Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: ADRB3

Gene name: adrenoceptor beta 3

HGNC ID: 288

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ABCC8	1 hits
2	ABL2	1 hits
3	ADIPOQ	1 hits
4	ADRA2B	1 hits
5	ADRB1	1 hits
6	ADRB2	1 hits
7	AGT	1 hits
8	APOE	1 hits
9	ASIP	1 hits
10	ATP6V1B1	1 hits
11	BHLHB5	1 hits
12	CAPN10	1 hits
13	CAV1	1 hits
14	CEBPA	1 hits
15	DIO2	1 hits
16	EEF1B3	1 hits
17	ENPP1	1 hits
18	FABP2	1 hits
19	FTO	1 hits
20	GCGR	1 hits
21	GHRL	1 hits
22	GNAS	1 hits
23	GNB3	1 hits
24	GYS1	1 hits
25	IGF1	1 hits
26	IL1A	1 hits
27	IL1B	1 hits
28	IL6R	1 hits
29	INS	1 hits
30	INSR	1 hits
31	IRS1	1 hits
32	LEP	1 hits
33	LEPR	1 hits
34	LIPC	1 hits
35	LIPE	1 hits
36	LPL	1 hits
37	PCSK1	1 hits
38	PLIN	1 hits
39	PPARA	1 hits
40	PPARG	1 hits
41	PPARGC1A	1 hits
42	PPP1CA	1 hits
43	PPP1R3A	1 hits
44	PPP1R3C	1 hits
45	PWCR	1 hits
46	RPS6KB3	1 hits
47	SHOX2	1 hits
48	SLC2A2	1 hits
49	SLC2A4	1 hits
50	TCF7L2	1 hits
51	TNF	1 hits
52	TYRP1	1 hits
53	UCP1	1 hits
54	UCP2	1 hits
55	UCP3	1 hits
56	VDR	1 hits
57	WARS	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	7609750	Time of onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and genetic variation in the beta 3-adrenergic-receptor gene.
2	7609751	Association of a polymorphism in the beta 3-adrenergic-receptor gene with features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Finns.
3	7733267	Treatment of obese (ob/ob) mice with the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) agonist BRL-35135 (1 mg.kg body wt-1.day-1 for 20 days) normalized plasma glucose levels and significantly decreased plasma insulin and nonesterified fatty acid levels.
4	8536614	These metabolic changes were accompanied by increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and decreased expression of GLUT4 and beta 3-adrenergic receptor messenger RNA levels in white adipose tissue of UCP-DTA transgenic mice receiving the Western diet compared to those in the other experimental groups.
5	8690160	Insulin sensitivity and body weight changes in young white carriers of the codon 64 amino acid polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene.
6	8690160	Recently, a missense mutation replacing tryptophan with arginine at codon 64 of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene was shown to be associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects and to an earlier onset of NIDDM in Pima Indians.
7	8690160	We studied whether the codon 64 amino acid polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene in a cohort of young healthy Danes was associated with high birth weight, accelerated weight gain during childhood and adolescence, present obesity, or impaired insulin sensitivity.
8	8690160	Insulin sensitivity and body weight changes in young white carriers of the codon 64 amino acid polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene.
9	8690160	Recently, a missense mutation replacing tryptophan with arginine at codon 64 of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene was shown to be associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects and to an earlier onset of NIDDM in Pima Indians.
10	8690160	We studied whether the codon 64 amino acid polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene in a cohort of young healthy Danes was associated with high birth weight, accelerated weight gain during childhood and adolescence, present obesity, or impaired insulin sensitivity.
11	8690160	Insulin sensitivity and body weight changes in young white carriers of the codon 64 amino acid polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene.
12	8690160	Recently, a missense mutation replacing tryptophan with arginine at codon 64 of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene was shown to be associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects and to an earlier onset of NIDDM in Pima Indians.
13	8690160	We studied whether the codon 64 amino acid polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene in a cohort of young healthy Danes was associated with high birth weight, accelerated weight gain during childhood and adolescence, present obesity, or impaired insulin sensitivity.
14	8721782	A possible pathogenic mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic-receptor gene (Trp64Arg) has been reported to be associated with an earlier age of onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and clinical features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Pima Indian, Finnish and French subjects.
15	8903328	Recent studies have suggested that a missense Trp64Arg mutation in the beta3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene was involved in obesity and insulin resistance.
16	8923875	We recently identified a mutation in the human beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3AR) gene (codon 64 TGGTrp -> CGGArg; TRP64ARG) that associates with features of the insulin resistance syndrome and an earlier onset of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
17	8954053	Recent molecular screening and analysis of a common missense mutation of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene suggested this locus as a strong candidate for increased obesity, earlier age of diabetes onset, and insulin resistance.
18	8954053	To test the hypothesis that the beta 3-adrenergic receptor locus affects diabetes susceptibility, obesity as measured by body mass index, and components of the insulin resistance syndrome, we examined the role of this region in families ascertained for two or more NIDDM siblings.
19	8954053	We conclude that the beta 3-adrenergic receptor locus does not play an important role in NIDDM susceptibility or in the insulin resistance syndrome among members of families with a strong predisposition to NIDDM.
20	8954053	Recent molecular screening and analysis of a common missense mutation of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene suggested this locus as a strong candidate for increased obesity, earlier age of diabetes onset, and insulin resistance.
21	8954053	To test the hypothesis that the beta 3-adrenergic receptor locus affects diabetes susceptibility, obesity as measured by body mass index, and components of the insulin resistance syndrome, we examined the role of this region in families ascertained for two or more NIDDM siblings.
22	8954053	We conclude that the beta 3-adrenergic receptor locus does not play an important role in NIDDM susceptibility or in the insulin resistance syndrome among members of families with a strong predisposition to NIDDM.
23	8954053	Recent molecular screening and analysis of a common missense mutation of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene suggested this locus as a strong candidate for increased obesity, earlier age of diabetes onset, and insulin resistance.
24	8954053	To test the hypothesis that the beta 3-adrenergic receptor locus affects diabetes susceptibility, obesity as measured by body mass index, and components of the insulin resistance syndrome, we examined the role of this region in families ascertained for two or more NIDDM siblings.
