Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: NRSN1

Gene name: neurensin 1

HGNC ID: 17881

Synonyms: p24

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ARHGEF2	1 hits
2	ATP6V1E1	1 hits
3	B2M	1 hits
4	CCL3	1 hits
5	CCL4	1 hits
6	CCL5	1 hits
7	CD151	1 hits
8	CD207	1 hits
9	CD4	1 hits
10	CD40LG	1 hits
11	CD79A	1 hits
12	CD8A	1 hits
13	CD9	1 hits
14	CDKN2A	1 hits
15	CLEC9A	1 hits
16	DCTN5	1 hits
17	ENPEP	1 hits
18	ERAP1	1 hits
19	ERG	1 hits
20	ERVWE1	1 hits
21	EXOSC3	1 hits
22	FLNB	1 hits
23	FLOT2	1 hits
24	HLA-A	1 hits
25	HSPA1A	1 hits
26	HSPA8	1 hits
27	IFNG	1 hits
28	IL2	1 hits
29	IL4	1 hits
30	IV	1 hits
31	LY75	1 hits
32	MAPK1	1 hits
33	MIP	1 hits
34	MRPL28	1 hits
35	NEUROD1	1 hits
36	NPPA	1 hits
37	PI15	1 hits
38	PIK3R3	1 hits
39	PLG	1 hits
40	POLD4	1 hits
41	POLE3	1 hits
42	PSMD9	1 hits
43	PTPN11	1 hits
44	S100B	1 hits
45	SHC1	1 hits
46	TH1L	1 hits
47	TLR3	1 hits
48	TLR4	1 hits
49	TLR6	1 hits
50	VHLL	1 hits
51	YME1L1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	1326145	We now report that the cell surface gag p24 antigen expression is a universal phenomenon among HIV-1, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).
2	1326145	The p24 antigen expression on the cell surface was detectable in certain combinations of virus-host cell systems in all of these viruses.
3	1326145	We now report that the cell surface gag p24 antigen expression is a universal phenomenon among HIV-1, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).
4	1326145	The p24 antigen expression on the cell surface was detectable in certain combinations of virus-host cell systems in all of these viruses.
5	1456888	However, complete processing of p55 into p24, p17, p9 and p6 abolished particle formation.
6	1466952	Phase I/II studies of the toxicity and immunogenicity of recombinant gp160 and p24 vaccines in HIV-infected individuals.
7	1548743	The two most abundant variants of p24 and p17 represented at least 50% +/- 5% and 20% +/- 5% of their totals, respectively.
8	1548743	These data suggest heterogeneity in the virus population, with 50% of the total virus containing the most abundant forms of p17 and p24 and 20% of the virus containing the second most abundant forms.
9	1548743	The two most abundant variants of p24 and p17 represented at least 50% +/- 5% and 20% +/- 5% of their totals, respectively.
10	1548743	These data suggest heterogeneity in the virus population, with 50% of the total virus containing the most abundant forms of p17 and p24 and 20% of the virus containing the second most abundant forms.
11	1710549	The determination of T cell epitopes was carried out using T lymphocytes from infected rats, and from ESA and P24 expression vaccine virus immunized rats.
12	1723735	The outer envelope glycoprotein gp51 and the core protein p24 of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), were purified from culture media of FLK-BLV cells by a single-step procedure, using immunoaffinity chromatography based on monoclonal antibodies to the respective proteins.
13	1723735	The p24 antigen is therefore useful for discriminating between BLV-infected animals and those immunized with a gp51 subunit vaccine.
14	1723735	The outer envelope glycoprotein gp51 and the core protein p24 of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), were purified from culture media of FLK-BLV cells by a single-step procedure, using immunoaffinity chromatography based on monoclonal antibodies to the respective proteins.
15	1723735	The p24 antigen is therefore useful for discriminating between BLV-infected animals and those immunized with a gp51 subunit vaccine.
16	2094814	The protein was accumulated on the cell membranes suggesting that it had a myristylated N-terminus, and was cleaved by a recombinant virus specific protease with the formation of two proteins, p17 and p24 corresponding in molecular masses to mature gag proteins.
17	2125683	Kinetics of p24 antigenemia, IgM, IgG antibodies to p24 and p41 and Ig virus isolation in rabbits experimentally infected with HIV-1.
18	2125683	HIV p24 antigen was detected ten-fifteen days after infection, reaching peak value five-six weeks later.
19	2125683	Kinetics of p24 antigenemia, IgM, IgG antibodies to p24 and p41 and Ig virus isolation in rabbits experimentally infected with HIV-1.
20	2125683	HIV p24 antigen was detected ten-fifteen days after infection, reaching peak value five-six weeks later.
21	2127683	The latter gains some support from our finding of antibody reactions with capsid proteins of the simian viruses, simian sarcoma-associated virus (SSAV), and Mason-Pfizer monkey retrovirus in some of the p24 +/- p55 reactive sera.
22	2161419	The test uses p24 antigen purified from concentrated cell culture supernate by lectin-affinity chromatography and gel filtration.
23	2230270	The most common bands were p24 (47%), p55 (34%), and p66 (36%); envelope bands were unusual (gp41, 2%; gp120, 2%).
24	2257052	In the iscoms the HIV structural proteins MA p17, p55 and TM gp41 were identified; SU gp120 was present in only minute amounts in the virus lysate.
25	2257052	Major humoral responses were observed to the viral structural proteins MA p17, CA p24, p55, and also to TM gp41.
26	2479031	The latter contained functional reverse transcriptase as well as processed p24 and p17 gag polypeptides.
27	2498082	With the use of a sensitive sequence comparison algorithm, a homology has been suggested between the primary structures of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) p24 core protein and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMD) VP2 coat protein.
28	2536094	The vaccinia virus vectors induced appropriate HIV proteins (envelope glycoproteins gp160, gp120, and gp41 or gag proteins p55, p40, p24, and p17) in infected lymphoblastoid cell lines as demonstrated by radioimmunoprecipitation and syncytia formation with c8166 cells.
29	2560858	By WB and competitive WB assays, bovine sera that were ELISA-positive to BLV reacted with one or more of p12, p15, and p24 of BLV, and with only p24 of HTLV-I.
30	2560858	Human sera that were ELISA-positive to HTLV-I reacted with p12 and p24 of BLV, and with one or more of p12, p15, p19, and p24 of HTLV-I.
31	2560858	By WB and competitive WB assays, bovine sera that were ELISA-positive to BLV reacted with one or more of p12, p15, and p24 of BLV, and with only p24 of HTLV-I.
32	2560858	Human sera that were ELISA-positive to HTLV-I reacted with p12 and p24 of BLV, and with one or more of p12, p15, p19, and p24 of HTLV-I.
33	3010464	Reverse transcriptase activity and expression of the HTLV-III/LAV antigens p15 and p24 were inhibited by purified immunoglobulin G preparations of antisera to thymosin alpha 1.
34	3166553	Sera from chimpanzees inoculated respectively with HTLV-III B, LAV, HTLV-III RF and brain tissue from an AIDS patient were analysed for neutralizing activity by two methods: a cell fusion inhibition test (CFI) using HTLV-III B infected cells as inoculum and CD4+ cells as target and a replication inhibition test (RIT) using cell-free HTLV-III B as well as HTLV-III RF as inoculum and also CD4+ cells as target.
35	3166553	All chimpanzees seroconverted for HTLV-III B antibodies within 2 months after inoculation and the ten sera included in the study recognized the HTLV-III B core proteins p17 and p24 and the transmembrane protein gp41 by immunoblotting.
36	3300461	Factors and markers that may be important in the outcome or that may predict progression of HIV infection are genetic (Gc type), environmental (nutritional status or intercurrent sexually transmitted diseases sustained by the host), and immunologic (rate of decline in number and impairment of function of CD4 lymphocytes and of decline in antibody titers to HIV core protein, p24).
