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Gene Information
Gene symbol: ALPI
Gene name: alkaline phosphatase, intestinal
HGNC ID: 437
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 5067 | The diabetes mellitus caused the following changes in the metabolism: reduction in the concentration of ATP and NADPH, increase in the lactate/pyruvate quotient to above 40, reduction in the ATP/ADP quotient to below 1, reduction in the level of activity of the hydrogen-conveying enzymes G-6-P-dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, increase in the level of activity of the alkaline phosphatase, reduction of the protein content. |
| 2 | 126806 | Transverse sections of this muscle from normal and diabetic rats were histochemically assayed for reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide-diaphorase, myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. |
| 3 | 163776 | Liver plasma membranes, prepared from diabetic animals, showed enhanced activities of alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase and depressed 5'-nucleotidase when compared with controls. |
| 4 | 415444 | Treatment with insulin led to lowering of serum GOT, GPT, and ceruloplasmin while serum alkaline phosphatase remained low. |
| 5 | 415444 | In dithizonized diabetic animals, the levels of serum GOT, GPT, and alkaline phosphatase were found to be higher than normal, while ceruloplasmin levels were unchanged. |
| 6 | 415444 | Treatment with insulin led to lowering of serum GOT, GPT, and ceruloplasmin while serum alkaline phosphatase remained low. |
| 7 | 415444 | In dithizonized diabetic animals, the levels of serum GOT, GPT, and alkaline phosphatase were found to be higher than normal, while ceruloplasmin levels were unchanged. |
| 8 | 621574 | Diabetes, induced by alloxan or streptozotocin, increased serum alkaline phosphatase 3- to 5-fold in fed rats and the elevated activity was reduced by insulin administration. |
| 9 | 621574 | In the absence of insulin, fasting alone was able to reduce the serum alkaline phosphatase of diabetic rats to control values. |
| 10 | 621574 | Diabetes, induced by alloxan or streptozotocin, increased serum alkaline phosphatase 3- to 5-fold in fed rats and the elevated activity was reduced by insulin administration. |
| 11 | 621574 | In the absence of insulin, fasting alone was able to reduce the serum alkaline phosphatase of diabetic rats to control values. |
| 12 | 622887 | The levels of heat-labile alkaline phosphatase (HLAP), heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) and acid phosphatase (AcP) were determined and compared to the enzyme levels in 179 samples from women with normal pregnancies of corresponding gestational ages. |
| 13 | 622887 | HSAP and AcP showed increased activity at term. |
| 14 | 622887 | HSAP was decreased (p less than 0.01) in isoimmunization between the 36th and 40th week. 11 cases of toxaemia with placental insufficiency showed no differences in the levels of HLAP and HSAP compared with normal pregnancy. |
| 15 | 622887 | Some samples had normal enzyme levels, some had high levels of HLAP only and some had high levels of HSAP and AcP. |
| 16 | 696683 | Adenosine deaminase was normal in most patients with extrahepatic obstruction and abnormal in most patients with parenchymal hepatic disease, and is potentially a useful test additional to the aminotransferases in routine diagnosis. 5'-Nucleotidase was more sensitive and specific than alkaline phosphatase in diagnosing hepatobiliary disorders. |
| 17 | 913894 | There were no significant correlations between M/W differences from expected and serum Ca, Mg, P, or alkaline phosphatase levels, estimated physical activity level, insulin dosage, or the presence of joint contracture. |
| 18 | 981801 | Disaccharidase (maltase, sucrase, trehalase, lactase) and alkaline phosphatase activities were not affected in intestinal mucosa of glucagon-treated rats compared to controls. |
| 19 | 1092602 | Maltase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly elevated in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, whereas those of lactase, trehalase, and peptide hydrolase were normal. |
| 20 | 1275628 | Both patients had notably elevated serum parathyroid hormone and serum alkaline phosphatase levels, as well as severe hyperphosphatemia. |
| 21 | 1400997 | Fifty-four strains of Peptostreptococcus magnus (11 were recovered from abdominal infections, 18 were from nonpuerperal breast abscesses, and 21 were from diabetic foot infections; the type strain and three other strains were from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md.) and the type strain of Peptostreptococcus micros were tested for their ability to produce various enzymes, including catalase, hippurate hydrolase, serine dehydratase, threonine dehydratase, collagenase, gelatinase, alkaline phosphatase, and esterase C4. |
| 22 | 1424153 | We adapted the electrophoretic method of bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) determination using neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae to separate bone and liver ALP on cellulose acetate membrane. |
| 23 | 1424153 | Treatment of separator plus serum (1:8, neuraminidase 111 U/l in final) for 10 min at room temperature (25 +/- 1 degree C) and subsequent electrophoresis made it possible to quantify bone ALP activity simply and rapidly. |
| 24 | 1506036 | Administration of it at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight decreased significantly the concentration of serum lipids, blood glucose and activities of serum enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase and liver glucose-6-phosphatase. |
| 25 | 1568315 | We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) identified in human serum by cellulose acetate electrophoresis in 8% of fasting serum samples from hospital patients (n = 500) and in 35% of fasting serum samples from patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 106; not differentiated between types 1 and 2). |
