Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: KRAS

Gene name: v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

HGNC ID: 6407

Synonyms: KRAS1

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	A1CF	1 hits
2	ALK	1 hits
3	CAT	1 hits
4	CCK	1 hits
5	CD4	1 hits
6	CD40	1 hits
7	CD8A	1 hits
8	CDKN1A	1 hits
9	CLIP1	1 hits
10	CSF2	1 hits
11	EGFR	1 hits
12	ERVWE1	1 hits
13	HLA-A	1 hits
14	HLA-B	1 hits
15	HLA-DOA	1 hits
16	HRAS	1 hits
17	IFNG	1 hits
18	IL10	1 hits
19	IL12A	1 hits
20	IL2	1 hits
21	IL4	1 hits
22	IVNS1ABP	1 hits
23	L1CAM	1 hits
24	LY75	1 hits
25	MST1R	1 hits
26	NRBP1	1 hits
27	PIK3CA	1 hits
28	PLAT	1 hits
29	PPRC1	1 hits
30	PTPN11	1 hits
31	RAF1	1 hits
32	RNASE3	1 hits
33	RNU105B	1 hits
34	RPS27A	1 hits
35	RTN1	1 hits
36	SENP8	1 hits
37	SMAD4	1 hits
38	SOS1	1 hits
39	TCF4	1 hits
40	TH1L	1 hits
41	TNF	1 hits
42	TNFRSF1A	1 hits
43	TP53	1 hits
44	VEGFA	1 hits
45	VIPR1	1 hits
46	WDR48	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	1312269	Comparisons of the sequences of the flavivirus polymerase and helicase-like proteins (NS5 and NS3, respectively) with those from other viruses yielded a classification of the flaviviruses indicating that the primary division of the flaviviruses was between those transmitted by mosquitoes and those transmitted by ticks.
2	2144016	The region of the 17D yellow fever virus (YFV) genome encoding the C terminus of envelope glycoprotein and extending to the N terminus of non-structural protein NS3 (NS1-NS2a-NS2b; nucleotides 2030 to 4940) was expressed in vaccinia virus and physical and immunogenic properties of the NS1 moiety were studied.
3	3470774	The capsid protein is unchanged, while proteins NS1, NS3, and NS5 contain 0.5% amino acid substitutions, and proteins ns4a and ns4b average 0.8% substitutions.
4	3470774	The large number of changes in ns2a and ns2b, which are largely conservative in nature, may result from lowered selective pressure against alteration in this region; among flaviviruses, these polypeptides are much less highly conserved than NS1, NS3, and NS5.
5	3470774	The capsid protein is unchanged, while proteins NS1, NS3, and NS5 contain 0.5% amino acid substitutions, and proteins ns4a and ns4b average 0.8% substitutions.
6	3470774	The large number of changes in ns2a and ns2b, which are largely conservative in nature, may result from lowered selective pressure against alteration in this region; among flaviviruses, these polypeptides are much less highly conserved than NS1, NS3, and NS5.
7	7678307	CTL from H-2d mice recognized at least three epitopes: a serotype-specific epitope on one of the structural proteins, a serotype-cross-reactive epitope on NS3, and a serotype-cross-reactive epitope on NS1 or NS2a.
8	8523531	To identify human CTL epitopes in the NS3 region of hepatitis C virus (HCV), we modified an approach using recombinant protein and the ability of short peptides to bind to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
9	8627790	The nonstructural protein, NS3, was immuno-dominant in the CD4+ T-cell response of this donor.
10	8627790	JK15 and JK13 recognized only DEN3 NS3, while JK44 recognized DEN1, DEN2, and DEN3 NS3 and JK5 recognized DEN1, DEN3, and West Nile virus NS3.
11	8627790	The nonstructural protein, NS3, was immuno-dominant in the CD4+ T-cell response of this donor.
12	8627790	JK15 and JK13 recognized only DEN3 NS3, while JK44 recognized DEN1, DEN2, and DEN3 NS3 and JK5 recognized DEN1, DEN3, and West Nile virus NS3.
13	8833919	Dominant recognition by human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes of dengue virus nonstructural proteins NS3 and NS1.2a.
14	8833919	The nonstructural (NS3 and NS1.2a) and envelope (E) proteins were recognized by CD8+CTLs from six, five, and three donors, respectively.
15	8833919	Dominant recognition by human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes of dengue virus nonstructural proteins NS3 and NS1.2a.
16	8833919	The nonstructural (NS3 and NS1.2a) and envelope (E) proteins were recognized by CD8+CTLs from six, five, and three donors, respectively.
17	8918741	The genome of 9400 nucleotides comprises two non-coding regions in 5' and 3' flanking a large reading frame which codes for a polyprotein of 3000 amino acids; this polyprotein is further cleaved into structural (C, E1, E2) and non-structural (NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4, NS5) proteins.
18	9003637	The earliest serological markers corresponded mainly to VP5, VP6, and NS2 and to a lesser extent to VP3, NS1, and NS3.
19	9223492	In this study, we identify an immunodominant CD4+ T-cell epitope (amino acids 1248 to 1261) that was recognized by the majority (14 of 23) of NS3-specific CD4+ T-cell clones from four of five patients with acute hepatitis C infection.
20	9223492	Our data suggest that the NS3-specific CD4+ T-cell response in acute hepatitis C infection is dominated by a single, promiscuous peptide epitope which could become a promising candidate for the development of a CD4+ T-cell vaccine.
21	9223492	In this study, we identify an immunodominant CD4+ T-cell epitope (amino acids 1248 to 1261) that was recognized by the majority (14 of 23) of NS3-specific CD4+ T-cell clones from four of five patients with acute hepatitis C infection.
22	9223492	Our data suggest that the NS3-specific CD4+ T-cell response in acute hepatitis C infection is dominated by a single, promiscuous peptide epitope which could become a promising candidate for the development of a CD4+ T-cell vaccine.
23	9268170	We examined nine dengue virus-specific human CD4+ CD8- cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones for protein recognition, using recombinant vaccinia viruses which contain genes coding for dengue virus proteins.
24	9268170	These results indicate that NS1 and NS2a proteins as well as C, E, and NS3 proteins reported earlier contain one or more epitopes recognized by dengue virus-specific human CD4+ T lymphocytes.
25	9276872	Pancreatic cancer is extremely resistant to various cancer therapies, however, variety of new therapies for pancreatic cancer have been investigated: (1) immunotherapy including cytokines like TNF, adoptive immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer cells or cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and tumor vaccines using mutated Ki-ras oncoprotein or irradiated tumor cells which were transfected by cytokine genes; (2) gene therapy including transfer of cytokine genes or antisense Ki-ras oncogene, and a combination of gene transfer of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and subsequent administration of ganciclovir; (3) differentiation therapy including a quinolinone derivative, vesnarinone; (4) endocrine therapy including cholecystokinin-receptor antagonist, CR1505 or L364,718; (5) heavy water, and etc.
26	9454689	Definition of an epitope on NS3 recognized by human CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones cross-reactive for dengue virus types 2, 3, and 4.
27	9454689	In the present paper, we have defined a dengue serotype-cross-reactive epitope recognized by two CD4+ CD8- cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones, JK36 and JK46.
28	9557687	Numerous CD4+ and CD8+ CTL lines were generated from the bulk cultures of two patients, KPP94-037 and KPP94-024, which were specific for NS1.2a (NS1 and NS2a collectively) and NS3 proteins, respectively.
29	9557687	A majority of the CD8+ CTLs isolated from patient KPP94-024 were found to recognize amino acids 221 to 232 on NS3.
