Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: KRT32

Gene name: keratin 32

HGNC ID: 6449

Synonyms: Ha-2

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	DHX9	1 hits
2	KRT31	1 hits
3	NEU1	1 hits
4	PNMA1	1 hits
5	PTPN11	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	1061120	The influenza virus hemagglutinin polypeptides, HA1 and HA2, have been purified by gel filtration in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate from a vaccine preparation of the recombinant strain Heq1N2.
2	2449498	Influenza H1 subtype-specific CTL can be induced by secondary stimulation of a hybrid protein of the first 81 amino acids of the viral NS1 non-structural protein and the HA2 subunit of A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) hemagglutinin.
3	2466942	We have examined whether active immunization with c13 protein, a hybrid protein of the first 81 amino acids of the viral NS1 nonstructural protein and the HA2 subunit of A/PR/8 (H1N1) hemagglutinin, could protect BALB/c mice from challenge with A/PR/8 H1 subtype virus.
4	3264429	In mammalian cell culture the hemagglutinin expressed by this recombinant virus was full-length, cleaved into HA1 and HA2 in the absence of trypsin, and transported to the cell surface, confirming that other virus products are not required for cleavage activation.
5	7823966	The enzymatic cleavage attacks the so-called intersubunit region of the molecule giving rise to covalently linked HA1 and HA2 subunits.
6	7856302	Influenza A subtype cross-protection after immunization of outbred mice with a purified chimeric NS1/HA2 influenza virus protein.
7	7856302	Influenza A/PR/8/34-derived chimeric (D) protein (SK&F 106160) composed of the first 81 amino acids (aa) of NS1 fused to the conserved 157 C-terminal aa of HA2 (NS1 1-81-HA2 65-222) was previously shown to induce H-2d-restricted protective cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immunity in inbred mice.
8	7856302	In vivo depletion of either Lyt2 (CD8+) or L3T4 (CD4+) T cells with monoclonal antibodies led to abrogation of in vitro-generated CTL activity in CF6F1 mice and significant reduction in the protective efficacy of D protein against virus challenge in both Swiss and CF6F1 mice.
9	7856302	These results suggest that protection was mediated by CD8+ and/or CD4+ cells and not antibody.
10	7856302	Influenza A subtype cross-protection after immunization of outbred mice with a purified chimeric NS1/HA2 influenza virus protein.
11	7856302	Influenza A/PR/8/34-derived chimeric (D) protein (SK&F 106160) composed of the first 81 amino acids (aa) of NS1 fused to the conserved 157 C-terminal aa of HA2 (NS1 1-81-HA2 65-222) was previously shown to induce H-2d-restricted protective cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immunity in inbred mice.
12	7856302	In vivo depletion of either Lyt2 (CD8+) or L3T4 (CD4+) T cells with monoclonal antibodies led to abrogation of in vitro-generated CTL activity in CF6F1 mice and significant reduction in the protective efficacy of D protein against virus challenge in both Swiss and CF6F1 mice.
13	7856302	These results suggest that protection was mediated by CD8+ and/or CD4+ cells and not antibody.
14	10191214	The HA cleavage site (HA1/HA2) of each H5N1 isolate was modified to resemble that of "low-pathogenic" avian strains.
15	10223301	Antibodies were detected to both the monomeric form of the haemagglutinin (HA) and its two subunits HA1 and HA2.
16	16014960	They transport to the cell surface, can be cleaved into the HA1 and HA2 subunits by trypsin to activate membrane fusion potential, are able to undergo the low-pH-induced conformational changes required for fusion, and are capable of inducing the fusion process.
17	17037192	The HA gene was modified by the deletion of four basic amino acids of the connecting peptide between HA1 and HA2.
18	18343837	The haemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A virus consists of two glycopolypeptides designated HA1 and HA2.
19	18343837	To study the role of antibodies directed against HA2 during influenza virus infection, two vaccinia virus recombinants (rVVs) were used expressing chimeric molecules of HA, in which HA1 and HA2 were derived from different HA subtypes.
20	18343837	The haemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A virus consists of two glycopolypeptides designated HA1 and HA2.
21	18343837	To study the role of antibodies directed against HA2 during influenza virus infection, two vaccinia virus recombinants (rVVs) were used expressing chimeric molecules of HA, in which HA1 and HA2 were derived from different HA subtypes.
22	18840494	The HA1 and HA2 bands co-migrated with nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix protein (M1) respectively, preventing accurate analysis.
23	19251591	In contrast to other structurally characterized influenza antibodies, CR6261 recognizes a highly conserved helical region in the membrane-proximal stem of HA1 and HA2.
24	21865396	Diverse epitopes in HA1/HA2 and NA were recognized by postvaccination sera from the two high-dose groups, including large segments spanning the HA1 receptor binding domain.
25	22867723	The uncleavable HA was engineered by substituting the arginine at the C-terminus of HA1 with threonine, which prevents cleavage of HA into its HA1 and HA2 subunits, preventing fusion between the host and viral membranes.
26	23028320	Polyclonal antibody affinity in human plasma for the HA1 and HA2 domains of the H1N1pdm09 hemagglutinin was measured by antibody-antigen complex dissociation rates using real time kinetics in Surface Plasmon Resonance.
27	23166266	All of the 8 gene segments of A/Duck/Guangxi/GXd-5/2010(H6N1) are attributed to the Eurasian lineage; the amino acid motif of the cleavage site between HA1 and HA2 was P-Q-I-E-T-R-G.
28	23633404	Antibody epitope repertoires were elucidated by genome-fragment phage-display library analysis, and antibody avidities for HA1 and HA2 domains were measured by surface plasmon resonance.
