Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: KLK3

Gene name: kallikrein-related peptidase 3

HGNC ID: 6364

Synonyms: PSA

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ACPP	1 hits
2	BCL2	1 hits
3	CCL21	1 hits
4	CD1C	1 hits
5	CD4	1 hits
6	CD79A	1 hits
7	CD8A	1 hits
8	CEACAM5	1 hits
9	CSF1	1 hits
10	CSF2	1 hits
11	DDEF1	1 hits
12	EGFR	1 hits
13	ERBB2	1 hits
14	FOLH1	1 hits
15	GLI2	1 hits
16	GRP	1 hits
17	HLA-A	1 hits
18	HLA-B	1 hits
19	HLA-DRB1	1 hits
20	HSPA1A	1 hits
21	IFNG	1 hits
22	IL10	1 hits
23	IL2	1 hits
24	IL4	1 hits
25	IMPACT	1 hits
26	JAG1	1 hits
27	KLK4	1 hits
28	LPA	1 hits
29	MRC1	1 hits
30	MYD88	1 hits
31	PCAF	1 hits
32	PSCA	1 hits
33	PTGS2	1 hits
34	SERPINA3	1 hits
35	SPINLW1	1 hits
36	STN	1 hits
37	TLR9	1 hits
38	TMEM16G	1 hits
39	TNF	1 hits
40	VHLL	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	9620215	Various PSA-related concepts, including the ratio of "free" PSA and complexes of PSA with the protease inhibitor, alpha1-antichymotrypsin, to total PSA, have been proposed and placed within diagnostic and management algorithms.
2	9743387	Previous studies have shown that two 10-mer PSA peptides (designated PSA-1 and PSA-3) selected to conform to human HLA class I-A2 motifs can elicit CTL responses in vitro.
3	9743387	A longer PSA peptide (30-mer) designated PSA-OP (oligoepitope peptide), which contains both the PSA-1 and PSA-3 HLA-A2 epitopes and an additional potential CTL epitope (designated PSA-9) for the HLA-class I-A3 allele, was investigated for the ability to induce cytotoxic T cell activity.
4	9743387	Previous studies have shown that two 10-mer PSA peptides (designated PSA-1 and PSA-3) selected to conform to human HLA class I-A2 motifs can elicit CTL responses in vitro.
5	9743387	A longer PSA peptide (30-mer) designated PSA-OP (oligoepitope peptide), which contains both the PSA-1 and PSA-3 HLA-A2 epitopes and an additional potential CTL epitope (designated PSA-9) for the HLA-class I-A3 allele, was investigated for the ability to induce cytotoxic T cell activity.
6	9872328	Furthermore, immunization with PSA plasmid induced MHC Class I CD8+ T cell-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against tumor cell targets expressing PSA.
7	10815880	Ten patients who received the highest dose also received 250 microg/m2 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as an immunostimulatory adjunct.
8	10815880	PSA levels in 14 of 33 men treated with rV-PSA with or without GM-CSF were stable for at least 6 months after primary immunization.
9	11223078	We demonstrate that FPH22.PSA targeted PSA was internalized and processed by the human myeloid THP-1 cell line resulting in presentation of MHC class I-associated PSA peptides and lysis of THP-1 by PSA-specific human CTL.
10	11300487	More specifically, coimmunization with interleukin (IL)-2 cDNA construct resulted in a significant enhancement of PSA-specific antibody responses in both mice and macaque models.
11	11300487	In mice, the groups coimmunized with IL-2, IL-12, or IL-18 showed a dramatic increase in T helper cell proliferation over the results with pCPSA alone.
12	11494145	We observed induction of PSA-specific humoral response as well as positive PSA-specific lymphoproliferative (LPA) response in the vaccinated macaques.
13	11494145	We also observed that the stimulated T cells from the PSA-immunized rhesus macaques produced higher levels of Th1 type cytokine IFN-gamma than the control vector immunized animals.
14	11494145	We observed induction of PSA-specific humoral response as well as positive PSA-specific lymphoproliferative (LPA) response in the vaccinated macaques.
15	11494145	We also observed that the stimulated T cells from the PSA-immunized rhesus macaques produced higher levels of Th1 type cytokine IFN-gamma than the control vector immunized animals.
16	11525292	It is associated with two well-characterized serum biomarkers, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase, which enables the investigator to monitor the progress of the disease.
17	11604164	There was no significant increase of PSA-specific IgA.
18	11726219	Generation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses by dendritic cells armed with PSA/anti-PSA (antigen/antibody) complexes.
19	11726219	We compared the capacity of DC to generate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses after exposure to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) alone, PSA targeted to the mannose receptor (mannosylated PSA (PSA-m)), or PSA targeted to Fc receptors by combining PSA with an anti-PSA antibody (AR47.47).
20	11726219	Autologous CD3(+) T cells were added to monocyte-derived immature DC that had been cultured with GM-CSF/IL-4 for 4 days, exposed to antigen, and matured with CD40L or TNFalpha/IFN-alpha.
21	11726219	Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses were observed after stimulation with DC exposed to the PSA/anti-PSA complexes, whereas CD4(+) predominated over CD8(+) T cell responses after stimulation with PSA-armed DC or PSA-m.
22	11726219	These CD8(+) T cells responded when rechallenged with DC pulsed with HLA allele-restricted PSA peptides.
23	11726219	Generation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses by dendritic cells armed with PSA/anti-PSA (antigen/antibody) complexes.
24	11726219	We compared the capacity of DC to generate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses after exposure to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) alone, PSA targeted to the mannose receptor (mannosylated PSA (PSA-m)), or PSA targeted to Fc receptors by combining PSA with an anti-PSA antibody (AR47.47).
25	11726219	Autologous CD3(+) T cells were added to monocyte-derived immature DC that had been cultured with GM-CSF/IL-4 for 4 days, exposed to antigen, and matured with CD40L or TNFalpha/IFN-alpha.
26	11726219	Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses were observed after stimulation with DC exposed to the PSA/anti-PSA complexes, whereas CD4(+) predominated over CD8(+) T cell responses after stimulation with PSA-armed DC or PSA-m.
27	11726219	These CD8(+) T cells responded when rechallenged with DC pulsed with HLA allele-restricted PSA peptides.
28	11726219	Generation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses by dendritic cells armed with PSA/anti-PSA (antigen/antibody) complexes.
29	11726219	We compared the capacity of DC to generate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses after exposure to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) alone, PSA targeted to the mannose receptor (mannosylated PSA (PSA-m)), or PSA targeted to Fc receptors by combining PSA with an anti-PSA antibody (AR47.47).
30	11726219	Autologous CD3(+) T cells were added to monocyte-derived immature DC that had been cultured with GM-CSF/IL-4 for 4 days, exposed to antigen, and matured with CD40L or TNFalpha/IFN-alpha.
31	11726219	Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses were observed after stimulation with DC exposed to the PSA/anti-PSA complexes, whereas CD4(+) predominated over CD8(+) T cell responses after stimulation with PSA-armed DC or PSA-m.
32	11726219	These CD8(+) T cells responded when rechallenged with DC pulsed with HLA allele-restricted PSA peptides.
33	11726219	Generation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses by dendritic cells armed with PSA/anti-PSA (antigen/antibody) complexes.
34	11726219	We compared the capacity of DC to generate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses after exposure to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) alone, PSA targeted to the mannose receptor (mannosylated PSA (PSA-m)), or PSA targeted to Fc receptors by combining PSA with an anti-PSA antibody (AR47.47).
35	11726219	Autologous CD3(+) T cells were added to monocyte-derived immature DC that had been cultured with GM-CSF/IL-4 for 4 days, exposed to antigen, and matured with CD40L or TNFalpha/IFN-alpha.
36	11726219	Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses were observed after stimulation with DC exposed to the PSA/anti-PSA complexes, whereas CD4(+) predominated over CD8(+) T cell responses after stimulation with PSA-armed DC or PSA-m.
37	11726219	These CD8(+) T cells responded when rechallenged with DC pulsed with HLA allele-restricted PSA peptides.
38	11801539	Human T-cell lines generated with the PSA-3A agonist had the ability to lyse human prostate carcinoma cells expressing native PSA in an MHC-restricted manner.