30	9557687	Numerous CD4+ and CD8+ CTL lines were generated from the bulk cultures of two patients, KPP94-037 and KPP94-024, which were specific for NS1.2a (NS1 and NS2a collectively) and NS3 proteins, respectively.
31	9557687	A majority of the CD8+ CTLs isolated from patient KPP94-024 were found to recognize amino acids 221 to 232 on NS3.
32	9765411	The respective analyses showed that the S27a-derived polypeptide, together with the truncated ubiquitin, served as processing signal to yield NS3, whereas the truncated ubiquitin alone was not capable of mediating the cleavage.
33	9794426	We used the DNA-based immunization approach in BALB/c mice to determine whether the HCV nonstructural proteins NS3, NS4, and NS5 will induce Ab responses, CD4+ Th cell proliferation, and cytokine release in response to stimulation by recombinant proteins as well as generate CD8+ CTL activity both in vitro and in vivo.
34	9794426	Indeed, a tumor model was established following inoculation of syngenic SP2/0 cells stably transfected with NS5.
35	9847344	Analysis of murine CD8(+) T-cell clones specific for the Dengue virus NS3 protein: flavivirus cross-reactivity and influence of infecting serotype.
36	9847344	In short-term T-cell lines and clones, the predominant CD8(+) CTL to this epitope in mice immunized with dengue type 2 virus or vaccinia virus expressing the dengue type 4 virus NS3 protein were cross-reactive with dengue type 2 or type 4 virus, while broadly serotype-cross-reactive CTL were a minority population.
37	9847344	Analysis of murine CD8(+) T-cell clones specific for the Dengue virus NS3 protein: flavivirus cross-reactivity and influence of infecting serotype.
38	9847344	In short-term T-cell lines and clones, the predominant CD8(+) CTL to this epitope in mice immunized with dengue type 2 virus or vaccinia virus expressing the dengue type 4 virus NS3 protein were cross-reactive with dengue type 2 or type 4 virus, while broadly serotype-cross-reactive CTL were a minority population.
39	10030053	The Envelope and the Membrane structural proteins, as well as the non structural NS1 and NS3, had been considered of major interest in the develop of the vaccine.
40	10069962	Replicon vector C20DX2Arep, containing a unique cloning site followed by the sequence of 2A autoprotease of foot-and-mouth disease virus, was constructed and used for expression of a number of heterologous genes including chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), green fluorescent protein (GFP), beta-galactosidase, glycoprotein G of vesicular stomatitis virus, and the Core and NS3 genes of hepatitis C virus.
41	10195625	Enhanced cellular immunity to hepatitis C virus nonstructural proteins by codelivery of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor gene in intramuscular DNA immunization.
42	10195625	In this report, we have constructed a plasmid, pTV-NS345, that encodes the HCV NS3, NS4 and NS5 proteins (NS345) and a bicistronic plasmid, PTV-NS345/GMCSF, in which the HCV NS345 polyprotein and GMCSF are translated independently.
43	10321955	Interestingly, though gamma-interferon (gammaIfn) and IL-10 were both secreted in response to stimulation by NS3 antigen, IL-2 was not.
44	10321955	Lack of IL-2 induction was confirmed by a failure to amplify IL-2 mRNA upon NS3 antigen stimulation, whereas IL-4, IL-15, and gammaIfn mRNA were seen as early as 24 h.
45	10321955	The predominance of IL-4 and IL-10 and the lack of IL-2 suggests that in vitro responses to at least some HCV antigens are biased towards a Th2 phenotype, which may be conducive to viral persistence.
46	10453018	DV-specific CD8+ CTL from this donor recognized two HLA-B62-restricted epitopes on the NS3 protein, aa 71-79 (SVKKDLISY) and 235-243 (AMKGLPIRY).
47	10465327	Semiliki forest virus vector carrying the bovine viral diarrhea virus NS3 (p80) cDNA induced immune responses in mice and expressed BVDV protein in mammalian cells.
48	10465327	A genetic region is encoding the p80 (NS3) of BVDV as the most conserved protein among Pestiviruses.
49	10465327	Semiliki forest virus vector carrying the bovine viral diarrhea virus NS3 (p80) cDNA induced immune responses in mice and expressed BVDV protein in mammalian cells.
50	10465327	A genetic region is encoding the p80 (NS3) of BVDV as the most conserved protein among Pestiviruses.
51	10498664	Overlapping 20-mer peptides covering the entire core and NS4 antigens and a panel of peptides representing highly conserved regions of core, NS3, NS4, and NS5 were used.
52	10498664	By direct peripheral blood T-cell stimulation and by fine-specificity analysis of HCV-specific T-cell lines and clones, highly immunogenic T-cell epitopes were identified within core, NS3, and NS4.
53	10559329	Several inbred and outbred mouse strains immunized with a plasmid (pE) encoding the JEV envelope protein elicited a high level of protection against a lethal JEV challenge similar to that achieved by the inactivated vaccine, whereas all the other genes tested, including those encoding the capsid protein and the nonstructural proteins NS1-2A, NS3, and NS5, were ineffective.
54	10608749	Additionally, CTLs derived from mice immunized with either NS3 or NS5 specifically lysed target cells sensitized to either the genotype 1a or 1b gene products.
55	10614142	HCV Core, NS3 and NS4 proteins are the most immunogenic antigens for B cells and HLA class II-restricted CD4+ T cells.
56	10614142	For its part, liver-infiltrating CD8+ CTL recognize epitopes within the Core, E1, E2/NS1 and NS2 proteins in a HLA class I restricted manner.
57	10614142	CTL responses to HCV Core, NS3, NS4 and NS5 have been detected in peripheral blood of patients chronically infected with HCV.
58	10614142	HCV Core, NS3 and NS4 proteins are the most immunogenic antigens for B cells and HLA class II-restricted CD4+ T cells.
59	10614142	For its part, liver-infiltrating CD8+ CTL recognize epitopes within the Core, E1, E2/NS1 and NS2 proteins in a HLA class I restricted manner.
60	10614142	CTL responses to HCV Core, NS3, NS4 and NS5 have been detected in peripheral blood of patients chronically infected with HCV.
61	10708415	The temperature sensitivity of PDK-53 virus was attributed to the NS1-53-Asp and NS3-250-Val mutations.
62	10882577	As an immunizing strategy, we studied immune responses of BALB/c (H-2d) and C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) to HCV genes delivered intramuscularly as a polycistronic construct capsid/E1/E2/NS2/NS3 (pRC/C-NS3) encoding 5 structural and nonstructural proteins.
63	10882577	Immunodominant CD8(+) T cell responses to several HCV structural and nonstructural proteins, characterized by cytotoxicity and interferon (IFN)-gamma production or IFN-gamma production without significant cytotoxicity, were observed in both strains of mice.
64	11023195	SP-LCL, which have an advantage over B95-8-transfected LCL in that they carry no risk of introducing a new infectious agent when used for vaccination, served as a permanent source for transfection with an episomal Epstein-Barr virus-based expression vector encoding the Ki-ras p21 oncogene carrying a point mutation at codon 12 (muRas) as a model tumor Ag.
65	11205175	The ORF encodes for a single polyprotein, which is stepwise cleaved into the 3 structural proteins, core (C), envelope 1 and 2 (E1,2) as well as into 7 non-structural proteins (p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, NS5B).
66	11369873	Humoral and CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell responses to the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3 (NS3) protein: NS3 primes Th1-like responses more effectively as a DNA-based immunogen than as a recombinant protein.
67	11369873	The non-structural 3 (NS3) protein is one of the most conserved proteins of hepatitis C virus, and T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses to NS3 in humans correlate with clearance of infection.