25	8954053	We conclude that the beta 3-adrenergic receptor locus does not play an important role in NIDDM susceptibility or in the insulin resistance syndrome among members of families with a strong predisposition to NIDDM.
26	8960833	UKPDS 19: heterogeneity in NIDDM: separate contributions of IRS-1 and beta 3-adrenergic-receptor mutations to insulin resistance and obesity respectively with no evidence for glycogen synthase gene mutations.
27	8960833	Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), beta 3-adrenergic-receptor (beta 3-AR) and glycogen synthase (GS) genes are candidate genes for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and obesity.
28	8960833	The IRS-1 972 mutation was significantly different between the four groups with increased prevalence in the insulin resistant and dyslipidaemia subjects (18 and 26% compared with 11% in control subjects; p < 0.0005).
29	8960833	Those with or without IRS-1 mutations had similar clinical characteristics and impaired insulin sensitivity. beta 3-AR 64 mutation was not significantly different between the four groups but those with the mutation were more obese, with a test for linear association between number of alleles and degree of obesity in an analysis of variance showing a significant association (p = 0.029).
30	8960833	In conclusion, IRS-1 972 had an increased prevalence in subjects with insulin resistance, with or without dyslipidaemia. beta 3-AR 64 was associated with increased obesity but not with insulin resistance or dyslipidaemia.
31	8960833	UKPDS 19: heterogeneity in NIDDM: separate contributions of IRS-1 and beta 3-adrenergic-receptor mutations to insulin resistance and obesity respectively with no evidence for glycogen synthase gene mutations.
32	8960833	Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), beta 3-adrenergic-receptor (beta 3-AR) and glycogen synthase (GS) genes are candidate genes for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and obesity.
33	8960833	The IRS-1 972 mutation was significantly different between the four groups with increased prevalence in the insulin resistant and dyslipidaemia subjects (18 and 26% compared with 11% in control subjects; p < 0.0005).
34	8960833	Those with or without IRS-1 mutations had similar clinical characteristics and impaired insulin sensitivity. beta 3-AR 64 mutation was not significantly different between the four groups but those with the mutation were more obese, with a test for linear association between number of alleles and degree of obesity in an analysis of variance showing a significant association (p = 0.029).
35	8960833	In conclusion, IRS-1 972 had an increased prevalence in subjects with insulin resistance, with or without dyslipidaemia. beta 3-AR 64 was associated with increased obesity but not with insulin resistance or dyslipidaemia.
36	9049481	Beta 3-adrenergic-receptor polymorphism: a genetic marker for visceral fat obesity and the insulin resistance syndrome.
37	9049481	We investigated whether the polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) gene, which is associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects and an earlier onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians, was associated with visceral fat obesity and features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Japanese premenopausal obese women.
38	9049481	Beta 3-adrenergic-receptor polymorphism: a genetic marker for visceral fat obesity and the insulin resistance syndrome.
39	9049481	We investigated whether the polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) gene, which is associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects and an earlier onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians, was associated with visceral fat obesity and features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Japanese premenopausal obese women.
40	9112025	The Trp64Arg mutation of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3AR) is prevalent in several ethnic groups and is associated with weight gain, and some features of syndrome X such as insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia.
41	9131260	Recently, the incidence of a naturally occurring variant of the human beta 3-adrenergic receptor was shown to be correlated with hereditary obesity in Pima Indians and in Japanese individuals, and in Western obese patients with increased dynamic capacity to add on weight and develop non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
42	9313101	Trp64Arg mutation of beta 3-adrenergic receptor and insulin sensitivity in subjects with glucose intolerance.
43	9313101	We investigated the relationship between the Trp64Arg mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene and insulin sensitivity, which was evaluated by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic-clamp technique, in 54 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who were not receiving insulin therapy.
44	9313101	The frequencies of Trp/Trp, Trp/Arg, and Arg/Arg genotypes in the patients were 63.0, 33.3, and 3.7%, respectively, which did not differ significantly from those of the 227 controls (67.0, 33.3, and 3.7%, respectively, which did not differ significantly from those of the 227 controls (67.0, 31.3, and 1.8%, respectively).
45	9313101	Trp64Arg mutation of beta 3-adrenergic receptor and insulin sensitivity in subjects with glucose intolerance.
46	9313101	We investigated the relationship between the Trp64Arg mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene and insulin sensitivity, which was evaluated by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic-clamp technique, in 54 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who were not receiving insulin therapy.
47	9313101	The frequencies of Trp/Trp, Trp/Arg, and Arg/Arg genotypes in the patients were 63.0, 33.3, and 3.7%, respectively, which did not differ significantly from those of the 227 controls (67.0, 33.3, and 3.7%, respectively, which did not differ significantly from those of the 227 controls (67.0, 31.3, and 1.8%, respectively).
48	9326333	Using both parametric and nonparametric methods, we found no evidence of linkage of obesity to any of nine candidate genes/regions, including the Prader-Willi chromosomal region (PWS), the human homologue of the mouse agouti gene (ASP), and the genes for leptin (OB), the leptin receptor (OBR/DB), the beta3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (LIPC), glycogen synthase (GYS), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA).
49	9329375	We hypothesized that mutations in the beta-3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3AR) gene might result in the lipoatrophic phenotype by preventing triglyceride storage in adipocytes; thereby, resulting in secondary insulin resistance.
50	9329383	To identify molecular defects responsible for this disease, we tested the implication of 14 candidate genes coding for proteins involved either in insulin action, i.e. insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, insulin-like growth factor I receptor, diabetes-associated ras-like protein (Rad), and glycogen synthase, or in lipid metabolism, i.e. lipoprotein lipase; apolipoproteins CII, AII, and CIII; hepatic lipase; hormone-sensitive lipase; the beta 3-adrenergic receptor; leptin; and fatty acid-binding protein 2.
51	9329748	Is a mutation of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and juvenile hypertension in the Czech population?
52	9405912	Effects of Trp64Arg mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene on weight loss, body fat distribution, glycemic control, and insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetic patients.
53	9661625	A possible pathogenic polymorphism in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene (Trp64Arg) has been reported to be associated with increased body weight, clinical features of insulin resistance, and early development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in several populations.
