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Gene Information
Gene symbol: TH1L
Gene name: TH1-like (Drosophila)
HGNC ID: 15934
Synonyms: HSPC130, TH1, NELF-C, NELF-D
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 1533656 | Schistosoma mansoni infection in the mouse has been shown to be accompanied by a down-regulation in parasite-Ag- and mitogen-induced Th1 cytokine secretion (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) with a simultaneous increase in the production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), suggesting a generalized imbalance in lymphocyte function. |
| 2 | 1533656 | When spleen cells (SC) from schistosome-infected SwMb-immunized animals were stimulated with SwMb, their production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma per CD4+ cell was found to be significantly reduced (by 45% and 59%, respectively) compared with the responses observed in immunized uninfected animals. |
| 3 | 1533656 | Moreover, SwMb-induced secretion of IL-4 per CD4+ cell was increased threefold in SC cultures from infected mice. |
| 4 | 1533656 | No myoglobin-induced IL-5 was detected in the same cultures. |
| 5 | 1533656 | Addition to SC cultures of a neutralizing mAb specific for IL-10 partly restored the suppressed IFN-gamma response to SwMb seen in infected mice, suggesting a role for IL-10 in the observed down-regulation. |
| 6 | 1833466 | IFN-gamma modulates the early development of Th1 and Th2 responses in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| 7 | 1833466 | Resistance to Leishmania major in mice is associated with the generation of distinct CD4+ Th subsets, termed TH1 and TH2. |
| 8 | 1833466 | Lymph node (LN) cells collected 3 days after infection of BALB/c mice secreted IL-4 and IL-5 in vitro, but little IFN-gamma, whereas LN cells from a resistant strain, C3H/HeN, secreted IFN-gamma and no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 9 | 1833466 | Cytokine production was eliminated in both cases by in vivo or in vitro depletion of CD4+ cells, but not after depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 10 | 1833466 | We next investigated whether IFN-gamma was important in the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 11 | 1833466 | We confirmed this observation and found that the abrogation of resistance was associated with enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-5, and decreased production of IFN-gamma by cells taken from these mice. |
| 12 | 1833466 | Conversely, LN cells from BALB/c mice inoculated with parasites plus IFN-gamma produced significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma, and decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-5, than mice infected with parasites alone. |
| 13 | 1833466 | We found that s.c. immunization with soluble leishmanial Ag, the bacterial adjuvant, Corynebacterium parvum and IFN-gamma could protect mice against L. major infection, and that this protection was associated with induction of Th1 responses. |
| 14 | 1833466 | From these data we conclude that levels of IFN-gamma at the time of infection or immunization dramatically alters the type of response elicited: high levels of IFN-gamma favor Th1 type responses, whereas low levels promote a Th2 response. |
| 15 | 1833466 | IFN-gamma modulates the early development of Th1 and Th2 responses in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| 16 | 1833466 | Resistance to Leishmania major in mice is associated with the generation of distinct CD4+ Th subsets, termed TH1 and TH2. |
| 17 | 1833466 | Lymph node (LN) cells collected 3 days after infection of BALB/c mice secreted IL-4 and IL-5 in vitro, but little IFN-gamma, whereas LN cells from a resistant strain, C3H/HeN, secreted IFN-gamma and no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 18 | 1833466 | Cytokine production was eliminated in both cases by in vivo or in vitro depletion of CD4+ cells, but not after depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 19 | 1833466 | We next investigated whether IFN-gamma was important in the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 20 | 1833466 | We confirmed this observation and found that the abrogation of resistance was associated with enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-5, and decreased production of IFN-gamma by cells taken from these mice. |
| 21 | 1833466 | Conversely, LN cells from BALB/c mice inoculated with parasites plus IFN-gamma produced significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma, and decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-5, than mice infected with parasites alone. |
| 22 | 1833466 | We found that s.c. immunization with soluble leishmanial Ag, the bacterial adjuvant, Corynebacterium parvum and IFN-gamma could protect mice against L. major infection, and that this protection was associated with induction of Th1 responses. |
| 23 | 1833466 | From these data we conclude that levels of IFN-gamma at the time of infection or immunization dramatically alters the type of response elicited: high levels of IFN-gamma favor Th1 type responses, whereas low levels promote a Th2 response. |
| 24 | 1833466 | IFN-gamma modulates the early development of Th1 and Th2 responses in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| 25 | 1833466 | Resistance to Leishmania major in mice is associated with the generation of distinct CD4+ Th subsets, termed TH1 and TH2. |
| 26 | 1833466 | Lymph node (LN) cells collected 3 days after infection of BALB/c mice secreted IL-4 and IL-5 in vitro, but little IFN-gamma, whereas LN cells from a resistant strain, C3H/HeN, secreted IFN-gamma and no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 27 | 1833466 | Cytokine production was eliminated in both cases by in vivo or in vitro depletion of CD4+ cells, but not after depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 28 | 1833466 | We next investigated whether IFN-gamma was important in the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 29 | 1833466 | We confirmed this observation and found that the abrogation of resistance was associated with enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-5, and decreased production of IFN-gamma by cells taken from these mice. |
| 30 | 1833466 | Conversely, LN cells from BALB/c mice inoculated with parasites plus IFN-gamma produced significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma, and decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-5, than mice infected with parasites alone. |
| 31 | 1833466 | We found that s.c. immunization with soluble leishmanial Ag, the bacterial adjuvant, Corynebacterium parvum and IFN-gamma could protect mice against L. major infection, and that this protection was associated with induction of Th1 responses. |
| 32 | 1833466 | From these data we conclude that levels of IFN-gamma at the time of infection or immunization dramatically alters the type of response elicited: high levels of IFN-gamma favor Th1 type responses, whereas low levels promote a Th2 response. |
| 33 | 1833466 | IFN-gamma modulates the early development of Th1 and Th2 responses in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| 34 | 1833466 | Resistance to Leishmania major in mice is associated with the generation of distinct CD4+ Th subsets, termed TH1 and TH2. |
| 35 | 1833466 | Lymph node (LN) cells collected 3 days after infection of BALB/c mice secreted IL-4 and IL-5 in vitro, but little IFN-gamma, whereas LN cells from a resistant strain, C3H/HeN, secreted IFN-gamma and no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 36 | 1833466 | Cytokine production was eliminated in both cases by in vivo or in vitro depletion of CD4+ cells, but not after depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 37 | 1833466 | We next investigated whether IFN-gamma was important in the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 38 | 1833466 | We confirmed this observation and found that the abrogation of resistance was associated with enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-5, and decreased production of IFN-gamma by cells taken from these mice. |
| 39 | 1833466 | Conversely, LN cells from BALB/c mice inoculated with parasites plus IFN-gamma produced significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma, and decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-5, than mice infected with parasites alone. |
| 40 | 1833466 | We found that s.c. immunization with soluble leishmanial Ag, the bacterial adjuvant, Corynebacterium parvum and IFN-gamma could protect mice against L. major infection, and that this protection was associated with induction of Th1 responses. |
| 41 | 1833466 | From these data we conclude that levels of IFN-gamma at the time of infection or immunization dramatically alters the type of response elicited: high levels of IFN-gamma favor Th1 type responses, whereas low levels promote a Th2 response. |
| 42 | 1833466 | IFN-gamma modulates the early development of Th1 and Th2 responses in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| 43 | 1833466 | Resistance to Leishmania major in mice is associated with the generation of distinct CD4+ Th subsets, termed TH1 and TH2. |
| 44 | 1833466 | Lymph node (LN) cells collected 3 days after infection of BALB/c mice secreted IL-4 and IL-5 in vitro, but little IFN-gamma, whereas LN cells from a resistant strain, C3H/HeN, secreted IFN-gamma and no IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 45 | 1833466 | Cytokine production was eliminated in both cases by in vivo or in vitro depletion of CD4+ cells, but not after depletion of CD8+ cells. |
| 46 | 1833466 | We next investigated whether IFN-gamma was important in the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 47 | 1833466 | We confirmed this observation and found that the abrogation of resistance was associated with enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-5, and decreased production of IFN-gamma by cells taken from these mice. |
| 48 | 1833466 | Conversely, LN cells from BALB/c mice inoculated with parasites plus IFN-gamma produced significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma, and decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-5, than mice infected with parasites alone. |
| 49 | 1833466 | We found that s.c. immunization with soluble leishmanial Ag, the bacterial adjuvant, Corynebacterium parvum and IFN-gamma could protect mice against L. major infection, and that this protection was associated with induction of Th1 responses. |
| 50 | 1833466 | From these data we conclude that levels of IFN-gamma at the time of infection or immunization dramatically alters the type of response elicited: high levels of IFN-gamma favor Th1 type responses, whereas low levels promote a Th2 response. |
| 51 | 1901883 | In Leishmania major infections, cure vs progressive disease correlates with the expansion of Th1-like or Th2-like CD4+ populations, respectively. |
| 52 | 1901883 | Splenic lymphocytes from infected Lsh congenic C57BL/10 (Lshs;H-2b) and B10.L-Lshr (Lshr;H-2b) mice and MHC congenic non-curing B10.D2/n (Lshs;H-2d) mice were examined for the production of cytokines representative of these CD4+ populations (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma). |
| 53 | 1901883 | In the non-curing B10.D2/n strain, late phase of infection was associated with the decreased ability to produce cytokines in response to Ag and not with the production of IL-4 or IL-5 in response to Ag or mitogen. |
| 54 | 1901883 | Together, these data suggest that over-expansion of Th2-type cells and production of their specific cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) is not a contributing factor to the variable long term course of L. donovani infection in these strains of mice. |
| 55 | 1909711 | Francisella tularensis-induced in vitro gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 2 responses appear within 2 weeks of tularemia vaccination in human beings. |
| 56 | 1909711 | Positive in vitro T-cell responses in the form of lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion are found in memory immunity. |
| 57 | 1909711 | Positive reactions, i.e., responses exceeding those on day 0, were reached on day 10 with regard to the whole blood culture DNA synthesis response and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion and on day 14 with regard to the mononuclear cell DNA synthesis response and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion. |
| 58 | 1909711 | If it is shown later that specific T cells produce it, the TNF-alpha response and the negative IL-4 finding may speak for the importance of the Th1-like pattern in immunity to F. tularensis. |
| 59 | 7504709 | In this study we increase the evidence that schistosome TPI is a potential vaccine Ag by showing that it also a potent inducer of IL-2 and IFN-gamma production (Th1 responses), driving production of these cytokines in the same cell populations of infected animals that have high Th2 responses directed at other parasite egg Ag. |
| 60 | 7504709 | Finally we showed that both the full-length TPI molecule and the final version of the MAP were immunogenic to T cells in naive animals and induced cross-recognition in the form of IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 61 | 7571418 | More CD4+ than CD8+ gLN T cells were detected by flow cytometric analysis following primary vaginal inoculation and the majority of HSV-specific gLN T cells detected by ELISPOT were CD4+ and Th1-like based on secretion of IFN gamma and not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 62 | 7571418 | These data suggest that the urogenital cellular immune response elicited in mice following genital inoculation with HSV-2 tk- is predominantly CD4+ and Th1-like, resembling that observed in humans. |
| 63 | 7571418 | More CD4+ than CD8+ gLN T cells were detected by flow cytometric analysis following primary vaginal inoculation and the majority of HSV-specific gLN T cells detected by ELISPOT were CD4+ and Th1-like based on secretion of IFN gamma and not IL-4 or IL-5. |
| 64 | 7571418 | These data suggest that the urogenital cellular immune response elicited in mice following genital inoculation with HSV-2 tk- is predominantly CD4+ and Th1-like, resembling that observed in humans. |
| 65 | 7609036 | Vaccination with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing ICP27 induces protective immunity against herpes simplex virus through CD4+ Th1+ T cells. |
| 66 | 7609036 | Protection in BALB/c mice was ablated by CD4+ T-cell suppression but remained intact in animals depleted of CD8+ T cells. |
| 67 | 7609036 | Moreover, protection could be afforded to SCID nude recipients with CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells from ICP27-immunized mice. |
| 68 | 7612219 | Roles for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and IL-4 in Th1 and Th2 maturation have been demonstrated, although additional undefined signals are required. |
| 69 | 7722322 | Exposure to supernatant fluids (SNs) from Ag stimulated spleen cells of i.d., but not i.v. or i.m., immunized mice activated inflammatory M phi for in vitro killing of schistosome larvae, through a mechanism dependent on both IFN gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 70 | 7722322 | No evidence was observed for the preferential induction of the M phi activating Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 in i.d. immunized mice, nor did spleen cells from nonprotected animals produce higher levels of the Th2 associated cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, which are known to prevent M phi activation. |
| 71 | 7790090 | Human peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells express Th1-like cytokine mRNA and proteins following in vitro stimulation with heat-inactivated Brucella abortus. |
| 72 | 7790090 | Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5 induction was assayed by mRNA-specific PCR and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bioassay for protein production. |
| 73 | 7790090 | Following depletion of monocytes and B cells, B. abortus increased IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA expression in purified T cells compared with expression in unstimulated cells. |
| 74 | 7790090 | In contrast, no IL-5 mRNA expression and only transient low-level IL-4 mRNA expression and no IL-4 protein secretion were detected. |
| 75 | 7790090 | Both CD4+ and CD8+ populations produced IFN-gamma and IL-2 in response to B. abortus. |
| 76 | 7962541 | This was associated with an augmented CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, increased expression of IFN-gamma mRNA relative to IL-4 mRNA, and a higher titer of RSV-specific IgG2a in the anti-IL-4 treated mice before challenge. |
| 77 | 7962541 | These results suggest that inhibition of IL-4 action at immunization can shift the selective activation of lymphocytes to a more Th1-like response. |
| 78 | 8001028 | Productive immunity to murine and human parasites is associated with the development of a type I T cell response (interferon-gamma-producing) while type II responses (interleukin-4-producing) suppress the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and the elimination of the parasite. |
| 79 | 8001028 | Intravesical growth of MB49 results in the host-derived expression of mRNA for both interleukin-4 (IL-4) (TH2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) (TH1), as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) expression of indeterminate origin. |
| 80 | 8001028 | Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), highly effective in eliminating bladder tumors clinically and in experimental systems, results in IFN gamma and TNF alpha mRNa production in the bladder wall, but no IL-4. |
| 81 | 8001028 | Following BCG treatment of intravesical MB49, the number bladders expressing IL-4 mRNA decreases, while IFN gamma and TNF alpha expression remains constant. |
| 82 | 8013962 | High responders displayed a typical Th1-like profile since their PBMC produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (IFN gamma) and no detectable IL-4 or IL-5 upon stimulation with HBsAg. |
| 83 | 8093707 | Elevated serum IgG1, IgA, and IgE responses, weak or absent footpad reactions, sustained production in vitro of Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) but not Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) cytokines by CD4+ cells, and eosinophilia were all detected in DBA/2 mice after infection with the attenuated vaccine. |
| 84 | 8097759 | An HIV-1 envelope protein vaccine elicits a functionally complex human CD4+ T cell response that includes cytolytic T lymphocytes. |
| 85 | 8097759 | Antibody blocking and single cell cloning experiments demonstrated that the vaccine-induced cytolytic activity was mediated by CD4+, MHC class II-restricted T cells. |
| 86 | 8097759 | Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies revealed that the CD4+ CTL response was regulated in a complex manner and was not clearly correlated with MHC class II genotype, Ag dose, or number of immunizations. |
| 87 | 8097759 | Analysis of cytokine secretion by gp160-specific CD4+ T cell clones revealed Th0-, Th1-, and Th2-like patterns, with CD4+ CTL clones showing Th0- or T'1-like patterns. |
| 88 | 8097759 | Interestingly, many Th0- and Th1-like CTL clones produced very little IL-2, a finding that may explain the complicated regulation of this response. |
| 89 | 8103743 | Mycobacteria induce CD4+ T cells that are cytotoxic and display Th1-like cytokine secretion profile: heterogeneity in cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion levels. |
| 90 | 8103743 | Whether the cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are identical to or distinct from those that produce interferon (IFN)-gamma is also unknown. |
| 91 | 8103743 | To start addressing these issues, we have studied a large panel of CD4+ T cell clones specific for a broad range of mycobacterial antigens, and analyzed their ability to lyse mycobacterium-pulsed target cells and to release IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4. |
| 92 | 8103743 | CD4+ CTL released high levels of IFN-gamma, but low or nondetectable levels of IL-4. |
| 93 | 8103743 | Nevertheless they confirm and significantly extend previous observations and suggest that mycobacteria preferentially induce CD4+ T helper type 1 (Th1)-like cells that display cytotoxic activity, and release high levels of IFN-gamma but no or little IL-4. |
| 94 | 8103743 | The induction of such Th1 like cells is specific for mycobacteria since tetanus toxoid induced T cells that were poorly or not cytolytic and secreted high levels of IL-4. |
| 95 | 8103743 | Mycobacteria induce CD4+ T cells that are cytotoxic and display Th1-like cytokine secretion profile: heterogeneity in cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion levels. |
| 96 | 8103743 | Whether the cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are identical to or distinct from those that produce interferon (IFN)-gamma is also unknown. |
| 97 | 8103743 | To start addressing these issues, we have studied a large panel of CD4+ T cell clones specific for a broad range of mycobacterial antigens, and analyzed their ability to lyse mycobacterium-pulsed target cells and to release IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4. |
| 98 | 8103743 | CD4+ CTL released high levels of IFN-gamma, but low or nondetectable levels of IL-4. |
| 99 | 8103743 | Nevertheless they confirm and significantly extend previous observations and suggest that mycobacteria preferentially induce CD4+ T helper type 1 (Th1)-like cells that display cytotoxic activity, and release high levels of IFN-gamma but no or little IL-4. |
| 100 | 8103743 | The induction of such Th1 like cells is specific for mycobacteria since tetanus toxoid induced T cells that were poorly or not cytolytic and secreted high levels of IL-4. |
| 101 | 8103743 | Mycobacteria induce CD4+ T cells that are cytotoxic and display Th1-like cytokine secretion profile: heterogeneity in cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion levels. |
| 102 | 8103743 | Whether the cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are identical to or distinct from those that produce interferon (IFN)-gamma is also unknown. |
| 103 | 8103743 | To start addressing these issues, we have studied a large panel of CD4+ T cell clones specific for a broad range of mycobacterial antigens, and analyzed their ability to lyse mycobacterium-pulsed target cells and to release IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4. |
| 104 | 8103743 | CD4+ CTL released high levels of IFN-gamma, but low or nondetectable levels of IL-4. |
| 105 | 8103743 | Nevertheless they confirm and significantly extend previous observations and suggest that mycobacteria preferentially induce CD4+ T helper type 1 (Th1)-like cells that display cytotoxic activity, and release high levels of IFN-gamma but no or little IL-4. |
| 106 | 8103743 | The induction of such Th1 like cells is specific for mycobacteria since tetanus toxoid induced T cells that were poorly or not cytolytic and secreted high levels of IL-4. |
| 107 | 8104409 | Adjuvanticity is linked to the ability to stimulate the T-cell subsets that control the major features of specific immune responses: CD4+ TH1 and TH2 cells and CD8+ cells involved in cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. |
| 108 | 8120372 | The LN response to the vaccine was also reconstituted by IL-1 or Th2-associated cytokine IL-5. |
| 109 | 8120372 | In contrast, IFN-gamma, a Th1 cell-derived lymphokine was able to suppress the in vitro splenic response to the vaccine suggesting that differential activation of Th1 and Th2 types of Th cells might be one mechanism by which T cells regulate Ab responses to pneumococcal polysaccharides. |
| 110 | 8212313 | Adjuvanticity is linked to the ability to stimulate the T-cell subsets that control the major features of specific immune responses: CD4+ TH1 and TH2 cells and CD8+ cells involved in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. |
| 111 | 8315390 | Whereas in vivo administration of ovalbumin (OVA) induces cytokine synthesis that is neither Th1 nor Th2 dominated, administration of glutaraldehyde polymerized, high relative molecular weight OVA (OA-POL) leads to 20-fold increase in the ratio of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)/IL-4 and IFN-gamma/IL-10 synthesis observed after short-term, antigen-mediated restimulation directly ex vivo. |
| 112 | 8315390 | In contrast, concurrent in vivo administration of anti-IFN-gamma mAb and OVA or OA-POL results in marked increases in IL-4 and IL-10, and decreased IFN-gamma production, reflecting a polarization of the response towards a Th2-like pattern of cytokine synthesis. |
| 113 | 8345194 | In contrast, challenge of mice primed with live RSV by parenteral or mucosal routes induced a Th1-like pattern of cytokine mRNA expression (relative decrease in IL-4 mRNA expression compared to IFN-gamma mRNA expression). |
| 114 | 8537675 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from vaccinated infected subjects and vaccinated uninfected controls were evaluated for their ability to produce cytokines characteristic of Th1 or Th2 cells (interferon [IFN]-gamma or interleukin [IL]-4, respectively) after in vitro restimulation with TT. |
| 115 | 8546393 | Cytokine assays of the cell supernatants showed that approximately 100-fold more gamma-interferon than IL-4 was secreted during culture indicating that these vaccines elicited TH1-like responses. |
| 116 | 8607022 | From an immunologic perspective, these "neo-determinants" may now represent unique and highly specific epitopes for T cell (CD4+ and/or CD8+) recognition in cancer immunotherapy. |
| 117 | 8607022 | It has been demonstrated that (1) active immunization of mice with the appropriate mutant protein or peptides leads to the production of cytotoxic CD4+ (Th1 subtype) or CD8+ T lymphocytes, which mediate MHC-restricted, antigen-specific lysis of tumor cells in vitro bearing endogenous mutant ras epitopes; and (2) in vitro stimulation of human lymphocytes from some normal individuals or carcinoma patients with mutant ras peptides results in the expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ precursors, which may exhibit cytotoxicity against autologous or MHC-matched, antigen-bearing target cells. |
| 118 | 8706327 | In the present study we identified two epitopes of Y-hsp60 recognized by CD4+ Th1 cell clones. |
| 119 | 8709236 | These data show that intramuscular inoculation leads to Th1-like responses due to elevated IgG2a levels, production of gamma interferon, CTL activity, and lack of IL-4. |
| 120 | 8748254 | Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced Th1 type CD4+ suppressor T cells act by suppressing IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor expression. |
| 121 | 8748254 | These suppressor T cells were CD4+ and did not affect interleukin-1 production by adherent cells in response to BCG. |
| 122 | 8789600 | Induction of specific antibodies, of CD8+ T lymphocytes, and of CD4+ T lymphocytes differentiated toward the TH1-like phenotype have been achieved in animal models of diseases for which either no vaccines currently exist, or for which vaccine optimization is yet needed. |
| 123 | 8871602 | Splenic MHC class I CD8+ CTL activity (P < 0.08--0.001) and IFN-gamma production (0.1-0.008) measured on Days 8, 12, and 17 were significantly lower among old mice than among young mice. |
| 124 | 8871602 | Coadministration of liposomal influenza vaccine with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) resulted in enhanced CD8+ CTL response and IFN-gamma production among old mice (35 and 12,000 times, respectively). |
| 125 | 8871602 | These results demonstrate that MPL stimulates CTL and Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma) in aged mice and may serve to reverse age-related CD8+ CTL deficiency and reduce severe influenza disease in elderly human populations. |
| 126 | 8894351 | More recently, cells other than CD4+ T cells, including CD8+ T cells, monocytes, NK cells, B cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, and other cells, have been shown to be capable of producing "Th1" and "Th2" cytokines. |
| 127 | 8894351 | In this review, we examine the literature on human diseases, using the nomenclature of type 1 (Th1-like) and type 2 (Th2-like) cytokines, which includes all cell types producing these cytokines rather than only CD4+ T cells. |
| 128 | 8894351 | Type 1 cytokines include interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor beta, while type 2 cytokines include IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13. |
| 129 | 8894351 | For example, gamma interferon and IL-12 decrease the levels of type 2 cytokines whereas IL-4 and IL-10 decrease the levels of type 1 cytokines. |
| 130 | 8901428 | The consequences of complexing an antigen with specific antibodies upon the antigen-induced immune response were studied with respect to secretion of interleukin-2 (IL2), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-10 (IL10) and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma). |
| 131 | 8901428 | While tetanus toxoid antigen alone induced a typical Th1-like cytokine pattern with high levels of IL2 and IFN gamma, equivalent or antibody-excess immune complexes induced a marked secretion of IL6 and IL10 while failing to induce IL2 and IFN gamma secretion. |
| 132 | 8918692 | This was accompanied by augmentation of the IRBP-specific IgG1 antibody (Th2) response and down-regulation of the IRBP-specific IgG2a (Th1) response. |
| 133 | 8918692 | Consistent with this is the observation that two of two T cell lines established from p518-529-primed mice produced Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), whereas three of three T cell lines obtained from IRBP-primed mice produced Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma). |
| 134 | 8985336 | Plasmid vectors encoding the major (S) or middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were constructed and compared for their potential to induce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific immune responses with a vector encoding the middle envelope and IL-2 fusion protein or with a bicistronic vector separately encoding the middle envelope protein and IL-2. |
| 135 | 8985336 | The use of plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein in the fusion or nonfusion context resulted in enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses. |
| 136 | 8985336 | When restimulated with antigen in vitro, splenocytes from mice that received plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein produced much stronger T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses than did those from mice that had been given injections of plasmids encoding the envelope protein alone. |
| 137 | 9021916 | The enhanced immunity induced by DC-delivered DNA appeared to be associated mainly with an increased Th1 CD4+ T cell response. |
| 138 | 9024508 | Further, in vitro assays demonstrated that anti-p185 IgG (probably dependent on CD4+ Th1) were able to inhibit human SKBR3 tumour cell growth and to mediate their lysis by natural killer cells. |
| 139 | 9029137 | The T cell response primed by BCG vaccination was characterized as a CD4 response with a Th1-like cytokine pattern and substantial levels of Ag-specific cytotoxicity. |
| 140 | 9052739 | In BALB/c mice, intramuscular injection of either plasmid induced IgG2a antibodies associated with a Th1-like profile characterized by the in vitro splenic production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 141 | 9052739 | In control experiments, immunization using purified CAP antigen induced a predominant, but not exclusive, Th2-like profile as determined by the splenic production of IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 142 | 9052739 | For all CAP immunogens, MHC haplotype of immunized mice was found to influence seroconversion rates but not the type of cytokines produced in vitro. |
| 143 | 9080205 | The inflammatory CD4 (Th1) T cell mechanism has been established to be a critical pathway for autoimmune orchitis and autoimmune oophoritis; tumour necrosis factor has been shown to be required for amplification of the pathogenic T cell response. |
| 144 | 9127013 | HIV-1 env DNA vaccine administered to rhesus monkeys elicits MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T helper cells that secrete IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 145 | 9127013 | All of the CD4+ T cell lines responded to Env peptide by secreting IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha without appreciable IL-4 production. |
| 146 | 9127013 | Demonstration of a nucleotide vaccine eliciting a Th1-like immune response is consistent with the well documented ability of naked DNA vaccines to induce durable CD8+ CTL responses. |
| 147 | 9164952 | Rhesus macaques were orally immunized with a mucosal vaccine consisting of two different concentrations (1 mg vs 250 microg) of recombinant SIV p55gag (p55) with or without cholera toxin (CT, 50 microg) as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 148 | 9164952 | When culture supernatants from these p55-stimulated PBMCs were examined for Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines, both IFN-gamma and IL-10 were present, but IL-4 was absent. |
| 149 | 9164952 | CD4+ T cells isolated from these p55-stimulated PBMCs contained IFN-gamma spot-forming cells (SFCs) but not IL-4 SFCs. |
| 150 | 9164952 | These results were further confirmed by cytokine-specific reverse transcriptase PCR analysis, where p55-specific CD4+ T cells expressed mRNA for IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10, but not IL-4. |
| 151 | 9164952 | These findings suggest that oral immunization of nonhuman primates induced both IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 and select Th2 cytokine (e.g., IL-6 and IL-10)-producing CD4+ Th cells, which accounted for the generation of p55-specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses. |
| 152 | 9164952 | Rhesus macaques were orally immunized with a mucosal vaccine consisting of two different concentrations (1 mg vs 250 microg) of recombinant SIV p55gag (p55) with or without cholera toxin (CT, 50 microg) as a mucosal adjuvant. |
| 153 | 9164952 | When culture supernatants from these p55-stimulated PBMCs were examined for Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines, both IFN-gamma and IL-10 were present, but IL-4 was absent. |
| 154 | 9164952 | CD4+ T cells isolated from these p55-stimulated PBMCs contained IFN-gamma spot-forming cells (SFCs) but not IL-4 SFCs. |
| 155 | 9164952 | These results were further confirmed by cytokine-specific reverse transcriptase PCR analysis, where p55-specific CD4+ T cells expressed mRNA for IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10, but not IL-4. |
| 156 | 9164952 | These findings suggest that oral immunization of nonhuman primates induced both IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 and select Th2 cytokine (e.g., IL-6 and IL-10)-producing CD4+ Th cells, which accounted for the generation of p55-specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses. |
| 157 | 9190945 | C57BL/6 mice responded to the 38-kDa gene-pcDNA3 plasmid with strong CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses of the IFN-gamma-producing Tc1 phenotype. |
| 158 | 9190945 | Notably, the specificity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from DNA-vaccinated and tubercle-infected mice was found to be strikingly different in respect of several peptide epitopes. |
| 159 | 9224970 | Th1 favor rejection (tumoral, fetal or of transplants) through the elaboration of IL-2, IFN and TNF while Th2 led to tolerance or acceptation through the production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10: both functions neutralize each other establishing a "normal" equilibrium Th1 vs Th2. |
| 160 | 9227322 | We studied the regulatory role of interleukin-4 (IL-4; Th2 response) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; Th1 response) in HIV infection and its role in the generation of HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in an in vitro system. |
| 161 | 9227322 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin and tetanus toxoid in the presence or absence of IL-4 to determine the effect of IL-4 on IFN-gamma production and HIV-Env-specific CTL activity. |
| 162 | 9227322 | IL-4 showed a dual effect on IFN-gamma production in HIV patients. |
| 163 | 9227322 | IL-4 down-regulated IFN-gamma production in HIV-seronegative individuals and in 55% of HIV patients whereas it stimulated IFN-gamma production in 45% of HIV patients. |
| 164 | 9227322 | IL-4 inhibits IFN-gamma production as well as stimulates CTL generation which in turn produces IFN-gamma. |
| 165 | 9234526 | Ag85A and Ag85B encoding plasmids induced a robust Th1-like response towards native Ag85, characterized by elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma, and TNF-alpha. |
| 166 | 9234526 | Levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were low or undetectable. |
| 167 | 9234539 | Mice immunized with gp120 DNA developed strong antigen-specific antibody responses, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) (following in vitro restimulation with gp120-derived peptide), and showed in vitro proliferation and Th1-like cytokine secretion [gamma-interferon, interleukin (IL)-2 with little or no IL-4] by lymphocytes obtained from all lymphatic compartments tested (spleen, blood, and inguinal, iliac, and mesenteric lymph nodes). |
| 168 | 9302743 | The codelivery of vectors encoding IL-2, IL-7, or IL-12 blocked this effect by markedly enhancing gp120-specific interferon gamma production, and suppressing IL-4 and IgG1 responses. |
| 169 | 9302743 | In this case, IFN-gamma production following in vitro stimulation increased by over 1000-fold, while IL-4, IgG1, and IgG2a responses were elevated as well. |
| 170 | 9302743 | Interestingly, cytokine gene codelivery, in the context of the longer resting period, provided no additional stimulation of Th1-like responses such as IFN-gamma and IgG2a production, although there was still some suppression of IL-4 production. |
| 171 | 9344334 | The immune response induced by DNA immunization alone or followed by viral inoculation was biased toward IFN-gamma production (Th1-like). |
| 172 | 9344334 | CD4+ lymphocytes were the major source of IFN-gamma production in the spleen following DNA immunization. |
| 173 | 9529082 | One epitope mapped to the constant domain of RAP-1 (amino acids [aa] 144 to 187), and one mapped to the CT-1 variable domain (aa 386 to 480). |
| 174 | 9529082 | Th1-like clones responding to these epitopes proliferated differentially to different strains of B. bigemina, raising the possibilities that the T-cell epitopes may vary antigenically and that CT-1 may be differentially expressed with respect to the other RAP-1 CT domains in the different strains. |
| 175 | 9558102 | In contrast, parasite surface Ag-2 in immune-stimulating complexes generated an immune response with mixed Th1-like and Th2-like properties that was not protective despite the activation of large numbers of CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma. |
| 176 | 9570527 | Autologous human monocyte-derived dendritic cells genetically modified to express melanoma antigens elicit primary cytotoxic T cell responses in vitro: enhancement by cotransfection of genes encoding the Th1-biasing cytokines IL-12 and IFN-alpha. |
| 177 | 9570527 | Cultured, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) were transiently transfected with plasmid DNA encoding human MART-1/Melan-A, pMel-17/gp100, tyrosinase, MAGE-1, or MAGE-3 by particle bombardment and used to stimulate autologous PBMC responder T cells. |
| 178 | 9570527 | Coinsertion of genes encoding the Th1-biasing cytokines IL-12 or IFN-alpha consistently enhanced the magnitude of the resulting Ag-specific CTL reactivity. |
| 179 | 9570527 | Autologous human monocyte-derived dendritic cells genetically modified to express melanoma antigens elicit primary cytotoxic T cell responses in vitro: enhancement by cotransfection of genes encoding the Th1-biasing cytokines IL-12 and IFN-alpha. |
| 180 | 9570527 | Cultured, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) were transiently transfected with plasmid DNA encoding human MART-1/Melan-A, pMel-17/gp100, tyrosinase, MAGE-1, or MAGE-3 by particle bombardment and used to stimulate autologous PBMC responder T cells. |
| 181 | 9570527 | Coinsertion of genes encoding the Th1-biasing cytokines IL-12 or IFN-alpha consistently enhanced the magnitude of the resulting Ag-specific CTL reactivity. |
| 182 | 9673236 | Seven of nine T-cell clones exhibited a Th0-like cytokine profile, producing high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) upon stimulation with specific peptides and mitogens. |
| 183 | 9673236 | The other two clones had a Th1-like cytokine profile with high expression of IFN-gamma and no IL-4. |
| 184 | 9686195 | Elevated levels of IL-12 (p40 mRNA) were detected in the lymph nodes (LN) and the lungs of vaccinated mice, whilst treatment of vaccinated mice with anti-IL-12 antibodies decreased the ratio of IFN gamma:IL-4 secreted by in vitro-cultured LN cells. |
| 185 | 9686195 | Soluble antigens from the lung-stage of the parasite (SLAP) appeared to be efficient stimulators of IFN gamma and IL-12 secretion. |
| 186 | 9686195 | These antigens when used to immunise mice in conjunction with IL-12 as an adjuvant, elicited a polarised Th1 response with abundant IFN gamma secretion but no IL-4. |
| 187 | 9686195 | The induction of a dominant Th1 response using SLAP + IL-12 probably operates via IFN gamma production by natural killer (NK) cells stimulated by IL-12, since in vivo ablation of NK cells using anti-NK1.1 antibody reduced CD4(+)-dependent IFN gamma production from cultured LN cells by over 97%. |
| 188 | 9686195 | Nevertheless, in mice with a genetic disruption of the IFN gamma receptor, administration of SLAP + IL-12 induced levels of IFN gamma equal to those in wild-type mice, thus showing that in this model IL-12 can directly prime T cells independent of IFN gamma. |