68	11369873	Inbred mice were immunized twice in regenerating tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with either plasmid DNA or recombinant NS3 (rNS3).
69	11369873	NS3-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in DNA-immunized mice peaked at day 13, as measured by proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production.
70	11369873	CD4(+) T cell responses in these mice showed peaks of IL-2 response at day 3 and IL-6 and IFN-gamma responses at day 6.
71	11369873	However, as a DNA immunogen, NS3 elicits stronger Th1-like immune responses, whereas rNS3 primes a mixed Th1/Th2-like response regardless of the route, dose or adjuvant.
72	11369873	Humoral and CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell responses to the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3 (NS3) protein: NS3 primes Th1-like responses more effectively as a DNA-based immunogen than as a recombinant protein.
73	11369873	The non-structural 3 (NS3) protein is one of the most conserved proteins of hepatitis C virus, and T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses to NS3 in humans correlate with clearance of infection.
74	11369873	Inbred mice were immunized twice in regenerating tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with either plasmid DNA or recombinant NS3 (rNS3).
75	11369873	NS3-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in DNA-immunized mice peaked at day 13, as measured by proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production.
76	11369873	CD4(+) T cell responses in these mice showed peaks of IL-2 response at day 3 and IL-6 and IFN-gamma responses at day 6.
77	11369873	However, as a DNA immunogen, NS3 elicits stronger Th1-like immune responses, whereas rNS3 primes a mixed Th1/Th2-like response regardless of the route, dose or adjuvant.
78	11369873	Humoral and CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell responses to the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3 (NS3) protein: NS3 primes Th1-like responses more effectively as a DNA-based immunogen than as a recombinant protein.
79	11369873	The non-structural 3 (NS3) protein is one of the most conserved proteins of hepatitis C virus, and T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses to NS3 in humans correlate with clearance of infection.
80	11369873	Inbred mice were immunized twice in regenerating tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with either plasmid DNA or recombinant NS3 (rNS3).
81	11369873	NS3-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in DNA-immunized mice peaked at day 13, as measured by proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production.
82	11369873	CD4(+) T cell responses in these mice showed peaks of IL-2 response at day 3 and IL-6 and IFN-gamma responses at day 6.
83	11369873	However, as a DNA immunogen, NS3 elicits stronger Th1-like immune responses, whereas rNS3 primes a mixed Th1/Th2-like response regardless of the route, dose or adjuvant.
84	11369873	Humoral and CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell responses to the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3 (NS3) protein: NS3 primes Th1-like responses more effectively as a DNA-based immunogen than as a recombinant protein.
85	11369873	The non-structural 3 (NS3) protein is one of the most conserved proteins of hepatitis C virus, and T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses to NS3 in humans correlate with clearance of infection.
86	11369873	Inbred mice were immunized twice in regenerating tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with either plasmid DNA or recombinant NS3 (rNS3).
87	11369873	NS3-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in DNA-immunized mice peaked at day 13, as measured by proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production.
88	11369873	CD4(+) T cell responses in these mice showed peaks of IL-2 response at day 3 and IL-6 and IFN-gamma responses at day 6.
89	11369873	However, as a DNA immunogen, NS3 elicits stronger Th1-like immune responses, whereas rNS3 primes a mixed Th1/Th2-like response regardless of the route, dose or adjuvant.
90	11369873	Humoral and CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell responses to the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3 (NS3) protein: NS3 primes Th1-like responses more effectively as a DNA-based immunogen than as a recombinant protein.
91	11369873	The non-structural 3 (NS3) protein is one of the most conserved proteins of hepatitis C virus, and T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses to NS3 in humans correlate with clearance of infection.
92	11369873	Inbred mice were immunized twice in regenerating tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with either plasmid DNA or recombinant NS3 (rNS3).
93	11369873	NS3-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in DNA-immunized mice peaked at day 13, as measured by proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production.
94	11369873	CD4(+) T cell responses in these mice showed peaks of IL-2 response at day 3 and IL-6 and IFN-gamma responses at day 6.
95	11369873	However, as a DNA immunogen, NS3 elicits stronger Th1-like immune responses, whereas rNS3 primes a mixed Th1/Th2-like response regardless of the route, dose or adjuvant.
96	11853408	Human cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to live attenuated 17D yellow fever vaccine: identification of HLA-B35-restricted CTL epitopes on nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2b, NS3, and the structural protein E.
97	11853408	We isolated 13 YFV-specific CD8(+) CTL lines that recognized epitopes on the E, NS1, NS2b, and NS3 proteins; eight CTL lines were HLA-B35-restricted.
98	11853408	Human cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to live attenuated 17D yellow fever vaccine: identification of HLA-B35-restricted CTL epitopes on nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2b, NS3, and the structural protein E.
99	11853408	We isolated 13 YFV-specific CD8(+) CTL lines that recognized epitopes on the E, NS1, NS2b, and NS3 proteins; eight CTL lines were HLA-B35-restricted.
100	12017282	These data indicate that KRAS mutations play a minor role in colonic tumorigenesis and that ACF with KRAS mutations could hardly be the precursors of the AOM-induced tumours in rats.
101	12023403	T cell responses to an HLA-B*07-restricted epitope on the dengue NS3 protein correlate with disease severity.
102	12023403	To determine the Ag specificity of this immune response, we studied the response to an HLA-B07-restricted T cell epitope, residues 221-232 of the DV NS3 protein, in 10 HLA-B07(+) Thai children who were studied during and after acute DV infections.
103	12023403	These data suggest that the NS3 (221-232) epitope is an important target of CD8(+) T cells in secondary DV infection and that the activation and expansion of DV-specific T cells is greater in subjects with DHF than in those with dengue fever.
104	12023403	T cell responses to an HLA-B*07-restricted epitope on the dengue NS3 protein correlate with disease severity.
105	12023403	To determine the Ag specificity of this immune response, we studied the response to an HLA-B07-restricted T cell epitope, residues 221-232 of the DV NS3 protein, in 10 HLA-B07(+) Thai children who were studied during and after acute DV infections.
106	12023403	These data suggest that the NS3 (221-232) epitope is an important target of CD8(+) T cells in secondary DV infection and that the activation and expansion of DV-specific T cells is greater in subjects with DHF than in those with dengue fever.
107	12023403	T cell responses to an HLA-B*07-restricted epitope on the dengue NS3 protein correlate with disease severity.
108	12023403	To determine the Ag specificity of this immune response, we studied the response to an HLA-B07-restricted T cell epitope, residues 221-232 of the DV NS3 protein, in 10 HLA-B07(+) Thai children who were studied during and after acute DV infections.
109	12023403	These data suggest that the NS3 (221-232) epitope is an important target of CD8(+) T cells in secondary DV infection and that the activation and expansion of DV-specific T cells is greater in subjects with DHF than in those with dengue fever.
110	12036323	First, we have identified two CD8 T cell epitopes and one CD4 T cell epitope.
111	12036323	An H-2Kb-restricted dominant epitope was mapped in the NS3 protein, whereas the viral envelope protein harbored an H-2Db-restricted subdominant epitope and the I-Ab-restricted CD4 T cell epitope.
112	12202213	Mutations in NS1, NS3, and the 3'-UTR were found to confer a greater than 100-fold, 10,000-fold, and 1000-fold reduction in replication of rDEN4 virus in SCID mice transplanted with HuH-7 cells, respectively, which serves as a novel small animal model for DEN4 infection.
113	12438584	The 37 defined epitopes were predominantly distributed among the HCV proteins core, NS3, NS4, and NS5.