54	9690058	Forty-nine families with at least two affected patients in the sibship (567 individuals) were selected and tested by PCR-RFLP techniques for reported mutations in 10 diabetes or obesity candidate genes: glucagon receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, insulin receptor, human beta 3 adrenergic receptor, fatty acid binding protein 2, mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)), sulphonylurea receptor, human uncoupling protein and the glycogen-associated regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1.
55	9690058	No mutations were found in glucokinase, glucagon receptor and mitochondrial genes in any of the 49 probands.
56	9690058	Frequencies of polymorphisms at other loci were similar to those reported in Caucasian populations, except for 4 of the loci at which a higher frequency of variants was observed: human beta 3 adrenergic receptor, human uncoupling type 1 protein, fatty acid binding protein 2 and the glycogen-associated regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1.
57	9690058	Forty-nine families with at least two affected patients in the sibship (567 individuals) were selected and tested by PCR-RFLP techniques for reported mutations in 10 diabetes or obesity candidate genes: glucagon receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, insulin receptor, human beta 3 adrenergic receptor, fatty acid binding protein 2, mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)), sulphonylurea receptor, human uncoupling protein and the glycogen-associated regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1.
58	9690058	No mutations were found in glucokinase, glucagon receptor and mitochondrial genes in any of the 49 probands.
59	9690058	Frequencies of polymorphisms at other loci were similar to those reported in Caucasian populations, except for 4 of the loci at which a higher frequency of variants was observed: human beta 3 adrenergic receptor, human uncoupling type 1 protein, fatty acid binding protein 2 and the glycogen-associated regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1.
60	9828912	Lack of associations between serum leptin, a polymorphism in the gene for the beta 3-adrenergic receptor and glucose tolerance in the Dutch population.
61	9845761	[Effects of Trp64Arg mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene on body fat, plasma glucose level, lipid profile, insulin secretion and action in Chinese].
62	10410831	The authors review the potential roles of some important receptors, such as the insulin receptor, beta 3-adrenergic receptor, leptin receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, in the pathogenesis of human type 2 diabetes.
63	10410831	They emphasize the significance of effective glycemic control by examining the evidence that strongly suggests the association of chronic complications of type 2 diabetes with abnormalities of receptors for the advanced glycation end products, transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor.
64	10414933	In Group A, no patient was positive for autoantibodies, specific HLAs for Japanese insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, or mutation of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor gene.
65	10421979	The development of late onset non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is due to a complicated interplay between genes and environment on one side, and the interaction between metabolic defects in various tissues including the pancreatic beta cell (decreased insulin secretion), skeletal muscle (insulin resistance), liver (increased gluconeogenesis), adipose tissue (increased lipolysis) and possibly gut incretin hormones (defective glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) secretion) on the other side.
66	10421979	Evidence for a genetic component includes the finding of a variety of metabolic defects in various tissues in non-diabetic subjects with a genetic predisposition to NIDDM, higher concordance rates for abnormal glucose tolerance including NIDDM in monozygotic compared with dizygotic twins, and the more recent demonstration of different NIDDM susceptibility genes at the sites of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS1), the beta-3 adrenergic receptor, and the sulfonylurea receptor.
67	10443326	We studied by PCR-RFLP 6 polymorphisms in these 5 candidate genes: Ala54Thr in the fatty acid binding protein 2 gene (FABP2), A to G substitution in the uncoupling protein type 1 gene (UCP1), Asp905Tyr in the protein phosphatase type 1 gene (PP1G), Trp64Arg in the human beta 3 adrenergic receptor gene (beta 3AR) and 2 RFLP sites of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene (VDRTaq1 and VDRApa1).
68	10443326	These findings suggest that FABP2 does not represent a major gene for Type 2 DM in this migrant Indian population living in Guadeloupe, but seems to be related to the metabolic insulin resistance syndrome.
69	10480620	The beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) has been implicated as a regulator of energy expenditure, and a polymorphism in codon 64 of this gene (Trp64Arg) has been associated in some studies with obesity and insulin resistance.
70	10547210	The Trp64Arg mutation of the adrenergic beta-3 receptor gene impairs insulin secretion: a twin study.
71	10707554	[Insulin resistance and beta 3-adrenergic receptor function].
72	10707554	It is proposed that dysfunction of beta 3-adrenergic receptor result to obesity and insulin resistance.
73	10707554	The role of beta 3-adrenergic receptor in insulin resistance is still unknown in detail.
74	10707554	[Insulin resistance and beta 3-adrenergic receptor function].
75	10707554	It is proposed that dysfunction of beta 3-adrenergic receptor result to obesity and insulin resistance.
76	10707554	The role of beta 3-adrenergic receptor in insulin resistance is still unknown in detail.
77	10707554	[Insulin resistance and beta 3-adrenergic receptor function].
78	10707554	It is proposed that dysfunction of beta 3-adrenergic receptor result to obesity and insulin resistance.
79	10707554	The role of beta 3-adrenergic receptor in insulin resistance is still unknown in detail.
80	10714358	Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus: its relationship with the beta 3-adrenergic receptor.
81	10826514	A study on the genetics of obesity: influence of polymorphisms of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 in relation to weight loss, waist to hip ratio and frequencies of common cardiovascular risk factors.
82	10826514	Beta-3-adrenergic receptor (beta-3-AR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and in obesity related increase in insulin resistance which is associated with, among other diseases, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
83	10826514	We examined the association between mutations of the IRS-1 gene at codon 972, mutations of the beta-3-AR gene at codon 64, and the combination of both mutations with the degree of weight loss, waist to hip ratio and the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
84	10826514	Twenty-four women (11.4%) were polymorph only for the beta-3-AR mutation, 23 women (10.9%) only for the IRS-1 mutation, and 6 subjects (2.9%) were polymorph for both alleles.
85	10826514	Our findings suggest there is a synergy between the polymorphisms of Trp64Arg beta-3-AR and Gly972Arg IRS-1 in Caucasian German obese women leading to a decreased weight loss.
86	10826514	A study on the genetics of obesity: influence of polymorphisms of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 in relation to weight loss, waist to hip ratio and frequencies of common cardiovascular risk factors.