37	6238896	Elution with buffer at two different pH values separated HBsAg into two fractions: one contained high amounts of immune complexes associated with HBsAg; the other contained larger quantities of the HBsAg polypeptides P24 and GP27 and only small amounts of immunoglobulin.
38	7483805	Immunogenicity of the yeast recombinant p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP) in healthy volunteers.
39	7521391	Proliferation assays performed with the purified major core protein p24 indicated that this protein has to be processed through a chloroquine-sensitive compartment before being recognized by CD4+ T lymphocytes.
40	7537750	This deleted gag gene allowed in a second time the insertion of a synthetic oligonucleotide cassette encoding the North American/European consensus PND precisely in place of the p24 epitope.
41	7774051	In vitro lymphoproliferative responses to HIV-1 recombinant antigens (gp160, p24, and Rev protein) were studied in 83 patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infection (CDC groups II and III) and circulating CD4 lymphocyte numbers > 400/mm3.
42	7910207	The markers included HIV-1 DNA, HIV-1 RNA, CD4 percent, p24 antibody, and lymphocyte proliferation.
43	8267904	Immunization of human HIV-seronegative volunteers with recombinant p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles elicits HIV-1 p24-specific cellular and humoral immune responses.
44	8292967	Coli-PB-1; a chimera containing parts of both p24 and p15 expressed in E. coli-GAG; and baculovirus gp160 cloned in baculovirus and produced in insect cells.
45	8292967	Sera from mice immunized with PB1-iscoms and gp160 (baculo) iscoms were tested in a syncytie inhibition assay.
46	8543845	Covalent linkage of hsp70 to p24 was essential to elicit immune responses to p24 under these conditions.
47	8648205	Of subjects receiving rgp160, 98% developed lymphocyte-proliferative responses to the immunogen, 33% to a different envelope protein, and 56% and 60% to p24 and p66, respectively.
48	8843231	Immunization with recombinant p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons.
49	8843231	In HIV-negative persons, immunization with HIV-1 p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP) induced humoral and cellular immune responses to p24.
50	8843231	This construct was therefore studied as a potential immunotherapeutic agent with the objective of augmenting the immune response to p24 in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 74 p24 antibody-positive, asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 cell counts > 350/mm3.
51	8843231	Immunization with p24-VLP did not increase p24 antibody levels and had no effect on CD4 cell counts or virus load.
52	8843231	Immunization with recombinant p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons.
53	8843231	In HIV-negative persons, immunization with HIV-1 p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP) induced humoral and cellular immune responses to p24.
54	8843231	This construct was therefore studied as a potential immunotherapeutic agent with the objective of augmenting the immune response to p24 in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 74 p24 antibody-positive, asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 cell counts > 350/mm3.
55	8843231	Immunization with p24-VLP did not increase p24 antibody levels and had no effect on CD4 cell counts or virus load.
56	8843231	Immunization with recombinant p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons.
57	8843231	In HIV-negative persons, immunization with HIV-1 p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP) induced humoral and cellular immune responses to p24.
58	8843231	This construct was therefore studied as a potential immunotherapeutic agent with the objective of augmenting the immune response to p24 in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 74 p24 antibody-positive, asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 cell counts > 350/mm3.
59	8843231	Immunization with p24-VLP did not increase p24 antibody levels and had no effect on CD4 cell counts or virus load.
60	8843231	Immunization with recombinant p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons.
61	8843231	In HIV-negative persons, immunization with HIV-1 p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP) induced humoral and cellular immune responses to p24.
62	8843231	This construct was therefore studied as a potential immunotherapeutic agent with the objective of augmenting the immune response to p24 in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 74 p24 antibody-positive, asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 cell counts > 350/mm3.
63	8843231	Immunization with p24-VLP did not increase p24 antibody levels and had no effect on CD4 cell counts or virus load.
64	8877133	Differential effects of interleukin-12, interleukin-15, and interleukin-2 on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vitro.
65	8877133	The effect of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-15 on in vitro HIV-1 replication was investigated.
66	8877133	IL-12 and IL-15 at doses up to 10 ng/ml had little effect on basal HIV-1 p24 antigen production by chronically HIV-infected T (ACH-2) and monocytic (U1) cell lines.
67	8877133	For ACH-2 cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 50 ng/ml), IL-12 and IL-15 significantly increased p24 antigen production by 20 and 30%, respectively (n = 6).
68	8877133	In contrast, IL-12 and IL-15 (10 ng/ml) treatment of PMA-stimulated U1 cells decreased p24 antigen production by 16 and 15%, respectively (n = 6).
69	8877133	We next studied the effect of IL-12 and IL-15 on HIV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
70	8877133	In 10 HIV-seropositive patients' PBMCs cocultured with mitogen-activated HIV-seronegative donor cells, two patterns of p24 antigen production were observed in response to IL-2: low (p24 antigen production < 10(3) pg/ml; n = 8) and high (p24 antigen production > 10(3) pg/ml; n = 2) response.
71	8877133	For the low-response pattern, IL-12 and IL-15 increased viral replication by 97-fold and 100-fold, respectively (P = 0.05 and 0.004, respectively).
72	8877133	For the high-response pattern, both IL-12 and IL-15 suppressed HIV replication.
73	8877133	The effect of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 on acute in vitro infection by HIV-1JRCSF was also examined.
74	8877133	IL-12 did not increase p24 antigen production above basal levels while IL-2 and IL-15 significantly enhanced p24 antigen production (by approximately 2-fold).
75	8877133	In conclusion, IL-12 and IL-15 may have differential effects on latent and acute HIV infection, and their ability to enhance HIV production may depend on cell activation.
76	8970472	Plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA, p24 antigen, antibodies to HIV-1 structural genes, beta-2 microglobulin, neopterin, and interferon-alpha were measured at four time points: (a) the last seronegative visit, (b) the first seropositive visit, (c) the visit closest to AIDS (or the corresponding visit for the non-RPs) and (d) 6 years after seroconversion (for non-RPs).
77	8970472	At the first seropositive visit, RPs had significantly higher concentrations of plasma HIV-1 RNA (p < 0.01) and prevalence of p24 antigenemia (p < 0.001) and significantly lower levels of antibodies to the HIV-1 gag proteins p17 and p24 (p < 0.01-0.001) compared with non-RPs.
78	8970472	Antibodies to p66 and gp120 were significantly different only at the visit closet to AIDS (p < 0.001), as were beta-2 microglobulin and interferon alpha.
79	8970472	Plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA, p24 antigen, antibodies to HIV-1 structural genes, beta-2 microglobulin, neopterin, and interferon-alpha were measured at four time points: (a) the last seronegative visit, (b) the first seropositive visit, (c) the visit closest to AIDS (or the corresponding visit for the non-RPs) and (d) 6 years after seroconversion (for non-RPs).
80	8970472	At the first seropositive visit, RPs had significantly higher concentrations of plasma HIV-1 RNA (p < 0.01) and prevalence of p24 antigenemia (p < 0.001) and significantly lower levels of antibodies to the HIV-1 gag proteins p17 and p24 (p < 0.01-0.001) compared with non-RPs.
81	8970472	Antibodies to p66 and gp120 were significantly different only at the visit closet to AIDS (p < 0.001), as were beta-2 microglobulin and interferon alpha.
82	9075480	Gag-specific immune responses after immunization with p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles in HIV type 1-seropositive individuals.
83	9075480	Gag-specific immune responses and changes in HIV-1 RNA levels were evaluated in eight HIV-1-infected persons, in order to assess the immunotherapeutic potential HIV-1 p17/p24: Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP).
84	9075480	Three of four individuals who received either 500 or 1,000 micrograms of p24-VLP also showed proliferative responses to p17 or p24 (SI, 2.0-15.7).
85	9075480	Gag-specific immune responses after immunization with p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles in HIV type 1-seropositive individuals.
86	9075480	Gag-specific immune responses and changes in HIV-1 RNA levels were evaluated in eight HIV-1-infected persons, in order to assess the immunotherapeutic potential HIV-1 p17/p24: Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP).