39	11801539	Recombinant vaccinia viruses were also constructed that contained the entire PSA transgene with and without the single amino acid change that constitutes the PSA-3A epitope; DCs infected with the recombinant vector containing the agonist amino acid change within the entire PSA gene (designated rV-PSA-3A) were more effective than DCs infected with the rV-PSA vector in enhancing IFN-gamma production by T cells.
40	11801539	Human T-cell lines generated with the PSA-3A agonist had the ability to lyse human prostate carcinoma cells expressing native PSA in an MHC-restricted manner.
41	11801539	Recombinant vaccinia viruses were also constructed that contained the entire PSA transgene with and without the single amino acid change that constitutes the PSA-3A epitope; DCs infected with the recombinant vector containing the agonist amino acid change within the entire PSA gene (designated rV-PSA-3A) were more effective than DCs infected with the rV-PSA vector in enhancing IFN-gamma production by T cells.
42	11870501	To determine whether these functional impairments could be reversed by prostate specific antigen-based vaccination therapy, 10 patients treated with recombinant human prostate specific antigen plus GM-CSF and eight others receiving prostate specific antigen plus oil emulsion in two pilot clinical trials were evaluated prior to and after vaccination for several immunologic end points, including zeta-chain expression and cytokine production by circulating T cells as well as the frequency of T cells able to respond to prostate specific antigen in ELISPOT assays.
43	11870501	Also, spontaneous IL-10 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased following immunotherapy in patients treated with prostate specific antigen and GM-CSF.
44	11870501	To determine whether these functional impairments could be reversed by prostate specific antigen-based vaccination therapy, 10 patients treated with recombinant human prostate specific antigen plus GM-CSF and eight others receiving prostate specific antigen plus oil emulsion in two pilot clinical trials were evaluated prior to and after vaccination for several immunologic end points, including zeta-chain expression and cytokine production by circulating T cells as well as the frequency of T cells able to respond to prostate specific antigen in ELISPOT assays.
45	11870501	Also, spontaneous IL-10 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased following immunotherapy in patients treated with prostate specific antigen and GM-CSF.
46	12077288	Identification of naturally processed CD4 T cell epitopes from the prostate-specific antigen kallikrein 4 using peptide-based in vitro stimulation.
47	12077288	To examine the presence of CD4 T cells specific for KLK4 in PBMC of normal individuals, a peptide-based in vitro stimulation protocol was developed that uses overlapping KLK4-derived peptides spanning the majority of the KLK4 protein.
48	12077288	Using this methodology, three naturally processed CD4 epitopes derived from the KLK4 sequence are identified.
49	12077288	These epitopes are restricted by HLA-DRB10404, HLA-DRB10701, and HLA-DPB1*0401 class II alleles.
50	12077288	CD4 T cell clones specific for these epitopes are shown to efficiently and specifically recognize both recombinant KLK4 protein and lysates from prostate tumor cell lines virally infected to express KLK4.
51	12077288	CD4 T cells specific for these KLK4 epitopes are shown to exist in PBMC from multiple male donors that express the relevant class II alleles, indicating that a CD4 T cell repertoire specific for KLK4 is present and potentially expandable in prostate cancer patients.
52	12077288	The demonstration that KLK4-specific CD4 T cells exist in the peripheral circulation of normal male donors and the identification of naturally processed KLK4-derived CD4 T cell epitopes support the use of KLK4 in whole gene-, protein-, or peptide-based vaccine strategies against prostate cancer.
53	12124806	Immunization of these HLA-A2402/K(b)-transgenic mice with various known HLA-A24-restricted immunodominant cancer CTL epitope peptides derived from gp100, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, Her2/neu, CEA and TERT induced HLA-A24-restricted, peptide-specific CTLs.
54	12124806	Staining with HLA tetramers showed that the cytotoxic activity induced by immunizing with PSA(152-160) in HLA-A2402/K(b) transgenic mice was HLA-A2402-restricted and CD8-dependent.
55	12783216	Intracytoplasmic cytokine analysis for IFN-gamma in purified CD8(+) cells after stimulation with peptide antigens was tested in 6 patients and this technique demonstrated a similar response.
56	12783216	Freshly isolated and purified CD8(+) cells when tested, also recognized the epitopes, as measured by IFN assay, when presented by transporter associated with antigen-processing (TAP) deficient T2 cells in an MHC-I restricted fashion.
57	12783216	In long term cocultures stimulation of purified CD8(+) T cells with matured DC pulsed with PSA peptides generated a PSA-specific CTL response in 4 of 6 patients studied and in 2 of 9 normal donors.
58	12783216	While our observations of CTL generation are consistent with the prior reports that have demonstrated that specific CD8(+) CTL could be generated which recognize PSA-derived epitopes by in vitro stimulation by one means or another, this observation that IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells are present in patients which are antigen experienced, and do not require in vitro stimulation, is novel and has major implications for prostate cancer vaccine preparation.
59	12783216	Intracytoplasmic cytokine analysis for IFN-gamma in purified CD8(+) cells after stimulation with peptide antigens was tested in 6 patients and this technique demonstrated a similar response.
60	12783216	Freshly isolated and purified CD8(+) cells when tested, also recognized the epitopes, as measured by IFN assay, when presented by transporter associated with antigen-processing (TAP) deficient T2 cells in an MHC-I restricted fashion.
61	12783216	In long term cocultures stimulation of purified CD8(+) T cells with matured DC pulsed with PSA peptides generated a PSA-specific CTL response in 4 of 6 patients studied and in 2 of 9 normal donors.
62	12783216	While our observations of CTL generation are consistent with the prior reports that have demonstrated that specific CD8(+) CTL could be generated which recognize PSA-derived epitopes by in vitro stimulation by one means or another, this observation that IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells are present in patients which are antigen experienced, and do not require in vitro stimulation, is novel and has major implications for prostate cancer vaccine preparation.
63	14571412	Identified proteins expressed in prostate cancer, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), have been used as immunologic targets for immunotherapy.
64	14747048	Current novel approaches include vaccines, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, selective apoptotic antineoplastic drugs, endothelin-A receptor antagonists, chemotherapy, vitamin D, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists.
65	14747048	These therapies, such as the COX-2 inhibitors, will need to proceed to phase 3 trials to answer the more important question of whether this change in PSA dynamics translates into improved survival.
66	14760510	PSA-specific T cells were detected ex vivo by ELISpot for IFN-gamma in 7 patients before vaccination and in 11 patients after vaccination.
67	14770085	CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte recognition of prostate specific antigen in granulomatous prostatitis.
68	14770085	Several CD4+ and CD8+ TcR alpha/beta+ T-cell lines were selected for PSA reactivity as measured by at least a threefold increase in IFN-gamma secretion in response to PSA presented by irradiated autologous PBMC.
69	14770085	CD4 and CD8 T-cell lines recognized PSA in the context of HLA-DRbeta11501 and HLA-B0702, respectively.
70	14770085	To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of HLA-DRB11501- or HLA-B0702-restricted responses to PSA and extends the number of HLA molecules accommodating the use of PSA antigen as a candidate vaccine for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
71	14770085	CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte recognition of prostate specific antigen in granulomatous prostatitis.
72	14770085	Several CD4+ and CD8+ TcR alpha/beta+ T-cell lines were selected for PSA reactivity as measured by at least a threefold increase in IFN-gamma secretion in response to PSA presented by irradiated autologous PBMC.
73	14770085	CD4 and CD8 T-cell lines recognized PSA in the context of HLA-DRbeta11501 and HLA-B0702, respectively.
74	14770085	To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of HLA-DRB11501- or HLA-B0702-restricted responses to PSA and extends the number of HLA molecules accommodating the use of PSA antigen as a candidate vaccine for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
75	14770085	CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte recognition of prostate specific antigen in granulomatous prostatitis.
76	14770085	Several CD4+ and CD8+ TcR alpha/beta+ T-cell lines were selected for PSA reactivity as measured by at least a threefold increase in IFN-gamma secretion in response to PSA presented by irradiated autologous PBMC.
77	14770085	CD4 and CD8 T-cell lines recognized PSA in the context of HLA-DRbeta11501 and HLA-B0702, respectively.