87	10826514	Beta-3-adrenergic receptor (beta-3-AR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and in obesity related increase in insulin resistance which is associated with, among other diseases, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
88	10826514	We examined the association between mutations of the IRS-1 gene at codon 972, mutations of the beta-3-AR gene at codon 64, and the combination of both mutations with the degree of weight loss, waist to hip ratio and the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
89	10826514	Twenty-four women (11.4%) were polymorph only for the beta-3-AR mutation, 23 women (10.9%) only for the IRS-1 mutation, and 6 subjects (2.9%) were polymorph for both alleles.
90	10826514	Our findings suggest there is a synergy between the polymorphisms of Trp64Arg beta-3-AR and Gly972Arg IRS-1 in Caucasian German obese women leading to a decreased weight loss.
91	10826514	A study on the genetics of obesity: influence of polymorphisms of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 in relation to weight loss, waist to hip ratio and frequencies of common cardiovascular risk factors.
92	10826514	Beta-3-adrenergic receptor (beta-3-AR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and in obesity related increase in insulin resistance which is associated with, among other diseases, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
93	10826514	We examined the association between mutations of the IRS-1 gene at codon 972, mutations of the beta-3-AR gene at codon 64, and the combination of both mutations with the degree of weight loss, waist to hip ratio and the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
94	10826514	Twenty-four women (11.4%) were polymorph only for the beta-3-AR mutation, 23 women (10.9%) only for the IRS-1 mutation, and 6 subjects (2.9%) were polymorph for both alleles.
95	10826514	Our findings suggest there is a synergy between the polymorphisms of Trp64Arg beta-3-AR and Gly972Arg IRS-1 in Caucasian German obese women leading to a decreased weight loss.
96	10826514	A study on the genetics of obesity: influence of polymorphisms of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 in relation to weight loss, waist to hip ratio and frequencies of common cardiovascular risk factors.
97	10826514	Beta-3-adrenergic receptor (beta-3-AR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and in obesity related increase in insulin resistance which is associated with, among other diseases, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
98	10826514	We examined the association between mutations of the IRS-1 gene at codon 972, mutations of the beta-3-AR gene at codon 64, and the combination of both mutations with the degree of weight loss, waist to hip ratio and the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
99	10826514	Twenty-four women (11.4%) were polymorph only for the beta-3-AR mutation, 23 women (10.9%) only for the IRS-1 mutation, and 6 subjects (2.9%) were polymorph for both alleles.
100	10826514	Our findings suggest there is a synergy between the polymorphisms of Trp64Arg beta-3-AR and Gly972Arg IRS-1 in Caucasian German obese women leading to a decreased weight loss.
101	10826514	A study on the genetics of obesity: influence of polymorphisms of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 in relation to weight loss, waist to hip ratio and frequencies of common cardiovascular risk factors.
102	10826514	Beta-3-adrenergic receptor (beta-3-AR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and in obesity related increase in insulin resistance which is associated with, among other diseases, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
103	10826514	We examined the association between mutations of the IRS-1 gene at codon 972, mutations of the beta-3-AR gene at codon 64, and the combination of both mutations with the degree of weight loss, waist to hip ratio and the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
104	10826514	Twenty-four women (11.4%) were polymorph only for the beta-3-AR mutation, 23 women (10.9%) only for the IRS-1 mutation, and 6 subjects (2.9%) were polymorph for both alleles.
105	10826514	Our findings suggest there is a synergy between the polymorphisms of Trp64Arg beta-3-AR and Gly972Arg IRS-1 in Caucasian German obese women leading to a decreased weight loss.
106	10889791	Among these, the genes for beta 3-adrenergic receptor, hormone-sensitive lipase, lipoprotein lipase, IRS-1, PC-1, skeletal muscle glycogen synthase, etc. appear to increase the risk of the metabolic syndrome.
107	11095426	Insulin response to glucose is lower in individuals homozygous for the Arg 64 variant of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor.
108	11095426	This first report of decreased acute insulin release and lower glucose effectiveness in the Arg 64 genotype may help explain the earlier onset of type 2 DM observed in several populations of individuals with the Arg64 beta-3-adrenergic receptor variant allele.
109	11095426	Insulin response to glucose is lower in individuals homozygous for the Arg 64 variant of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor.
110	11095426	This first report of decreased acute insulin release and lower glucose effectiveness in the Arg 64 genotype may help explain the earlier onset of type 2 DM observed in several populations of individuals with the Arg64 beta-3-adrenergic receptor variant allele.
111	11147800	We genotyped 909 unrelated women (age 55 +/- 12 [mean +/- SD] years, range 19-87; body weight 88 +/- 22 kg, range 40-167; and BMI 33 +/- 8 kg/m2, range 16-64) for Trp64Arg beta3AR and Glu12/Glu9 alpha2bAR variants.
112	11147800	A second goal was to examine the interaction effect of Glu12/Glu9 alpha2bAR and Trp64Arg beta3AR on the same phenotypes.
113	11147800	We genotyped 909 unrelated women (age 55 +/- 12 [mean +/- SD] years, range 19-87; body weight 88 +/- 22 kg, range 40-167; and BMI 33 +/- 8 kg/m2, range 16-64) for Trp64Arg beta3AR and Glu12/Glu9 alpha2bAR variants.
114	11147800	A second goal was to examine the interaction effect of Glu12/Glu9 alpha2bAR and Trp64Arg beta3AR on the same phenotypes.
115	11237725	Uncoupling protein 3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 contribute to obesity and diabetes in palauans.
116	11237725	We examined the genetic contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the energy metabolism-related genes, including beta 3 adrenergic receptor (beta3AR), apolipoprotein E (apo-E), promoter of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3-p), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) and leptin receptor (LEPR) to metabolic disorders, in 118 inhabitants of Palau.
117	11288039	The beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (AR) gene variant (Trp64Arg) has been reported to be associated with obesity and insulin resistance in humans.
118	11522702	Genotype Arg/Arg, but not Trp/Arg, of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor is associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity in a large Japanese sample.
119	11532330	We investigated gender differences in the relationships between the Trp64Arg variant of the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (AR) gene in obesity and insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects.
120	11564599	Pancreatic beta-cells expressing the Arg64 variant of the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor exhibit abnormal insulin secretory activity.
121	11564599	The Arg64 beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (beta(3)AR) variant is associated with an earlier age of onset of diabetes and lower levels of insulin secretion in humans.
