Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: ACPP

Gene name: acid phosphatase, prostate

HGNC ID: 125

Synonyms: ACP3, ACP-3

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ABO	1 hits
2	ACHE	1 hits
3	ACLY	1 hits
4	ACP1	1 hits
5	ACP5	1 hits
6	ADA	1 hits
7	AIP	1 hits
8	AK2	1 hits
9	ALPI	1 hits
10	ALPP	1 hits
11	AMY1A	1 hits
12	ARSH	1 hits
13	AVP	1 hits
14	BGLAP	1 hits
15	CA2	1 hits
16	CALCR	1 hits
17	CASP3	1 hits
18	CD36	1 hits
19	CEACAM5	1 hits
20	COL1A1	1 hits
21	CSF1	1 hits
22	CSF1R	1 hits
23	CSF2	1 hits
24	CTSB	1 hits
25	CTSD	1 hits
26	CTSK	1 hits
27	DGAT1	1 hits
28	DLD	1 hits
29	ELN	1 hits
30	FOS	1 hits
31	FUCA1	1 hits
32	G6PD	1 hits
33	GAA	1 hits
34	GPT	1 hits
35	HEXA	1 hits
36	HLA-P	1 hits
37	HP	1 hits
38	IGF1	1 hits
39	INS	1 hits
40	INSR	1 hits
41	JUN	1 hits
42	KLK3	1 hits
43	LPIN1	1 hits
44	MPO	1 hits
45	NAGLU	1 hits
46	NDUFAB1	1 hits
47	NFKB1	1 hits
48	PKLR	1 hits
49	PLCB1	1 hits
50	PPA1	1 hits
51	PRL	1 hits
52	PTH	1 hits
53	SLC37A4	1 hits
54	SPP1	1 hits
55	TGFA	1 hits
56	TNFRSF11A	1 hits
57	TNFRSF11B	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	117108	No significant associations are seen when the MNSs, Kell, Lewis, Duffy, haptoglobin, red cell acid phosphatase, phosphoglucomutase, adenylate kinase, and adenosine deaminase distributions in these groups of subjects are compared
2	148980	Enyzmes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, and lysosomal N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase.
3	148980	Acid phosphatase and N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase activities were reduced markedly in histochemical studies of diabetic aortas at all time periods and were restored by insulin treatment.
4	621091	Nine genetic polymorphic systems (ACP1, PGM1, ADA, AK, G-6-PD, Hp, ABO, Rh, MN), were studied in a series of 138 subjects affected by JOD.
5	621091	Differences between diabetic patients and controls were observed in the distribution of phenotypes of the red cell acid phosphatase (ACP1), and the ABO and MN blood groups.
6	622887	The levels of heat-labile alkaline phosphatase (HLAP), heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) and acid phosphatase (AcP) were determined and compared to the enzyme levels in 179 samples from women with normal pregnancies of corresponding gestational ages.
7	622887	HSAP and AcP showed increased activity at term.
8	622887	HSAP was decreased (p less than 0.01) in isoimmunization between the 36th and 40th week. 11 cases of toxaemia with placental insufficiency showed no differences in the levels of HLAP and HSAP compared with normal pregnancy.
9	622887	Some samples had normal enzyme levels, some had high levels of HLAP only and some had high levels of HSAP and AcP.
10	657443	Enzymes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase, and lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase.
11	657443	After 6 or 12 weeks of hypertension, specific activities of all enzymes measured were significantly increased, levels ranging from 24% above normal for cathepsin C to 351% above normal for N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase.
12	657443	In every instance, histochemical studies of aortas showed acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities which corresponded to the biochemical findings.
13	946560	Acid phosphatase activity in the rat neurohypophysis during increased levels of gonadothrophic hormones, in diabetes insipidus (Bratteboro strain) and after water loading.
14	946560	Neurohypophyseal acid phosphatase activity expressed on a dry weight basis increased under all conditions.
15	946560	Acid phosphatase activity in the rat neurohypophysis during increased levels of gonadothrophic hormones, in diabetes insipidus (Bratteboro strain) and after water loading.
16	946560	Neurohypophyseal acid phosphatase activity expressed on a dry weight basis increased under all conditions.
17	1269840	Studies have been carried out on activities of lysosomal beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (hex), beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), alpha-glucosidase (alpha-glu), and acid phosphatase (AP) in serum and urine from patients with juvenile diabetes and matched controls.
18	1506036	Administration of it at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight decreased significantly the concentration of serum lipids, blood glucose and activities of serum enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase and liver glucose-6-phosphatase.
19	1667646	Specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was suppressed in caput epididymidis and in the spermatozoa collected from caput and cauda epididymides, while the acid phosphatase was unaffected.
20	2066107	Evidence of selective interaction between adenosine deaminase and acid phosphatase polymorphisms in fetuses carried by diabetic women.
21	2066107	Possible selective interaction between genetic polymorphisms of acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been investigated in a sample of 211 infants from diabetic women, and in 350 consecutive infants from normal women.
22	2066107	Evidence of selective interaction between adenosine deaminase and acid phosphatase polymorphisms in fetuses carried by diabetic women.