78	14770085	To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of HLA-DRB11501- or HLA-B0702-restricted responses to PSA and extends the number of HLA molecules accommodating the use of PSA antigen as a candidate vaccine for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
79	14770085	CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte recognition of prostate specific antigen in granulomatous prostatitis.
80	14770085	Several CD4+ and CD8+ TcR alpha/beta+ T-cell lines were selected for PSA reactivity as measured by at least a threefold increase in IFN-gamma secretion in response to PSA presented by irradiated autologous PBMC.
81	14770085	CD4 and CD8 T-cell lines recognized PSA in the context of HLA-DRbeta11501 and HLA-B0702, respectively.
82	14770085	To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of HLA-DRB11501- or HLA-B0702-restricted responses to PSA and extends the number of HLA molecules accommodating the use of PSA antigen as a candidate vaccine for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
83	15280930	A phase I trial of pVAX/PSA, together with cytokine granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Molgramostim) and IL-2 (Aldesleukin) as vaccine adjuvants, was carried out in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
84	15280930	A PSA-specific cellular immune response, measured by IFN-gamma production against recombinant PSA protein, and a rise in anti-PSA IgG were detected in two of three patients after vaccination in the highest dose cohort.
85	15280930	A decrease in the slope of PSA was observed in the two patients exhibiting IFN-gamma production to PSA.
86	15280930	We demonstrate that DNA vaccination with a PSA-coding plasmid vector, given with GM-CSF and IL-2 to patients with prostate cancer, is safe and in doses of 900 microg the vaccine can induce cellular and humoral immune responses against PSA protein.
87	15280930	A phase I trial of pVAX/PSA, together with cytokine granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Molgramostim) and IL-2 (Aldesleukin) as vaccine adjuvants, was carried out in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
88	15280930	A PSA-specific cellular immune response, measured by IFN-gamma production against recombinant PSA protein, and a rise in anti-PSA IgG were detected in two of three patients after vaccination in the highest dose cohort.
89	15280930	A decrease in the slope of PSA was observed in the two patients exhibiting IFN-gamma production to PSA.
90	15280930	We demonstrate that DNA vaccination with a PSA-coding plasmid vector, given with GM-CSF and IL-2 to patients with prostate cancer, is safe and in doses of 900 microg the vaccine can induce cellular and humoral immune responses against PSA protein.
91	15280930	A phase I trial of pVAX/PSA, together with cytokine granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Molgramostim) and IL-2 (Aldesleukin) as vaccine adjuvants, was carried out in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
92	15280930	A PSA-specific cellular immune response, measured by IFN-gamma production against recombinant PSA protein, and a rise in anti-PSA IgG were detected in two of three patients after vaccination in the highest dose cohort.
93	15280930	A decrease in the slope of PSA was observed in the two patients exhibiting IFN-gamma production to PSA.
94	15280930	We demonstrate that DNA vaccination with a PSA-coding plasmid vector, given with GM-CSF and IL-2 to patients with prostate cancer, is safe and in doses of 900 microg the vaccine can induce cellular and humoral immune responses against PSA protein.
95	15280930	A phase I trial of pVAX/PSA, together with cytokine granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Molgramostim) and IL-2 (Aldesleukin) as vaccine adjuvants, was carried out in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
96	15280930	A PSA-specific cellular immune response, measured by IFN-gamma production against recombinant PSA protein, and a rise in anti-PSA IgG were detected in two of three patients after vaccination in the highest dose cohort.
97	15280930	A decrease in the slope of PSA was observed in the two patients exhibiting IFN-gamma production to PSA.
98	15280930	We demonstrate that DNA vaccination with a PSA-coding plasmid vector, given with GM-CSF and IL-2 to patients with prostate cancer, is safe and in doses of 900 microg the vaccine can induce cellular and humoral immune responses against PSA protein.
99	15375382	The second type, truncated vaccines (tVacs), encodes for either hPSA or human prostate acidic phosphatase (hPAP), both of which lack signal peptide sequences and are retained in the cytosol and degraded by the proteasomes following expression.
100	15547716	The risk for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in 95 patients undergoing prostatectomy at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) was calculated and correlated to HER2/neu expression, as determined by immunohistochemical staining.
101	15547716	Moreover, these E75-specific lymphocytes also demonstrated tumor-specific lysis against HER2/neu-expressing prostate cancer cell lines.
102	15696608	Comparison of PSA-specific CD8+ CTL responses and antitumor immunity generated by plasmid DNA vaccines encoding PSA-HSP chimeric proteins.
103	15696608	We have constructed several plasmid-based vectors encoding chimeric proteins containing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) fused to Mycobacterium tuberculosis hsp70, M. bovis hsp65, Escherichia coli DnaK (hsp70), or human hsp70.
104	15696608	Immunizing mice with these plasmids induced CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific to human PSA and protected mice from a subsequent subcutaneous challenge with PSA-expressing tumors.
105	15696608	Comparison of PSA-specific CD8+ CTL responses and antitumor immunity generated by plasmid DNA vaccines encoding PSA-HSP chimeric proteins.
106	15696608	We have constructed several plasmid-based vectors encoding chimeric proteins containing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) fused to Mycobacterium tuberculosis hsp70, M. bovis hsp65, Escherichia coli DnaK (hsp70), or human hsp70.
107	15696608	Immunizing mice with these plasmids induced CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific to human PSA and protected mice from a subsequent subcutaneous challenge with PSA-expressing tumors.
108	15696608	Comparison of PSA-specific CD8+ CTL responses and antitumor immunity generated by plasmid DNA vaccines encoding PSA-HSP chimeric proteins.
109	15696608	We have constructed several plasmid-based vectors encoding chimeric proteins containing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) fused to Mycobacterium tuberculosis hsp70, M. bovis hsp65, Escherichia coli DnaK (hsp70), or human hsp70.
110	15696608	Immunizing mice with these plasmids induced CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific to human PSA and protected mice from a subsequent subcutaneous challenge with PSA-expressing tumors.
111	15894116	In this study, several DNA fragments encoding multiple cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper (Th) cell epitopes were selected from human prostate-specific membrane antigen (hPSM), mouse prostatic acid phosphatase (mPAP), and human prostate-specific antigen (hPSA), These DNA fragments were ligated together to form a novel fusion gene, termed 3P gene.
112	15894116	These observations provide a new vaccine strategy for cancer therapy through concomitant enhancement of antigen specific CD4(+) helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell responses against tumors.
113	15934916	Prostate epithelial cells express a number of tissue-specific proteins that have been the target either for antibody-directed therapies, in the case of prostate-specific membrane antigen, or target-activated therapies in the case of prostate-specific antigen, a serine protease.
114	16000955	The authors studied humoral and CD4+ T-cell responses in an HLA-A24+ prostate cancer patient vaccinated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-directed peptides, including a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)248-257 peptide, to understand what kinds of immune responses are elicited in peptide-vaccinated patients.
115	16000955	However, HLA-DRB1*1302-restricted and PSA protein-recognizing TH1-type CD4+ T-cell clone and line, with different specificity, were successfully established from the post-7th and post-13th peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively.
116	16000955	Both CD4+ T cells produced interferon-gamma in response to naturally processed PSA secreted from prostate cancer cells, whereas their reactivity to the administered PSA248-257 peptide was undetectable or negligible.
117	16000955	The authors studied humoral and CD4+ T-cell responses in an HLA-A24+ prostate cancer patient vaccinated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-directed peptides, including a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)248-257 peptide, to understand what kinds of immune responses are elicited in peptide-vaccinated patients.
118	16000955	However, HLA-DRB1*1302-restricted and PSA protein-recognizing TH1-type CD4+ T-cell clone and line, with different specificity, were successfully established from the post-7th and post-13th peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively.
119	16000955	Both CD4+ T cells produced interferon-gamma in response to naturally processed PSA secreted from prostate cancer cells, whereas their reactivity to the administered PSA248-257 peptide was undetectable or negligible.
120	16000955	The authors studied humoral and CD4+ T-cell responses in an HLA-A24+ prostate cancer patient vaccinated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-directed peptides, including a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)248-257 peptide, to understand what kinds of immune responses are elicited in peptide-vaccinated patients.
121	16000955	However, HLA-DRB1*1302-restricted and PSA protein-recognizing TH1-type CD4+ T-cell clone and line, with different specificity, were successfully established from the post-7th and post-13th peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively.
