Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: PTPRN

Gene name: protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, N

HGNC ID: 9676

Synonyms: IA-2

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	APLP2	1 hits
2	CD8A	1 hits
3	CHGA	1 hits
4	GAD1	1 hits
5	GAD2	1 hits
6	GSTA1	1 hits
7	GSTCD	1 hits
8	HLA-A	1 hits
9	HSPD1	1 hits
10	IDDM2	1 hits
11	INS	1 hits
12	NKX2-2	1 hits
13	PTPRN2	1 hits
14	SLC30A10	1 hits
15	SLC30A8	1 hits
16	TRIB2	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	9179526	Insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is the consequence of a chronic cell-mediated immune attack upon the insulin-producing beta-cells.
2	9179526	The most useful autoantibodies for prediabetes screening include islet cell autoantibodies, insulin autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and IA-2 autoantibodies.
3	9185878	High T cell responses to the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) isoform 67 reflect a hyperimmune state that precedes the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes.
4	9185878	Pancreatic islet beta-cell destruction leading to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune T cell-mediated process.
5	9185878	Peripheral blood T cells, which proliferate to islet antigens such as glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), (pro)insulin or tyrosine phosphatase IA-2, can be detected in at-risk, first degree relatives of people with IDDM.
6	9185878	Peripheral blood T cell responses to a GAD67(aa208-404)-glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein, GST, insulin and tetanus toxoid were measured, together with antibodies to islet cells, GAD, insulin and IA-2.
7	9185878	High levels of antibodies to GAD or insulin were generally associated with low T cell responses to these antigens.
8	9185878	Relatives who developed IDDM were characterized by high levels of antibodies to insulin and/or islet cells, and high T cell responses to GAD67-GST and tetanus, but not insulin, in the 24 months before clinical diagnosis.
9	9185878	High T cell responses to the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) isoform 67 reflect a hyperimmune state that precedes the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes.
10	9185878	Pancreatic islet beta-cell destruction leading to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune T cell-mediated process.
11	9185878	Peripheral blood T cells, which proliferate to islet antigens such as glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), (pro)insulin or tyrosine phosphatase IA-2, can be detected in at-risk, first degree relatives of people with IDDM.
12	9185878	Peripheral blood T cell responses to a GAD67(aa208-404)-glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein, GST, insulin and tetanus toxoid were measured, together with antibodies to islet cells, GAD, insulin and IA-2.
13	9185878	High levels of antibodies to GAD or insulin were generally associated with low T cell responses to these antigens.
14	9185878	Relatives who developed IDDM were characterized by high levels of antibodies to insulin and/or islet cells, and high T cell responses to GAD67-GST and tetanus, but not insulin, in the 24 months before clinical diagnosis.
15	11473034	Characterization of preparations of GAD65, proinsulin, and the islet tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 for use in detection of autoreactive T-cells in type 1 diabetes: report of phase II of the Second International Immunology of Diabetes Society Workshop for Standardization of T-cell assays in type 1 diabetes.
16	11473034	The identification, quantification, and characterization of T-cells reactive with the islet autoantigens GAD65, proinsulin (PI), and tyrosine phosphatase-like molecules IA-2 and phogrin are major research goals in type 1 diabetes.
17	11473034	Through this process, we have been able to identify preparations of GAD65 and IA-2, generated in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system, that stimulate relevant clones and display low inhibitory effects on third-party antigens.
18	11473034	Characterization of preparations of GAD65, proinsulin, and the islet tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 for use in detection of autoreactive T-cells in type 1 diabetes: report of phase II of the Second International Immunology of Diabetes Society Workshop for Standardization of T-cell assays in type 1 diabetes.
19	11473034	The identification, quantification, and characterization of T-cells reactive with the islet autoantigens GAD65, proinsulin (PI), and tyrosine phosphatase-like molecules IA-2 and phogrin are major research goals in type 1 diabetes.