23	2066107	Possible selective interaction between genetic polymorphisms of acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been investigated in a sample of 211 infants from diabetic women, and in 350 consecutive infants from normal women.
24	2163615	Therefore, we characterized phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activities, enzymes catalysing the final steps in the re-esterification of fatty acids to triacylglycerols in the isolated rat heart.
25	2163615	In contrast with diabetes, low-flow ischaemia during 30 min did not affect PAP and DGAT activity in rat hearts.
26	2163615	The role of PAP and DGAT activity and PAP distribution in the myocardial glucose/fatty acid cycle is discussed.
27	2163615	Therefore, we characterized phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activities, enzymes catalysing the final steps in the re-esterification of fatty acids to triacylglycerols in the isolated rat heart.
28	2163615	In contrast with diabetes, low-flow ischaemia during 30 min did not affect PAP and DGAT activity in rat hearts.
29	2163615	The role of PAP and DGAT activity and PAP distribution in the myocardial glucose/fatty acid cycle is discussed.
30	2163615	Therefore, we characterized phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activities, enzymes catalysing the final steps in the re-esterification of fatty acids to triacylglycerols in the isolated rat heart.
31	2163615	In contrast with diabetes, low-flow ischaemia during 30 min did not affect PAP and DGAT activity in rat hearts.
32	2163615	The role of PAP and DGAT activity and PAP distribution in the myocardial glucose/fatty acid cycle is discussed.
33	2336924	In control pancreas, some enzyme activities (EA) were more prominent in Langerhans islets [glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (DH), isocitrate DH, glycerol-3-phosphate DH, NADPH DH], others were strongly marked in acini and ducts (alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, acid esterase aryl-sulfatase).
34	2336924	Histochemical and enzyme abnormalities observed in experimental rabbits reflect the post-ligation degenerative and reactive processes in both exocrine and endocrine pancreas: (1) the decrease in Krebs cycle and pentose pathway linked EA and the increased lysosomal and acid phosphatase EA reflect early (day 5) degeneration and necrosis of islets and acini (day 30); (2) proliferative processes in developed ductal epithelia are shown by an increase in both glycolytic and lysosomal EA (days 30 and 90); (3) connective tissue neogenesis and interstitial fibrosis occurred as shown by activated beta-glucuronidase, aryl-sulfatase, alkaline phosphatase and increased ribonucleoproteins and glycoaminoglycans contents (day 30); (4) on day 90, the neoformed cell clusters presenting glucose-6-phosphatase positivity (B-cell marker) are seen in the pancreas remnant.
35	2559547	Alloxan at concentrations 100 microM-10 mM inhibited acid phosphatase and especially alkaline phosphatase.
36	2581866	The following tests were made: content of glycogen and lipids, acid phosphatase (AP), alkaline phosphatase (AIP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nonspecific alpha-naphtol acetate esterase (NANAE) activity.
37	2958002	At 8 weeks of the disease, decreased activities of NAG and Gal were observed in heart homogenates but no changes were apparent in alpha-mannosidase (Man) or acid phosphatase activities.
38	2958002	At 16 weeks of the diabetic condition, increased activities of NAG, Gal and acid phosphatase were observed.
39	2958002	At 8 weeks of the disease, decreased activities of NAG and Gal were observed in heart homogenates but no changes were apparent in alpha-mannosidase (Man) or acid phosphatase activities.
40	2958002	At 16 weeks of the diabetic condition, increased activities of NAG, Gal and acid phosphatase were observed.
41	3072144	Such islets showed, furthermore, enhanced activities of the enzymes acid phosphatase and neutral alpha-glucosidase but not of acid amyloglucosidase, acid alpha-glucosidase or N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase.
42	3101378	In diabetic patients periodic acid Schiff positivity, acid phosphatase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities of lymphocytes are fairly impaired, particularly in insulin-dependent diabetes.
43	3101378	In patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes we have found a further decrease in alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase activity, and an increase in acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities.
44	3101378	In diabetic patients periodic acid Schiff positivity, acid phosphatase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities of lymphocytes are fairly impaired, particularly in insulin-dependent diabetes.
45	3101378	In patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes we have found a further decrease in alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase activity, and an increase in acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities.
46	3208681	Foetal macrosomia and erythrocyte acid phosphatase (ACP1) polymorphism in diabetic and normal pregnancy.
47	3208681	Both in diabetic and in normal pregnancy the proportion of macrosomic fetuses is much lower among newborns carrying Pc allele of erythrocyte acid phosphatase (ACP1) than among other ACP1 genotypes.
48	3208681	Foetal macrosomia and erythrocyte acid phosphatase (ACP1) polymorphism in diabetic and normal pregnancy.
49	3208681	Both in diabetic and in normal pregnancy the proportion of macrosomic fetuses is much lower among newborns carrying Pc allele of erythrocyte acid phosphatase (ACP1) than among other ACP1 genotypes.