122	16000955	Both CD4+ T cells produced interferon-gamma in response to naturally processed PSA secreted from prostate cancer cells, whereas their reactivity to the administered PSA248-257 peptide was undetectable or negligible.
123	16185933	In a mouse model, we evaluated the CD8(+) T lymphocyte response to a prostate cancer DNA vaccine encoding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after intradermal electroporation.
124	16243821	Phase I clinical trial of a HER-2/neu peptide (E75) vaccine for the prevention of prostate-specific antigen recurrence in high-risk prostate cancer patients.
125	16283303	Patients were vaccinated either by intradermal injection of PSA-peptide and GM-CSF or by intravenous administration of autologous dendritic cells pulsed with PSA-peptide at weeks 1, 4 and 10.
126	16283303	The phenotype of recovered T cells demonstrated variable proportions of CD4+CD8-, CD4-CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ T cell populations.
127	16283303	Cytokine analysis of PSA-peptide stimulated T cells per bead array assay exhibited specific IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha response in six of seven patients.
128	16283303	Specific IL-4 response was observed in five patients, while IL-10 response was detected in one patient.
129	16283303	Patients were vaccinated either by intradermal injection of PSA-peptide and GM-CSF or by intravenous administration of autologous dendritic cells pulsed with PSA-peptide at weeks 1, 4 and 10.
130	16283303	The phenotype of recovered T cells demonstrated variable proportions of CD4+CD8-, CD4-CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ T cell populations.
131	16283303	Cytokine analysis of PSA-peptide stimulated T cells per bead array assay exhibited specific IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha response in six of seven patients.
132	16283303	Specific IL-4 response was observed in five patients, while IL-10 response was detected in one patient.
133	16338420	Although a large number of TAAs are available for insertion into viral vectors, this review will discuss the preclinical and clinical development of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) poxviral vaccines, as models of the pox viral vaccine approach.
134	16391848	Their cytotoxicity against HLA-A24+ PSA-expressing colon cancer cells was dependent on HLA class I-restricted and CD8+ T cells.
135	16476062	In this study, several DNA fragments encoding multiple cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper cell epitopes were selected from human prostate-specific membrane antigen (hPSM), mouse prostatic acid phosphatase (mPAP), and human prostate-specific antigen (hPSA).
136	16476062	These observations provide a new vaccine strategy for cancer therapy through promoting the co-localization of lymphocytes and the concomitant enhancement of antigen-specific CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses against tumour.
137	16630528	Proteins expressed in prostate cancer including prostate-specific antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase, and prostate membrane antigen have been used as immunologic targets for immunotherapy.
138	16752945	Sipuleucel-T selectively targets the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) known as prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) that is expressed in approximately 95% of prostate cancers.
139	16752945	It is produced by ex vivo exposure of dendritic cell precursors to PA 2024, a recombinant fusion protein composed of the PAP target fused to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and incorporated into Dendreon's proprietary Antigen Delivery Cassette.
140	16977630	Vaccination of advanced prostate cancer patients with PSCA and PSA peptide-loaded dendritic cells induces DTH responses that correlate with superior overall survival.
141	16977630	Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are overexpressed in most prostate cancers.
142	16977630	PSCA- and PSA-derived, HLA-A2 binding peptides are specific targets for T-cell responses in vitro.
143	16977630	A phase I/II trial was performed to demonstrate feasibility, safety and induction of antigen-specific immunity by vaccination with dendritic cells (DC) presenting PSCA and PSA peptides in patients with hormone- and chemotherapy-refractory prostate cancer.
144	16977630	Vaccination with PSA/PSCA peptide-loaded, autologous DCs may induce cellular responses primarily in immunocompetent patients, which appear to be associated with clinical benefit.
145	16977630	Vaccination of advanced prostate cancer patients with PSCA and PSA peptide-loaded dendritic cells induces DTH responses that correlate with superior overall survival.
146	16977630	Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are overexpressed in most prostate cancers.
147	16977630	PSCA- and PSA-derived, HLA-A2 binding peptides are specific targets for T-cell responses in vitro.
148	16977630	A phase I/II trial was performed to demonstrate feasibility, safety and induction of antigen-specific immunity by vaccination with dendritic cells (DC) presenting PSCA and PSA peptides in patients with hormone- and chemotherapy-refractory prostate cancer.
149	16977630	Vaccination with PSA/PSCA peptide-loaded, autologous DCs may induce cellular responses primarily in immunocompetent patients, which appear to be associated with clinical benefit.
150	16977630	Vaccination of advanced prostate cancer patients with PSCA and PSA peptide-loaded dendritic cells induces DTH responses that correlate with superior overall survival.
151	16977630	Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are overexpressed in most prostate cancers.
152	16977630	PSCA- and PSA-derived, HLA-A2 binding peptides are specific targets for T-cell responses in vitro.
153	16977630	A phase I/II trial was performed to demonstrate feasibility, safety and induction of antigen-specific immunity by vaccination with dendritic cells (DC) presenting PSCA and PSA peptides in patients with hormone- and chemotherapy-refractory prostate cancer.
154	16977630	Vaccination with PSA/PSCA peptide-loaded, autologous DCs may induce cellular responses primarily in immunocompetent patients, which appear to be associated with clinical benefit.
155	16977630	Vaccination of advanced prostate cancer patients with PSCA and PSA peptide-loaded dendritic cells induces DTH responses that correlate with superior overall survival.
156	16977630	Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are overexpressed in most prostate cancers.
157	16977630	PSCA- and PSA-derived, HLA-A2 binding peptides are specific targets for T-cell responses in vitro.
158	16977630	A phase I/II trial was performed to demonstrate feasibility, safety and induction of antigen-specific immunity by vaccination with dendritic cells (DC) presenting PSCA and PSA peptides in patients with hormone- and chemotherapy-refractory prostate cancer.
159	16977630	Vaccination with PSA/PSCA peptide-loaded, autologous DCs may induce cellular responses primarily in immunocompetent patients, which appear to be associated with clinical benefit.
160	16977630	Vaccination of advanced prostate cancer patients with PSCA and PSA peptide-loaded dendritic cells induces DTH responses that correlate with superior overall survival.
161	16977630	Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are overexpressed in most prostate cancers.
162	16977630	PSCA- and PSA-derived, HLA-A2 binding peptides are specific targets for T-cell responses in vitro.
163	16977630	A phase I/II trial was performed to demonstrate feasibility, safety and induction of antigen-specific immunity by vaccination with dendritic cells (DC) presenting PSCA and PSA peptides in patients with hormone- and chemotherapy-refractory prostate cancer.
164	16977630	Vaccination with PSA/PSCA peptide-loaded, autologous DCs may induce cellular responses primarily in immunocompetent patients, which appear to be associated with clinical benefit.
165	17180470	We previously reported that several DNA fragments from human prostate-specific membrane antigen (hPSM), mouse prostatic acid phosphatase (mPAP), and human prostate-specific antigen (hPSA) genes were selected and fused to create a novel hPSM-mPAP-hPSA fusion gene (named 3P gene), and human secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC), 3P, and human IgG Fc genes were inserted into pcDNA3.1 to construct a DNA vaccine, designated pSLC-3P-Fc.
166	17180470	In vivo depletion of lymphocytes indicated that CD8(+) T cells were involved in the direct tumor killing, whereas CD4(+) T lymphocytes were required for the induction of CD8(+) CTL response in B16F10-SLC-3P-Fc-immunized mice.
167	17180470	Splenocytes from B16F10-SLC-3P-Fc-immunized mice specifically recognized and lysed PSM, PAP, PSA, and 3P expressing tumor cells.
168	17180470	We previously reported that several DNA fragments from human prostate-specific membrane antigen (hPSM), mouse prostatic acid phosphatase (mPAP), and human prostate-specific antigen (hPSA) genes were selected and fused to create a novel hPSM-mPAP-hPSA fusion gene (named 3P gene), and human secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC), 3P, and human IgG Fc genes were inserted into pcDNA3.1 to construct a DNA vaccine, designated pSLC-3P-Fc.
169	17180470	In vivo depletion of lymphocytes indicated that CD8(+) T cells were involved in the direct tumor killing, whereas CD4(+) T lymphocytes were required for the induction of CD8(+) CTL response in B16F10-SLC-3P-Fc-immunized mice.
