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PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
17692936
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Apelin, a newly identified angiotensin (Ang) II homologue, has been implicated in diabetes.
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17692936
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We previously reported that apelin exerts an opposing influence on the Ang II signaling.
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17692936
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Our aim was to further implore whether apelin could regulate intrarenal artery tone in response to Ang II and Ang IV in diabetes.
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17692936
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The phosphorylation, and protein levels of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), and apelin receptor APJ were analyzed by Western blotting.
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17692936
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Diminished expression of APJ protein and enhanced contractile responses to Ang II and Ang IV were exhibited in renal arteries from db/db mice.
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6 |
17692936
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Apelin supplement reversed the abnormal renal vascular responsiveness to Ang II and acetylcholine, but not to Ang IV in db/db mice.
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7 |
17692936
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Apelin treatment may regulate the balance between Ang II and NO and thereby exert beneficial effects on the diabetic vascular pathophysiology.
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8 |
17692936
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Apelin, a newly identified angiotensin (Ang) II homologue, has been implicated in diabetes.
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9 |
17692936
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We previously reported that apelin exerts an opposing influence on the Ang II signaling.
|
10 |
17692936
|
Our aim was to further implore whether apelin could regulate intrarenal artery tone in response to Ang II and Ang IV in diabetes.
|
11 |
17692936
|
The phosphorylation, and protein levels of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), and apelin receptor APJ were analyzed by Western blotting.
|
12 |
17692936
|
Diminished expression of APJ protein and enhanced contractile responses to Ang II and Ang IV were exhibited in renal arteries from db/db mice.
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13 |
17692936
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Apelin supplement reversed the abnormal renal vascular responsiveness to Ang II and acetylcholine, but not to Ang IV in db/db mice.
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14 |
17692936
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Apelin treatment may regulate the balance between Ang II and NO and thereby exert beneficial effects on the diabetic vascular pathophysiology.
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15 |
20416860
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The discovery of apelin, an endogenous ligand of the orphan APJ receptor, constitutes an important advance in both fundamental research and clinical medicine.
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16 |
20416860
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Besides its diuretic action, when injected into the blood stream, apelin decreases blood pressure and increases the contractile force of the myocardium while decreasing pre- and post-load, actions opposing those of vasopressin and angiotensin II.
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17 |
20416860
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Finally, a systemic injection of apelin in insulin-resistant mice decreases glycemia and enhances glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, contributing to homeostatic control of blood glucose.
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18 |
21808634
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Altered gut microbiota and endocannabinoid system tone in obese and diabetic leptin-resistant mice: impact on apelin regulation in adipose tissue.
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19 |
21808634
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We identified the roles of the eCB and LPS in the regulation of apelinergic system tone (apelin and APJ mRNA expression) in genetic obese and diabetic mice.
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20 |
21808634
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By using in vivo and in vitro models, we have demonstrated that both the eCB and low-grade inflammation differentially regulate apelin and APJ mRNA expression in adipose tissue.
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21 |
21808634
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Altered gut microbiota and endocannabinoid system tone in obese and diabetic leptin-resistant mice: impact on apelin regulation in adipose tissue.
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22 |
21808634
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We identified the roles of the eCB and LPS in the regulation of apelinergic system tone (apelin and APJ mRNA expression) in genetic obese and diabetic mice.
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23 |
21808634
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By using in vivo and in vitro models, we have demonstrated that both the eCB and low-grade inflammation differentially regulate apelin and APJ mRNA expression in adipose tissue.
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24 |
22125210
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Apelin is a recently discovered biologically active peptide present in several isoforms that are agonists for orphan receptor APJ.
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25 |
22125210
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Apelin and APJ receptor were found in the central nervous system and in different peripheral tissues.
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26 |
22125210
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Apelin interacts with other compounds regulating blood pressure; for instance with angiotensin II, vasopressin, and with the sympathetic nervous system.
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27 |
22125210
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It appears that apelin may play essential role in pathogenesis of insulin-resistant obesity.
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28 |
22125210
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Apelin is a recently discovered biologically active peptide present in several isoforms that are agonists for orphan receptor APJ.
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29 |
22125210
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Apelin and APJ receptor were found in the central nervous system and in different peripheral tissues.
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30 |
22125210
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Apelin interacts with other compounds regulating blood pressure; for instance with angiotensin II, vasopressin, and with the sympathetic nervous system.
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31 |
22125210
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It appears that apelin may play essential role in pathogenesis of insulin-resistant obesity.
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32 |
23577111
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Apelin receptor (APLNR) and the endogenous ligand of APLNR, apelin, induce the sprouting of endothelial cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner, which may be one of the mechanisms of DN.
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33 |
23577111
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Therefore, we observed apelin/APLNR expression in kidneys from patients with type 2 diabetes as well as the correlation between albuminuria and serum apelin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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34 |
23577111
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The results showed that serum apelin was significantly higher in the patients with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy people (p<0.05, Fig. 1B) and that urinary albumin was positively correlated with serum apelin (R = 0.78, p<0.05).
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35 |
23577111
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Apelin also promoted the permeability of glomerular endothelial cells (p<0.05) and upregulated the expression of VEGFR2 and Tie2 in glomerular endothelial cells (p<0.05).
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36 |
23577111
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These results indicated that upregulated apelin in type 2 diabetes, which may be attributed to increased fat mass, promotes angiogenesis in glomeruli to form abnormal vessels and that enhanced apelin increases permeability via upregulating the expression of VEGFR2 and Tie2 in glomerular endothelial cells.
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37 |
23577111
|
Apelin receptor (APLNR) and the endogenous ligand of APLNR, apelin, induce the sprouting of endothelial cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner, which may be one of the mechanisms of DN.
|
38 |
23577111
|
Therefore, we observed apelin/APLNR expression in kidneys from patients with type 2 diabetes as well as the correlation between albuminuria and serum apelin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
|
39 |
23577111
|
The results showed that serum apelin was significantly higher in the patients with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy people (p<0.05, Fig. 1B) and that urinary albumin was positively correlated with serum apelin (R = 0.78, p<0.05).
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40 |
23577111
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Apelin also promoted the permeability of glomerular endothelial cells (p<0.05) and upregulated the expression of VEGFR2 and Tie2 in glomerular endothelial cells (p<0.05).
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41 |
23577111
|
These results indicated that upregulated apelin in type 2 diabetes, which may be attributed to increased fat mass, promotes angiogenesis in glomeruli to form abnormal vessels and that enhanced apelin increases permeability via upregulating the expression of VEGFR2 and Tie2 in glomerular endothelial cells.
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