# |
PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
19278729
|
Peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), lipoprotein (LP), and DNA were also isolated from the bacteria, and used to stimulate BM-DCs.
|
2 |
19278729
|
Stimulation with TNF, S. gordonii, PGN, LTA, or LP all resulted in increased surface expression of MHCII, CD80, and CD86, compared to unstimulated BM-DCs.
|
3 |
19278729
|
Stimulation with S. gordonii elicited IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70 production from the BM-DCs, while stimulation with the bacterial components induced some or all of the three cytokines.
|
4 |
19278729
|
When BM-DCs were simultaneously stimulated with S. gordonii and TNF, a marginal increase in surface marker upregulation was observed, and the two stimuli synergized to elicit substantially greater quantities of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70.
|
5 |
19278729
|
The effect of TNF was abolished when BM-DCs were obtained from mice deficient for either TNFR1 or TNFR2, and cytokine induction by S. gordonii was entirely dependent on functional MyD88.
|
6 |
19278729
|
Synergistic IL-10 induction by S. gordonii and TNF was not observed in TLR-2(-/-) BM-DCs, and TNF was found to cause TLR-2 upregulation, providing at least a partial mechanism for the observed synergy.
|
7 |
21188584
|
Bacterial cell wall polysaccharides, such as PGN, bind and activate TLR-2, NOD2 and PGRP on monocytes/macrophages and activate inflammation.
|
8 |
21188584
|
MTP, MDP, and lysine-less PGN bind to TLR-2, 87-113.
|
9 |
21450974
|
The objectives of this study were to examine the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factors (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB] and activating protein 1 [AP-1]) in peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced iNOS expression and NO production in macrophages.
|
10 |
21450974
|
PGN stimulates the activation of all three classes of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38(mapk) in macrophages, albeit with differential activation kinetics.
|
11 |
21450974
|
Using a selective inhibitor of JNK (SP600125) and JNK1/2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) knocked-down macrophages, it was observed that PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression is significantly inhibited.
|
12 |
21450974
|
This suggested that JNK MAPK plays an essential role in PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
13 |
21450974
|
In contrast, inhibition of the ERK pathway using PD98059 dose dependently enhanced PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
14 |
21450974
|
PGN-induced ERK activation was attenuated in ERK1/2 siRNA knocked-down macrophages; however, NO and iNOS expression were significantly enhanced.
|
15 |
21450974
|
An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that SP600125 inhibited PGN-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activation, whereas inhibition of the ERK pathway enhanced NF-κB activation, but with no effect on AP-1.
|
16 |
21450974
|
These results indicate that the JNK MAPK positively regulate PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression by activating NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, whereas the ERK pathway plays a negative regulatory role via affecting NF-κB activity.
|
17 |
21450974
|
The objectives of this study were to examine the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factors (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB] and activating protein 1 [AP-1]) in peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced iNOS expression and NO production in macrophages.
|
18 |
21450974
|
PGN stimulates the activation of all three classes of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38(mapk) in macrophages, albeit with differential activation kinetics.
|
19 |
21450974
|
Using a selective inhibitor of JNK (SP600125) and JNK1/2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) knocked-down macrophages, it was observed that PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression is significantly inhibited.
|
20 |
21450974
|
This suggested that JNK MAPK plays an essential role in PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
21 |
21450974
|
In contrast, inhibition of the ERK pathway using PD98059 dose dependently enhanced PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
22 |
21450974
|
PGN-induced ERK activation was attenuated in ERK1/2 siRNA knocked-down macrophages; however, NO and iNOS expression were significantly enhanced.
|
23 |
21450974
|
An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that SP600125 inhibited PGN-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activation, whereas inhibition of the ERK pathway enhanced NF-κB activation, but with no effect on AP-1.
|
24 |
21450974
|
These results indicate that the JNK MAPK positively regulate PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression by activating NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, whereas the ERK pathway plays a negative regulatory role via affecting NF-κB activity.
|
25 |
21450974
|
The objectives of this study were to examine the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factors (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB] and activating protein 1 [AP-1]) in peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced iNOS expression and NO production in macrophages.
|
26 |
21450974
|
PGN stimulates the activation of all three classes of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38(mapk) in macrophages, albeit with differential activation kinetics.
|
27 |
21450974
|
Using a selective inhibitor of JNK (SP600125) and JNK1/2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) knocked-down macrophages, it was observed that PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression is significantly inhibited.
|
28 |
21450974
|
This suggested that JNK MAPK plays an essential role in PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
29 |
21450974
|
In contrast, inhibition of the ERK pathway using PD98059 dose dependently enhanced PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
30 |
21450974
|
PGN-induced ERK activation was attenuated in ERK1/2 siRNA knocked-down macrophages; however, NO and iNOS expression were significantly enhanced.
|
31 |
21450974
|
An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that SP600125 inhibited PGN-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activation, whereas inhibition of the ERK pathway enhanced NF-κB activation, but with no effect on AP-1.
|
32 |
21450974
|
These results indicate that the JNK MAPK positively regulate PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression by activating NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, whereas the ERK pathway plays a negative regulatory role via affecting NF-κB activity.
|
33 |
21450974
|
The objectives of this study were to examine the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factors (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB] and activating protein 1 [AP-1]) in peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced iNOS expression and NO production in macrophages.
|
34 |
21450974
|
PGN stimulates the activation of all three classes of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38(mapk) in macrophages, albeit with differential activation kinetics.
|
35 |
21450974
|
Using a selective inhibitor of JNK (SP600125) and JNK1/2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) knocked-down macrophages, it was observed that PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression is significantly inhibited.