170	17180470	Splenocytes from B16F10-SLC-3P-Fc-immunized mice specifically recognized and lysed PSM, PAP, PSA, and 3P expressing tumor cells.
171	17362049	Administration of antibodies targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 or the prostate-specific membrane antigen led to stabilisation of PSA levels in several patients.
172	17362049	Sipuleucel-T (APC8015), an immunotherapy product consisting of antigen-presenting cells, loaded ex vivo with a recombinant fusion protein consisting of prostatic acid phosphatase linked to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, demonstrated in a phase III, placebo-controlled trial an improvement in median time to disease progression.
173	17430695	Proteins expressed in prostate cancer-including prostate-specific antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase, and prostate membrane antigen-have been used as immunologic targets for immunotherapy.
174	17447437	The rationale for developing an immunotherapeutic approach has been based on the overexpression and underglycosylation of a wide variety of altered "self" molecules including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), acid phosphatase (ACP), prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which can serve as targets for immune recognition and attack.
175	17504779	After adjustment for age, gender, and various comorbid conditions, patients who filled two or more prescriptions for a statin during a 1-year ascertainment period were more likely than patients who filled only one prescription to receive prostate-specific antigen tests (hazard ratio (HR)=1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 2.19), fecal occult blood tests (HR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.53), screening mammograms (HR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.38), influenza vaccinations (HR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.31), and pneumococcal vaccinations (HR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.83) during follow-up.
176	17566290	We review Eppin-semenogelin interaction and present a working model in the context of the hydrolysis of semenogelin by prostate specific antigen.
177	17628235	Priming of CD8+ T-cell responses after DNA immunization is impaired in TLR9- and MyD88-deficient mice.
178	17628235	In the present study we assessed induction of CD8+ T-cell responses against an immunodominant H-2D(b)-restricted epitope of human prostate-specific antigen in C57Bl/6 (wild-type), TLR9- and MyD88-deficient mice.
179	17628235	A single DNA immunization resulted in efficient priming of CD8+ T responses in wild-type mice but not in TLR9- or MyD88-deficient mice.
180	17628235	However, priming of CD8+ T cell responses was observed in TLR9-deficient but not in MyD88-deficient mice after multiple DNA immunizations.
181	17628235	Moreover, induction of CD8+ T cell responses in TLR9-deficient mice was dependent on the presence of endotoxin contamination in plasmid DNA preparations.
182	17628235	Collectively, these results demonstrate that TLR9-dependent immunostimulatory activity of plasmid DNA is essential for priming of CD8+ T-cell responses and that other bacterial compounds present in plasmid DNA preparations and acting via MyD88-dependent pathway could provide alternative signals necessary for priming of CD8+ T cells.
183	18084243	The data demonstrate that a bacterial live vaccine encompassing T1SS in combination with cholera toxin subunit B can be successfully used for delivery of PSA to induce cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses resulting in an efficient prevention of tumor growth in mice.
184	18273616	Lm-LLO-PSA was immunogenic in C57BL/6 mice and splenocytes from mice immunized with Lm-LLO-PSA showed significantly higher number of IFN-gamma secreting cells over that of the naïve animals in response to a PSA H2Db-specific peptide, as measured by both, ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining.
185	18345705	Vaccine therapy of prostate cancer is principally attractive because of the presence of tumor-associated antigens such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and others.
186	18698048	Safety and immunologic response of a viral vaccine to prostate-specific antigen in combination with radiation therapy when metronomic-dose interleukin 2 is used as an adjuvant.
187	18704362	Immunizing patients who have hormone-refractory prostate cancer with an allogenic IL-2 and IFN-gamma secreting tumor cell vaccine is safe and feasible with no dose-limiting toxicity; it has been shown to reduce the progression of prostate-specific antigen in treated subjects and to induce vaccine-specific immune responses.
188	19414816	Four de-N-acetyl PSA Ags were prepared and conjugated to tetanus toxoid, including completely de-N-acetylated PSA.
189	19414816	Thus, de-N-acetyl PSA Ags are immunogenic and elicit Abs that can be protective against MenB and N. meningitidis group C strains.
190	19414816	Four de-N-acetyl PSA Ags were prepared and conjugated to tetanus toxoid, including completely de-N-acetylated PSA.
191	19414816	Thus, de-N-acetyl PSA Ags are immunogenic and elicit Abs that can be protective against MenB and N. meningitidis group C strains.
192	19483644	Vaccination with agonist peptide PSA: 154-163 (155L) derived from prostate specific antigen induced CD8 T-cell response to the native peptide PSA: 154-163 but failed to induce the reactivity against tumor targets expressing PSA: a phase 2 study in patients with recurrent prostate cancer.
193	19483644	Peptide-specific CD8 T-cell responses in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients were measured by interferon (IFN)-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay.
194	19483644	No IFN-gamma response to PSA: 154-163 (155L) was detected in unfractioned PBMC in any patient either before or after vaccination.
195	19483644	Three of 5 patients demonstrated strong IFN-gamma responses to PSA: 154-163 (155L) and native PSA: 154-163 peptides in CD8 T-cell cultures derived from postvaccination PBMC.
196	19483644	Vaccination with agonist peptide PSA: 154-163 (155L) derived from prostate specific antigen induced CD8 T-cell response to the native peptide PSA: 154-163 but failed to induce the reactivity against tumor targets expressing PSA: a phase 2 study in patients with recurrent prostate cancer.
197	19483644	Peptide-specific CD8 T-cell responses in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients were measured by interferon (IFN)-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay.
198	19483644	No IFN-gamma response to PSA: 154-163 (155L) was detected in unfractioned PBMC in any patient either before or after vaccination.
199	19483644	Three of 5 patients demonstrated strong IFN-gamma responses to PSA: 154-163 (155L) and native PSA: 154-163 peptides in CD8 T-cell cultures derived from postvaccination PBMC.
200	19483644	Vaccination with agonist peptide PSA: 154-163 (155L) derived from prostate specific antigen induced CD8 T-cell response to the native peptide PSA: 154-163 but failed to induce the reactivity against tumor targets expressing PSA: a phase 2 study in patients with recurrent prostate cancer.
201	19483644	Peptide-specific CD8 T-cell responses in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients were measured by interferon (IFN)-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay.
202	19483644	No IFN-gamma response to PSA: 154-163 (155L) was detected in unfractioned PBMC in any patient either before or after vaccination.
203	19483644	Three of 5 patients demonstrated strong IFN-gamma responses to PSA: 154-163 (155L) and native PSA: 154-163 peptides in CD8 T-cell cultures derived from postvaccination PBMC.
204	19954892	Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acide pshosphatase (PAP) presented by DC have produced encouraging results and PAP-loaded DCs are at late-stage development for PCa patients.
205	19954892	The increased expression and enzymatic activity of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) by aggressive prostate tumors is indicative of a unique, selective advantage on the part of cells expressing them.
206	19954892	Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and survivin are both involved in tumor cell survival and considered universal TAs.
207	20428291	With a growing array of vaccine technologies in preclinical or clinical development, autologous antigen-presenting cell vaccines loaded with the antigen, prostate acid phosphatase, and poxvirus vaccines targeting prostate-specific antigen have recently demonstrated a significant survival benefit in randomized trials of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, whereas others have failed to demonstrate any benefit.
208	20551832	We report that antigen-specific cytolytic T-cell responses were amplified after immunization in 7 of 12 human leukocyte antigen-A2-expressing individuals, and that multiple immunizations seemed necessary to elicit PAP-specific interferon-gamma-secreting immune responses detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay.
209	20551832	Moreover, among individuals who experienced a >/=200% increase in prostate-specific antigen doubling time, long-term PAP-specific interferon-gamma-secreting T-cell responses were detectable in 6 of 8, but in only 1 of 14 individuals without an observed change in prostate-specific antigen doubling time (P=0.001).
210	21090344	[Auto-dendritic cell vaccines pulsed with PSA, PSMA and PAP peptides for hormone-refractory prostate cancer].
211	21115720	Two prime Y. pestis vaccine candidates are the usher-chaperone fimbriae Psa and Caf.
212	21266849	Co-delivery of PSA and PSMA DNA vaccines with electroporation induces potent immune responses.