87	9075480	Three of four individuals who received either 500 or 1,000 micrograms of p24-VLP also showed proliferative responses to p17 or p24 (SI, 2.0-15.7).
88	9075480	Gag-specific immune responses after immunization with p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles in HIV type 1-seropositive individuals.
89	9075480	Gag-specific immune responses and changes in HIV-1 RNA levels were evaluated in eight HIV-1-infected persons, in order to assess the immunotherapeutic potential HIV-1 p17/p24: Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP).
90	9075480	Three of four individuals who received either 500 or 1,000 micrograms of p24-VLP also showed proliferative responses to p17 or p24 (SI, 2.0-15.7).
91	9459393	A pilot phase II study of the safety and immunogenicity of HIV p17/p24:VLP (p24-VLP) in asymptomatic HIV seropositive subjects.
92	9459393	Patients were followed for 16 weeks post vaccination and the main outcome assessments were CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts, p24 antigen and antibody, Ty antibody and quantitative viral cultures.
93	9605982	Furthermore, p24 antigen-stimulated beta-chemokine production (RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta) was also augmented after immunization with the HIV-1 immunogen but not influenza vaccine.
94	9607019	The data confirm the presence of virally encoded proteins p6, p7, pI15, p17, p24, p32, pI39Gag, gp41, pp55Gag, p66/51, Vpr, Vif and Nef.
95	9863243	According to the protein sequence of HCV-BK and its epitope profiles which combined the hydrophilicity, accessibility, flexibility, antigenicity, charge distribution and HPLC reserve coefficient of protein using the "Goldkey" computer program, we designed and synthesized the following peptides: P1(475-495), P3(449-468), P4(658-663), P5(645-663), P6(484-489), P7(475-489), P15(655-662), P16(230-237), P17(225-237), P18(1220-1240), P19(1694-1735), P24(1230-1240), P25(1482-1493), P26(384-389), P27(2355-2389).
96	9987177	Vaccination with HIV-1 p24 antigen fused to mycobacterial heat shock protein (Hsp) Hsp71 enhances p24-specific immunity, as measured by p24-specific antibody production and in vitro cell proliferation and cytokine induction.
97	9987177	An NP fusion protein made with glutathione-S-transferase failed to elicit NP-specific CTL, indicating that the phenomenon requires Hsp65 sequences.
98	10223338	Animals immunized with these gag particles produced high titer antibodies and Western blot analyses showed that anti-gag pr45 rabbit sera react with p17, p24 and p55 gag proteins of HIV-1.
99	10699327	In contrast to the observations with gp120, immunization in baboons with PLG/p24 in MF59 induced significantly enhanced antibody responses after boosting, in comparison to immunization with MF59 alone + p24.
100	11287569	Lymphoproliferative responses to this panel of peptides, as well as to the HIV-1 p24 and p66 proteins, were evaluated with a cohort of 31 HIV-1-infected patients.
101	11385619	In a study of CTL responses in clade A-infected Gambians, using cytotoxicity, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) and HLA-B53-peptide tetramer assays, we identified three HLA-B53-restricted epitopes in HIV-1 gag p24.
102	11509876	Both proteins of HDV (HDAg p24 and p27), which differ only in the C-terminal amino acid sequence, have been used as vaccine candidates.
103	11509876	Vaccinations with vaccinia virus expressing HDAg p24 or p27 and DNA immunization with vectors expressing p24 were also not able to induce a protective immune response, but seemed to modulate the course of HDV superinfection.
104	11509876	Both proteins of HDV (HDAg p24 and p27), which differ only in the C-terminal amino acid sequence, have been used as vaccine candidates.
105	11509876	Vaccinations with vaccinia virus expressing HDAg p24 or p27 and DNA immunization with vectors expressing p24 were also not able to induce a protective immune response, but seemed to modulate the course of HDV superinfection.
106	11595294	In this study, the proliferative responses to HIV p24, p55 and gp120 were evaluated in infected subjects.
107	11679156	Furthermore, IgG2 directed against Gag proteins was significantly associated with HIV-1 p24-specific Th1 cell production of interferon gamma and interleukin 2.
108	11761248	The low content of wild-type HIV (wt-HIV) in infected plasma can be chaperoned by dendritic cells through their DC-SIGN receptor for gp120 and efficiently expanded in co-culture with CD4-enriched cell substrate in a medium containing human AB serum as a substitute for foetal calf serum.
109	11761248	Immunochemical quantification of the gp120, gp41, p24 and p31 antigen content of HIVAX ensures consistency of the product, and safety is ensured by failure to amplify HIV nucleic acid sequences by RT-PCR and to demonstrate infectivity in animal models.
110	11836398	Of the 14 patients who completed vaccination, 13 had significant increases in anti-gp120 or anti-p24 antibody titers, and 9 had transient augmentation of their T-cell proliferation responses to gp160 and/or p24.
111	11836408	The ELISPOT assay was used to detect gamma interferon-secreting PBMC after stimulation with overlapping HIV-1 peptides spanning the Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins in addition to the baculovirus-derived p24 and gp160 proteins.
112	11983261	It consists of a consensus clade A gag p24/p17 and a string of clade A-derived CTL epitopes.
113	12009290	Long-term follow-up: no effect of therapeutic vaccination with HIV-1 p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles on HIV-1 disease progression.
114	12009290	Long-term effects of therapeutic vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected subjects with HIV-1 p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP) on progression to AIDS, death, a CD4 cell count <or=200 cells/mm(3) and CD4 cell count decline were studied in a multicenter cohort study of 56 individuals who participated in a phase II double-blind placebo-controlled trial with p24-VLP in 1993.
115	12009290	Long-term follow-up: no effect of therapeutic vaccination with HIV-1 p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles on HIV-1 disease progression.
116	12009290	Long-term effects of therapeutic vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected subjects with HIV-1 p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP) on progression to AIDS, death, a CD4 cell count <or=200 cells/mm(3) and CD4 cell count decline were studied in a multicenter cohort study of 56 individuals who participated in a phase II double-blind placebo-controlled trial with p24-VLP in 1993.
117	12153518	Supernants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assayed from newborns at 4 weeks of age for HIV-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), HIV-specific regulated on activation, normal, T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES), and serum for p24 antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) production.
118	12153518	In the animals whose pregnant mothers were immunized and were also immunized during the neonatal period, we observed HIV-specific IFN-gamma production and HIV-specific RANTES production, but weak p24 IgG antibody production.
119	12153518	Animals immunized only during the neonatal period developed the highest levels of HIV-specific IFN-gamma production, but somewhat lower levels of HIV-specific RANTES and p24 IgG antibody production.
120	12153518	The group of animals whose mothers had received immunizations during the last trimester of pregnancy, but were not immunized during the neonatal period, developed the strongest p24 IgG antibody levels, but little or undetectable HIV-specific IFN-gamma or RANTES production.
121	12421957	Immunization with apoptotic HIV-1/MuLV-infected syngeneic splenocytes resulted in strong Nef-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation and p24-induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation as well as IFN-gamma production.
122	12487807	To ensure optimal exposure of the immunogen to the antigen-presenting cells (APCs), the vaccine was given intradermally together with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
123	12487807	Responses to the immunization protocol were determined by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, interferon gamma-secreting cells in the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay, and antibody production to the p24 protein and the peptides.
124	12553687	Different vaccine strategies are currently being tested, including a whole killed virus preparation (Remune), a yeast virus-like particle (p24 VLP), whole antigen preparations (VaxSyn), canarypox immunogens (ALVAC) and DNA plasmids.
125	12744856	To improve immune responses induced by DNA immunization, murine polyomavirus major capsid protein (VP1) pseudocapsids were complexed with a DNA plasmid encoding the p37 (p24 and p17) nucleocapsid proteins of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
126	12890627	Gross gene defects were not detected, but the state of replication incompetence was attributed to the presence of stop codons in the structural genes gag p17 and p24 and in pol RT, which emerged as a consequence of G-A hypermutation.
