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PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
11325600
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Influenza A virus infection results in the production of chemotactic (RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, MCP-1, MCP-3, and IP-10), pro-inflammatory (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-alpha), and antiviral (IFN-alpha/beta) cytokines.
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2 |
11325600
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Cytokine gene expression is associated with the activation of NF-kappa B, AP-1, STAT and IRF signal transducing molecules in influenza A virus-infected cells.
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3 |
11325600
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IFN-alpha/beta also prolongs T cell survival, upregulates IL-12 and IL-18 receptor gene expression and together with IL-18 stimulates NK and T cell IFN-gamma production and the development of Th1-type immune response.
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4 |
12615431
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We have been investigating the adjuvant properties of two super-activated interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs), IRF-3(5D) and IRF7/3A, identified in our previous studies of structure-function relationships, for enhancing plasmid vaccines.
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5 |
12615431
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Intramuscular injection of plasmid cocktails encoding IRF-3(5D) and IRF7/3A molecules elicited cytotoxic T cell responses in over 80% of mice following a single immunization compared to a 20% response-rate using a control cocktail.
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6 |
18516301
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Compared to rhMPV-WT, rhMPV-Delta G also increased IRF- and NF-kappaB-dependent gene transcription, which was reversely inhibited by G protein expression.
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7 |
18516301
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Since RNA helicases have been shown to play a fundamental role in initiating viral-induced cellular signaling, we investigated whether retinoic induced gene (RIG)-I was the target of G protein inhibitory activity.
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8 |
18723827
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CSC costimulation enhanced RSV-induced activation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 and IRF-7, which bind to the ISRE site.
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9 |
18723827
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CSC also furthered RSV-induced activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), as shown by increased NF-kappaB DNA binding to its specific site of the IL-8 promoter and increased NF-kappaB-driven gene transcription.
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10 |
18941233
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DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors (IRF; DAI, also known as ZBP1 or DLM-1) is a cytosolic DNA sensor that initiates IRF3 and NF-kappaB pathways leading to activation of type I IFNs (IFNalpha, IFNbeta) and other cytokines.
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11 |
18941233
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In this study, induction of NF-kappaB is shown to depend on the adaptor receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP)1, acting via a RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM)-dependent interaction with DAI.
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12 |
18941233
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DAI binds to and colocalizes with endogenous RIP1 at characteristic cytoplasmic granules.
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13 |
18941233
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Suppression of RIP1 expression by RNAi abrogates NF-kappaB activation as well as IFNbeta induction by immunostimulatory DNA.
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14 |
18941233
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DAI also interacts with RIP3 and this interaction potentiates DAI-mediated activation of NF-kappaB, implicating RIP3 in regulating this RHIM-dependent pathway.
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15 |
18941233
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The role of DAI in activation of NF-kappaB in response to immunostimulatory DNA appears to be analogous to sensing of dsRNA by TLR3 in that both pathways involve RHIM-dependent signaling that is mediated via RIP1, reinforcing a central role for this adaptor in innate sensing of intracellular microbes.
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16 |
20432465
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Here we report an approach to enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines involving the use of transcription factors of the Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, specifically IRF-1, IRF-3, and IRF-7 using the tat gene as model antigen.
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17 |
20432465
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In vivo administration of plasmid DNA encoding IRF-1, or a mutated version of IRF-1 deleted of the DNA-binding domain, enhanced Tat-specific immune responses and shifted them towards a predominant T helper 1-type immune response with increased IFN-gamma production and cytotoxic T lymphocytes responses.
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18 |
20432465
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Conversely, the use of IRF-3 or IRF-7 did not affect the tat-induced responses.
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19 |
23405128
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In the presence of IC31® the differentiation of inflammatory CD1a(+) moDCs and the secretion of chemokines, TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines was inhibited but the production of IFNβ was increased.
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20 |
23405128
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Furthermore, long term incubation of moDCs with IC31® caused significantly higher expression of IRF and IFN genes than a single 24 hr treatment.
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21 |
24043884
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The roles of IRF-3 and IRF-7 in innate antiviral immunity against dengue virus.
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22 |
24043884
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We investigated the roles of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and IRF-7 in innate antiviral immunity against dengue virus (DENV).
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23 |
24043884
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IFN-α/β was induced similarly in wild-type and Irf-3(-/-) mice post-DENV infection, whereas in the Irf-7(-/-) and Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice, significantly low levels of IFN-α/β expression was observed within 24 hpi.
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24 |
24043884
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IFN-stimulated gene induction was also delayed in Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice relative to wild-type and single-deficient mice.
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25 |
24043884
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In particular, Cxcl10 and Ifnα2 were rapidly induced independently of both IRF-3 and IRF-7 in the Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice with DENV infection.
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26 |
24043884
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Higher levels of serum IFN-γ, IL-6, CXCL10, IL-8, IL-12 p70, and TNF were also observed in Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice 24 hpi, at which time point viral titers peaked and started to be cleared.
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27 |
24043884
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Ab-mediated blockade experiments revealed that IFN-γ, CXCL10, and CXCR3 function to restrict DENV replication in Irf-3(-/-)7(-/-) mice.
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28 |
24043884
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Additionally, the IFN-stimulated genes Cxcl10, Ifit1, Ifit3, and Mx2 can be induced via an IRF-3- and IRF-7-independent pathway that does not involve IFN-γ signaling for protection against DENV.
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29 |
24043884
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Collectively, these results demonstrate that IRF-3 and IRF-7 are redundant, albeit IRF-7 plays a more important role than IRF-3 in inducing the initial IFN-α/β response; only the combined actions of IRF-3 and IRF-7 are necessary for efficient control of early DENV infection; and the late, IRF-3- and IRF-7-independent pathway contributes to anti-DENV immunity.
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