213	21266849	We therefore developed highly optimized DNA vaccines encoding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a dual antigen approach to immune therapy of PCa.
214	21266849	Both the PSA and PSMA vaccines induced robust antigen-specific IFNγ responses by ELISpot.
215	21266849	Further characterization of cellular immunogenicity by flow cytometry indicated strong antigen-specific TNFα production by CD4+ T cells and IFNγ and IL-2 secretion by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
216	21266849	Co-delivery of PSA and PSMA DNA vaccines with electroporation induces potent immune responses.
217	21266849	We therefore developed highly optimized DNA vaccines encoding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a dual antigen approach to immune therapy of PCa.
218	21266849	Both the PSA and PSMA vaccines induced robust antigen-specific IFNγ responses by ELISpot.
219	21266849	Further characterization of cellular immunogenicity by flow cytometry indicated strong antigen-specific TNFα production by CD4+ T cells and IFNγ and IL-2 secretion by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
220	21266849	Co-delivery of PSA and PSMA DNA vaccines with electroporation induces potent immune responses.
221	21266849	We therefore developed highly optimized DNA vaccines encoding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a dual antigen approach to immune therapy of PCa.
222	21266849	Both the PSA and PSMA vaccines induced robust antigen-specific IFNγ responses by ELISpot.
223	21266849	Further characterization of cellular immunogenicity by flow cytometry indicated strong antigen-specific TNFα production by CD4+ T cells and IFNγ and IL-2 secretion by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
224	21282736	The expression of cell surface prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and the secreted prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were candidates for evaluation.
225	21282736	To test this theory, we evaluated the effects of mono- and bispecific oligos (with intrastrand complementarity), targeting BCL-2, upon the expression of non-targeted proteins PSMA, PSA and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in LNCaP cells.
226	21282736	Levels of mRNA encoding PSMA were significantly elevated following treatment with the bispecific oligos (directed against both BCL-2 and the epidermal growth factor receptor) but not by the monospecific directed solely against BCL-2.
227	21282736	The expression of cell surface prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and the secreted prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were candidates for evaluation.
228	21282736	To test this theory, we evaluated the effects of mono- and bispecific oligos (with intrastrand complementarity), targeting BCL-2, upon the expression of non-targeted proteins PSMA, PSA and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in LNCaP cells.
229	21282736	Levels of mRNA encoding PSMA were significantly elevated following treatment with the bispecific oligos (directed against both BCL-2 and the epidermal growth factor receptor) but not by the monospecific directed solely against BCL-2.
230	21573974	Differentiated prostatic antigen expression in LNCaP cells following treatment with bispecific antisense oligonucleotides directed against BCL-2 and EGFR.
231	21573974	In LNCaP cells, we initially identified bispecifics that increased the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) while not affecting secreted prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
232	21573974	In other systems, when induced, IFN-γ promotes cell surface antigen expression, including HLA and receptors for tumor necrosis factor.
233	21573974	This study initially evaluated the inhibition of in vitro propagating LNCaP cells employing mono- and bispecific oligos directed against bcl-2 (the second bispecific binding site was against the epidermal growth factor receptor).
234	21573974	Employing RT-PCR, the expression of non-targeted proteins encoded by mRNA for PSMA, PSA, PAP, and IFN-γ was subsequently valuated.
235	21573974	Employing RT-PCR, the levels of mRNA encoding PSMA were unexpectedly found to be elevated following treatment with the bispecific oligos but not with a monospecific directed solely against bcl-2.
236	21573974	IFN-γ was significantly induced only by bispecific oligos, and PAP expression was similar to PSA.
237	21573974	Differentiated prostatic antigen expression in LNCaP cells following treatment with bispecific antisense oligonucleotides directed against BCL-2 and EGFR.
238	21573974	In LNCaP cells, we initially identified bispecifics that increased the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) while not affecting secreted prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
239	21573974	In other systems, when induced, IFN-γ promotes cell surface antigen expression, including HLA and receptors for tumor necrosis factor.
240	21573974	This study initially evaluated the inhibition of in vitro propagating LNCaP cells employing mono- and bispecific oligos directed against bcl-2 (the second bispecific binding site was against the epidermal growth factor receptor).
241	21573974	Employing RT-PCR, the expression of non-targeted proteins encoded by mRNA for PSMA, PSA, PAP, and IFN-γ was subsequently valuated.
242	21573974	Employing RT-PCR, the levels of mRNA encoding PSMA were unexpectedly found to be elevated following treatment with the bispecific oligos but not with a monospecific directed solely against bcl-2.
243	21573974	IFN-γ was significantly induced only by bispecific oligos, and PAP expression was similar to PSA.
244	21573974	Differentiated prostatic antigen expression in LNCaP cells following treatment with bispecific antisense oligonucleotides directed against BCL-2 and EGFR.
245	21573974	In LNCaP cells, we initially identified bispecifics that increased the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) while not affecting secreted prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
246	21573974	In other systems, when induced, IFN-γ promotes cell surface antigen expression, including HLA and receptors for tumor necrosis factor.
247	21573974	This study initially evaluated the inhibition of in vitro propagating LNCaP cells employing mono- and bispecific oligos directed against bcl-2 (the second bispecific binding site was against the epidermal growth factor receptor).
248	21573974	Employing RT-PCR, the expression of non-targeted proteins encoded by mRNA for PSMA, PSA, PAP, and IFN-γ was subsequently valuated.
249	21573974	Employing RT-PCR, the levels of mRNA encoding PSMA were unexpectedly found to be elevated following treatment with the bispecific oligos but not with a monospecific directed solely against bcl-2.
250	21573974	IFN-γ was significantly induced only by bispecific oligos, and PAP expression was similar to PSA.
251	21670078	It encodes 2 tumor-associated antigens, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and is derived from the highly attenuated modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus stock known as MVA-BN.
252	21670078	To test whether exosome targeting would improve the immunogenicity of PSA and PAP, 2 additional versions of MVA-BN-PRO were produced, targeting either PSA (MVA-BN-PSA-C1C2) or PAP (MVA-BN-PAP-C1C2) to exosomes, while leaving the second transgene untargeted.
253	21670078	It encodes 2 tumor-associated antigens, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and is derived from the highly attenuated modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus stock known as MVA-BN.
254	21670078	To test whether exosome targeting would improve the immunogenicity of PSA and PAP, 2 additional versions of MVA-BN-PRO were produced, targeting either PSA (MVA-BN-PSA-C1C2) or PAP (MVA-BN-PAP-C1C2) to exosomes, while leaving the second transgene untargeted.
255	21858228	In this study, we have produced and assayed murine polyomavirus (MPyV) VLPs carrying the entire human Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) (PSA-MPyVLPs) for their potential use for immune therapy in a mouse model system.
256	21858228	PSA-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were demonstrated, but no PSA-specific IgG antibodies.
257	21858228	In conclusion, immunization of BALB/c mice with PSA-MPyVLPs, loaded onto DCs and co-injected with CpG, induces an efficient PSA-specific tumor protective immune response, including both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells with a low induction of anti-VLP antibodies.
258	21858228	In this study, we have produced and assayed murine polyomavirus (MPyV) VLPs carrying the entire human Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) (PSA-MPyVLPs) for their potential use for immune therapy in a mouse model system.
259	21858228	PSA-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were demonstrated, but no PSA-specific IgG antibodies.
260	21858228	In conclusion, immunization of BALB/c mice with PSA-MPyVLPs, loaded onto DCs and co-injected with CpG, induces an efficient PSA-specific tumor protective immune response, including both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells with a low induction of anti-VLP antibodies.
261	21858228	In this study, we have produced and assayed murine polyomavirus (MPyV) VLPs carrying the entire human Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) (PSA-MPyVLPs) for their potential use for immune therapy in a mouse model system.
262	21858228	PSA-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were demonstrated, but no PSA-specific IgG antibodies.
263	21858228	In conclusion, immunization of BALB/c mice with PSA-MPyVLPs, loaded onto DCs and co-injected with CpG, induces an efficient PSA-specific tumor protective immune response, including both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells with a low induction of anti-VLP antibodies.
