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PMID |
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1541823
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We have examined the abilities of the recombinant murine lymphokines IFN-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, and IL-4 to stimulate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of macrophages against the live vaccine strain (LVS) of Francisella tularensis.
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2 |
1541823
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Resident peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 strain mice were cultured overnight with IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, or IL-4, and then infected with LVS.
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3 |
1541823
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In contrast, macrophages treated with either GM-CSF or IL-4 exhibited no such enhanced antitularemic activity, even in the presence of LPS.
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4 |
2675486
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GLA-60, which is devoid of endotoxic activity, showed interleukin-1 (IL-1)-inducing activity and activation of murine macrophages comparable to those of LPS or compound 506.
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5 |
2675486
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However, TNF- and CSF-inducing activities of these conjugates were lower than those of GLA-60.
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6 |
2844032
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The ability of various synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivatives to induce the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and colony stimulating factor (CSF) in vitro and in vivo and to induce cytotoxic macrophages was studied. 6-O-L18-MDP(Me) and MDP-Lys(L18), which were potent inducers of IL-1 and CSF production and of cytotoxic macrophages, had protective activity against Sendai virus infection in mice.
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7 |
2844032
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In contrast, 1-O-L18-(6-O-P)-MDP(Me) and 2-N-L18-MDP exhibited weak or no ability to induce IL-1 and CSF production and no induction of tumoricidal macrophages, and did not protect against infection of Sendai virus.
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8 |
2844032
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The ability of various synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivatives to induce the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and colony stimulating factor (CSF) in vitro and in vivo and to induce cytotoxic macrophages was studied. 6-O-L18-MDP(Me) and MDP-Lys(L18), which were potent inducers of IL-1 and CSF production and of cytotoxic macrophages, had protective activity against Sendai virus infection in mice.
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9 |
2844032
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In contrast, 1-O-L18-(6-O-P)-MDP(Me) and 2-N-L18-MDP exhibited weak or no ability to induce IL-1 and CSF production and no induction of tumoricidal macrophages, and did not protect against infection of Sendai virus.
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10 |
9013964
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To enhance the immunogenicity of this nonsecreted viral structural protein at the B and T cell level, we coimmunized mice with pHCV2-2 and DNA expression constructs encoding for mouse IL-2, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF proteins.
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11 |
9013964
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The CD4+ inflammatory T cell proliferative responses as well as CD8+ CTL activity to HCV core protein were enhanced substantially after coimmunization with the IL-2 and granulocyte-macrophage CSF DNA expression constructs.
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12 |
9013964
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To enhance the immunogenicity of this nonsecreted viral structural protein at the B and T cell level, we coimmunized mice with pHCV2-2 and DNA expression constructs encoding for mouse IL-2, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF proteins.
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13 |
9013964
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The CD4+ inflammatory T cell proliferative responses as well as CD8+ CTL activity to HCV core protein were enhanced substantially after coimmunization with the IL-2 and granulocyte-macrophage CSF DNA expression constructs.
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14 |
9103465
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Cytokine-in-adjuvant steering of the immune response phenotype to HIV-1 vaccine constructs: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and TNF-alpha synergize with IL-12 to enhance induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
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15 |
9103465
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Here we study the effects of IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-1beta, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) incorporated with peptide in adjuvant on a variety of responses elicited: CTL, T cell proliferation, cytokine production and message, and Ab isotype.
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16 |
9103465
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GM-CSF synergized with IL-12 for CTL induction in BALB/c mice concomitant with suppression of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10.
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17 |
9103465
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TNF-alpha also synergized with IL-12, but by a different mechanism, inducing IFN-gamma production in BALB/c mice and thus shifting the response to a Th1 phenotype.
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18 |
9103465
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The results presented here suggest that in addition to IL-2, optimum induction of CD8+ CTL in vivo requires a combination of cytokines, including GM-CSF (probably acting to enhance Ag presentation and CD4+ cell help) and IL-12 (steering the Th response toward Th1 cytokines).
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19 |
9469429
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CTL responses generated by polytope DNA plasmid vaccination lasted for 1 yr, could be enhanced by co-delivering a gene for granulocyte-macrophage CSF, and appeared to be induced in the absence of CD4 T cell-mediated help.