122	11564599	Pancreatic beta-cells expressing the Arg64 variant of the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor exhibit abnormal insulin secretory activity.
123	11564599	The Arg64 beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (beta(3)AR) variant is associated with an earlier age of onset of diabetes and lower levels of insulin secretion in humans.
124	11683767	Many common variants in functional and positional candidate genes, including ADRB3, PPARG, ENPP1, and CAPN10, have also been studied for their possible role as determinants of type 2 diabetes, with varying levels of agreement between studies.
125	11699048	The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (FABP2) gene Ala54Thr polymorphism and the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) gene Trp64Arg polymorphism on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, heart rate, glucose and lipid profiles, and serum leptin level in 196 young men aged 21 to 39 years, 186 older normoglycemic men (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] < 110 mg/dL) aged 40 to 65 years, and 122 older hyperglycemic men, including 77 type 2 diabetic patients.
126	11699048	In the older groups, the beta3AR Arg64-allele frequency tended to be lower and the FABP2 Thr/Thr54 genotype frequency tended to be higher in hyperglycemic patients, although these differences did not reach statistical significance.
127	11699048	In the younger group, there were no significant differences in any of the parameters measured between the genotypes of beta3AR or FABP2.
128	11699048	In the older normoglycemic subjects, heart rate was significantly lower (P =.037) in beta3AR Arg64-positive subjects, and FPG was significantly higher in subjects with the FABP2 Thr/Thr genotype than the other genotypes (99.8 +/- 5.6 v 96.5 +/- 5.6 mg/dL, P =.010).
129	11699048	In conclusion, no major difference was associated with the beta3AR Trp64Arg or FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism in terms of type 2 diabetes or hyperlipidemia in young to older Japanese men.
130	11699048	The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (FABP2) gene Ala54Thr polymorphism and the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) gene Trp64Arg polymorphism on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, heart rate, glucose and lipid profiles, and serum leptin level in 196 young men aged 21 to 39 years, 186 older normoglycemic men (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] < 110 mg/dL) aged 40 to 65 years, and 122 older hyperglycemic men, including 77 type 2 diabetic patients.
131	11699048	In the older groups, the beta3AR Arg64-allele frequency tended to be lower and the FABP2 Thr/Thr54 genotype frequency tended to be higher in hyperglycemic patients, although these differences did not reach statistical significance.
132	11699048	In the younger group, there were no significant differences in any of the parameters measured between the genotypes of beta3AR or FABP2.
133	11699048	In the older normoglycemic subjects, heart rate was significantly lower (P =.037) in beta3AR Arg64-positive subjects, and FPG was significantly higher in subjects with the FABP2 Thr/Thr genotype than the other genotypes (99.8 +/- 5.6 v 96.5 +/- 5.6 mg/dL, P =.010).
134	11699048	In conclusion, no major difference was associated with the beta3AR Trp64Arg or FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism in terms of type 2 diabetes or hyperlipidemia in young to older Japanese men.
135	11699048	The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (FABP2) gene Ala54Thr polymorphism and the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) gene Trp64Arg polymorphism on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, heart rate, glucose and lipid profiles, and serum leptin level in 196 young men aged 21 to 39 years, 186 older normoglycemic men (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] < 110 mg/dL) aged 40 to 65 years, and 122 older hyperglycemic men, including 77 type 2 diabetic patients.
136	11699048	In the older groups, the beta3AR Arg64-allele frequency tended to be lower and the FABP2 Thr/Thr54 genotype frequency tended to be higher in hyperglycemic patients, although these differences did not reach statistical significance.
137	11699048	In the younger group, there were no significant differences in any of the parameters measured between the genotypes of beta3AR or FABP2.
138	11699048	In the older normoglycemic subjects, heart rate was significantly lower (P =.037) in beta3AR Arg64-positive subjects, and FPG was significantly higher in subjects with the FABP2 Thr/Thr genotype than the other genotypes (99.8 +/- 5.6 v 96.5 +/- 5.6 mg/dL, P =.010).
139	11699048	In conclusion, no major difference was associated with the beta3AR Trp64Arg or FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism in terms of type 2 diabetes or hyperlipidemia in young to older Japanese men.
140	11699048	The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (FABP2) gene Ala54Thr polymorphism and the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) gene Trp64Arg polymorphism on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, heart rate, glucose and lipid profiles, and serum leptin level in 196 young men aged 21 to 39 years, 186 older normoglycemic men (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] < 110 mg/dL) aged 40 to 65 years, and 122 older hyperglycemic men, including 77 type 2 diabetic patients.
141	11699048	In the older groups, the beta3AR Arg64-allele frequency tended to be lower and the FABP2 Thr/Thr54 genotype frequency tended to be higher in hyperglycemic patients, although these differences did not reach statistical significance.
142	11699048	In the younger group, there were no significant differences in any of the parameters measured between the genotypes of beta3AR or FABP2.
143	11699048	In the older normoglycemic subjects, heart rate was significantly lower (P =.037) in beta3AR Arg64-positive subjects, and FPG was significantly higher in subjects with the FABP2 Thr/Thr genotype than the other genotypes (99.8 +/- 5.6 v 96.5 +/- 5.6 mg/dL, P =.010).
144	11699048	In conclusion, no major difference was associated with the beta3AR Trp64Arg or FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism in terms of type 2 diabetes or hyperlipidemia in young to older Japanese men.
145	11699048	The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (FABP2) gene Ala54Thr polymorphism and the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) gene Trp64Arg polymorphism on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, heart rate, glucose and lipid profiles, and serum leptin level in 196 young men aged 21 to 39 years, 186 older normoglycemic men (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] < 110 mg/dL) aged 40 to 65 years, and 122 older hyperglycemic men, including 77 type 2 diabetic patients.
146	11699048	In the older groups, the beta3AR Arg64-allele frequency tended to be lower and the FABP2 Thr/Thr54 genotype frequency tended to be higher in hyperglycemic patients, although these differences did not reach statistical significance.
147	11699048	In the younger group, there were no significant differences in any of the parameters measured between the genotypes of beta3AR or FABP2.
148	11699048	In the older normoglycemic subjects, heart rate was significantly lower (P =.037) in beta3AR Arg64-positive subjects, and FPG was significantly higher in subjects with the FABP2 Thr/Thr genotype than the other genotypes (99.8 +/- 5.6 v 96.5 +/- 5.6 mg/dL, P =.010).