| 189 | 9689679 | This phase corresponds to the early release of so-called inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8). |
| 190 | 9689679 | The second phase consists of recognition of bacterial antigens by CD4 lymphocytes, which release mainly IL-2 and IFN-gamma(TH1 response). |
| 191 | 9689679 | This cell activation leads to the third phase, which consists of amplification of cytotoxic-populations: CD8, gamma delta lymphocytes, macrophages, NK, LAK, BAK. |
| 192 | 9767601 | Antigen-stimulated production of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma by splenocytes increased progressively up to 14 weeks post infection, (four weeks after the onset of parasite egg production), before declining swiftly. |
| 193 | 9767601 | Levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 in the same cultures remained low until 14 weeks, after which they rose rapidly as IFN-gamma declined. |
| 194 | 9767601 | High levels of IL-10 coincided with the peak in IFN-gamma production, suggesting a non Th2-restricted role for this cytokine. |
| 195 | 9784511 | In vitro, as opposed to the response in naive mice, acquired immunity was characterized by a strongly Th1-biased (IFN-gamma) CMI response. |
| 196 | 9784518 | Protection and elimination of blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS in resistant mice are characterized by a sequential activation of CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 cells. |
| 197 | 9796067 | Vaccination with recombinant Parasite Surface Antigen 2 from Leishmania major induces a Th1 type of immune response but does not protect against infection. |
| 198 | 9796067 | Vaccination with the native Parasite Surface Antigen 2 of Leishmania major with Corynebacterium parvum as adjuvant protects mice from leishmaniasis through a Th1 mediated response. |
| 199 | 9796067 | Vaccination with recombinant Parasite Surface Antigen 2 from Leishmania major induces a Th1 type of immune response but does not protect against infection. |
| 200 | 9796067 | Vaccination with the native Parasite Surface Antigen 2 of Leishmania major with Corynebacterium parvum as adjuvant protects mice from leishmaniasis through a Th1 mediated response. |
| 201 | 9815634 | The clinical and immunological effects of a vaccine consisting of CTP37, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the COOH-terminal peptide (CTP) of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid, combined with CRL 1005, a novel synthetic nonionic block copolymer adjuvant, were examined. |
| 202 | 9815634 | Responding PBMCs specifically secreted the TH1-associated cytokines IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 as well as the TH2-associated IL-5 and IL-10. |
| 203 | 9815634 | Increased expression of IFN gamma and IL-5 mRNAs by PBMCs 4 h after immunization was also observed. |
| 204 | 9834103 | LeIF: a recombinant Leishmania protein that induces an IL-12-mediated Th1 cytokine profile. |
| 205 | 9834103 | When lymph node cells from infected BALB/c mice were stimulated in vitro with LeIF, only IFN-gamma (and no detectable IL-4) was found in the culture supernatant. |
| 206 | 9834103 | We found that LeIF stimulated fresh spleen cells from naive SCID mice to secrete IFN-gamma by IL-12/IL-18-dependent mechanisms. |
| 207 | 9848681 | Isolation of recombinant phage clones expressing mycobacterial T cell antigens by screening a recombinant DNA library with human CD4+ Th1 clones. |
| 208 | 9848681 | Pools of recombinant antigens from 12 wells were tested in T cell proliferation assays with MHC class II restricted human CD4+ Th1 clones secreting interferon-gamma and cytotoxic for antigen pulsed antigen presenting cells. |
| 209 | 9848681 | Isolation of recombinant phage clones expressing mycobacterial T cell antigens by screening a recombinant DNA library with human CD4+ Th1 clones. |
| 210 | 9848681 | Pools of recombinant antigens from 12 wells were tested in T cell proliferation assays with MHC class II restricted human CD4+ Th1 clones secreting interferon-gamma and cytotoxic for antigen pulsed antigen presenting cells. |
| 211 | 9886376 | CT inhibited IL-12-induced IFN-gamma secretion both in vivo and in vitro. |
| 212 | 9886376 | This shift of the CT-induced immune response toward Th1 type was associated with TT-specific CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma and reduced levels of Th2-type cytokines (i.e., IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10). |
| 213 | 9886376 | IFN-gamma secretion by TT-specific CD4+ T cells was also enhanced; however, Th2-type cytokine responses were predominant. |
| 214 | 10072541 | IL-12 gene as a DNA vaccine adjuvant in a herpes mouse model: IL-12 enhances Th1-type CD4+ T cell-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus-2 challenge. |
| 215 | 10072541 | In contrast, Th cell proliferative responses and secretion of cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and chemokines (RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha) were significantly increased by IL-12 coinjection. |
| 216 | 10072541 | However, the production of cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and chemokine (MCP-1) was inhibited by IL-12 coinjection. |
| 217 | 10072541 | Thus, IL-12 cDNA as a DNA vaccine adjuvant drives Ag-specific Th1 type CD4+ T cell responses that result in reduced HSV-2-derived morbidity as well as mortality. |
| 218 | 10092103 | IFN-gamma production by spleen cells upon stimulation with Y-HSP60 was strictly dependent on the presence of CD4+ T cells, indicating the generation of a Th1 response upon DNA immunization. |
| 219 | 10092103 | Vaccination of beta2-microglobulin- and H2-I-Abeta-deficient mice was not protective, suggesting that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required for protective immunity induced by DNA vaccination. |
| 220 | 10191208 | The role of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 in herpes simplex virus type 1 ocular replication and eye disease. |
| 221 | 10191208 | To assess the relative effect of interleukin (IL)-2- and IL-4-dependent immune responses on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection, naive, vaccinated, and mock-vaccinated IL-20/0 and IL-40/0 knockout mice were challenged ocularly with HSV-1. |
| 222 | 10191208 | Recombinant (r) IL-2 treatment of the IL-20/0 mice significantly reduced ocular HSV-1 replications, but rIL-4 treatment of IL-40/0 mice significantly increased ocular HSV-1 replications. |
| 223 | 10191208 | Th1 (IL-2) cytokine responses may help protect mice against ocular HSV-1 challenge and reduce ocular HSV-1 replication. |
| 224 | 10223330 | We found that the bacterial plasmid DNA itself, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing immunostimulating sequences, or recombinant Th1 cytokines (IL12, IFNgamma) efficiently support priming of CTL responses to exogenous HBsAg in 'low responder' H-2b mice, but have only minor effects on CTL priming in 'high responder' H-2d mice in the high dose range tested. |
| 225 | 10225908 | We measured proliferation and in vitro production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in response to meningococcal antigens by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children convalescing from meningococcal disease and from controls. |
| 226 | 10225908 | After meningococcal infection, the balance of cytokine production by PBMCs from the youngest children was skewed towards a TH1 response (low IL-10/IFN-gamma ratio), while older children produced more TH2 cytokine (higher IL-10/IFN-gamma ratio). |
| 227 | 10228039 | IL-12, IFN-gamma, and T cell proliferation to measles in immunized infants. |
| 228 | 10228039 | Measles binding to its monocyte receptor down-regulates IL-12 which is expected to diminish Th1-like cytokine responses, including IFN-gamma. |
| 229 | 10228039 | We evaluated Ag-specific IL-12, IFN-gamma, and T cell responses of infants at 6 (n = 60), 9 (n = 46), or 12 mo (n = 56) of age and 29 vaccinated adults. |
| 230 | 10228039 | IL-12 and IFN-gamma release by PBMC stimulated with measles Ag increased significantly after measles immunization in infants. |
| 231 | 10228039 | IL-12 and IFN-gamma concentrations were equivalent in younger and older infants, but IL-12 concentrations were significantly lower in infants than in adults (p = 0.04). |
| 232 | 10228039 | IL-12 production by monocytes was down-regulated by measles; the addition of recombinant human IL-12 enhanced IFN-gamma production by PBMC stimulated with measles Ag, but infant T cells released significantly less IFN-gamma than adult T cells under this condition. |
| 233 | 10228039 | Cellular immunity to measles infection and vaccination may be limited in infants compared with adults as a result of less effective IFN-gamma and IL-12 production in response to measles Ags. |
| 234 | 10416988 | We demonstrated that this bacterially derived DNA could induce interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)gamma, (Th1-promoting cytokines), and IL-6 production as well as activate NK cells. |
| 235 | 10416988 | Exacerbation of the disease did not correlate with the number of TMEV-antigen positive cells but did with an increase in anti-TMEV antibody. pCMV injection also enhanced R-EAE with increased IFNgamma and IL-6 responses. |
| 236 | 10417149 | Predominance of CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells revealed by characterization of the cellular immune response generated by immunization with a DNA vaccine containing a Trypanosoma cruzi gene. |
| 237 | 10417149 | As several studies provided strong evidence that during infection CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cytotoxic type 1 (Tc1) cells are important factors in host resistance, the present study was designed to evaluate which T-cell types were activated in DNA-vaccinated BALB/c mice. |
| 238 | 10417149 | We found that bulk cells from DNA-immunized mice had CD4 and CD8 T cells that produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) but not interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-10. |
| 239 | 10417149 | To characterize the TS-specific T cells at the clonal level, we generated CD4 and CD8 clones. |
| 240 | 10417149 | We obtained cytotoxic CD4 clones of the Th1 type that secreted large amounts of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 241 | 10417149 | Unexpectedly, we obtained other CD4 clones with a Th2 phenotype, secreting IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 242 | 10417149 | All CD8 clones were cytotoxic and produced IFN-gamma. |
| 243 | 10417149 | IL-4 and IL-10 were not secreted by these cells. |
| 244 | 10417149 | The antiparasitic activity of a CD4 Th1 and a CD8 Tc1 clone was assessed in vitro. |
| 245 | 10417149 | CD4 or CD8 T cells significantly inhibited T. cruzi development in infected macrophages or fibroblasts, respectively. |
| 246 | 10417149 | We concluded that DNA vaccine efficiently generates potentially protective CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells specific for a T. cruzi antigen, therefore reinforcing the possibility of using this strategy for developing a preventive or therapeutic vaccine against Chagas' disease. |
| 247 | 10417149 | Predominance of CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells revealed by characterization of the cellular immune response generated by immunization with a DNA vaccine containing a Trypanosoma cruzi gene. |
| 248 | 10417149 | As several studies provided strong evidence that during infection CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cytotoxic type 1 (Tc1) cells are important factors in host resistance, the present study was designed to evaluate which T-cell types were activated in DNA-vaccinated BALB/c mice. |
| 249 | 10417149 | We found that bulk cells from DNA-immunized mice had CD4 and CD8 T cells that produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) but not interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-10. |
| 250 | 10417149 | To characterize the TS-specific T cells at the clonal level, we generated CD4 and CD8 clones. |
| 251 | 10417149 | We obtained cytotoxic CD4 clones of the Th1 type that secreted large amounts of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 252 | 10417149 | Unexpectedly, we obtained other CD4 clones with a Th2 phenotype, secreting IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 253 | 10417149 | All CD8 clones were cytotoxic and produced IFN-gamma. |
| 254 | 10417149 | IL-4 and IL-10 were not secreted by these cells. |
| 255 | 10417149 | The antiparasitic activity of a CD4 Th1 and a CD8 Tc1 clone was assessed in vitro. |
| 256 | 10417149 | CD4 or CD8 T cells significantly inhibited T. cruzi development in infected macrophages or fibroblasts, respectively. |
| 257 | 10417149 | We concluded that DNA vaccine efficiently generates potentially protective CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells specific for a T. cruzi antigen, therefore reinforcing the possibility of using this strategy for developing a preventive or therapeutic vaccine against Chagas' disease. |
| 258 | 10417149 | Predominance of CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells revealed by characterization of the cellular immune response generated by immunization with a DNA vaccine containing a Trypanosoma cruzi gene. |
| 259 | 10417149 | As several studies provided strong evidence that during infection CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cytotoxic type 1 (Tc1) cells are important factors in host resistance, the present study was designed to evaluate which T-cell types were activated in DNA-vaccinated BALB/c mice. |
| 260 | 10417149 | We found that bulk cells from DNA-immunized mice had CD4 and CD8 T cells that produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) but not interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-10. |
| 261 | 10417149 | To characterize the TS-specific T cells at the clonal level, we generated CD4 and CD8 clones. |
| 262 | 10417149 | We obtained cytotoxic CD4 clones of the Th1 type that secreted large amounts of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 263 | 10417149 | Unexpectedly, we obtained other CD4 clones with a Th2 phenotype, secreting IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 264 | 10417149 | All CD8 clones were cytotoxic and produced IFN-gamma. |
| 265 | 10417149 | IL-4 and IL-10 were not secreted by these cells. |
| 266 | 10417149 | The antiparasitic activity of a CD4 Th1 and a CD8 Tc1 clone was assessed in vitro. |
| 267 | 10417149 | CD4 or CD8 T cells significantly inhibited T. cruzi development in infected macrophages or fibroblasts, respectively. |
| 268 | 10417149 | We concluded that DNA vaccine efficiently generates potentially protective CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells specific for a T. cruzi antigen, therefore reinforcing the possibility of using this strategy for developing a preventive or therapeutic vaccine against Chagas' disease. |
| 269 | 10417149 | Predominance of CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells revealed by characterization of the cellular immune response generated by immunization with a DNA vaccine containing a Trypanosoma cruzi gene. |
| 270 | 10417149 | As several studies provided strong evidence that during infection CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cytotoxic type 1 (Tc1) cells are important factors in host resistance, the present study was designed to evaluate which T-cell types were activated in DNA-vaccinated BALB/c mice. |
| 271 | 10417149 | We found that bulk cells from DNA-immunized mice had CD4 and CD8 T cells that produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) but not interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-10. |
| 272 | 10417149 | To characterize the TS-specific T cells at the clonal level, we generated CD4 and CD8 clones. |
| 273 | 10417149 | We obtained cytotoxic CD4 clones of the Th1 type that secreted large amounts of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 or IL-10. |
| 274 | 10417149 | Unexpectedly, we obtained other CD4 clones with a Th2 phenotype, secreting IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 275 | 10417149 | All CD8 clones were cytotoxic and produced IFN-gamma. |
| 276 | 10417149 | IL-4 and IL-10 were not secreted by these cells. |
| 277 | 10417149 | The antiparasitic activity of a CD4 Th1 and a CD8 Tc1 clone was assessed in vitro. |
| 278 | 10417149 | CD4 or CD8 T cells significantly inhibited T. cruzi development in infected macrophages or fibroblasts, respectively. |
| 279 | 10417149 | We concluded that DNA vaccine efficiently generates potentially protective CD4 Th1 and CD8 Tc1 cells specific for a T. cruzi antigen, therefore reinforcing the possibility of using this strategy for developing a preventive or therapeutic vaccine against Chagas' disease. |
| 280 | 10427987 | In this study, we demonstrate that porcine relaxin, at concentrations ranging from 10(-10) to 10(-6) M, favors the in vitro development of human antigen-specific T cells into Th1-like effectors and enhances both IFN-gamma mRNA expression and IFN-gamma production by established human T cell clones. |
| 281 | 10427987 | The promoting effect of relaxin on the development of IFN-gamma-producing cells was not due to a relaxin-induced release of IL-12 and/or IFN-alpha by antigen-presenting cells. |
| 282 | 10435108 | Activity and safety of DNA plasmids encoding IL-4 and IFN gamma. |
| 283 | 10435108 | We examined whether plasmids encoding the Th1 cytokine IFN gamma (pIFN gamma) or the Th2 cytokine IL-4 (pIL-4) have long-term effects on immune homeostasis when administered to adult mice, or alter immune maturation in neonates. |
| 284 | 10456897 | RDA did not alter the H. felis-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, and IgA responses in the serum but was associated with an increase in gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing CD8(+) spleen cells. |
| 285 | 10456897 | To determine if IFN-gamma or Th1 cytokines were involved in the response to RDA, we examined RDA treatment of H. felis infection in mice lacking either IFN-gamma or interleukin-12 (IL-12). |
| 286 | 10456897 | Thus, viral infection of mice chronically infected with H. felis led to a significant decrease in H. felis colonization in an IFN-gamma- and IL-12-dependent manner. |
| 287 | 10477587 | CD40-CD40 ligand costimulation is required for generating antiviral CD4 T cell responses but is dispensable for CD8 T cell responses. |
| 288 | 10477587 | This study documents a striking dichotomy between CD4 and CD8 T cells in terms of their requirements for CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) costimulation. |
| 289 | 10477587 | CD40L-deficient (-/-) mice made potent virus-specific CD8 T cell responses to dominant as well as subdominant epitopes following infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. |
| 290 | 10477587 | There were 10-fold fewer virus-specific CD4 T cells in CD40L-/- mice compared with those in CD40L+/+ mice, and this inhibition was seen for both Th1 (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) responses. |
| 291 | 10490996 | The apparent induction of a Th1 differentiation pathway was accompanied by the proliferation of MHC-independent NK cells and MHC-dependent CD8+ T cells. |
| 292 | 10501247 | The fully protective aqueous vaccine group produced higher levels of interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) than the water-in-oil vaccine group following a live parasite challenge infection. |
| 293 | 10501247 | Furthermore, mice vaccinated with the aqueous vaccine displayed prolonged IFNgamma and IL-4 response as compared to mice that received the same antigens without adjuvants. |
| 294 | 10501247 | These data support the hypothesis that both the Th1 cytokine IFNgamma, and the Th2 cytokine IL-4 are modulated by the vaccine vehicle and adjuvant used for vaccination, thus possibly affecting expression of protective immune responses. |
| 295 | 10510345 | Several lines of evidence suggest that an IFN-gamma-producing, Th1/Tc1 phenotype may be optimal for tumor rejection. |
| 296 | 10516012 | Activated CD4(+) Th1-like T cells were shown to synthesize gamma interferon, and activated CD8(+) T cells were demonstrated to be cytotoxic. |
| 297 | 10522786 | Both Th1-like and Th2-like immune responses were induced in the group receiving the VP6 vaccine as seen by significantly increased expressions of IFNgamma and IL-6 in the jejunal Peyer's patch together with an increased percentage of CD8+ T cells in the intestine and rotavirus-specific antibodies at mucosal surfaces. |
| 298 | 10569735 | Th1 immune responses, characterized by production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), are associated with protective immunity to viruses and intracellular bacteria. |
| 299 | 10569735 | Heat-killed Brucella abortus promotes secretion of Th1-inducing cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IFN-gamma and has been used as a carrier to induce Th1 responses to vaccines. |
| 300 | 10569735 | However, only B. abortus and B. abortus DNA induced high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-12. |
| 301 | 10569735 | B. abortus and B. abortus DNA-stimulated IL-12 production was maximal by 6 to 18 h, while IL-10 production steadily accumulated over this time period. |
| 302 | 10569735 | These kinetics suggested that IL-10 may eventually downmodulate the Th1-like cytokine response to B. abortus and B. abortus DNA, which was confirmed by using neutralizing antibody. |
| 303 | 10569735 | In the absence of IL-10, B. abortus LPS induced strong IFN-gamma responses, but IL-12 p70 levels were still undetectable from BALB/c spleen cells. |
| 304 | 10569735 | LPS induced IL-12 if the spleen cells were primed with IFN-gamma and IL-10 was neutralized, indicating that LPS can stimulate IL-12 production under the most favorable conditions. |
| 305 | 10569735 | Th1 immune responses, characterized by production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), are associated with protective immunity to viruses and intracellular bacteria. |
| 306 | 10569735 | Heat-killed Brucella abortus promotes secretion of Th1-inducing cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IFN-gamma and has been used as a carrier to induce Th1 responses to vaccines. |
| 307 | 10569735 | However, only B. abortus and B. abortus DNA induced high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-12. |
| 308 | 10569735 | B. abortus and B. abortus DNA-stimulated IL-12 production was maximal by 6 to 18 h, while IL-10 production steadily accumulated over this time period. |
| 309 | 10569735 | These kinetics suggested that IL-10 may eventually downmodulate the Th1-like cytokine response to B. abortus and B. abortus DNA, which was confirmed by using neutralizing antibody. |
| 310 | 10569735 | In the absence of IL-10, B. abortus LPS induced strong IFN-gamma responses, but IL-12 p70 levels were still undetectable from BALB/c spleen cells. |
| 311 | 10569735 | LPS induced IL-12 if the spleen cells were primed with IFN-gamma and IL-10 was neutralized, indicating that LPS can stimulate IL-12 production under the most favorable conditions. |
| 312 | 10569735 | Th1 immune responses, characterized by production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), are associated with protective immunity to viruses and intracellular bacteria. |
| 313 | 10569735 | Heat-killed Brucella abortus promotes secretion of Th1-inducing cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IFN-gamma and has been used as a carrier to induce Th1 responses to vaccines. |
| 314 | 10569735 | However, only B. abortus and B. abortus DNA induced high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-12. |
| 315 | 10569735 | B. abortus and B. abortus DNA-stimulated IL-12 production was maximal by 6 to 18 h, while IL-10 production steadily accumulated over this time period. |
| 316 | 10569735 | These kinetics suggested that IL-10 may eventually downmodulate the Th1-like cytokine response to B. abortus and B. abortus DNA, which was confirmed by using neutralizing antibody. |
| 317 | 10569735 | In the absence of IL-10, B. abortus LPS induced strong IFN-gamma responses, but IL-12 p70 levels were still undetectable from BALB/c spleen cells. |
| 318 | 10569735 | LPS induced IL-12 if the spleen cells were primed with IFN-gamma and IL-10 was neutralized, indicating that LPS can stimulate IL-12 production under the most favorable conditions. |
| 319 | 10586074 | As a measure for the induction of a Th1 and/or Th2 response, we determined specific IgG subclasses and examined IFN-gamma, Il-4, and Il-5 induction. |
| 320 | 10600341 | We found that glutamine at an optimal concentration (0.6 mM) significantly enhanced PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation as well as Th1 [interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2)] and Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) production. |
| 321 | 10600341 | Interestingly, addition of glutamine promoted the BCG-elicited Th1 cytokine response (IFN-gamma), but suppressed the measles-induced Th2 cytokine response (IL-10). |
| 322 | 10655280 | However, although the HBsAg-specific T cells were characterized by their cytokine release as Th1-like cells in both groups, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2+ individuals who received the soluble HBsAg via the i.d. route developed higher peptide-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell precursor (CTLp) frequencies. |
| 323 | 10706961 | Due to the synergistic effects of IL-12 and IL-18, and to their importance in establishing a Th1 type immune response, we investigated the potential of a combined administration of both cytokines as an adjuvant for recombinant antigens. |
| 324 | 10706961 | By co-adsorption of this antigen on alum in the presence of IL-12 and IL-18, we demonstrate that IL-18 enhances the effects of IL-12 in inducing an antigen-specific Th1 type CD4(+) T cell response as well as high titres of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibodies. |
| 325 | 10708463 | Rhesus macaques were coimmunized intramuscularly with expression plasmids bearing genes encoding Th1 (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon)- or Th2 (IL-4)-type cytokines and DNA vaccine constructs encoding human immunodeficiency virus Env and Rev and simian immunodeficiency virus Gag and Pol proteins. |
| 326 | 10708463 | We observed that the cytokine gene adjuvants (especially IL-2 and IL-4) significantly enhanced antigen-specific humoral immune responses in the rhesus macaque model. |
| 327 | 10741391 | However, CD4+ T lymphocytes from mice immunized with the constitutive promoter secreted IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma (Th1/Th2 pattern), whereas CD4+ cells mainly secreted IFN-gamma (Th1 pattern) when the second construct was used. |
| 328 | 10754317 | These findings may furnish a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for boosting the Th1 response against T cell-controlled pathogens and tumors, using IL-10-deficient APCs as vaccine delivery agents. |
| 329 | 10775795 | Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokine-producing cells in the gut villi showed no significant induction of the cytokines IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-10 after oral administration of wild type Lactobacillus strains. |
| 330 | 10775795 | In contrast, oral administration of L. reuteri and L. brevis induced expression of the proinflammatory/Th1 cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-2 and/or IL-1beta. |
| 331 | 10803024 | Both CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Tc1 lymphocytes are believed to mediate protection by producing of IFN-gamma, a pitoval cytokine that induces anti-Toxoplasma effector mechanisms in macrophages. |
| 332 | 10816449 | The UbA64 DNA vaccine induced a weak humoral response compared to UbG64, and a mixed population of interleukin-4 (IL-4)- and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-secreting cells. |
| 333 | 10816449 | Vaccination with the UbGR64 plasmid generated a strong Th1 cell response (high IFN-gamma, low IL-4) in the absence of a detectable humoral response. |
| 334 | 10816449 | The expression of mycobacterial antigens from DNA vaccines as fusion proteins with a destabilizing ubiquitin molecule (UbA or UbGR) shifted the host response toward a stronger Th1-type immunity which was characterized by low specific antibody levels, high numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells, and significant resistance to a tuberculous challenge. |
| 335 | 10825604 | The therapeutic effect is underpinned by a shift in the T cell-derived cytokine environment with an increase in the IFN-gamma producing Th1 type cells. |
| 336 | 10858196 | Induction of a polarized Th1 response by insertion of multiple copies of a viral T-cell epitope into adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis. |
| 337 | 10858196 | Here, we evaluated the capacity of CyaA carrying one to four copies of the CD8(+) CD4(+) T-cell epitope from the nucleoprotein of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus to induce T-cell responses. |
| 338 | 10869296 | Interestingly, splenic lymphocytes derived from pS/pD-inoculated mice demonstrated significant proliferation responses to recombinant HBsAg and HDAg, and resulted in a Th1-like immune response as suggested by the production of interferon gamma (INF-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), but not IL-4. |
| 339 | 10888115 | Dose-dependent and schedule-dependent effects of interleukin-12 on antigen-specific CD8 responses. |
| 340 | 10888115 | Its activities include enhancement of natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity and promotion of CD4 Th1 cell development. |
| 341 | 10888115 | We have investigated the efficacy of IL-12 protein in promoting CD8 T cell responses when it is used as an adjuvant for immunization. |
| 342 | 10915558 | LFA-3 plasmid DNA enhances Ag-specific humoral- and cellular-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus-2 in vivo: involvement of CD4+ T cells in protection. |
| 343 | 10915558 | Adhesion molecules lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 and CD2 on T cells recognize intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and LFA-3 on APCs, respectively. |
| 344 | 10915558 | To investigate specific roles of adhesion molecules in immune induction we coimmunized LFA-3 and ICAM-1 cDNAs with a gD plasmid vaccine and then analyzed immune modulatory effects and protection against lethal herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 challenge. |
| 345 | 10915558 | LFA-3 also enhanced Th cell proliferative responses and production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 from splenocytes. |
| 346 | 10915558 | In contrast, ICAM-1 showed slightly increasing effects on T-cell proliferation responses and cytokine production. beta-Chemokine production (RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MCP-1) was also influenced by LFA-3 or ICAM-1. |
| 347 | 10915558 | When animals were challenged with a lethal dose of HSV-2, LFA-3-coimmunized animals exhibited an enhanced survival rate, as compared to animals given ICAM-1 or gD DNA vaccine alone. |
| 348 | 10915558 | These studies demonstrate that adhesion molecule LFA-3 can play an important role in generating protective antigen-specific immunity in the HSV model system through increased induction of CD4+ Th1 T-cell subset. |
| 349 | 10930678 | Mice immunized with a whole homogenate (WH) of T. cruzi antigens co-administered with CpG ODN presented high titers of T. cruzi antibodies (IgG2a isotype), strong delayed type hypersensitivity and a Th1-dominated (IFN-gamma and IL-12) cytokine profile. |
| 350 | 10930689 | The most dramatic immune responses occurred in draining lymph nodes 24 h following vaccination with increased levels of activated B cells and T cells of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) subtypes. |
| 351 | 10930689 | Cytokine mRNA was quantified by RT-PCR and revealed production of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma and the inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, whereas the Th2 cytokine IL4 was not detected above control levels at any of the time points studied. |
| 352 | 10931142 | Lymph node clones from either strain could be categorized as either Th1 or Th0 on the basis of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/IL-4 production. |
| 353 | 10931142 | Both B6 lung T cell clones were Th1-like and produced IFN-gamma but not IL-4 and IL-10, whereas four BALB/c lung T cell clones were Th2-like and produced IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 354 | 10931142 | Lymph node clones from either strain could be categorized as either Th1 or Th0 on the basis of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/IL-4 production. |
| 355 | 10931142 | Both B6 lung T cell clones were Th1-like and produced IFN-gamma but not IL-4 and IL-10, whereas four BALB/c lung T cell clones were Th2-like and produced IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. |
| 356 | 10973449 | In an effort to clarify this unusual conflict, we compared IL-7 along with IL-12 (Th1 control) and IL-10 (Th2 control) for its ability to induce antigen (Ag)-specific CTL and Th1- versus Th2-type immune responses using a well established DNA vaccine model. |
| 357 | 10973449 | IL-7 coinjection also decreased production of Th1-type cytokine IL-2, gamma interferon, and the chemokine RANTES but increased production of the Th2-type cytokine IL-10 and the similarly biased chemokine MCP-1. |
| 358 | 10973449 | In herpes simplex virus (HSV) challenge studies, IL-7 coinjection decreased the survival rate after lethal HSV type 2 (HSV-2) challenge compared with gD plasmid vaccine alone in a manner similar to IL-10 coinjection, whereas IL-12 coinjection enhanced the protection, further supporting that IL-7 drives immune responses to the Th2 type, resulting in reduced protection against HSV-2 challenge. |
| 359 | 10973449 | Moreover, coinjection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env and gag/pol genes plus IL-12 or IL-7 cDNA enhanced Ag-specific CTLs, while coinjection with IL-10 cDNA failed to influence CTL induction. |
| 360 | 11070014 | DNA vaccines encoding interleukin-8 and RANTES enhance antigen-specific Th1-type CD4(+) T-cell-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus type 2 in vivo. |
| 361 | 11070014 | We analyzed the modulatory effects of selected chemokines (interleukin-8 [IL-8], gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 [IP-10], RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 [MCP-1], and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha [MIP-1 alpha]) on immune phenotype and protection against lethal challenge with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). |
| 362 | 11070014 | We observed that coinjection with IL-8 and RANTES plasmid DNAs dramatically enhanced antigen-specific Th1 type cellular immune responses and protection from lethal HSV-2 challenge. |
| 363 | 11070014 | Thus, IL-8 and RANTES cDNAs used as DNA vaccine adjuvants drive antigen-specific Th1 type CD4(+) T-cell responses, which result in reduced HSV-2-derived morbidity, as well as reduced mortality. |
| 364 | 11070014 | However, coinjection with DNAs expressing MCP-1, IP-10, and MIP-1 alpha increased mortality in the challenged mice. |
| 365 | 11120845 | Moreover, C57BL/6 mice immunized with MTB41 DNA developed both CD4- (predominantly Th1) and CD8-specific T cell responses to rMTB41 protein. |
| 366 | 11145720 | Numerous immunostimulatory protocols inhibit the development of T cell-mediated autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. |
| 367 | 11145720 | Many of these protocols, including treatment with the nonspecific immunostimulatory agents CFA or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, have been reported to mediate protection by skewing the pattern of cytokines produced by pancreatic beta-cell autoreactive T cells from a Th1 (IFN-gamma) to a Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) profile. |
| 368 | 11145720 | To partially address this issue we produced NOD mice genetically deficient in IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10. |
| 369 | 11145720 | Additional experiments using these mice confirmed that CFA- or BCG-elicited diabetes protection is associated with a decreased IFN-gamma to IL-4 mRNA ratio within T cell-infiltrated pancreatic islets, but this is a secondary consequence rather than the cause of disease resistance. |
| 370 | 11145720 | Unexpectedly, we also found that the ability of BCG and, to a lesser extent, CFA to inhibit IDDM development in standard NOD mice is actually dependent upon the presence of the Th1 cytokine, IFN-gamma. |
| 371 | 11145720 | Numerous immunostimulatory protocols inhibit the development of T cell-mediated autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. |
| 372 | 11145720 | Many of these protocols, including treatment with the nonspecific immunostimulatory agents CFA or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, have been reported to mediate protection by skewing the pattern of cytokines produced by pancreatic beta-cell autoreactive T cells from a Th1 (IFN-gamma) to a Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) profile. |
| 373 | 11145720 | To partially address this issue we produced NOD mice genetically deficient in IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10. |
| 374 | 11145720 | Additional experiments using these mice confirmed that CFA- or BCG-elicited diabetes protection is associated with a decreased IFN-gamma to IL-4 mRNA ratio within T cell-infiltrated pancreatic islets, but this is a secondary consequence rather than the cause of disease resistance. |
| 375 | 11145720 | Unexpectedly, we also found that the ability of BCG and, to a lesser extent, CFA to inhibit IDDM development in standard NOD mice is actually dependent upon the presence of the Th1 cytokine, IFN-gamma. |
| 376 | 11160264 | In this study, we have investigated the use of plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccination to elicit Th2 effector cell function in an Ag-specific manner and in turn prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. pDNA recombinants were engineered encoding a secreted fusion protein consisting of a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) linked to IgGFc, and IL-4. |
| 377 | 11160264 | Intramuscular injection of pDNA encoding GAD65-IgGFc and IL-4 effectively prevented diabetes in NOD mice treated at early or late preclinical stages of IDDM. |
| 378 | 11160264 | This protection was GAD65-specific since NOD mice immunized with pDNA encoding hen egg lysozyme-IgGFc and IL-4 continued to develop diabetes. |
| 379 | 11160264 | Importantly, GAD65-specific immune deviation was dependent on pDNA-encoded IL-4. |
| 380 | 11160264 | In fact, GAD65-specific Th1 cell reactivity was significantly enhanced in animals immunized with pDNA encoding only GAD65-IgGFc. |
| 381 | 11163659 | In this study, we used a plasmid encoding the Th1-promoting cytokine IL-18, since we observed that percutaneous infection of Balb/c mice strongly induced the production of IL-18 mRNA in the skin. |
| 382 | 11163659 | When the IL-18-encoding plasmid was codelivered with a S. mansoni glutathione S-transferase (Sm28GST)-encoding plasmid, a 30-fold increase of antigen-specific IFN-gamma secretion by spleen cells was observed in comparison to spleen cells from mice that had received only the Sm28GST-encoding plasmid. |
| 383 | 11179334 | Gamma interferon and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by splenocytes and IL-2 production by mesenteric lymph node cells were observed in vitro after antigen restimulation, underlying a Th1-like response. |
| 384 | 11217440 | In order to increase antigen recognition by T cells and T cell activation, we administered tumor bearing mice cell-based cancer vaccines with irradiated tumor cells alone or in combination with immunostimulating CpG-Oligonucleotides, a combination of Th1 cytokines and Th2 cytokine antibodies (IL-12, IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, Anti-IL-10) (after detecting a Th2 cytokine profile in G6BB), or the recall antigens diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. |
| 385 | 11238201 | Up-regulation of CD40 ligand and induction of a Th2 response in children immunized with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. |
| 386 | 11238201 | We wished to determine whether pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens induce mRNA expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and Th1 or Th2 cytokines in unimmunized individuals in vitro and whether immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine induces changes in CD40L and cytokine mRNA expression. |
| 387 | 11238201 | Quantification of mRNA expression of CD40L, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-12p40, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was performed by reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-PCR with resting and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 388 | 11238201 | The results showed a significant increase in the expression of mRNAs for CD40L and IL-4, but not IL-12p40 or IFN-gamma, in stimulated cultures from unimmunized individuals. |
| 389 | 11238201 | CD40L and IL-4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in postimmunization than in preimmunization samples stimulated with the individual pneumococcal serotypes. |
| 390 | 11238615 | Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs induce low levels of TNF-alpha in human B lymphocytes: possible adjuvants for Th1 responses. |
| 391 | 11238615 | The goal of the present study was to evaluate the release of TNF-alpha in human cells by a CpG-ODN proven to induce Th1 immune responses in cells from atopic individuals and in mice. |
| 392 | 11238615 | TNF-alpha contributed to the CpG-ODN-augmented proliferation and Ig synthesis in PBMC, but was not involved in IFN-gamma synthesis. |
| 393 | 11238615 | Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs induce low levels of TNF-alpha in human B lymphocytes: possible adjuvants for Th1 responses. |