| 26 | 1568315 | Isoelectric focusing of intestinal-ALP-positive serum treated with levamisole and neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) revealed two distinct regions of enzymatic activity that comigrated with ALP extracted from small intestinal and colonic mucosa. |
| 27 | 1568315 | Anodic intestinal ALP was resistant to treatment with levamisole and neuraminidase and comigrated with ALP from small intestinal mucosa. |
| 28 | 1568315 | The more-cathodic intestinal ALP, which comigrated with ALP from colonic mucosa, was completely inhibited by levamisole and converted by neuraminidase to a species with a more basic pI than that of neuraminidase-digested tissue-nonspecific form. |
| 29 | 1663206 | There were no changes in the biochemical indices of bone formation, serum osteocalcin (elevated in the lactating group) and alkaline phosphatase, in any group. |
| 30 | 1667646 | Specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was suppressed in caput epididymidis and in the spermatozoa collected from caput and cauda epididymides, while the acid phosphatase was unaffected. |
| 31 | 1685160 | Urinary enzyme activities (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase [NAG], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], leucine aminopeptidase [LAP], gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [gamma-GTP]) were investigated to determine their clinical significance in diabetic nephropathy. |
| 32 | 1685160 | There were correlations among ALP, LAP, and gamma-GTP, though no correlation existed between NAG and the other three enzymes. |
| 33 | 1685160 | The results of our study suggest that NAG reflects lysosomal dysfunction of both glomerular and proximal tubular epithelial cells, which may be caused by poor glycemic control, and that ALP, LAP, and gamma-GTP reflect brush border damage of proximal tubules, which may be caused by diabetic nephropathy. |
| 34 | 1700700 | Treatment of membranes from diabetic animals with alkaline phosphatase caused the dephosphorylation of alpha-Gi-2 and rendered it susceptible to subsequent phosphorylation with protein kinase C. |
| 35 | 1700741 | We investigated by enzyme electrophoresis after prolonged neuraminidase treatment the activity of "intestinal variant" (alpha 2-globulin mobility) alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1; ALP) in the plasma of 189 patients selected for disorders (diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and chronic renal failure) with a known high frequency of increased plasma intestinal (beta-globulin mobility) ALP activity. |
| 36 | 1815119 | [Effect of insulin on the activity of bone alkaline phosphatase in culture]. |
| 37 | 1815119 | To test this hypothesis we have measured, as a marker of osteoblast activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) released by rat limb intact bones incubated in the presence and in the absence of physiological concentration of insulin. |
| 38 | 1815119 | The results indicate that insulin significantly (p less than 0.012) increases ALP by a mean value of 48% (from 5.4% to 215%) over matched controls. |
| 39 | 1815119 | [Effect of insulin on the activity of bone alkaline phosphatase in culture]. |
| 40 | 1815119 | To test this hypothesis we have measured, as a marker of osteoblast activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) released by rat limb intact bones incubated in the presence and in the absence of physiological concentration of insulin. |
| 41 | 1815119 | The results indicate that insulin significantly (p less than 0.012) increases ALP by a mean value of 48% (from 5.4% to 215%) over matched controls. |
| 42 | 1816977 | To elucidate the mechanisms of decreased autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor in diabetic rats, we have investigated the effect of dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor by alkaline phosphatase on the insulin- and protein kinase-stimulating incorporation of 32P into the receptor of the liver from STZ-D rats. |
| 43 | 1816977 | Both basal and insulin-stimulated autophosphorylations of the insulin receptor from STZ-D rats were significantly impaired to those from normal rats. |
| 44 | 1816977 | Dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor by alkaline phosphatase resulted in an increase in insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor from STZ-D rats (43 +/- 13% to 66 +/- 14%, P less than 0.05), but not from normal rats (100% to 109 +/- 12%, NS). |
| 45 | 1816977 | Although maximal autophosphorylation of the dephosphorylated insulin receptor was still lower in STZ-D rats than in normal rats, the increase in insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor from STZ-D rats by dephosphorylation was higher than that from normal (159.2 +/- 27.2% vs 108.0 +/- 12.4%, p less than 0.01), supporting the idea that the residues of the insulin receptor of STZ-D rats was highly phosphorylated. |
| 46 | 1816977 | To elucidate the mechanisms of decreased autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor in diabetic rats, we have investigated the effect of dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor by alkaline phosphatase on the insulin- and protein kinase-stimulating incorporation of 32P into the receptor of the liver from STZ-D rats. |
| 47 | 1816977 | Both basal and insulin-stimulated autophosphorylations of the insulin receptor from STZ-D rats were significantly impaired to those from normal rats. |
| 48 | 1816977 | Dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor by alkaline phosphatase resulted in an increase in insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor from STZ-D rats (43 +/- 13% to 66 +/- 14%, P less than 0.05), but not from normal rats (100% to 109 +/- 12%, NS). |
| 49 | 1816977 | Although maximal autophosphorylation of the dephosphorylated insulin receptor was still lower in STZ-D rats than in normal rats, the increase in insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor from STZ-D rats by dephosphorylation was higher than that from normal (159.2 +/- 27.2% vs 108.0 +/- 12.4%, p less than 0.01), supporting the idea that the residues of the insulin receptor of STZ-D rats was highly phosphorylated. |