149	11699048	In conclusion, no major difference was associated with the beta3AR Trp64Arg or FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism in terms of type 2 diabetes or hyperlipidemia in young to older Japanese men.
150	11808322	Chronic administration of beta 3-adrenergic receptor agonists into obese rodents reduce the size of adipocytes by the breakdown of triglyceride and ameliorate insulin resistance associated with the normalization of the expression of adipocytokines, such as leptin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
151	11808326	Several genes are implicated to be the cause for diabetes, such as genes of PPAR gamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma), adiponectin, beta 3-adrenergic receptor, etc., and their polymorphisms may have significant impact on the treatment and prevention of diabetes.
152	11872697	Association between a novel variant of the human type 2 deiodinase gene Thr92Ala and insulin resistance: evidence of interaction with the Trp64Arg variant of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor.
153	11872697	We performed molecular scanning of the human type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) gene and evaluated a novel variant for associations with obesity and insulin resistance, assessing both the main effect and interaction with the Trp64Arg beta-3--adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) variant.
154	11872697	Association analysis of the entire group showed significant evidence for a synergistic effect between the Thr92Ala DIO2 and Trp64Arg ADRB3 variants on BMI (both variants 34.3 plus minus 0.9 kg/m(2) vs. neither variant 33.1 plus minus 0.4 kg/m(2), P = 0.04 for interaction).
155	11872697	This variant strongly associates with insulin resistance and, in subjects with the Trp64Arg ADRB3 variant, an increased BMI, suggesting an interaction between these two common gene variants.
156	11872697	Association between a novel variant of the human type 2 deiodinase gene Thr92Ala and insulin resistance: evidence of interaction with the Trp64Arg variant of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor.
157	11872697	We performed molecular scanning of the human type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) gene and evaluated a novel variant for associations with obesity and insulin resistance, assessing both the main effect and interaction with the Trp64Arg beta-3--adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) variant.
158	11872697	Association analysis of the entire group showed significant evidence for a synergistic effect between the Thr92Ala DIO2 and Trp64Arg ADRB3 variants on BMI (both variants 34.3 plus minus 0.9 kg/m(2) vs. neither variant 33.1 plus minus 0.4 kg/m(2), P = 0.04 for interaction).
159	11872697	This variant strongly associates with insulin resistance and, in subjects with the Trp64Arg ADRB3 variant, an increased BMI, suggesting an interaction between these two common gene variants.
160	11872697	Association between a novel variant of the human type 2 deiodinase gene Thr92Ala and insulin resistance: evidence of interaction with the Trp64Arg variant of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor.
161	11872697	We performed molecular scanning of the human type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) gene and evaluated a novel variant for associations with obesity and insulin resistance, assessing both the main effect and interaction with the Trp64Arg beta-3--adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) variant.
162	11872697	Association analysis of the entire group showed significant evidence for a synergistic effect between the Thr92Ala DIO2 and Trp64Arg ADRB3 variants on BMI (both variants 34.3 plus minus 0.9 kg/m(2) vs. neither variant 33.1 plus minus 0.4 kg/m(2), P = 0.04 for interaction).
163	11872697	This variant strongly associates with insulin resistance and, in subjects with the Trp64Arg ADRB3 variant, an increased BMI, suggesting an interaction between these two common gene variants.
164	11872697	Association between a novel variant of the human type 2 deiodinase gene Thr92Ala and insulin resistance: evidence of interaction with the Trp64Arg variant of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor.
165	11872697	We performed molecular scanning of the human type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) gene and evaluated a novel variant for associations with obesity and insulin resistance, assessing both the main effect and interaction with the Trp64Arg beta-3--adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) variant.
166	11872697	Association analysis of the entire group showed significant evidence for a synergistic effect between the Thr92Ala DIO2 and Trp64Arg ADRB3 variants on BMI (both variants 34.3 plus minus 0.9 kg/m(2) vs. neither variant 33.1 plus minus 0.4 kg/m(2), P = 0.04 for interaction).
167	11872697	This variant strongly associates with insulin resistance and, in subjects with the Trp64Arg ADRB3 variant, an increased BMI, suggesting an interaction between these two common gene variants.
168	11965829	Candidate genes for the metabolic syndrome include those for the beta 3-adrenergic receptor, lipoprotein lipase, hormone sensitive lipase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, insulin receptor substrate-1 and glycogen synthase.
169	12062855	Polymorphisms of the beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) genes were analyzed with RFLP methods.
170	12062855	In the Trp/Trp genotype of the beta3AR gene, the levels of serum leptin, FPG and fructosamine (FrAm) decreased significantly after the exercise program, but not in the Arg/Arg genotype.
171	12062855	In conclusion, gene polymorphism of the beta3AR and UCP-1 was found to be associated with the exercise-mediated improvement in glucose tolerance and leptin resistance in healthy Japanese men.
172	12062855	Polymorphisms of the beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) genes were analyzed with RFLP methods.
173	12062855	In the Trp/Trp genotype of the beta3AR gene, the levels of serum leptin, FPG and fructosamine (FrAm) decreased significantly after the exercise program, but not in the Arg/Arg genotype.
174	12062855	In conclusion, gene polymorphism of the beta3AR and UCP-1 was found to be associated with the exercise-mediated improvement in glucose tolerance and leptin resistance in healthy Japanese men.
175	12062855	Polymorphisms of the beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) genes were analyzed with RFLP methods.
176	12062855	In the Trp/Trp genotype of the beta3AR gene, the levels of serum leptin, FPG and fructosamine (FrAm) decreased significantly after the exercise program, but not in the Arg/Arg genotype.
177	12062855	In conclusion, gene polymorphism of the beta3AR and UCP-1 was found to be associated with the exercise-mediated improvement in glucose tolerance and leptin resistance in healthy Japanese men.
178	12324979	The Japanese have a higher prevalence of polymorphisms for at least three genes that code for proteins thought to play key roles in lipid and glucose metabolism: the beta 3-adrenergic receptor, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and calpain-10.
179	12464941	This review presents recent concepts of how beta-agonists affect glucose homeostasis by modulating insulin secretion, liver metabolism, and uptake of glucose into muscle, with attention to the influence of hypoglycemia on beta-agonist sensitivity and the effects of beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (beta(3)AR) polymorphisms on adipocyte metabolism.