| 394 | 11238615 | The goal of the present study was to evaluate the release of TNF-alpha in human cells by a CpG-ODN proven to induce Th1 immune responses in cells from atopic individuals and in mice. |
| 395 | 11238615 | TNF-alpha contributed to the CpG-ODN-augmented proliferation and Ig synthesis in PBMC, but was not involved in IFN-gamma synthesis. |
| 396 | 11282190 | Intramuscular injection of mixed DNA constructs encoding for HIV-1 Gag, Tat and Nef proteins, co-administered with the DNA encoding for interleukin-18 (IL-18) have been used. |
| 397 | 11282190 | It was demonstrated that at least two DNA immunizations were necessary to generate virus specific Th-1 responses detected by the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and by the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 and IL-10, in antigen-stimulated splenocyte cultures. |
| 398 | 11282190 | Interestingly, co-delivery of Th-1-inducing IL-18 gene was able to shorten by 2 weeks, the CTL induction time, and to increase the antigen-induced secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. |
| 399 | 11285124 | Cell-mediated responses were analyzed on days 0, 14 and 28 after vaccination by measuring lymphocyte proliferation and production of interferon (IFN)-gamma (Th1 marker) or interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 (Th2 markers) cytokines after in vitro stimulation with the PS and protein components of the vaccines. |
| 400 | 11312017 | We show here that regional lymph nodes (LN) of pENV and pTAT-ENV immunized goats contain a dominant subset of SU activated IFNgamma+ Th1 lymphocytes. |
| 401 | 11359441 | Cytokine gene expression of Th1 related cytokines (IL-12, IFNgamma and TNFalpha) in adult PBMC was more evident to live than to heat killed promastigotes. |
| 402 | 11369873 | Humoral and CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell responses to the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3 (NS3) protein: NS3 primes Th1-like responses more effectively as a DNA-based immunogen than as a recombinant protein. |
| 403 | 11369873 | The non-structural 3 (NS3) protein is one of the most conserved proteins of hepatitis C virus, and T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses to NS3 in humans correlate with clearance of infection. |
| 404 | 11369873 | Inbred mice were immunized twice in regenerating tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with either plasmid DNA or recombinant NS3 (rNS3). |
| 405 | 11369873 | NS3-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in DNA-immunized mice peaked at day 13, as measured by proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 406 | 11369873 | CD4(+) T cell responses in these mice showed peaks of IL-2 response at day 3 and IL-6 and IFN-gamma responses at day 6. |
| 407 | 11369873 | However, as a DNA immunogen, NS3 elicits stronger Th1-like immune responses, whereas rNS3 primes a mixed Th1/Th2-like response regardless of the route, dose or adjuvant. |
| 408 | 11369873 | Humoral and CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell responses to the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3 (NS3) protein: NS3 primes Th1-like responses more effectively as a DNA-based immunogen than as a recombinant protein. |
| 409 | 11369873 | The non-structural 3 (NS3) protein is one of the most conserved proteins of hepatitis C virus, and T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses to NS3 in humans correlate with clearance of infection. |
| 410 | 11369873 | Inbred mice were immunized twice in regenerating tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with either plasmid DNA or recombinant NS3 (rNS3). |
| 411 | 11369873 | NS3-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in DNA-immunized mice peaked at day 13, as measured by proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 412 | 11369873 | CD4(+) T cell responses in these mice showed peaks of IL-2 response at day 3 and IL-6 and IFN-gamma responses at day 6. |
| 413 | 11369873 | However, as a DNA immunogen, NS3 elicits stronger Th1-like immune responses, whereas rNS3 primes a mixed Th1/Th2-like response regardless of the route, dose or adjuvant. |
| 414 | 11369873 | Humoral and CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell responses to the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3 (NS3) protein: NS3 primes Th1-like responses more effectively as a DNA-based immunogen than as a recombinant protein. |
| 415 | 11369873 | The non-structural 3 (NS3) protein is one of the most conserved proteins of hepatitis C virus, and T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses to NS3 in humans correlate with clearance of infection. |
| 416 | 11369873 | Inbred mice were immunized twice in regenerating tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with either plasmid DNA or recombinant NS3 (rNS3). |
| 417 | 11369873 | NS3-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in DNA-immunized mice peaked at day 13, as measured by proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. |
| 418 | 11369873 | CD4(+) T cell responses in these mice showed peaks of IL-2 response at day 3 and IL-6 and IFN-gamma responses at day 6. |
| 419 | 11369873 | However, as a DNA immunogen, NS3 elicits stronger Th1-like immune responses, whereas rNS3 primes a mixed Th1/Th2-like response regardless of the route, dose or adjuvant. |
| 420 | 11447158 | Our results confirmed that DNA immunization with pXJ38 induces strong CD8(+) CTL and Th1 responses (high gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], low interleukin-4 [IL-4]). |
| 421 | 11447158 | Small or undetectable amounts of IL-4 were observed, which indicates the induction of a Th1-like response. |
| 422 | 11500411 | Characterization of the cellular immune response induced against the protective amino-terminal fragment reveals production of gamma interferon and interleukin-2, but not interleukin-4, suggesting a Th1-like profile. |
| 423 | 11500412 | Within 6 h both 1-day- and 1-week-old mice expressed interleukin-12 p40 mRNA following either B. abortus or B. abortus-OVA administration. |
| 424 | 11500412 | The absence of the early IFN-gamma response in 1-day-old mice may explain their inability to generate a Th1 memory response. |
| 425 | 11500420 | DNA sequences encoding CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes are important for efficient protective immunity induced by DNA vaccination with a Trypanosoma cruzi gene. |
| 426 | 11500420 | Immunization of BALB/c mice with a plasmid containing the gene for Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (TS) induced antibodies that inhibited TS enzymatic activity, CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Tc1 cells, and protective immunity against infection. |
| 427 | 11500420 | We used this model to obtain basic information on the requirement of CD4 or CD8 or B-cell epitopes for an effective DNA-induced immunity against T. cruzi infection. |
| 428 | 11500420 | For that purpose, mice were immunized with plasmids containing DNA sequences encoding (i) the entire TS protein, (ii) the TS enzymatic domain, (iii) the TS CD4+ T-cell epitopes, (iv) the TS CD8+ T-cell epitope, or (v) TS CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes. |
| 429 | 11500420 | The reason for the limited priming of CD8+ T cells was due to a requirement for CD4+ T cells. |
| 430 | 11500420 | To circumvent this problem, a plasmid expressing both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes was produced. |
| 431 | 11500420 | Our observations suggest that plasmids expressing epitopes recognized by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells may have a better protective potential against infection with T. cruzi. |
| 432 | 11527700 | T Lymphocytes infiltrating various tumour types express the MHC class II ligand lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3): role of LAG-3/MHC class II interactions in cell-cell contacts. |
| 433 | 11527700 | The product of the Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3, CD223) is a high affinity MHC class II ligand expressed by activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, which can associate with the T cell receptor (TCR) and downregulate TCR signalling in vitro. |
| 434 | 11527700 | We have also reported that a soluble mLAG-3Ig fusion protein works as a vaccine adjuvant in vivo in mice, enhancing Th1 and CD8 T cell responses. |
| 435 | 11527700 | Here, we report that LAG-3 expression was found, using fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, on 11-48% of human tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) isolated from eight freshly dissociated renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), and was restricted mostly to CD8(+) cells. |
| 436 | 11527700 | Since not only antigen presenting cells (APCs), but also TILs themselves strongly express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, we firstly investigated whether LAG-3/MHC class II T-T cell contacts might influence tumour cell recognition. |
| 437 | 11527700 | In contrast, MHC class II engagement by LAG-3Ig was found to enhance the capacity of immature dendritic cells to stimulate naive T cell proliferation and IL-12-dependent IFN-gamma production by T cells in vitro. |
| 438 | 11527700 | These results therefore provide support for a role for TIL-expressed LAG-3 in the engagement of class II molecules on APCs, thereby contributing to APC activation and Th1/Tc1 commitment, without downregulating cytotoxicity. |
| 439 | 11675368 | As L-selectin is preferentially expressed on CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell populations, specific induction of these phenotypes could augment a response to L-selectin ligand-expressing tumor cells. |
| 440 | 11709784 | IFN-gamma fused to antigen is a more potent adjuvant for Th1-like responses than is IFN-gamma mixed with antigen. |
| 441 | 11754351 | Lower expression levels in beta-cells support immune regulation resulting in induction of autoreactive, regulatory cells characterized by increased IL-4 production (Th2-like), whereas higher levels favor Th1-like autoaggressive responses characterized by augmented IFN-gamma generation. |
| 442 | 11854188 | Immunity generated by infection or ex vivo antigen-pulsed DC correlates with a chlamydia-specific interleukin 12 (IL-12)-dependent CD4(+) Th1 immune response. |
| 443 | 11854188 | The results demonstrate that DC pulsed with rMOMP secrete IL-12 and stimulate infection-sensitized CD4(+) T cells to proliferate and secrete gamma interferon. |
| 444 | 11854188 | These immunological properties implied that rMOMP-pulsed DC would be potent inducers of MOMP-specific CD4(+) Th1 immunity in vivo; however, we observed the opposite result. |
| 445 | 11854188 | Immunity generated by infection or ex vivo antigen-pulsed DC correlates with a chlamydia-specific interleukin 12 (IL-12)-dependent CD4(+) Th1 immune response. |
| 446 | 11854188 | The results demonstrate that DC pulsed with rMOMP secrete IL-12 and stimulate infection-sensitized CD4(+) T cells to proliferate and secrete gamma interferon. |
| 447 | 11854188 | These immunological properties implied that rMOMP-pulsed DC would be potent inducers of MOMP-specific CD4(+) Th1 immunity in vivo; however, we observed the opposite result. |
| 448 | 11861616 | The recognition of CpG motifs requires Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, which triggers alterations in cellular redox balance and the induction of cell signaling pathways including the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF kappa B. |
| 449 | 11861616 | Cells that express TLR-9, which include plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and B cells, produce Th1-like proinflammatory cytokines, interferons, and chemokines. |
| 450 | 11884461 | Ingestion of yeasts activates DC for production of IL-12 and Th1 priming, while ingestion of hyphae induces IL-4 production and Th2 priming. |
| 451 | 11884461 | It was found that DC, from either spleens or bone marrow, transfected with yeast, but not hyphal, RNA 1) express fungal mannoproteins on their surface; 2) undergo functional maturation, as revealed by the up-regulated expression of MHC class II Ags and costimulatory molecules; 3) produce IL-12 but no IL-4; 4) are capable of inducing Th1-dependent antifungal resistance when delivered s.c. in vivo in nontransplanted mice; and 5) provide protection against the fungus in allogeneic bone marrow-transplanted mice, by accelerating the functional recovery of Candida-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) donor lymphocytes. |
| 452 | 11892837 | Therapy of lung metastases through combined vaccination with carcinoma cells engineered to release IL-13 and IFN-gamma. |
| 453 | 11892837 | TS/A spontaneous mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells were engineered to release interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a Th1 cytokine (TS/A-IFNgamma) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), a Th2 cytokine (TS/A-IL13). |
| 454 | 11892837 | Combined TS/A-IL13 and TS/A-IFNgamma therapeutic vaccinations elicited a reactive infiltrate of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in lung metastases and an increased production of IFN-gamma in the spleen and lung, suggesting a shift of the immune response toward the Th1 type. |
| 455 | 11943227 | IL-4 increases Simian immunodeficiency virus replication despite enhanced SIV immune responses in infected rhesus macaques. |
| 456 | 11943227 | It is widely believed that a Th1 type CD4 response is critical for enhancement of CD8 immunity and for controlling HIV-1 infection. |
| 457 | 11943227 | Accordingly, the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaque model was used to investigate the impact of immunisation with SIV expressing DNA constructs and co-injection with IL-4 on the SIV specific immunological responses, lymphocyte cell counts, as well as the impact on viral load. |
| 458 | 11943227 | IL-4 is a Th2 type cytokine, which enhances antibody production and inhibits a CD4 Th1 phenotype. |
| 459 | 11943227 | Importantly, vaccination in the absence of IL-4 protected CD4 levels without increasing viral load. |
| 460 | 11943227 | IL-4 increases Simian immunodeficiency virus replication despite enhanced SIV immune responses in infected rhesus macaques. |
| 461 | 11943227 | It is widely believed that a Th1 type CD4 response is critical for enhancement of CD8 immunity and for controlling HIV-1 infection. |
| 462 | 11943227 | Accordingly, the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaque model was used to investigate the impact of immunisation with SIV expressing DNA constructs and co-injection with IL-4 on the SIV specific immunological responses, lymphocyte cell counts, as well as the impact on viral load. |
| 463 | 11943227 | IL-4 is a Th2 type cytokine, which enhances antibody production and inhibits a CD4 Th1 phenotype. |
| 464 | 11943227 | Importantly, vaccination in the absence of IL-4 protected CD4 levels without increasing viral load. |
| 465 | 11943328 | Furthermore, 48h after the third immunization the CpG-group showed a significantly decreased IL-6 mRNA expression in cells of the local draining lymph node but no significant difference in TGF-beta (Th3-like) and IL-10 (Th2-like). |
| 466 | 11943328 | The ODN injected animals showed the tendency to have higher IFN-gamma (Th1-like) mRNA-expression in comparison with the control group. |
| 467 | 11983250 | The stimulation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells with phosphocarbohydrates induces the production of cytokines (IFNgamma and TNFalpha) and the release of chemokines with suppressive activity on HIV replication. |
| 468 | 11983250 | Th1 cytokines (IL-12 and IL-15) positively regulate cytokine production by Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells but they are inefficient in restoring normal functions in patients' gammadelta T cells. |
| 469 | 12021842 | Female NOD mice were treated orally with ICAM-1, TGF-beta, or control plasmid DNA and received a single injection of cyclophosphamide for synchronization and acceleration of the disease process in the pancreas. |
| 470 | 12021842 | Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of pancreatic mRNA showed that cyclophosphamide induced the expression of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12p40) in vehicle- or control plasmid-treated mice. |
| 471 | 12021842 | Treatment with ICAM-1 and TGF-beta DNA resulted in increased levels of IL-10 mRNA in the pancreas, indicating an anti-inflammatory regulatory immune response. |
| 472 | 12021842 | We conclude that oral vaccination with DNA encoding immunoregulatory molecules such as ICAM-1 and TGF-beta represents an approach for modulating the ongoing inflammatory process in the pancreas of diabetes prone NOD mice. |
| 473 | 12027423 | Adoptive transfer of antigen-pulsed DCs is especially effective at generating Th1 and CD8 immune responses. |
| 474 | 12034096 | These vectors, either by intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intragastric (i.g.) route, were able to induce a strong CD4 Th1 immune response that was correlated with slower parasite growth in the infected footpad. |
| 475 | 12036931 | CWRBA-transduced DCs elicited both cytotoxic CD4+/Th1 and CD8+ responses, although the former were more readily detected in this system. |
| 476 | 12093890 | Here we show that targeting of antigen to Fc receptors on DCs accomplishes combined activation of Th1 CD4 and CD8 effector responses in vivo, namely delayed-type hypersensitivity and tumor immunity. |
| 477 | 12093890 | Tumor protection was eliminated when immune complex-loaded DCs lacked beta(2) microglobulin, TAP, or MHC class II, demonstrating that Fc receptor-targeted antigenic uptake led to both MHC class I- and class II-restricted responses, which together are required for effector tumor immunity. |
| 478 | 12121223 | Comparative affects of plasmid-encoded interleukin 12 and interleukin 18 on the protective efficacy of DNA vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| 479 | 12121223 | Protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection requires the induction and maintenance of mycobacteria-specific, IFN-gamma-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. |
| 480 | 12121223 | The development of Th1-like T cells is promoted by the early secretion and synergistic action of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18. |
| 481 | 12121223 | This study compares the effects of plasmid-encoded IL-12 and IL-18 on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine expressing the M. tuberculosis-secreted protein antigen 85B (DNA-85B). |
| 482 | 12121223 | Co-immunization with either IL-12- or IL-18-expressing plasmids augmented the IFN-gamma-secreting T-cell response, and the maximum effect was observed with plasmids encoding both cytokines. |
| 483 | 12121223 | Further the IL-12, but not the IL-18-expressing plasmid, significantly increased the protective efficacy of DNA-85B against pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection. |
| 484 | 12243780 | Assessment of in vitro granuloma supernatant of spleen cells from PIII-loaded macrophages vaccinated mice revealed significant amounts of Th1-cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 compared to control cells. |
| 485 | 12270727 | Cruzipain-specific type 1 cytokine responses characterized by the production of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 were also detectable during murine infection. |
| 486 | 12270727 | The induction of serum antibody, mucosal IgA, Th1 cytokine and CTL responses by cruzipain in mice supports the use of this parasite protein for further efforts in T. cruzi vaccine development. |
| 487 | 12270728 | DT- and DTPa-primed spleen cells showed a Th2 (IL-5) profile while a Th1/Th2 (IFN gamma, IL-5) profile was observed for DTPw. |
| 488 | 12421990 | Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice spontaneously develop diabetes as a consequence of an autoimmune process that can be inhibited by immunotherapy with the 60-kDa heat shock protein (hsp60), with its mycobacterial counterpart 65-kDa (hsp65), or with other Ags such as insulin and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). |
| 489 | 12421990 | Vaccination with phsp60 modulated the T cell responses to hsp60 and also to the GAD and insulin autoantigens; T cell proliferative responses were significantly reduced, and the pattern of cytokine secretion to hsp60, GAD, and insulin showed an increase in IL-10 and IL-5 secretion and a decrease in IFN-gamma secretion, compatible with a shift from a Th1-like toward a Th2-like autoimmune response. |
| 490 | 12421990 | Our results extend the role of specific hsp60 immunomodulation in the control of beta cell autoimmunity and demonstrate that immunoregulatory networks activated by specific phsp60 vaccination can spread to other Ags targeted during the progression of diabetes, like insulin and GAD. |
| 491 | 12437028 | Our results implied that CD4+ Th1 cell-mediated immunity, rather than Th2 cell dominant immunity, might play a role in reducing the number of bacteria in chronic H. pylori infection. |
| 492 | 12496190 | Clearance of parasites from the skin was correlated with an inflammatory response and the infiltration and activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 493 | 12496190 | In contrast, in lymphoid tissue (lymph node or spleen), the production of Th1/Th2 cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-10, and gamma interferon) appeared to correlate with parasite burden and pathogenesis. |
| 494 | 12496436 | In immunodeficient mice, nasal immunization with gp160-HVJ-liposome induced Ag-specific immune responses for the systemic and mucosal compartments of both Th1 (IFN-gamma(-/-)) and Th2 (IL-4(-/-)). |
| 495 | 12516566 | Here, we studied the allergen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations induced following immunization of allergic and non-allergic mice with DNA vaccine vectors encoding discrete epitopes of the house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group I (Der p 1) allergen. |
| 496 | 12516566 | Using Elispot analysis, we demonstrate that allergic/vaccinated mice generate a mixed Th1/Th2 response against the allergen with high numbers of allergen-specific CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma or IL-4, whereas in non-allergic/vaccinated mice a polarized Th1 response was dominant. |
| 497 | 12516566 | Allergen-specific CD8+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma were induced at equal frequencies in both allergic and non-allergic mice. |
| 498 | 12531361 | Furthermore, we demonstrated that the generation of the mature dendritic cells pulsed with apoptotic tumour cells, successfully generated CD4(+) (Th1) and CD8(+) (CTL) cells. |
| 499 | 12573588 | The relative immaturity of the neonatal immune system limits CD4(+) Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, and represents a significant challenge for the development of vaccines against intracellular pathogens. |
| 500 | 12573588 | A single immunization of 1-week-old BALB/c mice with recombinant VLP carrying a CD8(+) T cell determinant from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (VLP-LCMV) induced antigen-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells that were similar to those elicited by adult immunization, as assessed by cytotoxic activity, interferon (IFN)-gamma secretion, cytotoxic precursor cell frequencies, in vitro avidity for antigen and protective activity against viral challenge. |
| 501 | 12597365 | In Peyer's patches (PPs) and lamina propria (LP), IgA was produced under a Th1-dominant environment; CD4+T cells from produced interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and IL-10 by stimulation with salmonella extract. |
| 502 | 12597365 | On the same protocol, flagellin plus CT induced flagellin-specific mucosal and systemic IgA and IgG1 antibodies, CD4+T cells producing IL-10 and IFN-gamma in PPs and LP, and only minimal levels of flagellin-specific DFR. |
| 503 | 12597365 | Polysome plus CT induced polysome-specific mucosal and systemic IgG2a in addition to IgG1 and IgA antibodies, CD4+T cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-2 in PPs and LP, and polysome-specific DFR. |
| 504 | 12615451 | Monkeys immunized with HPV16L1 VLPs mounted a potent humoral response with strongly neutralizing antibodies and a strong L1-specific Th2 response as measured by IL-4 production by CD4+ T cells. |
| 505 | 12615451 | Monkeys immunized with plasmid DNA or an adenoviral vector expressing HPV16L1 showed strong Th1/Tc1 responses as measured by IFN-gamma production by CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells and potent humoral responses, but only weakly neutralizing antibodies. |
| 506 | 12654805 | The biological activity of IL-12 produced by the recombinant L. lactis strain was confirmed in vitro by its ability to induce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by mouse splenocytes. |
| 507 | 12654805 | An antigen-specific cellular response (i.e., secretion of Th1 cytokines, IL-2, and IFN-gamma) elicited by a recombinant L. lactis strain displaying a cell wall-anchored human papillomavirus type 16 E7 antigen was dramatically increased by coadministration with an L. lactis strain secreting IL-12 protein. |
| 508 | 12699364 | Cytokine and chemokine combinations can potentially help target antigen to the appropriate antigen presenting cell and initiate maturation of these presenting cells, attract cells expressing different chemokine receptors, steer cellular immune responses toward Th1 and CD8 CTL, and enhance systemic and mucosal IgG and secretory IgA antibodies and determine their isotype balance. |
| 509 | 12699364 | For example, GM-CSF has been shown to be synergistic with IL-12 or CD40 ligand for induction of CTL and for antiviral protection, and the triple combination of GM-CSF, IL-12, and TNF alpha appears to induce the most effective protection in some mouse models. |
| 510 | 12704149 | Immunization of mice with plasmids containing Trypanosoma cruzi genes induced specific antibodies, CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) Tc1 cells, and protective immunity against infection. |
| 511 | 12719572 | We found that the differentiation of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing Th1 and Tc1 cells after inoculation of live virus occurred independently of STAT 4 expression. |
| 512 | 12719572 | Influenza virus-specific T2 and Tc2 responses were well controlled in such STAT 4-deficient mice unless IFN-gamma was eliminated as well. |
| 513 | 12719572 | Pulmonary infection was cleared even in the absence of both functional STAT 4 genes and functional IFN-gamma genes because virus-neutralizing antibodies were still generated, consistent with a substantial redundancy in different antiviral effector pathways. |
| 514 | 12719572 | Thus, replicating agents such as live influenza virus can elicit IFN-gamma and control T2 immunity independently of STAT 4, whereas the profile of immunity to isolated proteins is more reliant on an intact STAT 4 signaling pathway. |
| 515 | 12744877 | In all cases, s.c. administration, whether for immunisation or boosting, generated a Th1-biased response, reflected in a predominantly IgG(2a) serum antibody isotype and secretion of IFN-gamma from in vitro-stimulated lymphocytes. |
| 516 | 12744877 | The predominant secretion of IFN-gamma from all immunising/boosting combinations indicates that the route of vaccination and challenge does not alter the Th1 bias of the response to CVP constructs. |
| 517 | 12744877 | In all cases, s.c. administration, whether for immunisation or boosting, generated a Th1-biased response, reflected in a predominantly IgG(2a) serum antibody isotype and secretion of IFN-gamma from in vitro-stimulated lymphocytes. |
| 518 | 12744877 | The predominant secretion of IFN-gamma from all immunising/boosting combinations indicates that the route of vaccination and challenge does not alter the Th1 bias of the response to CVP constructs. |
| 519 | 12747770 | Tyrosinase-related proteins-1 and -2 (gp75/TRP-1 and TRP-2) are melanosomal membrane glycoproteins recognized by antibodies and T-cells from patients with melanoma. |
| 520 | 12747770 | These results show that immunity to TRP-2 following DNA immunization uses an IFN-gamma-dependent Th1 pathway, but immunity to gp75/TRP-1 is down-regulated by IFN-gamma. |
| 521 | 12782590 | Immune-splenic lymphocytes when stimulated in vitro with 3H1 or CEA, showed increased proliferative CD4(+) Th1 type T-cell response and secreted significantly high levels of Th1 cytokines [IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2] and low levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). |
| 522 | 12782590 | This vaccine also induced MHC class I antigen-restricted CD8(+) T-cell responses. |
| 523 | 12782590 | The up-regulation of activation markers CD69 and CD25 on CD8(+) CTLs correlated with antigen-specific strong CTL responses in vitro. |
| 524 | 12814694 | Kinetics of the production of serum antibody levels and Th1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines was studied in five pigs vaccinated with a synthetic tri-peptide vaccine (S3Pvac) against Taenia solium, a vaccine that has been shown protects pigs against naturally acquired infection. |
| 525 | 12814694 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of vaccinated pigs showed a significant increment in the production of Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) after specific PBLs stimulation with all the individual peptides. |
| 526 | 12905016 | The recombinant BCG strain overexpressing Ag 85A also induced an increased Th1-like response, characterized by elevated levels of IFN-gamma in antigen stimulated splenocyte cultures and a strong IgG2a antibody response, when compared to wild-type BCG. |
| 527 | 12915561 | Identification of novel immunodominant CD4+ Th1-type T-cell peptide epitopes from herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D that confer protective immunity. |
| 528 | 12915561 | Each of the four new immunodominant peptide epitopes generated strong CD4(+) Th1 T cells that were biologically active against HSV-1-infected bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. |
| 529 | 12915561 | Importantly, immunization of H-2(d) mice with the four newly identified CD4(+) Th1 peptide epitopes but not with four CD4(+) Th2 peptide epitopes induced a robust protective immunity against lethal ocular HSV-1 challenge. |
| 530 | 12915561 | Identification of novel immunodominant CD4+ Th1-type T-cell peptide epitopes from herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D that confer protective immunity. |
| 531 | 12915561 | Each of the four new immunodominant peptide epitopes generated strong CD4(+) Th1 T cells that were biologically active against HSV-1-infected bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. |
| 532 | 12915561 | Importantly, immunization of H-2(d) mice with the four newly identified CD4(+) Th1 peptide epitopes but not with four CD4(+) Th2 peptide epitopes induced a robust protective immunity against lethal ocular HSV-1 challenge. |
| 533 | 12922111 | Differential requirements for CTL generation by novel immunostimulants: APC tropism, use of the TAP-independent processing pathway, and dependency on CD80/CD86 costimulation. |
| 534 | 12922111 | All three immunostimulants also elicited CD86-dependent TH1 cytokine responses. |
| 535 | 12922130 | To gain further insight into the cytokine production profile in response to measles vaccination, we studied interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and plasma. |
| 536 | 12922130 | However, plasma levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, sIL-2R and TNF-alpha) were preferentially activated by measles virus after the first dose of measles vaccination. |
| 537 | 12922132 | The fraction RP18-1 contained DS saponin adducts of N-dicyclohexylurea, and stimulated Th2 immunity with production of IgG1, while the RP18-2 fraction contained the dodecylamide derivatives of DS saponins and stimulated Th1 immunity with production of IgG2a, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and CTL. |
| 538 | 12928404 | Analysis of the immune responses indicates that HIV-1 Gag protein plus CpG ODN immunization alone induces potent humoral as well as Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 539 | 12928404 | Furthermore, the Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses following prime-boost immunization were seen in both lymphoid and peripheral mucosal organs and were sustained over several months. |
| 540 | 12928404 | Analysis of the immune responses indicates that HIV-1 Gag protein plus CpG ODN immunization alone induces potent humoral as well as Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 541 | 12928404 | Furthermore, the Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses following prime-boost immunization were seen in both lymphoid and peripheral mucosal organs and were sustained over several months. |
| 542 | 12937899 | To improve the antitumor effect of DC vaccine, Th1-biasing cytokine interleukin (IL) 18 and melanoma-associated antigen gp100 were cotransfected into bone marrow-derived DC (IL-18/gp100-DC), which were used as vaccine to induce the protective and therapeutic immunity in a B16 melanoma model. |
| 543 | 12937899 | Immunization with IL-18/gp100-DC resulted in tumor resistance in 87.5% of the mice challenged with B16 cells; however, 12.5% and 25% of mice immunized with gp100 gene-modified DC (gp100-DC) or IL-18 gene-modified DC (IL-18-DC) were tumor free, respectively. |
| 544 | 12937899 | Immune cell depletion experiments identified that CD4(+) T cells also played an important role in the priming phase of antitumor immunity and CD8(+) T lymphocytes were the primary effectors. gp100-specific CTL response were induced most markedly in the tumor-bearing mice immunized with IL-18/gp100-DC. |
| 545 | 12937899 | Administration with such vaccine also significantly increased the production of Th1 cytokine (IL-2 and interferon-gamma) and induced infiltration of inflammatory cells inside and around the tumors. |
| 546 | 12937899 | These results indicate that immunization with DC vaccine coexpressing Th1 cytokine IL-18 and tumor antigen gene may be an effective strategy for a successful therapeutic vaccination. |
| 547 | 12937899 | To improve the antitumor effect of DC vaccine, Th1-biasing cytokine interleukin (IL) 18 and melanoma-associated antigen gp100 were cotransfected into bone marrow-derived DC (IL-18/gp100-DC), which were used as vaccine to induce the protective and therapeutic immunity in a B16 melanoma model. |
| 548 | 12937899 | Immunization with IL-18/gp100-DC resulted in tumor resistance in 87.5% of the mice challenged with B16 cells; however, 12.5% and 25% of mice immunized with gp100 gene-modified DC (gp100-DC) or IL-18 gene-modified DC (IL-18-DC) were tumor free, respectively. |
| 549 | 12937899 | Immune cell depletion experiments identified that CD4(+) T cells also played an important role in the priming phase of antitumor immunity and CD8(+) T lymphocytes were the primary effectors. gp100-specific CTL response were induced most markedly in the tumor-bearing mice immunized with IL-18/gp100-DC. |
| 550 | 12937899 | Administration with such vaccine also significantly increased the production of Th1 cytokine (IL-2 and interferon-gamma) and induced infiltration of inflammatory cells inside and around the tumors. |
| 551 | 12937899 | These results indicate that immunization with DC vaccine coexpressing Th1 cytokine IL-18 and tumor antigen gene may be an effective strategy for a successful therapeutic vaccination. |
| 552 | 12957792 | To understand the pathogenesis of vaccine-modified measles (VMM), we measured plasma levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 (Th1 cytokines), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), IL-12, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 in children with uncomplicated measles, who had anti-measles IgG antibodies and with a history of immunization on admission (day 0), day 14 and day 60. |
| 553 | 12957792 | Plasma levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 were significantly higher in VMM patients on day 0 compared to healthy controls (p = 0.023; p = 0.018; p = 0.001) respectively. |
| 554 | 12957792 | Kinetically, IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels decreased consistently from day 0 to days 14 and 60 in VMM patients. |
| 555 | 12960321 | We have also demonstrated that DNA vaccines targeting Ag to subcellular compartments, using proteins such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 70, calreticulin, or the sorting signal of the lysosome-associated membrane protein type 1 (LAMP-1), enhanced DNA vaccine potency. |
| 556 | 12960321 | We showed that coadministration of DNA encoding Bcl-x(L) with DNA encoding E7/heat shock protein 70, calreticulin/E7, or Sig/E7/LAMP-1 resulted in further enhancement of the E7-specific CD8(+) T cell response for all three constructs. |
| 557 | 12960321 | Of these strategies, mice vaccinated with Sig/E7/LAMP-1 DNA mixed with Bcl-x(L) DNA showed the greatest increase in E7-specific CD8(+) T cells ( approximately 13-fold increase). |
| 558 | 12960321 | This combination of strategies resulted in increased CD8(+) T cell functional avidity, an increased E7-specific CD4(+) Th1 cell response, enhanced tumor treatment ability, and stronger long-term tumor protection when compared with mice vaccinated without Bcl-x(L) DNA. |
| 559 | 14500649 | Effective DNA or peptide vaccination was associated with enhanced T cell proliferation to a variety of disease-associated Ags, along with a Th2/3-like shift (down-regulation of IFN-gamma secretion and enhanced secretion of IL-10 and/or tumor growth factor beta1) in response to peptide Mt176-190 (the 180-188 epitope of HSP65). |
| 560 | 14500649 | The regulatory response to HSP60 or its Hu3 epitope included both Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2/3 (IL-10/tumor growth factor beta1) secretors. |
| 561 | 14506744 | We evaluated the clinical significance of Th1(IL-2)/Th2(IL-10) urinary profiles during a weekly induction course lasting 6 weeks, followed by a weekly maintenance therapy schedule for 3 weeks. |
| 562 | 14506744 | Urinary IL-2 and /IL-10 were measured by ELISA in 39 patients receiving BCG for superficial bladder cancer or carcinoma in situ. |
| 563 | 14506744 | During the extended induction cycle, the first instillation was associated with an IL-2 cytokine profile, whereas the second and third instillations were associated with a switch to an IL-10 cytokine profile. |
| 564 | 14506744 | During the BCG extended induction cycle, the favorable IL-2 urinary cytokine pattern gradually switches to an IL-10 profile, suggesting that the schedule based on 3 weekly instillations may be unsuitable for some patients and that the dose and frequency of maintenance BCG instillations may be adapted to individual urinary cytokine levels. |
| 565 | 14559161 | A role for balance of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production in protective immunity against Neospora caninum infection. |
| 566 | 14559161 | In the acute infection of N. caninum, BALB/c-background IFN-gamma-deficient mice that were sensitive to the N. caninum infection showed high levels of IL-10 production, whereas significant levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production were observed in resistant wild type mice. |
| 567 | 14559161 | BALB/c mice vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing N. caninum surface protein NcSRS2 resisted parasite spread throughout the body, low levels of IFN-gamma production and high levels of IL-4 production were observed compared to unvaccinated animals. |
| 568 | 14559161 | The treatment of N. caninum-infected cells with IFN-gamma or IL-10 decreased the host-cell viability in an in vitro system using mouse macrophage J774A.1 cells. |
| 569 | 14559161 | On the other hand, IL-4, but not IL-10 administration, increased the viability of N. caninum-infected and IFN-gamma-treated cells. |
| 570 | 14559161 | In the light of the balance of Th1/Th2-type cytokine production, an IFN-gamma/IL-4 balance may have a crucial role for the control of cellular responses against the parasite invasion. |
| 571 | 14607868 | A well-characterized subclass of these NKT cells expresses biased TCR and recognizes glycolipids such as alpha-galactoceramide, which is found naturally only in marine sponges and presented by the cell surface glycoprotein CD1d. |
| 572 | 14607868 | Observing high frequencies of CD4 and CD8 coreceptor expression in human CD56+ T cells, we examined the potential role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules in the activation of these cells. |
| 573 | 14607868 | Activation of mononuclear cells with bacterial superantigens presented by MHC class II molecules resulted in increased frequency of CD56+ T cells. |
| 574 | 14607868 | Primarily, CD4+ cells within the CD56+-T-cell population responded to the bacterial superantigens, and cytokine expression profiles were Th1-like. |
| 575 | 14607868 | Collectively, our data suggest that a significant number of CD56+ T cells recognize pathogen-associated ligands in association with MHC class II molecules. |
| 576 | 14635022 | Antigen-specific cellular responses were characterized based on the balance of Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) and Th1 (IFN-gamma) cytokines in vitro. |
| 577 | 14971031 | Dendritic cells generated in the presence of GM-CSF plus IL-15 prime potent CD8+ Tc1 responses in vivo. |
| 578 | 14971031 | DC progenitors can be stimulated to differentiate into immature DC by various growth factors, including GM-CSF and IL-4. |
| 579 | 14971031 | Here we show that IL-15, in combination with GM-CSF, is a growth factor for murine DC. |
| 580 | 14971031 | Murine bone marrow cells, depleted of T cells, B cells, I-A+ cells and Gr-1+ granulocytes, and cultured in the presence of GM-CSF plus IL-15 (IL-15 DC), yielded DC expressing high levels of CD11c and MHC class II molecules, as well as CD11b. |
| 581 | 14971031 | These cells expressed significant levels of CD40, CD80 and CD86, and could stimulate allogeneic CD4+ T cells efficiently. |