|
36 |
21450974
|
This suggested that JNK MAPK plays an essential role in PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
37 |
21450974
|
In contrast, inhibition of the ERK pathway using PD98059 dose dependently enhanced PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
38 |
21450974
|
PGN-induced ERK activation was attenuated in ERK1/2 siRNA knocked-down macrophages; however, NO and iNOS expression were significantly enhanced.
|
39 |
21450974
|
An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that SP600125 inhibited PGN-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activation, whereas inhibition of the ERK pathway enhanced NF-κB activation, but with no effect on AP-1.
|
40 |
21450974
|
These results indicate that the JNK MAPK positively regulate PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression by activating NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, whereas the ERK pathway plays a negative regulatory role via affecting NF-κB activity.
|
41 |
21450974
|
The objectives of this study were to examine the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factors (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB] and activating protein 1 [AP-1]) in peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced iNOS expression and NO production in macrophages.
|
42 |
21450974
|
PGN stimulates the activation of all three classes of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38(mapk) in macrophages, albeit with differential activation kinetics.
|
43 |
21450974
|
Using a selective inhibitor of JNK (SP600125) and JNK1/2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) knocked-down macrophages, it was observed that PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression is significantly inhibited.
|
44 |
21450974
|
This suggested that JNK MAPK plays an essential role in PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
45 |
21450974
|
In contrast, inhibition of the ERK pathway using PD98059 dose dependently enhanced PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
46 |
21450974
|
PGN-induced ERK activation was attenuated in ERK1/2 siRNA knocked-down macrophages; however, NO and iNOS expression were significantly enhanced.
|
47 |
21450974
|
An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that SP600125 inhibited PGN-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activation, whereas inhibition of the ERK pathway enhanced NF-κB activation, but with no effect on AP-1.
|
48 |
21450974
|
These results indicate that the JNK MAPK positively regulate PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression by activating NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, whereas the ERK pathway plays a negative regulatory role via affecting NF-κB activity.
|
49 |
21450974
|
The objectives of this study were to examine the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factors (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB] and activating protein 1 [AP-1]) in peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced iNOS expression and NO production in macrophages.
|
50 |
21450974
|
PGN stimulates the activation of all three classes of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38(mapk) in macrophages, albeit with differential activation kinetics.
|
51 |
21450974
|
Using a selective inhibitor of JNK (SP600125) and JNK1/2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) knocked-down macrophages, it was observed that PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression is significantly inhibited.
|
52 |
21450974
|
This suggested that JNK MAPK plays an essential role in PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
53 |
21450974
|
In contrast, inhibition of the ERK pathway using PD98059 dose dependently enhanced PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
54 |
21450974
|
PGN-induced ERK activation was attenuated in ERK1/2 siRNA knocked-down macrophages; however, NO and iNOS expression were significantly enhanced.
|
55 |
21450974
|
An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that SP600125 inhibited PGN-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activation, whereas inhibition of the ERK pathway enhanced NF-κB activation, but with no effect on AP-1.
|
56 |
21450974
|
These results indicate that the JNK MAPK positively regulate PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression by activating NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, whereas the ERK pathway plays a negative regulatory role via affecting NF-κB activity.
|
57 |
21450974
|
The objectives of this study were to examine the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factors (nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB] and activating protein 1 [AP-1]) in peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced iNOS expression and NO production in macrophages.
|
58 |
21450974
|
PGN stimulates the activation of all three classes of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38(mapk) in macrophages, albeit with differential activation kinetics.
|
59 |
21450974
|
Using a selective inhibitor of JNK (SP600125) and JNK1/2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) knocked-down macrophages, it was observed that PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression is significantly inhibited.
|
60 |
21450974
|
This suggested that JNK MAPK plays an essential role in PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
61 |
21450974
|
In contrast, inhibition of the ERK pathway using PD98059 dose dependently enhanced PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO production.
|
62 |
21450974
|
PGN-induced ERK activation was attenuated in ERK1/2 siRNA knocked-down macrophages; however, NO and iNOS expression were significantly enhanced.
|
63 |
21450974
|
An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that SP600125 inhibited PGN-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activation, whereas inhibition of the ERK pathway enhanced NF-κB activation, but with no effect on AP-1.
|
64 |
21450974
|
These results indicate that the JNK MAPK positively regulate PGN-induced iNOS and NO expression by activating NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors, whereas the ERK pathway plays a negative regulatory role via affecting NF-κB activity.
|
65 |
23467931
|
Transcriptional profiling further supported the notion that the PGN- and Poly I:C-induced effects were mediated through binding to TLR2/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 and TLR3/MDA5, respectively.
|
66 |
24076409
|
Urease, BabA and SabA in the adhesion-step, PGN and LPS in the immune evasion-step, and CagA, VacA and Tipα in the mucosal damage-step were documented to play an important role in step-specific pathogenicity of H. pylori infection.
|
67 |
24076409
|
There is evidence further supporting a role of potentially functional polymorphisms of host genes directly responding to these pathogenic step-specific virulence factors in the susceptibility of gastric carcinogenesis, especially for urease-interacting HLA class II genes, BabA-interacting MUC1, PGN-interacting NOD1, LPS-interacting TLR4, and CagA-interacting PTPN11 and CDH1.
|
68 |
24076409
|
Urease, BabA and SabA in the adhesion-step, PGN and LPS in the immune evasion-step, and CagA, VacA and Tipα in the mucosal damage-step were documented to play an important role in step-specific pathogenicity of H. pylori infection.
|
69 |
24076409
|
There is evidence further supporting a role of potentially functional polymorphisms of host genes directly responding to these pathogenic step-specific virulence factors in the susceptibility of gastric carcinogenesis, especially for urease-interacting HLA class II genes, BabA-interacting MUC1, PGN-interacting NOD1, LPS-interacting TLR4, and CagA-interacting PTPN11 and CDH1.
|