20	11473034	Through this process, we have been able to identify preparations of GAD65 and IA-2, generated in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system, that stimulate relevant clones and display low inhibitory effects on third-party antigens.
21	11473034	Characterization of preparations of GAD65, proinsulin, and the islet tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 for use in detection of autoreactive T-cells in type 1 diabetes: report of phase II of the Second International Immunology of Diabetes Society Workshop for Standardization of T-cell assays in type 1 diabetes.
22	11473034	The identification, quantification, and characterization of T-cells reactive with the islet autoantigens GAD65, proinsulin (PI), and tyrosine phosphatase-like molecules IA-2 and phogrin are major research goals in type 1 diabetes.
23	11473034	Through this process, we have been able to identify preparations of GAD65 and IA-2, generated in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system, that stimulate relevant clones and display low inhibitory effects on third-party antigens.
24	12021127	BCG vaccination and GAD65 and IA-2 autoantibodies in autoimmune diabetes in southern India.
25	12021127	This paper reports a study to determine whether BCG vaccination is associated with an increase or decrease in GAD65 and I-A2 autoantibodies in cases of IDDM and NIDDM in southern India.
26	12021127	BCG vaccination and GAD65 and IA-2 autoantibodies in autoimmune diabetes in southern India.
27	12021127	This paper reports a study to determine whether BCG vaccination is associated with an increase or decrease in GAD65 and I-A2 autoantibodies in cases of IDDM and NIDDM in southern India.
28	12526055	Immunogenic epitopes in enterovirus capsid protein VP1 and procapsid protein VP0 have sequence similarities with diabetes-associated epitopes in tyrosine phosphatase IA-2/IAR and heat shock protein 60.
29	12526055	In the present study, documented enterovirus infection was shown to induce humoral responses, that in 7% and 1% of patients cross-reacted with the known diabetes-associated epitopes in tyrosine phosphatase IAR and heat shock protein 60, respectively.
30	12526055	In contrast, none of the children vaccinated against poliomyelitis had antibodies to the diabetes-associated epitope of tyrosine phosphatases IA-2/IAR.
31	12526055	Some linear auto-epitopes derived from tyrosine phosphatase IA-2, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, preproinsulin, and heat shock protein 60 were recognized by sera from diabetic patients, but not by sera from healthy children.
32	12526055	Immunogenic epitopes in enterovirus capsid protein VP1 and procapsid protein VP0 have sequence similarities with diabetes-associated epitopes in tyrosine phosphatase IA-2/IAR and heat shock protein 60.
33	12526055	In the present study, documented enterovirus infection was shown to induce humoral responses, that in 7% and 1% of patients cross-reacted with the known diabetes-associated epitopes in tyrosine phosphatase IAR and heat shock protein 60, respectively.
34	12526055	In contrast, none of the children vaccinated against poliomyelitis had antibodies to the diabetes-associated epitope of tyrosine phosphatases IA-2/IAR.
35	12526055	Some linear auto-epitopes derived from tyrosine phosphatase IA-2, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, preproinsulin, and heat shock protein 60 were recognized by sera from diabetic patients, but not by sera from healthy children.
36	12526055	Immunogenic epitopes in enterovirus capsid protein VP1 and procapsid protein VP0 have sequence similarities with diabetes-associated epitopes in tyrosine phosphatase IA-2/IAR and heat shock protein 60.
37	12526055	In the present study, documented enterovirus infection was shown to induce humoral responses, that in 7% and 1% of patients cross-reacted with the known diabetes-associated epitopes in tyrosine phosphatase IAR and heat shock protein 60, respectively.
38	12526055	In contrast, none of the children vaccinated against poliomyelitis had antibodies to the diabetes-associated epitope of tyrosine phosphatases IA-2/IAR.
39	12526055	Some linear auto-epitopes derived from tyrosine phosphatase IA-2, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, preproinsulin, and heat shock protein 60 were recognized by sera from diabetic patients, but not by sera from healthy children.
40	12672406	To address this, antibody titer and subclass to insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65, IA-2, and IA-2beta proteins were measured by radiobinding assays in untreated or immunized female nonobese diabetic mice.