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20 |
9886383
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BmDC cultured under various conditions (granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) or GM-CSF plus IL-4 alone or in combination with Flt3 ligand, TNF-alpha, LPS, or CD40 ligand (CD40L)) were analyzed morphologically, phenotypically, and functionally and were tested for their ability to promote prophylactic and/or therapeutic antitumor immunity.
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21 |
9886383
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Whereas cells cultured in GM-CSF alone were functionally immature, cells incubated with CD40L or LPS were mature BmDC, as evident by morphology, capacity to internalize Ag, migration into regional lymph nodes, IL-12 secretion, and alloantigen or peptide Ag presentation in vitro.
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22 |
12087615
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Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor: current practice and novel approaches.
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23 |
12087615
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Granulocyte macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) (sargramostim, Leukine, Immunex Corporation, Seattle, WA) has broad activity in the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid lineage progenitor cells, whereas granulocyte CSF (filgrastim, Neupogen, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA) acts selectively on cells of the granulocyte lineage.
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24 |
14501019
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M1 muscarinic receptors (M1 mAChRs) play a role in an apparent linkage of three major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD): beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide; tau hyperphosphorylation and paired helical filaments (PHFs); and loss of cholinergic function conducive to cognitive impairments.
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25 |
14501019
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Activation of M1 mAChRs with these agonists leads, inter alia, to enhanced secretion of amyloid precursor protein (alpha-APP), (via alpha-secretase activation), to decreased Abeta (via gamma-secretase inhibition), and to inhibition of Abeta- and/or oxidative stress-induced cell death.
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26 |
14501019
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Studies from other labs showed that AF102B and talsaclidine (another M1 agonist) decreased cerbrospinal fluid (CSF) Abeta in AD patients following chronic treatment, being the first reported drugs with such a profile.
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27 |
14501019
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Remarkably, although M1 agonists can decrease CSF Abeta in AD patients, an increased AD-type pathology in Parkinson's disease was recently been associated with chronic antimuscarinic treatment.
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28 |
14501019
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This may place such drugs in the first line of modern AD therapies (e.g., beta- or gamma-secretase inhibitors, vaccines against Abeta, statins, and inhibitors of tau hyperphosphorylation).
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29 |
14501019
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M1 muscarinic receptors (M1 mAChRs) play a role in an apparent linkage of three major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD): beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide; tau hyperphosphorylation and paired helical filaments (PHFs); and loss of cholinergic function conducive to cognitive impairments.
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30 |
14501019
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Activation of M1 mAChRs with these agonists leads, inter alia, to enhanced secretion of amyloid precursor protein (alpha-APP), (via alpha-secretase activation), to decreased Abeta (via gamma-secretase inhibition), and to inhibition of Abeta- and/or oxidative stress-induced cell death.
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31 |
14501019
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Studies from other labs showed that AF102B and talsaclidine (another M1 agonist) decreased cerbrospinal fluid (CSF) Abeta in AD patients following chronic treatment, being the first reported drugs with such a profile.
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32 |
14501019
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Remarkably, although M1 agonists can decrease CSF Abeta in AD patients, an increased AD-type pathology in Parkinson's disease was recently been associated with chronic antimuscarinic treatment.
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33 |
14501019
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This may place such drugs in the first line of modern AD therapies (e.g., beta- or gamma-secretase inhibitors, vaccines against Abeta, statins, and inhibitors of tau hyperphosphorylation).
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34 |
15963818
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Surface expression of IL-2R-alpha (CD25) is widely used to identify activated lymphocyte populations, while interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels have been shown to be a good indicator of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in pigs.
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35 |
15963818
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To investigate the relationship between these two parameters, we developed an intracellular cytokine-staining assay and studied the kinetics of cytokine (IFN-gamma and interleukin-10, IL-10) production relative to CD25 expression in porcine lymphocyte subpopulations, following immunization with a classical swine fever (CSF) vaccine.
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36 |
15963818
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The number of activated memory T cells (CD4(+)CD8(+)CD25(+) cells) increased slightly in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population soon after vaccination, then diminished within a few weeks.
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37 |
15963818
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The number of activated cytotoxic T cells (CD4(-)CD8(+)CD25(+) cells) peaked approximately 2 weeks after the memory population.
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38 |
15963818
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Although the number of IFN-gamma producing cells detected in this experiment was relatively low, the CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells were major IFN-gamma producers in the PBMCs throughout the experiment.
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39 |
15963818
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In another experiment, CSF-vaccinated pigs were challenged with a virulent classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and the kinetics of CD25 expression and cytokine productions were monitored.