29	23883840	In the present study, we observed an increase in the variety and ratio of mutations detected in the HA1 and HA2 domains of the HA gene; however, these alterations have not yet resulted in vaccine escape mutants in Turkey.
30	25210934	SDS-PAGE and MS/MS analysis indicated that the protein is cleaved into HA1 and HA2 domains linked by a disulfide bond.
31	25288022	A nonfusogenic antigen mimic of influenza hemagglutinin glycoproteins constituted with soluble full-length HA1 and truncated HA2 proteins expressed in E. coli.
32	25288022	A novel method is proposed to produce a soluble recombinant antigen mimic, constituted with full-length HA1 and truncated HA2 individually expressed in E. coli, instead of a precursor form of hemagglutinin protein, that is similar to the naturally processed and disulfide-linked HA1/HA2 on the envelope of the influenza A virus strain X-31 (H3N2).
33	25288022	Mutations C137S and C14S in the HA2 and HA1 subunits, respectively, were introduced to prevent any possible disulfide linkage between the two subunit proteins.
34	25288022	The rHA antigen mimic would be nonfusogenic mainly due to the absence of the N-terminal fusion peptide as well as the C-terminal transmembrane domain in the truncated HA2, and eventually less cytotoxic as well.
35	25288022	A nonfusogenic antigen mimic of influenza hemagglutinin glycoproteins constituted with soluble full-length HA1 and truncated HA2 proteins expressed in E. coli.
36	25288022	A novel method is proposed to produce a soluble recombinant antigen mimic, constituted with full-length HA1 and truncated HA2 individually expressed in E. coli, instead of a precursor form of hemagglutinin protein, that is similar to the naturally processed and disulfide-linked HA1/HA2 on the envelope of the influenza A virus strain X-31 (H3N2).
37	25288022	Mutations C137S and C14S in the HA2 and HA1 subunits, respectively, were introduced to prevent any possible disulfide linkage between the two subunit proteins.
38	25288022	The rHA antigen mimic would be nonfusogenic mainly due to the absence of the N-terminal fusion peptide as well as the C-terminal transmembrane domain in the truncated HA2, and eventually less cytotoxic as well.
39	25288022	A nonfusogenic antigen mimic of influenza hemagglutinin glycoproteins constituted with soluble full-length HA1 and truncated HA2 proteins expressed in E. coli.
40	25288022	A novel method is proposed to produce a soluble recombinant antigen mimic, constituted with full-length HA1 and truncated HA2 individually expressed in E. coli, instead of a precursor form of hemagglutinin protein, that is similar to the naturally processed and disulfide-linked HA1/HA2 on the envelope of the influenza A virus strain X-31 (H3N2).
41	25288022	Mutations C137S and C14S in the HA2 and HA1 subunits, respectively, were introduced to prevent any possible disulfide linkage between the two subunit proteins.
42	25288022	The rHA antigen mimic would be nonfusogenic mainly due to the absence of the N-terminal fusion peptide as well as the C-terminal transmembrane domain in the truncated HA2, and eventually less cytotoxic as well.
43	25288022	A nonfusogenic antigen mimic of influenza hemagglutinin glycoproteins constituted with soluble full-length HA1 and truncated HA2 proteins expressed in E. coli.
44	25288022	A novel method is proposed to produce a soluble recombinant antigen mimic, constituted with full-length HA1 and truncated HA2 individually expressed in E. coli, instead of a precursor form of hemagglutinin protein, that is similar to the naturally processed and disulfide-linked HA1/HA2 on the envelope of the influenza A virus strain X-31 (H3N2).
45	25288022	Mutations C137S and C14S in the HA2 and HA1 subunits, respectively, were introduced to prevent any possible disulfide linkage between the two subunit proteins.
46	25288022	The rHA antigen mimic would be nonfusogenic mainly due to the absence of the N-terminal fusion peptide as well as the C-terminal transmembrane domain in the truncated HA2, and eventually less cytotoxic as well.
47	25452148	We found that Pandemrix (2009 batch) and Arepanrix (2010 batch) showed 5 main viral proteins: hemagglutinin HA1 and HA2 subunits, neuraminidase NA, nucleoprotein NP, and matrix protein MA1 and non-viral proteins from the Gallus gallus growth matrix used in the manufacturing of the vaccines.
48	25452148	Latticed patterns of HA1, HA2 and NA indicated charge and molecular weight heterogeneity, a phenomenon likely caused by glycosylation and sulfation.
49	25452148	Overall, Pandemrix contained more NP and NA, while Arepanrix displayed a larger diversity of viral and chicken proteins, with the exception of five chicken proteins (PDCD6IP, TSPAN8, H-FABP, HSP and TUB proteins) that were relatively more abundant in Pandemrix.
50	25452148	We found that Pandemrix (2009 batch) and Arepanrix (2010 batch) showed 5 main viral proteins: hemagglutinin HA1 and HA2 subunits, neuraminidase NA, nucleoprotein NP, and matrix protein MA1 and non-viral proteins from the Gallus gallus growth matrix used in the manufacturing of the vaccines.
51	25452148	Latticed patterns of HA1, HA2 and NA indicated charge and molecular weight heterogeneity, a phenomenon likely caused by glycosylation and sulfation.
52	25452148	Overall, Pandemrix contained more NP and NA, while Arepanrix displayed a larger diversity of viral and chicken proteins, with the exception of five chicken proteins (PDCD6IP, TSPAN8, H-FABP, HSP and TUB proteins) that were relatively more abundant in Pandemrix.
53	26093202	In addition, antibody affinity maturation following vaccination was measured against HA1 and HA2 antigenic domains using real time Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) based kinetic assays.
54	26269180	Intermonomer Interactions in Hemagglutinin Subunits HA1 and HA2 Affecting Hemagglutinin Stability and Influenza Virus Infectivity.