41	12672406	Untreated nonobese diabetic mice developed autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), but not GAD or IA-2/IA-2beta, and IAA-positive mice had increased diabetes risk (P < 0.001).
42	12672406	In immunized mice, IgG1 and lesser IgG2b insulin antibodies were promoted by subcutaneous injection of insulin plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant, insulin plus Montanide ISA 720, and glucagon plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant, but not by incomplete Freund's adjuvant plus GAD65, IA-2beta, or phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, or adjuvant alone.
43	12672406	Spreading of antibody responses to GAD or IA-2/IA-2beta following immunization was rare, and antibody epitope spreading was only detected in IA-2beta immunized mice.
44	12672406	To address this, antibody titer and subclass to insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65, IA-2, and IA-2beta proteins were measured by radiobinding assays in untreated or immunized female nonobese diabetic mice.
45	12672406	Untreated nonobese diabetic mice developed autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), but not GAD or IA-2/IA-2beta, and IAA-positive mice had increased diabetes risk (P < 0.001).
46	12672406	In immunized mice, IgG1 and lesser IgG2b insulin antibodies were promoted by subcutaneous injection of insulin plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant, insulin plus Montanide ISA 720, and glucagon plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant, but not by incomplete Freund's adjuvant plus GAD65, IA-2beta, or phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, or adjuvant alone.
47	12672406	Spreading of antibody responses to GAD or IA-2/IA-2beta following immunization was rare, and antibody epitope spreading was only detected in IA-2beta immunized mice.
48	12672406	To address this, antibody titer and subclass to insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65, IA-2, and IA-2beta proteins were measured by radiobinding assays in untreated or immunized female nonobese diabetic mice.
49	12672406	Untreated nonobese diabetic mice developed autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), but not GAD or IA-2/IA-2beta, and IAA-positive mice had increased diabetes risk (P < 0.001).
50	12672406	In immunized mice, IgG1 and lesser IgG2b insulin antibodies were promoted by subcutaneous injection of insulin plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant, insulin plus Montanide ISA 720, and glucagon plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant, but not by incomplete Freund's adjuvant plus GAD65, IA-2beta, or phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, or adjuvant alone.
51	12672406	Spreading of antibody responses to GAD or IA-2/IA-2beta following immunization was rare, and antibody epitope spreading was only detected in IA-2beta immunized mice.
52	16035283	However, despite the identification of the three major type 1-diabetes-related autoantigens (insulin, GAD65 and phosphatase IA-2), the origin of this immune dysregulation still remains unknown.
53	16035283	All the genes of the insulin family (INS, IGF1 and IGF2) are expressed in the thymus network.
54	16035283	Compared to insulin B9-23, the presentation of IGF-2 B11-25 to peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from type 1 diabetic DQ8+ adolescents elicits a regulatory/tolerogenic cytokine profile (IL-10, IL-10/IFN-g, *IL-4).
55	17130554	In the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, CD8+ T cells play an essential role in both the initial triggering of insulitis and its destructive phase, and proinsulin (PI) is one of the dominant target antigens (Ags).
56	17130554	However, little is known about the beta cell epitopes presented by HLA class I molecules and recognized by human CD8+ T cells.
57	17130554	We validated immunogenicity and natural processing of the identified PI epitopes in HLA-A2.1-transgenic mice, while others demonstrated recognition of multiple PI epitopes by CD8+ T cells from T1DM and healthy subjects in the context of different HLA class I molecules.
58	17130554	DNA vaccination of HLA-transgenic mice may be another rapid and efficient reverse immunology approach to map additional epitopes derived from other T1DM Ags, such as IA-2 and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65).
59	17130554	Transfer of this information to Elispot- and MHC tetramer-based assay formats should allow to reliably detect and characterize autoreactive CD8+ T cell responses in T1DM, and may open new avenues for early T1DM diagnosis and immune intervention.