50	3322635	Thus the activities of the acid phosphatase, (+57%; p less than 0.02) the hexosaminidase N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, (+52%; p less than 0.001), and the carboxyl proteinase cathepsin D (+41%; p less than 0.001), were all enhanced after diazoxide, whereas the activity of another lysosomal enzyme, the glycogen hydrolysing acid amyloglucosidase, was not altered by diazoxide treatment.
51	3531386	The activities of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40), C1-fructose 1.6-diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) and the excretion values for sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and glucose were higher than in fasted nondiabetic rats. beta-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21), potassium, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, and urine volume showed no differences between fasted diabetic and fasted control animals.
52	3531386	Lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, beta-glucosidase, C1-fructose 1.6-diphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) were increased and gamma-glutamyltransferase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) showed no change.
53	3531386	The activities of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40), C1-fructose 1.6-diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) and the excretion values for sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and glucose were higher than in fasted nondiabetic rats. beta-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21), potassium, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, and urine volume showed no differences between fasted diabetic and fasted control animals.
54	3531386	Lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, beta-glucosidase, C1-fructose 1.6-diphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) were increased and gamma-glutamyltransferase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) showed no change.
55	3609421	Platelets from diabetic subjects contained only 50% of the alpha-L-fucosidase activity and about 60% of the acid phosphatase, beta-D-galactosidase, and beta-D-glucosidase activities of platelets from non-diabetic individuals; the differences were statistically significant.
56	4945986	[Some regularities in the distribution of zinc, insulin and acid phosphatase in the islands of Langerhans of rabbits during the development of diabetes produced by selective injury of B cells].
57	6113206	Activities of serum acid phosphatase (ACP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in red cells show significant increase.
58	6132847	There were no significant differences between the diabetic and control rat liver microsomes in the activities of UDP N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphatase, UDP galactose pyrophosphatase, or CMP sialic acid phosphatase.
59	6132847	These results are discussed in relation to our previously reported alterations in glycosyltransferase activities, and plasma membrane glycoprotein composition in the livers of rats made insulin-resistant by a carbohydrate-free, high-fat diet and to the observation of Carter and his colleagues (FEBS Lett. 1979; 104:389-92.) that streptozotocin diabetes alters the glycoprotein composition of rat liver plasma membranes.
60	6346292	[Acid phosphatase in the lymphocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus treated with insulin and oral antidiabetics].
61	6611154	However, there were no such differences in the levels of acid phosphatase or alpha-amylase.
62	6780237	The hearts were excised, homogenized, and the following enzymatic activities measured: N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-glucosaminidase, aryl sulphatase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta glucosidase, total p-nitrophenyl phosphatase, acid phosphatase and 5'-phosphodiesterase type IV.
63	7421126	Following anesthesia, the hearts were excised, homogenized, and the following enzymatic activities measured: N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-glucosaminidase, aryl sulfatase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, total rho-nitrophenyl phosphatase, acid phosphatase. and 5'-phosphodiesterase type IV.
64	7421126	All enzyme activity is depressed significantly during the 9- to 21-week interval: alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-galactosidase, acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, 5'-phosphodiesterase type IV, and total rho-nitrophenyl phosphatase are reduced approximately 10 to 20 per cent, whereas beta-glucosaminidase, aryl sulfatase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase are decreased almost 40 to 50 per cent.
65	7421126	Following anesthesia, the hearts were excised, homogenized, and the following enzymatic activities measured: N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-glucosaminidase, aryl sulfatase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, total rho-nitrophenyl phosphatase, acid phosphatase. and 5'-phosphodiesterase type IV.
66	7421126	All enzyme activity is depressed significantly during the 9- to 21-week interval: alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-galactosidase, acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, 5'-phosphodiesterase type IV, and total rho-nitrophenyl phosphatase are reduced approximately 10 to 20 per cent, whereas beta-glucosaminidase, aryl sulfatase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase are decreased almost 40 to 50 per cent.
67	7681242	In these same subjects serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), testosterone, prolactin and cortisol concentrations were assessed.
68	7681242	The use of NK activity data as a probe for tumor metastases was found to be statistically as reliable as was the application of the PSA serotest (but not serum PAP concentrations).
69	7681242	In these same subjects serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), testosterone, prolactin and cortisol concentrations were assessed.
70	7681242	The use of NK activity data as a probe for tumor metastases was found to be statistically as reliable as was the application of the PSA serotest (but not serum PAP concentrations).
71	7686362	Serial measurements of tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS), PSA, PAP and CEA serotest values in treated patients with primary and metastatic prostate cancer.
72	7686362	Serum TPS values were compared with respective blood prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and testosterone levels in a retrospective manner.
73	7686362	Serial measurements of tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS), PSA, PAP and CEA serotest values in treated patients with primary and metastatic prostate cancer.
74	7686362	Serum TPS values were compared with respective blood prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and testosterone levels in a retrospective manner.
75	7687825	We observed that, similar to glucose-induced insulin release, islet glycogenolytic hydrolases (acid amyloglucosidase, acid alpha-glucosidase) were highly Ca2+ dependent.
76	7687825	Acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, or neutral alpha-glucosidase (endoplasmic reticulum) was not influenced by Ca2+ deficiency.