180	12877068	We have recently reported that obese Japanese with the missense mutation (Trp64Arg) of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) gene and/or the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene mutation (A-3826G) have difficulties in weight loss by the reducing RMR, while Japanese with beta 2-AR gene mutation (Arg16Gly) have an under-weight condition through increased RMR.
181	12877070	Among candidate genes are genes encoding glycogen synthase, beta 3-adrenergic receptor, glycogen-associated regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1, peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma), leptin and adiponectin.
182	12943691	The beta(3)-adrenergic receptor gene (BAR-3) allelic variant (Trp64Arg and Arg64Arg) is correlated with obesity or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
183	14747257	Influence of the polymorphisms Tpr64Arg in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene and Pro12Ala in the PPAR gamma 2 gene on metabolic syndrome-related phenotypes in an indigenous population of the Brazilian Amazon.
184	15061987	[Common variants in beta 3-adrenergic-receptor and uncoupling protein-2 genes are associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity].
185	15111495	Mechanistically, although the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) was greatly increased in caveolin-1 null adipocytes, the phosphorylation of perilipin was dramatically reduced, indicating that caveolin-1 may facilitate the PKA-mediated phosphorylation of perilipin.
186	15111495	In support of this hypothesis, coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that treatment with a beta(3)-adrenergic receptor agonist resulted in ligand-induced complex formation between perilipin, caveolin-1, and the catalytic subunit of PKA in wild-type but not in caveolin-1 null fat pads.
187	15111495	We also show that caveolin-1 expression is important for efficient lipid droplet formation because caveolin-1 null embryonic fibroblasts stably transfected with perilipin accumulated approximately 4.5-fold less lipid than perilipin-transfected wild-type cells.
188	15318095	Polymorphisms of interleukin-1 beta and beta 3-adrenergic receptor in Japanese patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
189	15334374	The Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) has been reported to be associated with insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
190	15334374	The objective of this study is to investigate whether the ADRB3 Arg variant confers susceptibility to GDM in a Taiwanese population.
191	15334374	However, ADRB3 polymorphism might be a possible determinant of insulin resistance.
192	15334374	The Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) has been reported to be associated with insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
193	15334374	The objective of this study is to investigate whether the ADRB3 Arg variant confers susceptibility to GDM in a Taiwanese population.
194	15334374	However, ADRB3 polymorphism might be a possible determinant of insulin resistance.
195	15334374	The Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) has been reported to be associated with insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
196	15334374	The objective of this study is to investigate whether the ADRB3 Arg variant confers susceptibility to GDM in a Taiwanese population.
197	15334374	However, ADRB3 polymorphism might be a possible determinant of insulin resistance.
198	15743038	Beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) stimulates lipolysis in human fat cells, so its gene can constitute a candidate to explain a part of genetic predisposition to human obesity and related disorders.
199	15743038	The Trp64Arg polymorphism in the beta3AR gene has been reported to be associated with insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes; little is known about its possible association with cancer.
200	15743038	The odds ratios for the Trp/Arg and Arg/Arg genotypes as well as for the Arg allele were considerably higher than 1.
201	15743038	Analysis of the polymorphism in the cancer group patients due to BMI revealed that the distribution of genotypes and the frequency of alleles in obese/overweight patients differed significantly from those in patients with normal weight with an odds ratio for the Trp/Arg genotype and the Arg allele of about 4.
202	15743038	Beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) stimulates lipolysis in human fat cells, so its gene can constitute a candidate to explain a part of genetic predisposition to human obesity and related disorders.
203	15743038	The Trp64Arg polymorphism in the beta3AR gene has been reported to be associated with insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes; little is known about its possible association with cancer.
204	15743038	The odds ratios for the Trp/Arg and Arg/Arg genotypes as well as for the Arg allele were considerably higher than 1.
205	15743038	Analysis of the polymorphism in the cancer group patients due to BMI revealed that the distribution of genotypes and the frequency of alleles in obese/overweight patients differed significantly from those in patients with normal weight with an odds ratio for the Trp/Arg genotype and the Arg allele of about 4.
206	16360289	Our hypothesis has the following clinical implications: (1) differing responses to weight loss may be seen with regards to insulin resistance depending on the size of the fat depot; individuals with small fat depots having to maintain an extremely low body mass to preserve an insulin sensitive phenotype while individuals with a large fat depot may become insulin sensitive even when still clinically obese with some amount of weight loss; (2) peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists, such as thiazoledinediones which expand the subcutaneous fat depot, may be especially useful in improving insulin resistance in individuals with small fat depots; (3) expanding alternate storage sites for triglycerides by a variety of techniques, such as resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy, may also improve insulin resistance; (4) drugs, such as beta 3 adrenergic receptor agonists which promote lipolysis and have been suggested as possible agents in the treatment of obesity may actually increase insulin resistance by releasing free fatty acids into the circulation.
207	17046546	We studied possible relations between GDM and both insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) (Gly972Arg) and beta3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3 Trp64Arg, beta3-AR) gene mutations, considered potential modifying factors in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
208	17046546	Age, family history of diabetes, prepregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, plasma glucose levels, hemoglobin A1c, islet autoantibody levels, and insulin treatment during pregnancy were all evaluated.
209	17046546	All pregnant women were genotyped for IRS-1 (Gly972Arg) and beta3-AR (ADRB3 Trp64Arg) polymorphisms.
210	17046546	We studied possible relations between GDM and both insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) (Gly972Arg) and beta3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3 Trp64Arg, beta3-AR) gene mutations, considered potential modifying factors in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
211	17046546	Age, family history of diabetes, prepregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, plasma glucose levels, hemoglobin A1c, islet autoantibody levels, and insulin treatment during pregnancy were all evaluated.
212	17046546	All pregnant women were genotyped for IRS-1 (Gly972Arg) and beta3-AR (ADRB3 Trp64Arg) polymorphisms.
213	18249219	Interaction of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ADRB2, ADRB3, TNF, IL6, IGF1R, LIPC, LEPR, and GHRL with physical activity on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and changes in characteristics of the metabolic syndrome: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.