114	12555546	Due to the hypervariable character of hepatitis C virus (HCV), 5 conserved T and/or B cell epitopes from core, envelope, NS3 and NS5 protein of HCV were chosen to form a 270 bp multi-epitopes antigen gene.
115	12601356	Novel CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell determinants within the NS3 protein in subjects with spontaneously resolved HCV infection.
116	12601356	The aim of this study was to directly and comprehensively enumerate HCV-nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells ex vivo from HLA diverse individuals who had been successful in spontaneously resolving HCV infection.
117	12601356	We measured interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production with an ELISPOT assay using magnetic bead-separated CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells in response to autologous DCs that had been pulsed with 15mer per peptides overlapping by 11 amino acids and spanning all of the NS3 protein (150 total peptides).
118	12601356	All subjects with spontaneously recovered HCV infection demonstrated vigorous and multispecific CD4(+) T-cell responses to NS3 peptides, and 6 of 10 subjects demonstrated CD8(+) T-cell responses.
119	12601356	In conclusion, subjects who have spontaneously eradicated HCV infection up to 35 years earlier demonstrate persistent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses specific to NS3.
120	12601356	Novel CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell determinants within the NS3 protein in subjects with spontaneously resolved HCV infection.
121	12601356	The aim of this study was to directly and comprehensively enumerate HCV-nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells ex vivo from HLA diverse individuals who had been successful in spontaneously resolving HCV infection.
122	12601356	We measured interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production with an ELISPOT assay using magnetic bead-separated CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells in response to autologous DCs that had been pulsed with 15mer per peptides overlapping by 11 amino acids and spanning all of the NS3 protein (150 total peptides).
123	12601356	All subjects with spontaneously recovered HCV infection demonstrated vigorous and multispecific CD4(+) T-cell responses to NS3 peptides, and 6 of 10 subjects demonstrated CD8(+) T-cell responses.
124	12601356	In conclusion, subjects who have spontaneously eradicated HCV infection up to 35 years earlier demonstrate persistent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses specific to NS3.
125	12601356	Novel CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell determinants within the NS3 protein in subjects with spontaneously resolved HCV infection.
126	12601356	The aim of this study was to directly and comprehensively enumerate HCV-nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells ex vivo from HLA diverse individuals who had been successful in spontaneously resolving HCV infection.
127	12601356	We measured interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production with an ELISPOT assay using magnetic bead-separated CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells in response to autologous DCs that had been pulsed with 15mer per peptides overlapping by 11 amino acids and spanning all of the NS3 protein (150 total peptides).
128	12601356	All subjects with spontaneously recovered HCV infection demonstrated vigorous and multispecific CD4(+) T-cell responses to NS3 peptides, and 6 of 10 subjects demonstrated CD8(+) T-cell responses.
129	12601356	In conclusion, subjects who have spontaneously eradicated HCV infection up to 35 years earlier demonstrate persistent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses specific to NS3.
130	12601356	Novel CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell determinants within the NS3 protein in subjects with spontaneously resolved HCV infection.
131	12601356	The aim of this study was to directly and comprehensively enumerate HCV-nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells ex vivo from HLA diverse individuals who had been successful in spontaneously resolving HCV infection.
132	12601356	We measured interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production with an ELISPOT assay using magnetic bead-separated CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells in response to autologous DCs that had been pulsed with 15mer per peptides overlapping by 11 amino acids and spanning all of the NS3 protein (150 total peptides).
133	12601356	All subjects with spontaneously recovered HCV infection demonstrated vigorous and multispecific CD4(+) T-cell responses to NS3 peptides, and 6 of 10 subjects demonstrated CD8(+) T-cell responses.
134	12601356	In conclusion, subjects who have spontaneously eradicated HCV infection up to 35 years earlier demonstrate persistent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses specific to NS3.
135	12601356	Novel CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell determinants within the NS3 protein in subjects with spontaneously resolved HCV infection.
136	12601356	The aim of this study was to directly and comprehensively enumerate HCV-nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells ex vivo from HLA diverse individuals who had been successful in spontaneously resolving HCV infection.
137	12601356	We measured interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production with an ELISPOT assay using magnetic bead-separated CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells in response to autologous DCs that had been pulsed with 15mer per peptides overlapping by 11 amino acids and spanning all of the NS3 protein (150 total peptides).
138	12601356	All subjects with spontaneously recovered HCV infection demonstrated vigorous and multispecific CD4(+) T-cell responses to NS3 peptides, and 6 of 10 subjects demonstrated CD8(+) T-cell responses.
139	12601356	In conclusion, subjects who have spontaneously eradicated HCV infection up to 35 years earlier demonstrate persistent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses specific to NS3.
140	12721805	Temperature sensitive mutations in the genes encoding the NS1, NS2A, NS3, and NS5 nonstructural proteins of dengue virus type 4 restrict replication in the brains of mice.
141	12922097	Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced by plasmids encoding capsid (C) or nonstructural proteins, NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3 or NS5.
142	12958248	Here, we describe microsphere immunoassays that detect antibodies to nonstructural proteins 3 and 5 (NS3 and NS5).
143	14696328	These results yeilded a consensus composition of NS1, NS2A, NS3, NS4A, and NS5 strongly associated with the dsRNA template.
144	14696328	Assembly of the RC during translation in cis and the relationships, particularly those of NS1 and NS5 among the components, were deduced from an extensive set of complementation experiments in trans involving mutations/deletions in all the nonstructural proteins and use of KUN or alphahavirus replicons as helpers.
145	15027699	They are defined the genotype concepts, subtype and quasispecies, and their implications in different such aspects as: 1) pathogenicity (in the severity of the infectious process, in the extrahepatic manifestations and in the appearance of the hepatocarcinoma); 2) in the biggest or smaller sensibility in the diagnostic techniques; 3) in the resistance to the treatment with interferon (well through the road NS3 or NS5, so much through the changes in PKR or the mutations in ISDR), and 4) in the epidemiology (changes of geographical variability, use of that variability like epidemic marker and obtaining difficulty of vaccines).
146	15187120	The NS3-DC-peptide fusion protein was efficiently presented to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells derived from hepatitis C virus-positive blood cells, inducing their activation and proliferation.
147	15187120	In chimeric NOD-SCID mice transplanted with human cells, DC-targeted NS3 primed naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells for potent NS3-specific proliferation and cytokine secretion.
148	15246602	A single injection of this non-replicating vector into BALB/c mice resulted in a strong induction of NS3-specific, IFN-gamma secreting T-lymphocytes as measured by direct ex vivo ELISpot assay.
149	15368525	Interferon-gamma (IFN gamma)-producing CD8+ T cells have been shown to play a key role in the control or eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections.
150	15368525	This peptide was capable to recall in vitro HCV-specific IFN gamma and IL-10-producing T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of chronically infected patients.
151	15368525	These data increase the pool of NS3-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes available to analyze HCV associated immunity and could contribute to the design and evaluation of candidate vaccines.
152	15890119	Eleven strains isolated from hospitalized patients from 1994 to 1999 in Saudi Arabia were sequenced in the envelope, NS3, and NS5 genes.
153	16148104	Of 22 subjects who spontaneously controlled HCV viremia, all recognized at least one of a group of six epitopes situated within the nonstructural (NS) proteins NS3, NS4, and NS5, each of which was detected by >30% of subjects, but most subjects recognized additional, more heterogeneous specificities.
154	16160170	Minimal T-cell-stimulatory sequences and spectrum of HLA restriction of immunodominant CD4+ T-cell epitopes within hepatitis C virus NS3 and NS4 proteins.
