies in sera and mucosal secretions, IgG and IgA secreting cells in peripheral blood, IgG neutralizing antibodies, T-cell proliferative responses, and interferon-gamma secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were evaluated pre- and post-surgery in macaques immunized with adenovirus-SIV recombinant vaccines and SIV envelope protein and in SIV-infected macaques. |
| 224 | 12710504 | The cervicovaginal mucosa contains a complete set of immune cells, including antigen-presenting cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells. |
| 225 | 12710504 | HIV/SIV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are present in the cervicovaginal mucosa of infected women and rhesus macaques. |
| 226 | 12885879 | Macaques primed with all three recombinants displayed significant down-modulation in numbers of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-secreting cells specific for SIV Nef, and the Env- and Gag-specific responses were also diminished. |
| 227 | 12885879 | Down-modulation was seen only during the period of Ad5hr-recombinant priming, not during subunit boosting, although SIV-specific IFN-gamma-secreting cells persisted. |
| 228 | 12885879 | Macaques primed with all three recombinants displayed significant down-modulation in numbers of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-secreting cells specific for SIV Nef, and the Env- and Gag-specific responses were also diminished. |
| 229 | 12885879 | Down-modulation was seen only during the period of Ad5hr-recombinant priming, not during subunit boosting, although SIV-specific IFN-gamma-secreting cells persisted. |
| 230 | 12919752 | Active proteins such as GFP, CAT, and SIV p27 were expressed within infected cells. |
| 231 | 12969547 | Use of interleukin 15 to enhance interferon-gamma production by antigen-specific stimulated lymphocytes from rhesus macaques. |
| 232 | 12969547 | Interleukin (IL)-15 has been demonstrated to stimulate expansion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and to regulate homeostatic proliferation of CD8+ memory cells. |
| 233 | 12969547 | We evaluated the in vitro effect of IL-15 to increase the detection of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by antigen-specific stimulated lymphocytes from a group of rhesus macaques exposed to simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) and a second group infected with SIVmac251, before and after antiretroviral treatment (ART). |
| 234 | 12969547 | Results from these studies demonstrate that the presence of IL-15 during stimulation in a peptide-based ELISPOT assay greatly enhanced IFN-gamma production in both SHIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques. |
| 235 | 12969547 | IFN-gamma production was mainly mediated by CD8 lymphocytes. |
| 236 | 12969547 | The optimal concentrations of IL-15 that give enhancement of IFN-gamma production to specific antigen, without a significant increase in the spontaneous IFN-gamma release, ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 ng/ml. |
| 237 | 12969547 | Similarly, in SIV-infected macaques, IL-15 increased the mean number of IFN-gamma spots 2.7-fold in response to both SIV gag and env peptide pools. |
| 238 | 14501788 | Presentation of exogenous whole inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus by mature dendritic cells induces CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. |
| 239 | 14501788 | AT-2 SIV interacts authentically with T cells and DCs and thus allows assessment of natural SIV-specific responses. |
| 240 | 14501788 | CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from blood or lymph nodes of SIV-infected macaques released interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) and proliferated in response to a variety of AT-2 SIV isolates. |
| 241 | 14501788 | Presentation of Ags derived from AT-2 SIV by DCs was more potent than presentation by comparably Ag-loaded monocytes. |
| 242 | 14501788 | Interestingly, SIV-pulsed mature DCs stimulated both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, whereas immature DCs primarily stimulated CD4+ T cells. |
| 243 | 14694116 | The long-term challenge outcome in vaccinated monkeys was correlated with the relative balance between SIV-specific IFN-gamma T-cell responses and nonspecific IFN-gamma-driven inflammation. |
| 244 | 14694116 | In contrast, both high tissue IFN-gamma mRNA levels and strong in vitro SIV-specific IFN-gamma T-cell responses were detected in lymphoid tissues of vaccinated-unprotected monkeys. |
| 245 | 14694116 | In addition, in lymphoid tissues of vaccinated-unprotected and unvaccinated monkeys, the increased IFN-gamma mRNA levels were associated with increased Mig/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, and CXCR3 mRNA levels, suggesting that increased Mig/CXCL9 and IP-10/CXCL10 expression resulted in recruitment of CXCR3(+) activated T cells. |
| 246 | 14694116 | The long-term challenge outcome in vaccinated monkeys was correlated with the relative balance between SIV-specific IFN-gamma T-cell responses and nonspecific IFN-gamma-driven inflammation. |
| 247 | 14694116 | In contrast, both high tissue IFN-gamma mRNA levels and strong in vitro SIV-specific IFN-gamma T-cell responses were detected in lymphoid tissues of vaccinated-unprotected monkeys. |
| 248 | 14694116 | In addition, in lymphoid tissues of vaccinated-unprotected and unvaccinated monkeys, the increased IFN-gamma mRNA levels were associated with increased Mig/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, and CXCR3 mRNA levels, suggesting that increased Mig/CXCL9 and IP-10/CXCL10 expression resulted in recruitment of CXCR3(+) activated T cells. |
| 249 | 14722263 | The core enhancer and promoter sequences of the SIV macaque 239nefstop strain (NF-kappaB/Sp1 region from -114 bp to mRNA start) have been exchanged for those of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter (CMV-IE; from -525 bp to mRNA start). |
| 250 | 14741150 | Avipox-based simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines elicit a high frequency of SIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in vaccinia-experienced SIVmac251-infected macaques. |
| 251 | 14741150 | The ability of ALVAC- or fowlpox-based simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines to boost SIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses was tested in 10 vaccinia-experienced macaques infected with SIVmac251. |
| 252 | 14741150 | The overall CD8+ T-cell response to Gag was assessed using a peptide pool encompassing the entire Gag protein followed by measurement of TNF-alpha production in ICS assay. |
| 253 | 14741150 | Similarly, virus-specific CD4+ T-cell responses were measured by ICS for TNF-alpha following stimulation with the Gag-overlapping peptide and by proliferative response following stimulation with purified p27 Gag. |
| 254 | 14741150 | The two vaccine modalities effectively boosted both CD4+ and CD8+ SIV-specific T-cell response despite prior exposure to the vaccinia-derivative NYVAC vector, suggesting that sequential boosting with either avipox-based vector vaccine candidate is a realistic approach in immune therapy of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. |
| 255 | 14741150 | Avipox-based simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines elicit a high frequency of SIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in vaccinia-experienced SIVmac251-infected macaques. |
| 256 | 14741150 | The ability of ALVAC- or fowlpox-based simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines to boost SIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses was tested in 10 vaccinia-experienced macaques infected with SIVmac251. |
| 257 | 14741150 | The overall CD8+ T-cell response to Gag was assessed using a peptide pool encompassing the entire Gag protein followed by measurement of TNF-alpha production in ICS assay. |
| 258 | 14741150 | Similarly, virus-specific CD4+ T-cell responses were measured by ICS for TNF-alpha following stimulation with the Gag-overlapping peptide and by proliferative response following stimulation with purified p27 Gag. |
| 259 | 14741150 | The two vaccine modalities effectively boosted both CD4+ and CD8+ SIV-specific T-cell response despite prior exposure to the vaccinia-derivative NYVAC vector, suggesting that sequential boosting with either avipox-based vector vaccine candidate is a realistic approach in immune therapy of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. |
| 260 | 14741150 | Avipox-based simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines elicit a high frequency of SIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in vaccinia-experienced SIVmac251-infected macaques. |
| 261 | 14741150 | The ability of ALVAC- or fowlpox-based simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines to boost SIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses was tested in 10 vaccinia-experienced macaques infected with SIVmac251. |
| 262 | 14741150 | The overall CD8+ T-cell response to Gag was assessed using a peptide pool encompassing the entire Gag protein followed by measurement of TNF-alpha production in ICS assay. |
| 263 | 14741150 | Similarly, virus-specific CD4+ T-cell responses were measured by ICS for TNF-alpha following stimulation with the Gag-overlapping peptide and by proliferative response following stimulation with purified p27 Gag. |
| 264 | 14741150 | The two vaccine modalities effectively boosted both CD4+ and CD8+ SIV-specific T-cell response despite prior exposure to the vaccinia-derivative NYVAC vector, suggesting that sequential boosting with either avipox-based vector vaccine candidate is a realistic approach in immune therapy of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. |
| 265 | 15067316 | Blockade of T cell costimulation reveals interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in control of SIV replication. |
| 266 | 15067316 | In vivo blockade of CD28 and CD40 T cell costimulation pathways during acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques was performed to assess the relative contributions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Ab responses in modulating SIV replication and disease progression. |
| 267 | 15067316 | Transient administration of CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40L mAb to SIV-infected rhesus macaques resulted in dramatic inhibition of the generation of both SIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 268 | 15067316 | Acute levels of proliferating CD8+ T cells were associated with early control of SIV viremia but did not predict ensuing set point viremia or survival. |
| 269 | 15067316 | The level of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation during acute SIV infection correlated with concomitant peak levels of SIV plasma viremia, whereas measures of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation that extended into chronic infection correlated with lower SIV viral load and increased survival. |
| 270 | 15067316 | These results suggest that proliferating CD4+ T cells function both as sources of virus production and as antiviral effectors and that increased levels of CD4+ T cell proliferation during SIV infections reflect antigen-driven antiviral responses rather than a compensatory homeostatic response. |
| 271 | 15067316 | These results highlight the interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo that modulate SIV replication and pathogenesis. |
| 272 | 15067316 | Blockade of T cell costimulation reveals interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in control of SIV replication. |
| 273 | 15067316 | In vivo blockade of CD28 and CD40 T cell costimulation pathways during acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques was performed to assess the relative contributions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Ab responses in modulating SIV replication and disease progression. |
| 274 | 15067316 | Transient administration of CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40L mAb to SIV-infected rhesus macaques resulted in dramatic inhibition of the generation of both SIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 275 | 15067316 | Acute levels of proliferating CD8+ T cells were associated with early control of SIV viremia but did not predict ensuing set point viremia or survival. |
| 276 | 15067316 | The level of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation during acute SIV infection correlated with concomitant peak levels of SIV plasma viremia, whereas measures of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation that extended into chronic infection correlated with lower SIV viral load and increased survival. |
| 277 | 15067316 | These results suggest that proliferating CD4+ T cells function both as sources of virus production and as antiviral effectors and that increased levels of CD4+ T cell proliferation during SIV infections reflect antigen-driven antiviral responses rather than a compensatory homeostatic response. |
| 278 | 15067316 | These results highlight the interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo that modulate SIV replication and pathogenesis. |
| 279 | 15067316 | Blockade of T cell costimulation reveals interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in control of SIV replication. |
| 280 | 15067316 | In vivo blockade of CD28 and CD40 T cell costimulation pathways during acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques was performed to assess the relative contributions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Ab responses in modulating SIV replication and disease progression. |
| 281 | 15067316 | Transient administration of CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40L mAb to SIV-infected rhesus macaques resulted in dramatic inhibition of the generation of both SIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 282 | 15067316 | Acute levels of proliferating CD8+ T cells were associated with early control of SIV viremia but did not predict ensuing set point viremia or survival. |
| 283 | 15067316 | The level of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation during acute SIV infection correlated with concomitant peak levels of SIV plasma viremia, whereas measures of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation that extended into chronic infection correlated with lower SIV viral load and increased survival. |
| 284 | 15067316 | These results suggest that proliferating CD4+ T cells function both as sources of virus production and as antiviral effectors and that increased levels of CD4+ T cell proliferation during SIV infections reflect antigen-driven antiviral responses rather than a compensatory homeostatic response. |
| 285 | 15067316 | These results highlight the interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo that modulate SIV replication and pathogenesis. |
| 286 | 15067316 | Blockade of T cell costimulation reveals interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in control of SIV replication. |
| 287 | 15067316 | In vivo blockade of CD28 and CD40 T cell costimulation pathways during acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques was performed to assess the relative contributions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Ab responses in modulating SIV replication and disease progression. |
| 288 | 15067316 | Transient administration of CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40L mAb to SIV-infected rhesus macaques resulted in dramatic inhibition of the generation of both SIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 289 | 15067316 | Acute levels of proliferating CD8+ T cells were associated with early control of SIV viremia but did not predict ensuing set point viremia or survival. |
| 290 | 15067316 | The level of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation during acute SIV infection correlated with concomitant peak levels of SIV plasma viremia, whereas measures of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation that extended into chronic infection correlated with lower SIV viral load and increased survival. |
| 291 | 15067316 | These results suggest that proliferating CD4+ T cells function both as sources of virus production and as antiviral effectors and that increased levels of CD4+ T cell proliferation during SIV infections reflect antigen-driven antiviral responses rather than a compensatory homeostatic response. |