| 50 | 1914539 | Serum (S-) transaminase was elevated in 92%, S-alkaline phosphatase in 47% and S-bilirubin in 23%, while plasma prothrombin time was below normal in 34%. |
| 51 | 1921315 | The marker genes are: plasma alkaline phosphatase-1 (Alp-1), catalase-1 (Cs-1), carboxylesterases (Es-1, Es-2, Es-14), glyoxalase I (Glo-1), group specific component (Gc), and haemoglobin-beta-chain (Hbb). |
| 52 | 1975116 | Urinary enzyme activities (N-acetyl- beta-D-glucosaminidase: NAG, alkaline phosphatase: ALP, leucine aminopeptidase: LAP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: gamma-GTP) were determined by spectrophotometric assay, rate assay, Tuppy method and Orlowski method, respectively. 1) In group A, the percentage of the cases which showed higher than the normal range (NAG: 1.3-8.7, ALP: 4.2-17.7, LAP: 0-22.9 U/g. cer.) was 42.2% in NAG, 21.6% in ALP, and 8.8% in LAP. |
| 53 | 1975116 | In a multiple regression analysis, the predictor variables which contributed to NAG were HbA1c, age, urinary protein and the one that contributed to ALP, LAP, gamma-GTP was urinary beta 2-microglobulin. 2) In group B, 87% of NAG was above the normal range (Mean +/- 2 SD; 4.8 +/- 3.9 U/day). |
| 54 | 1975116 | The percent of high activities of ALP, LAP and gamma-GTP were 17%, 17%, 4%, respectively. |
| 55 | 1975116 | There were correlations among ALP, LAP and gamma-GTP, though no correlation existed between NAG and the other three enzymes. |
| 56 | 1999482 | Activation of skeletal muscle casein kinase II by insulin is not diminished in subjects with insulin resistance. |
| 57 | 1999482 | To identify the putative postreceptor lesion responsible for insulin resistance in Pima Indians, we investigated the influence of insulin on the activity of casein kinase II (CKII) in skeletal muscle of seven insulin-sensitive, four insulin-resistant, nondiabetic, and five insulin-resistant diabetic Pima Indians during a 2 h hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp. |
| 58 | 1999482 | Basal CKII activity was correlated with fasting plasma insulin concentrations, suggesting that the higher activity in resistant subjects resulted from insulin action. |
| 59 | 1999482 | Extracts of muscle obtained from all three groups either before or after insulin administration were treated with immobilized alkaline phosphatase, which reduced and equalized CKII activity. |
| 60 | 1999482 | These results suggest that insulin stimulates CKII activity in human skeletal muscle by a mechanism involving phosphorylation of either CKII or of an effector molecule, and support the idea that elevated basal activity in resistant subjects results from insulin action. |
| 61 | 1999482 | It appears that the ability of insulin to activate CKII in skeletal muscle is not impaired in insulin-resistant Pima Indians, and that the biochemical lesion responsible for insulin resistance occurs either downstream from CKII or in a different pathway of insulin action. |
| 62 | 2157497 | The purified PIP kinase showed no contamination by the following enzyme activities: phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinase (EC 2.7.1.67), protein kinase C (EC 2.7.1.-), diacylglycerol kinase (EC 2.7.1.-), phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.11), protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.112), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), triphosphoinositide phosphomonoesterase (EC 3.1.3.36), adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37). |
| 63 | 2173835 | Staging included: case history, physical examination, full blood count, biochemical tests (alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, GGTP, LDH), CEA, X-ray assessment including CT scan of the chest, bronchoscopy, peritoneoscopy, liver scan (US was not routinely used at the beginning), bilateral bone marrow trephine biopsy, and bone scan. |
| 64 | 2246006 | Serum zinc and levels of certain zinc containing enzymes like 'lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and serum insulin were studied in twenty five normal and fifty non insulin dependent diabetics. |
| 65 | 2336924 | In control pancreas, some enzyme activities (EA) were more prominent in Langerhans islets [glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (DH), isocitrate DH, glycerol-3-phosphate DH, NADPH DH], others were strongly marked in acini and ducts (alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, acid esterase aryl-sulfatase). |
| 66 | 2336924 | Histochemical and enzyme abnormalities observed in experimental rabbits reflect the post-ligation degenerative and reactive processes in both exocrine and endocrine pancreas: (1) the decrease in Krebs cycle and pentose pathway linked EA and the increased lysosomal and acid phosphatase EA reflect early (day 5) degeneration and necrosis of islets and acini (day 30); (2) proliferative processes in developed ductal epithelia are shown by an increase in both glycolytic and lysosomal EA (days 30 and 90); (3) connective tissue neogenesis and interstitial fibrosis occurred as shown by activated beta-glucuronidase, aryl-sulfatase, alkaline phosphatase and increased ribonucleoproteins and glycoaminoglycans contents (day 30); (4) on day 90, the neoformed cell clusters presenting glucose-6-phosphatase positivity (B-cell marker) are seen in the pancreas remnant. |
| 67 | 2336924 | In control pancreas, some enzyme activities (EA) were more prominent in Langerhans islets [glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (DH), isocitrate DH, glycerol-3-phosphate DH, NADPH DH], others were strongly marked in acini and ducts (alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, acid esterase aryl-sulfatase). |
| 68 | 2336924 | Histochemical and enzyme abnormalities observed in experimental rabbits reflect the post-ligation degenerative and reactive processes in both exocrine and endocrine pancreas: (1) the decrease in Krebs cycle and pentose pathway linked EA and the increased lysosomal and acid phosphatase EA reflect early (day 5) degeneration and necrosis of islets and acini (day 30); (2) proliferative processes in developed ductal epithelia are shown by an increase in both glycolytic and lysosomal EA (days 30 and 90); (3) connective tissue neogenesis and interstitial fibrosis occurred as shown by activated beta-glucuronidase, aryl-sulfatase, alkaline phosphatase and increased ribonucleoproteins and glycoaminoglycans contents (day 30); (4) on day 90, the neoformed cell clusters presenting glucose-6-phosphatase positivity (B-cell marker) are seen in the pancreas remnant. |