127	14641916	The V3-gp41, gp41 peptide and p17 and p24 peptides separately or in a cocktail were entrapped with or without MA729 as an immunoadjuvant in liposomes or ISCOMs.
128	14641916	T-cell supernatants contained high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2.
129	14764689	Proliferating and HIV-infected CD4(+) memory T cells were more frequently detected in conjugates of LC and autologous CD4(+) T cells, suggesting that T cells become activated and preferentially get infected through cluster formation with infected LC, rather than getting infected with free virus produced by single HIV-infected LC or T cells. p24(+) Memory CD4(+) T cells proliferated well in the absence of superantigen; by contrast, p24(+) T cells did not divide or divided only once in the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, suggesting that virus production was rapid and induced apoptosis in these cells before significant proliferation could occur.
130	15039533	The vaccines expressed a common immunogen, HIVA, which consists of consensus HIV-1 clade A Gag p24/p17 proteins fused to a string of clade A-derived epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).
131	15383595	Ten epitopic regions were identified across p17, p24, and p2p7p1p6, and greater than two-thirds of targeted regions were directed at: TGTEELRSLYNTVATLY (p17, 35%); GPKEPFRDYVDRFFKTLRAEQATQDV (p24, 19%); and RGGKLDKWEKIRLRPGGKKHYMLKHL (p17, 15%).
132	15383595	Fine epitope mapping revealed that five of nine identified optimal Gag epitopes were novel: HLVWASREL, LVWASRELERF, LYNTVATLY, PFRDYVDRFF, and TLRAEQATQD, and were restricted by unique HLA-Cw08, HLA-A30/B57, HLA-A29/B44, and HLA-Cw03 alleles, respectively.
133	15659758	Four regions of the BDV genome were analysed: the complete p40, p10 and p24 genes and the 5'-untranslated region of the X/P transcript.
134	15795531	The HLA-B57 allele family is associated with slow progression to disease in HIV-1-infected individuals and restricts a potent CD8 response against the p24 protein.
135	15795531	This study was designed to assess the sequence variation and the CD8 response against B57-restricted epitopes of the p24 protein in a cohort of HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals possessing a high frequency of the B5703 allele.
136	15795531	CD8 responses were assessed by interferon-gamma ELISPOT assay directly from PBMC using synthetic peptides matching the autologous virus as well as the peptides representing the sequence variants circulating within the B5703 individuals.
137	15795531	The HLA-B57 allele family is associated with slow progression to disease in HIV-1-infected individuals and restricts a potent CD8 response against the p24 protein.
138	15795531	This study was designed to assess the sequence variation and the CD8 response against B57-restricted epitopes of the p24 protein in a cohort of HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals possessing a high frequency of the B5703 allele.
139	15795531	CD8 responses were assessed by interferon-gamma ELISPOT assay directly from PBMC using synthetic peptides matching the autologous virus as well as the peptides representing the sequence variants circulating within the B5703 individuals.
140	16112909	The rGM-CSF was crucial for inducing both antibodies and antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell responses against both gp160 and p24.
141	16112909	Overall, the results indicate that the intradermal delivery of multigene/multisubtype HIV DNA in combination with recombinant GM-CSF is a safe and efficacious strategy for inducing high levels of specific CD8(+) T cells and unusually high titers of antibodies.
142	16176847	DNA- and modified virus Ankara (MVA)-vectored candidate vaccines expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade A-derived p24/p17 gag fused to a string of HLA class I epitopes, called HIVA, were tested in phase I trials in healthy, HIV-1/2-uninfected adults in Oxford, United Kingdom.
143	16221513	Compared to HIV-IFA alone, immunization with HIV-IFA and HYB2055 combination elicited strong production of HIV- and p24-specific IFNgamma, RANTES, MIP 1alpha, and MIP 1beta, as well as high titers of HIV- and p24-specific antibodies.
144	16505141	DEC-205-targeted HIV gag p24 or p41 induces stronger CD4+ T cell immunity relative to high doses of gag protein, HIV gag plasmid DNA, or recombinant adenovirus-gag.
145	16505141	High frequencies of interferon (IFN)-gamma- and interleukin 2-producing CD4+ T cells are elicited, including double cytokine-producing cells.
146	16505141	After subcutaneous vaccination, CD4+ and IFN-gamma-dependent protection develops to a challenge with recombinant vaccinia-gag virus at a mucosal surface, the airway.
147	16519915	An interaction analysis showed a synergy in that lower proviral DNA and lower plasma RNA load were associated with high Gag p24-specific IFN-gamma-secreting T cell response (interaction test P = 0.0003).
148	16563545	Moreover, p24/PLA nanoparticles elicited strong CTL responses and a Th1-biased cytokine release (IFNgamma, IL-2) in mice. p24 protein seemed to generate a more Th1-oriented response when administered coated onto the surface of PLA nanoparticles than adjuvanted with Freund's adjuvant.
149	16563545	Most importantly, the ability of p24/PLA particles to induce Th1 responses was also confirmed in the macaque model, since high levels of IFNgamma-producing CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells could be detected by the ELISPOT assay.
150	16563545	Moreover, p24/PLA nanoparticles elicited strong CTL responses and a Th1-biased cytokine release (IFNgamma, IL-2) in mice. p24 protein seemed to generate a more Th1-oriented response when administered coated onto the surface of PLA nanoparticles than adjuvanted with Freund's adjuvant.
151	16563545	Most importantly, the ability of p24/PLA particles to induce Th1 responses was also confirmed in the macaque model, since high levels of IFNgamma-producing CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells could be detected by the ELISPOT assay.
152	16641265	A double-blind randomized phase I trial was conducted in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-negative subjects receiving vaccines vectored by plasmid DNA and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing HIV-1 p24/p17 gag linked to a string of CD8(+) T-cell epitopes.
153	16641265	Using a highly sensitive and reproducible cultured IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay, positive responses mainly mediated by CD4(+) T cells were detected in eight out of eight vaccinees in the pTHr.HIVA-MVA.HIVA group and four out of eight vaccinees in the 2x MVA.HIVA group.
154	16929598	The sera from HIVREPOL-vaccinated mice recognized the proteins gp41, p24, p55 of cultured HIV1 on "New-Lay-Blot1" strips.
155	16942489	As IFN-gamma production correlates to cytotoxic function, the CD8+ T-lymphocyte IFN-gamma response to HIV p24 peptides was compared in HIV(ES) and HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals.
156	16942489	Almost 40% of the HIV(ES) had a CD8+ IFN-gamma+ response that was five times lower in magnitude than that of the HIV+ group.
157	16942489	In the HIV+ group, low peripheral CD4+ counts negatively influenced the number of CD8+ cells producing IFN-gamma, which may undermine the ability to control HIV.
158	16942489	Overall, many of the HIV(ES) women possess a HIV-1 p24-specific CD8+ IFN-gamma response, providing evidence to the specificity needed for an effective HIV vaccine.
159	17013989	Virus-specific CD4+ T cells with IL-2-secreting and/or proliferative capacity are detected readily in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors and rarely in persons with untreated progressive infection.
160	17013989	We determined the effect of vaccination with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing HIV-1 gag p24/p17 (MVA.HIVA) on HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses in 16 chronically infected, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated subjects using CD8-depleted IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays, intracellular cytokine staining assays for IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and a CFSE-based proliferation assay.
161	17013989	The frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing IL-2 or IFN-gamma, alone or simultaneously, were also augmented.
162	17147504	In this study, we generated vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) glycoprotein (G) pseudotyped HIV-1-derived pseudovirions that contain a codonoptimized p17/p24 HIV-1 gag or the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene as transgene.
163	17177796	We describe the engineering of a human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) p24-immunoglobulin A (IgA) antigen-antibody fusion molecule for therapeutic purposes and its enhancing effect on fused antigen expression in tobacco plants.
164	17229838	DEC-205 receptor on dendritic cells mediates presentation of HIV gag protein to CD8+ T cells in a spectrum of human MHC I haplotypes.