155	16317673	There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between peak viral loads and envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2)-specific antibody responses at the time of challenge.
156	16317673	Interestingly, one vaccinee that had sterilizing immunity against slightly heterologous virus generated the highest level of E2-specific total and neutralizing antibody responses as well as strong NS3/NS5-specific T-cell proliferative responses.
157	16336932	NS3 was effective at inducing in vitro responses, quantified by lymphoproliferation, IFN-gamma ELISPOT, flow cytometric detection of activated T cell subsets, and cytotoxic T cell assays.
158	16336932	In addition to the IFN-gamma responses, induction of both CD4+ T helper cell and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL) were discernible--activation of the latter was confirmed in a virus-specific cytolytic assay.
159	16361412	NS3 protein was efficiently transduced into DCs and treatment of DCs with CpG ODN induced phenotypic maturation and specifically increased the expression of CD40.
160	16369867	Target HCV NS3 CD4+ Th1 epitope to major histocompatibility complex class II pathway.
161	16369867	A hepatitis C virus (HCV) plasmid vaccine was constructed, based on class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) substitution which endogenously targets HCV non-structure protein 3 (NS3) CD4+ T helper 1(Th1) epitope (1248AA-1261AA) to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen.
162	16369867	Target HCV NS3 CD4+ Th1 epitope to major histocompatibility complex class II pathway.
163	16369867	A hepatitis C virus (HCV) plasmid vaccine was constructed, based on class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) substitution which endogenously targets HCV non-structure protein 3 (NS3) CD4+ T helper 1(Th1) epitope (1248AA-1261AA) to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen.
164	16415020	The E5-104 mutant possessed five amino acid substitutions in the structural protein E and one change in each of the nonstructural proteins NS3 and NS5.
165	16481078	To develop a vaccine against hepatitis C virus, we synthesized four long peptides from nonstructural proteins NS3, NS4 and NS5B containing HLA-class I and class II epitopes mainly inducing responses in natural infection.
166	16481078	HLA-A2.1/HLA-DR1 transgenic mice immunized with one peptide, containing a class II epitope implicated in viral resolution, developed IFNgamma-producing CD4+-T and CD8+-T cells.
167	16817764	The aim of this study was to explore the vaccine potential of DC transduced with adenoviral vectors encoding the HCV nonstructural protein 3 (AdNS3) compared to DC pulsed with recombinant NS3 (rNS3).
168	16817764	In both strains of mice inoculated with DC transduced with an adenovirus, the generated NS3 specific antibody response and IFN-gamma-secreting T cell response were stronger than that generated by rNS3-pulsed DC.
169	16817764	DC transduced with AdNS3 are superior to DC pulsed with rNS3 in inducing vigorous humoral and Th1-type cellular responses against NS3.
170	16817764	The aim of this study was to explore the vaccine potential of DC transduced with adenoviral vectors encoding the HCV nonstructural protein 3 (AdNS3) compared to DC pulsed with recombinant NS3 (rNS3).
171	16817764	In both strains of mice inoculated with DC transduced with an adenovirus, the generated NS3 specific antibody response and IFN-gamma-secreting T cell response were stronger than that generated by rNS3-pulsed DC.
172	16817764	DC transduced with AdNS3 are superior to DC pulsed with rNS3 in inducing vigorous humoral and Th1-type cellular responses against NS3.
173	16817764	The aim of this study was to explore the vaccine potential of DC transduced with adenoviral vectors encoding the HCV nonstructural protein 3 (AdNS3) compared to DC pulsed with recombinant NS3 (rNS3).
174	16817764	In both strains of mice inoculated with DC transduced with an adenovirus, the generated NS3 specific antibody response and IFN-gamma-secreting T cell response were stronger than that generated by rNS3-pulsed DC.
175	16817764	DC transduced with AdNS3 are superior to DC pulsed with rNS3 in inducing vigorous humoral and Th1-type cellular responses against NS3.
176	16847121	The addition of adjuvants or a delivery system to the HCV polyprotein enhanced serum antibody and T-cell proliferative responses, as well as IFN-gamma responses, by CD4+ T cells.
177	16847121	The antibody responses were mainly against the NS3 and NS5 components of the polyprotein and relatively poor responses were elicited against NS4 and the core components.
178	16859951	Broad immune responses, in particular specific for the NS3 protein and mediated by both CD8+ and CD4+T lymphocytes, are thought to play a critical role in the control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
179	16859951	In this study, we searched for novel HLA-B0702 NS3 restricted epitopes following an optimized NS3NS4 immunization protocol in transgenic mice expressing HLA-B0702 molecule.
180	16859951	The relevance of these epitopes to humans was demonstrated, as both were able in vitro to recall specific IFN-gamma and IL10-producing cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HCV infected patients.
181	16859951	Such epitopes enlarge the pool of NS3-specific CD8+T cell epitopes available to perform immunomonitoring of HCV infection and to develop vaccines.
182	16859951	Broad immune responses, in particular specific for the NS3 protein and mediated by both CD8+ and CD4+T lymphocytes, are thought to play a critical role in the control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
183	16859951	In this study, we searched for novel HLA-B0702 NS3 restricted epitopes following an optimized NS3NS4 immunization protocol in transgenic mice expressing HLA-B0702 molecule.
184	16859951	The relevance of these epitopes to humans was demonstrated, as both were able in vitro to recall specific IFN-gamma and IL10-producing cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HCV infected patients.
185	16859951	Such epitopes enlarge the pool of NS3-specific CD8+T cell epitopes available to perform immunomonitoring of HCV infection and to develop vaccines.
186	16859951	Broad immune responses, in particular specific for the NS3 protein and mediated by both CD8+ and CD4+T lymphocytes, are thought to play a critical role in the control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
187	16859951	In this study, we searched for novel HLA-B0702 NS3 restricted epitopes following an optimized NS3NS4 immunization protocol in transgenic mice expressing HLA-B0702 molecule.
188	16859951	The relevance of these epitopes to humans was demonstrated, as both were able in vitro to recall specific IFN-gamma and IL10-producing cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HCV infected patients.
189	16859951	Such epitopes enlarge the pool of NS3-specific CD8+T cell epitopes available to perform immunomonitoring of HCV infection and to develop vaccines.
190	16889980	All three proteins were able to induce high levels of specific antibodies and, in the case of the NS3 and HVR1 tetramer, also to mount vigorous cell-proliferating responses.
191	17172057	Due to B-cell HVR1 mimotopes mimicking the antigenicity of natural HVR1 epitopes and some T-cell epitopes from the consensus sequence of HCV genes conserving among the different HCV genotypes, we synthesized an minigene of HCV-derived multi-epitope peptide antigen (CMEP), which contains 9 B-cell HVR1 mimotopes in E2, 2 conserved CTL epitopes in C, 1 conserved CTL epitope in NS3 and 1 conserved Th epitope in NS3.
192	17240490	Adoptive transfer of NS3/4A mRNA-transfected DCs resulted in migration to regional lymph nodes, strong cellular immune responses and protection from challenge with vaccinia virus expressing NS3/NS4/NS5 in mice.
193	17451465	Mice were immunized with recombinant NS3 protein (rNS3) and poly (I:C) emulsified in Montanide ISA 720 (M720).
194	17451465	Cytokine production was assayed by enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and CD4(+) IFN-gamma(+) T helper (Th) cells or CD8(+) IFN-gamma(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry.
195	17451465	The cytokine profiles showed that this formulation induced a Th1-biased immune response with several-fold more interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing cells than interleukin-4-producing cells.