| 292 | 15067316 | These results highlight the interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo that modulate SIV replication and pathogenesis. |
| 293 | 15067316 | Blockade of T cell costimulation reveals interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in control of SIV replication. |
| 294 | 15067316 | In vivo blockade of CD28 and CD40 T cell costimulation pathways during acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques was performed to assess the relative contributions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Ab responses in modulating SIV replication and disease progression. |
| 295 | 15067316 | Transient administration of CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40L mAb to SIV-infected rhesus macaques resulted in dramatic inhibition of the generation of both SIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 296 | 15067316 | Acute levels of proliferating CD8+ T cells were associated with early control of SIV viremia but did not predict ensuing set point viremia or survival. |
| 297 | 15067316 | The level of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation during acute SIV infection correlated with concomitant peak levels of SIV plasma viremia, whereas measures of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation that extended into chronic infection correlated with lower SIV viral load and increased survival. |
| 298 | 15067316 | These results suggest that proliferating CD4+ T cells function both as sources of virus production and as antiviral effectors and that increased levels of CD4+ T cell proliferation during SIV infections reflect antigen-driven antiviral responses rather than a compensatory homeostatic response. |
| 299 | 15067316 | These results highlight the interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo that modulate SIV replication and pathogenesis. |
| 300 | 15067316 | Blockade of T cell costimulation reveals interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in control of SIV replication. |
| 301 | 15067316 | In vivo blockade of CD28 and CD40 T cell costimulation pathways during acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques was performed to assess the relative contributions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Ab responses in modulating SIV replication and disease progression. |
| 302 | 15067316 | Transient administration of CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40L mAb to SIV-infected rhesus macaques resulted in dramatic inhibition of the generation of both SIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 303 | 15067316 | Acute levels of proliferating CD8+ T cells were associated with early control of SIV viremia but did not predict ensuing set point viremia or survival. |
| 304 | 15067316 | The level of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation during acute SIV infection correlated with concomitant peak levels of SIV plasma viremia, whereas measures of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation that extended into chronic infection correlated with lower SIV viral load and increased survival. |
| 305 | 15067316 | These results suggest that proliferating CD4+ T cells function both as sources of virus production and as antiviral effectors and that increased levels of CD4+ T cell proliferation during SIV infections reflect antigen-driven antiviral responses rather than a compensatory homeostatic response. |
| 306 | 15067316 | These results highlight the interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo that modulate SIV replication and pathogenesis. |
| 307 | 15067316 | Blockade of T cell costimulation reveals interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in control of SIV replication. |
| 308 | 15067316 | In vivo blockade of CD28 and CD40 T cell costimulation pathways during acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques was performed to assess the relative contributions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Ab responses in modulating SIV replication and disease progression. |
| 309 | 15067316 | Transient administration of CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40L mAb to SIV-infected rhesus macaques resulted in dramatic inhibition of the generation of both SIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. |
| 310 | 15067316 | Acute levels of proliferating CD8+ T cells were associated with early control of SIV viremia but did not predict ensuing set point viremia or survival. |
| 311 | 15067316 | The level of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation during acute SIV infection correlated with concomitant peak levels of SIV plasma viremia, whereas measures of in vivo CD4+ T cell proliferation that extended into chronic infection correlated with lower SIV viral load and increased survival. |
| 312 | 15067316 | These results suggest that proliferating CD4+ T cells function both as sources of virus production and as antiviral effectors and that increased levels of CD4+ T cell proliferation during SIV infections reflect antigen-driven antiviral responses rather than a compensatory homeostatic response. |
| 313 | 15067316 | These results highlight the interrelated actions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo that modulate SIV replication and pathogenesis. |
| 314 | 15218180 | Analysis of SIV-specific T-cell levels by detection of SIV-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production revealed that these two macaques maintained SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells, even after loss of control, but lost SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells when plasma viral loads increased. |
| 315 | 15218180 | The remaining macaque kept viral loads at low levels and maintained SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells, as well as CD8(+) T cells, for more than 3 years. |
| 316 | 15218180 | Additional analysis using macaques vaccinated with a Gag-expressing Sendai virus vector also found loss of viraemia control, with loss of SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells in the chronic phase of SIV infection. |
| 317 | 15218180 | Thus, SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells that were able to produce IFN-gamma in response to SIV antigens were preserved by the vaccine-based partial control of primary SIV replication, but were lost with abrogation of control in the chronic phase. |
| 318 | 15218180 | Analysis of SIV-specific T-cell levels by detection of SIV-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production revealed that these two macaques maintained SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells, even after loss of control, but lost SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells when plasma viral loads increased. |
| 319 | 15218180 | The remaining macaque kept viral loads at low levels and maintained SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells, as well as CD8(+) T cells, for more than 3 years. |
| 320 | 15218180 | Additional analysis using macaques vaccinated with a Gag-expressing Sendai virus vector also found loss of viraemia control, with loss of SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells in the chronic phase of SIV infection. |
| 321 | 15218180 | Thus, SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells that were able to produce IFN-gamma in response to SIV antigens were preserved by the vaccine-based partial control of primary SIV replication, but were lost with abrogation of control in the chronic phase. |
| 322 | 15218180 | Analysis of SIV-specific T-cell levels by detection of SIV-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production revealed that these two macaques maintained SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells, even after loss of control, but lost SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells when plasma viral loads increased. |
| 323 | 15218180 | The remaining macaque kept viral loads at low levels and maintained SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells, as well as CD8(+) T cells, for more than 3 years. |
| 324 | 15218180 | Additional analysis using macaques vaccinated with a Gag-expressing Sendai virus vector also found loss of viraemia control, with loss of SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells in the chronic phase of SIV infection. |
| 325 | 15218180 | Thus, SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells that were able to produce IFN-gamma in response to SIV antigens were preserved by the vaccine-based partial control of primary SIV replication, but were lost with abrogation of control in the chronic phase. |
| 326 | 15218180 | Analysis of SIV-specific T-cell levels by detection of SIV-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production revealed that these two macaques maintained SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells, even after loss of control, but lost SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells when plasma viral loads increased. |
| 327 | 15218180 | The remaining macaque kept viral loads at low levels and maintained SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells, as well as CD8(+) T cells, for more than 3 years. |
| 328 | 15218180 | Additional analysis using macaques vaccinated with a Gag-expressing Sendai virus vector also found loss of viraemia control, with loss of SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells in the chronic phase of SIV infection. |
| 329 | 15218180 | Thus, SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells that were able to produce IFN-gamma in response to SIV antigens were preserved by the vaccine-based partial control of primary SIV replication, but were lost with abrogation of control in the chronic phase. |
| 330 | 15265893 | There are two principle subsets of dendritic cells (DCs); CD11c(+)CD123(-) myeloid DCs (MDCs) and CD11c(-)CD123(+) plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs). |
| 331 | 15265893 | Using lineage (Lin) markers to exclude non-DCs, Lin(-)HLA-DR(+)CD11c(+)CD123(-) MDCs and Lin(-)HLA-DR(+)CD11c(-)CD123(+) PDCs were identified in the blood of uninfected macaques and healthy macaques infected with SIV or simian-human immunodeficiency virus. |
| 332 | 15265893 | Overnight culture of DC-enriched Lin-depleted cells increased CD80 and CD86 expression. |
| 333 | 15265893 | IL-12 production and CD80/CD86 expression by MDC/PDC mixtures was further enhanced by CD40L and ISS-ODN treatment. |
| 334 | 15265893 | A CpG-B ISS-ODN increased CD80/CD86 expression by PDCs, but resulted in little IFN-alpha secretion unless IL-3 was added. |
| 335 | 15265893 | In contrast, a CpG-C ISS-ODN and aldrithiol-2-inactivated (AT-2) SIV induced considerable PDC activation and IFN-alpha release without needing exogenous IL-3. |
| 336 | 15265893 | The CpG-C ISS-ODN also stimulated IL-12 release (unlike AT-2 SIV) and augmented DC immunostimulatory activity, increasing SIV-specific T cell IFN-gamma production induced by AT-2 SIV-presenting MDC/PDC-enriched mixtures. |
| 337 | 15265893 | These data highlight the functional capacities of MDCs and PDCs in naive as well as healthy, infected macaques, revealing a promising CpG-C ISS-ODN-driven DC activation strategy that boosts immune function to augment preventative and therapeutic vaccine efficacy. |
| 338 | 15297611 | By using small-molecule competitors specific for CCR5 and CXCR4 in ex vivo assays, we found that highly pathogenic SHIV(DH12R) exclusively uses CXCR4 for infection of rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells, whereas SIV(mac239) and SIV(smE543) use CCR5 for entry into the same cells. |
| 339 | 15297611 | During the period of peak virus production in SHIV(DH12R)- or SHIV(89.6P)-infected rhesus monkeys, massive elimination of CXCR4(+) naïve CD4(+) T cells occurred. |
| 340 | 15297611 | In contrast, circulating CCR5(+) memory CD4(+) T cells were selectively depleted in rapidly progressing SIV-infected monkeys. |
| 341 | 15356916 | We targeted the SIV CCR5 coreceptor in a combined CCR5-SIV antigen immunization strategy. |
| 342 | 15381725 | Two groups have shown that, as in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), intestinal CD4(+) T cells are selectively and rapidly depleted in the intestine of HIV-infected patients. |
| 343 | 15470050 | As a result, these two molecules account for virtually all known MHC class I-restricted SIV-derived CD8+ T cell epitopes. |
| 344 | 15470050 | The synthesis of five Mamu-A*02 tetramers demonstrated the discrepancy between tetramer binding and IFN-gamma secretion by SIV-specific CD8+ T cells during chronic SIV infection. |
| 345 | 15470050 | As a result, these two molecules account for virtually all known MHC class I-restricted SIV-derived CD8+ T cell epitopes. |
| 346 | 15470050 | The synthesis of five Mamu-A*02 tetramers demonstrated the discrepancy between tetramer binding and IFN-gamma secretion by SIV-specific CD8+ T cells during chronic SIV infection. |
| 347 | 15518803 | Use of a Clostridium perfringens vector to express high levels of SIV p27 protein for the development of an oral SIV vaccine. |
| 348 | 15518803 | Here we report the construction of a recombinant C. perfringens vaccine vector expressing high levels of SIV p27 during sporulation. |
| 349 | 15518803 | Furthermore, dendritic cells (DCs) beneath the mucosal surface in the PPs were able to capture SIV p27 antigen, when PPs were exposed to C. perfringens expressing SIV p27 antigen. |
| 350 | 15518803 | Use of a Clostridium perfringens vector to express high levels of SIV p27 protein for the development of an oral SIV vaccine. |
| 351 | 15518803 | Here we report the construction of a recombinant C. perfringens vaccine vector expressing high levels of SIV p27 during sporulation. |
| 352 | 15518803 | Furthermore, dendritic cells (DCs) beneath the mucosal surface in the PPs were able to capture SIV p27 antigen, when PPs were exposed to C. perfringens expressing SIV p27 antigen. |
| 353 | 15518803 | Use of a Clostridium perfringens vector to express high levels of SIV p27 protein for the development of an oral SIV vaccine. |
| 354 | 15518803 | Here we report the construction of a recombinant C. perfringens vaccine vector expressing high levels of SIV p27 during sporulation. |
| 355 | 15518803 | Furthermore, dendritic cells (DCs) beneath the mucosal surface in the PPs were able to capture SIV p27 antigen, when PPs were exposed to C. perfringens expressing SIV p27 antigen. |
| 356 | 15699118 | Contrasting effects of low-dose IL-2 on vaccine-boosted simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. |
| 357 | 15699118 | In this study, we investigated how continuous low-dose IL-2 affected the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response induced by two inoculations of a canarypox recombinant SIV-based vaccine candidate in healthy macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. |
| 358 | 15699118 | Vaccination in the presence of IL-2 significantly augmented Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses, but actually reduced Gag-specific CD4+ T cell responses. |
| 359 | 15699118 | Although IL-2 at low doses did not change the overall concentration of circulating CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, it expanded the frequency of CD4+CD25+ T cells. |
| 360 | 15699118 | Depletion of the CD4+CD25+ T cells in vitro, however, did not result in a reconstitution of Gag-specific CD4+ responses or augmentation of SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 361 | 15699118 | Thus, we conclude that the decrease in virus-specific CD4+ T cell response may be due to IL-2-promoted redistribution of cells from the circulation, or due to Ag-induced cell death, rather than suppression by a T regulatory population. |
| 362 | 15721357 | Decreased levels of plasma viremia in vaccinated animals were evident as early as 7 days post-challenge, well before the expansion of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 363 | 15721357 | Expansion of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells was not observed in peripheral blood or tissues until at least 14 days after infection and did not occur in most animals until after the initial peak of viral replication. |