165	17229838	Optimal HIV vaccines should elicit CD8+ T cells specific for HIV proteins presented on MHC class I products, because these T cells contribute to host resistance to viruses.
166	17229838	To extend this finding to humans, we introduced the HIV p24 gag protein into a mAb that targets DEC-205/CD205, an endocytic receptor of DCs.
167	17229838	We then assessed cross-presentation, which is the processing of nonreplicating internalized antigen onto MHC class I for recognition by CD8+ T cells.
168	17229838	Low doses of alphaDEC-gag, but not control Ig-gag, stimulated proliferation and IFN-gamma production by CD8+ T cells isolated from the blood of HIV-infected donors. alphaCD205 fusion mAb was more effective for cross-presentation than alphaCD209/DC-SIGN, another abundant DC uptake receptor.
169	17229838	Our results, based on humans with highly polymorphic MHC products, reveal that DCs and DEC-205 can cross-present several different peptides from a single protein.
170	17328232	The vaccination strategy consists of priming with a DNA vaccine made from HIV-1 clade A gag p24/p17 consensus sequence (pTHr.HIVA) then boosting with a MVA virus expressing HIVA (MVA.HIVA).
171	17725421	While peptides that were most frequently recognized by the CTL response in Nef and p24 tended to be conserved, this was not the case for p17 where epitope recognition coincided with highly variable regions.
172	17725421	Only 52% of the Nef peptides and 64% of the Gag peptides that elicited a CTL response contained sequence motifs thought to be required for binding by the HLA-A or -B alleles found in the corresponding patient.
173	18177249	Several HIV-1 CD8(+) T cell escape variants were identified within maternal plasma viral p17 and p24 sequences that were either not detected or did not persist in the plasma of their non-HLA-matched HIV-1-infected infants.
174	18177249	Viruses constructed with each of these mutations demonstrated reduced viral replication in vitro and reduced expression of p17 and p24 proteins compared with wild type.
175	18177249	Several HIV-1 CD8(+) T cell escape variants were identified within maternal plasma viral p17 and p24 sequences that were either not detected or did not persist in the plasma of their non-HLA-matched HIV-1-infected infants.
176	18177249	Viruses constructed with each of these mutations demonstrated reduced viral replication in vitro and reduced expression of p17 and p24 proteins compared with wild type.
177	18440674	Both vaccines, expressing HIV-1 subtype A gag p24/p17 and a string of CD8 T-cell epitopes (HIVA), were generally safe and well-tolerated.
178	18479789	Cross-clade immune responses to Gag p24 in patients infected with different HIV-1 subtypes and correlation with HLA class I and II alleles.
179	18855656	Currently, most of the vaccine candidates in clinical trials were developed to stimulate HIV-1-specific CD8+ cytotoxic (CTL) and CD4+ T helper (Th) lymphocytes.
180	18855656	According to our studies in mice, the nasal-subcutaneous co-administration of this multiantigenic formulation induces a strong Th1-biased specific response against CR3, CD8+ T cells in mice spleen and IFN-gamma-secreting cells in mesenteric lymph nodes.
181	18855656	Cross-reactive p24-specific IFN-gamma-secreting cells in spleen were also detected.
182	19023406	We then apply our approach to a large, clinically-derived dataset of Gag p17 and p24 sequences from a multicenter cohort of 1144 HIV-infected individuals from British Columbia, Canada (predominantly HIV-1 clade B) and Durban, South Africa (predominantly HIV-1 clade C).
183	19412183	We show here that CTL immunodominance in regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group-associated antigen proteins p17 and p24 correlated with epitope abundance, which was strongly influenced by proteasomal digestion profiles, affinity for the transporter protein TAP, and trimming mediated by the endoplasmatic reticulum aminopeptidase ERAAP, and was moderately influenced by HLA affinity.
184	19549607	Serum IgG and IgA antibodies directed against gp160, p24, or Nef were also produced regardless of immunization route used.
185	19549607	Neutralizing reactivity was also detected after s.c. and i.m. immunizations in the presence of the cytokine adjuvant granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
186	19585509	These vaccines employ novel immunogen HIVB-B5101 derived from consensus HIV-1 clade B Gag p17 and p24 regions coupled to two Pol-derived B5101-restricted epitopes, which are together with a third B*5101 epitope in Gag dominant in HIV-1-infected long-term non-progressing patients.
187	20034607	T cell responses to p24, as assessed by ELISPOT and by CD8+ T cells intracellular staining assays for IFNgamma, was on average 12- and 10-fold higher, respectively, in gp120(alphagal)/p24 immunized mice than in mice immunized with gp120/p24.
188	20600494	A test antigen, HIV-1 p24 (clade B consensus), was inserted near the 5' end of YF17D, in frame and upstream of the polyprotein (YF-5'/p24), or between the envelope and the first non-structural protein (YF-E/p24/NS1).
189	20600494	In vitro characterization of these recombinants indicated that the gene insert was more stable in the context of YF-E/p24/NS1.
190	20600494	CD8(+) IFN-gamma T-cell responses against p24 were elicited by the YF17D recombinants, as were specific CD4(+) T cells expressing IFN-gamma and IL-2.
191	20600494	A balanced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell response was notable, as was the polyfunctionality of the responding cells.
192	20600494	Finally, the protective efficacy of the YF17D recombinants, particularly YF-E/p24/NS1, in mice challenged with a vaccinia expressing HIV-1 Gag was demonstrated.
193	20600494	A test antigen, HIV-1 p24 (clade B consensus), was inserted near the 5' end of YF17D, in frame and upstream of the polyprotein (YF-5'/p24), or between the envelope and the first non-structural protein (YF-E/p24/NS1).
194	20600494	In vitro characterization of these recombinants indicated that the gene insert was more stable in the context of YF-E/p24/NS1.
195	20600494	CD8(+) IFN-gamma T-cell responses against p24 were elicited by the YF17D recombinants, as were specific CD4(+) T cells expressing IFN-gamma and IL-2.
196	20600494	A balanced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell response was notable, as was the polyfunctionality of the responding cells.
197	20600494	Finally, the protective efficacy of the YF17D recombinants, particularly YF-E/p24/NS1, in mice challenged with a vaccinia expressing HIV-1 Gag was demonstrated.
198	20600494	A test antigen, HIV-1 p24 (clade B consensus), was inserted near the 5' end of YF17D, in frame and upstream of the polyprotein (YF-5'/p24), or between the envelope and the first non-structural protein (YF-E/p24/NS1).
199	20600494	In vitro characterization of these recombinants indicated that the gene insert was more stable in the context of YF-E/p24/NS1.
200	20600494	CD8(+) IFN-gamma T-cell responses against p24 were elicited by the YF17D recombinants, as were specific CD4(+) T cells expressing IFN-gamma and IL-2.
201	20600494	A balanced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell response was notable, as was the polyfunctionality of the responding cells.
202	20600494	Finally, the protective efficacy of the YF17D recombinants, particularly YF-E/p24/NS1, in mice challenged with a vaccinia expressing HIV-1 Gag was demonstrated.
203	20837122	Similarly, Brij 700 was conjugated to HIV p24 antigen to yield Brij 700-p24 conjugate.
204	20870310	However, only the chimeric vaccine was able to enhance Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion in response to class II GAG peptide and to enhance IL-4-secreting cells against GAG peptides and p24 protein stimuli.
205	21262813	Comparable T helper 1 (Th1) and CD8 T-cell immunity by targeting HIV gag p24 to CD8 dendritic cells within antibodies to Langerin, DEC205, and Clec9A.
206	21262813	Here, we compared the capacity of Langerin/CD207, DEC205/CD205, and Clec9A receptors, each expressed on the CD8(+) DC subset in mice, to bring about immunization of microbial-specific T cells from the polyclonal repertoire, using HIV gag-p24 protein as an antigen. α-Langerin mAb targeted splenic CD8(+) DCs selectively in vivo, whereas α-DEC205 and α-Clec9A mAbs targeted additional cell types.