196	17451465	The frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells induced by rNS3 in poly (I:C) and M720 was significantly higher than that induced by rNS3, rNS3 in M720, or rNS3 in poly (I:C), and was comparable to that induced by rNS3 in CpG-ODN with M720.
197	17455808	The structure and function of particular viral structural (core, E1, E2) and nonstructural (NS2, NS3, NS4, NS5) proteins and noncoding regions known to date are described.
198	17669563	Sheep (n=11) and goats (n=4) were immunized with BTV recombinant capripoxviruses (BTV-Cpox) individually expressing four different genes encoding two capsid proteins (VP2 and VP7) and two non-structural proteins (NS1, NS3) of BTV serotype 2 (BTV-2).
199	17706379	Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the genes (S10) encoding the NS3 protein of 137 strains of bluetongue virus (BTV) from Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia and the Mediterranean Basin showed limited variation.
200	17706379	There was no evidence of positive selection on the S10 gene as assessed by reconstruction of ancestral codon states on the phylogeny, rather the functional constraints of the NS3 protein are expressed through substantial negative (purifying) selection.
201	17706379	Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the genes (S10) encoding the NS3 protein of 137 strains of bluetongue virus (BTV) from Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia and the Mediterranean Basin showed limited variation.
202	17706379	There was no evidence of positive selection on the S10 gene as assessed by reconstruction of ancestral codon states on the phylogeny, rather the functional constraints of the NS3 protein are expressed through substantial negative (purifying) selection.
203	18158729	Monocyte-derived DCs from healthy donors were infected with the recombinant adenovirus (Ad) harboring HCV NS3 (AdNS3), NS4 (NS4A and NS4B; AdNS4), NS5 (NS5A and NS5B; AdNS5), NS3/NS4 (AdNS3/NS4), and NS4/NS5 (AdNS4/NS5) genes, and then used to stimulate autologous lymphocytes in vitro.
204	18158729	Antigen-specific cellular immune responses were detected by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and Granzyme B (GrB) enzyme-linked immunospot assays (ELISPOT).
205	18158729	DCs transduced with NS3/NS4 or NS4/NS5 had similar ability to elicit specific immune responses to HCV.
206	18158729	Monocyte-derived DCs from healthy donors were infected with the recombinant adenovirus (Ad) harboring HCV NS3 (AdNS3), NS4 (NS4A and NS4B; AdNS4), NS5 (NS5A and NS5B; AdNS5), NS3/NS4 (AdNS3/NS4), and NS4/NS5 (AdNS4/NS5) genes, and then used to stimulate autologous lymphocytes in vitro.
207	18158729	Antigen-specific cellular immune responses were detected by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and Granzyme B (GrB) enzyme-linked immunospot assays (ELISPOT).
208	18158729	DCs transduced with NS3/NS4 or NS4/NS5 had similar ability to elicit specific immune responses to HCV.
209	18423948	Multiepitope-based vaccines against hepatitis C virus (HCV) were designed in the form of three minigenes encompassing four domains of the NS3, NS4 and NS5B proteins that contain multiple class I/II restricted epitopes.
210	19406162	In this study, one recombinant baculovirus BacSC-NS3 expressing histidine-tagged NS3 with the transmembrane domain (TM) and cytoplasmic domain (CTD) derived from baculovirus envelope protein gp64 of baculovirus was constructed.
211	20053820	A global vaccine based on conserved proteins across genotypes may be feasible, as a five-antigen mosaic cocktail provided 90, 77 and 70% coverage of the Core, NS3 and NS4 proteins, respectively; protein coverage diminished with increased protein variability, dropping to 38% for NS2.
212	20427624	Generation and characterization of chimeric antibodies against NS3, NS4, NS5, and core antigens of hepatitis C virus.
213	20427624	Mouse-human chimeric antibodies (cAbs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) core, NS3 (nonstructural), NS4, and NS5 antigens were developed as quality control (QC) reagents to replace the use of human sera/plasma for Abbott HCV immunoassays.
214	20427624	Mouse heavy-chain (V(H)) and light-chain (V(L)) variable regions of anti-HCV core, NS3, NS4, and NS5 antigens were PCR amplified from hybridoma lines and then cloned with human IgG1 heavy-chain (C(H)) and light-chain (C(L)) constant regions, respectively.
215	20427624	Generation and characterization of chimeric antibodies against NS3, NS4, NS5, and core antigens of hepatitis C virus.
216	20427624	Mouse-human chimeric antibodies (cAbs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) core, NS3 (nonstructural), NS4, and NS5 antigens were developed as quality control (QC) reagents to replace the use of human sera/plasma for Abbott HCV immunoassays.
217	20427624	Mouse heavy-chain (V(H)) and light-chain (V(L)) variable regions of anti-HCV core, NS3, NS4, and NS5 antigens were PCR amplified from hybridoma lines and then cloned with human IgG1 heavy-chain (C(H)) and light-chain (C(L)) constant regions, respectively.
218	20607226	We found that the ER luminal E protein was the most immunogenic viral protein followed closely by the cytoplasmic NS3 and NS5 proteins.
219	20870946	Using a phage-displayed random peptide library, we identified a 15-mer synthetic peptide, P60, able to bind to forkhead/winged helix transcription factor 3 (FOXP3), a factor required for development and function of Treg.
220	20870946	P60 enters the cells, inhibits FOXP3 nuclear translocation, and reduces its ability to suppress the transcription factors NF-κB and NFAT.
221	20870946	P60 administration to newborn mice induced a lymphoproliferative autoimmune syndrome resembling the reported pathology in scurfy mice lacking functional Foxp3.
222	20870946	Similarly, P60 improved the antiviral efficacy of a recombinant adenovirus expressing NS3 protein from hepatitis C virus.
223	20870946	Functional inhibition of Treg by the FOXP3-inhibitory peptide P60 constitutes a strategy to enhance antitumor and antiviral immunotherapies.
224	21346054	By using the recombinant HCV antigens NS3, NS4, NS5, and Combined, we describe a new bead-based multiplex test capable of detecting HCV infection in human serum samples.
225	21346054	When assayed in the singleplex format, the NS3, NS4, and NS5 antigens presented lower sensitivity values (50.5%, 51.6%, and 55.9%, respectively) than did the Combined antigen, which presented a sensitivity of 93.5%.
226	21346054	By using the recombinant HCV antigens NS3, NS4, NS5, and Combined, we describe a new bead-based multiplex test capable of detecting HCV infection in human serum samples.
227	21346054	When assayed in the singleplex format, the NS3, NS4, and NS5 antigens presented lower sensitivity values (50.5%, 51.6%, and 55.9%, respectively) than did the Combined antigen, which presented a sensitivity of 93.5%.
228	21382480	We observed a remarkable cross-presentation of HCV NS3 in dendritic cells challenged with Nef(mut)-NS3 VLPs, as detected using a NS3 specific CD8(+) T cell clone as well as PBMCs from HCV infected patients.
229	21462505	We constructed the DNA vaccine plasmids expressing the HCV non-structural protein NS3 alone or in combination with DEC205 as a fusion protein and identified the expression of the molecules of interest by transient transfection of 293 cells with the resultant DNA vaccine plasmids.
230	21462505	Our results showed that: the single-chain antibody against DEC205 fused with vaccine antigen NS3 significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of new HCV DNA vaccine, the intradermal injection in combination with electroporation using caliper electrodes resulted in most robust NS3-specific antibody and T cell immune response.
231	21462505	We constructed the DNA vaccine plasmids expressing the HCV non-structural protein NS3 alone or in combination with DEC205 as a fusion protein and identified the expression of the molecules of interest by transient transfection of 293 cells with the resultant DNA vaccine plasmids.