| 364 | 15721357 | The observation that expansion of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells is delayed until 7 days or more after initial detection of viremia highlights fundamental limitations in the ability of lentivirus-specific CD8+ T cells to mediate protection against challenge. |
| 365 | 15721357 | Decreased levels of plasma viremia in vaccinated animals were evident as early as 7 days post-challenge, well before the expansion of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 366 | 15721357 | Expansion of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells was not observed in peripheral blood or tissues until at least 14 days after infection and did not occur in most animals until after the initial peak of viral replication. |
| 367 | 15721357 | The observation that expansion of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells is delayed until 7 days or more after initial detection of viremia highlights fundamental limitations in the ability of lentivirus-specific CD8+ T cells to mediate protection against challenge. |
| 368 | 15721357 | Decreased levels of plasma viremia in vaccinated animals were evident as early as 7 days post-challenge, well before the expansion of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 369 | 15721357 | Expansion of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells was not observed in peripheral blood or tissues until at least 14 days after infection and did not occur in most animals until after the initial peak of viral replication. |
| 370 | 15721357 | The observation that expansion of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells is delayed until 7 days or more after initial detection of viremia highlights fundamental limitations in the ability of lentivirus-specific CD8+ T cells to mediate protection against challenge. |
| 371 | 15919908 | It has been shown previously that the nonstructural protein NS1 of influenza virus is an alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) antagonist, both in vitro and in experimental animal model systems. |
| 372 | 15919908 | Here we investigated the role of the NS1 protein in the virulence of a swine influenza virus (SIV) isolate in pigs by using reverse genetics. |
| 373 | 15919908 | Growth properties of TX/98 viruses with mutated NS1, induction of IFN in tissue culture, and virulence-attenuation in pigs were analyzed and compared to those of the recombinant wild-type TX/98 virus. |
| 374 | 15919908 | Our results indicate that deletions in the NS1 protein decrease the ability of the TX/98 virus to prevent IFN-alpha/beta synthesis in pig cells. |
| 375 | 15919908 | Moreover, all NS1 mutant viruses were attenuated in pigs, and this correlated with the amount of IFN-alpha/beta induced in vitro. |
| 376 | 15919908 | These data suggest that the NS1 protein of SIV is a virulence factor. |
| 377 | 15919908 | Due to their attenuation, NS1-mutated swine influenza viruses might have a great potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates against SIV infections of pigs. |
| 378 | 15919908 | It has been shown previously that the nonstructural protein NS1 of influenza virus is an alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) antagonist, both in vitro and in experimental animal model systems. |
| 379 | 15919908 | Here we investigated the role of the NS1 protein in the virulence of a swine influenza virus (SIV) isolate in pigs by using reverse genetics. |
| 380 | 15919908 | Growth properties of TX/98 viruses with mutated NS1, induction of IFN in tissue culture, and virulence-attenuation in pigs were analyzed and compared to those of the recombinant wild-type TX/98 virus. |
| 381 | 15919908 | Our results indicate that deletions in the NS1 protein decrease the ability of the TX/98 virus to prevent IFN-alpha/beta synthesis in pig cells. |
| 382 | 15919908 | Moreover, all NS1 mutant viruses were attenuated in pigs, and this correlated with the amount of IFN-alpha/beta induced in vitro. |
| 383 | 15919908 | These data suggest that the NS1 protein of SIV is a virulence factor. |
| 384 | 15919908 | Due to their attenuation, NS1-mutated swine influenza viruses might have a great potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates against SIV infections of pigs. |
| 385 | 15919908 | It has been shown previously that the nonstructural protein NS1 of influenza virus is an alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) antagonist, both in vitro and in experimental animal model systems. |
| 386 | 15919908 | Here we investigated the role of the NS1 protein in the virulence of a swine influenza virus (SIV) isolate in pigs by using reverse genetics. |
| 387 | 15919908 | Growth properties of TX/98 viruses with mutated NS1, induction of IFN in tissue culture, and virulence-attenuation in pigs were analyzed and compared to those of the recombinant wild-type TX/98 virus. |
| 388 | 15919908 | Our results indicate that deletions in the NS1 protein decrease the ability of the TX/98 virus to prevent IFN-alpha/beta synthesis in pig cells. |
| 389 | 15919908 | Moreover, all NS1 mutant viruses were attenuated in pigs, and this correlated with the amount of IFN-alpha/beta induced in vitro. |
| 390 | 15919908 | These data suggest that the NS1 protein of SIV is a virulence factor. |
| 391 | 15919908 | Due to their attenuation, NS1-mutated swine influenza viruses might have a great potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates against SIV infections of pigs. |
| 392 | 15956558 | Interestingly, at the time of challenge, animals expressing the Mamu-A*01 major histocompatibility complex class I allele showed significantly higher frequencies of SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and lower neutralizing antibody titers than those in Mamu-A*01- animals. |
| 393 | 16061983 | In addition to CD4 and co-receptors (most often used CCR5 and CXCR6 by SIV), GHOST(3) cells have been engineered to express the green fluorescent protein following virus infection. |
| 394 | 16128921 | SIV DNA vaccine co-administered with IL-12 expression plasmid enhances CD8 SIV cellular immune responses in cynomolgus macaques. |
| 395 | 16128921 | The cDNA for macaque IL-12 and CD40L were cloned into DNA vectors. |
| 396 | 16128921 | Groups of cynomolgus macaques were immunized with 2 mg of plasmid expressing SIVgag alone or in combination with either IL-12 or CD40L. |
| 397 | 16128921 | The IL-12 expanded antigen-specific IFN-gamma positive effector cells as well as granzyme B production. |
| 398 | 16128921 | The vaccine immune responses contained both a CD8 component as well a CD4 component. |
| 399 | 16128921 | The adjuvanted DNA vaccines illustrate that IL-12 enhances a CD8 vaccine immune response, however, different cellular profiles. |
| 400 | 16274888 | Immunization with SIV DNA vaccine alone induced SIV-specific IFN-gamma ELISPOT responses in only two of four vaccinated macaques, whereas all animals developed SIV-specific T-cell responses and Env- and Tat-specific antibody responses following the rAd/SIV vaccine boost. |
| 401 | 16288822 | Cellular immune responses, monitored by SIV gag-specific IFN-gamma ELISpot assay, were also significantly higher (p=0.007, 0.019) when the pDNA vaccine was co-immunized with IL-12 pDNA at high and low doses. |
| 402 | 16386958 | Intradermal (i.d.) inoculation of guinea pigs with 0.1 mg of rBCG-SIVGag resulted in the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to both purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin and SIV Gag p27 protein; responses that were maintained for the duration of the 50-week study. |
| 403 | 16386958 | In contrast, guinea pigs orally vaccinated with 160 mg of the same antigen exhibited a long-lasting DTH response to the SIV Gag p27 protein, but mounted no response to PPD. |
| 404 | 16386958 | Proliferative responses to SIV Gag p27 and PPD antigens were detected in both i.d. and orally immunized animals; however, the levels of PPD-specific responses were significantly higher in guinea pigs immunized by the i.d. than the oral route. |
| 405 | 16386958 | A significant increase in the level of PPD- and SIV Gag p27-specific IFNgamma mRNA expression was also detected in both immunization groups receiving rBCG-SIVGag. |
| 406 | 16386958 | In addition, both i.d. and oral immunization with rBCG-SIVGag induced PPD- and SIV Gag p27-specific serum IgG responses. |
| 407 | 16386958 | Intradermal (i.d.) inoculation of guinea pigs with 0.1 mg of rBCG-SIVGag resulted in the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to both purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin and SIV Gag p27 protein; responses that were maintained for the duration of the 50-week study. |
| 408 | 16386958 | In contrast, guinea pigs orally vaccinated with 160 mg of the same antigen exhibited a long-lasting DTH response to the SIV Gag p27 protein, but mounted no response to PPD. |
| 409 | 16386958 | Proliferative responses to SIV Gag p27 and PPD antigens were detected in both i.d. and orally immunized animals; however, the levels of PPD-specific responses were significantly higher in guinea pigs immunized by the i.d. than the oral route. |
| 410 | 16386958 | A significant increase in the level of PPD- and SIV Gag p27-specific IFNgamma mRNA expression was also detected in both immunization groups receiving rBCG-SIVGag. |
| 411 | 16386958 | In addition, both i.d. and oral immunization with rBCG-SIVGag induced PPD- and SIV Gag p27-specific serum IgG responses. |
| 412 | 16386958 | Intradermal (i.d.) inoculation of guinea pigs with 0.1 mg of rBCG-SIVGag resulted in the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to both purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin and SIV Gag p27 protein; responses that were maintained for the duration of the 50-week study. |
| 413 | 16386958 | In contrast, guinea pigs orally vaccinated with 160 mg of the same antigen exhibited a long-lasting DTH response to the SIV Gag p27 protein, but mounted no response to PPD. |
| 414 | 16386958 | Proliferative responses to SIV Gag p27 and PPD antigens were detected in both i.d. and orally immunized animals; however, the levels of PPD-specific responses were significantly higher in guinea pigs immunized by the i.d. than the oral route. |
| 415 | 16386958 | A significant increase in the level of PPD- and SIV Gag p27-specific IFNgamma mRNA expression was also detected in both immunization groups receiving rBCG-SIVGag. |
| 416 | 16386958 | In addition, both i.d. and oral immunization with rBCG-SIVGag induced PPD- and SIV Gag p27-specific serum IgG responses. |
| 417 | 16386958 | Intradermal (i.d.) inoculation of guinea pigs with 0.1 mg of rBCG-SIVGag resulted in the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to both purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin and SIV Gag p27 protein; responses that were maintained for the duration of the 50-week study. |
| 418 | 16386958 | In contrast, guinea pigs orally vaccinated with 160 mg of the same antigen exhibited a long-lasting DTH response to the SIV Gag p27 protein, but mounted no response to PPD. |
| 419 | 16386958 | Proliferative responses to SIV Gag p27 and PPD antigens were detected in both i.d. and orally immunized animals; however, the levels of PPD-specific responses were significantly higher in guinea pigs immunized by the i.d. than the oral route. |
| 420 | 16386958 | A significant increase in the level of PPD- and SIV Gag p27-specific IFNgamma mRNA expression was also detected in both immunization groups receiving rBCG-SIVGag. |
| 421 | 16386958 | In addition, both i.d. and oral immunization with rBCG-SIVGag induced PPD- and SIV Gag p27-specific serum IgG responses. |
| 422 | 16386958 | Intradermal (i.d.) inoculation of guinea pigs with 0.1 mg of rBCG-SIVGag resulted in the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to both purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin and SIV Gag p27 protein; responses that were maintained for the duration of the 50-week study. |
| 423 | 16386958 | In contrast, guinea pigs orally vaccinated with 160 mg of the same antigen exhibited a long-lasting DTH response to the SIV Gag p27 protein, but mounted no response to PPD. |
| 424 | 16386958 | Proliferative responses to SIV Gag p27 and PPD antigens were detected in both i.d. and orally immunized animals; however, the levels of PPD-specific responses were significantly higher in guinea pigs immunized by the i.d. than the oral route. |
| 425 | 16386958 | A significant increase in the level of PPD- and SIV Gag p27-specific IFNgamma mRNA expression was also detected in both immunization groups receiving rBCG-SIVGag. |
| 426 | 16386958 | In addition, both i.d. and oral immunization with rBCG-SIVGag induced PPD- and SIV Gag p27-specific serum IgG responses. |
| 427 | 16522814 | We found that while SIV-specific T-cell responses are detectable in the majority of animals, their magnitude and breadth are, in fact, lower than what has been described in HIV-infected humans, both in terms of cytokine production (ie, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2) and degranulation (ie, CD107a expression). |
| 428 | 16672547 | Using the SIV-macaque system to advance oral vaccine research, we examined macaque PDC and MDC biology, identifying ways to activate DCs and boost antiviral immunity. |
| 429 | 16672547 | Immunostimulatory oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ISS-ODNs) stimulated PDC/MDC mixtures to up-regulate co-stimulatory molecule expression and to secrete both IFN-alpha and IL-12. |
| 430 | 16672547 | Additionally, ISS-ODNs augmented SIV-specific IFN-gamma responses induced by virus-bearing DCs. |
| 431 | 16691294 | IL-15 induces CD4 effector memory T cell production and tissue emigration in nonhuman primates. |
| 432 | 16691294 | Here, we demonstrate that IL-15 dramatically increases in vivo proliferation of rhesus macaque (RM) CD4+ and CD8+ T EM cells with little effect on the naive or central memory T (T CM) cell subsets, a response pattern that is quite distinct from that of either IL-2 or IL-7. |
| 433 | 16691294 | In RMs with uncontrolled SIV infection and highly activated immune systems, IL-15 did not significantly increase CD4+ T EM cell proliferation, but with virologic control and concomitant reduction in immune activation by ART, IL-15 responsiveness was again observed. |
| 434 | 16691294 | These data suggest that therapeutic use of IL-15 in the setting of ART might facilitate specific restoration of the CD4 + T cell compartment that is the primary target of HIV with less risk of exhausting precursor T cell compartments or generating potentially deleterious regulatory subsets. |
| 435 | 16896154 | CTLA-4 blockade decreases TGF-beta, IDO, and viral RNA expression in tissues of SIVmac251-infected macaques. |
| 436 | 16896154 | Regulatory T (T(reg)) cells are a subset of CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells that constitutively express high levels of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and suppress T-cell activation and effector functions. |
| 437 | 16896154 | CTLA-4 blockade decreased expression of the tryptophan-depleting enzyme IDO and the level of the suppressive cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in tissues. |
| 438 | 16896154 | CTLA-4 blockade was associated with decreased viral RNA levels in lymph nodes and an increase in the effector function of both SIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 439 | 16904153 | A DNA prime-oral Listeria boost vaccine in rhesus macaques induces a SIV-specific CD8 T cell mucosal response characterized by high levels of alpha4beta7 integrin and an effector memory phenotype. |
| 440 | 16904153 | In this study in Rhesus macaques, we tested whether IL-12 or IL-15 in a DNA prime-oral Listeria boost amplifies the SIV-Gag-specific CD8 mucosal response. |
| 441 | 16904153 | SIV-specific CD8 T cells were demonstrated in the peripheral blood (PB) in all test vaccine groups, but not the control group. |
| 442 | 16904153 | Neither Il-12 nor IL-15 amplified the frequency of SIV-specific CD8 T cells in the gut. |
| 443 | 16904153 | A DNA prime-oral Listeria boost vaccine in rhesus macaques induces a SIV-specific CD8 T cell mucosal response characterized by high levels of alpha4beta7 integrin and an effector memory phenotype. |