| 69 | 2343775 | During lactation the significant findings were (1) a selective reduction (7.1%, P less than 0.03) in BMD at the ultradistal site containing 60% trabecular bone, but not at two more proximal, chiefly cortical bone sites; (2) increased bone turnover affecting bone resorption [fasting hydroxyproline excretion, Lac 2.22 +/- 0.12 mumol/liter GF (mean +/- SEM), Con 1.19 +/- 0.04, P less than 0.001] and affecting bone formation (plasma alkaline phosphatase, Lac 81.9 +/- 2.5 IU/liter, Con 53.5 +/- 2.7, P less than 0.001, and serum osteocalcin, Lac 14.0 +/- 0.7 microgram/liter, Con 7.3 +/- 0.4, P less than 0.001); and (3) renal conservation in the fasting state of both Ca and inorganic phosphate (Pi) with a resultant moderate increase in plasma Pi but not in plasma Ca (total or ionized). |
| 70 | 2558445 | The aim of this work is to investigate the state of some components of neutrophil granules (cationic proteins, activity of myeloperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase) that play a major role in the mechanisms of destruction of microorganisms in phagocytosis. |
| 71 | 2559547 | Alloxan at concentrations 100 microM-10 mM inhibited acid phosphatase and especially alkaline phosphatase. |
| 72 | 2581866 | The following tests were made: content of glycogen and lipids, acid phosphatase (AP), alkaline phosphatase (AIP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nonspecific alpha-naphtol acetate esterase (NANAE) activity. |
| 73 | 2618881 | There was a significant correlation between serum osteocalcin level and alkaline phosphatase or PTH level. |
| 74 | 2629151 | To identify early markers of the preclinical stage of diabetic nephropathy, a study was made of the activity of the specific canalicular enzymes in urine: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), beta-glucuronidase (beta-G1), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with diabetes mellitus without (26) and with (15) proteinuria. |
| 75 | 2629151 | Concomitant elevation of the excretion of several enzymes (NAG, beta-Gl, GGT and AP) was observed in 50% of cases. |
| 76 | 2641514 | The changes in blood serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, total activity of alkaline phosphatase and the activity of its bone fraction, as well as urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, hydroxyproline and oxalate have been measured in 31 patients with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes, in 31 patients with non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes and in 29 healthy subjects in the condition of low-calcium diet. |
| 77 | 2665745 | However, the activities of two other marker enzymes of the brush border, alkaline-phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, were similar in the 4 groups of rabbits. |
| 78 | 2698041 | The inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by insulin is a finding reported by many researchers but the mechanism of this inhibition has not been studied. |
| 79 | 2698041 | Data suggest direct interaction between the alkaline phosphatase and insulin molecules, involving either disulfide cross linkages or the metal chelating activity of insulin. |
| 80 | 2698041 | The inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by insulin is a finding reported by many researchers but the mechanism of this inhibition has not been studied. |
| 81 | 2698041 | Data suggest direct interaction between the alkaline phosphatase and insulin molecules, involving either disulfide cross linkages or the metal chelating activity of insulin. |
| 82 | 2739355 | The urinary enzymes alanine amino-peptidase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and the two urine low-molecular mass proteins lysozyme and ribonuclease were measured in 30 healthy men and 36 insulin-dependent diabetics. 17 diabetics had "clinical proteinuria" (greater than 7.5 g/mol creatinine) and were defined as patients with manifest diabetic nephropathy. |
| 83 | 2785908 | To assess the possibility of such an interrelationship, we studied parameters relating to mineral metabolism (Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, Mg, PTH, and hydroxyproline (OHP)); bone remodeling (osteocalcin); diabetic control (HbA1c); and radiological study of the second metacarpal of the left hand and of bone age in 87 children with type 1 DM. |
| 84 | 2894906 | We measured the excretion rates of six urinary enzymes that either originate from the proximal renal tubule, like alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), or that are typical low-molecular-mass proteins, like lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) and pancreatic ribonuclease (EC 3.1.27.5). |
| 85 | 2894906 | These rates were compared with those of total protein and albumin in urine of 36 insulin-dependent diabetic men and 30 healthy men. |
| 86 | 2894906 | N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was the analyte most often increased in group A (89%), followed by albumin and alkaline phosphatase (each 32%). |
| 87 | 2894906 | We measured the excretion rates of six urinary enzymes that either originate from the proximal renal tubule, like alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), or that are typical low-molecular-mass proteins, like lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) and pancreatic ribonuclease (EC 3.1.27.5). |
| 88 | 2894906 | These rates were compared with those of total protein and albumin in urine of 36 insulin-dependent diabetic men and 30 healthy men. |
| 89 | 2894906 | N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was the analyte most often increased in group A (89%), followed by albumin and alkaline phosphatase (each 32%). |