| 582 | 14971031 | Interestingly, IL-15 DC were far superior to DC generated with GM-CSF plus IL-4 in stimulating allogeneic CD8+ T cells in vitro. |
| 583 | 14971031 | Consistent with this, IL-15 DC induced much more potent antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses with high levels of Th1 cytokines in vivo, compared to DC generated with GM-CSF plus IL-4, or with GM-CSF plus TGF-beta, or with GM-CSF alone. |
| 584 | 14971031 | Together, these data suggest that IL-15 promotes the development of DC, which induce potent Th1 and Tc1 responses in vivo. |
| 585 | 14977956 | Pigs were found to mount Th1-like responses to M. bovis BCG vaccination as determined by immunoproliferation and IFN-gamma production. |
| 586 | 14977956 | Although the gammadelta T-cell responses were dependent on the presence of CD4(+) T cells for the cytokine interleukin-2, the enhanced gammadelta T cells were due to the intrinsic changes of gammadelta T cells caused by M. bovis BCG vaccination rather than being due solely to help from CD4(+) T cells. |
| 587 | 14997036 | In particular, we focused on peripheral blood Th1/Th2 balance by measuring intracellular production of IFN-gamma, IL-2 (Th1), IL-4 (Th2), and IL-10 by CD4 T cells, using a nested case control study design within a large epidemiological survey. |
| 588 | 14997036 | In particular, ongoing Th1-type immune activation was associated with multisymptom illness in GWVs, with sick veterans having significantly elevated levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 producing CD4+ cells in the absence of in vitro stimulation compared with wGWVs (P = 0.01 and P =0.001). |
| 589 | 15004143 | The objective of this study was to analyze the changes in the type 1 T cell response, including the CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses, to influenza in the elderly compared with those in young adults. |
| 590 | 15007640 | In this study, we evaluate the Th1/Th2 profile (Th1: IL-12, IFN-gamma; Th2: IL-6, IL-10) in response to protoscoleces, EgA31 and the mixture of EgA31, EgTrp and FABP1. |
| 591 | 15007640 | Neither IFN-gamma nor IL-6, but a significant IL-10 and IL-12 concentration was detected in response to both types of antigens. |
| 592 | 15034009 | Among other tested RNAs, only polyuridylic acid induced IL-12 p70. |
| 593 | 15034009 | RNA-transfected APC also polarize T cells in an IL-12-dependent manner toward the IFN-gamma(high)IL-5 (low) Th1 phenotype, suggesting a link between the detection of appropriately structured RNA and the skewing of immune responses toward those best suited for controlling intracellular microbes. |
| 594 | 15053780 | BALB/c mice infected with the L. mexicana H-line developed a CD4(+)Th1-like response, indicated by the cytokine profile of their splenocytes stimulated by L. mexicana wild-type (WT) promastigotes. |
| 595 | 15063565 | Systemic immune responses were characterized as mixed Th1/Th2-type: IFN-gamma and IgG2a isotype were found as signs of Th1 activation, whilst IgE and IgG1 secretions indicate Th2 response. |
| 596 | 15067049 | A Toll-like receptor 2 ligand stimulates Th2 responses in vivo, via induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Fos in dendritic cells. |
| 597 | 15067049 | Thus, Escherichia coli LPS (TLR-4 stimulus), activates DCs to produce abundant IL-12(p70), but little IL-10, and stimulates Th1 and Tc1 responses. |
| 598 | 15067049 | In contrast, Pam-3-cys (TLR-2 stimulus) elicits less IL-12(p70), but abundant IL-10, and favors Th2 and T cytotoxic 2 (Tc2) responses. |
| 599 | 15067049 | Thus, Pam-3-cys induces enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, compared with LPS, resulting in suppressed IL-12(p70) and enhanced IL-10 production, as well as enhanced induction of the transcription factor, c-Fos. |
| 600 | 15067049 | Interestingly, DCs from c-fos(-/-) mice produce more IL-12(p70), but less IL-10, compared with control DCs. |
| 601 | 15100299 | Induction in humans of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell and antibody responses by sequential immunization with malaria DNA and recombinant protein. |
| 602 | 15100299 | Vaccine-induced protection against diseases like malaria, AIDS, and cancer may require induction of Ag-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell and Ab responses in the same individual. |
| 603 | 15100299 | In humans, a recombinant Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) candidate vaccine, RTS,S/adjuvant system number 2A (AS02A), induces T cells and Abs, but no measurable CD8(+) T cells by CTL or short-term (ex vivo) IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays, and partial short-term protection. |
| 604 | 15100299 | We report that sequential immunization with a PfCSP DNA vaccine and RTS,S/AS02A induced PfCSP-specific Abs and Th1 CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) cytotoxic and Tc1 T cells. |
| 605 | 15100299 | Depending upon the immunization regime, CD4(+) T cells were involved in both the induction and production phases of PfCSP-specific IFN-gamma responses, whereas, CD8(+) T cells were involved only in the production phase. |
| 606 | 15100299 | IFN-gamma mRNA up-regulation was detected in both CD45RA(-) (CD45RO(+)) and CD45RA(+)CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations after stimulation with PfCSP peptides. |
| 607 | 15121298 | Analysis of cytokine mRNA in GALT and lymphoid organs showed early induction of IFN-gamma, a Th1 cytokine, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. |
| 608 | 15125240 | Double immunization with pDNAgD led to a sixfold increase in the in vitro T-cell response, a high (1:2000) titer of anti-HSV1 antibodies (including virus-neutralizing antibodies), an increase in IgG2a/IgG1 (suggesting a shift of the immune response to the Th1 type), and no change in CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio. |
| 609 | 15158187 | In this work, we used a murine model of systemic C. albicans infection, in which resistance to reinfection with virulent wild-type cells is induced by prior exposure of mice to a low-virulence agerminative strain of C. albicans (primary sublethal infection), to study the influence of TLR2 gene deletion on (i) the ability to develop an acquired resistance upon vaccination; (ii) the development of the acquired humoral response; and (iii) the production of Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-12 and TNF-alpha. |
| 610 | 15162431 | Similar to naive CD4 T cells, Thpp cells expressed IL-2 but not the cytokines characteristic of differentiated Th1 or Th2 cells, such as IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-5. |
| 611 | 15162431 | However, Thpp, Th1 and Th2 cells, but not naive cells, expressed several CC chemokines including CCL1/TCA3, CCL5/RANTES, CCL3/MIP-1 alpha, CCL4/MIP-1 beta, and CCL9/MIP-1 gamma. |
| 612 | 15191035 | A significant role for immune cells like CD4, CD8 and gammadelta T lymphocytes have been recognized, but little is known about the kinetics of activation and accumulation of these cells in course of Tuberculosis infection in humans. |
| 613 | 15191035 | BCG induces a massive increase in the proportion of CD4 Th1 subset followed by an increase in gammadelta T cells, while no significant variation for CD8 and NK cells is found. |
| 614 | 15270841 | However, DNA vaccination encoding microbial or reporter antigens is known to induce specific long-lasting CD4 Th1 and strong cytolytic CD8 T cell responses. |
| 615 | 15270841 | Simultaneously, DNA immunization induced GAD-specific CD4 T cells secreting interleukin (IL)-4 (P < 0.05) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta (P = 0.03). |
| 616 | 15270841 | Furthermore, vaccination produced high amounts of Th2 cytokine-related IgG1 (P < 3.10(-3)) and TGF-beta-related IgG2b to GAD (P = 0.015). |
| 617 | 15270841 | Surprisingly, diabetes onset was correlated positively with Th2-related GAD-specific IgG1 (P < 10(-4)) and TGF-beta-related IgG2b (P < 3.10(-3)). |
| 618 | 15271379 | We describe the use of a recently developed technique, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, to quantify several Aotus monkey cytokine mRNAs involved in Th1/Th2 responses (IL-4, IL-10, TNF-beta and IFN-gamma). |
| 619 | 15285878 | In our study, we investigated the antitumor immunity derived from the vaccination of fusion hybrids between engineered J558/IL-18 myeloma cells secreting Th1 cytokine IL-18 and DCs. |
| 620 | 15285878 | In addition, DC/J558/IL-18 tumor cells into syngeneic mice induced a Th1 dominant immune response to J558 and resulted in tumor regression, which indicated that the antitumor effect mediated by DC/J558/IL-18 appeared to be dependent on TH1 cytokine production. |
| 621 | 15285878 | In our study, we investigated the antitumor immunity derived from the vaccination of fusion hybrids between engineered J558/IL-18 myeloma cells secreting Th1 cytokine IL-18 and DCs. |
| 622 | 15285878 | In addition, DC/J558/IL-18 tumor cells into syngeneic mice induced a Th1 dominant immune response to J558 and resulted in tumor regression, which indicated that the antitumor effect mediated by DC/J558/IL-18 appeared to be dependent on TH1 cytokine production. |
| 623 | 15340764 | In MAP/GM-CSF vaccinated animals, a cellular immune response was detected in association with the appearance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at the tumor site. |
| 624 | 15340764 | Splenocytes and CD8+ T cells from vaccinated rats produced the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma in vitro in response to stimulation by rat glioma cells expressing EGFRvIII, but not by those expressing wild-type EGFR. |
| 625 | 15364433 | In a first stage, the immune response elicited by the intramuscular injection of a mixture of four plasmid DNAs, encoding the L. infantum histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, was determined in BALB/c mice. |
| 626 | 15364433 | It was found that the immunized animals developed a specific Th1 immune response, which was associated with an antigen-specific production of interferon (IFN-gamma) and a limited humoral response against histones (dominated by antibodies of the IgG2a isotype). |
| 627 | 15364433 | The protection in mice vaccinated with histone-DNAs was associated with a low humoral response against leishmanial antigens, an enhanced IFN-gamma production and little, if any, IL-4 production. |
| 628 | 15364433 | The relative contribution of both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells to the IFN-gamma production, and the IL-12 dependence were also evaluated. |
| 629 | 15364433 | All these data indicated that DNA vaccination with Leishmania histones genes results in a specific Th1-like response during L. major infection, and that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contribute to the resistance of vaccinated mice to cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| 630 | 15364433 | In a first stage, the immune response elicited by the intramuscular injection of a mixture of four plasmid DNAs, encoding the L. infantum histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, was determined in BALB/c mice. |
| 631 | 15364433 | It was found that the immunized animals developed a specific Th1 immune response, which was associated with an antigen-specific production of interferon (IFN-gamma) and a limited humoral response against histones (dominated by antibodies of the IgG2a isotype). |
| 632 | 15364433 | The protection in mice vaccinated with histone-DNAs was associated with a low humoral response against leishmanial antigens, an enhanced IFN-gamma production and little, if any, IL-4 production. |
| 633 | 15364433 | The relative contribution of both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells to the IFN-gamma production, and the IL-12 dependence were also evaluated. |
| 634 | 15364433 | All these data indicated that DNA vaccination with Leishmania histones genes results in a specific Th1-like response during L. major infection, and that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contribute to the resistance of vaccinated mice to cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| 635 | 15373916 | When PBMC of a subset of TB patients (n = 11) were tested for secretion of protective Th1 cytokines [IFN-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12] and the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, the complex CF and CW antigens as well as the recombinant Mtb9.8, Mtb9.9, Mtb40 and Ag85B induced the secretion of both types of cytokines. |
| 636 | 15456623 | The cytokine profile (interleukin [IL]-4, 5, 10 and 2, interferon [IFN-gamma], and tumor necrosis factor [TNF-alpha]) was determined before the start of treatment and at the end of follow-up (4-5 months). |
| 637 | 15456623 | Levels of IL-4, 5 and 10 (Th2 profile) decreased while those of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha (Th1 profile) decreased. |
| 638 | 15521719 | Th1/Th2 CD4+ T cell responses against NY-ESO-1 in HLA-DPB1*0401/0402 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. |
| 639 | 15521719 | In order to elucidate the nature of the HLA-DPB1*0401/0402 (DP4+)-restricted CD4+ immune response in patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing EOC, peripheral blood CD4+ T cells from HLA-DP4+ patients were stimulated with the NY-ESO-1 epitope 157-170 and tested for the release of type 1 (IFN-gamma) and type 2 (IL-5) cytokines in enzyme-linked immunospot assays. |
| 640 | 15521719 | Of 14 DP4+ EOC patients who tested seronegative for NY-ESO-1, 3 patients had a detectable CD4+ T cell response to NY-ESO-1 epitope 157-170 by IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay. |
| 641 | 15521719 | Six of 10 DP4+ EOC patients with serum antibodies to NY-ESO-1 had CD4+ T cell responses to NY-ESO-1 epitope 157-170 by IFN-gamma assay. |
| 642 | 15521719 | Six patients had mixed Th1/Th2 CD4+ T cell responses to NY-ESO-1 epitope 157-170 regardless of their antibody response to NY-ESO-1. |
| 643 | 15521719 | Four EOC patients had Th1 cells expressing IFN-gamma, but not IL-5. |
| 644 | 15521719 | This suggests that the NY-ESO-1 epitope 157-170 stimulates both Th1 and Th2 type CD4+ T cell responses in EOC patients. |
| 645 | 15521719 | Our study supports the relevance of cancer vaccine trials with the NY-ESO-1 epitope 157-170 in HLA-DP4+ EOC patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors and strategies to improve Th1-dominated tumor-reactive CD4+ T cell bias. |
| 646 | 15528345 | Antigen targeting to CD11b allows efficient presentation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes and in vivo Th1-polarized T cell priming. |
| 647 | 15528345 | Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (CyaA) is an invasive bacterial toxin that delivers its N-terminal catalytic domain into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells bearing the alpha(M)beta(2) integrin (CD11b/CD18), such as myeloid dendritic cells. |
| 648 | 15528345 | In this study, we demonstrate that CyaA can efficiently codeliver both a CD8(+) T cell epitope (OVA(257-264)) and a CD4(+) T cell epitope (MalE(100-114)) into, respectively, the conventional cytosolic or endocytic routes of processing of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. |
| 649 | 15528345 | Upon CyaA delivery, a strong potentiation of the MalE(100-114) CD4(+) T cell epitope presentation is observed as compared with the MalE protein, which depends on CyaA interaction with its CD11b receptor and its subsequent clathrin-mediated endocytosis. |
| 650 | 15528345 | In vivo, CyaA induces strong and specific Th1 CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses against, respectively, the MalE(100-114) and OVA(257-264) epitopes. |
| 651 | 15531043 | Interleukin-12 redirects murine immune responses to soluble or aluminum phosphate adsorbed HSV-2 glycoprotein D towards Th1 and CD4+ CTL responses. |
| 652 | 15531043 | As administration of glycoprotein D subunit formulated with an aluminum-based adjuvant induces predominantly Th2-like immune responses, we sought to assess the ability of IL-12 to redirect anti-HSV immunity towards a Th1 response. |
| 653 | 15531043 | Spleen cells from mice immunized with gD and IL-12, and restimulated in vitro with HSV-2, developed into effector cells capable of secreting IFN-gamma and lysing HSV-2 infected targets, while those obtained from gD or gD/ALPO4 immunized mice did not express lytic activity. |
| 654 | 15531043 | Finally, adsorbing gD and IL-12 to AlPO4 decreased the optimal dose of IL-12 required to enhance gD immunogenicity and shift responses towards a Th1-like profile. |
| 655 | 15531043 | Interleukin-12 redirects murine immune responses to soluble or aluminum phosphate adsorbed HSV-2 glycoprotein D towards Th1 and CD4+ CTL responses. |
| 656 | 15531043 | As administration of glycoprotein D subunit formulated with an aluminum-based adjuvant induces predominantly Th2-like immune responses, we sought to assess the ability of IL-12 to redirect anti-HSV immunity towards a Th1 response. |
| 657 | 15531043 | Spleen cells from mice immunized with gD and IL-12, and restimulated in vitro with HSV-2, developed into effector cells capable of secreting IFN-gamma and lysing HSV-2 infected targets, while those obtained from gD or gD/ALPO4 immunized mice did not express lytic activity. |
| 658 | 15531043 | Finally, adsorbing gD and IL-12 to AlPO4 decreased the optimal dose of IL-12 required to enhance gD immunogenicity and shift responses towards a Th1-like profile. |
| 659 | 15531043 | Interleukin-12 redirects murine immune responses to soluble or aluminum phosphate adsorbed HSV-2 glycoprotein D towards Th1 and CD4+ CTL responses. |
| 660 | 15531043 | As administration of glycoprotein D subunit formulated with an aluminum-based adjuvant induces predominantly Th2-like immune responses, we sought to assess the ability of IL-12 to redirect anti-HSV immunity towards a Th1 response. |
| 661 | 15531043 | Spleen cells from mice immunized with gD and IL-12, and restimulated in vitro with HSV-2, developed into effector cells capable of secreting IFN-gamma and lysing HSV-2 infected targets, while those obtained from gD or gD/ALPO4 immunized mice did not express lytic activity. |
| 662 | 15531043 | Finally, adsorbing gD and IL-12 to AlPO4 decreased the optimal dose of IL-12 required to enhance gD immunogenicity and shift responses towards a Th1-like profile. |
| 663 | 15544517 | This article deals with the following matters: an outline of the host immune response to mycobacterial pathogens, particularly in terms of mobilization of the cytokine network in response to mycobacterial infection, and adjunctive immunotherapy using (1) recombinant immunomodulating cytokines, (especially Th-1 and Th-1-like cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12, IL-18 and GM-CSF), (2) inhibitors of immunosuppressive cytokines (TGF-beta) and some proinflammatory tissue-damaging cytokines (TNF-alpha), and (3) immunomodulatory agents such as ATP and its analogs, imidazoquinoline, diethyldithiocarbamate, poloxamer, dibenzopyran, galactosylceramide, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Chinese traditional medicines, levamisole, synthesized mycobacterial oligoDNA, DNA vaccine expressing mycobacterial HSP65 or IL-12, and heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae. |
| 664 | 15553669 | Monocytes were separated from the peripheral blood collected by leukapheresis, and were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days. |
| 665 | 15553669 | Then, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and PGE2 were added for maturation of DC. |
| 666 | 15553669 | Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 balances improved in six of the nine patients after vaccination. |
| 667 | 15553669 | In this study, it was shown that immunosuppressive factors, such as IAP and TGF-beta, and Th1 balance are useful as markers of immunomonitoring for tumor-DC fusion vaccine in patients with advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal patients. |
| 668 | 15553669 | Monocytes were separated from the peripheral blood collected by leukapheresis, and were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days. |
| 669 | 15553669 | Then, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and PGE2 were added for maturation of DC. |
| 670 | 15553669 | Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 balances improved in six of the nine patients after vaccination. |
| 671 | 15553669 | In this study, it was shown that immunosuppressive factors, such as IAP and TGF-beta, and Th1 balance are useful as markers of immunomonitoring for tumor-DC fusion vaccine in patients with advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal patients. |
| 672 | 15569635 | This technology utilizes specific peptides which bind to CD4, CD8 or other proteins on the surface of T cells (T cell binding ligand (TCBL)), macrophage and dendritic cells (immune cell binding ligand (ICBL)) to promote the immunogenicity of an epitope, activate T cell and other protective responses, and direct the immune response to either a Th1 or a Th2 type of response. |
| 673 | 15569635 | The J TCBL/ICBL is a peptide from beta-2-microglobulin which binds to the CD8 protein and promotes Th1 responses and the G TCBL/ICBL is a peptide from the beta chain of MHC II molecules that binds to the CD4 protein and promotes Th2 responses. |
| 674 | 15569635 | The JH1, JH2, JgB and JgD vaccines elicited DTH responses without antibody but conferred protection upon lethal challenge. |
| 675 | 15569635 | Initiation of the immune response by the JgD vaccine was dependent on functional CD4, CD8 expressing cells and interferon gamma and delivery of protection was dependent upon CD4 and interferon gamma. |
| 676 | 15569635 | This technology utilizes specific peptides which bind to CD4, CD8 or other proteins on the surface of T cells (T cell binding ligand (TCBL)), macrophage and dendritic cells (immune cell binding ligand (ICBL)) to promote the immunogenicity of an epitope, activate T cell and other protective responses, and direct the immune response to either a Th1 or a Th2 type of response. |
| 677 | 15569635 | The J TCBL/ICBL is a peptide from beta-2-microglobulin which binds to the CD8 protein and promotes Th1 responses and the G TCBL/ICBL is a peptide from the beta chain of MHC II molecules that binds to the CD4 protein and promotes Th2 responses. |
| 678 | 15569635 | The JH1, JH2, JgB and JgD vaccines elicited DTH responses without antibody but conferred protection upon lethal challenge. |
| 679 | 15569635 | Initiation of the immune response by the JgD vaccine was dependent on functional CD4, CD8 expressing cells and interferon gamma and delivery of protection was dependent upon CD4 and interferon gamma. |
| 680 | 15620477 | Virus-induced Th1-like cytokine protein and mRNA (IFNgamma and IL-2) were identified, particularly IFNgamma. |
| 681 | 15620477 | Th2-like cytokine protein and mRNA (IL-4 and IL-6) were also induced in an FMDV-specific manner. |
| 682 | 15670880 | In this initial study, we have used Sm-p80 plus the Th1 response promoting cytokine, interleukin-2 (IL-2), in a DNA immunogen formulation. |
| 683 | 15690060 | In particular, double-gene DNA vaccine composed of Ag85A and PstS-3 genes could reduce bacteria growth better than single-gene DNA vaccine after a secondary reinfection, indicating a correlation between the breadth of Th1 IFN-gamma response and the efficacy of the protection from reinfection. |
| 684 | 15694995 | In the present study, we assessed proliferation, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-4 production of MV-specific T cells after secondary in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human donors. |
| 685 | 15694995 | Most study participants produced both IFN-gamma and IL-4 after secondary in vitro stimulation. |
| 686 | 15694995 | Split-well analyses of limiting dilution cultures suggested that virtually all putative T-cell clones produced either IFN-gamma alone or both IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 687 | 15694995 | These results suggest that memory T cells responding in vitro to MV generate cells that produce either IFN-gamma alone (and resemble Th1-like cells) or secreted both IFN-gamma and IL-4 (resembling Th0-like cells) in vitro with few cells expressing a Th2-like pattern. |
| 688 | 15712014 | To understand the genetic factors that influence variation in IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses following measles immunization and to provide insight into the factors influencing both cellular and humoral immunity to measles, we assessed associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes and measles-specific Th1 and Th2-type cytokine responses in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 339 children previously vaccinated with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR-II). |
| 689 | 15712014 | Median values for measles-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion levels were 40.73 and 9.71 pg/ml, respectively. |
| 690 | 15712014 | The global tests suggested associations between measles-specific IFN-gamma response and alleles of the DRB1 and DQB1 loci (P=0.07 and P=0.02, respectively). |
| 691 | 15712014 | Th1 cytokine responses and DQB1 allele associations revealed that the alleles with the strongest association with IFN-gamma secretion were DQB1*0201, *0303, *0402, and *0602. |
| 692 | 15712014 | In addition, DPB1*0101, *0201, and *0601 alleles provided suggestive evidence of an HLA association with measles-induced IFN-gamma response, while DPB1*0501 was associated with an IL-4 response. |
| 693 | 15712014 | These data suggest that IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokine responses to measles may be genetically restricted in part by HLA class II genes, which in turn can restrict the cellular immune response to measles vaccine. |
| 694 | 15712014 | To understand the genetic factors that influence variation in IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses following measles immunization and to provide insight into the factors influencing both cellular and humoral immunity to measles, we assessed associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes and measles-specific Th1 and Th2-type cytokine responses in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 339 children previously vaccinated with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR-II). |
| 695 | 15712014 | Median values for measles-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion levels were 40.73 and 9.71 pg/ml, respectively. |
| 696 | 15712014 | The global tests suggested associations between measles-specific IFN-gamma response and alleles of the DRB1 and DQB1 loci (P=0.07 and P=0.02, respectively). |
| 697 | 15712014 | Th1 cytokine responses and DQB1 allele associations revealed that the alleles with the strongest association with IFN-gamma secretion were DQB1*0201, *0303, *0402, and *0602. |
| 698 | 15712014 | In addition, DPB1*0101, *0201, and *0601 alleles provided suggestive evidence of an HLA association with measles-induced IFN-gamma response, while DPB1*0501 was associated with an IL-4 response. |
| 699 | 15712014 | These data suggest that IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokine responses to measles may be genetically restricted in part by HLA class II genes, which in turn can restrict the cellular immune response to measles vaccine. |
| 700 | 15828575 | Here we report the proliferation of spleen cells in response to the recombinant Sm-p80 protein and cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-4) production by the splenocytes. |
| 701 | 15828575 | These spleen cells were obtained from groups of mice that were vaccinated with a DNA vaccine formulation containing Sm-p80 and one of the Th-1 (IL-2 or IL-12) or Th-2 (GM-CSF, IL-4) enhancer cytokines. |
| 702 | 15828575 | The splenocytes obtained from mice vaccinated with Sm-p80 DNA with Th-1 enhancer cytokines IL-2 and IL-12 provided the highest proliferation. |
| 703 | 15828575 | The IFN-gamma production by splenocytes was found to follow the similar pattern [(Sm-p80) < (Sm-p80 + IL-4) < (Sm-p80 + GMCSF) < (Sm-p80 + IL-12) < (Sm-p80 + IL-2)], as has been observed for the proliferation and protection data. |
| 704 | 15878683 | Plasmid DNA vaccination against tuberculosis is a very powerful and easy method for the induction of strong humoral responses, CD4+ mediated secretion of Th1 cytokines and CD8+ mediated CTL activity in mice. |
| 705 | 15878683 | However, numerous studies have reported on the potent priming capacity of plasmid DNA for Th1 and CD8+ mediated immune responses, which can be boosted subsequently by recombinant protein or recombinant pox-viruses. |
| 706 | 15879106 | CpG-independent synergistic induction of beta-chemokines and a dendritic cell phenotype by orthophosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in elutriated human primary monocytes. |
| 707 | 15879106 | High levels of the Th1-attracting, HIV-1-inhibitory chemokines, CCL3/MIP-1alpha and CCL4/MIP-1beta, were induced in human primary monocytes when CpG- or non-CpG-ODN was combined with GM-CSF, but not with IL-4 or IFN-gamma. |
| 708 | 15879106 | Cells treated with non-CpG PS-ODN and GM-CSF expressed dendritic cell marker CD83 and high levels of HLA-DR and costimulatory molecules, and were CD14(-) or CD14(dim), consistent with monocyte differentiation into a dendritic cell phenotype. |
| 709 | 15879106 | Secreted CCL3 and CCL4 were detected as a heterodimer. |
| 710 | 15905569 | Previously we had observed enhanced, eosinophilic lung pathology during primary infection of IFN-deficient STAT1(-/-) mice that are incapable of generating Th1 CD4(+) cells. |
| 711 | 15905569 | Thus, although CD4(+) Th2 cell differentiation is necessary for the development of allergic-type inflammation after infection and appears to be unaffected by type I IFNs, innate IFNs clearly have an important role in determining the nature and severity of RSV disease. |
| 712 | 15930317 | Heat shock proteins (HSP) have been revealed to interact with antigen-presenting cells and have potent adjuvant capability to induce antigen-specific CD8+ CTL and Th1 responses. |
| 713 | 15930317 | Our previous work shows how Hsp70-like protein 1 (Hsp70L1), as a new member of the Hsp70 subfamily, acts as potent Th1 adjuvant. |
| 714 | 15930317 | Here, we report the efficient induction of tumor antigen-specific immune response by dendritic cells pulsed with recombinant fusion protein of Hsp70L1 and CEA(576-669) fragment of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) containing CAP-1 (a HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitope). |
| 715 | 15930317 | Fusion protein CEA(576-669)-Hsp70L1 can promote dendritic cell maturation and activate dendritic cells to produce cytokines, such as interleukin-12, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and chemokines, such as macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, and regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted, indicating the adjuvant ability of Hsp70L1 in the fusion protein. |
| 716 | 15930317 | CEA-specific HLA-A2.1-restricted CD8+ CTLs either from patients with CEA+/HLA-A2.1+ colon carcinoma or from splenocytes of immunized HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic mice can be generated more efficiently after stimulations or immunizations with dendritic cells pulsed by CEA(576-669)-Hsp70L1 than with dendritic cells pulsed by CEA(576-669) alone, resulting in secreting more Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma and killing target cells more potently in an antigen-specific and HLA-A2.1-restricted manner. |
| 717 | 15930317 | Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from transgenic mice immunized with CEA(576-669)-Hsp70L1-pulsed dendritic cells can inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival in nude mice bearing CEA+/HLA-A2.1+ human colon carcinoma more markedly. |
| 718 | 15930318 | The newly identified fourth CD4+ 8+ TID815 or TID198 subset and the CD4+ 8- TID198 all express high levels of IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-6, whereas CD4- 8- TID815 secrete a marked level of transforming growth factor-beta. |
| 719 | 15930318 | Vaccination of mice with P815 tumor lysate-pulsed CD4+ 8+ TID815 or TID198 and CD4+ 8- TID198 induced IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 and effective CTL responses leading to protective immunity against P815 tumor, whereas CD4- 8- TID815 stimulated IL-10-expressing Tr1 responses leading to immune suppression. |
| 720 | 15930318 | Transfer of CD4+ Tr1 cells obtained from CD4- 8- TID815-immunized wild-type, but not IL-10(-/-) mice, into CD4+ 8+ TID815 immunized mice abolished otherwise inevitable development of antitumor immunity. |
| 721 | 15944268 | Immunization with HIV-1 Gag protein conjugated to a TLR7/8 agonist results in the generation of HIV-1 Gag-specific Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 722 | 15944268 | Injection of R-848 and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides alone enhanced the innate immune responses in vivo as demonstrated by high serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-12p70 and IFN-alpha, and increased expression of CD80, CD86, and CD40 on CD11c(+) dendritic cells. |
| 723 | 15944268 | By contrast, R-848 was a relatively poor adjuvant for inducing primary Th1 or CD8(+) T cell responses when administered with HIV-1 Gag protein. |
| 724 | 15944268 | However, when a TLR7/8 agonist structurally and functionally similar to R-848 was conjugated to HIV-1 Gag protein both Th1 and CD8(+) T cells responses were elicited as determined by intracellular cytokine and tetramer staining. |
| 725 | 15944268 | Immunization with HIV-1 Gag protein conjugated to a TLR7/8 agonist results in the generation of HIV-1 Gag-specific Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 726 | 15944268 | Injection of R-848 and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides alone enhanced the innate immune responses in vivo as demonstrated by high serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-12p70 and IFN-alpha, and increased expression of CD80, CD86, and CD40 on CD11c(+) dendritic cells. |
| 727 | 15944268 | By contrast, R-848 was a relatively poor adjuvant for inducing primary Th1 or CD8(+) T cell responses when administered with HIV-1 Gag protein. |
| 728 | 15944268 | However, when a TLR7/8 agonist structurally and functionally similar to R-848 was conjugated to HIV-1 Gag protein both Th1 and CD8(+) T cells responses were elicited as determined by intracellular cytokine and tetramer staining. |
| 729 | 15944268 | Immunization with HIV-1 Gag protein conjugated to a TLR7/8 agonist results in the generation of HIV-1 Gag-specific Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 730 | 15944268 | Injection of R-848 and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides alone enhanced the innate immune responses in vivo as demonstrated by high serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-12p70 and IFN-alpha, and increased expression of CD80, CD86, and CD40 on CD11c(+) dendritic cells. |
| 731 | 15944268 | By contrast, R-848 was a relatively poor adjuvant for inducing primary Th1 or CD8(+) T cell responses when administered with HIV-1 Gag protein. |
| 732 | 15944268 | However, when a TLR7/8 agonist structurally and functionally similar to R-848 was conjugated to HIV-1 Gag protein both Th1 and CD8(+) T cells responses were elicited as determined by intracellular cytokine and tetramer staining. |
| 733 | 15946743 | The phenotypic analysis of this early MmmSC-induced response revealed the predominant contribution of the CD4 T-cells in all animals whereas IFNgamma was only constantly produced in recovered animals. |
| 734 | 15946743 | Evolution of this early MmmSC-specific immune response was then followed by a kinetic analysis of the MmmSC-induced CD4 T-cell response and IFNgamma released. |
| 735 | 15946743 | The results demonstrated that in recovered animals, the MmmSC-specific CD4 Th1-like T-cell response was maintained until slaughtering whereas in animals with acute disease, progression of CBPP was associated with a decreased ability of the PBMC to produce IFNgamma. |
| 736 | 15949138 | Despite normal basal expression of Toll-like receptors and membrane CD14, innate immune responses of neonatal mononuclear cells to lipopolysaccharide are characterized by markedly reduced release of the pro-inflammatory Th1-polarizing cytokines TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma with relative preservation of anti-inflammatory Th2-polarizing cytokines. |
| 737 | 16014948 | Induction of neutralizing antibodies and Th1-polarized and CD4-independent CD8+ T-cell responses following delivery of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein by recombinant adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis. |
| 738 | 16014948 | We have previously demonstrated that the adenylate cyclase (CyaA) from Bordetella pertussis targets dendritic cells and delivers CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell epitopes into the major histocompatibility complex class I and class II presentation pathways. |
| 739 | 16014948 | In addition, our data demonstrated that HIV-Tat-specific gamma interferon-producing CD8(+) T cells were generated after vaccination with CyaA-E5-Tat in a CD4(+) T-cell-independent manner. |
| 740 | 16099080 | The cytokine measurement profile of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-6 and low levels of IL-4 in the cultural supernatants of SP, PP and LP showed mixed CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 immune response. |
| 741 | 16126280 | The role of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in viral infections. |
| 742 | 16126280 | Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain viral-induced immunosuppression, including an imbalance in the cellular Th1/Th2 or cytokine profile, induction of anergy, depletion of effector cells and most recently the activation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (T reg) cells. |
| 743 | 16126280 | CD4+CD25+ T reg cells are a subset of circulating CD4+ T cells with suppressive properties. |
| 744 | 16126280 | CD4+CD25+ T reg cells were first identified in mice as cells capable of maintaining self-tolerance by suppressing autoreactive T cells. |
| 745 | 16126280 | This review focuses on interactions between CD4+CD25+ T reg cells and viral pathogens. |
| 746 | 16126280 | Most cases in which CD4+CD25+ T reg cells participate in response to infection reported so far involve chronic or persistent viral infections. |
| 747 | 16126280 | It is currently not known how microbes are recognized by CD4+CD25+ T reg cells and whether exoantigen-specific T reg cells are of the same lineage as self-reacting natural T reg cells or represent peripherally induced counterparts derived from CD4+CD25- T cells. |
| 748 | 16126344 | In this work, the possibility of inducing a Th1 type of immune response in vivo by mixing a HER-2/neu synthetic CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) peptide [HER-2/neu (789-797)], with poly-lactide (PLA) microspheres was investigated. |
| 749 | 16148144 | In addition to IL-12p40, HKBA induces other Th1-like cytokines, namely, IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma, in a TLR9-dependent manner. |
| 750 | 16149990 | Abomasal lymph nodes and/or abomasal mucosa were collected and messenger RNA for the Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12 p40 subunit), the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15) and the Th3/Tr cytokine TGF-beta was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. |
| 751 | 16149990 | However, following infection all calves showed a significant decrease in the Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-12 p40, and a significant increase in the Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 in the lymph nodes, compared to non-infected calves. |
| 752 | 16149990 | In contrast, a Th2 pattern was not observed in the mucosa of the infected calves, which exhibited an increase in IFN-gamma as well as in the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 mRNA. |
| 753 | 16149990 | Abomasal lymph nodes and/or abomasal mucosa were collected and messenger RNA for the Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12 p40 subunit), the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15) and the Th3/Tr cytokine TGF-beta was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. |
| 754 | 16149990 | However, following infection all calves showed a significant decrease in the Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-12 p40, and a significant increase in the Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 in the lymph nodes, compared to non-infected calves. |
| 755 | 16149990 | In contrast, a Th2 pattern was not observed in the mucosa of the infected calves, which exhibited an increase in IFN-gamma as well as in the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 mRNA. |
| 756 | 16169588 | The titres of specific antibodies and serum IgG1/IgG2 ratio to PRV vaccine, the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), IL-4 and interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) in piglets serum were examined to identify the immune response of the newborn piglets. |
| 757 | 16169588 | The results showed that piglets immunized with PRV vaccine and CpG ODN presented high titers of PRV-specific antibodies and IgG2 isotype, a Th1-dominated (IFN-gamma) cytokine profile, together with inducing higher proliferation of PBMCs. |
| 758 | 16207532 | Experimental approaches to mediate GVT effects while limiting GVHD include: (1) allograft T cell depletion followed by immune enhancement; (2) modulation of T cell dose or T cell subset composition; (3) donor lymphocyte infusion; (4) reduced-intensity host preparation; (5) modulation of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 cell balance; (6) cytokine therapy or neutralization; (7) T regulatory cell therapy; (8) co-stimulatory pathway modulation; (9) chemokine pathway modulation; (10) induction of antigen-specific T cells; (11) alloreactive NK cell therapy; and (12) targeted pharmaceutical inhibition of proteosome, mammalian target of rapamycin, and histone deacetylase pathways. |