| 444 | 16904153 | In this study in Rhesus macaques, we tested whether IL-12 or IL-15 in a DNA prime-oral Listeria boost amplifies the SIV-Gag-specific CD8 mucosal response. |
| 445 | 16904153 | SIV-specific CD8 T cells were demonstrated in the peripheral blood (PB) in all test vaccine groups, but not the control group. |
| 446 | 16904153 | Neither Il-12 nor IL-15 amplified the frequency of SIV-specific CD8 T cells in the gut. |
| 447 | 16934309 | Decreased number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that express the interleukin-7 receptor in blood and tissues of SIV-infected macaques. |
| 448 | 16934309 | In HIV/SIV infection, IL-7 expression is increased, likely to compensate for T cell loss, suggesting that supraphysiological administration of IL-7 could provide additional benefit. |
| 449 | 16934309 | However, the ability of T cells to respond to IL-7 is dependent on the level of expression of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) in T cells in various body compartments. |
| 450 | 16934309 | In here, we investigated the proportion of IL-7R(+) T cells in blood, spleen, gut, and genitourinary tract of healthy and SIV-infected macaques with various degrees of CD4(+) T cell depletion. |
| 451 | 16934309 | We found that the percentage of T cells expressing IL-7R was significantly lower in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets in SIV-infected macaques than in healthy animals and this decrease directly correlated with the CD4(+) T cell number. |
| 452 | 16934309 | Importantly, the proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressing IL-7R in blood paralleled that found in tissues. |
| 453 | 16934309 | IL-7R(+) T cells within the SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells varied and were lowest in most tissues of viremic macaques, likely reflecting continuous antigen stimulation of effector cells. |
| 454 | 16939702 | The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer of the sham-inoculated group (n = 12) showed continued antibody decay whereas piglets vaccinated with Ad-5 SIV (n = 23) developed an active immune response by the second week post-vaccination. |
| 455 | 16939702 | At 4 weeks-of-age when the HI titer of the sham-inoculated group had decayed to 45, the sham-inoculated group and half of the Ad-5 SIV vaccinated pigs were boosted with a commercial inactivated SIV vaccine. |
| 456 | 16939702 | These recombinant Ad-5 SIV vaccines are useful for priming the immune system to override the effects of maternally derived antibodies which interfere with conventional SIV vaccines. |
| 457 | 16939702 | The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer of the sham-inoculated group (n = 12) showed continued antibody decay whereas piglets vaccinated with Ad-5 SIV (n = 23) developed an active immune response by the second week post-vaccination. |
| 458 | 16939702 | At 4 weeks-of-age when the HI titer of the sham-inoculated group had decayed to 45, the sham-inoculated group and half of the Ad-5 SIV vaccinated pigs were boosted with a commercial inactivated SIV vaccine. |
| 459 | 16939702 | These recombinant Ad-5 SIV vaccines are useful for priming the immune system to override the effects of maternally derived antibodies which interfere with conventional SIV vaccines. |
| 460 | 16939702 | The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer of the sham-inoculated group (n = 12) showed continued antibody decay whereas piglets vaccinated with Ad-5 SIV (n = 23) developed an active immune response by the second week post-vaccination. |
| 461 | 16939702 | At 4 weeks-of-age when the HI titer of the sham-inoculated group had decayed to 45, the sham-inoculated group and half of the Ad-5 SIV vaccinated pigs were boosted with a commercial inactivated SIV vaccine. |
| 462 | 16939702 | These recombinant Ad-5 SIV vaccines are useful for priming the immune system to override the effects of maternally derived antibodies which interfere with conventional SIV vaccines. |
| 463 | 16943292 | We have recently shown that survival in plasmid DNA-primed/recombinant adenovirus-boosted rhesus monkeys that are challenged with the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 is associated with the preservation postchallenge of central memory CD4(+) T lymphocytes and robust gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing SIV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte responses. |
| 464 | 16943292 | We show that the preservation of the SIV-specific central memory CD8(+) T-lymphocyte population and a linked SIV-specific CD4(+) T-lymphocyte response are associated with prolonged survival in vaccinated monkeys following challenge. |
| 465 | 16943292 | Furthermore, we demonstrate that SIV-specific IFN-gamma-, tumor necrosis factor alpha-, and interleukin-2-producing T lymphocytes are all comparably associated with protection against disease progression. |
| 466 | 16943292 | We have recently shown that survival in plasmid DNA-primed/recombinant adenovirus-boosted rhesus monkeys that are challenged with the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 is associated with the preservation postchallenge of central memory CD4(+) T lymphocytes and robust gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing SIV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte responses. |
| 467 | 16943292 | We show that the preservation of the SIV-specific central memory CD8(+) T-lymphocyte population and a linked SIV-specific CD4(+) T-lymphocyte response are associated with prolonged survival in vaccinated monkeys following challenge. |
| 468 | 16943292 | Furthermore, we demonstrate that SIV-specific IFN-gamma-, tumor necrosis factor alpha-, and interleukin-2-producing T lymphocytes are all comparably associated with protection against disease progression. |
| 469 | 16943292 | We have recently shown that survival in plasmid DNA-primed/recombinant adenovirus-boosted rhesus monkeys that are challenged with the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 is associated with the preservation postchallenge of central memory CD4(+) T lymphocytes and robust gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing SIV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-lymphocyte responses. |
| 470 | 16943292 | We show that the preservation of the SIV-specific central memory CD8(+) T-lymphocyte population and a linked SIV-specific CD4(+) T-lymphocyte response are associated with prolonged survival in vaccinated monkeys following challenge. |
| 471 | 16943292 | Furthermore, we demonstrate that SIV-specific IFN-gamma-, tumor necrosis factor alpha-, and interleukin-2-producing T lymphocytes are all comparably associated with protection against disease progression. |
| 472 | 17050602 | SIV Gag-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses were induced by sequential DNA/FPV vaccination, although lower FPV doses, VV/FPV vaccination, and DNA vaccines alone were not as consistently immunogenic. |
| 473 | 17108046 | Incorporation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor or CD40 ligand enhances immunogenicity of chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus-like particles. |
| 474 | 17108046 | To accomplish this we generated chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) VLPs containing either glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or CD40 ligand (CD40L) and investigated their biological activity and ability to enhance immune responses in vivo. |
| 475 | 17108046 | Immunization of mice with chimeric SIV VLPs containing GM-CSF induced SIV Env-specific antibodies as well as neutralizing activity at significantly higher levels than those induced by standard SIV VLPs, SIV VLPs containing CD40L, or standard VLPs mixed with soluble GM-CSF. |
| 476 | 17108046 | In addition, mice immunized with chimeric SIV VLPs containing either GM-CSF or CD40L showed significantly increased CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell responses to SIV Env, compared to standard SIV VLPs. |
| 477 | 17108046 | We propose that anchoring immunostimulatory molecules into SIV VLPs can be a promising approach to augmenting the efficacy of VLP antigens. |
| 478 | 17108046 | Incorporation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor or CD40 ligand enhances immunogenicity of chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus-like particles. |
| 479 | 17108046 | To accomplish this we generated chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) VLPs containing either glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or CD40 ligand (CD40L) and investigated their biological activity and ability to enhance immune responses in vivo. |
| 480 | 17108046 | Immunization of mice with chimeric SIV VLPs containing GM-CSF induced SIV Env-specific antibodies as well as neutralizing activity at significantly higher levels than those induced by standard SIV VLPs, SIV VLPs containing CD40L, or standard VLPs mixed with soluble GM-CSF. |
| 481 | 17108046 | In addition, mice immunized with chimeric SIV VLPs containing either GM-CSF or CD40L showed significantly increased CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell responses to SIV Env, compared to standard SIV VLPs. |
| 482 | 17108046 | We propose that anchoring immunostimulatory molecules into SIV VLPs can be a promising approach to augmenting the efficacy of VLP antigens. |
| 483 | 17108046 | Incorporation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor or CD40 ligand enhances immunogenicity of chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus-like particles. |
| 484 | 17108046 | To accomplish this we generated chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) VLPs containing either glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or CD40 ligand (CD40L) and investigated their biological activity and ability to enhance immune responses in vivo. |
| 485 | 17108046 | Immunization of mice with chimeric SIV VLPs containing GM-CSF induced SIV Env-specific antibodies as well as neutralizing activity at significantly higher levels than those induced by standard SIV VLPs, SIV VLPs containing CD40L, or standard VLPs mixed with soluble GM-CSF. |
| 486 | 17108046 | In addition, mice immunized with chimeric SIV VLPs containing either GM-CSF or CD40L showed significantly increased CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell responses to SIV Env, compared to standard SIV VLPs. |
| 487 | 17108046 | We propose that anchoring immunostimulatory molecules into SIV VLPs can be a promising approach to augmenting the efficacy of VLP antigens. |
| 488 | 17108046 | Incorporation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor or CD40 ligand enhances immunogenicity of chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus-like particles. |
| 489 | 17108046 | To accomplish this we generated chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) VLPs containing either glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or CD40 ligand (CD40L) and investigated their biological activity and ability to enhance immune responses in vivo. |
| 490 | 17108046 | Immunization of mice with chimeric SIV VLPs containing GM-CSF induced SIV Env-specific antibodies as well as neutralizing activity at significantly higher levels than those induced by standard SIV VLPs, SIV VLPs containing CD40L, or standard VLPs mixed with soluble GM-CSF. |
| 491 | 17108046 | In addition, mice immunized with chimeric SIV VLPs containing either GM-CSF or CD40L showed significantly increased CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell responses to SIV Env, compared to standard SIV VLPs. |
| 492 | 17108046 | We propose that anchoring immunostimulatory molecules into SIV VLPs can be a promising approach to augmenting the efficacy of VLP antigens. |
| 493 | 17142751 | We have shown that the CpG-C ISS-ODN C274 stimulates macaque blood dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells and augments SIV-specific IFN-gamma responses in vitro. |
| 494 | 17142751 | This was particularly apparent at the level of CD80 (less so CD86) expression by CD123(+) plasmacytoid DCs and was further boosted in the presence of additional C274 in vitro. |
| 495 | 17142751 | This was more pronounced when cells were exposed to additional stimuli in vitro, producing IFN-alpha, IL-3, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL8. |
| 496 | 17142751 | Elevated IFN-alpha, CCL2, and CCL5 were also detected in the plasma after C274 injection. |
| 497 | 17166912 | In conclusion, we demonstrated that the transduction of DCs in vitro with pseudotyped single-cycle SIVs expressing IFN-gamma increased DC activation and augmented T-cell priming activity. |
| 498 | 17179668 | Moreover, intradermal administration of rDIsSIV gag/pol or of MVA/SIV239 gag/pol elicited similar levels of IFN-gamma spot-forming cells specific for SIV Gag. |
| 499 | 17237418 | The strongest correlates of preserved CD4(+) T cell counts were a low percentage of circulating effector T cells (CD28(-)CD95(+) and/or IL-7R/CD127(-)) and a high percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. |
| 500 | 17237418 | The absence of AIDS in these "CD4(low)" naturally SIV-infected SMs defines a protective role of the reduced immune activation even in the context of a significant CD4(+) T cell depletion. |
| 501 | 17346134 | To determine if the anti-HIV-1 Gag(p55) immune interference was specific to HIV-1 Env(gp120), mice were co-immunized with plasmids expressing the surface envelope protein from two additional lentiviruses, Env(gp130)-SIV or Env(gp90)-EIAV, or a soluble form of hemagglutinin (sHA) from influenza virus and HIV-1 Gag(p55)- or SIV Gag(p55)-DNA. |
| 502 | 17376899 | Following infection, the majority (>95%) of Gag-specific CD8 T cells expressed PD-1, and the level of PD-1 expression per cell increased over time. |
| 503 | 17376899 | In vitro blockade of PD-1 resulted in enhanced proliferation of SIV-specific CD8 as well as CD4 T cells. |
| 504 | 17376899 | In contrast, following vaccination, the majority of peak effector Gag-specific CD8 T cells expressed low levels of PD-1, and these levels decreased further as the cells differentiated into memory cells. |
| 505 | 17376899 | In addition, following SHIV challenge of these vaccinated macaques, the level of PD-1 expression on Gag-specific CD8 T cells correlated positively with plasma viremia. |
| 506 | 17376899 | These results demonstrate that SIV-specific CD8 T cells express PD-1 after exposure to antigen but downregulate expression under conditions of antigen clearance and enhance expression under conditions of antigen persistence. |
| 507 | 17376899 | They also demonstrate that the level of PD-1 expression per cell rather than the presence or absence of expression plays an important role in regulating CD8 T-cell dysfunction in pathogenic SIV infection. |
| 508 | 17440051 | SIV-specific CD8+ T cells express high levels of PD1 and cytokines but have impaired proliferative capacity in acute and chronic SIVmac251 infection. |
| 509 | 17440051 | Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a critical mediator of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. |
| 510 | 17440051 | Here, we examined the expression of PD-1 on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8+ T cells and its possible involvement in regulation of cytokine production, proliferation, and survival of these cells. |
| 511 | 17440051 | The majority of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells expressed a PD-1(high) phenotype, independent of their differentiation status, in all tissues tested. |
| 512 | 17440051 | PD-1 expression gradually declined on CD8+ T cells specific for SIV-derived epitopes that had undergone mutational escape, indicating that antigen-specific TCR stimulation is the primary determinant of PD-1 expression. |
| 513 | 17440051 | SIV-specific PD-1(high)CD8+ T cells produced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 under cognate peptide stimulation. |
| 514 | 17440051 | While CD8+ T cells that proliferated in response to antigen had a PD-1(high) phenotype, it was determined that there was a reduced proliferative capacity of PD-1(high) compared with PD-1(low) SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 515 | 17440051 | PD-1(high) SIV-specific CD8+ T cells were highly susceptible to cell death leading to loss of such cells after in vitro stimulation. |
