Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: S100B

Gene name: S100 calcium binding protein B

HGNC ID: 10500

Synonyms: S100beta

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ATAD2	1 hits
2	CCR5	1 hits
3	CD1A	1 hits
4	CD4	1 hits
5	CD79A	1 hits
6	CD8A	1 hits
7	CSF2	1 hits
8	CSF3	1 hits
9	CTLA4	1 hits
10	DES	1 hits
11	ENPEP	1 hits
12	FOS	1 hits
13	GSTCD	1 hits
14	HLA-A	1 hits
15	HLA-B	1 hits
16	HLA-C	1 hits
17	IFNG	1 hits
18	IL12A	1 hits
19	IL18	1 hits
20	IL2	1 hits
21	INS	1 hits
22	INTU	1 hits
23	IV	1 hits
24	MAP3K8	1 hits
25	MIA	1 hits
26	NOS1	1 hits
27	NRSN1	1 hits
28	PTPN11	1 hits
29	SFRS1	1 hits
30	SLURP1	1 hits
31	SP1	1 hits
32	TCN1	1 hits
33	TFAP2A	1 hits
34	TNF	1 hits
35	VHLL	1 hits
36	VSX1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	1704397	Six epitopes reacting with human cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the central region of the HIV-1 NEF protein.
2	1704397	Six different epitopes were identified and several points were remarkable: 1) They were all located in two regions of the central part of the NEF protein corresponding to residues 73 to 94 and 113 to 147, respectively. 2) The CTL issued from a single donor could recognize several peptides of the NEF protein. 3) Some of these peptides could be recognized in association with at least two or three different HLA class I molecules. 4) Two different overlapping epitopes were present in a relatively short sequence of 15 amino acids.
3	1704397	Six epitopes reacting with human cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the central region of the HIV-1 NEF protein.
4	1704397	Six different epitopes were identified and several points were remarkable: 1) They were all located in two regions of the central part of the NEF protein corresponding to residues 73 to 94 and 113 to 147, respectively. 2) The CTL issued from a single donor could recognize several peptides of the NEF protein. 3) Some of these peptides could be recognized in association with at least two or three different HLA class I molecules. 4) Two different overlapping epitopes were present in a relatively short sequence of 15 amino acids.
5	1712811	The physical association of HLA class I or H-2 molecules with 36 HIV-1 Nef synthetic peptides was studied using a direct peptide binding assay (PBA) in solid phase.
6	1712811	The PBA results showed that seven partly overlapping regions of the Nef protein contained MHC binding peptides (4-18, 46-67, 73-94, 100-128, 126-155, 182-198, and 192-206).
7	1712811	The two other regions, 4-18 and 46-67, are not yet described as antigenic for human CD8+ cells but they are located in the N-terminal part of Nef that was previously described as being stimulator for rat or chimpanzee CD4+ cells.
8	1712811	The physical association of HLA class I or H-2 molecules with 36 HIV-1 Nef synthetic peptides was studied using a direct peptide binding assay (PBA) in solid phase.
9	1712811	The PBA results showed that seven partly overlapping regions of the Nef protein contained MHC binding peptides (4-18, 46-67, 73-94, 100-128, 126-155, 182-198, and 192-206).
10	1712811	The two other regions, 4-18 and 46-67, are not yet described as antigenic for human CD8+ cells but they are located in the N-terminal part of Nef that was previously described as being stimulator for rat or chimpanzee CD4+ cells.
11	1712811	The physical association of HLA class I or H-2 molecules with 36 HIV-1 Nef synthetic peptides was studied using a direct peptide binding assay (PBA) in solid phase.
12	1712811	The PBA results showed that seven partly overlapping regions of the Nef protein contained MHC binding peptides (4-18, 46-67, 73-94, 100-128, 126-155, 182-198, and 192-206).
13	1712811	The two other regions, 4-18 and 46-67, are not yet described as antigenic for human CD8+ cells but they are located in the N-terminal part of Nef that was previously described as being stimulator for rat or chimpanzee CD4+ cells.
14	2481593	An antigenic peptide of the HIV-1 NEF protein recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes of seropositive individuals in association with different HLA-B molecules.
15	2481593	In two different donors, we identified a unique peptide in the NEF protein that could be recognized in association with two different HLA class I molecules.
16	2481593	An antigenic peptide of the HIV-1 NEF protein recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes of seropositive individuals in association with different HLA-B molecules.
17	2481593	In two different donors, we identified a unique peptide in the NEF protein that could be recognized in association with two different HLA class I molecules.
18	7511861	Epitopes recognized by HIV-SF2 nef-specific CD4+ T-cell clones generated from HIV-1-uninfected donors.
19	7543715	Mice inoculated with rBCG(SIVmac251nef) exhibited proliferative and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses against several Nef synthetic peptides.
20	8102828	Evidence for the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein as a growth inhibitor to CD4+ T lymphocytes and for the blocking of the Nef function by anti-Nef antibodies.
21	8102828	To examine the functional role of HIV-1 Nef protein on the marked loss of CD4+ cells, Nef protein was expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with T7 phage gene10 product (Nef-gene10).
22	8102828	When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were cultivated in the presence of Nef-gene10 or the gene10 product as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2), it was found that the Nef-gene10, but not the gene10 product, induced a remarkable decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio and in the response to phytohaemagglutinin of PBMC as well as of nylon wool-passed purified T cells.
23	8102828	This suppression of the IL-2-dependent proliferation of CD4+ cells by Nef-gene10 seemed to be due to enhanced production of several lymphokines, especially of interferon-gamma.
24	8102828	Thus, Nef protein might be partly responsible for the selective depletion of CD4+ cells in HIV-1 infection.
25	8102828	Furthermore, the Nef-induced decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio was interrupted by anti-Nef antibodies, suggesting the possibility that a vaccine which resulted in the production of such functional Nef antibodies would be useful in the treatment of HIV-1-induced immunodysfunction.
26	8102828	Evidence for the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein as a growth inhibitor to CD4+ T lymphocytes and for the blocking of the Nef function by anti-Nef antibodies.
27	8102828	To examine the functional role of HIV-1 Nef protein on the marked loss of CD4+ cells, Nef protein was expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with T7 phage gene10 product (Nef-gene10).
28	8102828	When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were cultivated in the presence of Nef-gene10 or the gene10 product as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2), it was found that the Nef-gene10, but not the gene10 product, induced a remarkable decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio and in the response to phytohaemagglutinin of PBMC as well as of nylon wool-passed purified T cells.
29	8102828	This suppression of the IL-2-dependent proliferation of CD4+ cells by Nef-gene10 seemed to be due to enhanced production of several lymphokines, especially of interferon-gamma.
30	8102828	Thus, Nef protein might be partly responsible for the selective depletion of CD4+ cells in HIV-1 infection.