264	22202100	These vaccines targeted prostate-specific/restricted antigens (PSA/PSMA/PSCA), oncoproteins (GRP/MUC family, erbB2/HER-2/neu), whole tumor cell antigens, prostate regulating hormones (GnRH/testosterone), and various cytokines and immune modulators.
265	22576344	In the present study, we tested the utility of mouse CMV (mCMV)-based vaccines expressing human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer immunotherapy in double-transgenic mice expressing PSA and HLA-DRB1*1501 (DR2bxPSA F1 mice).
266	22576344	We assessed the capacity of 2 mCMV-based vectors to induce PSA-specific CD8 T-cell responses and affect the growth of PSA-expressing Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate tumors (TRAMP-PSA).
267	22576344	In the absence of tumor challenge, immunization with mCMV vectors expressing either a H2-D(b)-restricted epitope PSA(65-73) (mCMV/PSA(65-73)) or the full-length gene for PSA (mCMV/PSA(FL)) induced comparable levels of CD8 T-cell responses that increased (inflated) with time.
268	22576344	Upon challenge with TRAMP-PSA tumor cells, animals immunized with mCMV/PSA(65-73) had delay of tumor growth and increased PSA-specific CD8 T-cell responses, whereas animals immunized with mCMV/PSA(FL) showed progressive tumor growth and no increase in number of splenic PSA(65-73)-specific T cells.
269	22576344	The observation that mCMV/PSA(FL) is not effective against TRAMP-PSA is consistent with our previous findings that HLA-DRB1*1501-restricted immune responses to PSA are associated with suppression of effective CD8 T-cell responses to TRAMP-PSA tumors.
270	22576344	In the present study, we tested the utility of mouse CMV (mCMV)-based vaccines expressing human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer immunotherapy in double-transgenic mice expressing PSA and HLA-DRB1*1501 (DR2bxPSA F1 mice).
271	22576344	We assessed the capacity of 2 mCMV-based vectors to induce PSA-specific CD8 T-cell responses and affect the growth of PSA-expressing Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate tumors (TRAMP-PSA).
272	22576344	In the absence of tumor challenge, immunization with mCMV vectors expressing either a H2-D(b)-restricted epitope PSA(65-73) (mCMV/PSA(65-73)) or the full-length gene for PSA (mCMV/PSA(FL)) induced comparable levels of CD8 T-cell responses that increased (inflated) with time.
273	22576344	Upon challenge with TRAMP-PSA tumor cells, animals immunized with mCMV/PSA(65-73) had delay of tumor growth and increased PSA-specific CD8 T-cell responses, whereas animals immunized with mCMV/PSA(FL) showed progressive tumor growth and no increase in number of splenic PSA(65-73)-specific T cells.
274	22576344	The observation that mCMV/PSA(FL) is not effective against TRAMP-PSA is consistent with our previous findings that HLA-DRB1*1501-restricted immune responses to PSA are associated with suppression of effective CD8 T-cell responses to TRAMP-PSA tumors.
275	22576344	In the present study, we tested the utility of mouse CMV (mCMV)-based vaccines expressing human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer immunotherapy in double-transgenic mice expressing PSA and HLA-DRB1*1501 (DR2bxPSA F1 mice).
276	22576344	We assessed the capacity of 2 mCMV-based vectors to induce PSA-specific CD8 T-cell responses and affect the growth of PSA-expressing Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate tumors (TRAMP-PSA).
277	22576344	In the absence of tumor challenge, immunization with mCMV vectors expressing either a H2-D(b)-restricted epitope PSA(65-73) (mCMV/PSA(65-73)) or the full-length gene for PSA (mCMV/PSA(FL)) induced comparable levels of CD8 T-cell responses that increased (inflated) with time.
278	22576344	Upon challenge with TRAMP-PSA tumor cells, animals immunized with mCMV/PSA(65-73) had delay of tumor growth and increased PSA-specific CD8 T-cell responses, whereas animals immunized with mCMV/PSA(FL) showed progressive tumor growth and no increase in number of splenic PSA(65-73)-specific T cells.
279	22576344	The observation that mCMV/PSA(FL) is not effective against TRAMP-PSA is consistent with our previous findings that HLA-DRB1*1501-restricted immune responses to PSA are associated with suppression of effective CD8 T-cell responses to TRAMP-PSA tumors.
280	22576344	In the present study, we tested the utility of mouse CMV (mCMV)-based vaccines expressing human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer immunotherapy in double-transgenic mice expressing PSA and HLA-DRB1*1501 (DR2bxPSA F1 mice).
281	22576344	We assessed the capacity of 2 mCMV-based vectors to induce PSA-specific CD8 T-cell responses and affect the growth of PSA-expressing Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate tumors (TRAMP-PSA).
282	22576344	In the absence of tumor challenge, immunization with mCMV vectors expressing either a H2-D(b)-restricted epitope PSA(65-73) (mCMV/PSA(65-73)) or the full-length gene for PSA (mCMV/PSA(FL)) induced comparable levels of CD8 T-cell responses that increased (inflated) with time.
283	22576344	Upon challenge with TRAMP-PSA tumor cells, animals immunized with mCMV/PSA(65-73) had delay of tumor growth and increased PSA-specific CD8 T-cell responses, whereas animals immunized with mCMV/PSA(FL) showed progressive tumor growth and no increase in number of splenic PSA(65-73)-specific T cells.
284	22576344	The observation that mCMV/PSA(FL) is not effective against TRAMP-PSA is consistent with our previous findings that HLA-DRB1*1501-restricted immune responses to PSA are associated with suppression of effective CD8 T-cell responses to TRAMP-PSA tumors.
285	22576344	In the present study, we tested the utility of mouse CMV (mCMV)-based vaccines expressing human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer immunotherapy in double-transgenic mice expressing PSA and HLA-DRB1*1501 (DR2bxPSA F1 mice).
286	22576344	We assessed the capacity of 2 mCMV-based vectors to induce PSA-specific CD8 T-cell responses and affect the growth of PSA-expressing Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate tumors (TRAMP-PSA).
287	22576344	In the absence of tumor challenge, immunization with mCMV vectors expressing either a H2-D(b)-restricted epitope PSA(65-73) (mCMV/PSA(65-73)) or the full-length gene for PSA (mCMV/PSA(FL)) induced comparable levels of CD8 T-cell responses that increased (inflated) with time.
288	22576344	Upon challenge with TRAMP-PSA tumor cells, animals immunized with mCMV/PSA(65-73) had delay of tumor growth and increased PSA-specific CD8 T-cell responses, whereas animals immunized with mCMV/PSA(FL) showed progressive tumor growth and no increase in number of splenic PSA(65-73)-specific T cells.
289	22576344	The observation that mCMV/PSA(FL) is not effective against TRAMP-PSA is consistent with our previous findings that HLA-DRB1*1501-restricted immune responses to PSA are associated with suppression of effective CD8 T-cell responses to TRAMP-PSA tumors.
290	22918924	PROSTVAC(®)-VF, a poxvirus-based vaccine engineered to present prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and three immune costimulatory molecules, and GVAX, a vaccine consisting of two prostate cancer cell lines (LnCAP and PC3) and genetically modified to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), both showed promising results in phase II studies, although GVAX failed to meet its primary end point of overall survival when compared with docetaxel in a phase III study.
291	23254686	Local radiotherapy increases the level of autoantibodies to ribosomal P0 protein but not to heat shock proteins, extracellular matrix molecules and EGFR/ErbB2 receptors in prostate cancer patients.
292	23254686	In the present study, we determined the occurrence of antibodies to extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, heat shock protein (HSP), ribosomal P0 protein, EGFR, ErbB2 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in 35 prostate cancer patients prior to and following local RT and hormonotherapy.
293	23254686	None of the patient sera showed antibodies to EGFR, while 2 and 1 patients showed reactivity to ErbB2 and PSA, respectively.
294	23254686	Treatment of patients did not change the levels of antibodies against EGFR, ErbB2 and PSA.
295	23254686	Local radiotherapy increases the level of autoantibodies to ribosomal P0 protein but not to heat shock proteins, extracellular matrix molecules and EGFR/ErbB2 receptors in prostate cancer patients.
296	23254686	In the present study, we determined the occurrence of antibodies to extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, heat shock protein (HSP), ribosomal P0 protein, EGFR, ErbB2 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in 35 prostate cancer patients prior to and following local RT and hormonotherapy.