| 516 | 17440051 | Thus, PD-1 is a negative regulator of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells, operating predominantly through the induction of cell death. |
| 517 | 17440051 | Manipulation of the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands could thus potentially restore the CD8+ T-cell responses in SIV infection. |
| 518 | 17440051 | SIV-specific CD8+ T cells express high levels of PD1 and cytokines but have impaired proliferative capacity in acute and chronic SIVmac251 infection. |
| 519 | 17440051 | Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a critical mediator of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. |
| 520 | 17440051 | Here, we examined the expression of PD-1 on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8+ T cells and its possible involvement in regulation of cytokine production, proliferation, and survival of these cells. |
| 521 | 17440051 | The majority of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells expressed a PD-1(high) phenotype, independent of their differentiation status, in all tissues tested. |
| 522 | 17440051 | PD-1 expression gradually declined on CD8+ T cells specific for SIV-derived epitopes that had undergone mutational escape, indicating that antigen-specific TCR stimulation is the primary determinant of PD-1 expression. |
| 523 | 17440051 | SIV-specific PD-1(high)CD8+ T cells produced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 under cognate peptide stimulation. |
| 524 | 17440051 | While CD8+ T cells that proliferated in response to antigen had a PD-1(high) phenotype, it was determined that there was a reduced proliferative capacity of PD-1(high) compared with PD-1(low) SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 525 | 17440051 | PD-1(high) SIV-specific CD8+ T cells were highly susceptible to cell death leading to loss of such cells after in vitro stimulation. |
| 526 | 17440051 | Thus, PD-1 is a negative regulator of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells, operating predominantly through the induction of cell death. |
| 527 | 17440051 | Manipulation of the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands could thus potentially restore the CD8+ T-cell responses in SIV infection. |
| 528 | 17440051 | SIV-specific CD8+ T cells express high levels of PD1 and cytokines but have impaired proliferative capacity in acute and chronic SIVmac251 infection. |
| 529 | 17440051 | Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a critical mediator of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. |
| 530 | 17440051 | Here, we examined the expression of PD-1 on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8+ T cells and its possible involvement in regulation of cytokine production, proliferation, and survival of these cells. |
| 531 | 17440051 | The majority of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells expressed a PD-1(high) phenotype, independent of their differentiation status, in all tissues tested. |
| 532 | 17440051 | PD-1 expression gradually declined on CD8+ T cells specific for SIV-derived epitopes that had undergone mutational escape, indicating that antigen-specific TCR stimulation is the primary determinant of PD-1 expression. |
| 533 | 17440051 | SIV-specific PD-1(high)CD8+ T cells produced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 under cognate peptide stimulation. |
| 534 | 17440051 | While CD8+ T cells that proliferated in response to antigen had a PD-1(high) phenotype, it was determined that there was a reduced proliferative capacity of PD-1(high) compared with PD-1(low) SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 535 | 17440051 | PD-1(high) SIV-specific CD8+ T cells were highly susceptible to cell death leading to loss of such cells after in vitro stimulation. |
| 536 | 17440051 | Thus, PD-1 is a negative regulator of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells, operating predominantly through the induction of cell death. |
| 537 | 17440051 | Manipulation of the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands could thus potentially restore the CD8+ T-cell responses in SIV infection. |
| 538 | 17440051 | SIV-specific CD8+ T cells express high levels of PD1 and cytokines but have impaired proliferative capacity in acute and chronic SIVmac251 infection. |
| 539 | 17440051 | Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a critical mediator of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. |
| 540 | 17440051 | Here, we examined the expression of PD-1 on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8+ T cells and its possible involvement in regulation of cytokine production, proliferation, and survival of these cells. |
| 541 | 17440051 | The majority of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells expressed a PD-1(high) phenotype, independent of their differentiation status, in all tissues tested. |
| 542 | 17440051 | PD-1 expression gradually declined on CD8+ T cells specific for SIV-derived epitopes that had undergone mutational escape, indicating that antigen-specific TCR stimulation is the primary determinant of PD-1 expression. |
| 543 | 17440051 | SIV-specific PD-1(high)CD8+ T cells produced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 under cognate peptide stimulation. |
| 544 | 17440051 | While CD8+ T cells that proliferated in response to antigen had a PD-1(high) phenotype, it was determined that there was a reduced proliferative capacity of PD-1(high) compared with PD-1(low) SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 545 | 17440051 | PD-1(high) SIV-specific CD8+ T cells were highly susceptible to cell death leading to loss of such cells after in vitro stimulation. |
| 546 | 17440051 | Thus, PD-1 is a negative regulator of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells, operating predominantly through the induction of cell death. |
| 547 | 17440051 | Manipulation of the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands could thus potentially restore the CD8+ T-cell responses in SIV infection. |
| 548 | 17440051 | SIV-specific CD8+ T cells express high levels of PD1 and cytokines but have impaired proliferative capacity in acute and chronic SIVmac251 infection. |
| 549 | 17440051 | Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a critical mediator of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. |
| 550 | 17440051 | Here, we examined the expression of PD-1 on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8+ T cells and its possible involvement in regulation of cytokine production, proliferation, and survival of these cells. |
| 551 | 17440051 | The majority of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells expressed a PD-1(high) phenotype, independent of their differentiation status, in all tissues tested. |
| 552 | 17440051 | PD-1 expression gradually declined on CD8+ T cells specific for SIV-derived epitopes that had undergone mutational escape, indicating that antigen-specific TCR stimulation is the primary determinant of PD-1 expression. |
| 553 | 17440051 | SIV-specific PD-1(high)CD8+ T cells produced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 under cognate peptide stimulation. |
| 554 | 17440051 | While CD8+ T cells that proliferated in response to antigen had a PD-1(high) phenotype, it was determined that there was a reduced proliferative capacity of PD-1(high) compared with PD-1(low) SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 555 | 17440051 | PD-1(high) SIV-specific CD8+ T cells were highly susceptible to cell death leading to loss of such cells after in vitro stimulation. |
| 556 | 17440051 | Thus, PD-1 is a negative regulator of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells, operating predominantly through the induction of cell death. |
| 557 | 17440051 | Manipulation of the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands could thus potentially restore the CD8+ T-cell responses in SIV infection. |
| 558 | 17499328 | Boosting of DermaVir-primed serum antibody levels was noted following gp140(SHIV89.6P)/p27(SIV) immunization. |
| 559 | 17641886 | Molecular typing of major histocompatibility complex class I alleles in the Indian rhesus macaque which restrict SIV CD8+ T cell epitopes. |
| 560 | 17989178 | Even though strong HIV- and SIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses have been detected in individuals that control viral replication, major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules have not been definitively linked with slow disease progression. |
| 561 | 17989178 | These elite controllers (ECs) mounted a broad SIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell response. |
| 562 | 17989178 | Here, we describe five macaque MHC-II alleles (Mamu-DRB*w606, -DRB*w2104, -DRB1*0306, -DRB1*1003, and -DPB1*06) that restricted six SIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell epitopes in ECs and report the first association between specific MHC-II alleles and elite control. |
| 563 | 17989178 | Even though strong HIV- and SIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses have been detected in individuals that control viral replication, major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules have not been definitively linked with slow disease progression. |
| 564 | 17989178 | These elite controllers (ECs) mounted a broad SIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell response. |
| 565 | 17989178 | Here, we describe five macaque MHC-II alleles (Mamu-DRB*w606, -DRB*w2104, -DRB1*0306, -DRB1*1003, and -DPB1*06) that restricted six SIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell epitopes in ECs and report the first association between specific MHC-II alleles and elite control. |
| 566 | 17989178 | Even though strong HIV- and SIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses have been detected in individuals that control viral replication, major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules have not been definitively linked with slow disease progression. |
| 567 | 17989178 | These elite controllers (ECs) mounted a broad SIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell response. |
| 568 | 17989178 | Here, we describe five macaque MHC-II alleles (Mamu-DRB*w606, -DRB*w2104, -DRB1*0306, -DRB1*1003, and -DPB1*06) that restricted six SIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell epitopes in ECs and report the first association between specific MHC-II alleles and elite control. |
| 569 | 18068748 | Efficient inhibition of SIV replication in rhesus CD4+ T-cell clones by autologous immortalized SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell clones. |
| 570 | 18068748 | We investigated the capacity of SIV-specific CTL clones (effectors), immortalized by transduction with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), to suppress SIV replication in autologous hTERT immortalized CD4(+) T-cell clones (targets). |
| 571 | 18068748 | Our in vitro assays of inhibition of viral replication, using T-cell clones as effectors and targets, provide a well-defined approach for evaluating possible mechanisms of CTL-mediated control of viral production which may involve direct killing of infected target cells and/or release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 572 | 18097036 | IL-15 treatment during acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection increases viral set point and accelerates disease progression despite the induction of stronger SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 573 | 18097036 | Although IL-15 induced a 2- to 3-fold increase in SIV-specific CD8+ T cell and NK cell numbers at peak viremia and reduced lymph node (LN) SIV-infected cells, this had no impact on peak viremia and did not lower viral set point. |
| 574 | 18097036 | At viral set point, however, activated SIV-specific CD8+ T cells and NK cells were reduced in the blood of IL-15-treated animals and LN SIV-infected cells were increased. |
| 575 | 18097036 | Week 30 LN from IL-15-treated animals had significantly increased Gag-specific CD8+ T cell numbers, whereas total cell, lymphocyte, and CD4+ T cell numbers were reduced. |
| 576 | 18097036 | IL-15 increased Ki-67+CD4+ T cells at week 1 of treatment and reduced blood CCR5+ and CD45RA-CD62L- CD4+ T cells. |
| 577 | 18097036 | The frequency of day 7 Ki-67+CD4+ T cells strongly correlated with viral set point. |
| 578 | 18097036 | These findings suggest that CD4+ T cell activation during acute infection determines subsequent viral set point and IL-15 treatment by increasing such activation elevates viral set point. |
| 579 | 18753198 | Seven rhesus macaques per group were primed twice with multigenic SIV plasmid DNA with or without interleukin-12 (IL-12) DNA or IL-15 DNA. |
| 580 | 18753198 | After a multigenic replicating Ad-SIV immunization, all groups received two booster immunizations with SIV gp140 and SIV Nef protein. |
| 581 | 18753198 | Macaques that received IL-15-DNA exhibited higher peak anti-Nef titers, a more rapid anti-Nef anamnestic response postchallenge, and expanded CD8(CM) T cells 2 weeks postchallenge compared to the DNA-only group. |
| 582 | 19027133 | Both immunization strategies induced strong SIV Gag-specific IFN-gamma and T-cell proliferation responses and mediated a conservation of CD4(+) memory T-cells and a reduction of viral load during peak viremia following infection. |
| 583 | 19193388 | Macaques co-inoculated with rIL-15 and SIV/CMVDelta vif proviral plasmids showed significantly improved SIV-specific CD8 T cell immunity characterized by increased IFN-gamma ELISPOT and polyfunctional CD8 T cell responses. |
| 584 | 19219024 | RhCMV vectors expressing SIV Gag, Rev-Tat-Nef and Env persistently infected rhesus macaques, regardless of preexisting RhCMV immunity, and primed and maintained robust, SIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ TEM cell responses (characterized by coordinate tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta expression, cytotoxic degranulation and accumulation at extralymphoid sites) in the absence of neutralizing antibodies. |
| 585 | 19439474 | Influenza A viruses (both H1N1 and H3N2) were engineered to express simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) CD8 T-cell epitopes and evaluated following administration to the respiratory tracts of 11 pigtail macaques. |
| 586 | 19439474 | Animals seroconverted to influenza virus and generated CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses to influenza virus proteins. |
| 587 | 19439474 | SIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses bearing the mucosal homing marker beta7 integrin were induced by vaccination of naïve animals. |
| 588 | 19439474 | Further, SIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses could be boosted by recombinant influenza virus-SIV vaccination of animals with already-established SIV infection. |
| 589 | 19439474 | SIV challenge of macaques vaccinated with an influenza virus expressing a single SIV CD8 T cell resulted in a large anamnestic recall CD8 T-cell response, but immune escape rapidly ensued and there was no impact on chronic SIV viremia. |
| 590 | 19439474 | Influenza A viruses (both H1N1 and H3N2) were engineered to express simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) CD8 T-cell epitopes and evaluated following administration to the respiratory tracts of 11 pigtail macaques. |
| 591 | 19439474 | Animals seroconverted to influenza virus and generated CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses to influenza virus proteins. |
| 592 | 19439474 | SIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses bearing the mucosal homing marker beta7 integrin were induced by vaccination of naïve animals. |
| 593 | 19439474 | Further, SIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses could be boosted by recombinant influenza virus-SIV vaccination of animals with already-established SIV infection. |
| 594 | 19439474 | SIV challenge of macaques vaccinated with an influenza virus expressing a single SIV CD8 T cell resulted in a large anamnestic recall CD8 T-cell response, but immune escape rapidly ensued and there was no impact on chronic SIV viremia. |
| 595 | 19439474 | Influenza A viruses (both H1N1 and H3N2) were engineered to express simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) CD8 T-cell epitopes and evaluated following administration to the respiratory tracts of 11 pigtail macaques. |