| 759 | 16213631 | Interleukin-12 induces a Th1-like response to Burkholderia mallei and limited protection in BALB/c mice. |
| 760 | 16213631 | There was a seven- to nine-fold increase in IgG2a levels, and a significant increase in the proliferative response and interferon (IFN)-gamma production by splenocytes from mice that received B. mallei and IL-12. |
| 761 | 16213631 | The results suggest that IL-12 can enhance the Th1-like immune response to B. mallei and mediate limited protection from a lethal challenge. |
| 762 | 16213631 | Interleukin-12 induces a Th1-like response to Burkholderia mallei and limited protection in BALB/c mice. |
| 763 | 16213631 | There was a seven- to nine-fold increase in IgG2a levels, and a significant increase in the proliferative response and interferon (IFN)-gamma production by splenocytes from mice that received B. mallei and IL-12. |
| 764 | 16213631 | The results suggest that IL-12 can enhance the Th1-like immune response to B. mallei and mediate limited protection from a lethal challenge. |
| 765 | 16306582 | We demonstrate that the self-replicating RNA vaccine induced a broad-based, humoral and cellular (Th1 and CD8+ T-cell response) immune response comparable to that induced by live vaccines and that it protected mice from challenge. |
| 766 | 16352562 | To understand the role of cytokines during rotavirus infection, we assessed the kinetics of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (proinflammatory), IL-12 (Th1 inducer), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (Th1), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2), and transforming growth factor beta (Th3) cytokine responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and intestinal contents of neonatal gnotobiotic pigs and IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokine-secreting cell (CSC) responses of mononuclear cells from ileum, spleen, and blood by ELISPOT. |
| 767 | 16352562 | In serum, IL-6 was significantly elevated at postinoculation day (PID) 1 in the VirHRV group and at PID 3 in both HRV groups. |
| 768 | 16352562 | A significantly higher percentage of pigs had IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses in serum after VirHRV infection than after AttHRV infection or in controls. |
| 769 | 16352562 | Higher protection rates may be associated with more balanced Th1- and Th2-type responses, but induction of higher earlier IFN-gamma (Th1) and proinflammatory cytokines triggered by VirHRV may also play an important role in the higher intestinal immunoglobulin A responses and protection rates induced by VirHRV. |
| 770 | 16352562 | To understand the role of cytokines during rotavirus infection, we assessed the kinetics of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (proinflammatory), IL-12 (Th1 inducer), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (Th1), IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2), and transforming growth factor beta (Th3) cytokine responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and intestinal contents of neonatal gnotobiotic pigs and IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokine-secreting cell (CSC) responses of mononuclear cells from ileum, spleen, and blood by ELISPOT. |
| 771 | 16352562 | In serum, IL-6 was significantly elevated at postinoculation day (PID) 1 in the VirHRV group and at PID 3 in both HRV groups. |
| 772 | 16352562 | A significantly higher percentage of pigs had IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses in serum after VirHRV infection than after AttHRV infection or in controls. |
| 773 | 16352562 | Higher protection rates may be associated with more balanced Th1- and Th2-type responses, but induction of higher earlier IFN-gamma (Th1) and proinflammatory cytokines triggered by VirHRV may also play an important role in the higher intestinal immunoglobulin A responses and protection rates induced by VirHRV. |
| 774 | 16364514 | Although ICOS-B7RP-1 interactions were originally implicated in Th2 generation, surprisingly this receptor-ligand pair was only upregulated on antigen-specific T and B cells following Th1 induction. |
| 775 | 16375942 | Th1 CD4 T cell responses were also detected in VP6-immunized animals based on high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 found after in vitro VP6 stimulation of spleen cells. |
| 776 | 16413950 | Anti-leishmanial immune defences are primarily dependent on the ability of the host to mount an interleukin-12 (IL-12) driven Th1 type of responses. |
| 777 | 16413950 | We demonstrate that an expression plasmid encoding both p35 and p40 subunits of IL-12 when co-administered with rORFF induces a significant protection with around 82% protection in both liver and spleen. |
| 778 | 16413950 | The protection correlated with increased proliferative response of splenocytes and subsequent release of Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma. |
| 779 | 16413950 | Anti-leishmanial immune defences are primarily dependent on the ability of the host to mount an interleukin-12 (IL-12) driven Th1 type of responses. |
| 780 | 16413950 | We demonstrate that an expression plasmid encoding both p35 and p40 subunits of IL-12 when co-administered with rORFF induces a significant protection with around 82% protection in both liver and spleen. |
| 781 | 16413950 | The protection correlated with increased proliferative response of splenocytes and subsequent release of Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma. |
| 782 | 16424174 | Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 783 | 16424174 | Mouse and human CD4 T cells primed during an immune response may differentiate into effector phenotypes such as Th1 (secreting IFN-gamma) or Th2 (secreting IL-4) that mediate effective immunity against different classes of pathogen. |
| 784 | 16424174 | However, primed CD4 T cells can also remain uncommitted, secreting IL-2 and chemokines, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 785 | 16424174 | We now show that human CD4 T cells primed by protein vaccines mostly secreted IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, whereas in the same individuals most CD4 T cells initially primed by infection with live pathogens secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 786 | 16424174 | We further demonstrate that many tetanus-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- cells are uncommitted and that a single IL-2+IFN-gamma- cell can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes following in vitro stimulation under appropriate polarizing conditions. |
| 787 | 16424174 | In contrast, influenza-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- CD4 cells maintained a Th1-like phenotype even under Th2-polarizing conditions. |
| 788 | 16424174 | Similarly, adoptively transferred OTII transgenic mouse T cells secreted mainly IL-2 after priming with OVA in alum, but were biased toward IFN-gamma secretion when primed with the same OVA peptide presented as a pathogen Ag during live infection. |
| 789 | 16424174 | Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 790 | 16424174 | Mouse and human CD4 T cells primed during an immune response may differentiate into effector phenotypes such as Th1 (secreting IFN-gamma) or Th2 (secreting IL-4) that mediate effective immunity against different classes of pathogen. |
| 791 | 16424174 | However, primed CD4 T cells can also remain uncommitted, secreting IL-2 and chemokines, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 792 | 16424174 | We now show that human CD4 T cells primed by protein vaccines mostly secreted IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, whereas in the same individuals most CD4 T cells initially primed by infection with live pathogens secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 793 | 16424174 | We further demonstrate that many tetanus-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- cells are uncommitted and that a single IL-2+IFN-gamma- cell can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes following in vitro stimulation under appropriate polarizing conditions. |
| 794 | 16424174 | In contrast, influenza-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- CD4 cells maintained a Th1-like phenotype even under Th2-polarizing conditions. |
| 795 | 16424174 | Similarly, adoptively transferred OTII transgenic mouse T cells secreted mainly IL-2 after priming with OVA in alum, but were biased toward IFN-gamma secretion when primed with the same OVA peptide presented as a pathogen Ag during live infection. |
| 796 | 16424174 | Protein vaccines induce uncommitted IL-2-secreting human and mouse CD4 T cells, whereas infections induce more IFN-gamma-secreting cells. |
| 797 | 16424174 | Mouse and human CD4 T cells primed during an immune response may differentiate into effector phenotypes such as Th1 (secreting IFN-gamma) or Th2 (secreting IL-4) that mediate effective immunity against different classes of pathogen. |
| 798 | 16424174 | However, primed CD4 T cells can also remain uncommitted, secreting IL-2 and chemokines, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. |
| 799 | 16424174 | We now show that human CD4 T cells primed by protein vaccines mostly secreted IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, whereas in the same individuals most CD4 T cells initially primed by infection with live pathogens secreted IFN-gamma. |
| 800 | 16424174 | We further demonstrate that many tetanus-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- cells are uncommitted and that a single IL-2+IFN-gamma- cell can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 phenotypes following in vitro stimulation under appropriate polarizing conditions. |
| 801 | 16424174 | In contrast, influenza-specific IL-2+IFN-gamma- CD4 cells maintained a Th1-like phenotype even under Th2-polarizing conditions. |
| 802 | 16424174 | Similarly, adoptively transferred OTII transgenic mouse T cells secreted mainly IL-2 after priming with OVA in alum, but were biased toward IFN-gamma secretion when primed with the same OVA peptide presented as a pathogen Ag during live infection. |
| 803 | 16425224 | In this study, the treatment with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) vaccine induced an infiltration of T cells into the tumor site as well as the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-2, and delayed lung metastases of tumor, but the tumor progression nonetheless occur finally. |
| 804 | 16425224 | To complement these findings, we investigated the gene expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by Real-time PCR analysis, which revealed that the expression of TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 by TIL in the mice treated with HSP70 vaccine in combination with sPD-1 was increased and the expression of negative regulatory molecules IL-10, TGF-beta and foxp3 was decreased, demonstrating that multifunctional properties afforded by the combination therapy can effectively overcome tumor resistance and promote effective antitumor immunity. |
| 805 | 16488518 | DNA vaccination is a potent means for inducing strong CD4+ (Th1) and particularly CD8+ mediated immune responses and protective immunity against tuberculosis infection in mice. |
| 806 | 16488518 | Ag85A specific CD4+ and CD8+ mediated IFN-gamma responses were increased in mice primed with DNA prior to BCG, and in BCG vaccinated mice subsequently boosted with DNA. |
| 807 | 16543916 | Additionally, in vitro studies using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicate that mda-7/IL-24 has TH1 cytokine-like activity. |
| 808 | 16543916 | An in vitro subset analysis of splenocytes from vaccinated mice demonstrated a significant increase in the CD3(+)CD8(+) but not the CD3(+)CD4(+) cell population (P=0.019). |
| 809 | 16545504 | The fusion protein induced a Th1 type response, with predominance of specific IgG2a/IgG2c isotype and IFN-gamma secretions, whereas Rop2 alone or mixed with LiHsp83 produced a Th1/Th2 mixed response. |
| 810 | 16563545 | Moreover, p24/PLA nanoparticles elicited strong CTL responses and a Th1-biased cytokine release (IFNgamma, IL-2) in mice. p24 protein seemed to generate a more Th1-oriented response when administered coated onto the surface of PLA nanoparticles than adjuvanted with Freund's adjuvant. |
| 811 | 16563545 | Most importantly, the ability of p24/PLA particles to induce Th1 responses was also confirmed in the macaque model, since high levels of IFNgamma-producing CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells could be detected by the ELISPOT assay. |
| 812 | 16563545 | Moreover, p24/PLA nanoparticles elicited strong CTL responses and a Th1-biased cytokine release (IFNgamma, IL-2) in mice. p24 protein seemed to generate a more Th1-oriented response when administered coated onto the surface of PLA nanoparticles than adjuvanted with Freund's adjuvant. |
| 813 | 16563545 | Most importantly, the ability of p24/PLA particles to induce Th1 responses was also confirmed in the macaque model, since high levels of IFNgamma-producing CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells could be detected by the ELISPOT assay. |
| 814 | 16581161 | Poly-L-arginine was required for the aimed-for Th1/Tc1-type immunity (IFN-gamma secreting T cells). |
| 815 | 16611905 | Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing herpes simplex virus type 2 gD elicit robust CD4+ Th1 immune responses and are protective in mouse and guinea pig models of vaginal challenge. |
| 816 | 16621192 | It is known to induce maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro and is used as a vaccine adjuvant to induce CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cell responses in vivo. |
| 817 | 16632108 | While no variations were seen in serum IL12 or TNFalpha levels, a high IFNgamma secretion was detected from Day 8, concomitant to IFNalpha, followed by IL10. |
| 818 | 16632108 | Specific Th1 and CD8 responses were detected on Day 28, with high IFNgamma/TNFalpha ratios. |
| 819 | 16714570 | CyaA is able to target dendritic cells and to deliver CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell epitopes to the major histocompatibility complex class II/I molecule presentation pathways, triggering specific Th1 or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. |
| 820 | 16714570 | Several CyaA harboring either the entire TB10.4 protein or various subfragments containing the TB10.4:20-28 CTL epitope were shown to induce TB10.4-specific Th1 CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. |
| 821 | 16714570 | In contrast, TB10.4 protein administered with a cocktail of strong adjuvants that triggered a strong Th1 CD4+ T-cell response induced significant protection against M. tuberculosis challenge. |
| 822 | 16714570 | CyaA is able to target dendritic cells and to deliver CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell epitopes to the major histocompatibility complex class II/I molecule presentation pathways, triggering specific Th1 or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. |
| 823 | 16714570 | Several CyaA harboring either the entire TB10.4 protein or various subfragments containing the TB10.4:20-28 CTL epitope were shown to induce TB10.4-specific Th1 CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. |
| 824 | 16714570 | In contrast, TB10.4 protein administered with a cocktail of strong adjuvants that triggered a strong Th1 CD4+ T-cell response induced significant protection against M. tuberculosis challenge. |
| 825 | 16714570 | CyaA is able to target dendritic cells and to deliver CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell epitopes to the major histocompatibility complex class II/I molecule presentation pathways, triggering specific Th1 or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. |
| 826 | 16714570 | Several CyaA harboring either the entire TB10.4 protein or various subfragments containing the TB10.4:20-28 CTL epitope were shown to induce TB10.4-specific Th1 CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. |
| 827 | 16714570 | In contrast, TB10.4 protein administered with a cocktail of strong adjuvants that triggered a strong Th1 CD4+ T-cell response induced significant protection against M. tuberculosis challenge. |
| 828 | 16725235 | HCV-NS3 Th1 minigene vaccine based on invariant chain CLIP genetic substitution enhances CD4(+) Th1 cell responses in vivo. |
| 829 | 16790792 | In order to quantify in vivo the mRNAs of cytokines which play important roles in leptospirosis, we have developed quantitative real-time PCR assays for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor beta, and two housekeeping genes (encoding beta-actin and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase). |
| 830 | 16790792 | In this kinetic study, there was pronounced expression of Th1 cytokine mRNA (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-12), with transcripts being detected as early as 1 h postinfection. |
| 831 | 16790792 | Expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, was prominent in delayed samples from 1 to 4 days postinfection in response to infection with Leptospira interrogans. |
| 832 | 16829609 | The 3' CCACCA sequence of tRNAAla(UGC) is the motif that is important in inducing Th1-like immune response, and this motif can be recognized by Toll-like receptor 3. |
| 833 | 16829609 | Moreover, the recognitions of different tRNA(Ala)(UGC) fragments by TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 were analyzed. |
| 834 | 16857732 | Critical role for serum opsonins and complement receptors CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) in phagocytosis of Francisella tularensis by human dendritic cells (DC): uptake of Francisella leads to activation of immature DC and intracellular survival of the bacteria. |
| 835 | 16857732 | We demonstrate that complement factor C3-derived opsonins and the major complement receptors expressed by DC, the integrins CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18), play a critical role in this adhesion-mediated phagocytosis. |
| 836 | 16857732 | LVS induced proinflammatory cytokine production and up-regulation of costimulatory surface proteins (CD40, CD86, and MHC Class II) on DC but resisted killing. |
| 837 | 16857732 | Serum-treated LVS rapidly induced (within 6 h) a number of cytokines including IL-10, a potent suppressor of macrophage functions and down-regulator of Th1-like responses and the Th1 response inducer IL-12. |
| 838 | 16857732 | These results suggest that the simultaneous production of an activating (IL-12, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha) and a suppressing (IL-10) cytokine profile could contribute to the immunopathogenesis of tularemia. |
| 839 | 16893990 | Influenza virus NS vectors expressing the mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 protein induce CD4+ Th1 immune response and protect animals against tuberculosis challenge. |
| 840 | 16962360 | Experimental DNA vaccines induced substantial levels of cell-mediated immune responses as indicated by marked lymphocyte proliferation, significant release of the Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-12 (p40), and predominant cytotoxic T cell activity. |
| 841 | 16970682 | PDC stimulated the T cells to produce gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-(IL)-10, whereas CD11c+ DC induced lower levels of IFN-gamma, virtually no IL-10, but significant levels of IL-5. |
| 842 | 16970682 | Analysis of intracellular cytokine production showed simultaneous production of IL-10 and IFN-gamma in mumps-specific T cells activated by PDC, a cytokine pattern similar to that described for Th1-like regulatory cells. |
| 843 | 17004293 | It is likely that an effective and safe vaccine needs to elicit a balanced immune response, including RSV-specific neutralising antibodies, CD8 T-cells, Th1/Th2 CD4 T-cells and preferably secretory IgA. |
| 844 | 17005692 | CD127+CCR5+CD38+++ CD4+ Th1 effector cells are an early component of the primary immune response to vaccinia virus and precede development of interleukin-2+ memory CD4+ T cells. |
| 845 | 17005692 | Between days 11 and 14 postinoculation, there was a peak of proliferating CCR5+CD38+++ CD4+ effector cells which contained the cytotoxic granule marker T-cell intracellular antigen 1 and included gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells. |
| 846 | 17005692 | The majority of these initial vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells were CD127+ and produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) but not CTLA-4 in response to restimulation in vitro. |
| 847 | 17005692 | Between days 14 and 21, there was a switch from IFN-gamma and IL-2 coexpression to IL-2 production only, coinciding with a resting phenotype and an increased in vitro proliferation response. |
| 848 | 17005692 | The early CCR5+CD38+++ vaccinia virus-specific CD4+ T cells were similar to our previous observations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4+ T cells in primary HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but the vaccinia virus-specific cells expressed much more CD127 and IL-2 than we previously found in their HIV-specific counterparts. |
| 849 | 17005692 | The current study provides important information on the differentiation of IL-2+ vaccinia virus-specific memory cells, allowing further study of antiviral effector CD4+ T cells in healthy adults and their dysfunction in HIV-1 infection. |
| 850 | 17046037 | An effective vaccine against C. abortus must induce a Th1-like specific immune response, which is characterized by the early production of IFN-gamma and the activation of CD8(+)T cells. |
| 851 | 17055124 | The results showed that, compared to Tris-EDTA buffer (TE, 1 mM Tris, 0.1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0) injected mice, the expressions of Th1 type cytokine IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 were increased in hybrid phage, KLH-C, and wild phage immunized mice, and there were no differences between mice immunized with hybrid phage and KLH-C. |
| 852 | 17055124 | While the expression of Th2 type cytokine IL-10 was similar in all mice, IL-4 was not detected. |
| 853 | 17079650 | Thimerosal, in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited the secretion of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p70 from human monocyte-derived DC. |
| 854 | 17079650 | These thimerosal-exposed DC induced increased TH2 (IL-5 and IL-13) and decreased TH1 (IFN-gamma) cytokine secretion from the T cells in the absence of additional thimerosal added to the coculture. |
| 855 | 17079650 | Thimerosal exposure of DC led to the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), and addition of exogenous GSH to DC abolished the TH2-promoting effect of thimerosal-treated DC, restoring secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p70 by DC and IFN-gamma secretion by T cells. |
| 856 | 17102977 | Plasmid DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase is effective in eliciting autologous antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 857 | 17102977 | In this paper, we investigate the ability of another genetic immunization method, a DNA vaccine encoding PAP, to elicit antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses. |
| 858 | 17102977 | We determined that rats immunized with a DNA vaccine encoding hPAP developed a Th1-biased immune response as indicated by proliferating PAP-specific CD4+ and CD8+ cells and IFNgamma production. |
| 859 | 17102977 | Most importantly, multiple immunizations with a DNA vaccine encoding the rat PAP homologue (pTVG-RP) could overcome peripheral self-tolerance against rPAP and generate a Th1-biased antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response. |
| 860 | 17102977 | Plasmid DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase is effective in eliciting autologous antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 861 | 17102977 | In this paper, we investigate the ability of another genetic immunization method, a DNA vaccine encoding PAP, to elicit antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses. |
| 862 | 17102977 | We determined that rats immunized with a DNA vaccine encoding hPAP developed a Th1-biased immune response as indicated by proliferating PAP-specific CD4+ and CD8+ cells and IFNgamma production. |
| 863 | 17102977 | Most importantly, multiple immunizations with a DNA vaccine encoding the rat PAP homologue (pTVG-RP) could overcome peripheral self-tolerance against rPAP and generate a Th1-biased antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response. |
| 864 | 17131118 | Among the fusion vaccines tested, semiallogeneic DC/TC hybrids induced the highest ratio of Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma to Th2 cytokine IL-10. |
| 865 | 17215337 | We studied the association between HLA alleles and rubella-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (Th1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (Th2) cytokine responses among 106 healthy children (ages, 14 to 17 years) previously immunized with two doses of rubella vaccine. |
| 866 | 17215337 | Several class I HLA-A (*0201, *2402, *6801) alleles were significantly associated with rubella vaccine-induced IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 867 | 17215337 | Several class II HLA-DRB1 (*0101) and HLA-DQB1 (*0501) alleles were also suggestive of an association with IFN-gamma secretion. |
| 868 | 17215337 | Alleles with potential associations with rubella-specific IL-10 production included HLA-A (*0201, *6801), HLA-B (*4901), and HLA-DRB1 (*1302). |
| 869 | 17215337 | The class I A*0201 and A*6801 alleles were associated with both IFN-gamma and IL-10 secretion. |
| 870 | 17229643 | Anti-idiotypic T cells were analyzed in myeloma patients (n=18) vaccinated with idiotypic protein together with the adjuvant cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and/or interleukin-12 (IL-12). |
| 871 | 17229643 | In the group given IL-12/GM-CSF, 78% developed idiotype specific T cells as compared to 22% in the group given only IL-12 (proliferation/ELISPOT assays) (p<0.05). |
| 872 | 17229643 | A predominance of a Th1 (IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha) immune response was noted in the IL-12 group while a Th2 (IL-5) response prevailed in the IL-12/GM-CSF group (p=0.053). |
| 873 | 17230439 | Although phosphoantigen activated immediately a strong release of systemic Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha), it further anergized blood gammadelta T lymphocytes selectively. |
| 874 | 17335944 | ELISA analysis revealed there were predominant production of IFNgamma and IL-2 cytokines as compared to IL-4, and IL-10 productions in DS-treated mice. |
| 875 | 17335944 | Our studies show that DS protects mice against disseminated candidiasis by the CD4+ Th1 immune response. |
| 876 | 17339467 | Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) targets the cytoplasm of APC and is a strong CD8 and CD4 Th1-promoting vaccine vehicle in adult mice. |
| 877 | 17339467 | We found that neonatal mice immunized only once with the attenuated strain DeltaactA-Lm developed robust primary and secondary CD8 and CD4 Th1 responses and were fully protected from lethal challenge with virulent wild-type Lm without the need for a booster immunization. |
| 878 | 17339467 | Furthermore, DeltaactA-Lm expressing a heterologous recombinant Ag induced a strong CD8 and Th1 memory response to that Ag. |
| 879 | 17339467 | Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) targets the cytoplasm of APC and is a strong CD8 and CD4 Th1-promoting vaccine vehicle in adult mice. |
| 880 | 17339467 | We found that neonatal mice immunized only once with the attenuated strain DeltaactA-Lm developed robust primary and secondary CD8 and CD4 Th1 responses and were fully protected from lethal challenge with virulent wild-type Lm without the need for a booster immunization. |
| 881 | 17339467 | Furthermore, DeltaactA-Lm expressing a heterologous recombinant Ag induced a strong CD8 and Th1 memory response to that Ag. |
| 882 | 17339467 | Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) targets the cytoplasm of APC and is a strong CD8 and CD4 Th1-promoting vaccine vehicle in adult mice. |
| 883 | 17339467 | We found that neonatal mice immunized only once with the attenuated strain DeltaactA-Lm developed robust primary and secondary CD8 and CD4 Th1 responses and were fully protected from lethal challenge with virulent wild-type Lm without the need for a booster immunization. |
| 884 | 17339467 | Furthermore, DeltaactA-Lm expressing a heterologous recombinant Ag induced a strong CD8 and Th1 memory response to that Ag. |
| 885 | 17346135 | To determine whether our vaccine strategy induced Th1 or Th2 immune responses, IFN-gamma and IL-4/IL-5 were measured. |
| 886 | 17346135 | Intracellular IFN-gamma staining confirmed the ELISPOT results and demonstrated that the combined HIV/HCV group had significantly higher percentages of HIV and HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in comparison to the groups receiving the HIV or HCV vaccines. |
| 887 | 17350307 | Generation of specific Th1 and CD8+ T-cell responses by immunization with mouse CD8+ dendritic cells loaded with HIV-1 viral lysate or envelope glycoproteins. |
| 888 | 17350307 | We developed the SRDC cell line, with a morphology, phenotype and activity similar to mouse splenic CD4(-)CD8alpha(+)CD205(+)CD11b(-) dendritic cells, which induce a polarized Th1 immune response. |
| 889 | 17350307 | However, only HIV-1 viral lysate and gp140-pulsed SRDCs elicited specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses. |
| 890 | 17350307 | Generation of specific Th1 and CD8+ T-cell responses by immunization with mouse CD8+ dendritic cells loaded with HIV-1 viral lysate or envelope glycoproteins. |
| 891 | 17350307 | We developed the SRDC cell line, with a morphology, phenotype and activity similar to mouse splenic CD4(-)CD8alpha(+)CD205(+)CD11b(-) dendritic cells, which induce a polarized Th1 immune response. |
| 892 | 17350307 | However, only HIV-1 viral lysate and gp140-pulsed SRDCs elicited specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses. |
| 893 | 17374422 | Mice immunized with the Protollin vaccine displayed polarized Th1 responses with augmented IFNgamma/IL-5 ratios in RSV-restimulated lung and spleen cell preparations compared with animals that received antigen alone. |
| 894 | 17374422 | This new model will permit us to dissect the respective roles of the TLR2 and TLR4 ligands contained in the vaccine using TLR knock-out animals established on the C57Bl/6 background. |
| 895 | 17397893 | The association between HLA homozygosity and measles-specific Th(1) (IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12p40) and Th(2) (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine responses were assessed in a group of 339 healthy schoolchildren 12-18 years of age previously immunized with two doses of live-attenuated measles virus vaccine. |
| 896 | 17447028 | The results showed that HIV-1 specific antibody in serum and increased T lymphocyte subsets (CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T) were detected in the immunization group. |
| 897 | 17447028 | CTL target-killing activity and higher secretion of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-2) of spleen lymphocytes stimulated by H-2(d)-restricted CTL peptide were observed in immunized mice. |
| 898 | 17495947 | Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an essential cytokine for the generation of Th1 response and natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activation. |
| 899 | 17495947 | As MBD2 and IL-18 appear to function on different components required by an effective antitumor immune response including both innate and adaptive immunity, we investigated whether combinatorial delivery of MBD2 and IL-18 transduced L1210 cells could elicit synergistic antileukemia effects. |
| 900 | 17495947 | First, we constructed a single plasmid vector carrying both pro-IL-18 and IL-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) genes, and found that transfection of this vector into L1210 cells resulted in efficient secretion of bioactive IL-18. |
| 901 | 17495947 | These results suggest that the combination of MBD2 and IL-18 induces more effective antileukemia activity and provides a promising strategy for cancer therapy. |
| 902 | 17498851 | The effect was determined in the form of protective anti-HBsAg titers, neutralizing antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a), spleen cell lymphocyte proliferation by using MTT assay, Th1 (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines as well as T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4/CD8) and intracellular cytokines (IFN-gamma/IL-4), these responses were highest in BOS 2000 immunized mice. |
| 903 | 17498851 | In contrast, BOS 2000 was associated with production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4. |
| 904 | 17548173 | Both fusion protein-induced Th1-like cytokine (IFN-gamma) and Th2-like cytokine (IL-4) were identified. |
| 905 | 17563737 | PBMC were collected at 6, 9 and 15 months after transplantation and stimulated with a combination of CD2 and CD28 monoclonal antibodies, with PHA or with tetanus toxoid as recall antigen. |
| 906 | 17563737 | A multiplex enzyme linked immunoassay was used to determine levels of Th1 cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, the regulatory cytokine IL-10 and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and the chemokine IL-8. |
| 907 | 17563737 | Production of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 was superior to production of Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 908 | 17563737 | PBMC were collected at 6, 9 and 15 months after transplantation and stimulated with a combination of CD2 and CD28 monoclonal antibodies, with PHA or with tetanus toxoid as recall antigen. |
| 909 | 17563737 | A multiplex enzyme linked immunoassay was used to determine levels of Th1 cytokines IL-2, IFN-gamma and tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, the regulatory cytokine IL-10 and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and the chemokine IL-8. |
| 910 | 17563737 | Production of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 was superior to production of Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 911 | 17629376 | The Th(1) (TNF-alpha, IL-12p70, IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th(2) (IL-10, IL-4 and IL-5) cytokine profiles were analyzed after stimulation of spleen cells from mice immunized with purified RF-412 protein. |
| 912 | 17655984 | Production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 with a dominance of Th1 response following immunization was required for optimum success against L. donovani infection in BALB/c mice. |
| 913 | 17655984 | The success of immunotherapy exhibited an immune modulation with surge in Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-12 with extreme down regulation of disease promoting IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 914 | 17720245 | Recent formulations have focused on subunit vaccines with specific CD4+ Th-1 immune response-activating adjuvants and on genetically engineered live attenuated vaccines. |
| 915 | 17934646 | Vaccination by the intramuscular route induced high levels of anti-Hsp65 IgG2a antibodies, but not anti-Hsp65 IgG1 antibodies and a significant production of IL-6, IFN-g and IL-10, but not IL-5, indicating a Th1 profile. |
| 916 | 17934646 | Immunization by the intradermal route triggered a mixed pattern (Th1/Th2) characterized by synthesis of anti-Hsp65 IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies and production of high levels of IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-g. |
| 917 | 17947690 | The main mechanisms underlying this recovery of CTL response induced by immune complex immunization in aged mice are enhanced dendritic cell function and elevated production of IFN-gamma in both CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) CTLs. |
| 918 | 17997199 | This Th1 shift was supported by an increased T-bet/GATA3 mRNA ratio. |
| 919 | 17997199 | IL-5 production within the airways was suppressed after the pretreatment with rCTB-Bet v 1, while local allergen-specific IgA antibodies were markedly enhanced by pretreatment with the construct. |
| 920 | 17997199 | Upregulation of Foxp3, IL-10 and TGF-beta mRNA expression was detected in splenocytes after pretreatment with unconjugated allergen but not with the fusion molecule, indicating that antigen conjugation to a mucosal carrier modifies the immunomodulating properties of an antigen/allergen. |
| 921 | 18094185 | Interestingly, neither gamma interferon- nor interleukin-4-producing CD4 T cells directed to I-E(d)-restricted epitope were detected in the lungs of rAd/3xG-immune mice upon challenge, whereas priming with vaccinia virus expressing RSV G (vvG) elicited strong Th1/Th2 mixed CD4 T-cell responses. |
| 922 | 18165707 | With regard to the cellular response, ScLL 50 and 100 microgram/animal stimulated the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction significantly (P < 0.05) higher than SLA or SLA plus ScLL 10 weeks after the challenge infection. |
| 923 | 18165707 | The detection of high levels of IgG2a and the expression of mRNA cytokines, such as IFN-gamma, IL-12, and TNF-alpha (Th1 profiles), corroborated the protective role of this lectin against cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| 924 | 18191231 | The effect was determined in the form of protective anti-JEV E titers, antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a), spleen cell lymphocyte proliferation, the levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 cytokines, and the T-lymphocyte sub-type composition. |
| 925 | 18191231 | The IgG2a titer and interferon-gamma level suggested that the E-BD protein potentiates the Th1 immune response. |
| 926 | 18196952 | The last observation likely reflects in part the less efficient capacity of neonatal dendritic cells to establish a milieu that favors a Th1 CD4 T cell response, but this limitation can be overcome given appropriate stimuli, as occurs in neonates immunized with bacillus Calmette-Guérin. |
| 927 | 18240963 | The individual vaccines induced CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells specific for the vaccine-expressed antigens in BALB/c mice. |
| 928 | 18240963 | Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha levels from HIV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells increased 20- and 8-fold, respectively, with a SAAVI MVA-C boost. |
| 929 | 18317362 | Given the perceived need to augment antitumor type-1 immunity (TC1 and Th1) as a therapeutic end point, and the known functional plasticity of DC populations that may display heterogeneous capacity to promote T-cell responses, we sought to identify a preferred DC preparation with this capacity. |
| 930 | 18317362 | We compared 2 different preparations of monocyte-derived DC using interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) (IFN-DC and alphaDC1) with classic DCs "matured" (mDCs) using interleukin-1beta/interleukin-6/tumor necrosis factor-alpha/prostaglandin E2, for their ability to promote autologous TC1 antitumor responses from RCC patients in vitro. |
| 931 | 18317362 | IFN-alpha-conditioned DC promoted significantly higher numbers of RCC-specific CD8+ T cells exhibiting a cytotoxic phenotype after in vitro stimulation (IVS) than cytokine cocktail-mDCs. |
| 932 | 18369621 | IFN-gamma secretion by activated splenic T cells was more discriminative as the CD4+ T cell-mediated production was weak in uncured rats whereas high in cured ones. |
| 933 | 18369621 | Rather the persistence of higher CD4+ Th1 responses, a high intratumoral recruitment of functional CD8+ T cells, and a low proportion of regulatory T cells correlate with tumor rejection. |
| 934 | 18413771 | In vitro, aAPC specifically primed Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells that were activated to express high levels of CD44, produced mainly interleukin 2, and could differentiate into Th1-like or Th2-like cells in combination with polarizing cytokines. |
| 935 | 18435687 | Although both Th1 (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-12) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines were secreted by the PBMCs of the P. vivax-exposed individuals in response to PvTRAg, the overall response was more inclined towards Th2. |
| 936 | 18442785 | Also, exposure of DCs to EP54 (50 microg/ml) induced the activation of genes specific for the Th1 cytokines IL-6, IL-12, INFgamma, and TNFalpha as well as the Th2 cytokine IL-4. |
| 937 | 18456374 | DNA fusion vaccines incorporating IL-23 or RANTES for use in immunization against influenza. |
| 938 | 18456374 | The incorporation of RANTES or IL-23 into DNA vaccines may improve their immunogenicity by the recruitment and activation of dendritic cells. |
| 939 | 18456374 | We have immunized mice with various DNA constructs encoding APR/8/34 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), either fused to or separate from, IL-23 or RANTES using a gene gun. |
| 940 | 18456374 | Mice immunized with the RANTES/HA fusion construct produced a mixed TH1/TH2 response whereas in HA-vaccinated mice, a TH2 response predominated. |
| 941 | 18456374 | Immunization with a plasmid in which HA and RANTES were under the control of separate promoters, failed to generate a mixed TH1/TH2 response suggesting that enhanced antigen uptake via RANTES receptors may contribute to the mixed immune response generated to the fusion construct. |
| 942 | 18456374 | DNA fusion vaccines incorporating IL-23 or RANTES for use in immunization against influenza. |
| 943 | 18456374 | The incorporation of RANTES or IL-23 into DNA vaccines may improve their immunogenicity by the recruitment and activation of dendritic cells. |
| 944 | 18456374 | We have immunized mice with various DNA constructs encoding APR/8/34 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), either fused to or separate from, IL-23 or RANTES using a gene gun. |