| 90 | 2976378 | In serum investigations some metabolic changes concerning the activities of the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and the concentrations of urea and creatinine up to 30 days after drug application were studied. |
| 91 | 3015628 | Recent evidence suggests that the protein osteocalcin is like the bone alkaline phosphatase produced by osteoblasts and circulates in human blood. |
| 92 | 3015628 | Osteocalcin was elevated in primary hypoparathyroidism, low in untreated hypoparathyroidism but normal in hypoparathyroidism (including pseudohypoparathyroidism) during vitamin D treatment. |
| 93 | 3015628 | Osteocalcin (and urinary hydroxyproline) were not elevated in isolated hyperphosphatasaemia, indicating that mechanisms other than increased bone turnover may account for the markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity in these subjects. |
| 94 | 3015628 | Recent evidence suggests that the protein osteocalcin is like the bone alkaline phosphatase produced by osteoblasts and circulates in human blood. |
| 95 | 3015628 | Osteocalcin was elevated in primary hypoparathyroidism, low in untreated hypoparathyroidism but normal in hypoparathyroidism (including pseudohypoparathyroidism) during vitamin D treatment. |
| 96 | 3015628 | Osteocalcin (and urinary hydroxyproline) were not elevated in isolated hyperphosphatasaemia, indicating that mechanisms other than increased bone turnover may account for the markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity in these subjects. |
| 97 | 3063205 | In patients with chronic renal failure PTH values ranged from normal to high, the PTH concentration was found to be correlated with plasma alkaline phosphatase, but not with plasma creatinine. |
| 98 | 3125181 | Incubation of the insulin receptor purified from TPA-treated cells with alkaline phosphatase decreased the phosphate content of the beta-subunit to the control level and reversed the inhibition, suggesting that the serine phosphorylation of the beta-subunit was responsible for the decreased tyrosine kinase activity. |
| 99 | 3125181 | Our results support the notion that the insulin receptor is a substrate for protein kinase C in the Fao cell and that the increase in serine phosphorylation of the beta-subunit of the receptor produced by TPA treatment inhibited tyrosine kinase activity in vivo and in vitro. |
| 100 | 3125181 | These data suggest that protein kinase C may regulate the function of the insulin receptor. |
| 101 | 3233764 | Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes were measured in type 1 diabetics, type 2 diabetics and in a non-diabetic control group. |
| 102 | 3233764 | Within the diabetics and the control group, intestinal ALP activity was significantly higher in BO secretors than A secretors or ABO non-secretors. |
| 103 | 3527478 | The rules included in this model are based upon initial results for total protein, calcium, glucose, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, thyroxin, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and the concentrations of four drugs. |
| 104 | 3530724 | Demonstration of insulin receptors and modulation of alkaline phosphatase activity by insulin in rat osteoblastic cells. |
| 105 | 3530724 | These cells share many common features with the osteoblast, such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors, PTH receptors, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced modulation of alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin. |
| 106 | 3530724 | The receptors were highly specific for insulin, with 60% inhibition of insulin binding by an antireceptor antibody, no competition by epidermal growth factor, and an ED50 of 300 nM for proinsulin. |
| 107 | 3530724 | Chloroquine (100 microM) inhibited intracellular processing of insulin, leading to a 300% increase in cell-associated insulin by 2 h (37 C). |
| 108 | 3530724 | In contrast, physiological concentrations of insulin inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity in nonconfluent cells. |
| 109 | 3530724 | After exposure to insulin for 24 h, alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased compared to basal by 39.5% and 50% with 5 and 50 ng/ml insulin, respectively. |
| 110 | 3530724 | Demonstration of insulin receptors and modulation of alkaline phosphatase activity by insulin in rat osteoblastic cells. |
| 111 | 3530724 | These cells share many common features with the osteoblast, such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors, PTH receptors, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced modulation of alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin. |
| 112 | 3530724 | The receptors were highly specific for insulin, with 60% inhibition of insulin binding by an antireceptor antibody, no competition by epidermal growth factor, and an ED50 of 300 nM for proinsulin. |
| 113 | 3530724 | Chloroquine (100 microM) inhibited intracellular processing of insulin, leading to a 300% increase in cell-associated insulin by 2 h (37 C). |
| 114 | 3530724 | In contrast, physiological concentrations of insulin inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity in nonconfluent cells. |
| 115 | 3530724 | After exposure to insulin for 24 h, alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased compared to basal by 39.5% and 50% with 5 and 50 ng/ml insulin, respectively. |
| 116 | 3530724 | Demonstration of insulin receptors and modulation of alkaline phosphatase activity by insulin in rat osteoblastic cells. |
| 117 | 3530724 | These cells share many common features with the osteoblast, such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors, PTH receptors, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced modulation of alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin. |
| 118 | 3530724 | The receptors were highly specific for insulin, with 60% inhibition of insulin binding by an antireceptor antibody, no competition by epidermal growth factor, and an ED50 of 300 nM for proinsulin. |
| 119 | 3530724 | Chloroquine (100 microM) inhibited intracellular processing of insulin, leading to a 300% increase in cell-associated insulin by 2 h (37 C). |