| 596 | 19439474 | Animals seroconverted to influenza virus and generated CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses to influenza virus proteins. |
| 597 | 19439474 | SIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses bearing the mucosal homing marker beta7 integrin were induced by vaccination of naïve animals. |
| 598 | 19439474 | Further, SIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses could be boosted by recombinant influenza virus-SIV vaccination of animals with already-established SIV infection. |
| 599 | 19439474 | SIV challenge of macaques vaccinated with an influenza virus expressing a single SIV CD8 T cell resulted in a large anamnestic recall CD8 T-cell response, but immune escape rapidly ensued and there was no impact on chronic SIV viremia. |
| 600 | 19439474 | Influenza A viruses (both H1N1 and H3N2) were engineered to express simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) CD8 T-cell epitopes and evaluated following administration to the respiratory tracts of 11 pigtail macaques. |
| 601 | 19439474 | Animals seroconverted to influenza virus and generated CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses to influenza virus proteins. |
| 602 | 19439474 | SIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses bearing the mucosal homing marker beta7 integrin were induced by vaccination of naïve animals. |
| 603 | 19439474 | Further, SIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses could be boosted by recombinant influenza virus-SIV vaccination of animals with already-established SIV infection. |
| 604 | 19439474 | SIV challenge of macaques vaccinated with an influenza virus expressing a single SIV CD8 T cell resulted in a large anamnestic recall CD8 T-cell response, but immune escape rapidly ensued and there was no impact on chronic SIV viremia. |
| 605 | 19741603 | We compared the efficacy of an intranasal or intramuscular Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)+ interleukin (IL)-2+IL-15 DNA/SIV-MVA (modified vaccinia virus Ankara) vaccination in preventing disease progression in SIVmac251 intrarectally challenged rhesus macaques. |
| 606 | 19741603 | Regardless of vaccination status, long-term viremia control and preservation of CD4(+) C(M) T cells was detected in animals with significantly higher systemic CD8(+)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha(+) and CD8(+)/interferon (IFN)-gamma(+) T-cell responses and higher SIV-specific CD4(+)/IL-2(+) responses in colorectal T cells. |
| 607 | 19741603 | We compared the efficacy of an intranasal or intramuscular Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)+ interleukin (IL)-2+IL-15 DNA/SIV-MVA (modified vaccinia virus Ankara) vaccination in preventing disease progression in SIVmac251 intrarectally challenged rhesus macaques. |
| 608 | 19741603 | Regardless of vaccination status, long-term viremia control and preservation of CD4(+) C(M) T cells was detected in animals with significantly higher systemic CD8(+)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha(+) and CD8(+)/interferon (IFN)-gamma(+) T-cell responses and higher SIV-specific CD4(+)/IL-2(+) responses in colorectal T cells. |
| 609 | 19779309 | Tonsillar application of AT-2 SIV affords partial protection against rectal challenge with SIVmac239. |
| 610 | 19949108 | In this paper, we show that translation from an alternate reading frame of both the Rev-encoding DNA plasmid and the rAd5 vector engendered Env(788-795)RY8-specific CD8(+) T cells of greater magnitude than "normal" SIV infection. |
| 611 | 20089645 | Recombinant yellow fever vaccine virus 17D expressing simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 gag induces SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in rhesus macaques. |
| 612 | 20089645 | We show that recombinant attenuated yellow fever vaccine virus 17D expressing simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 Gag sequences can be used as a vector to generate SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in the rhesus macaque. |
| 613 | 20089645 | Priming with recombinant BCG expressing SIV antigens increased the frequency of these SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses after recombinant YF17D boosting. |
| 614 | 20089645 | These recombinant YF17D-induced SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells secreted several cytokines, were largely effector memory T cells, and suppressed viral replication in CD4(+) T cells. |
| 615 | 20089645 | Recombinant yellow fever vaccine virus 17D expressing simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 gag induces SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in rhesus macaques. |
| 616 | 20089645 | We show that recombinant attenuated yellow fever vaccine virus 17D expressing simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 Gag sequences can be used as a vector to generate SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in the rhesus macaque. |
| 617 | 20089645 | Priming with recombinant BCG expressing SIV antigens increased the frequency of these SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses after recombinant YF17D boosting. |
| 618 | 20089645 | These recombinant YF17D-induced SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells secreted several cytokines, were largely effector memory T cells, and suppressed viral replication in CD4(+) T cells. |
| 619 | 20089645 | Recombinant yellow fever vaccine virus 17D expressing simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 gag induces SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in rhesus macaques. |
| 620 | 20089645 | We show that recombinant attenuated yellow fever vaccine virus 17D expressing simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 Gag sequences can be used as a vector to generate SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in the rhesus macaque. |
| 621 | 20089645 | Priming with recombinant BCG expressing SIV antigens increased the frequency of these SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses after recombinant YF17D boosting. |
| 622 | 20089645 | These recombinant YF17D-induced SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells secreted several cytokines, were largely effector memory T cells, and suppressed viral replication in CD4(+) T cells. |
| 623 | 20089645 | Recombinant yellow fever vaccine virus 17D expressing simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 gag induces SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in rhesus macaques. |
| 624 | 20089645 | We show that recombinant attenuated yellow fever vaccine virus 17D expressing simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 Gag sequences can be used as a vector to generate SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in the rhesus macaque. |
| 625 | 20089645 | Priming with recombinant BCG expressing SIV antigens increased the frequency of these SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses after recombinant YF17D boosting. |
| 626 | 20089645 | These recombinant YF17D-induced SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells secreted several cytokines, were largely effector memory T cells, and suppressed viral replication in CD4(+) T cells. |
| 627 | 20551910 | Here, we performed a head-to-head evaluation of the Merck Ad5 SIV vaccine and an optimized electroporation (EP) delivered SIV DNA vaccine in macaques. |
| 628 | 20551910 | We observed significant differences in the quantity of IFNgamma responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot), greater proliferative capacity of CD8(+) T cells, and increased polyfunctionality of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the DNA-vaccinated group. |
| 629 | 20618768 | Following intradermal injection of recombinant DIs expressing simian immunodeficiency virus gag (rDIsSIVgag), we observed increased levels of SIV p27-specific IgA and IgG antibodies in faecal extracts and plasma samples, and antibody-forming cells in the intestinal mucosa and spleen of C57BL/6 mice. |
| 630 | 20618768 | Induction of Gag-specific IFN-gamma spot-forming CD8(+) T cells in the spleen, small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, and submandibular lymph nodes was observed in the intradermally injected mice. |
| 631 | 20702730 | Emergence of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic CD4+ T cells and increased humoral responses correlate with control of rebounding viremia in CD8-depleted macaques infected with Rev-independent live-attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus. |
| 632 | 20702730 | Monitoring immune responses at the time of viral control demonstrated a burst of circulating SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells characterized as CD45RA(-)CD28(+)CD95(+)CCR7(-) and also granzyme B(+), suggesting cytotoxic ability. |
| 633 | 20702730 | These data demonstrate that a combination of cellular responses mediated by CD4(+) T cells and humoral responses was associated with the rapid control of the rebounding viremia in macaques infected by the Rev-independent live-attenuated SIV, even in the absence of measurable SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells in the blood, emphasizing the importance of different components of the immune response for full control of SIV infection. |
| 634 | 20719708 | Recent data also suggest that IL-15 acts, not only on CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells, but also on effector memory CD4+ T cells. |
| 635 | 20719708 | IL-15 clearly expands very different CD4+ T cell subpopulations than IL-2 in SIV-infected animals, and may be useful for the restoration of effector memory CD4+ T cells that are depleted early in HIV and SIV infection. |
| 636 | 20739530 | Here, we show that SIV-specific CD8+ T cells from SIV-infected rhesus macaques target 14 epitopes in eight ARFs during SIV infection. |
| 637 | 20812010 | Here, we analyzed anamnestic SIV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses expanding immediately after challenge and show that successful vaccinees consistently targeted a short region of the Gag-p27 Capsid (amino acids 249-291). |
| 638 | 20812010 | Analysis of SIV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses elicited by a successful vaccine may have important implications in the understanding of vaccine design. |
| 639 | 20812010 | Here, we analyzed anamnestic SIV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses expanding immediately after challenge and show that successful vaccinees consistently targeted a short region of the Gag-p27 Capsid (amino acids 249-291). |
| 640 | 20812010 | Analysis of SIV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses elicited by a successful vaccine may have important implications in the understanding of vaccine design. |
| 641 | 20877632 | A tonsillar PolyICLC/AT-2 SIV therapeutic vaccine maintains low viremia following antiretroviral therapy cessation. |
| 642 | 21041730 | Furthermore, the vaccine-elicited SIV Gag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte polyfunctional cytokine responses were more robust in milk than in blood after each virus vector boost. |
| 643 | 21041730 | Importantly, only limited and transient increases in the proportion of activated or CCR5-expressing CD4(+) T lymphocytes in milk occurred after vaccination. |
| 644 | 21076059 | Preexisting immunity decreased SIV-specific CD8 and CD4 T cell responses but preserved the SIV-specific humoral immunity. |
| 645 | 21076059 | Factors that correlated with early colorectal viral control included 1) the presence of anti-SIV IgA in rectal secretions, 2) high-avidity binding Ab for the native form of Env, and 3) low magnitude of vaccine-elicited SIV-specific CD4 T cells displaying the CCR5 viral coreceptor. |
| 646 | 21076059 | The frequency of SIV-specific CD8 T cells in blood and colorectal tissue at 2 wk postchallenge did not correlate with early colorectal viral control. |
| 647 | 21076059 | Preexisting immunity decreased SIV-specific CD8 and CD4 T cell responses but preserved the SIV-specific humoral immunity. |
| 648 | 21076059 | Factors that correlated with early colorectal viral control included 1) the presence of anti-SIV IgA in rectal secretions, 2) high-avidity binding Ab for the native form of Env, and 3) low magnitude of vaccine-elicited SIV-specific CD4 T cells displaying the CCR5 viral coreceptor. |
| 649 | 21076059 | The frequency of SIV-specific CD8 T cells in blood and colorectal tissue at 2 wk postchallenge did not correlate with early colorectal viral control. |
| 650 | 21076059 | Preexisting immunity decreased SIV-specific CD8 and CD4 T cell responses but preserved the SIV-specific humoral immunity. |
| 651 | 21076059 | Factors that correlated with early colorectal viral control included 1) the presence of anti-SIV IgA in rectal secretions, 2) high-avidity binding Ab for the native form of Env, and 3) low magnitude of vaccine-elicited SIV-specific CD4 T cells displaying the CCR5 viral coreceptor. |
| 652 | 21076059 | The frequency of SIV-specific CD8 T cells in blood and colorectal tissue at 2 wk postchallenge did not correlate with early colorectal viral control. |
| 653 | 21277409 | Gp96 SIV Ig immunization induces potent polyepitope specific, multifunctional memory responses in rectal and vaginal mucosa. |
| 654 | 21277409 | Tetramer positive CD8 CTL expressed appropriate functional (granzyme B) and migration markers (CD103). |
| 655 | 21277409 | The polyepitope specificity of the mucosal CD8 and CD4 response is evident from a strong, multifunctional cytokine response upon stimulation with peptides covering the gag, tat and env proteins. |
| 656 | 21317390 | The efficacy of two SIV DNA plus recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara nasal vaccine regimens, one combined with plasmids expressing IL-2 and IL-15, the other with plasmids expressing GM-CSF, IL-12, and TNF-α, which may better stimulate humoral responses, was evaluated in two female rhesus macaque groups. |
| 657 | 21317390 | There was a statistically significant correlation between levels of CD4(+)/IFN-γ(+) and CD8(+)/IFN-γ(+) T cell percentages on the day of challenge and the control of viremia at week 60 postchallenge or survival. |
| 658 | 21317390 | Postchallenge immunological correlates of protection were systemic anti-SIV Gag + Env CD4(+)/IL-2(+), CD4(+)/IFN-γ(+), and CD8(+)/TNF-α(+) T cells and vaginal anti-SIV Gag + Env CD8(+) T cell total monofunctional responses. |
| 659 | 21317533 | Here we have demonstrated that acute, SIV-induced CD4(+) T cell depletion in sooty mangabeys does not result in immune dysfunction and progression to simian AIDS and that a population of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells (double-negative T cells) partially compensates for CD4(+) T cell function in these animals. |
| 660 | 21317533 | These studies indicate that SIV-infected sooty mangabeys do not appear to rely entirely on CD4(+) T cells to maintain immunity and identify double-negative T cells as a potential subset of cells capable of performing CD4(+) T cell-like helper functions upon SIV-induced CD4(+) T cell depletion in this species. |
| 661 | 21317533 | Here we have demonstrated that acute, SIV-induced CD4(+) T cell depletion in sooty mangabeys does not result in immune dysfunction and progression to simian AIDS and that a population of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells (double-negative T cells) partially compensates for CD4(+) T cell function in these animals. |
| 662 | 21317533 | These studies indicate that SIV-infected sooty mangabeys do not appear to rely entirely on CD4(+) T cells to maintain immunity and identify double-negative T cells as a potential subset of cells capable of performing CD4(+) T cell-like helper functions upon SIV-induced CD4(+) T cell depletion in this species. |
| 663 | 21562493 | This was characterized by: occasional blips of plasma viraemia that ultimately waned; predominantly undetectable cell-associated viral load in blood and lymph node mononuclear cells; no depletion of effector-site CD4(+) memory T cells; no induction or boosting of SIV Env-specific antibodies; and induction and then loss of T-cell responses to an SIV protein (Vif) not included in the RhCMV vectors. |