31	8102828	Furthermore, the Nef-induced decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio was interrupted by anti-Nef antibodies, suggesting the possibility that a vaccine which resulted in the production of such functional Nef antibodies would be useful in the treatment of HIV-1-induced immunodysfunction.
32	8102828	Evidence for the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein as a growth inhibitor to CD4+ T lymphocytes and for the blocking of the Nef function by anti-Nef antibodies.
33	8102828	To examine the functional role of HIV-1 Nef protein on the marked loss of CD4+ cells, Nef protein was expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with T7 phage gene10 product (Nef-gene10).
34	8102828	When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were cultivated in the presence of Nef-gene10 or the gene10 product as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2), it was found that the Nef-gene10, but not the gene10 product, induced a remarkable decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio and in the response to phytohaemagglutinin of PBMC as well as of nylon wool-passed purified T cells.
35	8102828	This suppression of the IL-2-dependent proliferation of CD4+ cells by Nef-gene10 seemed to be due to enhanced production of several lymphokines, especially of interferon-gamma.
36	8102828	Thus, Nef protein might be partly responsible for the selective depletion of CD4+ cells in HIV-1 infection.
37	8102828	Furthermore, the Nef-induced decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio was interrupted by anti-Nef antibodies, suggesting the possibility that a vaccine which resulted in the production of such functional Nef antibodies would be useful in the treatment of HIV-1-induced immunodysfunction.
38	8102828	Evidence for the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein as a growth inhibitor to CD4+ T lymphocytes and for the blocking of the Nef function by anti-Nef antibodies.
39	8102828	To examine the functional role of HIV-1 Nef protein on the marked loss of CD4+ cells, Nef protein was expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with T7 phage gene10 product (Nef-gene10).
40	8102828	When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were cultivated in the presence of Nef-gene10 or the gene10 product as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2), it was found that the Nef-gene10, but not the gene10 product, induced a remarkable decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio and in the response to phytohaemagglutinin of PBMC as well as of nylon wool-passed purified T cells.
41	8102828	This suppression of the IL-2-dependent proliferation of CD4+ cells by Nef-gene10 seemed to be due to enhanced production of several lymphokines, especially of interferon-gamma.
42	8102828	Thus, Nef protein might be partly responsible for the selective depletion of CD4+ cells in HIV-1 infection.
43	8102828	Furthermore, the Nef-induced decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio was interrupted by anti-Nef antibodies, suggesting the possibility that a vaccine which resulted in the production of such functional Nef antibodies would be useful in the treatment of HIV-1-induced immunodysfunction.
44	8102828	Evidence for the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein as a growth inhibitor to CD4+ T lymphocytes and for the blocking of the Nef function by anti-Nef antibodies.
45	8102828	To examine the functional role of HIV-1 Nef protein on the marked loss of CD4+ cells, Nef protein was expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with T7 phage gene10 product (Nef-gene10).
46	8102828	When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were cultivated in the presence of Nef-gene10 or the gene10 product as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2), it was found that the Nef-gene10, but not the gene10 product, induced a remarkable decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio and in the response to phytohaemagglutinin of PBMC as well as of nylon wool-passed purified T cells.
47	8102828	This suppression of the IL-2-dependent proliferation of CD4+ cells by Nef-gene10 seemed to be due to enhanced production of several lymphokines, especially of interferon-gamma.
48	8102828	Thus, Nef protein might be partly responsible for the selective depletion of CD4+ cells in HIV-1 infection.
49	8102828	Furthermore, the Nef-induced decline in the CD4/CD8 ratio was interrupted by anti-Nef antibodies, suggesting the possibility that a vaccine which resulted in the production of such functional Nef antibodies would be useful in the treatment of HIV-1-induced immunodysfunction.
50	8133061	Seven lipopeptides were synthesized, derived from known immunogenic regions of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) NEF and GAG proteins.
51	8256505	The authors have previously shown the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein as a growth inhibitor to CD4+ T lymphocytes.
52	8256505	Thus, the cell-surface form of Nef might play an important role in the selective depletion of CD4+ cells in HIV-1 infection.
53	8256505	The authors have previously shown the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein as a growth inhibitor to CD4+ T lymphocytes.
54	8256505	Thus, the cell-surface form of Nef might play an important role in the selective depletion of CD4+ cells in HIV-1 infection.
55	8827215	Cytotoxic T lymphocytes to SIV Nef and RT were demonstrable in one of four SHIV-infected monkeys before SIVsm challenge, but this monkey was not protected against SIV infection.
56	9032366	Specific SIV Nef peptide proliferative responses and cytokine production were observed.
57	9120397	Similarly, targeting a cytoplasmic protein, HIV-1 nef, to undergo rapid cytoplasmic degradation induced a greatly enhanced de novo nef-specific CD8+ CTL response in vivo after immunization of mice with either recombinant vaccinia vectors or DNA expression plasmids expressing the degradation targeted nef mutant.
58	9160517	Comparison of Nef sequences between the paired isolates showed them to be more distinct in two carriers with a relatively stable CD4/CD8 ratio (Nos 68 and 69), than in two other carriers with similar CD4/CD8 ratios (Nos 53 and 57), or in carrier No. 67, which had an extremely lower CD4/CD8 ratio.
59	9445041	In two macaques immunized with a mixture of lipopeptides derived from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef and Gag proteins, CTL responses were directed against the same, single epitope of the Nef protein (amino acids 128 to 137) presenting an alanine at position 136 (Nef 128-137/136A).
60	9445041	Dose analysis of peptides used to sensitize target cells as well as a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide stability assay suggested that the selected peptide Nef 128-137/136T has an altered capacity to bind to the MHC.
61	9445041	In two macaques immunized with a mixture of lipopeptides derived from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef and Gag proteins, CTL responses were directed against the same, single epitope of the Nef protein (amino acids 128 to 137) presenting an alanine at position 136 (Nef 128-137/136A).
62	9445041	Dose analysis of peptides used to sensitize target cells as well as a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide stability assay suggested that the selected peptide Nef 128-137/136T has an altered capacity to bind to the MHC.
63	9870315	A cocktail of Mycobacterium bovis BCG recombinants expressing the SIV Nef, Env, and Gag antigens induces antibody and cytotoxic responses in mice vaccinated by different mucosal routes.
64	9882315	In fact, duplication of the Sp1 sites increased the fitness of the Delta3 virus (Vpr/Nef/U3) to levels higher than that of the singly deleted DeltaVpr virus.
65	10074126	The initial 12-bp duplication resulted in efficient Nef expression and an intermediate phenotype in infectivity assays, but it did not significantly restore the ability of Nef to stimulate viral replication and to downmodulate CD4 and class I major histocompatibility complex cell surface expression.