207	21262813	When the mAb heavy chains were engineered to express gag-p24, the α-Langerin, α-DEC205, and α-Clec9A fusion mAbs given along with a maturation stimulus induced comparable levels of gag-specific T helper 1 (Th1) and CD8(+) T cells in BALB/c × C57BL/6 F1 mice.
208	21262813	In an in vivo assay in which gag-primed T cells were used to report the early stages of T-cell responses, α-Langerin, α-DEC205, and α-Clec9A also mediated cross-presentation to primed CD8(+) T cells if, in parallel to antigen uptake, the DCs were stimulated with α-CD40. α-Langerin, α-DEC205, and α-Clec9A targeting greatly enhanced T-cell immunization relative to nonbinding control mAb or nontargeted HIV gag-p24 protein.
209	21443546	The HIV-1 capsid protein p24 and a fusion of p24 with the negative regulatory protein Nef (p24-Nef) accumulate to ∼4% and ∼40% of the total soluble protein of leaves of transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants.
210	21443546	Oral administration of a partially purified preparation of chloroplast-derived p24-Nef fusion protein, used as a booster after subcutaneous injection with either p24 or Nef, also elicited strong antigen-specific serum IgG responses.
211	21443546	These results indicate that chloroplast-derived HIV-1 p24-Nef is a promising candidate as a component of a subunit vaccine delivered by oral boosting, after subcutaneous priming by injection of p24 and/or Nef.
212	21443546	The HIV-1 capsid protein p24 and a fusion of p24 with the negative regulatory protein Nef (p24-Nef) accumulate to ∼4% and ∼40% of the total soluble protein of leaves of transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants.
213	21443546	Oral administration of a partially purified preparation of chloroplast-derived p24-Nef fusion protein, used as a booster after subcutaneous injection with either p24 or Nef, also elicited strong antigen-specific serum IgG responses.
214	21443546	These results indicate that chloroplast-derived HIV-1 p24-Nef is a promising candidate as a component of a subunit vaccine delivered by oral boosting, after subcutaneous priming by injection of p24 and/or Nef.
215	21443546	The HIV-1 capsid protein p24 and a fusion of p24 with the negative regulatory protein Nef (p24-Nef) accumulate to ∼4% and ∼40% of the total soluble protein of leaves of transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants.
216	21443546	Oral administration of a partially purified preparation of chloroplast-derived p24-Nef fusion protein, used as a booster after subcutaneous injection with either p24 or Nef, also elicited strong antigen-specific serum IgG responses.
217	21443546	These results indicate that chloroplast-derived HIV-1 p24-Nef is a promising candidate as a component of a subunit vaccine delivered by oral boosting, after subcutaneous priming by injection of p24 and/or Nef.
218	21467219	We compared in nonhuman primates (NHPs) immune responses to HIV Gag p24 within 3G9 antibody to DEC205 ("DEC-HIV Gag p24"), an uptake receptor on dendritic cells, to nontargeted protein, with or without poly ICLC, a synthetic double stranded RNA, as adjuvant.
219	21467219	Priming s.c. with 60 μg of both HIV Gag p24 vaccines elicited potent CD4(+) T cells secreting IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, which also proliferated.
220	21467219	DEC-HIV Gag p24 showed better cross-priming for CD8(+) T cells, whereas the avidity of anti-Gag antibodies was ∼10-fold higher with nontargeted Gag 24 protein.
221	21467219	Gag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses increased markedly after priming with both protein vaccines and poly ICLC.
222	21467219	We compared in nonhuman primates (NHPs) immune responses to HIV Gag p24 within 3G9 antibody to DEC205 ("DEC-HIV Gag p24"), an uptake receptor on dendritic cells, to nontargeted protein, with or without poly ICLC, a synthetic double stranded RNA, as adjuvant.
223	21467219	Priming s.c. with 60 μg of both HIV Gag p24 vaccines elicited potent CD4(+) T cells secreting IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, which also proliferated.
224	21467219	DEC-HIV Gag p24 showed better cross-priming for CD8(+) T cells, whereas the avidity of anti-Gag antibodies was ∼10-fold higher with nontargeted Gag 24 protein.
225	21467219	Gag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses increased markedly after priming with both protein vaccines and poly ICLC.
226	21467219	We compared in nonhuman primates (NHPs) immune responses to HIV Gag p24 within 3G9 antibody to DEC205 ("DEC-HIV Gag p24"), an uptake receptor on dendritic cells, to nontargeted protein, with or without poly ICLC, a synthetic double stranded RNA, as adjuvant.
227	21467219	Priming s.c. with 60 μg of both HIV Gag p24 vaccines elicited potent CD4(+) T cells secreting IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, which also proliferated.
228	21467219	DEC-HIV Gag p24 showed better cross-priming for CD8(+) T cells, whereas the avidity of anti-Gag antibodies was ∼10-fold higher with nontargeted Gag 24 protein.
229	21467219	Gag-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses increased markedly after priming with both protein vaccines and poly ICLC.
230	22002164	Immunization was greatly improved by targeting HIV gag p24 to DCs with an antibody to DEC-205, a DC receptor for antigen uptake and processing.
231	22002164	Within 4 h, GLA caused DCs to upregulate CD86 and CD40 and produce cytokines including IL-12p70 in vivo.
232	22326778	In this context, the adjuvant effect of EDA (used as EDAp24 fusion protein) and poly(I:C), as agonists of TLR4 and TLR3, respectively, was assessed in p24 immunizations using a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes HIV-1 Gag proteins (Lm-Gag, where p24 is the major antigen) for challenge in mice.
233	22860026	Strategy for identifying dendritic cell-processed CD4+ T cell epitopes from the HIV gag p24 protein.
234	22860026	Furthermore, we demonstrated that our strategy works efficiently with HIV gag p24 protein when delivered, as vaccine protein, to Flt3L expanded mouse splenic DCs in vitro through the DEC-205 receptor.
235	22860026	We found that the same MHC II-bound HIV gag p24 peptides, VDRFYKTLRAEQASQ and DRFYKLTRAEQASQ, were naturally processed from anti-DEC-205 HIV gag p24 protein and presented on DCs.
236	22860026	The two identified VDRFYKTLRAEQASQ and DRFYKLTRAEQASQ MHC II-bound HIV gag p24 peptides elicited CD4(+) T-cell mediated responses in vitro.
237	22860026	Strategy for identifying dendritic cell-processed CD4+ T cell epitopes from the HIV gag p24 protein.
238	22860026	Furthermore, we demonstrated that our strategy works efficiently with HIV gag p24 protein when delivered, as vaccine protein, to Flt3L expanded mouse splenic DCs in vitro through the DEC-205 receptor.
239	22860026	We found that the same MHC II-bound HIV gag p24 peptides, VDRFYKTLRAEQASQ and DRFYKLTRAEQASQ, were naturally processed from anti-DEC-205 HIV gag p24 protein and presented on DCs.
240	22860026	The two identified VDRFYKTLRAEQASQ and DRFYKLTRAEQASQ MHC II-bound HIV gag p24 peptides elicited CD4(+) T-cell mediated responses in vitro.
241	22860026	Strategy for identifying dendritic cell-processed CD4+ T cell epitopes from the HIV gag p24 protein.
242	22860026	Furthermore, we demonstrated that our strategy works efficiently with HIV gag p24 protein when delivered, as vaccine protein, to Flt3L expanded mouse splenic DCs in vitro through the DEC-205 receptor.
243	22860026	We found that the same MHC II-bound HIV gag p24 peptides, VDRFYKTLRAEQASQ and DRFYKLTRAEQASQ, were naturally processed from anti-DEC-205 HIV gag p24 protein and presented on DCs.
244	22860026	The two identified VDRFYKTLRAEQASQ and DRFYKLTRAEQASQ MHC II-bound HIV gag p24 peptides elicited CD4(+) T-cell mediated responses in vitro.