| 664 | 21562493 | Remarkably, long-term RhCMV vector-associated SIV control was insensitive to either CD8(+) or CD4(+) lymphocyte depletion and, at necropsy, cell-associated SIV was only occasionally measurable at the limit of detection with ultrasensitive assays, observations that indicate the possibility of eventual viral clearance. |
| 665 | 21562493 | This was characterized by: occasional blips of plasma viraemia that ultimately waned; predominantly undetectable cell-associated viral load in blood and lymph node mononuclear cells; no depletion of effector-site CD4(+) memory T cells; no induction or boosting of SIV Env-specific antibodies; and induction and then loss of T-cell responses to an SIV protein (Vif) not included in the RhCMV vectors. |
| 666 | 21562493 | Remarkably, long-term RhCMV vector-associated SIV control was insensitive to either CD8(+) or CD4(+) lymphocyte depletion and, at necropsy, cell-associated SIV was only occasionally measurable at the limit of detection with ultrasensitive assays, observations that indicate the possibility of eventual viral clearance. |
| 667 | 21734035 | There was no significant difference in the overall magnitude of SIV-specific antibodies or CD8 T-cell responses between groups; however, pDNA delivery by EP with pIL-12 induced a greater magnitude of SIV-specific CD4 T cells that produced multiple cytokines. |
| 668 | 21842371 | This review serves to outline the various non-human primate models that can best serve to address this issue, a summary of our knowledge on the various subsets of NK cells (one of the major innate immune cell lineage) that have an impact on the course of disease, the potential pathways that regulate their function and the potential role of the KIRs on SIV-induced disease course. |
| 669 | 21890164 | A chimeric measles virus with a lentiviral envelope replicates exclusively in CD4+/CCR5+ cells. |
| 670 | 21890164 | The presence of SIV gp160 as the only envelope protein on chimeric particles surface altered the cell tropism of the new virus from CD46+ to CD4+ cells. |
| 671 | 22084443 | Structural basis of diverse peptide accommodation by the rhesus macaque MHC class I molecule Mamu-B*17: insights into immune protection from simian immunodeficiency virus. |
| 672 | 22084443 | The MHC class I molecule Mamu-B*17 has been associated with elite control of SIV infection in rhesus macaques, akin to the protective effects described for HLA-B*57 in HIV-infected individuals. |
| 673 | 22084443 | In this study, we determined the crystal structures of Mamu-B*17 in complex with eight different peptides corresponding to immunodominant SIV(mac)239-derived CD8(+) T cell epitopes: HW8 (HLEVQGYW), GW10 (GSHLEVQGYW), MW9 (MHPAQTSQW), QW9 (QTSQWDDPW), FW9 (FQWMGYELW), MF8 (MRHVLEPF), IW9 (IRYPKTFGW), and IW11 (IRYPKTFGWLW). |
| 674 | 22156519 | The Ad5 SIV vaccine induced CD8(+) T cell responses in 70% of the monkeys, which is similar to the proportion of humans that responded to the vaccine in the Step Trial. |
| 675 | 22156519 | Although setpoint viral loads were unaffected in Step vaccinees, the Ad5 SIV-immunized animals had significantly lower acute-phase plasma vRNA levels compared to unimmunized animals. |
| 676 | 22156519 | The Ad5 SIV vaccine induced CD8(+) T cell responses in 70% of the monkeys, which is similar to the proportion of humans that responded to the vaccine in the Step Trial. |
| 677 | 22156519 | Although setpoint viral loads were unaffected in Step vaccinees, the Ad5 SIV-immunized animals had significantly lower acute-phase plasma vRNA levels compared to unimmunized animals. |
| 678 | 22441256 | HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) CD8 T cells have been of particular interest since they were demonstrated to be temporally associated with reduction in virus load shortly following transmission. |
| 679 | 22441256 | Here, we briefly review the phenotypic and functional properties of HIV-specific and SIV-specific CD8 T-cell subsets during HIV infection and consider the influence of viral variation with specific responses that are associated with disease progression or control. |
| 680 | 22441256 | HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) CD8 T cells have been of particular interest since they were demonstrated to be temporally associated with reduction in virus load shortly following transmission. |
| 681 | 22441256 | Here, we briefly review the phenotypic and functional properties of HIV-specific and SIV-specific CD8 T-cell subsets during HIV infection and consider the influence of viral variation with specific responses that are associated with disease progression or control. |
| 682 | 22442716 | This effect was associated with significant increases in IFN-γ T cell responses in both the blood and gut and SIV-specific CD8+ T cells with dual TNF-α and cytolytic effector functions in the blood. |
| 683 | 22451717 | CD4(+) T(N)-depleted RMs responded to SIVmac239 infection with markedly attenuated SIV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses, delayed SIVenv-specific Ab responses, and reduced SIV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 684 | 22491464 | Multiple comparisons among these groups revealed significant differences in survival periods, peripheral CD4(+) T-cell decline, and SIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell polyfunctionality in the chronic phase. |
| 685 | 22492918 | Mamu class I and II gene products were linked together with HIV gp140, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) p27 and heat-shock protein 70 to dextran. |
| 686 | 23260669 | The tolerogenic vaccine induced MHC-Ib/E-restricted CD8(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) that suppressed SIV-harboring CD4(+) T cell activation and ex vivo SIV replication in 15 of 16 animals without inducing SIV-specific antibodies or cytotoxic T lymphocytes. |
| 687 | 23325679 | Antibodies to gp120 and PD-1 expression on virus-specific CD8+ T cells in protection from simian AIDS. |
| 688 | 23325679 | We compared the relative efficacies against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge of three vaccine regimens that elicited similar frequencies of SIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses but differed in the level of antibody responses to the gp120 envelope protein. |
| 689 | 23325679 | Mamu-A*01 macaques of this third group exhibited persistent Gag CD8(+)CM9(+) effector memory T cells with low expression of surface Programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor and high levels of expression of genes associated with major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and MHC-II antigen. |
| 690 | 23325679 | The fact that control of SIV replication was associated with both high titers of antibodies to the SIV envelope protein and durable effector SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells suggests the hypothesis that the presence of antibodies at the time of challenge may increase innate immune recruiting activity by enhancing antigen uptake and may result in improvement of the quality and potency of secondary SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. |
| 691 | 23401588 | Cohort 3 was injected with cells secreting gp96-Ig (no SIV Ags) vaccines. |
| 692 | 23408627 | A comparative evaluation of the immunity stimulated with a vaccine regimen that includes simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-15 DNAs, recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA), and inactivated SIVmac239 particles administered into the oral and nasal cavities, small intestine, and vagina was carried out in female rhesus macaques to determine the best route to induce diverse anti-SIV immunity that may be critical to protection from SIV infection and disease. |
| 693 | 23408627 | All four immunizations generated mucosal SIV-specific IgA. |
| 694 | 23408627 | Oral immunization was as effective as vaginal immunization in inducing SIV-specific IgA in vaginal secretions and generated greater IgA responses in rectal secretions and saliva samples compared to the other immunization routes. |
| 695 | 23408627 | Vaccination also induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in the rectal and vaginal mucosa with greater functional heterogeneity than in blood samples. |
| 696 | 23408627 | Significantly higher CD8(+) granzyme B-positive T-cell responses were observed systemically after intestinal vaccination and in rectal cells after oral immunization. |
| 697 | 23408627 | The majority of SIV-specific T cells that produced granzyme B did not produce cytokines. |
| 698 | 23408627 | A comparative evaluation of the immunity stimulated with a vaccine regimen that includes simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-15 DNAs, recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA), and inactivated SIVmac239 particles administered into the oral and nasal cavities, small intestine, and vagina was carried out in female rhesus macaques to determine the best route to induce diverse anti-SIV immunity that may be critical to protection from SIV infection and disease. |
| 699 | 23408627 | All four immunizations generated mucosal SIV-specific IgA. |
| 700 | 23408627 | Oral immunization was as effective as vaginal immunization in inducing SIV-specific IgA in vaginal secretions and generated greater IgA responses in rectal secretions and saliva samples compared to the other immunization routes. |
| 701 | 23408627 | Vaccination also induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in the rectal and vaginal mucosa with greater functional heterogeneity than in blood samples. |
| 702 | 23408627 | Significantly higher CD8(+) granzyme B-positive T-cell responses were observed systemically after intestinal vaccination and in rectal cells after oral immunization. |
| 703 | 23408627 | The majority of SIV-specific T cells that produced granzyme B did not produce cytokines. |
| 704 | 23408627 | A comparative evaluation of the immunity stimulated with a vaccine regimen that includes simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-15 DNAs, recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA), and inactivated SIVmac239 particles administered into the oral and nasal cavities, small intestine, and vagina was carried out in female rhesus macaques to determine the best route to induce diverse anti-SIV immunity that may be critical to protection from SIV infection and disease. |
| 705 | 23408627 | All four immunizations generated mucosal SIV-specific IgA. |
| 706 | 23408627 | Oral immunization was as effective as vaginal immunization in inducing SIV-specific IgA in vaginal secretions and generated greater IgA responses in rectal secretions and saliva samples compared to the other immunization routes. |
| 707 | 23408627 | Vaccination also induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in the rectal and vaginal mucosa with greater functional heterogeneity than in blood samples. |
| 708 | 23408627 | Significantly higher CD8(+) granzyme B-positive T-cell responses were observed systemically after intestinal vaccination and in rectal cells after oral immunization. |
| 709 | 23408627 | The majority of SIV-specific T cells that produced granzyme B did not produce cytokines. |
| 710 | 23408627 | A comparative evaluation of the immunity stimulated with a vaccine regimen that includes simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-15 DNAs, recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA), and inactivated SIVmac239 particles administered into the oral and nasal cavities, small intestine, and vagina was carried out in female rhesus macaques to determine the best route to induce diverse anti-SIV immunity that may be critical to protection from SIV infection and disease. |
| 711 | 23408627 | All four immunizations generated mucosal SIV-specific IgA. |
| 712 | 23408627 | Oral immunization was as effective as vaginal immunization in inducing SIV-specific IgA in vaginal secretions and generated greater IgA responses in rectal secretions and saliva samples compared to the other immunization routes. |
| 713 | 23408627 | Vaccination also induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in the rectal and vaginal mucosa with greater functional heterogeneity than in blood samples. |
| 714 | 23408627 | Significantly higher CD8(+) granzyme B-positive T-cell responses were observed systemically after intestinal vaccination and in rectal cells after oral immunization. |
| 715 | 23408627 | The majority of SIV-specific T cells that produced granzyme B did not produce cytokines. |
| 716 | 23509365 | After priming, RMs that received SIV Gag protein plus poly-IC developed significantly higher frequencies of SIV Gag-specific CD4(+) Th1 responses in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid lymphocytes compared with all other adjuvants, and low-level SIV Gag-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 717 | 23509365 | In contrast, the anamnestic SIV Gag-specific CD4(+) T cell response in BAL was enhanced by SIV Gag protein priming with poly-IC or CpG, which correlated with partial control of early viral replication after SIVmac251 challenge. |
| 718 | 23509365 | After priming, RMs that received SIV Gag protein plus poly-IC developed significantly higher frequencies of SIV Gag-specific CD4(+) Th1 responses in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid lymphocytes compared with all other adjuvants, and low-level SIV Gag-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 719 | 23509365 | In contrast, the anamnestic SIV Gag-specific CD4(+) T cell response in BAL was enhanced by SIV Gag protein priming with poly-IC or CpG, which correlated with partial control of early viral replication after SIVmac251 challenge. |
| 720 | 23824823 | Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) expression by human/simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV)-specific CD8 T cells has been associated with defective cytokine production and reduced in vitro proliferation capacity. |
| 721 | 23824823 | However, the cellular mechanisms that sustain PD-1(high) virus-specific CD8 T cell responses during chronic infection are unknown. |
| 722 | 23824823 | Here, we show that the PD-1(high) phenotype is associated with accelerated in vivo CD8 T cell turnover in SIV-infected rhesus macaques, especially within the SIV-specific CD8 T cell pool. |
| 723 | 23824823 | Mathematical modeling of 5-bromo-2' deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling dynamics demonstrated a significantly increased generation rate of PD-1(high) compared to PD-1(low) CD8 T cells in all memory compartments. |
| 724 | 23824823 | Simultaneous analysis of Ki67 and BrdU kinetics revealed a complex in vivo turnover profile whereby only a small fraction of PD-1(high) cells, but virtually all PD-1(low) cells, returned to rest after activation. |
| 725 | 23824823 | Our data suggest that the persistence of PD-1(high) SIV-specific CD8 T cells in chronic infection is maintained in vivo by a mechanism involving high production coupled with a high disappearance rate. |
| 726 | 24153227 | Our recent immune correlate study revealed that degree of protection against pathogenic SIV challenge strongly correlated with the SIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in the lymph node but neither with the responses of such T cells in the peripheral blood and mucosal tissues nor with humoral immune responses. |
| 727 | 24155376 | The efficacy of oral, intestinal, nasal, and vaginal vaccinations with DNA simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/interleukin-2 (IL-2)/IL-15, SIV Gag/Pol/Env recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA), and AT-2 SIVmac239 inactivated particles was compared in rhesus macaques after low-dose vaginal challenge with SIVmac251. |
| 728 | 24155376 | The levels of anti-SIV gamma interferon-positive, CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells at the time of first challenge inversely correlated with viremia and directly correlated with protection from infection and longer survival. |
| 729 | 24210124 | High-level T cell expression of PD-1 during SIV infection is correlated with impaired proliferation and function. |
| 730 | 24210124 | It transiently decreased expression of Ki67 and α4β7 in PBMC CD4(+) and CD8(+) Tregs for up to 8 weeks post-ART and maintained Ag-specific T-cell responses at low levels. |