66	10196344	We have optimized the induction of antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in rhesus macaques by a lipopeptide vaccine containing seven peptides from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef and Gag proteins and a strong T-helper peptide from tetanus toxoid (TT) that is promiscuous in humans (peptide TT 830-846).
67	10386338	Additionally, a Nef-deleted SIV virus has low titres in rhesus monkeys and the animals develop AIDS at a much slower rate.
68	10386338	In vitro, Nef can exert at least three kinds of effects: it downregulates CD4 and MHC class I, it stimulates virion infectivity and it alters signal transduction pathways.
69	10386338	To accomplish this, Nef interacts with a series of cellular partners including CD4, components of the adaptor complexes AP-1 and AP-2, and several protein kinases, Nef often functioning as a connector between targets and effectors.
70	10386338	Additionally, a Nef-deleted SIV virus has low titres in rhesus monkeys and the animals develop AIDS at a much slower rate.
71	10386338	In vitro, Nef can exert at least three kinds of effects: it downregulates CD4 and MHC class I, it stimulates virion infectivity and it alters signal transduction pathways.
72	10386338	To accomplish this, Nef interacts with a series of cellular partners including CD4, components of the adaptor complexes AP-1 and AP-2, and several protein kinases, Nef often functioning as a connector between targets and effectors.
73	10386338	Additionally, a Nef-deleted SIV virus has low titres in rhesus monkeys and the animals develop AIDS at a much slower rate.
74	10386338	In vitro, Nef can exert at least three kinds of effects: it downregulates CD4 and MHC class I, it stimulates virion infectivity and it alters signal transduction pathways.
75	10386338	To accomplish this, Nef interacts with a series of cellular partners including CD4, components of the adaptor complexes AP-1 and AP-2, and several protein kinases, Nef often functioning as a connector between targets and effectors.
76	10673351	A growing body of literature suggests that the HIV accessory proteins Nef and Vpr could be involved in depletion of CD4(+) and non-CD4(+) cells and tissue atrophy, and in delaying the death of HIV-infected cells.
77	10673351	The myristylated N-terminal region of Nef has severe membrane disordering properties, and when present in the extracellular medium causes rapid lysis in vitro of a wide range of CD4(+) and non-CD4(+) cells, suggesting a role for extracellular Nef in the depletion of bystander cells.
78	10673351	A growing body of literature suggests that the HIV accessory proteins Nef and Vpr could be involved in depletion of CD4(+) and non-CD4(+) cells and tissue atrophy, and in delaying the death of HIV-infected cells.
79	10673351	The myristylated N-terminal region of Nef has severe membrane disordering properties, and when present in the extracellular medium causes rapid lysis in vitro of a wide range of CD4(+) and non-CD4(+) cells, suggesting a role for extracellular Nef in the depletion of bystander cells.
80	10683331	The kinetics of specific immune responses in rhesus monkeys inoculated with live recombinant BCG expressing SIV Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins.
81	10683331	The immunogenicity of four recombinant BCG constructs expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins was tested in rhesus macaques.
82	10683331	A single simultaneous inoculation of all four recombinants elicited SIV-specific IgA and IgG antibody, and cellular immune responses, including CTL and helper T cell proliferation.
83	10683331	The kinetics of specific immune responses in rhesus monkeys inoculated with live recombinant BCG expressing SIV Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins.
84	10683331	The immunogenicity of four recombinant BCG constructs expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins was tested in rhesus macaques.
85	10683331	A single simultaneous inoculation of all four recombinants elicited SIV-specific IgA and IgG antibody, and cellular immune responses, including CTL and helper T cell proliferation.
86	11145897	We show that DNA immunization with Nef sequences induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreting cell responses directed against several regions of Nef.
87	11237281	TNFalpha antibodies correlated positively with viral load, (P = 0.013, r = 0.282), and CD8+ cell count (P = 0.03, r = 0.258), and inversely with CD4+ cell count (P = 0.003, r = - 0.246), percent CD4+ cells (P = 0.008, r = -0.306), and CD4 :CD8 ratio (P = 0.033, r = - 0.251).
88	11237281	TNFalpha antibodies also correlated positively with antibodies to peptides corresponding to the CD4 binding site of gp160 (P = 0.001, r = 0.384), the CD4 identity region (P = 0.016, r = 0.29), the V3 loop (P = 0.005, r = 0.34), and the amino terminus of Tat (P = 0.001, r = 0.395); TNFalpha antibodies also correlated positively with antibodies to Nef protein (P = 0.008, r = 0.302).
89	11282190	Intramuscular injection of mixed DNA constructs encoding for HIV-1 Gag, Tat and Nef proteins, co-administered with the DNA encoding for interleukin-18 (IL-18) have been used.
90	11282190	It was demonstrated that at least two DNA immunizations were necessary to generate virus specific Th-1 responses detected by the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and by the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 and IL-10, in antigen-stimulated splenocyte cultures.
91	11282190	Interestingly, co-delivery of Th-1-inducing IL-18 gene was able to shorten by 2 weeks, the CTL induction time, and to increase the antigen-induced secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma.
92	11533153	We have generated recombinant influenza A viruses belonging to the H1N1 and H3N2 virus subtypes containing an insertion of the 137 C-terminal amino acid residues of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein into the influenza A virus nonstructural-protein (NS1) reading frame.
93	11533153	Despite the hyperattenuated phenotype of influenza/NS-Nef viruses, a Nef and influenza virus (nucleoprotein)-specific CD8(+)-T-cell response was detected in spleens and the lymph nodes draining the respiratory tract after a single intranasal immunization of mice.
94	11533153	We have generated recombinant influenza A viruses belonging to the H1N1 and H3N2 virus subtypes containing an insertion of the 137 C-terminal amino acid residues of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein into the influenza A virus nonstructural-protein (NS1) reading frame.
95	11533153	Despite the hyperattenuated phenotype of influenza/NS-Nef viruses, a Nef and influenza virus (nucleoprotein)-specific CD8(+)-T-cell response was detected in spleens and the lymph nodes draining the respiratory tract after a single intranasal immunization of mice.
96	11555138	Vaccination with rMVA-J5 performed at week 0, 12, and 24 induced a moderate proliferative response to whole SIV, a detectable humoral response to all but Nef SIV antigens, and failed to induce neutralizing antibodies.
97	11578695	Deletion of N-terminal myristoylation site of HIV Nef abrogates both MHC-1 and CD4 down-regulation.
98	11578695	Nef, however, down-regulates MHC-1 and CD4 cell surface expression, contributing to viral escape from host immunity.
99	11578695	To prevent Nef from down-regulating both MHC-1 and CD4 while preserving most CTL epitopes, a panel of Nef mutants was constructed and assessed.
100	11578695	Deletion of 19 N-terminal amino acids including the myristoylation signal from Nef completely abrogated both MHC-1 and CD4 down-regulation while preserving most CTL, T-helper and B-cell epitopes.