232	21462505	Our results showed that: the single-chain antibody against DEC205 fused with vaccine antigen NS3 significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of new HCV DNA vaccine, the intradermal injection in combination with electroporation using caliper electrodes resulted in most robust NS3-specific antibody and T cell immune response.
233	21482158	Antibodies against non-structural protein 3 (NS3, p80) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) were determined in milk from cows vaccinated with an inactivated BVDV vaccine and compared to serum antibody levels.
234	21881953	Dengue virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes target NS1, NS3 and NS5 in infected Indian rhesus macaques.
235	21881953	DENV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes targeted nonstructural (NS) 1, NS3 and NS5 proteins after resolution of peak viremia.
236	21881953	DENV-specific CD4+ cells expressed interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) along with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β).
237	21881953	In comparison, DENV-specific CD8+ cells expressed IFN-γ in addition to MIP-1β and TNF-α and were positive for the degranulation marker CD107a.
238	21881953	Interestingly, a fraction of the DENV-specific CD4+ cells also stained for CD107a, suggesting that they might be cytotoxic.
239	21881953	Dengue virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes target NS1, NS3 and NS5 in infected Indian rhesus macaques.
240	21881953	DENV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes targeted nonstructural (NS) 1, NS3 and NS5 proteins after resolution of peak viremia.
241	21881953	DENV-specific CD4+ cells expressed interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) along with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β).
242	21881953	In comparison, DENV-specific CD8+ cells expressed IFN-γ in addition to MIP-1β and TNF-α and were positive for the degranulation marker CD107a.
243	21881953	Interestingly, a fraction of the DENV-specific CD4+ cells also stained for CD107a, suggesting that they might be cytotoxic.
244	21918184	However, the majority of responses were derived from the highly conserved nonstructural proteins NS3 and NS5.
245	22031819	This protein is considered the main target for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses during dengue infection, which may be involved in protection.
246	22031819	Different recombinant plasmids were constructed, encoding either the full-length NS3 protein or only its functional domains (protease and helicase), fused or not to a signal peptide (t-PA).
247	22031819	Most animals immunized with plasmids encoding the full-length NS3 or the helicase domain survived challenge, regardless of the presence of the t-PA.
248	22031819	This protein is considered the main target for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses during dengue infection, which may be involved in protection.
249	22031819	Different recombinant plasmids were constructed, encoding either the full-length NS3 protein or only its functional domains (protease and helicase), fused or not to a signal peptide (t-PA).
250	22031819	Most animals immunized with plasmids encoding the full-length NS3 or the helicase domain survived challenge, regardless of the presence of the t-PA.
251	22285887	BTV is a non-enveloped double-capsid virus, which encodes 7 structural proteins (VP1-VP7) and several non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2, NS3/3a and NS4) from ten double-stranded RNA segments of the genome.
252	22285887	We compared the protective efficacy of VLPs and CLPs in sheep and investigated the importance of geographical lineages of BTV in the development of vaccines.
253	22285887	The Greek crossbred Karagouniko sheep, which display mild to sub-clinical BT, were vaccinated with VLPs or CLPs of BTV-1, derived from western lineage and were challenged with virulent BTV-1 from an eastern lineage.
254	22573867	H-2-deficient mice transgenic for either A2, A24, B7, DR2, DR3, or DR4 HLA alleles were immunized with overlapping peptides of the WNV proteome, and peptide-specific T-cell activation was measured by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assays.
255	22573867	Notably, only 51 were WNV specific, and the remaining 86, chiefly of E, NS3, and NS5, shared an identity of nine or more consecutive amino acids with sequences of 64 other flaviviruses, including several major human pathogens.
256	23467778	Ninety-two percent and 32% of IgG anti-HCV core-positive cryoprecipitates had additional specificities against the NS3 and NS4 regions, respectively.
257	23599689	The molecular targets we intend to discuss are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma kinase (ALK), KRAS, C-MET/RON, PIK3CA.
258	23599689	ROS-1, RET Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).
259	23709057	Interleukin-12 as a genetic adjuvant enhances hepatitis C virus NS3 DNA vaccine immunogenicity.
260	23709057	Our data suggest that co-administration of HCV NS3 DNA vaccine with IL-12 induces production of significant levels of both IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ (p<0.05).
261	23709057	Collectively, our results demonstrated that co-administration of HCV NS3 and IL-12 displayed strong immunogenicity in a murine model.
262	23709057	Interleukin-12 as a genetic adjuvant enhances hepatitis C virus NS3 DNA vaccine immunogenicity.
263	23709057	Our data suggest that co-administration of HCV NS3 DNA vaccine with IL-12 induces production of significant levels of both IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ (p<0.05).
264	23709057	Collectively, our results demonstrated that co-administration of HCV NS3 and IL-12 displayed strong immunogenicity in a murine model.
265	23709057	Interleukin-12 as a genetic adjuvant enhances hepatitis C virus NS3 DNA vaccine immunogenicity.
266	23709057	Our data suggest that co-administration of HCV NS3 DNA vaccine with IL-12 induces production of significant levels of both IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ (p<0.05).
267	23709057	Collectively, our results demonstrated that co-administration of HCV NS3 and IL-12 displayed strong immunogenicity in a murine model.
268	23785766	The humoral immune response was assessed with ELISA; cellular immune response--in blast transformation reaction, by quantitation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation using flow cytofluorometry, by intracellular synthesis and secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-2 in ELISpot and ELISA.
269	23785766	It was found that the functionally active T cell response was achieved to antigens presenting NS3, NS4, NS5A, and NS5B epitopes of different HCV genotypes in response to pcNS3-NS5B plasmid and was stronger than that to plasmids carrying individual genes.
270	23785766	A high proliferation rate of CD4+ T cells, secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, induction of anti-NS3 and anti-NS5B IgG2a were demonstrated.
271	23871775	Consistent with previously reported CFAV strains, E, NS3 and NS5 regions comprised 1,290, 1,761 and 2,664 nucleotides, respectively.
272	23871775	When amino acid sequences from representative strains of six insect-specific and seven mosquito-borne flaviviruses were compared, average identities of 14.9%, 31.8% and 44.3% were calculated for E, NS3 and NS5 regions, respectively.
273	23871775	Consistent with previously reported CFAV strains, E, NS3 and NS5 regions comprised 1,290, 1,761 and 2,664 nucleotides, respectively.
274	23871775	When amino acid sequences from representative strains of six insect-specific and seven mosquito-borne flaviviruses were compared, average identities of 14.9%, 31.8% and 44.3% were calculated for E, NS3 and NS5 regions, respectively.
275	24074601	First, we observed by confocal microscopy that four small transmembrane proteins (TP) (NS2A, NS2B, NS4A, and NS4B) were located to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas the largest NSPs, NS1, NS3, and NS5 were not.
276	24074601	By the criteria of these techniques, NS5 interacted only with NS3, and NS1 was not shown to be in close proximity with other NSPs.
277	24074601	NS2B protein seems to play a key role in bringing the TPs together on the ER membrane and in bridging the TPs with non-membrane-associated proteins (NS3 and NS5).
278	24074601	First, we observed by confocal microscopy that four small transmembrane proteins (TP) (NS2A, NS2B, NS4A, and NS4B) were located to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas the largest NSPs, NS1, NS3, and NS5 were not.
279	24074601	By the criteria of these techniques, NS5 interacted only with NS3, and NS1 was not shown to be in close proximity with other NSPs.