| 120 | 3530724 | In contrast, physiological concentrations of insulin inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity in nonconfluent cells. |
| 121 | 3530724 | After exposure to insulin for 24 h, alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased compared to basal by 39.5% and 50% with 5 and 50 ng/ml insulin, respectively. |
| 122 | 3530724 | Demonstration of insulin receptors and modulation of alkaline phosphatase activity by insulin in rat osteoblastic cells. |
| 123 | 3530724 | These cells share many common features with the osteoblast, such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors, PTH receptors, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced modulation of alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin. |
| 124 | 3530724 | The receptors were highly specific for insulin, with 60% inhibition of insulin binding by an antireceptor antibody, no competition by epidermal growth factor, and an ED50 of 300 nM for proinsulin. |
| 125 | 3530724 | Chloroquine (100 microM) inhibited intracellular processing of insulin, leading to a 300% increase in cell-associated insulin by 2 h (37 C). |
| 126 | 3530724 | In contrast, physiological concentrations of insulin inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity in nonconfluent cells. |
| 127 | 3530724 | After exposure to insulin for 24 h, alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased compared to basal by 39.5% and 50% with 5 and 50 ng/ml insulin, respectively. |
| 128 | 3665032 | To measure changes in bone alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity in serum as a function of duration of pregnancy, we adapted our existing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme assay (which has been used to measure bone, hepatic, and intestinal ALP activities in serum, in the absence of placental ALP) to allow quantification of individual ALP isoenzyme activities in the presence of placental ALP. |
| 129 | 3671097 | Output of 14CO2 showed slight correlations with serum albumin and 99mTc-sulfur colloid scan grade, but not with other function tests (SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin). |
| 130 | 3716026 | Significantly increased serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin were found in the diabetics as well as increased levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphate independent of the duration of the diabetic state. |
| 131 | 3882158 | That these changes in the diabetic animals represent major alterations in renal brush-border membrane construction is further supported by our observation that the specific activity of the marker enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and neutral alpha-glucosidase, are profoundly increased and decreased, respectively, in this condition. |
| 132 | 3942450 | Patients with neoplasia were older and more frequently had abnormal physical findings and significantly lower values of serum albumin as well as higher values of alkaline phosphatase than other patients. |
| 133 | 3972185 | There was no difference in plasma levels of Ca, phosphate (Pi), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcitonin, 25-(OH)vitamin D (25[OH]D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25[OH]2D) between the NIDDM rats and their controls of either sex. |
| 134 | 3997134 | It is postulated that eosinophils rich in arylsulfatase B, peroxidase, glucuronidase, beta-glycerophosphatase, major basic protein, and eosinophilic cationic protein may further weaken the necrotic myocardium and, in part, determine whether acute myocardial infarction will eventually result in cardiac rupture. |
| 135 | 6120268 | Because of the scarcity of data on the changes of serum enzymes during diabetic ketoacidosis, the authors have prospectively studied the alterations of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT), and alanine aminotransferase (AIAT) in this metabolic disturbance. |
| 136 | 6250773 | Average values for serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, iron-binding capacity, magnesium, and hemoglobin values were normal. |
| 137 | 6360758 | Massive deposits of amyloid were observed in animals receiving as little as 17 mg of insulin over a time span of 52 days. |
| 138 | 6360758 | In those animals with hepatic amyloid, marked hepatomegaly was present (i.e., 1200 +/- 250, X +/- SD, versus 300 +/- 25 g for normal animals) and preterminal serum alkaline phosphatase levels were markedly elevated (434 +/- 285 versus 30 +/- 14 IU/L for animals without hepatic amyloid). |
| 139 | 6360758 | The magnitude of the hepatic amyloid deposits precludes the possibility that they represent insulin aggregates or insulin-derived products per se. |
| 140 | 6360758 | No evidence of amyloid was present in any of the tissue biopsy specimens obtained prior to insulin infusion. |
| 141 | 6360758 | It is of particular interest that the affinity of the amyloid deposits for Congo red stain was totally abolished by prior permanganate treatment, suggesting that the amyloid was derived from serum amyloid A protein rather than from immunoglobulin light chains or insulin aggregates per se. |
| 142 | 6434199 | As part of a six-month prospective study of the effects of neonatal thymectomy in the spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat, activities of the following enzymes were determined: alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and UDP-galactosyltransferase (UDPG). |
| 143 | 6482171 | Diabetic patients showed significantly lower serum calcium and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels than nondiabetic patients. iPTH was not related to total serum calcium, but was positively correlated with serum phosphorous (r = 0.37, P less than 0.05 and r = 0.54, P less than 0.005, in nondiabetic and diabetic patients, respectively). iPTH correlated with alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.59, P less than 0.0009) and calcitonin (r = 0.51, P less than 0.05) only in nondiabetic patients. |