101	11578695	Our results demonstrate that the myristoylation signal in the Nef protein is critical for Nef-mediated endocytosis of both MHC-1 and CD4.
102	11578695	Deletion of N-terminal myristoylation site of HIV Nef abrogates both MHC-1 and CD4 down-regulation.
103	11578695	Nef, however, down-regulates MHC-1 and CD4 cell surface expression, contributing to viral escape from host immunity.
104	11578695	To prevent Nef from down-regulating both MHC-1 and CD4 while preserving most CTL epitopes, a panel of Nef mutants was constructed and assessed.
105	11578695	Deletion of 19 N-terminal amino acids including the myristoylation signal from Nef completely abrogated both MHC-1 and CD4 down-regulation while preserving most CTL, T-helper and B-cell epitopes.
106	11578695	Our results demonstrate that the myristoylation signal in the Nef protein is critical for Nef-mediated endocytosis of both MHC-1 and CD4.
107	11578695	Deletion of N-terminal myristoylation site of HIV Nef abrogates both MHC-1 and CD4 down-regulation.
108	11578695	Nef, however, down-regulates MHC-1 and CD4 cell surface expression, contributing to viral escape from host immunity.
109	11578695	To prevent Nef from down-regulating both MHC-1 and CD4 while preserving most CTL epitopes, a panel of Nef mutants was constructed and assessed.
110	11578695	Deletion of 19 N-terminal amino acids including the myristoylation signal from Nef completely abrogated both MHC-1 and CD4 down-regulation while preserving most CTL, T-helper and B-cell epitopes.
111	11578695	Our results demonstrate that the myristoylation signal in the Nef protein is critical for Nef-mediated endocytosis of both MHC-1 and CD4.
112	11578695	Deletion of N-terminal myristoylation site of HIV Nef abrogates both MHC-1 and CD4 down-regulation.
113	11578695	Nef, however, down-regulates MHC-1 and CD4 cell surface expression, contributing to viral escape from host immunity.
114	11578695	To prevent Nef from down-regulating both MHC-1 and CD4 while preserving most CTL epitopes, a panel of Nef mutants was constructed and assessed.
115	11578695	Deletion of 19 N-terminal amino acids including the myristoylation signal from Nef completely abrogated both MHC-1 and CD4 down-regulation while preserving most CTL, T-helper and B-cell epitopes.
116	11578695	Our results demonstrate that the myristoylation signal in the Nef protein is critical for Nef-mediated endocytosis of both MHC-1 and CD4.
117	11578695	Deletion of N-terminal myristoylation site of HIV Nef abrogates both MHC-1 and CD4 down-regulation.
118	11578695	Nef, however, down-regulates MHC-1 and CD4 cell surface expression, contributing to viral escape from host immunity.
119	11578695	To prevent Nef from down-regulating both MHC-1 and CD4 while preserving most CTL epitopes, a panel of Nef mutants was constructed and assessed.
120	11578695	Deletion of 19 N-terminal amino acids including the myristoylation signal from Nef completely abrogated both MHC-1 and CD4 down-regulation while preserving most CTL, T-helper and B-cell epitopes.
121	11578695	Our results demonstrate that the myristoylation signal in the Nef protein is critical for Nef-mediated endocytosis of both MHC-1 and CD4.
122	11709096	The efficacy of immunizing with a combination of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef vaccines was evaluated.
123	11709096	Four vaccinates received three intradermal immunizations with recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed SIV Nef, followed by three intramuscular immunizations with rDNA also expressing SIV Nef.
124	11709096	Finally, the four vaccinates received two subcutaneous boosts with recombinant SIV Nef protein.
125	11709096	The efficacy of immunizing with a combination of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef vaccines was evaluated.
126	11709096	Four vaccinates received three intradermal immunizations with recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed SIV Nef, followed by three intramuscular immunizations with rDNA also expressing SIV Nef.
127	11709096	Finally, the four vaccinates received two subcutaneous boosts with recombinant SIV Nef protein.
128	11709096	The efficacy of immunizing with a combination of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef vaccines was evaluated.
129	11709096	Four vaccinates received three intradermal immunizations with recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed SIV Nef, followed by three intramuscular immunizations with rDNA also expressing SIV Nef.
130	11709096	Finally, the four vaccinates received two subcutaneous boosts with recombinant SIV Nef protein.
131	11739689	The ability to modify these antigen-specific immune responses was investigated by coinjection of DNA plasmids encoding cytokine and/or hematopoietic growth factors, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, IL-15, Flt3 ligand (FL), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
132	11739689	IL-12 induced the greatest increase in IFN-gamma and immunoglobulin G responses to Nef, and GM-CSF induced the strongest IFN-gamma and CTL responses to Env.
133	11739689	A dual approach of expanding innate immunity by administering the FL gene, together with a cytokine that enhances adaptive immune responses, IL-2, IL-12, or IL-15, generated the most potent immune response at the lowest doses of Nef antigen.
134	11836408	The ELISPOT assay was used to detect gamma interferon-secreting PBMC after stimulation with overlapping HIV-1 peptides spanning the Gag, Pol, Env, and Nef proteins in addition to the baculovirus-derived p24 and gp160 proteins.
135	12197883	Novel promiscuous HLA-DQ HIV Nef peptide that induces IFN-gamma-producing memory CD4+ T cells.
136	12197883	The promiscuous potentiality of the Nef 56-68 peptide in humans has been confirmed by ex vivo immunization experiments with CD4+ T cells from 14 healthy donors expressing different HLA genotypes.
137	12197883	Nef 56-68 specific CD4+ T cells rapidly acquire a memory cell phenotype and are characterized by the preferential usage of the TCR Vbeta 6.1 gene segment and predominant production of IFN-gamma.
138	12197883	Novel promiscuous HLA-DQ HIV Nef peptide that induces IFN-gamma-producing memory CD4+ T cells.
139	12197883	The promiscuous potentiality of the Nef 56-68 peptide in humans has been confirmed by ex vivo immunization experiments with CD4+ T cells from 14 healthy donors expressing different HLA genotypes.
140	12197883	Nef 56-68 specific CD4+ T cells rapidly acquire a memory cell phenotype and are characterized by the preferential usage of the TCR Vbeta 6.1 gene segment and predominant production of IFN-gamma.
141	12197883	Novel promiscuous HLA-DQ HIV Nef peptide that induces IFN-gamma-producing memory CD4+ T cells.
142	12197883	The promiscuous potentiality of the Nef 56-68 peptide in humans has been confirmed by ex vivo immunization experiments with CD4+ T cells from 14 healthy donors expressing different HLA genotypes.
143	12197883	Nef 56-68 specific CD4+ T cells rapidly acquire a memory cell phenotype and are characterized by the preferential usage of the TCR Vbeta 6.1 gene segment and predominant production of IFN-gamma.