214	18249219	Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADRB2, ADRB3, TNF, IL6, IGF1R, LIPC, LEPR, and GHRL genes were associated with the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS).
215	18249219	Interaction of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ADRB2, ADRB3, TNF, IL6, IGF1R, LIPC, LEPR, and GHRL with physical activity on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and changes in characteristics of the metabolic syndrome: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.
216	18249219	Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADRB2, ADRB3, TNF, IL6, IGF1R, LIPC, LEPR, and GHRL genes were associated with the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS).
217	18612674	Leptin resembles beta3AR agonists in that it increases fat oxidation, energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity.
218	18612674	The beta1AR and beta2AR can, like the beta3AR, display atypical pharmacologies.
219	18612674	Leptin resembles beta3AR agonists in that it increases fat oxidation, energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity.
220	18612674	The beta1AR and beta2AR can, like the beta3AR, display atypical pharmacologies.
221	19576569	In humans, three genes--ADRB1, ADRB2 and ADRB3--encode beta-adrenoreceptors (ADRB); these molecules mediate the action of catecholamines in multiple tissues and play pivotal roles in cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and immunological functions.
222	19594364	We genotyped 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms for 10 obesity candidate genes including adrenergic beta-2-receptor surface, adrenergic beta-3-receptor surface, angiotensinogen, fat mass and obesity associated gene, guanine nucleotide binding protein beta polypeptide 3 (GNB3), interleukin 6 receptor, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1), uncoupling protein 1, uncoupling protein 2, and uncoupling protein 3.
223	19594364	Single-locus analyses showed significant main effects of the GNB3 and PCSK1 genes on the risk of T2D among the nonobese group (p = 0.002 and 0.047, respectively).
224	19594364	Further, interactions involving GNB3 and PCSK1 were suggested among the nonobese population using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method (p = 0.001).
225	19594364	In addition, interactions among angiotensinogen, fat mass and obesity associated gene, GNB3, and uncoupling protein 3 genes were found in a significant four-locus generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction model among the obese population (p = 0.001).
226	20091127	Variation in the ADRB3 gene (ADRB3) has been associated with obesity and the earlier onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in some ethnic groups, as well as some production traits of sheep, but to date variation of bovine ADRB3 has not been reported.
227	21475918	Moreover, the HF-WL diet promoted mRNA expression of β3-adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) in WAT and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) mRNA in skeletal muscle tissues.
228	22937051	Human-specific SNP in obesity genes, adrenergic receptor beta2 (ADRB2), Beta3 (ADRB3), and PPAR γ2 (PPARG), during primate evolution.
229	23132673	The authors investigated 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms among 9 genes (ADRB3, ENPP1, FTO, LEP, PPARG, PPARGC1A, SLC2A2, TCF7L2, and UCP2) associated with type 2 diabetes or obesity.
230	23132673	Additionally, maternal LEP rs2071045 (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.60) and offspring UCP2 rs660339 (RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.64) were associated with NTD risk.
231	23291629	Ablation of TRIP-Br2, a regulator of fat lipolysis, thermogenesis and oxidative metabolism, prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
232	23291629	TRIP-Br2-null mice are resistant to obesity and obesity-related insulin resistance.
233	23291629	Adipocytes of these knockout mice showed greater stimulated lipolysis secondary to enhanced expression of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and β3-adrenergic (Adrb3) receptors.
234	23291629	These data, together with the observation that TRIP-Br2 expression is selectively elevated in visceral fat in obese humans, suggests that this transcriptional co-regulator is a new therapeutic target for counteracting the development of obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia.
235	23798383	Shox2 is a molecular determinant of depot-specific adipocyte function.
236	23798383	The reduced adipocyte size is secondary to a twofold increase in the expression of β3 adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) at both the mRNA and protein level and a parallel increase in lipolytic rate.
237	23798383	Conversely, overexpression of Shox2 leads to a repression of Adrb3 expression and decrease lipolytic rate.
238	23798383	Shox2 does not affect differentiation but directly interacts with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and attenuates its transcriptional activity of the Adrb3 promoter.
239	23798383	Thus, Shox2 can regulate the expression of Adrb3 and control the rate of lipolysis and, in this way, exerts control of the phenotypic differences between visceral and s.c. adipocytes.
240	23798383	Shox2 is a molecular determinant of depot-specific adipocyte function.
241	23798383	The reduced adipocyte size is secondary to a twofold increase in the expression of β3 adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) at both the mRNA and protein level and a parallel increase in lipolytic rate.
242	23798383	Conversely, overexpression of Shox2 leads to a repression of Adrb3 expression and decrease lipolytic rate.
243	23798383	Shox2 does not affect differentiation but directly interacts with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and attenuates its transcriptional activity of the Adrb3 promoter.
244	23798383	Thus, Shox2 can regulate the expression of Adrb3 and control the rate of lipolysis and, in this way, exerts control of the phenotypic differences between visceral and s.c. adipocytes.
245	23798383	Shox2 is a molecular determinant of depot-specific adipocyte function.
246	23798383	The reduced adipocyte size is secondary to a twofold increase in the expression of β3 adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) at both the mRNA and protein level and a parallel increase in lipolytic rate.
247	23798383	Conversely, overexpression of Shox2 leads to a repression of Adrb3 expression and decrease lipolytic rate.
248	23798383	Shox2 does not affect differentiation but directly interacts with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and attenuates its transcriptional activity of the Adrb3 promoter.
249	23798383	Thus, Shox2 can regulate the expression of Adrb3 and control the rate of lipolysis and, in this way, exerts control of the phenotypic differences between visceral and s.c. adipocytes.
250	23798383	Shox2 is a molecular determinant of depot-specific adipocyte function.
251	23798383	The reduced adipocyte size is secondary to a twofold increase in the expression of β3 adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) at both the mRNA and protein level and a parallel increase in lipolytic rate.
252	23798383	Conversely, overexpression of Shox2 leads to a repression of Adrb3 expression and decrease lipolytic rate.
253	23798383	Shox2 does not affect differentiation but directly interacts with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and attenuates its transcriptional activity of the Adrb3 promoter.
254	23798383	Thus, Shox2 can regulate the expression of Adrb3 and control the rate of lipolysis and, in this way, exerts control of the phenotypic differences between visceral and s.c. adipocytes.