| 945 | 18456374 | Mice immunized with the RANTES/HA fusion construct produced a mixed TH1/TH2 response whereas in HA-vaccinated mice, a TH2 response predominated. |
| 946 | 18456374 | Immunization with a plasmid in which HA and RANTES were under the control of separate promoters, failed to generate a mixed TH1/TH2 response suggesting that enhanced antigen uptake via RANTES receptors may contribute to the mixed immune response generated to the fusion construct. |
| 947 | 18468738 | Moreover, mice receiving RT-ODCsig gene mounted a mixed Th1/Th2 response characterized by the in vitro secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10 upon stimulation of splenocytes with RT protein or RT derived peptides. |
| 948 | 18524882 | The measurement of peripheral blood cytokine (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], interleukin-10 [IL-10], and IL-6) gene expression showed that P13 conjugate-vaccinated BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice mounted a strong Th2 (IL-10)-like response relative to the Th1 (IFN-gamma)-like response, with the degree depending on the mouse strain and carrier protein. |
| 949 | 18563891 | A number of cyclic analogues were tested for their ability to inhibit (antagonize) Th1 (IFN-gamma) responses, and cyclo(83-99)[A (91)]MBP 83-99 mutant peptide was found to be the most efficient inhibitor. |
| 950 | 18563891 | We demonstrated that cyclo(83-99)[A (91)]MBP 83-99 peptide emulsified in CFA enhanced Th2 (IL-4) and antibody responses in vivo. |
| 951 | 18563891 | Moreover, immunization of mice with antagonist cyclo(83-99)[A (91)]MBP 83-99 peptide conjugated to reduced mannan enhanced IL-4 responses compared to cyclo(83-99)MBP 83-99 peptide. |
| 952 | 18565118 | We found that after the first recall stimulation with MAP4, the major cell population was predominantly CD4(+) T-cell subsets (68.5%), CD8(+high) (16%) and CD19(+) (10%). |
| 953 | 18565118 | Additionally, MAP4 PIV cells significantly expressed CD4(+)-HLA-DR(+), -CD54(+), -CD45RO(+) (P < 0.0001) and -CD25(+) (P < 0.0004) together with significant expression of CD80(+) on CD19(+) B cells (P < 0.007). |
| 954 | 18565118 | Cytokine production from activated MAP4 PIV cells was predominantly Th1-like, consisting mainly of IFN-gamma. |
| 955 | 18566640 | Immunostaining and confocal microscopy revealed hepatic accumulation of IFNgamma+ Th1 and IL-4+ Th2 cells in animals from groups II and IV, respectively. |
| 956 | 18573897 | In addition, testing of TB patients' PBMC for secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-8, and IL-1beta), Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-beta), and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) showed differential effects of RD peptides in the secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-10, with high IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratios (32 to 5.0) in response to RD1, RD5, RD7, RD9, and RD10 and low IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratios (<1.0) in response to RD12, RD13, and RD15. |
| 957 | 18573897 | In conclusion, our results suggest that M. tuberculosis RDs can be divided into two major groups--one group that activates PBMC to preferentially secrete IFN-gamma and another group that activates preferential secretion of IL-10--and that these two groups of RDs may have roles in protection against and pathogenesis of TB, respectively. |
| 958 | 18585419 | The aim of this research was to identify subunit immunogens that can generate enhanced CD8 T cell and TH1 responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| 959 | 18585419 | To further enhance the CD8 T cell and TH1 responses, a hybrid protein, H32, was constructed by combining the nucleotide sequences encoding the MHC class I antigen-rich segment of Rv1986c and the entire Rv3875 sequence. |
| 960 | 18585419 | The aim of this research was to identify subunit immunogens that can generate enhanced CD8 T cell and TH1 responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| 961 | 18585419 | To further enhance the CD8 T cell and TH1 responses, a hybrid protein, H32, was constructed by combining the nucleotide sequences encoding the MHC class I antigen-rich segment of Rv1986c and the entire Rv3875 sequence. |
| 962 | 18714014 | Immunization with two or more TLR agonists, anti-CD40, IFN-gamma, and surfactant were sufficient to drive unprecedented levels of CD8 response to peptide or protein Ag and highly polarized Th1 CD4 responses. |
| 963 | 18714014 | CD40 signaling was required for CD8 expansion but could be provided by a concomitant CD4 Th response in place of anti-CD40. |
| 964 | 18751727 | Effect of dose and route of inoculation on the generation of CD4+ Th1/Th2 type of immune response in murine visceral leishmaniasis. |
| 965 | 18751727 | A potential vaccine candidate for visceral leishmaniasis should favour the development of CD4+ Th1 type of immune response which is further dependent on the dose of antigen and the route of inoculation. |
| 966 | 18751727 | The present study was carried out to check the effective dose (low, medium and high) and route (subcutaneous, intradermal, intraperitoneal and intracardiac) of inoculation for the development of a CD4+ Th1 type of immune response in BALB/c mice. |
| 967 | 18751727 | Low-dose inoculation with subcutaneous route elicited maximum IFN-gamma levels, which points towards the generation of Th1 response. |
| 968 | 18751727 | Maximum IL-4 and IL-10 levels were detected in high-dose inoculation through intracardiac route suggesting the development of Th2 response. |
| 969 | 18751727 | Effect of dose and route of inoculation on the generation of CD4+ Th1/Th2 type of immune response in murine visceral leishmaniasis. |
| 970 | 18751727 | A potential vaccine candidate for visceral leishmaniasis should favour the development of CD4+ Th1 type of immune response which is further dependent on the dose of antigen and the route of inoculation. |
| 971 | 18751727 | The present study was carried out to check the effective dose (low, medium and high) and route (subcutaneous, intradermal, intraperitoneal and intracardiac) of inoculation for the development of a CD4+ Th1 type of immune response in BALB/c mice. |
| 972 | 18751727 | Low-dose inoculation with subcutaneous route elicited maximum IFN-gamma levels, which points towards the generation of Th1 response. |
| 973 | 18751727 | Maximum IL-4 and IL-10 levels were detected in high-dose inoculation through intracardiac route suggesting the development of Th2 response. |
| 974 | 18751727 | Effect of dose and route of inoculation on the generation of CD4+ Th1/Th2 type of immune response in murine visceral leishmaniasis. |
| 975 | 18751727 | A potential vaccine candidate for visceral leishmaniasis should favour the development of CD4+ Th1 type of immune response which is further dependent on the dose of antigen and the route of inoculation. |
| 976 | 18751727 | The present study was carried out to check the effective dose (low, medium and high) and route (subcutaneous, intradermal, intraperitoneal and intracardiac) of inoculation for the development of a CD4+ Th1 type of immune response in BALB/c mice. |
| 977 | 18751727 | Low-dose inoculation with subcutaneous route elicited maximum IFN-gamma levels, which points towards the generation of Th1 response. |
| 978 | 18751727 | Maximum IL-4 and IL-10 levels were detected in high-dose inoculation through intracardiac route suggesting the development of Th2 response. |
| 979 | 18751727 | Effect of dose and route of inoculation on the generation of CD4+ Th1/Th2 type of immune response in murine visceral leishmaniasis. |
| 980 | 18751727 | A potential vaccine candidate for visceral leishmaniasis should favour the development of CD4+ Th1 type of immune response which is further dependent on the dose of antigen and the route of inoculation. |
| 981 | 18751727 | The present study was carried out to check the effective dose (low, medium and high) and route (subcutaneous, intradermal, intraperitoneal and intracardiac) of inoculation for the development of a CD4+ Th1 type of immune response in BALB/c mice. |
| 982 | 18751727 | Low-dose inoculation with subcutaneous route elicited maximum IFN-gamma levels, which points towards the generation of Th1 response. |
| 983 | 18751727 | Maximum IL-4 and IL-10 levels were detected in high-dose inoculation through intracardiac route suggesting the development of Th2 response. |
| 984 | 18827195 | Throughout the infection (until 120 days), we monitored outcome (CFU), molecules involved in the development of immunoregulation (Foxp3, hemoxygenase 1, idoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-beta]), and indicators of cytokine balance (tumor necrosis factor, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-4 [IL-4], and IL-4delta2; an inhibitory splice variant of IL-4 associated with improved outcome in human TB). |
| 985 | 18827195 | Oral M. vaccae had a significant effect on CFU and led to increased expression of Th1 markers and of IL-4delta2, while suppressing IL-4, Foxp3, and TGF-beta. |
| 986 | 18941225 | Furthermore, LC16mOrVV-N-immunized mice upon infection exhibited significant up-regulation of both Th1 (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5) cytokines and down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-beta), resulting in robust infiltration of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes into the lung, as well as thickening of the alveolar epithelium. |
| 987 | 18945465 | We demonstrated that VLP expressed by recombinant baculoviruses activate human PBMC to release pro-inflammatory (lL-6, TNF-alpha), anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and Th1-polarizing (IFN-gamma) cytokines as well as GM-CSF and MIP-1alpha in a dose-and time-dependent manner. |
| 988 | 18945465 | Furthermore, VLP-induced monocyte activation was shown by upregulation of molecules involved in antigen presentation (MHC II, CD80, CD86) and cell adhesion (CD54). |
| 989 | 19002608 | IL-10 is able to decrease the needed Th1-generated IFN-gamma and downregulates production of nitric oxide, a required effector mechanism of parasite killing. |
| 990 | 19002608 | We have been studying the pathways that the host uses to partially control L. mexicana infection, which include STAT4, IFN-gamma, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, but found that the IL-12 pathway is suppressed by IL-10. |
| 991 | 19022317 | Our results indicate that both liposomes and microspheres prove to be better adjuvants compared to conventional alum as revealed by enhanced antibody titers, lymphocyte proliferation and significant enhancement in both Th1(IL-12, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines. |
| 992 | 19034349 | TLR9 activation induces a Th1-like pattern of cytokine release which led to interest in the use of synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) for the prevention and treatment of Th2-associated atopic disorders such as asthma. |
| 993 | 19034349 | Additional potential mechanisms of action include induction of regulatory-type responses (involving interleukin-10 release), and expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. |
| 994 | 19047411 | In addition, injection of a simple linear peptide followed by topical imiquimod elicited strong Th1 CD4(+) T-cell responses, as well as high antibody titers. |
| 995 | 19095031 | Construction and characterization of a novel DNA vaccine that is potent antigen-specific tolerizing therapy for experimental arthritis by increasing CD4+CD25+Treg cells and inducing Th1 to Th2 shift in both cells and cytokines. |
| 996 | 19095031 | The resulting recombinant plasmid pcDNA-CCOL2A1 was produced in Escherichia coli, purified, characterized and used as a tolerizing DNA vaccine for the treatment of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). |
| 997 | 19095031 | Furthermore, the action mechanism behind this efficacy can be at least partially attributed to increased CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells, which specifically down-modulate the T lymphocyte proliferative response to CCII, induce a shift of Th1 to Th2 cells, as well as down-regulate Th1-cytokine TNF-alpha, while up-regulating both Th2-cytokine IL-10 and Th3-cytokine TGF-beta. |
| 998 | 19188599 | Antigen-specific responses from protected monkeys receiving BCG and Mtb72F/AS02A had a distinctive cytokine profile characterized by an increased ratio between 3 Th1 cytokines, IFN-gamma, TNF, and IL-2 and an innate cytokine, IL-6. |
| 999 | 19224636 | TB cases had significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma(+)TNF-alpha(+)IL-2(+)CD4(+)T cells compared with contacts. |
| 1000 | 19224636 | TB cases also had a significantly higher proportion of cells single-positive for TNF-alpha, but lower proportion of cells producing IL-2 alone and these differences were seen for both CD4(+)and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 1001 | 19224636 | Cytokine profiles from culture supernatants were significantly biased toward a Th1 phenotype (IFN-gamma and IL-12(p40)) together with a complete abrogation of IL-17 secretion in TB cases. |
| 1002 | 19233131 | Intranasal (i.n.) immunization with FGAd-F generated serum IgG, bronchoalveolar lavage secretory IgA, and RSV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in BALB/c mice, with characteristic balanced or mixed Th1/Th2 CD4+ T-cell responses. |
| 1003 | 19278866 | Effect of immunological adjuvants: GM-CSF (granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor) and IL-23 (interleukin-23) on immune responses generated against hepatitis C virus core DNA vaccine. |
| 1004 | 19278866 | To obtain a stronger cellular response, IL-23, a Th1 cytokine belonging to the IL-12 family, was also included in the regimen. |
| 1005 | 19278866 | We also examined the timing of plasmid IL-23 administration on the phenotype of the resultant T cell responses in a 3 day interval, before and after plasmid GM-CSF administration. |
| 1006 | 19303121 | Using real-time PCR quantification assay, expression of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p40, IFNgamma); Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) and inflammatory (IL-6, TNFalpha) cytokines were quantified weekly for the entire three-week duration of the experiment. |
| 1007 | 19303121 | It was noted that IFNgamma, IL-10 and TNFalpha had peaked on week three post-vaccination while the remaining cytokines peaked on the second week and decreased by the third week. |
| 1008 | 19303121 | The counteraction between IFNgamma and IL-4 was noted as well as the possible suppressive action of IL-10 to that of IL-2 and IL-12, which is a common phenomenon between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. |
| 1009 | 19303121 | Synergy between TNFa and IL-6 was also observed. |
| 1010 | 19406180 | However, intradermally inoculated hamsters presented a robust Th1-like immune response, characterized by high levels of INF-gamma and TNF-alpha cytokines, detected in the liver of animals challenged with virulent trophozoites. |
| 1011 | 19428844 | The enhanced IgG titer and subclass levels paralleled the increased production of IFN-gamma (Th1 cytokine) and IL-5 (Th2 cytokine). |
| 1012 | 19540885 | The Th1 (TNF-alpha, IL-12p70, IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-10, IL-6) cytokine profiles were analyzed after stimulation of spleen cells from mice immunized with purified RF-412 protein. |
| 1013 | 19564349 | Dendritic cells require a systemic type I interferon response to mature and induce CD4+ Th1 immunity with poly IC as adjuvant. |
| 1014 | 19564349 | Relative to several other toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, we found polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly IC) to be the most effective adjuvant for Th1 CD4(+) T cell responses to a dendritic cell (DC)-targeted HIV gag protein vaccine in mice. |
| 1015 | 19564349 | To identify mechanisms for adjuvant action in the intact animal and the polyclonal T cell repertoire, we found poly IC to be the most effective inducer of type I interferon (IFN), which was produced by DEC-205(+) DCs, monocytes, and stromal cells. |
| 1016 | 19564349 | Antibody blocking or deletion of type I IFN receptor showed that IFN was essential for DC maturation and development of CD4(+) immunity. |
| 1017 | 19564349 | STAT 1 was also essential, in keeping with the type I IFN requirement, but not type II IFN or IL-12 p40. |
| 1018 | 19564349 | Induction of type I IFN was mda5 dependent, but DCs additionally used TLR3. |
| 1019 | 19564349 | In bone marrow chimeras, radioresistant and, likely, nonhematopoietic cells were the main source of IFN, but mda5 was required in both marrow-derived and radioresistant host cells for adaptive responses. |
| 1020 | 19564349 | Dendritic cells require a systemic type I interferon response to mature and induce CD4+ Th1 immunity with poly IC as adjuvant. |
| 1021 | 19564349 | Relative to several other toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, we found polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly IC) to be the most effective adjuvant for Th1 CD4(+) T cell responses to a dendritic cell (DC)-targeted HIV gag protein vaccine in mice. |
| 1022 | 19564349 | To identify mechanisms for adjuvant action in the intact animal and the polyclonal T cell repertoire, we found poly IC to be the most effective inducer of type I interferon (IFN), which was produced by DEC-205(+) DCs, monocytes, and stromal cells. |
| 1023 | 19564349 | Antibody blocking or deletion of type I IFN receptor showed that IFN was essential for DC maturation and development of CD4(+) immunity. |
| 1024 | 19564349 | STAT 1 was also essential, in keeping with the type I IFN requirement, but not type II IFN or IL-12 p40. |
| 1025 | 19564349 | Induction of type I IFN was mda5 dependent, but DCs additionally used TLR3. |
| 1026 | 19564349 | In bone marrow chimeras, radioresistant and, likely, nonhematopoietic cells were the main source of IFN, but mda5 was required in both marrow-derived and radioresistant host cells for adaptive responses. |
| 1027 | 19578774 | Furthermore, a cytometric beads array assay used to measure cytokine secretion showed that DC/TC fusion + Treg depletion stimulated the highest levels of IFN-gamma Th1/Th2 ratios and Th17. |
| 1028 | 19615961 | Compared to plasmid encoding HSP65, pECANS DNA immunization elicited remarkably higher levels of IFN-gamma production by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, which were coupled with higher frequencies of antigen-specific T cells and higher CTL activity. |
| 1029 | 19615961 | Significantly enhanced levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12) and increased serum IgG2a/IgG1 ratio were also noted, indicating a predominant Th1 immune response achieved by pECANS DNA immunization. |
| 1030 | 19620310 | Importantly, a simple synthetic analog of MMG, based on a 32 carbon mycolic acid, was found to give rise to comparable high Th1-biased responses with a major representation of polyfunctional CD4 T cells coexpressing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. |
| 1031 | 19625642 | The results show that the different fungal components are endowed with the distinct capacity to activate Th cell responses in mice and humans, with secreted proteins inducing Th2 cell activation, membrane proteins Th1/Treg, glycolipids Th17, and polysaccharides mostly IL-10 production. |
| 1032 | 19628058 | WSL enhanced Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma expression in Con A primed splenocytes in vitro. |
| 1033 | 19628058 | When given orally for 2 weeks to BALB/c mice immunized with emulsion of OVA in Freund's adjuvant (OVA-FCA), it caused dose-dependent proliferation of T cells and improved their ability to secrete IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but moderately down-regulated Th2 cytokine IL-4. |
| 1034 | 19628058 | Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte surface markers of T cells CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+), and B cells CD19(+) indicated prominent enhancement in proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes. |
| 1035 | 19628058 | Further, the effect of WSL in immunized mice elicited up-regulation of beta-integrins LFA (CD11a) and Mac-1 (CD11b) in splenocytes. |
| 1036 | 19628058 | Co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 that are important secondary signals for the activation of immune system elicited remarkable enhanced expression when observed in spleen-derived macrophages isolated from WSL treated mice. |
| 1037 | 19654068 | However, a mixed Th1/Th2 cell response was evidenced in BLG-reactivated splenocytes from mice intranasally pretreated, with enhanced secretions of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) whereas only production of Th1 cytokines, but not Th2 cytokines, was enhanced in BLG-reactivated splenocytes from mice orally pretreated. |
| 1038 | 19729088 | Our results demonstrate that leptosome are better adjuvant than PC-liposomes as revealed by enhanced long term antibody response, lymphocyte proliferation and significant enhancement of both Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines. |
| 1039 | 19753486 | We and others have tested the hypothesis that non-antibody-mediated cellular immune responses (CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Tc1 cells) to specific parasite antigens/genes expressed by T. cruzi could indeed be used for the purpose of vaccination. |
| 1040 | 19781678 | Intramuscular Matrix-M-adjuvanted virosomal H5N1 vaccine induces high frequencies of multifunctional Th1 CD4+ cells and strong antibody responses in mice. |
| 1041 | 19781678 | Additionally, the vaccine induced a balanced Th1/Th2 cytokine profile and most importantly high frequencies of multifunctional Th1 CD4(+) cells. |
| 1042 | 19781678 | Intramuscular Matrix-M-adjuvanted virosomal H5N1 vaccine induces high frequencies of multifunctional Th1 CD4+ cells and strong antibody responses in mice. |
| 1043 | 19781678 | Additionally, the vaccine induced a balanced Th1/Th2 cytokine profile and most importantly high frequencies of multifunctional Th1 CD4(+) cells. |
| 1044 | 19800561 | In clinical trials, Th1 and CD8 responses were induced with an IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha ratio favouring IFN-gamma in both cases, regardless of whether the vaccine recipients were flavivirus naive or not. |
| 1045 | 19808957 | Tumor antigen-specific FOXP3+ CD4 T cells identified in human metastatic melanoma: peptide vaccination results in selective expansion of Th1-like counterparts. |
| 1046 | 19808957 | We have previously shown that vaccination of HLA-A2 metastatic melanoma patients with the analogue Melan-A(26-35(A27L)) peptide emulsified in a mineral oil induces ex vivo detectable specific CD8 T cells. |
| 1047 | 19808957 | We report that the majority of melanoma patients carry high frequencies of naturally circulating HLA-DQ6-restricted Melan-A-specific CD4 T cells, a high proportion of which express FOXP3 and proliferate poorly in response to the cognate peptide. |
| 1048 | 19808957 | In contrast, we found a marked shift to FOXP3-negative CD4 T cells, accompanied by robust CD4 T-cell proliferation upon in vitro stimulation with cognate peptide. |
| 1049 | 19836478 | EP67 induced the release of the inflammatory (Th1) type cytokines from C5a receptor (CD88)-bearing antigen presenting cells (APC). |
| 1050 | 19863514 | Intradermal injections of polyarginine-containing immunogenic antigens preferentially elicit Tc1 and Th1 activation and antitumour immunity. |
| 1051 | 19863514 | Background We previously have shown that nona-arginine protein transduction domain (R9-PTD) induced efficient protein-antigen (Ag) transduction of dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro, resulting in the efficient induction of strong Ag-specific immune responses mediated by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and in superior antitumour effects in vivo in cancer-bearing mice. |
| 1052 | 19863514 | The i.d. injections of rR9-OVA also induced inflammatory cell infiltrates containing neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, as well as production of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin-2 and IFN-inducible protein 10, with presenting SIINFEKL epitopes on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules at the injection area. i.t. injections of rR9-OVA into EG.7 tumour mass significantly suppressed tumour growth, and these effects were completely abrogated by the depletion of CD8+ T cells. |
| 1053 | 19956549 | Mice vaccinated with these plasmids generated strong Th1 immune response as seen by dominating IFN-gamma over IL-10 cytokine. |
| 1054 | 20004265 | Intravaginal immunization induced both chlamydial specific serum antibody and systemic CD4(+) Th1 biased immune responses but failed to induce local IgA antibodies. |
| 1055 | 20004265 | Thus, intravaginal vaccination with the live-attenuated L2R stain is safe, induces a systemic antibody and CD4(+) Th1 biased immune response, but its protective efficacy is limited to reducing chlamydial burden at early time periods post-infection. |
| 1056 | 20004265 | Intravaginal immunization induced both chlamydial specific serum antibody and systemic CD4(+) Th1 biased immune responses but failed to induce local IgA antibodies. |
| 1057 | 20004265 | Thus, intravaginal vaccination with the live-attenuated L2R stain is safe, induces a systemic antibody and CD4(+) Th1 biased immune response, but its protective efficacy is limited to reducing chlamydial burden at early time periods post-infection. |
| 1058 | 20093205 | A significant decrease in parasite burden was seen in vaccinees over the infected controls on all post challenge days and was found that maximum protection was provided by 78kDa+rIL-12 vaccine and it was highly immunogenic as depicted by the reduction in parasite load (71-94.8%), reduction in infection rate of peritoneal macrophages (92.9-98%), enhanced DTH response (6.5-10.5 fold), increase in IgG2a anti-leishmanial antibody production (3-3.7 fold) and up-regulation of IFN-gamma (3.7-6.5 fold) and IL-2 levels (7.7-12.3 fold), which demonstrate the generation of protective Th1 type of immune response. |
| 1059 | 20105428 | Cytokine profiling also showed a significant increase in the Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-5, 6, 10) responses in splenocytes of immunized mice upon stimulation with Ts87 antigen. |
| 1060 | 20132920 | The antigen-specific T cell immune response elicited both Th1 and Th2 cytokines including high titers of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4, and drove a Th1 isotype-switched antibody response. |
| 1061 | 20232336 | The mRNA expressions of Th1/Th2 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-10) and transcription factors (T-bet and GATA-3) in splenocytes were also markedly up-regulated by 1, compared with the control group immunized with rL-H5 alone (P<0.01 or P<0.001). |
| 1062 | 20434553 | Splenocytes were separated for detection of lymphocyte proliferation in responses to concanavalin A (Con A), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and OVA, and mRNA expression of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12), Th2 cytokines (IL-10 and IL-5) and transcription factors T-bet/GATA-3 (Th1/Th2 switcher). |
| 1063 | 20434553 | In addition, up-regulated T-bet/GATA-3 together with significantly increased mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma and IL-12 by splenocytes, as well as the proliferative responses of splenocytes to Con A, LPS and OVA were observed in paclitaxel-adjuvanted groups. |
| 1064 | 20434553 | Incubation of a murine macrophage-like cell line with paclitaxel significantly increased TNF-alpha and -10 released from the cells and expression of microRNAs such as miR-155, miR-147, miR-146a and miR-132. |
| 1065 | 20434781 | Further studies demonstrated that CS-A up-regulated STAT4 expression and thus, induced IFN-gamma production and Th1 CD4 T cell differentiation. |
| 1066 | 20434781 | CS-A also up-regulated STAT3 and IL-23 expression and thus increased IL-17 producing T cells. |
| 1067 | 20447476 | The prime-boost regimen induced not only HBHA-specific IFN-gamma, but also other cytokines, such as IL-12 and TGF-beta, which may be associated with the generation of lung Th1 effector-memory lymphocytes, responsible for the enhanced protection against M. tuberculosis challenge. |
| 1068 | 20466823 | Optimal TLR9 signal converts tolerogenic CD4-8- DCs into immunogenic ones capable of stimulating antitumor immunity via activating CD4+ Th1/Th17 and NK cell responses. |
| 1069 | 20466823 | We have demonstrated previously that CD4-8- DCs secreting TGF-beta stimulate CD4+ Tr1 cell responses. |
| 1070 | 20466823 | Here, we have assessed whether TLR4 and TLR9 signaling through LPS and CpG stimulation can convert CD4-8- DC-induced tolerance. |
| 1071 | 20466823 | CpG-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-secreting IL-6/IL-15 induced IFN-gamma/IL-17-secreting/T-bet- and ROR-gammat-expressing CD4+ Th1/Th17, whereas LPS-treated CD4-8- DCOVA stimulated IFN-gamma-secreting/T-bet-expressing CD4+ Th1 responses. |
| 1072 | 20466823 | CpG-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-stimulated CD4+ Th1/Th17 cell responses and antitumor immunity were found to be reduced by using neutralizing anti-IL-6, IL-15, and NK1.1 antibodies in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, IL-15R-/- mice for immunization, or CD4-8- (IL-6-/-) DCOVA for immunization in C57BL/6 mice. |
| 1073 | 20466823 | Interestingly, in vitro-generated CD4+ Th17 cells significantly enhanced LPS-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-induced in vivo antitumor immunity via increasing CD8+ CTL responses (P<0.05), although they did not show any direct killing activity against tumor cells in vitro. |
| 1074 | 20466823 | Taken together, our data demonstrate an effect of conversion of tolerogenic DCs into immunogenic ones capable of stimulating antitumor immunity via activating CD4+ Th1/Th17 and NK cell responses by optimal CpG signaling, which may advance current understanding of the importance of TLR9 signaling in a DC-based cancer vaccine. |
| 1075 | 20466823 | Optimal TLR9 signal converts tolerogenic CD4-8- DCs into immunogenic ones capable of stimulating antitumor immunity via activating CD4+ Th1/Th17 and NK cell responses. |
| 1076 | 20466823 | We have demonstrated previously that CD4-8- DCs secreting TGF-beta stimulate CD4+ Tr1 cell responses. |
| 1077 | 20466823 | Here, we have assessed whether TLR4 and TLR9 signaling through LPS and CpG stimulation can convert CD4-8- DC-induced tolerance. |
| 1078 | 20466823 | CpG-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-secreting IL-6/IL-15 induced IFN-gamma/IL-17-secreting/T-bet- and ROR-gammat-expressing CD4+ Th1/Th17, whereas LPS-treated CD4-8- DCOVA stimulated IFN-gamma-secreting/T-bet-expressing CD4+ Th1 responses. |
| 1079 | 20466823 | CpG-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-stimulated CD4+ Th1/Th17 cell responses and antitumor immunity were found to be reduced by using neutralizing anti-IL-6, IL-15, and NK1.1 antibodies in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, IL-15R-/- mice for immunization, or CD4-8- (IL-6-/-) DCOVA for immunization in C57BL/6 mice. |
| 1080 | 20466823 | Interestingly, in vitro-generated CD4+ Th17 cells significantly enhanced LPS-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-induced in vivo antitumor immunity via increasing CD8+ CTL responses (P<0.05), although they did not show any direct killing activity against tumor cells in vitro. |
| 1081 | 20466823 | Taken together, our data demonstrate an effect of conversion of tolerogenic DCs into immunogenic ones capable of stimulating antitumor immunity via activating CD4+ Th1/Th17 and NK cell responses by optimal CpG signaling, which may advance current understanding of the importance of TLR9 signaling in a DC-based cancer vaccine. |
| 1082 | 20466823 | Optimal TLR9 signal converts tolerogenic CD4-8- DCs into immunogenic ones capable of stimulating antitumor immunity via activating CD4+ Th1/Th17 and NK cell responses. |
| 1083 | 20466823 | We have demonstrated previously that CD4-8- DCs secreting TGF-beta stimulate CD4+ Tr1 cell responses. |
| 1084 | 20466823 | Here, we have assessed whether TLR4 and TLR9 signaling through LPS and CpG stimulation can convert CD4-8- DC-induced tolerance. |
| 1085 | 20466823 | CpG-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-secreting IL-6/IL-15 induced IFN-gamma/IL-17-secreting/T-bet- and ROR-gammat-expressing CD4+ Th1/Th17, whereas LPS-treated CD4-8- DCOVA stimulated IFN-gamma-secreting/T-bet-expressing CD4+ Th1 responses. |
| 1086 | 20466823 | CpG-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-stimulated CD4+ Th1/Th17 cell responses and antitumor immunity were found to be reduced by using neutralizing anti-IL-6, IL-15, and NK1.1 antibodies in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, IL-15R-/- mice for immunization, or CD4-8- (IL-6-/-) DCOVA for immunization in C57BL/6 mice. |
| 1087 | 20466823 | Interestingly, in vitro-generated CD4+ Th17 cells significantly enhanced LPS-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-induced in vivo antitumor immunity via increasing CD8+ CTL responses (P<0.05), although they did not show any direct killing activity against tumor cells in vitro. |
| 1088 | 20466823 | Taken together, our data demonstrate an effect of conversion of tolerogenic DCs into immunogenic ones capable of stimulating antitumor immunity via activating CD4+ Th1/Th17 and NK cell responses by optimal CpG signaling, which may advance current understanding of the importance of TLR9 signaling in a DC-based cancer vaccine. |
| 1089 | 20466823 | Optimal TLR9 signal converts tolerogenic CD4-8- DCs into immunogenic ones capable of stimulating antitumor immunity via activating CD4+ Th1/Th17 and NK cell responses. |
| 1090 | 20466823 | We have demonstrated previously that CD4-8- DCs secreting TGF-beta stimulate CD4+ Tr1 cell responses. |
| 1091 | 20466823 | Here, we have assessed whether TLR4 and TLR9 signaling through LPS and CpG stimulation can convert CD4-8- DC-induced tolerance. |
| 1092 | 20466823 | CpG-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-secreting IL-6/IL-15 induced IFN-gamma/IL-17-secreting/T-bet- and ROR-gammat-expressing CD4+ Th1/Th17, whereas LPS-treated CD4-8- DCOVA stimulated IFN-gamma-secreting/T-bet-expressing CD4+ Th1 responses. |
| 1093 | 20466823 | CpG-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-stimulated CD4+ Th1/Th17 cell responses and antitumor immunity were found to be reduced by using neutralizing anti-IL-6, IL-15, and NK1.1 antibodies in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, IL-15R-/- mice for immunization, or CD4-8- (IL-6-/-) DCOVA for immunization in C57BL/6 mice. |
| 1094 | 20466823 | Interestingly, in vitro-generated CD4+ Th17 cells significantly enhanced LPS-treated, CD4-8- DCOVA-induced in vivo antitumor immunity via increasing CD8+ CTL responses (P<0.05), although they did not show any direct killing activity against tumor cells in vitro. |
| 1095 | 20466823 | Taken together, our data demonstrate an effect of conversion of tolerogenic DCs into immunogenic ones capable of stimulating antitumor immunity via activating CD4+ Th1/Th17 and NK cell responses by optimal CpG signaling, which may advance current understanding of the importance of TLR9 signaling in a DC-based cancer vaccine. |
| 1096 | 20473881 | In this study, we explored whether functional linkage of a Th1-polarizing chemokine, IP-10, to a model tumor antigen, human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7, enhanced DNA vaccine potency. |
| 1097 | 20473881 | More importantly, we found that C57BL/6 mice intradermally vaccinated with IP-10/E7 DNA exhibited a dramatic increase in the number of E7-specific CD4(+) Th1 T-cells and CD8(+) T-cells and, consequently, were strongly resistant over the long term to E7-expressing tumors compared to mice vaccinated with wild-type E7 DNA. |
| 1098 | 20473881 | In this study, we explored whether functional linkage of a Th1-polarizing chemokine, IP-10, to a model tumor antigen, human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7, enhanced DNA vaccine potency. |
| 1099 | 20473881 | More importantly, we found that C57BL/6 mice intradermally vaccinated with IP-10/E7 DNA exhibited a dramatic increase in the number of E7-specific CD4(+) Th1 T-cells and CD8(+) T-cells and, consequently, were strongly resistant over the long term to E7-expressing tumors compared to mice vaccinated with wild-type E7 DNA. |
| 1100 | 20488263 | This FMIA simultaneously detects innate (IL-1 beta, IL-8, IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, IL-12), regulatory (IL-10), Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines. |
| 1101 | 20524234 | Data from recent vaccine studies in the murine model and from human immunoepidemiologic studies support a role for chlamydia-specific CD4 Th1-interferon-g-producing cells in protection from infection and disease. |
| 1102 | 20585989 | Triterpene esters from Uncaria rhynchophylla drive potent IL-12-dependent Th1 polarization. |
| 1103 | 20733200 | An attractive treatment of cancer consists in inducing tumor-eradicating CD8(+) CTL specific for tumor-associated Ags, such as NY-ESO-1 (ESO), a strongly immunogenic cancer germ line gene-encoded tumor-associated Ag, widely expressed on diverse tumors. |
| 1104 | 20733200 | This prime boost regimen was superior to other vaccine regimes and required strong Th1 cell responses, copresentation of MHC class I and MHC class II peptides by the same DC, and resulted in upregulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1, and thus egress of freshly primed CD8(+) T cells from the draining lymph nodes into circulation. |
| 1105 | 20733200 | This well-defined system allowed detailed mechanistic analysis, which revealed that 1) the Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 played key roles in CTL priming, namely by upregulating on naive CD8(+) T cells the chemokine receptor CCR5; 2) the inflammatory chemokines CCL4 (MIP-1beta) and CCL3 (MIP-1alpha) chemoattracted primed CD4(+) T cells to mature DCs and activated, naive CD8(+) T cells to DC-CD4 conjugates, respectively; and 3) blockade of these chemokines or their common receptor CCR5 ablated priming of CD8(+) T cells and upregulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1. |
| 1106 | 20812236 | The DEC-targeted LcrV induced polarized Th1 immunity, whereas DCIR2-targeted LcrV induced fewer CD4(+) T cells secreting IFN-γ, but higher IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 production. |
| 1107 | 20816019 | The immunological consequences of the treatment were evaluated with plasma- and serum-levels of inflammatory and non-inflammatory markers (the following 10 cytokines: GM-CSF, INF-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha, and in addition the inflammatory chemokines MIP-1beta, Eotaxin and IP-10) and biomarkers CEA and TIMP-1. |
| 1108 | 20816019 | These analyses showed that the vaccine induced increasing levels of Th1 cytokines such as GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 in patients achieving stable disease. |
| 1109 | 20816019 | Patients with progressive disease had increasing levels of CEA and TIMP-1, while patients achieving stable disease maintained relatively stable levels. |
| 1110 | 20883737 | The combined therapy also increased CEA-specific Th1 and cytotoxic T-cell responses. |
| 1111 | 20937847 | The regulation of Th1 responses by the p38 MAPK. |
| 1112 | 20937847 | IL-12 production was also increased in macrophages treated with small interfering RNA to limit p38α expression, and in macrophages deficient in MKK3, a kinase upstream of p38. |
| 1113 | 20937847 | The increase in IL-12 production following MAPK/p38 inhibition appears to be due to enhanced IL-12 (p40) mRNA stability. |
| 1114 | 21057930 | The output of an ELISpot assay is a formation of colored spots which appear at the sites of cells releasing cytokines, with each individual spot representing a single cytokine-releasing cell.We have shown that hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was causing ∼twofold decrease in the number of lymphocytes secreting the TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2, as well as chemokine IL-8 and cytokine TNF alpha. |
| 1115 | 21057930 | However, the number of cells secreting TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in hydrogen peroxide-treated group did not change. |
| 1116 | 21057930 | We adopted ELISpot assay for studying oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by analyzing the acute effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the frequency of cells secreting IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, and TNF-alpha. |
| 1117 | 21099447 | In infants without, but not with, maternal history of allergy, the ω-3 supplementation was related to lower CCL17/CXC-chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11) (Th2/Th1) ratios (p < 0.05). |
| 1118 | 21143037 | Cell-mediated immunity may also be generated, marked by the presence of CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) cells. |
| 1119 | 21157438 | Consequently, the cytosolic DNA sensor, DNA-dependent activator of interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (DAI), was used as a genetic adjuvant. |
| 1120 | 21157438 | In vivo electroporation (EP) of mice with a DAI-encoding plasmid (pDAI) promoted transcription of genes encoding type I IFNs, proinflammatory cytokines, and costimulatory molecules. |
| 1121 | 21157438 | Moreover, codelivery of pDAI effectively promoted CTL and CD4(+) Th1 responses to the TAA survivin. |
| 1122 | 21157438 | The DAI-enhanced CTL induction required nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation and type I IFN signaling, but did not involve the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). |
| 1123 | 21157438 | Codelivery of pDAI also increased CTL responses to the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP2), enhanced tumor rejection and conferred long-term protection against B16 melanoma challenge. |