77	7929029	We demonstrate here that the inhibition of DNA binding by BEF-1 dephosphorylated with potato acid phosphatase or calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase was reversed by sodium orthovanadate, a specific inhibitor of phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatases.
78	7950501	Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, quantified by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and biochemical bone remodeling markers (serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline) have been studied in 94 patients with diabetes mellitus aged 18-62 years.
79	7996492	Beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were not altered in diabetics, compared to that in control subjects.
80	8055373	There was no difference in plasma values of calcium, phosphorus, osteocalcin, or tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase between groups or differences in osteoblast numbers in histologic sections.
81	8620937	Low molecular weight acid phosphatase encoded by the highly polymorphic locus ACP1 is a member of the protein-tyrosin phosphatase family (PTPases) which plays an essential role in the control of receptor signalling through phosphotyrosine pathways.
82	8620937	Recent experiments have shown that purified rat liver ACP, corresponding to human ACP1, is able to hydrolyze a phosphotyrosine-containing synthetic peptide corresponding to the 1146-1158 sequence of the human insulin receptor, and shows a high affinity for it.
83	8620937	This prompted us to analyze the degree of glycemic control in relation to ACP1 genetic variability in a sample of 214 diabetic pregnant women including IDDM, NIDDM and gestational diabetes.
84	8620937	The data suggest that quantitative variations of ACP1 may influence the clinical manifestations of diabetic disorders, and call for further studies on the role of this enzyme in the modulation of insulin-receptor phosphotyrosine pathways.
85	8705284	The activity of all principal groups of lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, lipase, beta-galactosidase, sulphatase and cathepsin B) was measured in the visual cortex of rabbits with experimental diabetes.
86	8835919	Because of the previous controversial findings in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we measured bone-mineral density (BMD) by two different methods, studied biochemical markers of bone remodeling and calciotropic hormones (parathyroid hormone and calcitonin) in women with NIDDM, and compared the results with age-matched controls.
87	8835919	Biochemical markers of bone remodeling included plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin (BGP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), and 24-h urine calcium, hydroxyproline.
88	9137941	Markers of bone turnover (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide, collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) were measured at baseline.
89	9185275	Insulin exposure reduced phospholipase C and acid phosphatase activities of B. pseudomallei but did not affect those enzymatic activities of B. cepacia in the employed experimental conditions.
90	9198310	Low-molecular-weight acid phosphatase (ACP1), obesity, and blood lipid levels in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
91	9198310	Low-molecular-weight acid phosphatase (ACP1) is a polymorphic protein-tyrosine phosphatase present in all human tissues, including adipocytes.
92	9198310	Low-molecular-weight acid phosphatase (ACP1), obesity, and blood lipid levels in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
93	9198310	Low-molecular-weight acid phosphatase (ACP1) is a polymorphic protein-tyrosine phosphatase present in all human tissues, including adipocytes.
94	9405929	Cytosolic low molecular weight acid phosphatase (ACP1) is a high polymorphic phosphotyrosine-protein-phosphatase involved in signal transduction.
95	9405929	Adenosine deaminase, ABO blood groups and several clinical variables have been also considered.
96	9618074	Circulating levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in rat models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
97	9618074	In order to investigate the pathogenic role of bone resorption by osteoclasts in altered bone metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), the circulating levels of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) were simultaneously determined with osteocalcin, in rat models of NIDDM, i.e., genetic Wistar fatty rats and neonatally streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (NSZ rats).
98	9618074	Circulating levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in rat models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
99	9618074	In order to investigate the pathogenic role of bone resorption by osteoclasts in altered bone metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), the circulating levels of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) were simultaneously determined with osteocalcin, in rat models of NIDDM, i.e., genetic Wistar fatty rats and neonatally streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (NSZ rats).
100	9703267	Measurement of the aortic elastolytic activity used 14C-labeled elastin as the substrate, and the determined value was compared with the aortic lysosomal enzyme (acid phosphatase) activity.
101	9866029	In experiments on male rabbits with the lack of insulin it is been revealed violations after the past immobilization the intensivity and duration of neutrophilic leukocytosis decrease, contents of lysosomes in neutrophils, activity of acid phosphatase.
102	10352977	Changes of the ATPase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase reaction intensity in the parotid and submandibular glands of rabbits in experimental diabetes.
103	10385396	Accumulated evidence links an important signal involved in glucose-stimulated insulin release to the activation of the islet lysosomal glycogenolytic enzyme acid glucan-1,4-alpha-glucosidase.
104	10385396	The insulin secretory response to glucose was markedly impaired in the GK rat, but was restored by the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin.
105	10385396	Islet activities of classical lysosomal enzymes, e.g.. acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and cathepsin D, were reduced by 20-35% in the GK rat compared with those in Wistar controls.
106	10385396	Finally, the pseudotetrasaccharide acarbose, which accumulates in the lysosomal system, inhibited acid glucan-1,4-alpha-glucosidase activity in parallel with its inhibitory action on glucose-induced insulin release in intact Wistar islets, whereas no effect was recorded for either parameter in intact GK islets.
