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PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
15181282
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CD137 (4-1BB), is an inducible T-cell costimulatory receptor and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily.
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2 |
15181282
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The natural counter receptor for CD137 is 4-1BB ligand, a member of the TNF superfamily that is weakly expressed on naïve or resting B cells, macrophages, and DCs.
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3 |
15181282
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In T cells CD137-induced signals lead to the recruitment of TRAF family members and activation of several kinases, including ASK-1, MKK, MAPK3/ MAPK4, p38, and JNK/SAPK.
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4 |
15181282
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Kinase activation is then followed by the activation and nuclear translocation of several transcription factors, including ATF-2, Jun, and NF-kappaB.
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5 |
15181282
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In addition to augmenting suboptimal TCR-induced proliferation, CD137-mediated signaling protects T cells, and in particular, CD8+ T cells from activation-induced cell death (AICD).
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6 |
20130137
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The PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits influenza A virus-induced Bax-mediated apoptosis by negatively regulating the JNK pathway via ASK1.
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7 |
20130137
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It has previously been reported that influenza A virus infection activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway.
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8 |
20130137
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In addition, it has been shown that the mutant influenza A virus PR8-SH3-mf-1, which is unable to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, is more pro-apoptotic than the wild-type (WT) virus.
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9 |
20130137
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Here, it is reported that, although both WT and PR8-SH3-mf-1 viruses induced apoptosis, the PR8-SH3-mf-1 virus consistently showed greater potential to induce mitochondrial membrane disruption, cytochrome c release, and translocation and conformational change of Bax than the WT virus.
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10 |
20130137
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Furthermore, the PR8-SH3-mf-1 virus was unable to phosphorylate apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) but induced higher levels of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation than the WT virus.
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11 |
20130137
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Blocking JNK activity could inhibit virus-induced Bax activation and apoptosis.
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12 |
20130137
|
These results reveal that, during influenza A virus infection, the PI3K/Akt pathway negatively regulates the JNK pathway via ASK1, thereby inhibiting JNK-dependent, Bax-mediated apoptosis.
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13 |
20130137
|
The PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits influenza A virus-induced Bax-mediated apoptosis by negatively regulating the JNK pathway via ASK1.
|
14 |
20130137
|
It has previously been reported that influenza A virus infection activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway.
|
15 |
20130137
|
In addition, it has been shown that the mutant influenza A virus PR8-SH3-mf-1, which is unable to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, is more pro-apoptotic than the wild-type (WT) virus.
|
16 |
20130137
|
Here, it is reported that, although both WT and PR8-SH3-mf-1 viruses induced apoptosis, the PR8-SH3-mf-1 virus consistently showed greater potential to induce mitochondrial membrane disruption, cytochrome c release, and translocation and conformational change of Bax than the WT virus.
|
17 |
20130137
|
Furthermore, the PR8-SH3-mf-1 virus was unable to phosphorylate apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) but induced higher levels of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation than the WT virus.
|
18 |
20130137
|
Blocking JNK activity could inhibit virus-induced Bax activation and apoptosis.
|
19 |
20130137
|
These results reveal that, during influenza A virus infection, the PI3K/Akt pathway negatively regulates the JNK pathway via ASK1, thereby inhibiting JNK-dependent, Bax-mediated apoptosis.
|
20 |
20130137
|
The PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits influenza A virus-induced Bax-mediated apoptosis by negatively regulating the JNK pathway via ASK1.
|
21 |
20130137
|
It has previously been reported that influenza A virus infection activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway.
|
22 |
20130137
|
In addition, it has been shown that the mutant influenza A virus PR8-SH3-mf-1, which is unable to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, is more pro-apoptotic than the wild-type (WT) virus.
|
23 |
20130137
|
Here, it is reported that, although both WT and PR8-SH3-mf-1 viruses induced apoptosis, the PR8-SH3-mf-1 virus consistently showed greater potential to induce mitochondrial membrane disruption, cytochrome c release, and translocation and conformational change of Bax than the WT virus.
|
24 |
20130137
|
Furthermore, the PR8-SH3-mf-1 virus was unable to phosphorylate apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) but induced higher levels of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation than the WT virus.
|
25 |
20130137
|
Blocking JNK activity could inhibit virus-induced Bax activation and apoptosis.
|
26 |
20130137
|
These results reveal that, during influenza A virus infection, the PI3K/Akt pathway negatively regulates the JNK pathway via ASK1, thereby inhibiting JNK-dependent, Bax-mediated apoptosis.
|