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40 |
15963818
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The CD4(-)CD8(+) cells were major IFN-gamma producing cells in vaccinated pigs, while both CD4(+)CD8(+) and CD4(-)CD8(+) populations contributed to the IFN-gamma production in the control group.
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41 |
15963818
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Interestingly, the enhanced IFN-gamma production was not associated with the upregulation of CD25 expression following the CSFV challenge.
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42 |
15963818
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In addition, exposure to the virulent CSFV significantly increased interleukin-10 production by the CD4(-)CD8(+) populations in PBMCs of the unvaccinated pigs.
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43 |
15963818
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Taken together, our results indicated that CD25 expression and IFN-gamma production were not tightly associated in porcine lymphocytes.
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44 |
15963818
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In addition, the CD4(-)CD8(+) lymphocytes of the PBMCs played a major role in cytokine productions following the CSFV challenge.
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45 |
15963818
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Surface expression of IL-2R-alpha (CD25) is widely used to identify activated lymphocyte populations, while interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels have been shown to be a good indicator of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in pigs.
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46 |
15963818
|
To investigate the relationship between these two parameters, we developed an intracellular cytokine-staining assay and studied the kinetics of cytokine (IFN-gamma and interleukin-10, IL-10) production relative to CD25 expression in porcine lymphocyte subpopulations, following immunization with a classical swine fever (CSF) vaccine.
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47 |
15963818
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The number of activated memory T cells (CD4(+)CD8(+)CD25(+) cells) increased slightly in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population soon after vaccination, then diminished within a few weeks.
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48 |
15963818
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The number of activated cytotoxic T cells (CD4(-)CD8(+)CD25(+) cells) peaked approximately 2 weeks after the memory population.
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49 |
15963818
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Although the number of IFN-gamma producing cells detected in this experiment was relatively low, the CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells were major IFN-gamma producers in the PBMCs throughout the experiment.
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50 |
15963818
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In another experiment, CSF-vaccinated pigs were challenged with a virulent classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and the kinetics of CD25 expression and cytokine productions were monitored.
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51 |
15963818
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The CD4(-)CD8(+) cells were major IFN-gamma producing cells in vaccinated pigs, while both CD4(+)CD8(+) and CD4(-)CD8(+) populations contributed to the IFN-gamma production in the control group.
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52 |
15963818
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Interestingly, the enhanced IFN-gamma production was not associated with the upregulation of CD25 expression following the CSFV challenge.
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53 |
15963818
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In addition, exposure to the virulent CSFV significantly increased interleukin-10 production by the CD4(-)CD8(+) populations in PBMCs of the unvaccinated pigs.
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54 |
15963818
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Taken together, our results indicated that CD25 expression and IFN-gamma production were not tightly associated in porcine lymphocytes.
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55 |
15963818
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In addition, the CD4(-)CD8(+) lymphocytes of the PBMCs played a major role in cytokine productions following the CSFV challenge.
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56 |
16412049
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Novel roles of osteopontin and CXC chemokine ligand 7 in the defence against mycobacterial infection.
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57 |
16412049
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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced human monocyte-derived macrophage (GM-Mphi) or macrophage CSF (M-CSF)-induced human monocyte-derived Mphi (M-Mphi) are distinct in terms of the resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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58 |
16412049
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FN1 and FCGR2B were the most up-regulated genes in GM-Mphi and M-Mphi, respectively.
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59 |
16412049
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After stimulation with BCG, three chemokine genes (Osteopontin (SPP1), CXC chemokine ligand 7 (CXCL7) and CC chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11)) were highly expressed in M-Mphi-BCG when compared to those in GM-Mphi-BCG.
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60 |
16412049
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A significantly increased resistance to M. tuberculosis H37Ra was observed after the stimulation of GM-Mphi with SPP1 or CXCL7.
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61 |
16412049
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Superoxide production levels of SPP1- or CXCL7-stimulated GM-Mphis were higher than those of GM-Mphis without stimulation.
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62 |
16412049
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These results indicate that both SPP1 and CXCL7 might have a role in the resistance against mycobacteria, at least in part, through augmenting reactive oxygen intermediate production in Mphis.
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63 |
16460841
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A nonsignificant increase in CSF Abeta(1-40) and decrease in Abeta(1-40/1-42) in cortex was detected.
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