| 1124 | 21236236 | Compared to the mice unvaccinated or vaccinated with empty plasmid, CD11c(+) cells at the dLN from naïve B6 mice expressed prominent IL-12 mRNA after the T.g.HSP70 gene vaccine. |
| 1125 | 21236236 | Also, CD4(+) cells at the dLN from the mice expressed prominent interferon-γ, but not IL-4 or IL-17, mRNA at a maximum level at day 5 following vaccination. |
| 1126 | 21236236 | This T.g.HSP70 gene vaccine-induced DC activation and Th1 polarization were also observed in TRIF-deficient mice, but not MyD88-deficient mice with B6 background indicating the involvement of TLR4/MyD88 signal transduction cascade in the vaccine effects with T.g.HSP70 gene. |
| 1127 | 21236236 | The T.g.HSP70 gene vaccine (twice at a 2-week interval) has been shown to limit T. gondii loads in the mesenteric LN of WT, TLR2-deficient and TRIF-deficient mice, but neither TLR4-deficient nor MyD88-deficient mice, at an acute phase of toxoplasmosis. |
| 1128 | 21236236 | The T.g.HSP70 gene vaccine also limited cyst number in the brains of WT, TLR2-deficient and TRIF-deficient mice, but not TLR4-deficient mice at a chronic phase of toxoplasmosis. |
| 1129 | 21374318 | Overall, CpG DNA induces a Th1 like pattern of cytokine production dominated by IL-12 and IFN-γ, with little secretion of Th2 cytokines (4,5). |
| 1130 | 21375481 | Other obstacles that have been clearly defined include the need to avoid unwanted anti-Aβ/APP Th1 immune responses, the need to achieve adequate responses to vaccination in the elderly and the need for precise monitoring. |
| 1131 | 21408149 | To obtain data on Th1 or Th2 dominance of the immune response in adolescents receiving an aP booster immunization after a wcP or aP primary immunization, we analyzed the concentration of Th1 (IL-2, TNF-α, INF-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokines in supernatants of lymphocyte cultures specifically stimulated with pertussis antigens. |
| 1132 | 21408149 | The vaccination also induces an increase in peripheral CD8(+)CD69(+) activated pertussis-specific memory T cells four weeks after vaccination. |
| 1133 | 21501879 | This study demonstrates that chicken microglial cells can become infected with live YL040920 and CVI988/Rispens and that microglia represent cellular sources of IL-12p40, IL-12p35, IFN-γ, IFN-β, IL-8, MIP-1β, iNOS mRNA, and NO expression after MDV infection in vitro. |
| 1134 | 21501879 | More detailed investigation, as well as in vivo testing of the effects of vvMDV infection on Th1 responses, iNOS expression, and NO production in the brain of chickens should be undertaken. |
| 1135 | 21530828 | There is a potential benefit of adjuvants enhancing regulatory and Th1 CD4+T cell responses during specific immunotherapy. |
| 1136 | 21540549 | The conjugate vaccine required aggregation of the protein to elicit potent Th1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 1137 | 21540549 | Ex vivo migratory CD8-DEC205+CD103-CD326- langerin-negative dermal DCs were as potent in cross-presenting antigen to naive CD8+ T cells as CD11c+CD8+ DCs. |
| 1138 | 21540549 | Moreover, these cells also influenced Th1 CD4+ T cell priming. |
| 1139 | 21540549 | The conjugate vaccine required aggregation of the protein to elicit potent Th1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. |
| 1140 | 21540549 | Ex vivo migratory CD8-DEC205+CD103-CD326- langerin-negative dermal DCs were as potent in cross-presenting antigen to naive CD8+ T cells as CD11c+CD8+ DCs. |
| 1141 | 21540549 | Moreover, these cells also influenced Th1 CD4+ T cell priming. |
| 1142 | 21554089 | Cancer vaccination reprograms regulatory T cells into helper CD4 T cells to promote antitumor CD8 T-cell responses. |
| 1143 | 21554089 | It has been recognized that natural CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs could display a phenotypic and functional plasticity in an inflammatory microenvironment. |
| 1144 | 21554089 | Sharma et al. demonstrate that in response to vaccines containing antigens, IFA and CpG, a large proportion of Tregs are dedifferentiated into Th1-like effector cells, which coexpress CD40L - a key molecule for CD8 help by licensing dendritic cells. |
| 1145 | 21554089 | Collectively, in response to signaling from innate immune cells, Tregs are rapidly reprogrammed into Th1-like effector cells, which are also capable of providing timely help for antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the early phase of activation, when the traditional cognate help from conventional CD4 T cells has not yet became available. |
| 1146 | 21554089 | Cancer vaccination reprograms regulatory T cells into helper CD4 T cells to promote antitumor CD8 T-cell responses. |
| 1147 | 21554089 | It has been recognized that natural CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs could display a phenotypic and functional plasticity in an inflammatory microenvironment. |
| 1148 | 21554089 | Sharma et al. demonstrate that in response to vaccines containing antigens, IFA and CpG, a large proportion of Tregs are dedifferentiated into Th1-like effector cells, which coexpress CD40L - a key molecule for CD8 help by licensing dendritic cells. |
| 1149 | 21554089 | Collectively, in response to signaling from innate immune cells, Tregs are rapidly reprogrammed into Th1-like effector cells, which are also capable of providing timely help for antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the early phase of activation, when the traditional cognate help from conventional CD4 T cells has not yet became available. |
| 1150 | 21565244 | SL immunization promoted a mixed Th1/Th2 response, based on cytokine analysis (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INFγ). |
| 1151 | 21600260 | Intranasal c-di-GMP-adjuvanted plant-derived H5 influenza vaccine induces multifunctional Th1 CD4+ cells and strong mucosal and systemic antibody responses in mice. |
| 1152 | 21600260 | Additionally, the intranasal vaccine elicited a balanced Th1/Th2 profile and, most importantly, high frequencies of multifunctional Th1 CD4(+) cells. |
| 1153 | 21600260 | Intranasal c-di-GMP-adjuvanted plant-derived H5 influenza vaccine induces multifunctional Th1 CD4+ cells and strong mucosal and systemic antibody responses in mice. |
| 1154 | 21600260 | Additionally, the intranasal vaccine elicited a balanced Th1/Th2 profile and, most importantly, high frequencies of multifunctional Th1 CD4(+) cells. |
| 1155 | 21722683 | This study demonstrates that administration of trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) with the cationic liposome adjuvant system CAF01 enhances the humoral immune response as measured by hemagglutinin inhibition titers and influenza-specific serum antibody titers, and promote a strong Th1 response with augmented levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α. |
| 1156 | 21746857 | A Salmonella vector vaccine expressing the saliva-binding region (SBR) of the adhesin AgI/II of Streptococcus mutans has been shown to induce a mixed Th1/Th2 anti-SBR immune response in mice and to require Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and MyD88 signaling for the induction of mucosal anti-SBR antibody responses. |
| 1157 | 21746857 | Bone marrow-derived DC from wild-type and TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 knockout mice were stimulated with Salmonella vector BRD509, the SBR-expressing Salmonella vector vaccine BRD509(pSBRT7), or SBR protein, and the DC responses to different stimuli were compared by assessing costimulatory molecule expression, cytokine production, and signaling pathways. |
| 1158 | 21746857 | BRD509(pSBRT7) and BRD509 induced upregulation of CD80, CD86, CD40, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) expression. |
| 1159 | 21746857 | The low IL-12p40 and high IL-6 cytokine profile expressed by BRD509(pSBRT7)-stimulated DC may represent a shift toward a Th2 response, as suggested by the increased expression in Jagged-1. |
| 1160 | 21822917 | Immunotherapy with MVA-BN®-HER2 induces HER-2-specific Th1 immunity and alters the intratumoral balance of effector and regulatory T cells. |
| 1161 | 21822917 | Immunogenicity studies showed that treatment with MVA-BN®-HER2 induced strongly Th1-dominated HER-2-specific antibody and T-cell responses. |
| 1162 | 21822917 | MVA-BN®-HER2-induced anti-tumor activity was characterized by an increased infiltration of lungs with highly activated, HER-2-specific, CD8+CD11c+ T cells accompanied by a decrease in the frequency of T(reg) cells in the lung, resulting in a significantly increased ratio of effector T cells to T(reg) cells. |
| 1163 | 21822917 | Furthermore, depletion of CD4+ or CD25+ cells demonstrated that tumor-induced T(reg) cells promoted tumor growth and that CD4 effector cells also contribute to MVA-BN®-HER2-mediated anti-tumor efficacy. |
| 1164 | 21822917 | Taken together, our data demonstrate that treatment with MVA-BN®-HER2 controls tumor growth through mechanisms including the induction of Th1-biased HER-2-specific immune responses and the control of tumor-mediated immunosuppression. |
| 1165 | 21822917 | Immunotherapy with MVA-BN®-HER2 induces HER-2-specific Th1 immunity and alters the intratumoral balance of effector and regulatory T cells. |
| 1166 | 21822917 | Immunogenicity studies showed that treatment with MVA-BN®-HER2 induced strongly Th1-dominated HER-2-specific antibody and T-cell responses. |
| 1167 | 21822917 | MVA-BN®-HER2-induced anti-tumor activity was characterized by an increased infiltration of lungs with highly activated, HER-2-specific, CD8+CD11c+ T cells accompanied by a decrease in the frequency of T(reg) cells in the lung, resulting in a significantly increased ratio of effector T cells to T(reg) cells. |
| 1168 | 21822917 | Furthermore, depletion of CD4+ or CD25+ cells demonstrated that tumor-induced T(reg) cells promoted tumor growth and that CD4 effector cells also contribute to MVA-BN®-HER2-mediated anti-tumor efficacy. |
| 1169 | 21822917 | Taken together, our data demonstrate that treatment with MVA-BN®-HER2 controls tumor growth through mechanisms including the induction of Th1-biased HER-2-specific immune responses and the control of tumor-mediated immunosuppression. |
| 1170 | 21822917 | Immunotherapy with MVA-BN®-HER2 induces HER-2-specific Th1 immunity and alters the intratumoral balance of effector and regulatory T cells. |
| 1171 | 21822917 | Immunogenicity studies showed that treatment with MVA-BN®-HER2 induced strongly Th1-dominated HER-2-specific antibody and T-cell responses. |
| 1172 | 21822917 | MVA-BN®-HER2-induced anti-tumor activity was characterized by an increased infiltration of lungs with highly activated, HER-2-specific, CD8+CD11c+ T cells accompanied by a decrease in the frequency of T(reg) cells in the lung, resulting in a significantly increased ratio of effector T cells to T(reg) cells. |
| 1173 | 21822917 | Furthermore, depletion of CD4+ or CD25+ cells demonstrated that tumor-induced T(reg) cells promoted tumor growth and that CD4 effector cells also contribute to MVA-BN®-HER2-mediated anti-tumor efficacy. |
| 1174 | 21822917 | Taken together, our data demonstrate that treatment with MVA-BN®-HER2 controls tumor growth through mechanisms including the induction of Th1-biased HER-2-specific immune responses and the control of tumor-mediated immunosuppression. |
| 1175 | 21934655 | Identification of molecular adjuvants to in vivo "modulate " DC to coordinately render improved Th1 and CD8 T cell immunity, and attenuated deleterious Treg effects, is a critical challenge. |
| 1176 | 21934655 | This immunization strategy is based on a genetic vaccine encoding both cytomegalovirus (CMV)-driven vaccine Aghsp70 and DC-specific CD11c-driven XBP1s. |
| 1177 | 21934655 | The novel targeted vaccine induced durable Th1 and CD8 T cell responses to poorly immunogenic self/tumor antigen (Ag) and attenuated tumor-associated Treg suppressive function. |
| 1178 | 21934655 | Bone marrow (BM)-derived DC genetically modified to simultaneously overexpress XBP1s and express Aghsp70 upregulated CD40, CD70, CD86, interleukin (IL)-15, IL-15Rα, and CCR7 expression, and increased IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in vitro. |
| 1179 | 21934655 | Identification of molecular adjuvants to in vivo "modulate " DC to coordinately render improved Th1 and CD8 T cell immunity, and attenuated deleterious Treg effects, is a critical challenge. |
| 1180 | 21934655 | This immunization strategy is based on a genetic vaccine encoding both cytomegalovirus (CMV)-driven vaccine Aghsp70 and DC-specific CD11c-driven XBP1s. |
| 1181 | 21934655 | The novel targeted vaccine induced durable Th1 and CD8 T cell responses to poorly immunogenic self/tumor antigen (Ag) and attenuated tumor-associated Treg suppressive function. |
| 1182 | 21934655 | Bone marrow (BM)-derived DC genetically modified to simultaneously overexpress XBP1s and express Aghsp70 upregulated CD40, CD70, CD86, interleukin (IL)-15, IL-15Rα, and CCR7 expression, and increased IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in vitro. |
| 1183 | 21956503 | We worked out a protocol to study oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by determining their potency to secrete IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in response to acute treatment with hydrogen peroxide. |
| 1184 | 21956503 | We show that hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress can cause a ∼twofold decrease in the number of lymphocytes secreting the TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2, as well as chemokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha. |
| 1185 | 21956503 | However, the number of cells secreting TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in hydrogen -peroxide-treated group did not change. |
| 1186 | 21980478 | Four out of the twenty-five 9-mer peptides tested: peptides 3 (F33-41), 13 (F214-222), 14 (F273-281), and 23 (F559-567), were found to bind to HLA-A*0201 with moderate to high affinity and were capable of inducing IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion in lymphocytes from HLA-A*0201 transgenic (HLA-Tg) mice pre-immunized with RSV or recombinant adenovirus expressing RSV F. |
| 1187 | 21980478 | HLA-Tg mice were immunized with these four peptides and were found to induce both Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses in in vitro secondary recall. |
| 1188 | 21980478 | A significant reduction of lung viral load was observed in mice immunized with peptide 23, which appeared to enhance the levels of inflammatory chemokines (CCL17, CCL22, and IL-18) but did not increase eosinophil infiltration in the lungs. |
| 1189 | 21983362 | CBA/J mice immunized with pRON4, pNRON4 or pCRON4 plus a plasmid encoding the granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor showed high IgG titers against rRON4S2. |
| 1190 | 21983362 | In addition to the production of IFN-γ, and IL-2, Il-10 and IL-5 were also produced by the spleen cells of the immunized mice stimulated with RON4S2, suggesting that a mixed Th1/Th2 type immune response occurred in all the immunized groups. |
| 1191 | 21991402 | Human cellular immune response to the saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi is mediated by IL-10-producing CD8+ T cells and Th1-polarized CD4+ lymphocytes. |
| 1192 | 22067741 | Yeast-surface expressed BVDV E2 protein induces a Th1/Th2 response in naïve T cells. |
| 1193 | 22067741 | S. cerevisiae activates the innate immune system by engaging pattern recognition receptors such as toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and dectin-1. |
| 1194 | 22067741 | Additionally, bovine macrophages primed with S. cerevisiae expressing viral envelope proteins had a greater capacity for stimulating proliferation of CD4+ T-cells from BVDV-free animals compared to macrophages primed with envelope protein alone or S. cerevisiae without envelope protein expression. |
| 1195 | 22067741 | Additionally, heat-inactivation of recombinant S. cerevisiae induced less INFγ and IL-4 but equal amounts of IL-10 compared to live yeast T-cell cultures. |
| 1196 | 22075702 | We provide evidence that CD4(+) Th-1, but not Th-2, Th-17 cells, or regulatory T cells, are capable of inducing DC cytotoxic function. |
| 1197 | 22138356 | LTBSC treatment increased the frequency of CD4(+)FoxP3(+) Treg cells in lymph nodes prior to challenge and in the EAE acute stage. |
| 1198 | 22138356 | LTBSC also up-regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory Th2/Th3 cytokines and diminished myelin basic protein-specific Th1 and Th17 cell responses in lymph nodes. |
| 1199 | 22138356 | CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells from LTBSC treated rats showed stronger suppressive properties than Treg cells from controls in vitro. |
| 1200 | 22190392 | Finally, the Alum-adjuvanted i.m. vaccine and the lower-dose Protollin-adjuvanted i.n. vaccine elicited significantly higher CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 responses and more gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD8(+) T cells than the nonadjuvanted vaccine. |
| 1201 | 22291184 | ID93/SE induced Th2-biased immune responses, whereas ID93/GLA-SE induced multifunctional CD4(+) Th1 cell responses (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2). |
| 1202 | 22301139 | Interleukin-27 (IL-27) and IL-23 regulate Th1, Th17, and/or Th2 cellular immune responses. |
| 1203 | 22301139 | These results suggested that Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-like memory responses and, in particular, excessive Th2- and Th17-like memory responses were closely associated with VED; IL-27 may inhibit VED following respiratory syncytial virus infection by regulating cellular memory responses. |
| 1204 | 22326819 | Results showed that lymphocyte proliferation and some cytokines were significantly elevated, with cellular immune responses skewed towards Th1 and Tc1. |
| 1205 | 22431649 | Challenged mice displayed significant decreases in tissue infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes with marked reductions in frequencies of neutrophils but significant increases in frequencies of CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cells. |
| 1206 | 22451777 | Although most studies concerning protective immunity to C trachomatis have focused on humoral immune responses, recent studies have clearly shown that T helper-1 (Th1)-like CD4 T cell-mediated immune responses play the dominant role in protective immunity. |
| 1207 | 22470440 | The available evidence suggests that protective immunity to Leishmania is achieved by priming the CD4(+) Th1 response. |
| 1208 | 22470440 | The single, immunodominant Leishmania-specific LACK(158-173) CD4(+) peptide was engineered into the neuraminidase stalk of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses. |
| 1209 | 22470440 | We show that vaccination with influenza-LACK(158-173) triggers LACK(158-173)-specific Th1-biased CD4(+) T cell responses within an appropriate cytokine milieu (IFN-γ, IL-12), essential for the magnitude and quality of the Th1 response. |
| 1210 | 22470440 | This correlated with increased numbers of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells in vaccinated mice compared to controls. |
| 1211 | 22470440 | The available evidence suggests that protective immunity to Leishmania is achieved by priming the CD4(+) Th1 response. |
| 1212 | 22470440 | The single, immunodominant Leishmania-specific LACK(158-173) CD4(+) peptide was engineered into the neuraminidase stalk of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses. |
| 1213 | 22470440 | We show that vaccination with influenza-LACK(158-173) triggers LACK(158-173)-specific Th1-biased CD4(+) T cell responses within an appropriate cytokine milieu (IFN-γ, IL-12), essential for the magnitude and quality of the Th1 response. |
| 1214 | 22470440 | This correlated with increased numbers of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells in vaccinated mice compared to controls. |
| 1215 | 22516955 | The interference with IFN type I receptor signaling by means of a specific mAb reversed poly I:C-mediated tumor regression due to lower presence of myeloid DCs, cytotoxic DCs (CD11c(+)CD8(+)), NKT cells, CD8(+) T cells, and Th1-like cytokines. |
| 1216 | 22528648 | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from EN subjects responded strongly to rBmTPX by proliferating, as well as by secreting interferon (IFN)-γ (Th1) and IL-5 (Th2), a mixed type of response to rBmTPX. |
| 1217 | 22557998 | In HF10-immunized mice, we observed rapid and increased production of interferon-γ in the vagina in response to HSV-2 infection, and numerous CD4(+) and a few CD8(+) T cells localized to the infective focus. |
| 1218 | 22557998 | Thus, the protective effect of HF10 was related to induction of cellular immunity, mediated primarily by Th1 CD4(+) cells. |
| 1219 | 22617496 | The lung-stage schistosomulum has been regarded as the main target of protective immunity induced by radiation-attenuated vaccines (RAV) in the mouse model of schistosomiasis, and immune mechanisms mediated by the CD4+ Th1 response play a major role in the RAV model. |
| 1220 | 22617496 | The results showed that three of the six predicted peptides could induce a recall CD4+ Th1 response in vitro. |
| 1221 | 22617496 | The lung-stage schistosomulum has been regarded as the main target of protective immunity induced by radiation-attenuated vaccines (RAV) in the mouse model of schistosomiasis, and immune mechanisms mediated by the CD4+ Th1 response play a major role in the RAV model. |
| 1222 | 22617496 | The results showed that three of the six predicted peptides could induce a recall CD4+ Th1 response in vitro. |
| 1223 | 22750068 | More importantly, these impaired Th1 responses correlated with reduced CD4(+) T cells and markedly increased CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells. |
| 1224 | 22824940 | Stimulation of J774 macrophages with a concentration as low as 1 μg ml (-1) of encapsulated rMOMP-187 evoked high production levels of the Th1 cytokines IL-6 (874 pg ml(-1)) and IL-12p40 (674 pg ml(-1)) as well as nitric oxide (8 μM) at 24 h post-stimulation, and in a dose-response and time-kinetics manner. |
| 1225 | 22829867 | The implication of a shift to a more polyfunctional immune response within the Th1-cytokine-producing CD4 T cells in children is uncertain as this aspect of the immune response has not been assessed as a potential correlate of protection against TB. |
| 1226 | 22926061 | Neutralization of IFN-γ was associated with a reduction in Th1 cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ splenocytes, as assessed by flow cytometry analysis, and provided further evidence for the role of CD4+ T lymphocytes as drivers of the cellular immune response. |
| 1227 | 22972927 | Blockade of IL-10 signaling during bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination enhances and sustains Th1, Th17, and innate lymphoid IFN-γ and IL-17 responses and increases protection to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. |
| 1228 | 22972927 | Early production of IL-17 in the lungs following M. tuberculosis challenge of mice previously vaccinated with M. tuberculosis peptides in adjuvant has been shown to be required for efficient Th1 cell recruitment. |
| 1229 | 22972927 | IL-10 regulates various processes involved in generation of Th1 and Th17 responses. |
| 1230 | 22972927 | In this study we show that inhibition of IL-10 signaling during BCG vaccination enhances host-generated Ag-specific IFN-γ and IL-17A responses, and that this regimen gives significantly greater protection against aerogenic M. tuberculosis challenge in both susceptible and relatively resistant strains of mice. |
| 1231 | 22972927 | The protection observed following BCG vaccination concurrent with anti-IL-10R mAb treatment was sustained through chronic M. tuberculosis infection and correlated with enhanced lung Th1 and Th17 responses and increased IFN-γ and IL-17A production by γδ T cells and an innate-like Thy1.2(+)CD3(-) lymphoid population. |
| 1232 | 22972927 | Blockade of IL-10 signaling during bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination enhances and sustains Th1, Th17, and innate lymphoid IFN-γ and IL-17 responses and increases protection to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. |
| 1233 | 22972927 | Early production of IL-17 in the lungs following M. tuberculosis challenge of mice previously vaccinated with M. tuberculosis peptides in adjuvant has been shown to be required for efficient Th1 cell recruitment. |
| 1234 | 22972927 | IL-10 regulates various processes involved in generation of Th1 and Th17 responses. |
| 1235 | 22972927 | In this study we show that inhibition of IL-10 signaling during BCG vaccination enhances host-generated Ag-specific IFN-γ and IL-17A responses, and that this regimen gives significantly greater protection against aerogenic M. tuberculosis challenge in both susceptible and relatively resistant strains of mice. |
| 1236 | 22972927 | The protection observed following BCG vaccination concurrent with anti-IL-10R mAb treatment was sustained through chronic M. tuberculosis infection and correlated with enhanced lung Th1 and Th17 responses and increased IFN-γ and IL-17A production by γδ T cells and an innate-like Thy1.2(+)CD3(-) lymphoid population. |
| 1237 | 22972927 | Blockade of IL-10 signaling during bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination enhances and sustains Th1, Th17, and innate lymphoid IFN-γ and IL-17 responses and increases protection to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. |
| 1238 | 22972927 | Early production of IL-17 in the lungs following M. tuberculosis challenge of mice previously vaccinated with M. tuberculosis peptides in adjuvant has been shown to be required for efficient Th1 cell recruitment. |
| 1239 | 22972927 | IL-10 regulates various processes involved in generation of Th1 and Th17 responses. |
| 1240 | 22972927 | In this study we show that inhibition of IL-10 signaling during BCG vaccination enhances host-generated Ag-specific IFN-γ and IL-17A responses, and that this regimen gives significantly greater protection against aerogenic M. tuberculosis challenge in both susceptible and relatively resistant strains of mice. |
| 1241 | 22972927 | The protection observed following BCG vaccination concurrent with anti-IL-10R mAb treatment was sustained through chronic M. tuberculosis infection and correlated with enhanced lung Th1 and Th17 responses and increased IFN-γ and IL-17A production by γδ T cells and an innate-like Thy1.2(+)CD3(-) lymphoid population. |
| 1242 | 22972927 | Blockade of IL-10 signaling during bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination enhances and sustains Th1, Th17, and innate lymphoid IFN-γ and IL-17 responses and increases protection to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. |
| 1243 | 22972927 | Early production of IL-17 in the lungs following M. tuberculosis challenge of mice previously vaccinated with M. tuberculosis peptides in adjuvant has been shown to be required for efficient Th1 cell recruitment. |
| 1244 | 22972927 | IL-10 regulates various processes involved in generation of Th1 and Th17 responses. |
| 1245 | 22972927 | In this study we show that inhibition of IL-10 signaling during BCG vaccination enhances host-generated Ag-specific IFN-γ and IL-17A responses, and that this regimen gives significantly greater protection against aerogenic M. tuberculosis challenge in both susceptible and relatively resistant strains of mice. |
| 1246 | 22972927 | The protection observed following BCG vaccination concurrent with anti-IL-10R mAb treatment was sustained through chronic M. tuberculosis infection and correlated with enhanced lung Th1 and Th17 responses and increased IFN-γ and IL-17A production by γδ T cells and an innate-like Thy1.2(+)CD3(-) lymphoid population. |
| 1247 | 22983180 | We also demonstrated that spleen cells obtained from animals immunized with mock and Hsp65 mRNA-transfected dendritic cells were able to generate a mixed Th1/Th2 response with production not only of IFN-γ but also of IL-5 and IL-10. |
| 1248 | 22983180 | In contrast, cells recovered from mice immunized with Hsp65 mRNA-transfected macrophages were able to produce only IL-5. |
| 1249 | 23045649 | Innate signaling pathways that amplify priming of Th1 CD4 T cells will likely improve vaccine performance against future outbreaks of lethal pandemic flu. |
| 1250 | 23071285 | p27(Kip1) negatively regulates the magnitude and persistence of CD4 T cell memory. |
| 1251 | 23071285 | Our studies ascribe a novel role for the cell cycle regulator p27(Kip1) as a prominent negative regulator of the establishment and long-term maintenance of Th1 CD4 T cell memory. |
| 1252 | 23071285 | We demonstrate that p27(Kip1) might restrict the differentiation and survival of memory precursors by increasing the T-bet/Bcl-6 ratio in effector CD4 T cells. |
| 1253 | 23071285 | By promoting apoptosis and contraction of effector CD4 T cells by mechanisms that are at least in part T cell intrinsic, p27(Kip1) markedly limits the abundance of memory CD4 T cells. |
| 1254 | 23071285 | Furthermore, we causally link p27(Kip1)-dependent apoptosis to the decay of CD4 T cell memory, possibly by repressing the expression of γ-chain receptors and the downstream effector of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Tcf-1. |
| 1255 | 23071285 | We extend these findings by showing that the antagonistic effects of p27(Kip1) on CD4 T cell memory require its cyclin-dependent kinase-binding domain. |
| 1256 | 23071285 | Collectively, these findings provide key insights into the mechanisms underlying the governance of peripheral CD4 T cell homeostasis and identify p27(Kip1) as a target to enhance vaccine-induced CD4 T cell memory. |
| 1257 | 23137845 | Vaccine-mediated Th1-biased CD4+ T cell responses have been shown to be crucial for protection against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). |
| 1258 | 23261719 | Mice vaccinated with rVSV-Gstem-RSV-F replicons also developed robust cellular responses characterized by both primary and memory Th1-biased CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. |
| 1259 | 23264407 | The cells were stimulated in vitro with rHBsAg and the concentration of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ were quantitated in culture supernatant by sandwich ELISA. |
| 1260 | 23264407 | Significant diminished secretion of both Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines was observed in HBsAg-stimulated PBMC from vaccinees expressing the HLA-DR7 compared to DR7 negative vaccinees. |
| 1261 | 23264407 | While HBsAg-stimulated PBMC of DR13+ subjects produced lower levels of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), those of HLA-B8+ or HLA-A9+ subjects produced higher levels of Th2-type cytokines. |
| 1262 | 23313887 | In comparison with Bac-HAW, Bac-HAMW ameliorated the HA peptide presentation, significantly elevated the HA-specific humoral response (total IgG, IgG2a and hemagglutination inhibition titers) and favorably boosted the Th1 and IFN-γ(+)/CD8(+) T cell responses without extraneous adjuvants. |
| 1263 | 23376446 | Expression levels of INF-γ and IL-4, which are characteristic cytokines secreted during Th1-like and Th2-like immune responses, respectively, were unchanged in vaccinated animals as compared to control animals. |
| 1264 | 23376446 | Expression levels of TNF-α and some related molecules, such as ADAM17, FasL, CD40 and TRAF3 were also elevated. |
| 1265 | 23377669 | A major challenge associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is effective prevention and/or attenuation of symptoms associated with acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) that can result from a failure of either host and/or donor CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Tr) and CD8(+)CD28 suppressor T (Ts) cells to dampen immunopathogenic responses mediated by alloreactive donor CD4(+)CD28(+) Th1 (Th1) and CD8(+)CD28(-) Tc1 (Tc1) cell-mediated inflammatory processes. |
| 1266 | 23377669 | In addition, immunized mice presented with significantly diminished Th1-cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin-2 response and a moderately upregulated Th2-cytokine interleukin-10 and Th3-cytokine transforming growth factor-β response. |
| 1267 | 23396105 | Vaccination of naïve mice with DNA encoding Der p 2 delivered by electroporation even at very low dose (2μg) prevented the development of house dust mite allergy through Th1-skewed immune response characterized by the drastic reduction of allergen-specific IgE, IL-5 and lung inflammation together with the induction of strong specific IgG2a titers and IFNg secretion. |
| 1268 | 23509365 | After priming, RMs that received SIV Gag protein plus poly-IC developed significantly higher frequencies of SIV Gag-specific CD4(+) Th1 responses in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid lymphocytes compared with all other adjuvants, and low-level SIV Gag-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 1269 | 23509365 | In contrast, the anamnestic SIV Gag-specific CD4(+) T cell response in BAL was enhanced by SIV Gag protein priming with poly-IC or CpG, which correlated with partial control of early viral replication after SIVmac251 challenge. |
| 1270 | 23526940 | Increase in IFNγ(-)IL-2(+) cells in recent human CD4 T cell responses to 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza. |
| 1271 | 23526940 | Human CD4 T cell recall responses to influenza virus are strongly biased towards Type 1 cytokines, producing IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα. |
| 1272 | 23526940 | In the general population, peptides unique to the long-circulating influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) induced Th1-like responses biased toward the expression of IFNγ(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells. |
| 1273 | 23526940 | Importantly, peptides enriched for non-cross-reactive A/California/04/09 specificities induced a higher proportion of Thpp-like IFNγ(-)IL-2(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells than peptide pools cross-reactive with previous influenza strains, which induced more Th1 (IFNγ(+)TNFα(+)) responses. |
| 1274 | 23526940 | These IFNγ(-)IL-2(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells may be an important target population for vaccination regimens, as these cells are induced upon infection, may have high proliferative potential, and may play a role in providing future effector cells during subsequent infections. |
| 1275 | 23526940 | Increase in IFNγ(-)IL-2(+) cells in recent human CD4 T cell responses to 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza. |
| 1276 | 23526940 | Human CD4 T cell recall responses to influenza virus are strongly biased towards Type 1 cytokines, producing IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα. |
| 1277 | 23526940 | In the general population, peptides unique to the long-circulating influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) induced Th1-like responses biased toward the expression of IFNγ(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells. |
| 1278 | 23526940 | Importantly, peptides enriched for non-cross-reactive A/California/04/09 specificities induced a higher proportion of Thpp-like IFNγ(-)IL-2(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells than peptide pools cross-reactive with previous influenza strains, which induced more Th1 (IFNγ(+)TNFα(+)) responses. |
| 1279 | 23526940 | These IFNγ(-)IL-2(+)TNFα(+) CD4 T cells may be an important target population for vaccination regimens, as these cells are induced upon infection, may have high proliferative potential, and may play a role in providing future effector cells during subsequent infections. |
| 1280 | 23590591 | Similarly, dual-delivery carriers significantly increased CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) (Th1) responses and elicited a balanced IgG1/IgG2c antibody response. |
| 1281 | 23753624 | The p35 molecule is unique to interleukin-12 (IL-12), while p40 is shared by both IL-12 and IL-23. |
| 1282 | 23753624 | IL-12 promotes Th1 T cell responses, while IL-23 promotes Th17 T cell responses. |
| 1283 | 23753624 | Mice deficient in either IL-12p35 or p40 both developed similar but prolonged infection time courses, confirming the roles of IL-12-mediated immune responses in clearing primary infection. |
| 1284 | 23753624 | However, all mice, regardless of genotype, cleared reinfection within 2 weeks, suggesting that an IL-12- or IL-23-independent adaptive immunity is protective against chlamydial infection. |
| 1285 | 23753624 | Compared to IL-12p35 knockout mice, the IL-12p40-deficient mice exhibited more extensive spreading of chlamydial organisms into kidney tissues, leading to significantly increased incidence of pyelonephritis, which both confirms the role of IL-12 or IL-23-independent host responses in Chlamydia-induced pathologies and suggests that in the absence of IL-12/IFN-γ-mediated Th1 immunity, an IL-23-mediated response may play an important role in restricting chlamydial organisms from spreading into distal organs. |
| 1286 | 23753624 | The p35 molecule is unique to interleukin-12 (IL-12), while p40 is shared by both IL-12 and IL-23. |
| 1287 | 23753624 | IL-12 promotes Th1 T cell responses, while IL-23 promotes Th17 T cell responses. |
| 1288 | 23753624 | Mice deficient in either IL-12p35 or p40 both developed similar but prolonged infection time courses, confirming the roles of IL-12-mediated immune responses in clearing primary infection. |
| 1289 | 23753624 | However, all mice, regardless of genotype, cleared reinfection within 2 weeks, suggesting that an IL-12- or IL-23-independent adaptive immunity is protective against chlamydial infection. |
| 1290 | 23753624 | Compared to IL-12p35 knockout mice, the IL-12p40-deficient mice exhibited more extensive spreading of chlamydial organisms into kidney tissues, leading to significantly increased incidence of pyelonephritis, which both confirms the role of IL-12 or IL-23-independent host responses in Chlamydia-induced pathologies and suggests that in the absence of IL-12/IFN-γ-mediated Th1 immunity, an IL-23-mediated response may play an important role in restricting chlamydial organisms from spreading into distal organs. |
| 1291 | 23839107 | Persistence of Th1/Tc1 responses one year after tetravalent dengue vaccination in adults and adolescents in Singapore. |
| 1292 | 23839107 | Vaccination induced YF-17D-NS3-specific CD8/IFNγ responses, without significant TNFα, and a CYD-specific Th1/Tc1 cellular response in all participants, which was characterized by predominant IFNγ secretion compared with TNFα, associated with low level IL-13 secretion in multiplex analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) supernatants after restimulation with each the CYD vaccine viruses. |
| 1293 | 23845817 | Protection is mediated by a strong innate and CD4 Th1, CD8 Tc1 immune response. |
| 1294 | 23845817 | Splenocytes from strain RB51 with TLR2 vaccinated mice up-regulated antigen specific interferon-gamma and TNF-alpha production. |
| 1295 | 23845817 | Vaccination and challenge resulted in significant increases in activated dendritic cells (DCs), and increased CD4 and CD8 cells in the BAL. |
| 1296 | 23891392 | During vaccination of MHC class I deficient beta-2 microglobulin knockout mice (β2M(-/-)) with an IL-12/αIL-4 Th1 biasing procedure, all of the mice died. |
| 1297 | 23891392 | IL-12/αIL-4 treatment of β2M(-/-) mice resulted in increased NK cell numbers and activation status (IFN-γ(+), CD69(+)). |
| 1298 | 23897609 | Intranasal immunization with either PhtD or PhtE protein generated robust serum antibody and CD4 Th1-biased immune memory and conferred protection against pneumococcal colonization in mice. |
| 1299 | 23904160 | We hypothesized that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses with a heterologous prime/boost vaccine approach could induce long-lived vaccine efficacy against M. tuberculosis in C57BL/6 mice. |
| 1300 | 23904160 | We produced an adenovirus vector expressing ID93 (Ad5-ID93) for induction of CD8 T cells to use with our candidate tuberculosis vaccine, ID93/glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA)-stable emulsion (SE), which induces potent Th1 CD4 T cells. |
| 1301 | 23904160 | When Ad5-ID93 is administered in a prime-boost strategy with ID93/GLA-SE, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are generated and provide protection against M. tuberculosis. |
| 1302 | 23904160 | In a MHC class I-deficient mouse model, all groups including the Ad5-ID93 group elicited an Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell response and significantly fewer Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells, but were still protected against M. tuberculosis, suggesting that CD4(+) Th1 T cells could compensate for the loss of CD8(+) T cells. |
| 1303 | 23904160 | One of the correlates of protection between these two approaches was an increase in the total number of ID93-specific IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells 6 mo following the last immunization. |
| 1304 | 23904160 | We hypothesized that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses with a heterologous prime/boost vaccine approach could induce long-lived vaccine efficacy against M. tuberculosis in C57BL/6 mice. |
| 1305 | 23904160 | We produced an adenovirus vector expressing ID93 (Ad5-ID93) for induction of CD8 T cells to use with our candidate tuberculosis vaccine, ID93/glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA)-stable emulsion (SE), which induces potent Th1 CD4 T cells. |
| 1306 | 23904160 | When Ad5-ID93 is administered in a prime-boost strategy with ID93/GLA-SE, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are generated and provide protection against M. tuberculosis. |
| 1307 | 23904160 | In a MHC class I-deficient mouse model, all groups including the Ad5-ID93 group elicited an Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell response and significantly fewer Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells, but were still protected against M. tuberculosis, suggesting that CD4(+) Th1 T cells could compensate for the loss of CD8(+) T cells. |