60	17513797	Human histocompatibility leukocyte Ags-A0201 (HLA-A0201) transgenic mice were immunized with plasmids encoding the T1D-associated autoantigens: 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) or insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2).
61	17513797	All of the nine-candidate epitopes (five for GAD and four for IA-2) identified by our experimental approach were specifically recognized by CD8(+) T cells from newly diagnosed T1D patients (n = 19) but not from CD8(+) T cells of healthy controls (n = 20).
62	17513797	Among these, GAD(114-123), GAD(536-545) and IA-2(805-813) were recognized by 53%, 25%, and 42% of T1D patients, respectively.
63	17513797	Human histocompatibility leukocyte Ags-A0201 (HLA-A0201) transgenic mice were immunized with plasmids encoding the T1D-associated autoantigens: 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) or insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2).
64	17513797	All of the nine-candidate epitopes (five for GAD and four for IA-2) identified by our experimental approach were specifically recognized by CD8(+) T cells from newly diagnosed T1D patients (n = 19) but not from CD8(+) T cells of healthy controls (n = 20).
65	17513797	Among these, GAD(114-123), GAD(536-545) and IA-2(805-813) were recognized by 53%, 25%, and 42% of T1D patients, respectively.
66	17513797	Human histocompatibility leukocyte Ags-A0201 (HLA-A0201) transgenic mice were immunized with plasmids encoding the T1D-associated autoantigens: 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) or insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2).
67	17513797	All of the nine-candidate epitopes (five for GAD and four for IA-2) identified by our experimental approach were specifically recognized by CD8(+) T cells from newly diagnosed T1D patients (n = 19) but not from CD8(+) T cells of healthy controls (n = 20).
68	17513797	Among these, GAD(114-123), GAD(536-545) and IA-2(805-813) were recognized by 53%, 25%, and 42% of T1D patients, respectively.
69	23296174	Autoantibodies against insulin, GAD65, IA-2 or the ZnT8 transporter mark islet autoimmunity.
70	24313339	Antibodies to (35) S-methionine-labelled A/H1N1 hemagglutinin were determined in a radiobinding assay in patients diagnosed before (n = 325), during (n = 355) and after (n = 461) the October 2009-March 2010 Swedish A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination campaign, along with HLA-DQ genotypes and autoantibodies against GAD, insulin, IA-2 and ZnT8 transporter.
71	24387268	IGRP and insulin vaccination induce CD8+ T cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes in the RIP-CD80GP mouse.
72	24387268	Of 14 pancreatic proteins tested by DNA vaccination, murine pre-proinsulin 2 (100% of mice; median time after vaccination, 60 days) and islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP) (77%, 58 days) could induce diabetes.
73	24387268	Vaccination with DNA encoding for zinc transporter 8, Ia-2, Ia-2β, glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (Gad67), chromogranin A, insulinoma amyloid polypeptide and homeobox protein Nkx-2.2 induced diabetes development in 25-33% of mice.
74	24387268	Vaccination with DNA encoding for Gad65, secretogranin 5, pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein 1 (Pdx1), carboxyl ester lipase, glucagon and control hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) induced diabetes in <20% of mice.
75	24387268	CD8(+) T cell targets of IGRP were identified with a peptide library-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and diabetes could also be induced by vaccination with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted IGRP peptides loaded on mature dendritic cells.
76	24485154	The first aim was to determine antibodies against A/H1N1 and autoantibodies to Tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2), a narcolepsy autoantigen candidate as well as to GAD65 and IA-2 as disease specificity controls.
77	24485154	Autoantibodies to TRIB2, GAD65 and IA-2 were similarly detected in standard radiobinding assays.
78	24485154	The first aim was to determine antibodies against A/H1N1 and autoantibodies to Tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2), a narcolepsy autoantigen candidate as well as to GAD65 and IA-2 as disease specificity controls.
79	24485154	Autoantibodies to TRIB2, GAD65 and IA-2 were similarly detected in standard radiobinding assays.