144	12213402	Comparative study of immune responses induced after immunization with plasmids encoding the HIV-1 Nef protein under the control of the CMV-IE or the muscle-specific desmin promoter.
145	12213402	The predominant IgG2a isotype of anti-Nef antibodies and the cytokine profile, mostly IL-2 and IFN-gamma, produced by Nef-stimulated spleen cells indicated a Th1 response in plasmid-immunized mice, in contrast to mice immunized with Nef-CFA, where a Th2 response was induced.
146	12396605	Responses to SIV Nef were assessed in 16 macaques also immunized with Ad5hr-SIVnef.
147	12502820	The vaccine was composed of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120, NefTat fusion protein, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef formulated in the clinically tested adjuvant AS02A.
148	12502842	The revertant form of Nef did not cause downregulation of CD4, CD3, or major histocompatibility complex class I.
149	12667667	Comparison of overlapping peptide sets for detection of antiviral CD8 and CD4 T cell responses.
150	12667667	A total of 54 CD8 T cell responses to Nef peptides were found in this cohort, of which only 12 were detected using previously defined Nef optimal epitopes.
151	12667667	Though there was a trend of the shorter peptides detecting more CD8 T cell responses than the 20 amino acid long peptides and longer peptides detecting more CD4 T cell responses, neither was statistically significant.
152	12882660	We attempted to identify HLA-A*3303-restricted CTL epitopes derived from relatively conserved proteins Pol, Gag, and Nef of HIV-1 clade B, using reverse immunogenetics.
153	12885879	Macaques primed with all three recombinants displayed significant down-modulation in numbers of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-secreting cells specific for SIV Nef, and the Env- and Gag-specific responses were also diminished.
154	12885879	Down-modulation was seen only during the period of Ad5hr-recombinant priming, not during subunit boosting, although SIV-specific IFN-gamma-secreting cells persisted.
155	14556980	However, Nef is also known to down regulate the expression of CD4 and MHC-I molecules, thereby protecting virally infected target cells.
156	14670336	Several immunomodulatory functions have been reported for Nef, including down-regulation of CD4 and class I MHC in T-lymphocytes, and the ability to enhance viral transmission from macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) to T-lymphocytes.
157	14670336	In this study, HIV-1 (SF2 strain) Nef was expressed in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, using an adenovirus based delivery system.
158	14670336	Nef expression resulted in decreased CD4 levels, but no change to class I MHC, and no impairment in the ability of DC to stimulate recall PPD responses, mixed leukocyte responses, or hepatitis B-specific CD8 responses.
159	14670336	The adenovirus vector itself stimulated a strong recall CD4 response in all individuals tested, and also induced up-regulation of class I MHC, CD86 and CD40 on the dendritic cell surface.
160	14670336	Several immunomodulatory functions have been reported for Nef, including down-regulation of CD4 and class I MHC in T-lymphocytes, and the ability to enhance viral transmission from macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) to T-lymphocytes.
161	14670336	In this study, HIV-1 (SF2 strain) Nef was expressed in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, using an adenovirus based delivery system.
162	14670336	Nef expression resulted in decreased CD4 levels, but no change to class I MHC, and no impairment in the ability of DC to stimulate recall PPD responses, mixed leukocyte responses, or hepatitis B-specific CD8 responses.
163	14670336	The adenovirus vector itself stimulated a strong recall CD4 response in all individuals tested, and also induced up-regulation of class I MHC, CD86 and CD40 on the dendritic cell surface.
164	14670336	Several immunomodulatory functions have been reported for Nef, including down-regulation of CD4 and class I MHC in T-lymphocytes, and the ability to enhance viral transmission from macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) to T-lymphocytes.
165	14670336	In this study, HIV-1 (SF2 strain) Nef was expressed in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, using an adenovirus based delivery system.
166	14670336	Nef expression resulted in decreased CD4 levels, but no change to class I MHC, and no impairment in the ability of DC to stimulate recall PPD responses, mixed leukocyte responses, or hepatitis B-specific CD8 responses.
167	14670336	The adenovirus vector itself stimulated a strong recall CD4 response in all individuals tested, and also induced up-regulation of class I MHC, CD86 and CD40 on the dendritic cell surface.
168	15128805	In view of this apparent association of HLA-A1101 with resistance to acquisition of HIV-1 infection, and given the importance of eliciting strong CTL responses to control and eliminate HIV-1, we have determined the crystal structure of HLA-A1101 complexed with two immunodominant HIV-1 CTL epitopes: the nonamer reverse transcriptase(313-321) (AIFQSSMTK) and decamer Nef(73-82) (QVPLRPMTYK) peptides.
169	15262497	When iDCs were infected with HIV/VSV-G/+Nef, the surface expression of CD1a, a molecule for presenting glycolipid/lipid antigens, was selectively down-regulated among CD1 molecules (CD1a, -b, -c, and -d) as well as class I MHC.