107	10649720	There was no significant difference in biochemical parameters (blood hemoglobin, serum ferritin, erythropoietin, BUN, creatinine) between the two groups.
108	10649720	There were no significants difference in serum calcium, phosphorus, tartate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) between the two groups.
109	10649720	Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Group I than in Group II.
110	10649720	These results suggest that patients with bone marrow expansion in BMIS have increased levels of ALP and osteocalcin, indicating an increased osteoblastic activity.
111	10704693	At the end of the experiment, blood samples were obtained via cardiac puncture, and bone gla protein (BGP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were measured.
112	10720784	The root extract also lowers hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and serum acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase in diabetic rats.
113	10741568	Because numerous responses to insulin are affected, we undertook studies to determine whether protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) activities are altered in patients with diabetes syndrome.
114	10741568	We determined the activity of the cytosolic acid PTP in basal and insulin-dependent states.
115	10741568	Mean basal PTP activities, were found to be significantly higher in diabetics than in normal subjects (type 1 diabetics: 0.36 +/- 0.01 vs 0.28 +/- 0.01 mmol p-nitrophenolate/h per g hemoglobin (Hb), P < 0.001; type 2 diabetics: 0.35 +/- 0.01 vs 0.28 +/- 0.01 mmol p-nitrophenolate/h per g Hb, P < 0.001).
116	10741568	Insulin, at concentrations above physiological levels (1 mIU/ml), inhibited the PTP activities in erythrocytes from normal subjects (-15 +/- 4.1%, P < 0.01).
117	10741568	The overall data suggest that erythrocyte acid phosphatase may have a role in the modulation of glycolytic rates through the control of insulin receptor phosphorylation.
118	10912849	Overall outcomes after the 7-year treatment included the stabilization of BMD at all sites, as well as a significant decrease in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (4.302 +/- 2.62 vs 2.65 +/- 0.97 IU/I; p=0.0001) and increase in intact parathyroid hormone (PTHi) (28.05 +/- 15.7 vs 39.78 +/- 22.41 ng/l; p=0.005).
119	11912546	We investigated the possible role of cytosolic low-molecular-weight protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (cLMWPTP or acid phosphatase locus 1 [ACP1]) in the mediation of age at onset of type 1 diabetes.
120	11912546	ACP1 is an enzyme involved in signal transduction of T-cell receptors, insulin, and other growth factor receptors.
121	12409270	Association of the acid phosphatase (ACP1) gene with triglyceride levels in obese women.
122	12409270	The acid phosphatase (ACP1) locus codes for a low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) that is found ubiquitously in human tissues.
123	12409270	Association of the acid phosphatase (ACP1) gene with triglyceride levels in obese women.
124	12409270	The acid phosphatase (ACP1) locus codes for a low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) that is found ubiquitously in human tissues.
125	12656461	Total proteins, sugars and calcium were determined by colorimetric methods, and glucose, urea, alpha-amylase and acid phosphatase by enzymatic methods.
126	14640894	In order to investigate the pathogenetic role of bone resorption by osteoclasts in streptozotocin-induced diabetes, we determined the circulating levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), a biochemical marker for bone resorption.
127	15281007	Type 2 diabetes and the genetics of signal transduction: a study of interaction between adenosine deaminase and acid phosphatase locus 1 polymorphisms.
128	15281007	Acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1) is a highly polymorphic enzyme that has an important role in flavoenzyme activity and in the control of insulin receptor activity and band 3 protein phosphorylation status.
129	15281007	Based on the hypothesis that ACP1 counteracts insulin signaling by dephosphorylating the insulin receptor and that adenosine has an anti-insulin action, we reasoned that low ACP1 activity (low dephosphorylating action on insulin receptor) when associated with high ADA activity (low adenosine concentration) would result in a cumulative effect towards an increased glucose tolerance.
130	15281007	On the contrary, high ACP1 activity when associated with low ADA activity would result in a cumulative effect towards a decreased glucose tolerance.
131	15281007	There was a nonsignificant trend toward an increase in the proportion of subjects with the complex type with high ACP1 activity and low ADA activity (ie, B/B; A/C; B/C; C/C//ADA1/2 and 2/2) in type 2 diabetes relative to that observed in newborn infants from the same population.
132	15281007	High ACP1 activity/low ADA activity joint genotype was positively associated with high glycemic levels and with high body mass index (BMI) values.
133	15281007	Low ACP1 activity/high ADA activity joint genotype was also positively associated with dyslipidemia.
134	15281007	These findings suggest that both ACP1 and ADA contribute to the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes and probably also have a marginal influence on susceptibility to the disease.
135	15281007	Type 2 diabetes and the genetics of signal transduction: a study of interaction between adenosine deaminase and acid phosphatase locus 1 polymorphisms.
136	15281007	Acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1) is a highly polymorphic enzyme that has an important role in flavoenzyme activity and in the control of insulin receptor activity and band 3 protein phosphorylation status.