280	24074601	NS2B protein seems to play a key role in bringing the TPs together on the ER membrane and in bridging the TPs with non-membrane-associated proteins (NS3 and NS5).
281	24074601	First, we observed by confocal microscopy that four small transmembrane proteins (TP) (NS2A, NS2B, NS4A, and NS4B) were located to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas the largest NSPs, NS1, NS3, and NS5 were not.
282	24074601	By the criteria of these techniques, NS5 interacted only with NS3, and NS1 was not shown to be in close proximity with other NSPs.
283	24074601	NS2B protein seems to play a key role in bringing the TPs together on the ER membrane and in bridging the TPs with non-membrane-associated proteins (NS3 and NS5).
284	24372240	Targeting this we performed homology modeling and protein-protein docking study of NS3 with NRBP (Nuclear Receptor Binding Protein) of human as it has been proved that NS3 of DENV interacts with NRBP which causes cellular trafficking in human cell.
285	24740375	In the animal that cleared infection, NS3-specific CD8 T-cell responses were observed to be more potent in terms of frequency and polyfunctionality of cytokine producing cells.
286	24740375	Unique to this animal was the presence of killing-competent CD8 T-cells, specific for NS3 1258-1272, being presented by the chimpanzee MHC class I molecule Patr-A*03∶01, and a high affinity recognition of this epitope.
287	24767772	Dengue viral RNA from each of the 4 dengue viruses (DENVs) was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 11 cases, and dengue viral proteins (envelope, NS1, or NS3) were detected in 1 or more tissues from all 13 cases.
288	24816171	Dengue virus-infected human dendritic cells reveal hierarchies of naturally expressed novel NS3 CD8 T cell epitopes.
289	24872514	Fourteen amino acid substitutions were observed in the capsid, prM, envelope, NS1, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5 proteins of the fully attenuated strain of Du/CH/LSD/110128, which might be responsible for the observed changes in replication and pathogenicity.
290	24926294	In addition, the vaccine induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α, and targeting the DENV-2 NS1, NS3, and NS5 proteins.
291	24926294	Moreover, vaccine-specific T cells were cross-reactive with the non-structural NS3 and NS5 proteins of DENV-4.
292	24926294	In addition, the vaccine induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α, and targeting the DENV-2 NS1, NS3, and NS5 proteins.
293	24926294	Moreover, vaccine-specific T cells were cross-reactive with the non-structural NS3 and NS5 proteins of DENV-4.
294	25077772	Mutant Kras (V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) is observed in more than 20% of non-small-cell lung cancers; however, no effective Kras target therapy is available at present.
295	25077772	The number of tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells increased after Kras vaccination.
296	25077772	In contrast, Kras DNA vaccine was not effective in the lung tumor in transgenic mice, which was induced by mutant L858R epidermal growth factor receptor.
297	25378645	We assessed a heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy based on a replicative defective simian adenoviral vector (ChAd3) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector encoding the NS3, NS4, NS5A, and NS5B proteins of HCV genotype 1b.
298	25378645	We show that HCV-specific T cells induced by ChAd3 are optimally boosted with MVA, and generate very high levels of both CD8(+) and CD4(+) HCV-specific T cells targeting multiple HCV antigens.
299	25488659	Previous studies have shown that NS5 residue Lys-330 is required for interaction between NS3 and NS5.
300	25488659	Small angle x-ray scattering study on NS3(172-618) helicase and covalently linked NS3(172-618)-NS5(320-341) reveals a rigid and compact formation of the latter, indicating that peptide NS5(320-341) engages in specific and discrete interaction with NS3.
301	25488659	NS3 and NS5 are highly conserved among the four serotypes, and the protein sequence around the pinpointed amino acids from the NS3 and NS5 regions are also conserved.
302	25488659	Previous studies have shown that NS5 residue Lys-330 is required for interaction between NS3 and NS5.
303	25488659	Small angle x-ray scattering study on NS3(172-618) helicase and covalently linked NS3(172-618)-NS5(320-341) reveals a rigid and compact formation of the latter, indicating that peptide NS5(320-341) engages in specific and discrete interaction with NS3.
304	25488659	NS3 and NS5 are highly conserved among the four serotypes, and the protein sequence around the pinpointed amino acids from the NS3 and NS5 regions are also conserved.
305	25488659	Previous studies have shown that NS5 residue Lys-330 is required for interaction between NS3 and NS5.
306	25488659	Small angle x-ray scattering study on NS3(172-618) helicase and covalently linked NS3(172-618)-NS5(320-341) reveals a rigid and compact formation of the latter, indicating that peptide NS5(320-341) engages in specific and discrete interaction with NS3.
307	25488659	NS3 and NS5 are highly conserved among the four serotypes, and the protein sequence around the pinpointed amino acids from the NS3 and NS5 regions are also conserved.
308	25943203	Using peptide arrays and intracellular cytokine staining, we demonstrated that TDV elicits CD8(+) T cells targeting the nonstructural NS1, NS3, and NS5 proteins of TDV-2.
309	25943203	The cells were characterized by the production of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and to a lesser extent interleukin-2.
310	26185420	Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is characterized by several germline or acquired genetic mutations, the most common being KRAS (90%), CDK2NA (90%), TP53 (75%-90%), DPC4/SMAD4 (50%).
311	26185420	Recent reports note activity with immunotherapies such as CD40 agonists, CCR2 inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and novel combinations against the immunosuppressive tumor milieu are ongoing.
312	26215441	In this study, mice were primed with either conventional pVRC-based or suicidal pSC-based DNA vaccines carrying DEC-205-targeted NS3 antigen (DEC-NS3) and boosted with type 5 adenoviral vectors encoding the partial NS3 and core antigens (C44P).
313	26215441	Moreover, priming with a suicidal DNA vaccine (pSC-DEC-NS3), which elicited increased TNF-α-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells against NS3-2 peptides (aa 1245-1461), after boosting, showed increased heterogeneous protective potential compared with priming with a conventional DNA vaccine (pVRC-DEC-NS3).
314	26215441	In conclusion, a suicidal DNA vector (pSC-DEC-NS3) expressing DEC-205-targeted NS3 combined with boosting using an rAd5-based HCV vaccine (rAd5-C44P) is a good candidate for a safe and effective vaccine against HCV infection.
315	26215441	In this study, mice were primed with either conventional pVRC-based or suicidal pSC-based DNA vaccines carrying DEC-205-targeted NS3 antigen (DEC-NS3) and boosted with type 5 adenoviral vectors encoding the partial NS3 and core antigens (C44P).
316	26215441	Moreover, priming with a suicidal DNA vaccine (pSC-DEC-NS3), which elicited increased TNF-α-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells against NS3-2 peptides (aa 1245-1461), after boosting, showed increased heterogeneous protective potential compared with priming with a conventional DNA vaccine (pVRC-DEC-NS3).
317	26215441	In conclusion, a suicidal DNA vector (pSC-DEC-NS3) expressing DEC-205-targeted NS3 combined with boosting using an rAd5-based HCV vaccine (rAd5-C44P) is a good candidate for a safe and effective vaccine against HCV infection.
318	26262584	Compared with a canonical DNA vaccine and a bicistronic DNA vaccine encoding NS3 and the proapoptotic gene NSP4, the perforin-containing vaccine elicited enhanced cell-mediated immune responses against the NS3 protein in vaccinated mice and pigs, as determined by ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining, whereas a mouse challenge model suggested that the immunity was CD8(+) T-cell-dependent.
319	26378567	The underlying mechanisms revealed that the expression of DENV-2 nonstructural protein NS1/NS3 and its replicating intermediate, double-strand RNA, was dramatically reduced by honokiol treatment.