| 144 | 6507299 | The prevalence of coronary heart disease, aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the mean serum cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and calcium levels were not significantly different between patients with MAC and the control subjects. |
| 145 | 6986535 | These findings suggest that in alloxan diabetic rats the increased disaccharidase activity in the small intestine is due to insulin deficiency, and that the increased activity of alkaline phosphatase is only a secondary effect of insulin deficiency, caused by increased food intake resulting from insulin deficiency. |
| 146 | 6989262 | Mesenchymal cell proliferation was inhibited in diabetic rats as evidenced by a 65% reduction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and a 56% reduction of [3H]thymidine incorporation per microgram DNA compared to nondiabetic controls; the inhibition was prevented by insulin treatment. |
| 147 | 6989262 | Calcification of cartilage and osteogenesis were reduced by more than 50% in diabetic rats and corrected by insulin as measured by alkaline phosphatase activity and 45Ca incorporation. |
| 148 | 7007680 | The PTH levels showed positive correlations with bone scan scores and with alkaline phosphatase in nondiabetic patients but not in diabetic patients. |
| 149 | 7028772 | Serum calcium and phosphate concentrations were normal, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was in the low normal range, and total serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated compared to age- and sex-matched controls. |
| 150 | 7031417 | Alkaline phosphatase activity in chronic streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in the rat: effect of insulin replacement. |
| 151 | 7031417 | Alterations in circulating alkaline phosphatase have been described in both man and the experimental animal with chronic insulin deficiency. |
| 152 | 7031417 | We evaluated plasma and tissue alkaline phosphatase levels in freely-fed control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats, seven weeks after the induction of diabetes. |
| 153 | 7031417 | Circulating alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly elevated in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.001) and completely normalized following insulin administration. |
| 154 | 7031417 | The elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity observed in the insulin deficient animals was heat-resistant and phenylalanine-sensitive, a pattern typical of the intestinal isoenzyme. |
| 155 | 7031417 | Small intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetic animals, but comparable in the insulin-replaced and control rats. |
| 156 | 7031417 | The intestinal isoenzyme activity was found to be strikingly insulin-sensitive; withholding insulin therapy for 36 hr prior to sacrifice resulted in an abrupt rise in both plasma and intestinal alkaline phosphatase values comparable to those observed in the insulin-deficient state. |
| 157 | 7031417 | In contrast to these observations, skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.01) and this abnormality was corrected by insulin replacement. |
| 158 | 7031417 | Neither insulin deficiency nor insulin replacement resulted in any significant changes in the hepatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. |
| 159 | 7031417 | Alkaline phosphatase activity in chronic streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in the rat: effect of insulin replacement. |
| 160 | 7031417 | Alterations in circulating alkaline phosphatase have been described in both man and the experimental animal with chronic insulin deficiency. |
| 161 | 7031417 | We evaluated plasma and tissue alkaline phosphatase levels in freely-fed control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats, seven weeks after the induction of diabetes. |
| 162 | 7031417 | Circulating alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly elevated in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.001) and completely normalized following insulin administration. |
| 163 | 7031417 | The elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity observed in the insulin deficient animals was heat-resistant and phenylalanine-sensitive, a pattern typical of the intestinal isoenzyme. |
| 164 | 7031417 | Small intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetic animals, but comparable in the insulin-replaced and control rats. |
| 165 | 7031417 | The intestinal isoenzyme activity was found to be strikingly insulin-sensitive; withholding insulin therapy for 36 hr prior to sacrifice resulted in an abrupt rise in both plasma and intestinal alkaline phosphatase values comparable to those observed in the insulin-deficient state. |
| 166 | 7031417 | In contrast to these observations, skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.01) and this abnormality was corrected by insulin replacement. |
| 167 | 7031417 | Neither insulin deficiency nor insulin replacement resulted in any significant changes in the hepatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. |
| 168 | 7031417 | Alkaline phosphatase activity in chronic streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in the rat: effect of insulin replacement. |
| 169 | 7031417 | Alterations in circulating alkaline phosphatase have been described in both man and the experimental animal with chronic insulin deficiency. |
| 170 | 7031417 | We evaluated plasma and tissue alkaline phosphatase levels in freely-fed control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats, seven weeks after the induction of diabetes. |
| 171 | 7031417 | Circulating alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly elevated in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.001) and completely normalized following insulin administration. |
| 172 | 7031417 | The elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity observed in the insulin deficient animals was heat-resistant and phenylalanine-sensitive, a pattern typical of the intestinal isoenzyme. |
| 173 | 7031417 | Small intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetic animals, but comparable in the insulin-replaced and control rats. |