| 1308 | 23904160 | One of the correlates of protection between these two approaches was an increase in the total number of ID93-specific IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells 6 mo following the last immunization. |
| 1309 | 23950909 | Flow cytometric analysis showed the increase in IFN-γ correlated with a significantly higher level of proliferation of CD4, CD8 and γδT cells and an increased expression of CD25 and CD45R0 in MAP316F vaccinated animals as compared to control animals. |
| 1310 | 23950909 | Evaluation of a range of cytokines involved in Th1, Th2, Treg, and Th17 immune responses by quantitative PCR showed low levels of expression of Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α) in the Sal-Ag immunized group. |
| 1311 | 23950909 | Significant levels of Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines transcripts (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β) were expressed but their level was low and with a pattern similar to the control group. |
| 1312 | 23969156 | Immunization of Balb/c mice with mosaic particles induced the production of anti-HBs antibody and Th1 cell immune response supported by ELISPOT and CD4/CD8 proportions assay. |
| 1313 | 23991011 | Neutralization of IL-4 led to the upregulation of a number of genes linked to Th1 trafficking, including CXCR3 chemokines, CCL5 and CCR5 and an associated increase in IFNγ, Tbet and TNFα genes. |
| 1314 | 23991011 | These data support a model whereby IL-4 dampens Th1-chemokines at the site of inflammation limiting Th1 recruitment. |
| 1315 | 23991011 | Short-term IL-4 blockade in established L. major infection led to a significant increase in the number of IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells in the infected ear dermis, with no change in the draining LN. |
| 1316 | 24058377 | Therefore, since WE-CN did not induce maturation of DCs generated from mice with mutated TLR-4 or TLR-2, suggesting that TLR4 and TLR2 might function as membrane receptors for WE-CN. |
| 1317 | 24058377 | Moreover, the mechanism of action of WE-CN may be mediated by increased phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and increased NF- κ B p65 activity, which are important signaling molecules downstream of TLR-4 and TLR-2. |
| 1318 | 24058377 | Finally, coimmunization of mice with WE-CN and a HER-2/neu DNA vaccine induced a HER-2/neu-specific Th1 response that resulted in significant inhibition of HER-2/neu overexpressing mouse bladder tumor (MBT-2) growth. |
| 1319 | 24096573 | Moreover, the adjuvant pB7-2 formulated with DNA vaccine boosted these humoral and cellular (Th1, CD8+ T cell) immune responses. |
| 1320 | 24120680 | Taken together, these results suggest that plant HSP90s could be incorporated as adjuvants in vaccines that require the generation of a Th1 response along with a CD8 cytotoxic cell response to confer immunity. |
| 1321 | 24244265 | Inhibition of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function and conversion into Th1-like effectors by a Toll-like receptor-activated dendritic cell vaccine. |
| 1322 | 24244265 | We have previously demonstrated that vaccination with dendritic cells activated with the TLR-4 ligand LPS and IFN-γ promotes an antigen-specific anti-tumor response that prevents tumor recurrence. |
| 1323 | 24244265 | The effect is therefore mediated by a soluble factor but was independent of both IL-6 and IL-12. |
| 1324 | 24244265 | IFN-γ production was associated with upregulation of the Th1 transcriptional regulator T-bet, and a significant fraction of IFN-γ-producing regulators coexpressed T-bet and FoxP3. |
| 1325 | 24244265 | While the effects of the LPS-activated dendritic cell on responder cell proliferation were IL-12 independent, upregulation of T-bet was inhibited by a neutralizing anti-IL-12 antibody. |
| 1326 | 24244265 | Inhibition of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function and conversion into Th1-like effectors by a Toll-like receptor-activated dendritic cell vaccine. |
| 1327 | 24244265 | We have previously demonstrated that vaccination with dendritic cells activated with the TLR-4 ligand LPS and IFN-γ promotes an antigen-specific anti-tumor response that prevents tumor recurrence. |
| 1328 | 24244265 | The effect is therefore mediated by a soluble factor but was independent of both IL-6 and IL-12. |
| 1329 | 24244265 | IFN-γ production was associated with upregulation of the Th1 transcriptional regulator T-bet, and a significant fraction of IFN-γ-producing regulators coexpressed T-bet and FoxP3. |
| 1330 | 24244265 | While the effects of the LPS-activated dendritic cell on responder cell proliferation were IL-12 independent, upregulation of T-bet was inhibited by a neutralizing anti-IL-12 antibody. |
| 1331 | 24262997 | Delivered antigenic peptides, OT-1 or OT-2, to DCs successfully induced antigen-specific CD8(+) or CD4(+) T cell proliferations both in vitro and in vivo. |
| 1332 | 24262997 | Effective differentiation of proliferated OT-2 specific CD4(+) T cells into functional CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 cells was confirmed with the productions of IFN-γ/IL-2 and IL-10/IL-13 cytokines, respectively. |
| 1333 | 24296809 | Most importantly, DCs matured with OK-432 plus IFN-γ-induced maintained secretion of interleukin-12 (IL-12)p70 in secondary culture after stimulus withdrawal. |
| 1334 | 24296809 | Functionally, OK-432 plus IFN-γ-conditioned DCs induce remarkable Th1 and Tc1 responses more effectively than OK-432 alone, even more than the use of α-type-1 cytokine cocktail. |
| 1335 | 24324734 | The vaccine (YF 17D) virus induces polyvalent immune responses, with a mixed TH1/TH2 CD4(+) cell profile, which results in robust T CD8(+) responses and high titers of neutralizing antibody. |
| 1336 | 24362470 | Here, we found that colorectal cancer (CRC) cells treated with oxaliplatin (OXA) and/or 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) released high levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). |
| 1337 | 24362470 | After OXA/5-Fu therapy, the sera of CRC patients also exhibited increased levels of HMGB1 and HSP70, both of which are well-known DAMPs. |
| 1338 | 24362470 | The supernatants of dying CRC cells treated with OXA/5-Fu promoted mouse and human DC maturation, with upregulation of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86 expression and enhancement of IL-1β, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES and IP-10 production. |
| 1339 | 24362470 | Vaccines composed of DCs pulsed with the supernatants of chemically stressed CRC cells induced a more significant IFN-γ-producing Th1 response both in vitro and in vivo. |
| 1340 | 24362470 | Furthermore, pulsing with the supernatants of chemically stressed CRC cells did not efficiently induce an IFN-γ-producing Th1 response in TLR4-deficient DCs. |
| 1341 | 24362470 | Here, we found that colorectal cancer (CRC) cells treated with oxaliplatin (OXA) and/or 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) released high levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). |
| 1342 | 24362470 | After OXA/5-Fu therapy, the sera of CRC patients also exhibited increased levels of HMGB1 and HSP70, both of which are well-known DAMPs. |
| 1343 | 24362470 | The supernatants of dying CRC cells treated with OXA/5-Fu promoted mouse and human DC maturation, with upregulation of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86 expression and enhancement of IL-1β, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES and IP-10 production. |
| 1344 | 24362470 | Vaccines composed of DCs pulsed with the supernatants of chemically stressed CRC cells induced a more significant IFN-γ-producing Th1 response both in vitro and in vivo. |
| 1345 | 24362470 | Furthermore, pulsing with the supernatants of chemically stressed CRC cells did not efficiently induce an IFN-γ-producing Th1 response in TLR4-deficient DCs. |
| 1346 | 24363182 | Immune mechanisms mediated by the CD4+ Th1 response are important in the RAV model. |
| 1347 | 24363182 | The results showed that 4 of the 11 predicted peptides induced a recall CD4+ Th1 response in vitro. |
| 1348 | 24363182 | Immune mechanisms mediated by the CD4+ Th1 response are important in the RAV model. |
| 1349 | 24363182 | The results showed that 4 of the 11 predicted peptides induced a recall CD4+ Th1 response in vitro. |
| 1350 | 24391789 | Long-lived Th1 CD4(+) T cells are essential for protective immunity against pertussis. |
| 1351 | 24478103 | In this study, we found that macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells recruited to Coccidioides posadasii-infected lungs of nonvaccinated and vaccinated mice contributed to the production of IL-10. |
| 1352 | 24478103 | The major IL-10-producing leukocytes were CD8(+) T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in lungs of nonvaccinated mice, while both Foxp3(+) and Foxp3(-) subsets of IL-10(+) CD4(+) T cells were significantly elevated in vaccinated mice. |
| 1353 | 24478103 | Profiles of the recruited leukocytes in lungs revealed that only CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased in IL-10(-/-) knockout mice compared to their wild-type counterparts. |
| 1354 | 24478103 | Furthermore, ex vivo recall assays showed that CD4(+) T cells isolated from vaccinated IL-10(-/-) mice compared to vaccinated wild-type mice produced significantly higher amounts of IL-2, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17A in the presence of a coccidioidal antigen, indicating that IL-10 suppresses Th1, Th2, and Th17 immunity to Coccidioides infection. |
| 1355 | 24478103 | Analysis of absolute numbers of CD44(+) CD62L(-) CD4(+) T effector memory T cells (TEM) and IFN-γ- and IL-17A-producing CD4(+) T cells in the lungs of Coccidioides-infected mice correlated with better fungal clearance in nonvaccinated IL-10(-/-) mice than in nonvaccinated wild-type mice. |
| 1356 | 24478103 | Our results suggest that IL-10 suppresses CD4(+) T-cell immunity in nonvaccinated mice during Coccidioides infection but does not impede the development of a memory response nor exacerbate immunopathology of vaccinated mice over at least a 4-month period after the last immunization. |
| 1357 | 24505407 | The induction of a balanced Th1 and Th17 response, together with expression of effector cytokines, such as IFNG, IL2, IL17, IL21 and IL22, could be used as correlates of a protective host response. |
| 1358 | 24516564 | Prevention of intestinal allergy in mice by rflaA:Ova is associated with enforced antigen processing and TLR5-dependent IL-10 secretion by mDC. |
| 1359 | 24516564 | Using TLR5(-/-) mDC the rflaA:Ova induced IL-10 secretion was shown to be TLR5 dependent. |
| 1360 | 24516564 | In co-cultures of IL-10(-/-) mDC with DO11.10 T cells the lack of rflaA:Ova-mediated IL-10 secretion resulted in enhanced levels of both TH2 (IL-4, IL-5) and TH1 (IL-2 and IFN-y) cytokines. |
| 1361 | 24549702 | Differentiation of CD4 T cells to Th1 and Th2 effector subsets depends on multiple factors such as relative intensity of interactions between T cell receptor with peptide-major histocompatibility complex, cytokine milieu, antigen dose, and costimulatory molecules. |
| 1362 | 24549702 | Literature supports the critical role of peptide's binding affinity to Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) and in the differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells to Th1 and Th2 subsets. |
| 1363 | 24549702 | Differentiation of CD4 T cells to Th1 and Th2 effector subsets depends on multiple factors such as relative intensity of interactions between T cell receptor with peptide-major histocompatibility complex, cytokine milieu, antigen dose, and costimulatory molecules. |
| 1364 | 24549702 | Literature supports the critical role of peptide's binding affinity to Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) and in the differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells to Th1 and Th2 subsets. |
| 1365 | 24572295 | ZXL1 significantly inhibited the ManLAM-induced immunosuppression of CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) and enhanced the M. tb antigen-presenting activity of DCs for naive CD4(+) Th1 cell activation. |
| 1366 | 24594065 | TLR2-mediated elimination of MTB involves multiple pathways such as promoting DCs maturation, generating biased Th1, Th2, Th17 type response, regulating the macrophage activation and cytokine secretion. |
| 1367 | 24657716 | The rgD5 vaccine stimulated high mRNA expression levels of Th1 (INF-γ) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, GM-CSF). |
| 1368 | 24788814 | Cytokine diversity in the Th1-dominated human anti-influenza response caused by variable cytokine expression by Th1 cells, and a minor population of uncommitted IL-2+IFNγ- Thpp cells. |
| 1369 | 24788814 | To test for short-term variability, in vitro-stimulated influenza-specific human memory CD4+ T cells were sorted according to IL-2 and IFNγ expression, cultured briefly in vitro, and cytokine patterns measured after restimulation. |
| 1370 | 24788814 | Both cell types yielded IFNγ-secreting cells in Th1 conditions, but only IL-2+IFNγ- cells were able to differentiate into IL-4-producing cells. |
| 1371 | 24842853 | The results also suggested a protective mechanism mediated by the activation of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells by MHC I antigen presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in response to vaccination with the IV, without a clear role for Th1 CD4+ T cells. |
| 1372 | 24911024 | Systemic administration of fucoidan induced up-regulation of CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression and production of IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in spleen cDCs. |
| 1373 | 24911024 | Fucoidan also promoted the generation of IFN-γ-producing Th1 and Tc1 cells in an IL-12-dependent manner. |
| 1374 | 24911024 | Moreover, fucoidan enhanced OVA-induced up-regulation of MHC class I and II on spleen cDCs and strongly prompted the proliferation of OVA-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 1375 | 24962751 | The results demonstrated that rTs-Hsp70 activated DC maturation that was characterized by the secretion of IL-1β, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the increased surface expression of CD11c, MHC II, CD40, CD80, and CD86. |
| 1376 | 24962751 | The rTs-Hsp70-activated DCs enabled the stimulation, proliferation and secretion of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., INF-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6) in CD4(+) T cells from T. spiralis-infected mice. |
| 1377 | 24962751 | This partial protection was correlated with Th1 and Th2 mixed anti-Ts-Hsp70-specific immune responses that included high titers of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and increased levels of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6). |
| 1378 | 24962751 | The results demonstrated that rTs-Hsp70 activated DC maturation that was characterized by the secretion of IL-1β, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the increased surface expression of CD11c, MHC II, CD40, CD80, and CD86. |
| 1379 | 24962751 | The rTs-Hsp70-activated DCs enabled the stimulation, proliferation and secretion of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., INF-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6) in CD4(+) T cells from T. spiralis-infected mice. |
| 1380 | 24962751 | This partial protection was correlated with Th1 and Th2 mixed anti-Ts-Hsp70-specific immune responses that included high titers of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and increased levels of Th1/2 cytokines (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6). |
| 1381 | 25019567 | Recombinant TB10.4 of Mycobacterium bovis induces cytokine production in RAW264.7 macrophages through activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways via TLR2. |
| 1382 | 25019567 | The TB10.4 antigen of Mycobacterium bovis/Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces a strong Th1 CD4+ T-cell response. |
| 1383 | 25019567 | Here, as stimulated RAW264.7 cells with recombinant TB10.4 (rTB10.4), derived from M. bovis, increased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 secretin in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 1384 | 25019567 | Blocking assays showed that TLR2-, but not TLR4-neutralizing antibody reduced expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 in RAW264.7 cells. rTB10.4 stimulation activated p38 kinase (p38) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) was TLR2-dependent, whereas inhibition of p38 and ERK activity significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 production. |
| 1385 | 25019567 | Furthermore, rTB10.4 stimulation of RAW264.7 cells resulted in TLR2-mediated activation of NF-κB and induced translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus via IκBα degradation. rTB10.4-induced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 release was attenuated by the specific IκB phosphorylation inhibitor, BAY 11-7082. |
| 1386 | 25019567 | These findings indicate that the M. bovis-derived rTB10.4 induced production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 involves p38, ERK and NF-κB via the TLR2 pathway. |
| 1387 | 25045812 | SA-4-1BBL as a single adjuvant had better efficacy than alum in generating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells producing TNFα and IFNγ, signature cytokines for Th1 responses. |
| 1388 | 25047384 | Here, we used Tbx21(-/-) mice deficient for T-bet, a regulator of Th1 CD4(+) T-cell differentiation, to examine the effect of Th1 CD4(+) T cells on the immune protection to nonlethal murine malaria Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL. |
| 1389 | 25047384 | However, Tbx21(-/-) mice produced greater numbers of Foxp3(+) CD25(+) regulatory CD4(+) T cells, which may contribute to the early contraction of T cells. |
| 1390 | 25058148 | Upon a single injection of LV-MHCII, naive mice mounted specific effector CD4 and CD8 T cell responses against the intracelllular transgene product with the generation of Th1 cytokines, development of in vivo cytotoxic activity and establishment of T cell immune memory. |
| 1391 | 25137044 | In addition, O-Ag-MBP stimulated cellular responses by recruiting Th1-biased CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells. |
| 1392 | 25205103 | The nucleosome-binding protein HMGN1 is a potent alarmin that binds TLR4 and induces antigen-specific Th1 immune responses, but its contributions to antitumor immunity have not been explored. |
| 1393 | 25205103 | Moreover, mice vaccinated with a DNA vector expressing an HMGN1-gp100 fusion protein manifested gp100-specific, Th1-polarized immune responses, acquiring resistance to challenge with mouse B16F1 melanoma. |
| 1394 | 25205103 | The nucleosome-binding protein HMGN1 is a potent alarmin that binds TLR4 and induces antigen-specific Th1 immune responses, but its contributions to antitumor immunity have not been explored. |
| 1395 | 25205103 | Moreover, mice vaccinated with a DNA vector expressing an HMGN1-gp100 fusion protein manifested gp100-specific, Th1-polarized immune responses, acquiring resistance to challenge with mouse B16F1 melanoma. |
| 1396 | 25252198 | Subcutaneous immunization with this HBHA formulation led to a marked Th1 response, characterized by high IFN-γ levels, but no significant IL-17 production, both in spleen and lung, in contrast to DDA/MPL MPL-formulated HBHA, which induced both IFN-γ and IL-17. |
| 1397 | 25268700 | Based on this, we have previously identified several Th1-stimulatory proteins of Leishmania donovani -triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and elongation factor-2 (EL-2) etc. including heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) which induced Th1-type of cellular responses in both cured Leishmania patients/hamsters. |
| 1398 | 25268700 | Therefore, in this study, we checked whether HSP70 can further enhance the immunogenicity and protective responses of the above said Th1-stimulatory proteins. |
| 1399 | 25268700 | Since, in most of the studies, immunogenicity of HSP70 of L. donovani was assessed in native condition, herein we generated recombinant HSP70 and tested its potential to stimulate immune responses in lymphocytes of cured Leishmania infected hamsters as well as in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cured patients of VL either individually or in combination with above mentioned recombinant proteins. rLdHSP70 alone elicited strong cellular responses along with remarkable up-regulation of IFN-γ and IL-12 cytokines and extremely lower level of IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 1400 | 25268700 | These observations indicated that vaccine(s) based on combination of HSP70 with Th1-stimulatory protein(s) may be a viable proposition against intracellular pathogens. |
| 1401 | 25268700 | Based on this, we have previously identified several Th1-stimulatory proteins of Leishmania donovani -triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and elongation factor-2 (EL-2) etc. including heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) which induced Th1-type of cellular responses in both cured Leishmania patients/hamsters. |
| 1402 | 25268700 | Therefore, in this study, we checked whether HSP70 can further enhance the immunogenicity and protective responses of the above said Th1-stimulatory proteins. |
| 1403 | 25268700 | Since, in most of the studies, immunogenicity of HSP70 of L. donovani was assessed in native condition, herein we generated recombinant HSP70 and tested its potential to stimulate immune responses in lymphocytes of cured Leishmania infected hamsters as well as in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cured patients of VL either individually or in combination with above mentioned recombinant proteins. rLdHSP70 alone elicited strong cellular responses along with remarkable up-regulation of IFN-γ and IL-12 cytokines and extremely lower level of IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 1404 | 25268700 | These observations indicated that vaccine(s) based on combination of HSP70 with Th1-stimulatory protein(s) may be a viable proposition against intracellular pathogens. |
| 1405 | 25268700 | Based on this, we have previously identified several Th1-stimulatory proteins of Leishmania donovani -triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and elongation factor-2 (EL-2) etc. including heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) which induced Th1-type of cellular responses in both cured Leishmania patients/hamsters. |
| 1406 | 25268700 | Therefore, in this study, we checked whether HSP70 can further enhance the immunogenicity and protective responses of the above said Th1-stimulatory proteins. |
| 1407 | 25268700 | Since, in most of the studies, immunogenicity of HSP70 of L. donovani was assessed in native condition, herein we generated recombinant HSP70 and tested its potential to stimulate immune responses in lymphocytes of cured Leishmania infected hamsters as well as in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cured patients of VL either individually or in combination with above mentioned recombinant proteins. rLdHSP70 alone elicited strong cellular responses along with remarkable up-regulation of IFN-γ and IL-12 cytokines and extremely lower level of IL-4 and IL-10. |
| 1408 | 25268700 | These observations indicated that vaccine(s) based on combination of HSP70 with Th1-stimulatory protein(s) may be a viable proposition against intracellular pathogens. |
| 1409 | 25376024 | Lm infection stimulated cytokine secretion [interleukin (IL)-12p70, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6] and Th-1 skewing of allogeneic naive CD4 T cells by HIV-moDCs, in contrast to the suppressive effects observed by HIV plasma on moDCs on toll-like receptor ligand stimulation. |
| 1410 | 25410055 | Vaccine molecules targeting Xcr1 on cross-presenting DCs induce protective CD8+ T-cell responses against influenza virus. |
| 1411 | 25410055 | Recent studies have indicated that the chemokine receptor Xcr1 is selectively expressed on cross-presenting murine CD8α(+) DCs, and that the expression is conserved on homologous DC subsets in humans (CD141(+) DCs), sheep (CD26(+) DCs), and macaques (CADM1(+) DCs). |
| 1412 | 25410055 | We therefore tested if targeting antigens to Xcr1 on cross-presenting DCs using antigen fused to Xcl1, the only known ligand for Xcr1, could enhance immune responses. |
| 1413 | 25410055 | DNA vaccines encoding dimeric Xcl1-hemagglutinin (HA) fusion proteins induced cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cell responses, and mediated full protection against a lethal challenge with influenza A virus. |
| 1414 | 25410055 | In addition to enhanced CD8(+) T-cell responses, targeting of antigen to Xcr1 induced CD4(+) Th1 responses and highly selective production of IgG2a antibodies. |
| 1415 | 25410055 | In conclusion, targeting of dimeric fusion vaccine molecules to CD8α(+) DCs using Xcl1 represents a novel and promising method for induction of protective CD8(+) T-cell responses. |
| 1416 | 25424922 | Vaccination with all 5 constructs elicited robust antigen-specific IFN-γ responses to all encoded esx antigens and induced multifunctional CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cell responses. |
| 1417 | 25424925 | The high levels of interleukin-10(IL-10) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) showed that P1 protein induced Th1 and Th2 immune responses. |
| 1418 | 25424936 | Virus-like particles presenting interleukin-33 molecules: immunization characteristics and potentials of blockingIL-33/ST2 pathway in allergic airway inflammation. |
| 1419 | 25424936 | The VLPs induced sustained and high titers of IL-33-specific IgG and IgA even without the use of a conventional adjuvant, and the lowered ratio of IgG1/IgG2a in vaccinated mice indicated a shift from Th2 to Th1-like responses. |
| 1420 | 25424936 | To assess the vaccine effects on blocking the signaling of IL-33/ST2 pathway, mice receiving 3 vaccinations subjected to intraperitoneal sensitization and intranasal challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). |
| 1421 | 25424936 | Our data indicate that IL-33 molecule-based vaccine, which may block IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway on a persistent basis, holds potential for treatment of asthma and, by extension, other diseases where overexpressed IL-33 plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis. |
| 1422 | 25424948 | Matrix M(TM) adjuvanted virosomal H5N1 vaccine induces balanced Th1/Th2 CD4(+) T cell responses in man. |
| 1423 | 25424948 | In the current study, we evaluated the ability of a candidate virosomal H5N1 vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M(TM) to induce CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in a phase 1 clinical trial. |
| 1424 | 25424948 | An increase in CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 cytokines was detected 21 days after the first vaccine dose. |
| 1425 | 25424948 | Matrix M(TM) adjuvanted virosomal H5N1 vaccine induces balanced Th1/Th2 CD4(+) T cell responses in man. |
| 1426 | 25424948 | In the current study, we evaluated the ability of a candidate virosomal H5N1 vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M(TM) to induce CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in a phase 1 clinical trial. |
| 1427 | 25424948 | An increase in CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 cytokines was detected 21 days after the first vaccine dose. |
| 1428 | 25498563 | Immunological consequences of stress-related proteins--cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase and chaperonin TCP20--identified in splenic amastigotes of Leishmania donovani as Th1 stimulatory, in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. |
| 1429 | 25498563 | In earlier studies, proteomic characterization of splenic amastigote fractions from clinical isolates of Leishmania donovani, exhibiting significant cellular responses in cured Leishmania subjects, led to the identification of cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase (LdcTryP) and chaperonin-TCP20 (LdTCP20) as Th1-stimulatory proteins. |
| 1430 | 25498563 | Immunological consequences of stress-related proteins--cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase and chaperonin TCP20--identified in splenic amastigotes of Leishmania donovani as Th1 stimulatory, in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. |
| 1431 | 25498563 | In earlier studies, proteomic characterization of splenic amastigote fractions from clinical isolates of Leishmania donovani, exhibiting significant cellular responses in cured Leishmania subjects, led to the identification of cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase (LdcTryP) and chaperonin-TCP20 (LdTCP20) as Th1-stimulatory proteins. |
| 1432 | 25503988 | IL-28B, a member of the interferon (IFN)-λ family, has variable expression due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). |
| 1433 | 25503988 | While type-I IFNs are well known to modulate adaptive immunity, the impact of IL-28B on B- and T-cell vaccine responses is unclear. |
| 1434 | 25503988 | In vitro, recombinant IL-28B increased Th1-cytokines (e.g. |
| 1435 | 25503988 | IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), H1N1-stimulated B-cell proliferation (reduced 70%), and IgG-production (reduced>70%). |
| 1436 | 25503988 | Since IL-28B inhibited B-cell responses, we designed antagonistic peptides to block the IL-28 receptor α-subunit (IL28RA). |
| 1437 | 25615236 | The BM-AuNPs also induce an elevated production of interferon gamma (INFγ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), but not interleukin-4 (IL-4), indicating its capability of generating strong Th1 and Th17 biased cell responses against the source bacteria. |
| 1438 | 25656504 | Originally associated with Th2 immunity, new evidence now supports the role of two IL-33 isoforms to facilitate the generation of protective Th1 and CD8 T cell immunity against specific pathogens. |
| 1439 | 25659267 | These promote CD4(+) T cell responses with a non-protective Th2 component, while protective immune mechanisms to B. pertussis may rather involve long-lived Th1/Th17 type CD4(+) T cells. |
| 1440 | 25692288 | The latter was apparent from up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules and from secretion of a wide range of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including the Th1-governing cytokine IL-12, in keeping with the IgG2a antibody isotype distribution. |
| 1441 | 25763999 | Here, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with anti-CII IgG antibodies, quantified the expression levels of Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokines, and performed flow cytometric analyses of different T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Tc, Ts, Treg, and CD4(+)CD29(+)T cells to systemically evaluate humoral and cellular immune responses to pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine in normal rats. |
| 1442 | 25763999 | Furthermore, no significant changes were observed in the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12(IL-23p40), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, regulated on activation in normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in vaccinated normal rats relative to that in controls(P > 0.05). |
| 1443 | 25763999 | However, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels were significantly increased on days 10 and 14, while interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were significantly decreased on days 28 and 35 after vaccination(P < 0.05). |
| 1444 | 25763999 | Similarly, there were no significant differences in the percentages of Tc, Ts, Th1/Th2, and Th17 cells between the 2 groups(P > 0.05), with the exception of Treg cells, which were significantly reduced on days 14 and 21 after vaccination (P < 0.05), and CD4(+)CD29(+)T cells, which were significantly increased on days 7 and 14 after vaccination(P < 0.05).Taken together, these results suggested that pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine did not markedly affect the balance of immune system components in vaccinated normal rats, indicating that this DNA vaccine may have clinical applications in the treatment of RA. |
| 1445 | 25763999 | Here, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with anti-CII IgG antibodies, quantified the expression levels of Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokines, and performed flow cytometric analyses of different T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Tc, Ts, Treg, and CD4(+)CD29(+)T cells to systemically evaluate humoral and cellular immune responses to pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine in normal rats. |
| 1446 | 25763999 | Furthermore, no significant changes were observed in the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12(IL-23p40), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, regulated on activation in normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in vaccinated normal rats relative to that in controls(P > 0.05). |
| 1447 | 25763999 | However, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels were significantly increased on days 10 and 14, while interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were significantly decreased on days 28 and 35 after vaccination(P < 0.05). |
| 1448 | 25763999 | Similarly, there were no significant differences in the percentages of Tc, Ts, Th1/Th2, and Th17 cells between the 2 groups(P > 0.05), with the exception of Treg cells, which were significantly reduced on days 14 and 21 after vaccination (P < 0.05), and CD4(+)CD29(+)T cells, which were significantly increased on days 7 and 14 after vaccination(P < 0.05).Taken together, these results suggested that pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine did not markedly affect the balance of immune system components in vaccinated normal rats, indicating that this DNA vaccine may have clinical applications in the treatment of RA. |
| 1449 | 25772201 | It has been reported that glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR) and its ligand (GITRL) are involved in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. |
| 1450 | 25772201 | However, significantly higher levels of CD4(+)Th1, Th2 and CD8(+)IFN-γ(+)T cells were found in the pIRES/VP1/mGITRL group compared with control groups. |
| 1451 | 25875115 | Moreover, mice from the intranasally immunized tuftsin group (HE-ORF2-tuftsin + HA-VP1-tuftsin + CpG) showed higher levels of IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes (Th1 response) and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells than those of the no-tuftsin group (HE-ORF2 + HA-VP1 + CpG). |
| 1452 | 25905680 | Our results demonstrated that DMT liposome-adjuvanted CTT3H vaccine not only induced an antigen-specific CD4(+) Th1 response, but also raised the number of PPD- and CTT3H-specific IFN-γ(+) CD8(+) T cells and elicited strong CTL responses against TB10.4, which provided more effective protection against a 60 CFU M. tuberculosis aerosol challenge than PBS control and DMT adjuvant alone. |
| 1453 | 25942359 | A novel recombinant BCG-expressing pro-apoptotic protein BAX enhances Th1 protective immune responses in mice. |
| 1454 | 25942359 | In addition, it significantly enhanced Ag85B-specific IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot responses, IFN-γ secretion, IL-2 secretion and the ratio of Ag85B-specific IgG2b/IgG1, and it significantly decreased Ag85B-specific IL-4. |
| 1455 | 25942359 | In conclusion, these results suggest that the rBCG::BAX strain elicited predominantly a Th1 protective immune responses and might be a potential tuberculosis vaccine candidate for further study. |
| 1456 | 25942359 | A novel recombinant BCG-expressing pro-apoptotic protein BAX enhances Th1 protective immune responses in mice. |
| 1457 | 25942359 | In addition, it significantly enhanced Ag85B-specific IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot responses, IFN-γ secretion, IL-2 secretion and the ratio of Ag85B-specific IgG2b/IgG1, and it significantly decreased Ag85B-specific IL-4. |
| 1458 | 25942359 | In conclusion, these results suggest that the rBCG::BAX strain elicited predominantly a Th1 protective immune responses and might be a potential tuberculosis vaccine candidate for further study. |
| 1459 | 25959574 | After challenge with E. tarda, live cell (LC)-vaccinated fish showed high survival rates, high IFN-g and T-bet gene expression levels, and increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). |
| 1460 | 25959574 | In addition, FKC vaccination induced high IL-4/13A and IL-10 expression levels and increased antibody titers, whereas Th1-like responses were suppressed. |
| 1461 | 25974877 | Mechanistically, the immune protection was attributed to stronger antigen-specific CD4(+) Th1 responses, higher numbers of IFN-γ(+) CD4(+) TEM and IL-2(+) CD8(+) TCM cells elicited by ABX. |
| 1462 | 26021827 | Endotoxin-minimized HIV-1 p24 fused to murine hsp70 activates dendritic cells, facilitates endocytosis and p24-specific Th1 response in mice. |
| 1463 | 26021827 | An efficacious vaccine preventing HIV-1 infection should induce (1) antibodies neutralizing HIV-1 Env protein, preventing virus spreading and (2) CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) T cells specific to viral proteins, especially gag p24, important for elimination of HIV-1 infected cells. |
| 1464 | 26021827 | In this study, a p24 protein fused to the C- or N-terminus of murine hsp70 was produced as a recombinant protein and administered without any adjuvant to experimental BALB/c mice. |
| 1465 | 26021827 | In addition, endocytosis of p24 fused to hsp70 by dendritic cells and their activation were characterized. |
| 1466 | 26021827 | The fusion to hsp70 protein enhanced endocytosis of p24 as well as activation of dendritic cells in vitro. |
| 1467 | 26021827 | After immunization of mice, hsp70-p24 fusion protein induced the strongest p24-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (IFN-γ production) and humoral (IgG2b) responses corresponding to Th1 type dominance, whereas p24-hsp70 or p24 itself induced weaker responses. |
| 1468 | 26026061 | Compared to mice vaccinated with pDC or control mice, mice vaccinated with mDCs generate a robust Th1 type immune response, characterized by high frequency of CD4(+)T-bet(+) T cells and CD8(+)SIINFEKEL(+) T cells. |
| 1469 | 26091147 | One alarmin cytokine, interleukin 33 (IL-33), has now been implicated in the development of both CD4(+) TH1 and CD8(+) T cell immunity. |
| 1470 | 26091147 | Furthermore, these enhanced responses were characterized by higher frequencies of Ag85B-specific, multifunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. |
| 1471 | 26091147 | Vaccination with IL-33 also increased the ability of the Ag85B-specific CD8(+) T cells to undergo degranulation and to secrete IFNγ and TNFα cytokines. |
| 1472 | 26093207 | Furthermore, significant induction of TLR9, Mx and IL-1β was observed in the spleen on day 7 post-vaccination, supporting that the vaccine could trigger TLR9 signaling. |
| 1473 | 26093207 | Interestingly, at week 2 the ODN appeared to induce a Th1-like response, as indicated by upregulation of T-bet (a Th1 marker) and downregulation of GATA-3 (a Th2 marker). |
| 1474 | 26111521 | Enhanced protection was accompanied by increased multifunctional Th1 CD4(+) T cell responses, most notably by an elevated frequency of M. tuberculosis antigen-specific IL-2-producing CD4(+) T cells post-vaccination. |
| 1475 | 26122641 | mTOR regulates TLR-induced c-fos and Th1 responses to HBV and HCV vaccines. |
| 1476 | 26122641 | In particular, PI3K, ERK, and mTOR play critical roles in the TLR-induced Th1 response by regulating IL-12 and IL-10 production in innate immune cells. |
| 1477 | 26122641 | Moreover, we identified c-fos as a key molecule that mediates mTOR-regulated IL-12 and IL-10 expression in TLR signaling. |
| 1478 | 26122641 | Mechanistically, mTOR plays a crucial role in c-fos expression, thereby modulating NFκB binding to promoters of IL-12 and IL-10. |
| 1479 | 26122641 | Taken together, these results reveal a novel mechanism through which mTOR regulates TLR-induced IL-12 and IL-10 production, contributing new insights for strategies to improve vaccine efficacy. |
| 1480 | 26257735 | Here, we discuss how targeting of hemagglutinin to MHC class II molecules increases Th2 and IgG1 antibody responses, whereas targeting to chemokine receptors XCR1 or CCR1/3/5 increases Th1 and IgG2a responses, in addition to CD8(+) T cell responses. |
| 1481 | 26289530 | Interestingly, XHL in conjunction with inactivated FMD vaccine activated strong Th1 and Tc1 cell responses, especially Tfh cell responses, in immunized mice. |
| 1482 | 26289530 | XHL stimulated dendritic cell maturation by upregulating expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) molecules and co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 in immunized mice. |
| 1483 | 26363555 | The rBCG::XB not only elicited the more durable multistage antigen-specific CD4(+)Th1-biased immune responses and specific polyfunctional CD4(+)T cells but also augmented the CD8(+) CTL effects against Ag85B in vivo. |
| 1484 | 26363555 | In particular, higher levels of CD4(+) TEM and CD8(+) TCM cells, dominated by IL2(+) CD4(+) and CD8(+) TCM cells, were obtained in the spleen of rBCG::XB vaccinated mice. |
| 1485 | 26380316 | The adsorption into alum of prototypic TLR4 agonists such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli consistently dampened TT-induced Th2 activities without inducing IFNγ or Th1-like responses in the lung. |
| 1486 | 26380316 | Conversely, adsorption of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) extracted from Salmonella minnesota, which is a TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β- (TRIF-) biased TLR4 agonist, was less effective in decreasing Th-2 responses. |
| 1487 | 26399380 | When antigens are presented by APCs, including macrophages and DCs, T cells are activated and produce the Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ. |