245	22860026	Strategy for identifying dendritic cell-processed CD4+ T cell epitopes from the HIV gag p24 protein.
246	22860026	Furthermore, we demonstrated that our strategy works efficiently with HIV gag p24 protein when delivered, as vaccine protein, to Flt3L expanded mouse splenic DCs in vitro through the DEC-205 receptor.
247	22860026	We found that the same MHC II-bound HIV gag p24 peptides, VDRFYKTLRAEQASQ and DRFYKLTRAEQASQ, were naturally processed from anti-DEC-205 HIV gag p24 protein and presented on DCs.
248	22860026	The two identified VDRFYKTLRAEQASQ and DRFYKLTRAEQASQ MHC II-bound HIV gag p24 peptides elicited CD4(+) T-cell mediated responses in vitro.
249	22983013	F4 is a fusion protein comprising HIV-1 antigens p17 and p24, reverse transcriptase and Nef.
250	23637419	To protect from HDV infection an induction of virus-specific T cells is required, as antibodies to the two proteins of HDV, p24 and p27, do not neutralize the HBV-derived envelope of HDV.
251	23637419	In mice, HDV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses were induced by a DNA vaccine expressing HDV p27.
252	23691069	We demonstrate that a vaccine of HIV-1 subtype B consensus group-specific antigen (Gag) p24 protein with the CD8-inducing liposomal cationic adjuvant formulation (CAF) 05, induces both CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in CB6F1 mice.
253	23707169	A recombinant fusion protein (F4) consisting of HIV-1 p17, p24, reverse transcriptase (RT) and Nef, adjuvanted with AS01, induced strong and broad CD4(+) T cell responses in healthy volunteers.
254	23707169	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with p17, p24, RT and Nef peptide pools and analyzed by flow cytometry for expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and CD40L.
255	23707169	After in vitro stimulation with p17, p24 and RT antigen viral controllers had significantly more CD4(+) T cells co-expressing IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α than other HIV patient categories.
256	23707169	In contrast with viral controllers, triple cytokine producing CD4(+) T cells in vaccinees also expressed CD40L.
257	23707169	A recombinant fusion protein (F4) consisting of HIV-1 p17, p24, reverse transcriptase (RT) and Nef, adjuvanted with AS01, induced strong and broad CD4(+) T cell responses in healthy volunteers.
258	23707169	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with p17, p24, RT and Nef peptide pools and analyzed by flow cytometry for expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and CD40L.
259	23707169	After in vitro stimulation with p17, p24 and RT antigen viral controllers had significantly more CD4(+) T cells co-expressing IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α than other HIV patient categories.
260	23707169	In contrast with viral controllers, triple cytokine producing CD4(+) T cells in vaccinees also expressed CD40L.
261	23707169	A recombinant fusion protein (F4) consisting of HIV-1 p17, p24, reverse transcriptase (RT) and Nef, adjuvanted with AS01, induced strong and broad CD4(+) T cell responses in healthy volunteers.
262	23707169	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with p17, p24, RT and Nef peptide pools and analyzed by flow cytometry for expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and CD40L.
263	23707169	After in vitro stimulation with p17, p24 and RT antigen viral controllers had significantly more CD4(+) T cells co-expressing IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α than other HIV patient categories.
264	23707169	In contrast with viral controllers, triple cytokine producing CD4(+) T cells in vaccinees also expressed CD40L.
265	23951135	With this purpose in mind, we tested two bicistronic DNA vaccines (pIRES I and pIRES II) that encode the HPV-16 oncoprotein E7 and the HIV protein p24 both genetically fused to the HSV-1 gD envelope protein.
266	24631072	Oral delivery of plant-derived HIV-1 p24 antigen in low doses shows a superior priming effect in mice compared to high doses.
267	24631072	In the present study, we used two HIV-1 p24 antigen-expressing transgenic plant systems, Arabidopsis thaliana and Daucus carota, in oral immunization experiments.
268	24631072	Dose-dependent antigen analyses using transgenic A. thaliana indicated that low p24 antigen doses were superior to high p24 antigen doses.
269	24631072	Oral delivery of plant-derived HIV-1 p24 antigen in low doses shows a superior priming effect in mice compared to high doses.
270	24631072	In the present study, we used two HIV-1 p24 antigen-expressing transgenic plant systems, Arabidopsis thaliana and Daucus carota, in oral immunization experiments.
271	24631072	Dose-dependent antigen analyses using transgenic A. thaliana indicated that low p24 antigen doses were superior to high p24 antigen doses.
272	24631072	Oral delivery of plant-derived HIV-1 p24 antigen in low doses shows a superior priming effect in mice compared to high doses.
273	24631072	In the present study, we used two HIV-1 p24 antigen-expressing transgenic plant systems, Arabidopsis thaliana and Daucus carota, in oral immunization experiments.
274	24631072	Dose-dependent antigen analyses using transgenic A. thaliana indicated that low p24 antigen doses were superior to high p24 antigen doses.
275	24744786	We have found the role of specific HLA supertypes such as HLA B∗07, HLA B∗58, and HLA A∗03 in selecting the hydrophobic and conserved amino acid positions within Nef and Gag proteins, to be presented as epitopes.
276	24744786	The analyses revealed that the clusters of optimal epitopes for Nef and p24 proteins of HIV-1 could potentially serve as a source of vaccine.
277	25796990	And the recombinant virus induced the production of HIV-1 p24 specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IL-2 and IL-4.
278	25844718	Conserved epitopes on HIV-1, FIV and SIV p24 proteins are recognized by HIV-1 infected subjects.
279	25844718	Furthermore, evaluation of overlapping SIV p24 peptide sequences identified conserved epitope(s) on the Fp14/Hp15-counterpart of SIV, Sp14, but none on Fp9-counterpart of SIV, Sp9.
280	25844718	Intracellular staining analysis for cytotoxins and phenotyping for CD107a determined that peptide epitopes from Fp9 and Fp14 pools induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecules including perforin, granzyme B, granzyme A, and/or expression of CD107a.
281	25844718	Conserved epitopes on HIV-1, FIV and SIV p24 proteins are recognized by HIV-1 infected subjects.
282	25844718	Furthermore, evaluation of overlapping SIV p24 peptide sequences identified conserved epitope(s) on the Fp14/Hp15-counterpart of SIV, Sp14, but none on Fp9-counterpart of SIV, Sp9.
283	25844718	Intracellular staining analysis for cytotoxins and phenotyping for CD107a determined that peptide epitopes from Fp9 and Fp14 pools induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecules including perforin, granzyme B, granzyme A, and/or expression of CD107a.
284	26021827	Endotoxin-minimized HIV-1 p24 fused to murine hsp70 activates dendritic cells, facilitates endocytosis and p24-specific Th1 response in mice.
285	26021827	An efficacious vaccine preventing HIV-1 infection should induce (1) antibodies neutralizing HIV-1 Env protein, preventing virus spreading and (2) CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) T cells specific to viral proteins, especially gag p24, important for elimination of HIV-1 infected cells.
286	26021827	In this study, a p24 protein fused to the C- or N-terminus of murine hsp70 was produced as a recombinant protein and administered without any adjuvant to experimental BALB/c mice.
287	26021827	In addition, endocytosis of p24 fused to hsp70 by dendritic cells and their activation were characterized.
288	26021827	The fusion to hsp70 protein enhanced endocytosis of p24 as well as activation of dendritic cells in vitro.
289	26021827	After immunization of mice, hsp70-p24 fusion protein induced the strongest p24-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (IFN-γ production) and humoral (IgG2b) responses corresponding to Th1 type dominance, whereas p24-hsp70 or p24 itself induced weaker responses.
290	26021827	Endotoxin-minimized HIV-1 p24 fused to murine hsp70 activates dendritic cells, facilitates endocytosis and p24-specific Th1 response in mice.
291	26021827	An efficacious vaccine preventing HIV-1 infection should induce (1) antibodies neutralizing HIV-1 Env protein, preventing virus spreading and (2) CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) T cells specific to viral proteins, especially gag p24, important for elimination of HIV-1 infected cells.