137	15281007	Based on the hypothesis that ACP1 counteracts insulin signaling by dephosphorylating the insulin receptor and that adenosine has an anti-insulin action, we reasoned that low ACP1 activity (low dephosphorylating action on insulin receptor) when associated with high ADA activity (low adenosine concentration) would result in a cumulative effect towards an increased glucose tolerance.
138	15281007	On the contrary, high ACP1 activity when associated with low ADA activity would result in a cumulative effect towards a decreased glucose tolerance.
139	15281007	There was a nonsignificant trend toward an increase in the proportion of subjects with the complex type with high ACP1 activity and low ADA activity (ie, B/B; A/C; B/C; C/C//ADA1/2 and 2/2) in type 2 diabetes relative to that observed in newborn infants from the same population.
140	15281007	High ACP1 activity/low ADA activity joint genotype was positively associated with high glycemic levels and with high body mass index (BMI) values.
141	15281007	Low ACP1 activity/high ADA activity joint genotype was also positively associated with dyslipidemia.
142	15281007	These findings suggest that both ACP1 and ADA contribute to the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes and probably also have a marginal influence on susceptibility to the disease.
143	15383563	Cell yield in NOR cultures was normal. 2) In a detailed analysis GM-CSF-stimulated cultures, we observed in both NOD and NOR mice an increased frequency of macrophages, identified as CD11c(+)/MHCII(-) cells with typical macrophage morphology, phenotype, and acid phosphatase activity.
144	15616896	Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities showed significant six- and twofold increases, respectively, in diabetic rats.
145	15860239	To clarify the pathogenesis of altered bone metabolism in diabetic state and its underlying mechanisms, the bone mineral content and fasting levels of serum intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH), intact osteocalcin (i-OC), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and osteoclastgenesis inhibitory factor/osteoprotegerin (OCIF/OPG) were measured in male type 2 diabetic patients and their age-matched controls.
146	15860239	In addition, urine levels of osteoclastic markers, C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) were simultaneously determined.
147	15860239	It was also observed that urinary excretion of CTx, DPD, and NTx was significantly increased in the diabetics as compared with the controls.
148	15860239	Unexpectedly, serum levels of OCIF/OPG tended to be higher in the diabetic group, and these values exhibited a significantly positive correlation with those of serum TRAP.
149	15860239	There was found a significantly negative correlation between serum TRAP and bone mineral density (BMD) and also between serum OCIF/OPG and bone mineral density.
150	15885927	Moreover, a significant decrease in the activities of serum enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and HMGCoA reductase activity in the liver was observed.
151	16497337	Plasma glucose, intestinal disaccharidases and the activities of transaminases, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, ATP citrate lyase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase were assessed for the level of metabolic changes in the kidney of diabetic rats.
152	16497337	The activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was significantly increased while the activities of ATP citrate lyase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced in the kidney of the diabetic control rats compared to the normal group.
153	16497337	Test diets supplementation did not significantly alter glucose-6-phosphatase, ATP citrate lyase and pyruvate kinase activities compared to the diabetic control.
154	16649554	Oral administration of a bark extract of Helicteres isora (100, 200 mg/kg) in STZ diabetic rats caused a significant increase in body weight, hepatic hexokinase activity and significant decrease in hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, serum acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
155	17167536	Serum calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), vertebral ALP, collagen, and glycosaminoglycans were estimated.
156	17167536	Serum ALP and TRAP activity increased in the ovary-intact and ovariectomized diabetic rats.
157	17167536	In the vertebrae, TRAP activity was elevated as a result of diabetes, but this was prevented by insulin or estradiol.
158	17459160	Here, we utilized a transgenic mouse model of diabetes (OVE26) and age-matched controls to histologically examine the effect of chronic hyperglycemia on the activity or abundance of the enzymes acid phosphatase, cytochrome oxidase and NADPH-diaphorase in primary sensory neuron perikarya and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
159	17463059	We report here that lipin1, a candidate gene for lipodystrophy and obesity that is a phosphatidic acid phosphatase critical in regulation of cellular levels of diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol and a key regulator of lipid utilization, is rapidly and robustly down-regulated in the uterus by estradiol via the estrogen receptor.
160	17463059	Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, which have high blood levels of estrogen and impaired fertility, were severely deficient in lipin1 in the uterus and liver, which, interestingly, could be restored by insulin treatment.
161	17916452	Increased cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase expression in bone of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
162	17916452	The effect of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on bone metabolism was evaluated using the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat 1 week after the induction of diabetes.
163	17916452	The levels of serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the distal femur of the diabetic rats were significantly reduced to about 40% and 70% of the control levels, respectively.
164	17916452	The decrease in the expression osteocalcin was observed in distal femur of the diabetic rats, although the level of ALP mRNA was unchanged.
165	17916452	The activity and the mRNA level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) increased to 1.5- and 2.3-fold the control level, respectively, in distal femur of the diabetic rats.
166	17916452	These results suggest that IDDM contributes to bone loss through changes in gene expression of TRAP and cathepsin K in osteoclasts as well as osteocalcin in osteoblasts resulting in increased bone resorptive activity and decreased bone formation.