170	15865223	Vaccination with MVA-nef was associated with recognition of new HIV-1 T-cell epitopes (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in 9/14 patients, CD4 epitope/recombinant Nef protein in 2/14) and an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
171	16082422	This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: Abiraterone acetate, acyline, adalimumab, adenosine triphosphate, AEE-788, AIDSVAX gp120 B/B, AK-602, alefacept, alemtuzumab, alendronic acid sodium salt, alicaforsen sodium, alprazolam, amdoxovir, AMG-162, aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride, aminolevulinic acid methyl ester, aminophylline hydrate, anakinra, anecortave acetate, anti-CTLA-4 MAb, APC-8015, aripiprazole, aspirin, atazanavir sulfate, atomoxetine hydrochloride, atorvastatin calcium, atrasentan, AVE-5883, AZD-2171; Betamethasone dipropionate, bevacizumab, bimatoprost, biphasic human insulin (prb), bortezomib, BR-A-657, BRL-55730, budesonide, busulfan; Calcipotriol, calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate, calcium folinate, capecitabine, capravirine, carmustine, caspofungin acetate, cefdinir, certolizumab pegol, CG-53135, chlorambucil, ciclesonide, ciclosporin, cisplatin, clofarabine, clopidogrel hydrogensulfate, clozapine, co-trimoxazole, CP-122721, creatine, CY-2301, cyclophosphamide, cypher, cytarabine, cytolin; D0401, darbepoetin alfa, darifenacin hydrobromide, DASB, desipramine hydrochloride, desloratadine, desvenlafaxine succinate, dexamethasone, didanosine, diquafosol tetrasodium, docetaxel, doxorubicin hydrochloride, drotrecogin alfa (activated), duloxetine hydrochloride, dutasteride; Ecallantide, efalizumab, efavirenz, eletriptan, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, enoxaparin sodium, estramustine phosphate sodium, etanercept, ethinylestradiol, etonogestrel, etonogestrel/ethinylestradiol, etoposide, exenatide; Famciclovir, fampridine, febuxostat, filgrastim, fludarabine phosphate, fluocinolone acetonide, fluorouracil, fluticasone propionate, fluvastatin sodium, fondaparinux sodium; Gaboxadol, gamma-hydroxybutyrate sodium, gefitinib, gelclair, gemcitabine, gemfibrozil, glibenclamide, glyminox; Haloperidol, heparin sodium, HPV 16/HPV 18 vaccine, human insulin, human insulin; Icatibant, imatinib mesylate, indium 111 (111In) ibritumomab tiuxetan, infliximab, INKP-100, iodine (I131) tositumomab, IoGen, ipratropium bromide, ixabepilone; L-870810, lamivudine, lapatinib, laquinimod, latanoprost, levonorgestrel, licochalcone a, liposomal doxorubicin, lopinavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, lorazepam, lovastatin; Maraviroc, maribavir, matuzumab, MDL-100907, melphalan, methotrexate, methylprednisolone, mitomycin, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, MK-0431, MN-001, MRKAd5 HIV-1 gag/pol/nef, MRKAd5gag, MVA.HIVA, MVA-BN Nef, MVA-Muc1-IL-2, mycophenolate mofetil; Nelfinavir mesilate, nesiritide, NSC-330507; Olanzapine, olmesartan medoxomil, omalizumab, oral insulin, osanetant; PA-457, paclitaxel, paroxetine, paroxetine hydrochloride, PCK-3145, PEG-filgrastim, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, perillyl alcohol, pexelizumab, pimecrolimus, pitavastatin calcium, porfiromycin, prasterone, prasugrel, pravastatin sodium, prednisone, pregabalin, prinomastat, PRO-2000, propofol, prostate cancer vaccine; Rasagiline mesilate, rhBMP-2/ACS, rhBMP-2/BCP, rhC1, ribavirin, rilpivirine, ritonavir, rituximab, Ro-26-9228, rosuvastatin calcium, rosuvastatin sodium, rubitecan; Selodenoson, simvastatin, sirolimus, sitaxsentan sodium, sorafenib, SS(dsFv)-PE38, St.
172	16432028	Tat was inactivated through shuffling of gene fragments, whilst maintaining all potential epitopes; the active site of RT was mutated; 124 aa were removed from the cytoplasmic tail of gp160; and Nef and Gag myristylation sites were inactivated.
173	16456029	However, the frequencies of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells, as measured by IFN-gamma secretion and tetramer binding, often do not correlate with a delay in disease progression during chronic infection.
174	16456029	Using the Lysispot and ELISPOT assays, we measured the frequencies of cytotoxic and IFN-gamma-secreting T cells responding to overlapping peptides from Gag, Nef, Env, and Pol consensus HIV-1 clade B sequences.
175	16469420	We used as models two MHC class II-restricted peptides, one derived from the HIV Nef regulatory protein (Nef (56-68)) and the other from the Schistosoma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione-S-transferase (Sm28GST (190-211)).
176	16696550	Nef also functions as an adaptor or connector protein downregulating CD4 and CCR5, the key receptor and one of the coreceptors for HIV.
177	16857988	Moreover, we found that the up-regulated production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta (MIP-1beta), but not MIP-1alpha, in MDMs by Nef expression was considerably suppressed by Lenti shNef366, which suggests that HIV-1 dissemination to T cells through its interaction with HIV-1-infected MDMs can also be controlled by Lenti shNef366.
178	17312117	The early proteins Tat, Rev, and Nef may be better CD8(+) T cell targets than the late-expressed structural proteins Gag, Pol, and Env.
179	17312117	In this study, we show that Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells recognize infected CD4(+) T lymphocytes as early as 2 h postinfection, before proviral DNA integration, viral protein synthesis, and Nef-mediated MHC class I down-regulation.
180	17329342	T cells were evaluated for gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion using two peptide panels: subtype B consensus (CON) peptides and a novel peptide panel providing 70% coverage of PTE in subtype B HIV-1 Nef.
181	17537854	We computationally derived COT sequences from circulating HIV-1 subtype B sequences for the genes encoding the major viral structural protein (Gag) and two regulatory proteins, Tat and Nef.
182	17537854	COT Gag was shown to generate virus-like particles, while COT Tat transactivated gene expression from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat and COT Nef mediated downregulation of cell surface major histocompatibility complex class I.
183	17537854	We computationally derived COT sequences from circulating HIV-1 subtype B sequences for the genes encoding the major viral structural protein (Gag) and two regulatory proteins, Tat and Nef.
184	17537854	COT Gag was shown to generate virus-like particles, while COT Tat transactivated gene expression from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat and COT Nef mediated downregulation of cell surface major histocompatibility complex class I.
185	17600593	Presence of HIV-1 Nef specific CD4 T cell response is associated with non-progression in HIV-1 infection.
186	17600593	All high responder patients conserved stable CD4 counts, proliferative response to Nef peptides as strong IFN-gamma secretion during this 24-month period.
187	17600593	So, early good T CD4 response to peptides of the Nef protein could thus be regarded as a factor of good prognosis in HIV infection and a tool of importance in the decision to put or not a patient under treatment.
188	17600593	Presence of HIV-1 Nef specific CD4 T cell response is associated with non-progression in HIV-1 infection.
189	17600593	All high responder patients conserved stable CD4 counts, proliferative response to Nef peptides as strong IFN-gamma secretion during this 24-month period.
190	17600593	So, early good T CD4 response to peptides of the Nef protein could thus be regarded as a factor of good prognosis in HIV infection and a tool of importance in the decision to put or not a patient under treatment.
191	17600593	Presence of HIV-1 Nef specific CD4 T cell response is associated with non-progression in HIV-1 infection.
192	17600593	All high responder patients conserved stable CD4 counts, proliferative response to Nef peptides as strong IFN-gamma secretion during this 24-month period.
193	17600593	So, early good T CD4 response to peptides of the Nef protein could thus be regarded as a factor of good prognosis in HIV infection and a tool of importance in the decision to put or not a patient under treatment.
194	17661202	A Comparison of 3 tumor markers (MIA, TA90IC, S100B) in stage III melanoma patients.
195	17699580	To address this issue, we explored CD8+ T-cell recognition of epitopes derived from two other relatively large virion proteins, Pol and Nef.
196	17699580	Additionally, we show that SIVmac239 Nef downregulated surface major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules beginning at 12 h postinfection, concomitant with presentation of Nef-derived CD8+ T-cell epitopes.
197	17699580	To address this issue, we explored CD8+ T-cell recognition of epitopes derived from two other relatively large virion proteins, Pol and Nef.
198	17699580	Additionally, we show that SIVmac239 Nef downregulated surface major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules beginning at 12 h postinfection, concomitant with presentation of Nef-derived CD8+ T-cell epitopes.