297	23254686	None of the patient sera showed antibodies to EGFR, while 2 and 1 patients showed reactivity to ErbB2 and PSA, respectively.
298	23254686	Treatment of patients did not change the levels of antibodies against EGFR, ErbB2 and PSA.
299	23254686	Local radiotherapy increases the level of autoantibodies to ribosomal P0 protein but not to heat shock proteins, extracellular matrix molecules and EGFR/ErbB2 receptors in prostate cancer patients.
300	23254686	In the present study, we determined the occurrence of antibodies to extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, heat shock protein (HSP), ribosomal P0 protein, EGFR, ErbB2 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in 35 prostate cancer patients prior to and following local RT and hormonotherapy.
301	23254686	None of the patient sera showed antibodies to EGFR, while 2 and 1 patients showed reactivity to ErbB2 and PSA, respectively.
302	23254686	Treatment of patients did not change the levels of antibodies against EGFR, ErbB2 and PSA.
303	23582482	Lower baseline prostate-specific antigen is associated with a greater overall survival benefit from sipuleucel-T in the Immunotherapy for Prostate Adenocarcinoma Treatment (IMPACT) trial.
304	23836412	There was a marked increase in CD4+ (p = 0.0002) and CD8+ (p = 0.0002) tumor infiltrates in post- versus pre-treatment tumor biopsies.
305	23836412	Four of 9 patients evaluated had peripheral immune responses to PSA or NGEP.
306	24474335	Digital IHC was employed prevaccination and postvaccination to measure CD4 and CD8 TILs, as well as Treg TILs by conventional IHC.
307	24474335	Few correlations were observed with CD4, CD8 or Treg in TILs vs.
308	24474335	However, patients with lower levels of CD4 TILs prevaccination showed the greatest increases in CD4 TILs postvaccine, while Treg TILs decreased postvaccine.
309	24474335	There was also a strong correlation between decreases in serum PSA and increases in CD8 TILs postvaccine.
310	24838261	Vaccines, including those that utilize dendritic cells, viruses, or DNA, immunize against prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase.
311	25632844	The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) previously approved the therapeutic vaccine, sipuleucel-T, which is composed of autologous antigen-presenting cells cultured with a fusion protein [prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF)].
312	25632844	Using a super gene expression (SGE) system that we previously established to amplify the production of a recombinant protein, significant amounts of PAP-fused cytokines [human GMCSF, interleukin-2 (IL2), IL4, IL7 and mouse GMCSF and IL4] were obtained.
313	25632844	We also investigated the in vivo therapeutic effects of multiple PAP-fused cytokines in a mouse prostate cancer model bearing prostate-specific antigen (PSA)- and PAP-expressing tumors.
314	25632844	The simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of PAP-GMCSF, -IL2, -IL4 and -IL7 significantly prevented tumor induction and inhibited the tumor growth in the PAP-expressing tumors, yet not in the PSA-expressing tumors.
315	25632844	The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) previously approved the therapeutic vaccine, sipuleucel-T, which is composed of autologous antigen-presenting cells cultured with a fusion protein [prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF)].
316	25632844	Using a super gene expression (SGE) system that we previously established to amplify the production of a recombinant protein, significant amounts of PAP-fused cytokines [human GMCSF, interleukin-2 (IL2), IL4, IL7 and mouse GMCSF and IL4] were obtained.
317	25632844	We also investigated the in vivo therapeutic effects of multiple PAP-fused cytokines in a mouse prostate cancer model bearing prostate-specific antigen (PSA)- and PAP-expressing tumors.
318	25632844	The simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of PAP-GMCSF, -IL2, -IL4 and -IL7 significantly prevented tumor induction and inhibited the tumor growth in the PAP-expressing tumors, yet not in the PSA-expressing tumors.
319	25658616	A phase I clinical trial of CD1c (BDCA-1)+ dendritic cells pulsed with HLA-A*0201 peptides for immunotherapy of metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer.
320	25658616	The vaccine was manufactured by pulsing autologous CD1c BDC, prepared by magnetic bead immunoselection from apheresed peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with a cocktail of HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides (prostate-specific antigen, prostate acid phosphatase, prostate specific membrane antigen, and control influenza peptide) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin.
321	26319744	DR2bxPSA F1 male mice expressing human PSA and HLA-DRB1(*)1501 transgenes were vaccinated with virus-like particle vector encoding PSA (VLPV-PSA) followed by the challenge with Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate cells engineered to express PSA (TRAMP-PSA).
322	26319744	PSA and CD8 reactivity in the tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry.
323	26319744	A substantial proportion of splenic CD8 T cells (19.6 ± 7.4%) produced IFNγ in response to the immunodominant peptide PSA(65-73).
324	26319744	In the blood of vaccinated mice, 18.4 ± 4.1% of CD8 T cells were PSA-specific as determined by the staining with H-2D(b)/PSA(65-73) dextramers.
325	26319744	Tumors in vaccinated mice showed low levels of PSA expression and significant CD8+ T cell infiltration.
326	26319744	DR2bxPSA F1 male mice expressing human PSA and HLA-DRB1(*)1501 transgenes were vaccinated with virus-like particle vector encoding PSA (VLPV-PSA) followed by the challenge with Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate cells engineered to express PSA (TRAMP-PSA).
327	26319744	PSA and CD8 reactivity in the tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry.
328	26319744	A substantial proportion of splenic CD8 T cells (19.6 ± 7.4%) produced IFNγ in response to the immunodominant peptide PSA(65-73).
329	26319744	In the blood of vaccinated mice, 18.4 ± 4.1% of CD8 T cells were PSA-specific as determined by the staining with H-2D(b)/PSA(65-73) dextramers.
330	26319744	Tumors in vaccinated mice showed low levels of PSA expression and significant CD8+ T cell infiltration.
331	26319744	DR2bxPSA F1 male mice expressing human PSA and HLA-DRB1(*)1501 transgenes were vaccinated with virus-like particle vector encoding PSA (VLPV-PSA) followed by the challenge with Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate cells engineered to express PSA (TRAMP-PSA).
332	26319744	PSA and CD8 reactivity in the tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry.
333	26319744	A substantial proportion of splenic CD8 T cells (19.6 ± 7.4%) produced IFNγ in response to the immunodominant peptide PSA(65-73).
334	26319744	In the blood of vaccinated mice, 18.4 ± 4.1% of CD8 T cells were PSA-specific as determined by the staining with H-2D(b)/PSA(65-73) dextramers.
335	26319744	Tumors in vaccinated mice showed low levels of PSA expression and significant CD8+ T cell infiltration.
336	26319744	DR2bxPSA F1 male mice expressing human PSA and HLA-DRB1(*)1501 transgenes were vaccinated with virus-like particle vector encoding PSA (VLPV-PSA) followed by the challenge with Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate cells engineered to express PSA (TRAMP-PSA).
337	26319744	PSA and CD8 reactivity in the tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry.
338	26319744	A substantial proportion of splenic CD8 T cells (19.6 ± 7.4%) produced IFNγ in response to the immunodominant peptide PSA(65-73).
339	26319744	In the blood of vaccinated mice, 18.4 ± 4.1% of CD8 T cells were PSA-specific as determined by the staining with H-2D(b)/PSA(65-73) dextramers.
340	26319744	Tumors in vaccinated mice showed low levels of PSA expression and significant CD8+ T cell infiltration.
341	26319744	DR2bxPSA F1 male mice expressing human PSA and HLA-DRB1(*)1501 transgenes were vaccinated with virus-like particle vector encoding PSA (VLPV-PSA) followed by the challenge with Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate cells engineered to express PSA (TRAMP-PSA).
342	26319744	PSA and CD8 reactivity in the tumors was detected by immunohistochemistry.
343	26319744	A substantial proportion of splenic CD8 T cells (19.6 ± 7.4%) produced IFNγ in response to the immunodominant peptide PSA(65-73).
344	26319744	In the blood of vaccinated mice, 18.4 ± 4.1% of CD8 T cells were PSA-specific as determined by the staining with H-2D(b)/PSA(65-73) dextramers.
345	26319744	Tumors in vaccinated mice showed low levels of PSA expression and significant CD8+ T cell infiltration.