167	17916452	Increased cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase expression in bone of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
168	17916452	The effect of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on bone metabolism was evaluated using the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat 1 week after the induction of diabetes.
169	17916452	The levels of serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the distal femur of the diabetic rats were significantly reduced to about 40% and 70% of the control levels, respectively.
170	17916452	The decrease in the expression osteocalcin was observed in distal femur of the diabetic rats, although the level of ALP mRNA was unchanged.
171	17916452	The activity and the mRNA level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) increased to 1.5- and 2.3-fold the control level, respectively, in distal femur of the diabetic rats.
172	17916452	These results suggest that IDDM contributes to bone loss through changes in gene expression of TRAP and cathepsin K in osteoclasts as well as osteocalcin in osteoblasts resulting in increased bone resorptive activity and decreased bone formation.
173	18378205	Osteoclast formation was analyzed using tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) assay, expression of calcitonin receptor (CTR) and cathepsin K mRNAs, and cultures were examined for reactive oxygen species (ROS) using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) fluorescence, caspase-3 and Nuclear Factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity.
174	18843446	In addition, the serum osteocalcin levels were significantly decreased and the serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity was significantly increased.
175	19007766	In addition, oral administration of costunolide (20 mg/kg bw) significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol and at the same time markedly increased plasma insulin, tissue glycogen, HDL cholesterol and serum protein.
176	19007766	Also costunolide restored the altered plasma enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotrasferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase) levels to near normal.
177	19007766	Costunolide might have stimulated the beta islets to secrete insulin by inhibiting the expression of nitric oxide synthase.
178	19254569	TORC2 regulates hepatic insulin signaling via a mammalian phosphatidic acid phosphatase, LIPIN1.
179	19254569	Here, we show that hyperactivation of TORC2 would exacerbate insulin resistance by enhancing expression of LIPIN1, a mammalian phosphatidic acid phosphatase for diacylglycerol (DAG) synthesis.
180	19254569	While overexpression of LIPIN1 disturbs hepatic insulin signaling, knockdown of LIPIN1 ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin resistance by reducing DAG and PKCvarepsilon activity in db/db mice.
181	19254569	Finally, TORC2-mediated insulin resistance is partially rescued by concomitant knockdown of LIPIN1, confirming the critical role of LIPIN1 in the perturbation of hepatic insulin signaling.
182	19254569	These data propose that dysregulation of TORC2 would further exaggerate insulin resistance and promote type 2 diabetes in a LIPIN1-dependent manner.
183	19254569	TORC2 regulates hepatic insulin signaling via a mammalian phosphatidic acid phosphatase, LIPIN1.
184	19254569	Here, we show that hyperactivation of TORC2 would exacerbate insulin resistance by enhancing expression of LIPIN1, a mammalian phosphatidic acid phosphatase for diacylglycerol (DAG) synthesis.
185	19254569	While overexpression of LIPIN1 disturbs hepatic insulin signaling, knockdown of LIPIN1 ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin resistance by reducing DAG and PKCvarepsilon activity in db/db mice.
186	19254569	Finally, TORC2-mediated insulin resistance is partially rescued by concomitant knockdown of LIPIN1, confirming the critical role of LIPIN1 in the perturbation of hepatic insulin signaling.
187	19254569	These data propose that dysregulation of TORC2 would further exaggerate insulin resistance and promote type 2 diabetes in a LIPIN1-dependent manner.
188	19564954	After the treatment period, urine sugar, blood glucose, haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), liver glycogen, serum and tissues lipids, serum and tissues proteins, liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) and serum enzymes like aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were determined.
189	19564954	The levels of urine sugar, blood glucose, HbA1C, G6P, AST, ALT, ACP, ALP, serum lipids except high density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol (HDL-c) and tissues like liver, kidney and heart lipids were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, however Hb, total protein, albumin, albumin:globulin (A:G) ratio, tissues protein and glycogen were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
190	19622628	Evidence for sex-specific associations between variation in acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1) and insulin sensitivity in Mexican-Americans.
191	19695236	In addition, oral administration of eremanthin (20mg/kg bw) significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and at the same time markedly increased plasma insulin, tissue glycogen, HDL-cholesterol and serum protein.
192	19695236	Eremanthin also restored the altered plasma enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase) levels to near normal.
193	19699734	A dietary supplement of curcumin reversed the increase in levels of activity and mRNA of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K to control values.
194	19699734	When bone marrow cells were cultured with macrophage colony stimulating factor and receptor activator NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL), the increased activity to form TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and the increased levels of mRNA and protein of c-fos and c-jun in the cultured cells from diabetic rats decreased to control levels in the curcumin-supplemented rats.
195	19699734	Similarly, the increased expression of c-fos and c-jun in the distal femur of the diabetic rats was significantly reduced by the supplement.
196	19699734	These results suggested that curcumin suppressed the increased bone resorptive activity through the prevention of osteoclastogenesis associated with inhibition of the expression of c-fos and c-jun in the diabetic rats.
197	19855922	The polymorphic enzyme acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1) is a candidate gene for obesity disorders.