199	17725421	While peptides that were most frequently recognized by the CTL response in Nef and p24 tended to be conserved, this was not the case for p17 where epitope recognition coincided with highly variable regions.
200	17725421	Only 52% of the Nef peptides and 64% of the Gag peptides that elicited a CTL response contained sequence motifs thought to be required for binding by the HLA-A or -B alleles found in the corresponding patient.
201	17725421	While peptides that were most frequently recognized by the CTL response in Nef and p24 tended to be conserved, this was not the case for p17 where epitope recognition coincided with highly variable regions.
202	17725421	Only 52% of the Nef peptides and 64% of the Gag peptides that elicited a CTL response contained sequence motifs thought to be required for binding by the HLA-A or -B alleles found in the corresponding patient.
203	17869341	Immunogenic properties of the combined vaccine CombiHIVvac, comprising polyepitope HIV-1 immunogens, one being the artificial polyepitope protein TBI, containing the T- and B-cell epitopes from Env and Gag proteins, and the DNA vaccine construct pcDNA-TCI coding for the artificial protein TCI, carrying over 80 T-cell epitopes (both CD4+ CTL and CD8+ Th) from Env, Gag, Pol, and Nef proteins, are studied in this work.
204	17869341	The analysis performed suggests that the presence of CD4+ T-helper epitopes, which can be presented by MHC class II, in the protein TCI may be the main reason underlying the increased synthesis of antibodies to TBI protein due to a CD4-mediated stimulation of B-cell proliferation and differentiation.
205	18753198	Seven rhesus macaques per group were primed twice with multigenic SIV plasmid DNA with or without interleukin-12 (IL-12) DNA or IL-15 DNA.
206	18753198	After a multigenic replicating Ad-SIV immunization, all groups received two booster immunizations with SIV gp140 and SIV Nef protein.
207	18753198	Macaques that received IL-15-DNA exhibited higher peak anti-Nef titers, a more rapid anti-Nef anamnestic response postchallenge, and expanded CD8(CM) T cells 2 weeks postchallenge compared to the DNA-only group.
208	18985383	IFN-gamma ELISpot assay was used to screen CTL responses at single peptide level directed at HIV-1 subtype C Gag and Nef proteins in 30 antiretroviral therapy naive HIV-1 infected Indian individuals.
209	19225081	We designed a novel MHC class II molecule-peptide microarray binding assay and evaluated 346 peptides from already identified human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epitopes and an additional set (n = 206) of 20-mer peptides, overlapping by 15 amino acid residues, from HIV type 1B (HIV-1B) gp160 and Nef as a paradigm.
210	19225081	MHC class II binding peptides reside within previously described immunogenic regions of HIV gp160 and Nef, yet we could also identify new MHC class II binding peptides from gp160 and Nef.
211	19225081	We designed a novel MHC class II molecule-peptide microarray binding assay and evaluated 346 peptides from already identified human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epitopes and an additional set (n = 206) of 20-mer peptides, overlapping by 15 amino acid residues, from HIV type 1B (HIV-1B) gp160 and Nef as a paradigm.
212	19225081	MHC class II binding peptides reside within previously described immunogenic regions of HIV gp160 and Nef, yet we could also identify new MHC class II binding peptides from gp160 and Nef.
213	19549607	Serum IgG and IgA antibodies directed against gp160, p24, or Nef were also produced regardless of immunization route used.
214	19549607	Neutralizing reactivity was also detected after s.c. and i.m. immunizations in the presence of the cytokine adjuvant granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
215	19800648	This approach relies on high levels of incorporation in HIV-1 VLPs of a mutant of HIV-1 Nef (Nef(mut)) which can act as anchoring element for foreign proteins.
216	19800648	By in vitro assay, we found that VLP-associated Nef(mut) is efficiently cross-presented by antigen presenting cells.
217	19800648	Inoculation in mice of VLPs incorporating the HPV-16 E7 protein fused to Nef(mut) led to an anti-E7 CD8(+) T cell response much stronger than that elicited by E7 recombinant protein inoculated with incomplete Freund's adjuvant and correlating with well-detectable anti-E7 CTL activity.
218	19800648	Most relevantly, mice immunized with Nef(mut)-E7 VLPs developed a protective immune response against tumors induced by E7 expressing tumor cells.
219	19800648	These results make Nef(mut) VLPs a promising candidate for new vaccine strategies focused on the induction of CD8(+) T cell immunity.
220	19800648	This approach relies on high levels of incorporation in HIV-1 VLPs of a mutant of HIV-1 Nef (Nef(mut)) which can act as anchoring element for foreign proteins.
221	19800648	By in vitro assay, we found that VLP-associated Nef(mut) is efficiently cross-presented by antigen presenting cells.
222	19800648	Inoculation in mice of VLPs incorporating the HPV-16 E7 protein fused to Nef(mut) led to an anti-E7 CD8(+) T cell response much stronger than that elicited by E7 recombinant protein inoculated with incomplete Freund's adjuvant and correlating with well-detectable anti-E7 CTL activity.
223	19800648	Most relevantly, mice immunized with Nef(mut)-E7 VLPs developed a protective immune response against tumors induced by E7 expressing tumor cells.
224	19800648	These results make Nef(mut) VLPs a promising candidate for new vaccine strategies focused on the induction of CD8(+) T cell immunity.
225	19800648	This approach relies on high levels of incorporation in HIV-1 VLPs of a mutant of HIV-1 Nef (Nef(mut)) which can act as anchoring element for foreign proteins.
226	19800648	By in vitro assay, we found that VLP-associated Nef(mut) is efficiently cross-presented by antigen presenting cells.
227	19800648	Inoculation in mice of VLPs incorporating the HPV-16 E7 protein fused to Nef(mut) led to an anti-E7 CD8(+) T cell response much stronger than that elicited by E7 recombinant protein inoculated with incomplete Freund's adjuvant and correlating with well-detectable anti-E7 CTL activity.
228	19800648	Most relevantly, mice immunized with Nef(mut)-E7 VLPs developed a protective immune response against tumors induced by E7 expressing tumor cells.
229	19800648	These results make Nef(mut) VLPs a promising candidate for new vaccine strategies focused on the induction of CD8(+) T cell immunity.
230	19800648	This approach relies on high levels of incorporation in HIV-1 VLPs of a mutant of HIV-1 Nef (Nef(mut)) which can act as anchoring element for foreign proteins.
231	19800648	By in vitro assay, we found that VLP-associated Nef(mut) is efficiently cross-presented by antigen presenting cells.
232	19800648	Inoculation in mice of VLPs incorporating the HPV-16 E7 protein fused to Nef(mut) led to an anti-E7 CD8(+) T cell response much stronger than that elicited by E7 recombinant protein inoculated with incomplete Freund's adjuvant and correlating with well-detectable anti-E7 CTL activity.