| 731 | 24348253 | Semen CD4+ T cells and macrophages are productively infected at all stages of SIV infection in macaques. |
| 732 | 24348253 | Finally, we cocultured semen CD4(+) T cells and macrophages with a cell line permissive to SIV infection to assess their infectivity in vitro. |
| 733 | 24348253 | Lymphocytes had a mucosal phenotype and expressed activation (CD69 & HLA-DR) and migration (CCR5, CXCR4, LFA-1) markers. |
| 734 | 24348253 | CD69 expression was increased in semen T cells by SIV infection, at all stages of infection. |
| 735 | 24348253 | Macrophages predominated at all stages and expressed CD4, CCR5, MAC-1 and LFA-1. |
| 736 | 24348253 | Altogether, we demonstrated that semen contains the two major SIV-target cells (CD4+ T cells and macrophages). |
| 737 | 24348253 | Semen CD4+ T cells and macrophages are productively infected at all stages of SIV infection in macaques. |
| 738 | 24348253 | Finally, we cocultured semen CD4(+) T cells and macrophages with a cell line permissive to SIV infection to assess their infectivity in vitro. |
| 739 | 24348253 | Lymphocytes had a mucosal phenotype and expressed activation (CD69 & HLA-DR) and migration (CCR5, CXCR4, LFA-1) markers. |
| 740 | 24348253 | CD69 expression was increased in semen T cells by SIV infection, at all stages of infection. |
| 741 | 24348253 | Macrophages predominated at all stages and expressed CD4, CCR5, MAC-1 and LFA-1. |
| 742 | 24348253 | Altogether, we demonstrated that semen contains the two major SIV-target cells (CD4+ T cells and macrophages). |
| 743 | 24348253 | Semen CD4+ T cells and macrophages are productively infected at all stages of SIV infection in macaques. |
| 744 | 24348253 | Finally, we cocultured semen CD4(+) T cells and macrophages with a cell line permissive to SIV infection to assess their infectivity in vitro. |
| 745 | 24348253 | Lymphocytes had a mucosal phenotype and expressed activation (CD69 & HLA-DR) and migration (CCR5, CXCR4, LFA-1) markers. |
| 746 | 24348253 | CD69 expression was increased in semen T cells by SIV infection, at all stages of infection. |
| 747 | 24348253 | Macrophages predominated at all stages and expressed CD4, CCR5, MAC-1 and LFA-1. |
| 748 | 24348253 | Altogether, we demonstrated that semen contains the two major SIV-target cells (CD4+ T cells and macrophages). |
| 749 | 24348253 | Semen CD4+ T cells and macrophages are productively infected at all stages of SIV infection in macaques. |
| 750 | 24348253 | Finally, we cocultured semen CD4(+) T cells and macrophages with a cell line permissive to SIV infection to assess their infectivity in vitro. |
| 751 | 24348253 | Lymphocytes had a mucosal phenotype and expressed activation (CD69 & HLA-DR) and migration (CCR5, CXCR4, LFA-1) markers. |
| 752 | 24348253 | CD69 expression was increased in semen T cells by SIV infection, at all stages of infection. |
| 753 | 24348253 | Macrophages predominated at all stages and expressed CD4, CCR5, MAC-1 and LFA-1. |
| 754 | 24348253 | Altogether, we demonstrated that semen contains the two major SIV-target cells (CD4+ T cells and macrophages). |
| 755 | 24349100 | To gain insights into mechanisms of protection by LAVs that could aid development of effective vaccines to prevent HIV-1 transmission to women, we used in situ tetramer staining to determine whether increased densities or changes in the local distribution of SIV-specific CD8 T cells correlated with the maturation of SIVΔnef vaccine-induced protection prior to and after intra-vaginal challenge with wild-type SIVmac251. |
| 756 | 24418046 | On the host side, a synergistic effect between PRRSV and SIV co-infections was observed for some transcripts such as TLR3, RIG-I, and IFNβ in PCLS. |
| 757 | 24671203 | Regulation of SIV antigen-specific CD4+ T cellular immunity via autophagosome-mediated MHC II molecule-targeting antigen presentation in mice. |
| 758 | 24671203 | Recent studies have suggested that macroautophagy plays a crucial role in modulating adaptive immune responses toward CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T cells. |
| 759 | 24729621 | Whereas SIV-infected RM show selective numeric preservation of CD4(+) T(SCM), SIV infection induced a complex perturbation of these cells defined by depletion of CD4(+)CCR5(+) T(SCM), increased rates of CD4(+) T(SCM) proliferation, and high levels of direct virus infection. |
| 760 | 24729621 | In contrast, nonpathogenic SIV infection of SM evidenced preservation of both CD4(+) T(SCM) and CD4(+) central memory T cells, with normal levels of CD4(+) T(SCM) proliferation, and lack of selective depletion of CD4(+)CCR5(+) T(SCM). |
| 761 | 24729621 | Whereas SIV-infected RM show selective numeric preservation of CD4(+) T(SCM), SIV infection induced a complex perturbation of these cells defined by depletion of CD4(+)CCR5(+) T(SCM), increased rates of CD4(+) T(SCM) proliferation, and high levels of direct virus infection. |
| 762 | 24729621 | In contrast, nonpathogenic SIV infection of SM evidenced preservation of both CD4(+) T(SCM) and CD4(+) central memory T cells, with normal levels of CD4(+) T(SCM) proliferation, and lack of selective depletion of CD4(+)CCR5(+) T(SCM). |
| 763 | 24907411 | RepAd/Env vaccination induced early SIV-specific IgA in rectal secretions before Env boosting, although mucosal IgA and IgG responses were readily detected at necropsy in ALVAC/Env, RepAd/Env, DNA&Env and DNA vaccinated animals. |
| 764 | 25043006 | We show that blockade of the IFN-I receptor caused reduced antiviral gene expression, increased SIV reservoir size and accelerated CD4 T-cell depletion with progression to AIDS despite decreased T-cell activation. |
| 765 | 25043006 | However, continued IFN-α2a treatment induced IFN-I desensitization and decreased antiviral gene expression, enabling infection with increased SIV reservoir size and accelerated CD4 T-cell loss. |
| 766 | 25043006 | Thus, the timing of IFN-induced innate responses in acute SIV infection profoundly affects overall disease course and outweighs the detrimental consequences of increased immune activation. |
| 767 | 25043006 | We show that blockade of the IFN-I receptor caused reduced antiviral gene expression, increased SIV reservoir size and accelerated CD4 T-cell depletion with progression to AIDS despite decreased T-cell activation. |
| 768 | 25043006 | However, continued IFN-α2a treatment induced IFN-I desensitization and decreased antiviral gene expression, enabling infection with increased SIV reservoir size and accelerated CD4 T-cell loss. |
| 769 | 25043006 | Thus, the timing of IFN-induced innate responses in acute SIV infection profoundly affects overall disease course and outweighs the detrimental consequences of increased immune activation. |
| 770 | 25043006 | We show that blockade of the IFN-I receptor caused reduced antiviral gene expression, increased SIV reservoir size and accelerated CD4 T-cell depletion with progression to AIDS despite decreased T-cell activation. |
| 771 | 25043006 | However, continued IFN-α2a treatment induced IFN-I desensitization and decreased antiviral gene expression, enabling infection with increased SIV reservoir size and accelerated CD4 T-cell loss. |
| 772 | 25043006 | Thus, the timing of IFN-induced innate responses in acute SIV infection profoundly affects overall disease course and outweighs the detrimental consequences of increased immune activation. |
| 773 | 25071760 | Mucosal SIV Vaccines Comprising Inactivated Virus Particles and Bacterial Adjuvants Induce CD8(+) T-Regulatory Cells that Suppress SIV-Positive CD4(+) T-Cell Activation and Prevent SIV Infection in the Macaque Model. |
| 774 | 25071760 | In contrast to all established human and veterinary vaccines, these three vaccine regimens did not elicit SIV-specific antibodies nor cytotoxic T-lymphocytes but induced a previously unrecognized population of non-cytolytic MHCIb/E-restricted CD8(+) T-regulatory cells that suppressed the activation of SIV-positive CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. |
| 775 | 25071760 | Mucosal SIV Vaccines Comprising Inactivated Virus Particles and Bacterial Adjuvants Induce CD8(+) T-Regulatory Cells that Suppress SIV-Positive CD4(+) T-Cell Activation and Prevent SIV Infection in the Macaque Model. |
| 776 | 25071760 | In contrast to all established human and veterinary vaccines, these three vaccine regimens did not elicit SIV-specific antibodies nor cytotoxic T-lymphocytes but induced a previously unrecognized population of non-cytolytic MHCIb/E-restricted CD8(+) T-regulatory cells that suppressed the activation of SIV-positive CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. |
| 777 | 25246494 | The inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) has been shown to regulate CD8 T cell function during chronic SIV infection; however, its role on CD4 T cells, specifically in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, is less well understood. |
| 778 | 25246494 | In this study, we show that a subset of CD4 T cells expresses high levels of PD-1 (PD-1(hi)) in the rectal mucosa, a preferential site of virus replication. |
| 779 | 25246494 | The majority of these PD-1(hi) CD4 T cells expressed Bcl-6 and CXCR5, markers characteristic of T follicular helper cells in the lymph nodes. |
| 780 | 25246494 | Following a pathogenic SIV infection, the frequency of PD-1(hi) cells (as a percentage of CD4 T cells) dramatically increased in the rectal mucosa; however, a significant fraction of them did not express CXCR5. |
| 781 | 25246494 | Interestingly, vaccinated SIV controllers did not present with this aberrant PD-1(hi) CD4 T cell enrichment, and this lack of enrichment was associated with the presence of higher frequencies of SIV-specific granzyme B(+) CD8 T cells within the lymphoid tissue, suggesting a role for antiviral CD8 T cells in limiting aberrant expansion of PD-1(hi) CD4 T cells. |
| 782 | 25246494 | These results highlight the importance of developing vaccines that enhance antiviral CD8 T cells at sites of preferential viral replication and support the need for developing therapeutic interventions that limit expansion of SIV(+)PD-1(hi) CD4 T cells at mucosal sites as a means to enhance viral control. |
| 783 | 25348621 | Expansion of dysfunctional Tim-3-expressing effector memory CD8+ T cells during simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus macaques. |
| 784 | 25348621 | The T cell Ig- and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) negative immune checkpoint receptor demarcates functionally exhausted CD8(+) T cells arising from chronic stimulation in viral infections like HIV. |
| 785 | 25348621 | Tim-3 blockade leads to improved antiviral CD8(+) T cell responses in vitro and, therefore, represents a novel intervention strategy to restore T cell function in vivo and protect from disease progression. |
| 786 | 25348621 | We report that Tim-3(+)CD8(+) T cell frequencies are significantly increased in lymph nodes, but not in peripheral blood, in SIV-infected animals. |
| 787 | 25348621 | Tim-3(+)PD-1(+)CD8(+) T cells are similarly increased during SIV infection and positively correlate with SIV plasma viremia. |
| 788 | 25348621 | Tim-3 expression was found primarily on effector memory CD8(+) T cells in all tissues examined. |
| 789 | 25348621 | Tim-3(+)CD8(+) T cells have lower Ki-67 content and minimal cytokine responses to SIV compared with Tim-3(-)CD8(+) T cells. |
| 790 | 25348621 | During acute-phase SIV replication, Tim-3 expression peaked on SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells by 2 wk postinfection and then rapidly diminished, irrespective of mutational escape of cognate Ag, suggesting non-TCR-driven mechanisms for Tim-3 expression. |
| 791 | 25348621 | Thus, rhesus Tim-3 in SIV infection partially mimics human Tim-3 in HIV infection and may serve as a novel model for targeted studies focused on rejuvenating HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 792 | 25348621 | Expansion of dysfunctional Tim-3-expressing effector memory CD8+ T cells during simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus macaques. |
| 793 | 25348621 | The T cell Ig- and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) negative immune checkpoint receptor demarcates functionally exhausted CD8(+) T cells arising from chronic stimulation in viral infections like HIV. |
| 794 | 25348621 | Tim-3 blockade leads to improved antiviral CD8(+) T cell responses in vitro and, therefore, represents a novel intervention strategy to restore T cell function in vivo and protect from disease progression. |
| 795 | 25348621 | We report that Tim-3(+)CD8(+) T cell frequencies are significantly increased in lymph nodes, but not in peripheral blood, in SIV-infected animals. |
| 796 | 25348621 | Tim-3(+)PD-1(+)CD8(+) T cells are similarly increased during SIV infection and positively correlate with SIV plasma viremia. |
| 797 | 25348621 | Tim-3 expression was found primarily on effector memory CD8(+) T cells in all tissues examined. |
| 798 | 25348621 | Tim-3(+)CD8(+) T cells have lower Ki-67 content and minimal cytokine responses to SIV compared with Tim-3(-)CD8(+) T cells. |
| 799 | 25348621 | During acute-phase SIV replication, Tim-3 expression peaked on SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells by 2 wk postinfection and then rapidly diminished, irrespective of mutational escape of cognate Ag, suggesting non-TCR-driven mechanisms for Tim-3 expression. |
| 800 | 25348621 | Thus, rhesus Tim-3 in SIV infection partially mimics human Tim-3 in HIV infection and may serve as a novel model for targeted studies focused on rejuvenating HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 801 | 25356757 | In rhesus macaques (RMs), experimental depletion of CD4+ T-cells prior to SIV infection results in higher viremia and emergence of CD4-independent SIV-envelopes. |
| 802 | 25768938 | Transcription factor expression patterns in SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in SIVΔnef-vaccinated animals were distinct from those observed in purified CD8+ T cell subsets obtained from naïve animals, and were intermediate to expression profiles of purified central memory and effector memory T cells. |
| 803 | 25768938 | Expression of transcription factors associated with effector differentiation, such as ID2 and RUNX3, were decreased over time, while expression of transcription factors associated with quiescence or memory differentiation, such as TCF7, BCOR and EOMES, increased. |
| 804 | 25768938 | CD8+ T cells specific for a more conserved epitope expressed higher levels of TBX21 and BATF, and appeared more effector-like than cells specific for an escaped epitope, consistent with continued activation by replicating vaccine virus. |
| 805 | 25844718 | Conserved epitopes on HIV-1, FIV and SIV p24 proteins are recognized by HIV-1 infected subjects. |
| 806 | 25844718 | Furthermore, evaluation of overlapping SIV p24 peptide sequences identified conserved epitope(s) on the Fp14/Hp15-counterpart of SIV, Sp14, but none on Fp9-counterpart of SIV, Sp9. |
| 807 | 25844718 | Intracellular staining analysis for cytotoxins and phenotyping for CD107a determined that peptide epitopes from Fp9 and Fp14 pools induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecules including perforin, granzyme B, granzyme A, and/or expression of CD107a. |
| 808 | 25844718 | Conserved epitopes on HIV-1, FIV and SIV p24 proteins are recognized by HIV-1 infected subjects. |
| 809 | 25844718 | Furthermore, evaluation of overlapping SIV p24 peptide sequences identified conserved epitope(s) on the Fp14/Hp15-counterpart of SIV, Sp14, but none on Fp9-counterpart of SIV, Sp9. |
| 810 | 25844718 | Intracellular staining analysis for cytotoxins and phenotyping for CD107a determined that peptide epitopes from Fp9 and Fp14 pools induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecules including perforin, granzyme B, granzyme A, and/or expression of CD107a. |
| 811 | 21377510 | In addition, the levels of SIV-specific IgA in saliva and plasma were inversely correlated with viral load at euthanasia. |
| 812 | 21377510 | Interestingly, a marked depletion of CD25(+)FoxP3(+)CD4(+) T cells was observed in the tonsils as well as the intestine of these animals, implying that T regulatory cells may be a major target of SIV infection in infant macaques. |