198	20152999	Adenylate kinase locus 1 (AK₁) and acid phosphatase locus 1 were determined.
199	20805743	In this article, we confirm the positive association of acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1)A/adenosine deaminase locus 1 (ADA1)2 gametic type with type 1 diabetes (T1D) previously reported and show a negative correlation between the frequency of this gametic type with past malarial morbidity in Sardinia.
200	20805743	Because ADA12 allele decreases the activity of A allele and since low ACP1 activity decreases Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase with molecular weight 70 kDa (Zap70) activity resulting in weak T-cell receptor signalling an epistatic interaction involving ADA1, ACP1 and Zap70 seems a likely mechanism for the associations observed.
201	20818503	Increased expression of the receptor for activation of NF-kappaB and decreased runt-related transcription factor 2 expression in bone of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
202	20818503	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with an increased risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis in humans.
203	20818503	Markers of bone formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the number of osteoblasts in the proximal tibia and the serum osteocalcin level, were significantly lower.
204	20818503	Markers of bone resorption, activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K and the number of osteoclasts in the proximal tibia and urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline, were higher in diabetic rats than control rats. mRNA levels of receptor for activation of NF-kappaB (RANK), c-fos, c-jun, TRAP and cathepsin K were significantly increased in diabetic rats, although RANK ligand, osteoprotegerin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor and c-fms levels were similar to the control value.
205	20818503	The decreased expression of ALP, osteoclacin and collagen mRNA in diabetic rats was associated with decreases in the expression of Runx2, Dlx5 and osterix and an unaltered expression of bone morphogenic protein-2.
206	20818503	The level of RANK protein increased and Runx2 protein decreased in diabetic rats.
207	20818503	These suggested that short-term IDDM induced upregulation of osteoclastogenesis with an increase in RANK and downregulation of osteoblastogenesis with a decrease in Runx2 in bone.
208	21136852	The decreased proteins were the prostatic acid phosphatase precursor, the ribonuclease and the kallikrein-3.
209	21567076	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus decreases osteoblastogenesis associated with the inhibition of Wnt signaling through increased expression of Sost and Dkk1 and inhibition of Akt activation.
210	21567076	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is known to be associated with an increased risk of osteopenia.
211	21567076	After 4 weeks, the diabetic rats exhibited bone loss, low levels of osteocalcin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with normal levels of bone tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K activity, and urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (Dpd).
212	21567076	The decreased expression of ALP, osteoclacin and collagen mRNA was associated with a decrease in the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Osterix and distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) and an unaltered expression of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2).
213	21567076	The protein levels of Runx2, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), active β-catenin and β-catenin decreased.
214	21567076	The mRNA and protein levels of sclerosteosis (Sost) and Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1), inhibitors of Wnt signaling, increased.
215	21567076	The mRNA expression of IGF-I and the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) was suppressed.
216	21567076	These changes observed in the bone of diabetic rats were reversed by treatment with insulin, but not by normalization of the circulating IGF-I levels by treatment with IGF-I.
217	21567076	These results suggest that insulin-deficiency in IDDM decreases osteoblastogenesis associated with inhibition of Wnt signaling through the increased expression of Sost and Dkk1 and the inhibition of Akt activation.
218	22557182	T. arjuna was administered orally at a doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 30 days, after which serum liver and kidney tissues were assayed for the degree of pathological changes by means of markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) resulted in a significant reduction in serum and tissue of liver and kidney marker enzymes when compared with control rats T. arjuna at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight exhibited higher efficacy.
219	23524437	Effect of gingival application of melatonin on alkaline and acid phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin in patients with diabetes and periodontal disease.
220	23735664	The Zn supplement prevented a decrease in the activity and mRNA of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin mRNA, and hydroxyproline and calcium levels, and an increase in the activity and mRNA of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K in the proximal tibia of diabetic rats.
221	23735664	The increase in mRNA levels of receptor for activation of NF-κB (RANK), c-fos, c-jun, TRAP, and cathepsin K and decrease in the expression of Runx2, Dlx5, osterix, ALP, osteocalcin, and collagen were prevented by the supplement.
222	23735664	The decrease in β-catenin, phosphorylated GSK3β, phosphorylated Akt, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) protein levels in diabetic rats was also inhibited, although Zn did not affect the diabetes-increased gene and protein expression of Sost and Dkk1.
223	23735664	These results suggested that Zn prevented the diabetes-induced increase in osteoclastogenesis and decrease in osteoblastogenesis by inhibiting RANK expression and stimulating IGF-1/IGF-1R/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling, respectively.
224	23934056	The mRNA expression of ACE and renin receptor, and the protein expression of renin and angiotensin II were markedly up-regulated in the bone of vehicle-treated diabetic mice compared to those of non-diabetic mice, and these molecular changes of skeletal RAS components were effectively inhibited by treatment with captopril.
225	23934056	However, treatment with captopril significantly elevated serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b levels, reduced the ratio of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand expression, increased carbonic anhydrase II mRNA expression and the number of matured osteoclasts and decreased transforming growth factor-β and osteocalcin mRNA expression in the tibia compared to those of diabetic mice.