233	19800648	Most relevantly, mice immunized with Nef(mut)-E7 VLPs developed a protective immune response against tumors induced by E7 expressing tumor cells.
234	19800648	These results make Nef(mut) VLPs a promising candidate for new vaccine strategies focused on the induction of CD8(+) T cell immunity.
235	19800648	This approach relies on high levels of incorporation in HIV-1 VLPs of a mutant of HIV-1 Nef (Nef(mut)) which can act as anchoring element for foreign proteins.
236	19800648	By in vitro assay, we found that VLP-associated Nef(mut) is efficiently cross-presented by antigen presenting cells.
237	19800648	Inoculation in mice of VLPs incorporating the HPV-16 E7 protein fused to Nef(mut) led to an anti-E7 CD8(+) T cell response much stronger than that elicited by E7 recombinant protein inoculated with incomplete Freund's adjuvant and correlating with well-detectable anti-E7 CTL activity.
238	19800648	Most relevantly, mice immunized with Nef(mut)-E7 VLPs developed a protective immune response against tumors induced by E7 expressing tumor cells.
239	19800648	These results make Nef(mut) VLPs a promising candidate for new vaccine strategies focused on the induction of CD8(+) T cell immunity.
240	20363973	Sequences covering predicted and tested HLA class I-restricted epitopes (peptides) within the HIV-Gag, Pol, and Nef regions were obtained from 26 study subjects resulting in 1492 patient-specific peptide pairs.
241	21076072	Antibodies and lentiviruses that specifically recognize a T cell epitope derived from HIV-1 Nef protein and presented by HLA-C.
242	21076072	In this study, we describe the development of a high-affinity human Ab that specifically interacts, at low pM concentrations, with a conserved viral T cell epitope derived from HIV-1 Nef protein and presented by HLA-C.
243	21076072	Engineering lentiviruses to display this Ab endowed them with the same specificity as the Ab, whereas coexpressing the Ab and Fas ligand enables the lentiviruses to kill specifically Nef-presenting cells.
244	21076072	Antibodies and lentiviruses that specifically recognize a T cell epitope derived from HIV-1 Nef protein and presented by HLA-C.
245	21076072	In this study, we describe the development of a high-affinity human Ab that specifically interacts, at low pM concentrations, with a conserved viral T cell epitope derived from HIV-1 Nef protein and presented by HLA-C.
246	21076072	Engineering lentiviruses to display this Ab endowed them with the same specificity as the Ab, whereas coexpressing the Ab and Fas ligand enables the lentiviruses to kill specifically Nef-presenting cells.
247	21443546	The HIV-1 capsid protein p24 and a fusion of p24 with the negative regulatory protein Nef (p24-Nef) accumulate to ∼4% and ∼40% of the total soluble protein of leaves of transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants.
248	21443546	Oral administration of a partially purified preparation of chloroplast-derived p24-Nef fusion protein, used as a booster after subcutaneous injection with either p24 or Nef, also elicited strong antigen-specific serum IgG responses.
249	21443546	These results indicate that chloroplast-derived HIV-1 p24-Nef is a promising candidate as a component of a subunit vaccine delivered by oral boosting, after subcutaneous priming by injection of p24 and/or Nef.
250	21443546	The HIV-1 capsid protein p24 and a fusion of p24 with the negative regulatory protein Nef (p24-Nef) accumulate to ∼4% and ∼40% of the total soluble protein of leaves of transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants.
251	21443546	Oral administration of a partially purified preparation of chloroplast-derived p24-Nef fusion protein, used as a booster after subcutaneous injection with either p24 or Nef, also elicited strong antigen-specific serum IgG responses.
252	21443546	These results indicate that chloroplast-derived HIV-1 p24-Nef is a promising candidate as a component of a subunit vaccine delivered by oral boosting, after subcutaneous priming by injection of p24 and/or Nef.
253	21443546	The HIV-1 capsid protein p24 and a fusion of p24 with the negative regulatory protein Nef (p24-Nef) accumulate to ∼4% and ∼40% of the total soluble protein of leaves of transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants.
254	21443546	Oral administration of a partially purified preparation of chloroplast-derived p24-Nef fusion protein, used as a booster after subcutaneous injection with either p24 or Nef, also elicited strong antigen-specific serum IgG responses.
255	21443546	These results indicate that chloroplast-derived HIV-1 p24-Nef is a promising candidate as a component of a subunit vaccine delivered by oral boosting, after subcutaneous priming by injection of p24 and/or Nef.
256	24609066	Here, the breadth and specificity of T-cell responses induced following vaccination with replication-defective adenovirus serotype 35 (Ad35) vectors containing a fusion protein of Gag, reverse transcriptase (RT), Integrase (Int) and Nef (Ad35-GRIN) and Env (Ad35-ENV), derived from HIV-1 subtype A isolates, was assessed in 25 individuals.
257	24744786	We have found the role of specific HLA supertypes such as HLA B∗07, HLA B∗58, and HLA A∗03 in selecting the hydrophobic and conserved amino acid positions within Nef and Gag proteins, to be presented as epitopes.
258	24744786	The analyses revealed that the clusters of optimal epitopes for Nef and p24 proteins of HIV-1 could potentially serve as a source of vaccine.
259	24744786	We have found the role of specific HLA supertypes such as HLA B∗07, HLA B∗58, and HLA A∗03 in selecting the hydrophobic and conserved amino acid positions within Nef and Gag proteins, to be presented as epitopes.
260	24744786	The analyses revealed that the clusters of optimal epitopes for Nef and p24 proteins of HIV-1 could potentially serve as a source of vaccine.
261	24789790	The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein Nef is heavily targeted by CD8(+) T lymphocytes (CTLs) during acute infection and therefore is included in many candidate vaccines.
262	24789790	Nef-mediated downregulation of CD4 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules was better preserved in acute infection than in chronic infection.
263	24866397	Using the early protein HIV Nef, new HLA class I binding epitopes of importance for immune responses to HIV were predicted for common African alleles.
264	25350851	CD8 and CD4 epitope predictions in RV144: no strong evidence of a T-cell driven sieve effect in HIV-1 breakthrough sequences from trial participants.
265	25350851	CD8 and CD4 T cell epitope repertoires were predicted in HIV-1 proteomes from 110 RV144 participants.
266	25350851	After comparing participant-derived epitopes to corresponding epitopes in the RV144 vaccine, the proportion of epitopes that could be matched differed depending on the protein conservation (only 36% of epitopes in Env vs 84-91% in Gag/Pol/Nef for CD8 predicted epitopes) or on vaccine insert subtype (55% against CRF01_AE vs 7% against subtype B).
267	26403975	In the present study we used a fusion peptide from HIV-1 p24 and Nef as vaccine model and adjuvant activity of Naloxone/alum mixture was evaluated in a peptide vaccine model.