292	26021827	In this study, a p24 protein fused to the C- or N-terminus of murine hsp70 was produced as a recombinant protein and administered without any adjuvant to experimental BALB/c mice.
293	26021827	In addition, endocytosis of p24 fused to hsp70 by dendritic cells and their activation were characterized.
294	26021827	The fusion to hsp70 protein enhanced endocytosis of p24 as well as activation of dendritic cells in vitro.
295	26021827	After immunization of mice, hsp70-p24 fusion protein induced the strongest p24-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (IFN-γ production) and humoral (IgG2b) responses corresponding to Th1 type dominance, whereas p24-hsp70 or p24 itself induced weaker responses.
296	26021827	Endotoxin-minimized HIV-1 p24 fused to murine hsp70 activates dendritic cells, facilitates endocytosis and p24-specific Th1 response in mice.
297	26021827	An efficacious vaccine preventing HIV-1 infection should induce (1) antibodies neutralizing HIV-1 Env protein, preventing virus spreading and (2) CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) T cells specific to viral proteins, especially gag p24, important for elimination of HIV-1 infected cells.
298	26021827	In this study, a p24 protein fused to the C- or N-terminus of murine hsp70 was produced as a recombinant protein and administered without any adjuvant to experimental BALB/c mice.
299	26021827	In addition, endocytosis of p24 fused to hsp70 by dendritic cells and their activation were characterized.
300	26021827	The fusion to hsp70 protein enhanced endocytosis of p24 as well as activation of dendritic cells in vitro.
301	26021827	After immunization of mice, hsp70-p24 fusion protein induced the strongest p24-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (IFN-γ production) and humoral (IgG2b) responses corresponding to Th1 type dominance, whereas p24-hsp70 or p24 itself induced weaker responses.
302	26021827	Endotoxin-minimized HIV-1 p24 fused to murine hsp70 activates dendritic cells, facilitates endocytosis and p24-specific Th1 response in mice.
303	26021827	An efficacious vaccine preventing HIV-1 infection should induce (1) antibodies neutralizing HIV-1 Env protein, preventing virus spreading and (2) CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) T cells specific to viral proteins, especially gag p24, important for elimination of HIV-1 infected cells.
304	26021827	In this study, a p24 protein fused to the C- or N-terminus of murine hsp70 was produced as a recombinant protein and administered without any adjuvant to experimental BALB/c mice.
305	26021827	In addition, endocytosis of p24 fused to hsp70 by dendritic cells and their activation were characterized.
306	26021827	The fusion to hsp70 protein enhanced endocytosis of p24 as well as activation of dendritic cells in vitro.
307	26021827	After immunization of mice, hsp70-p24 fusion protein induced the strongest p24-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (IFN-γ production) and humoral (IgG2b) responses corresponding to Th1 type dominance, whereas p24-hsp70 or p24 itself induced weaker responses.
308	26021827	Endotoxin-minimized HIV-1 p24 fused to murine hsp70 activates dendritic cells, facilitates endocytosis and p24-specific Th1 response in mice.
309	26021827	An efficacious vaccine preventing HIV-1 infection should induce (1) antibodies neutralizing HIV-1 Env protein, preventing virus spreading and (2) CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) T cells specific to viral proteins, especially gag p24, important for elimination of HIV-1 infected cells.
310	26021827	In this study, a p24 protein fused to the C- or N-terminus of murine hsp70 was produced as a recombinant protein and administered without any adjuvant to experimental BALB/c mice.
311	26021827	In addition, endocytosis of p24 fused to hsp70 by dendritic cells and their activation were characterized.
312	26021827	The fusion to hsp70 protein enhanced endocytosis of p24 as well as activation of dendritic cells in vitro.
313	26021827	After immunization of mice, hsp70-p24 fusion protein induced the strongest p24-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (IFN-γ production) and humoral (IgG2b) responses corresponding to Th1 type dominance, whereas p24-hsp70 or p24 itself induced weaker responses.
314	26021827	Endotoxin-minimized HIV-1 p24 fused to murine hsp70 activates dendritic cells, facilitates endocytosis and p24-specific Th1 response in mice.
315	26021827	An efficacious vaccine preventing HIV-1 infection should induce (1) antibodies neutralizing HIV-1 Env protein, preventing virus spreading and (2) CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) T cells specific to viral proteins, especially gag p24, important for elimination of HIV-1 infected cells.
316	26021827	In this study, a p24 protein fused to the C- or N-terminus of murine hsp70 was produced as a recombinant protein and administered without any adjuvant to experimental BALB/c mice.
317	26021827	In addition, endocytosis of p24 fused to hsp70 by dendritic cells and their activation were characterized.
318	26021827	The fusion to hsp70 protein enhanced endocytosis of p24 as well as activation of dendritic cells in vitro.
319	26021827	After immunization of mice, hsp70-p24 fusion protein induced the strongest p24-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (IFN-γ production) and humoral (IgG2b) responses corresponding to Th1 type dominance, whereas p24-hsp70 or p24 itself induced weaker responses.
320	26347747	HIV-1 Structural Proteins Serve as PAMPs for TLR2 Heterodimers Significantly Increasing Infection and Innate Immune Activation.
321	26347747	Importantly, we show that HIV-1 structural proteins, p17, p24, and gp41, act as viral PAMPs signaling through TLR2 and its heterodimers leading to significantly increased immune activation via the NFκB signaling pathway.
322	26347747	Using co-immunoprecipitation and a dot blot method, we demonstrated direct protein interactions between these viral PAMPs and TLR2, while only p17 and gp41 bound to TLR1.
323	26347747	Specifically, TLR2/1 heterodimer recognized p17 and gp41, while p24 lead to immune activation through TLR2/6.
324	26347747	Interestingly, our results show in the absence of TLR6, p24 bound to TLR2 and blocked p17 and gp41-induced activation, thus providing a novel mechanism by which HIV-1 can manipulate innate sensing.
325	26347747	HIV-1 Structural Proteins Serve as PAMPs for TLR2 Heterodimers Significantly Increasing Infection and Innate Immune Activation.
326	26347747	Importantly, we show that HIV-1 structural proteins, p17, p24, and gp41, act as viral PAMPs signaling through TLR2 and its heterodimers leading to significantly increased immune activation via the NFκB signaling pathway.
327	26347747	Using co-immunoprecipitation and a dot blot method, we demonstrated direct protein interactions between these viral PAMPs and TLR2, while only p17 and gp41 bound to TLR1.
328	26347747	Specifically, TLR2/1 heterodimer recognized p17 and gp41, while p24 lead to immune activation through TLR2/6.
329	26347747	Interestingly, our results show in the absence of TLR6, p24 bound to TLR2 and blocked p17 and gp41-induced activation, thus providing a novel mechanism by which HIV-1 can manipulate innate sensing.
330	26347747	HIV-1 Structural Proteins Serve as PAMPs for TLR2 Heterodimers Significantly Increasing Infection and Innate Immune Activation.
331	26347747	Importantly, we show that HIV-1 structural proteins, p17, p24, and gp41, act as viral PAMPs signaling through TLR2 and its heterodimers leading to significantly increased immune activation via the NFκB signaling pathway.
332	26347747	Using co-immunoprecipitation and a dot blot method, we demonstrated direct protein interactions between these viral PAMPs and TLR2, while only p17 and gp41 bound to TLR1.
333	26347747	Specifically, TLR2/1 heterodimer recognized p17 and gp41, while p24 lead to immune activation through TLR2/6.
334	26347747	Interestingly, our results show in the absence of TLR6, p24 bound to TLR2 and blocked p17 and gp41-induced activation, thus providing a novel mechanism by which HIV-1 can manipulate innate sensing.
335	26403975	In the present study we used a fusion peptide from HIV-1 p24 and Nef as vaccine model and adjuvant activity of Naloxone/alum mixture was evaluated in a peptide vaccine model.