| 174 | 7031417 | The intestinal isoenzyme activity was found to be strikingly insulin-sensitive; withholding insulin therapy for 36 hr prior to sacrifice resulted in an abrupt rise in both plasma and intestinal alkaline phosphatase values comparable to those observed in the insulin-deficient state. |
| 175 | 7031417 | In contrast to these observations, skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.01) and this abnormality was corrected by insulin replacement. |
| 176 | 7031417 | Neither insulin deficiency nor insulin replacement resulted in any significant changes in the hepatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. |
| 177 | 7031417 | Alkaline phosphatase activity in chronic streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in the rat: effect of insulin replacement. |
| 178 | 7031417 | Alterations in circulating alkaline phosphatase have been described in both man and the experimental animal with chronic insulin deficiency. |
| 179 | 7031417 | We evaluated plasma and tissue alkaline phosphatase levels in freely-fed control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats, seven weeks after the induction of diabetes. |
| 180 | 7031417 | Circulating alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly elevated in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.001) and completely normalized following insulin administration. |
| 181 | 7031417 | The elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity observed in the insulin deficient animals was heat-resistant and phenylalanine-sensitive, a pattern typical of the intestinal isoenzyme. |
| 182 | 7031417 | Small intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetic animals, but comparable in the insulin-replaced and control rats. |
| 183 | 7031417 | The intestinal isoenzyme activity was found to be strikingly insulin-sensitive; withholding insulin therapy for 36 hr prior to sacrifice resulted in an abrupt rise in both plasma and intestinal alkaline phosphatase values comparable to those observed in the insulin-deficient state. |
| 184 | 7031417 | In contrast to these observations, skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.01) and this abnormality was corrected by insulin replacement. |
| 185 | 7031417 | Neither insulin deficiency nor insulin replacement resulted in any significant changes in the hepatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. |
| 186 | 7031417 | Alkaline phosphatase activity in chronic streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in the rat: effect of insulin replacement. |
| 187 | 7031417 | Alterations in circulating alkaline phosphatase have been described in both man and the experimental animal with chronic insulin deficiency. |
| 188 | 7031417 | We evaluated plasma and tissue alkaline phosphatase levels in freely-fed control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats, seven weeks after the induction of diabetes. |
| 189 | 7031417 | Circulating alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly elevated in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.001) and completely normalized following insulin administration. |
| 190 | 7031417 | The elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity observed in the insulin deficient animals was heat-resistant and phenylalanine-sensitive, a pattern typical of the intestinal isoenzyme. |
| 191 | 7031417 | Small intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetic animals, but comparable in the insulin-replaced and control rats. |
| 192 | 7031417 | The intestinal isoenzyme activity was found to be strikingly insulin-sensitive; withholding insulin therapy for 36 hr prior to sacrifice resulted in an abrupt rise in both plasma and intestinal alkaline phosphatase values comparable to those observed in the insulin-deficient state. |
| 193 | 7031417 | In contrast to these observations, skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.01) and this abnormality was corrected by insulin replacement. |
| 194 | 7031417 | Neither insulin deficiency nor insulin replacement resulted in any significant changes in the hepatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. |
| 195 | 7031417 | Alkaline phosphatase activity in chronic streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in the rat: effect of insulin replacement. |
| 196 | 7031417 | Alterations in circulating alkaline phosphatase have been described in both man and the experimental animal with chronic insulin deficiency. |
| 197 | 7031417 | We evaluated plasma and tissue alkaline phosphatase levels in freely-fed control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats, seven weeks after the induction of diabetes. |
| 198 | 7031417 | Circulating alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly elevated in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.001) and completely normalized following insulin administration. |
| 199 | 7031417 | The elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity observed in the insulin deficient animals was heat-resistant and phenylalanine-sensitive, a pattern typical of the intestinal isoenzyme. |
| 200 | 7031417 | Small intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetic animals, but comparable in the insulin-replaced and control rats. |
| 201 | 7031417 | The intestinal isoenzyme activity was found to be strikingly insulin-sensitive; withholding insulin therapy for 36 hr prior to sacrifice resulted in an abrupt rise in both plasma and intestinal alkaline phosphatase values comparable to those observed in the insulin-deficient state. |
| 202 | 7031417 | In contrast to these observations, skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.01) and this abnormality was corrected by insulin replacement. |
| 203 | 7031417 | Neither insulin deficiency nor insulin replacement resulted in any significant changes in the hepatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. |
| 204 | 7031417 | Alkaline phosphatase activity in chronic streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in the rat: effect of insulin replacement. |
| 205 | 7031417 | Alterations in circulating alkaline phosphatase have been described in both man and the experimental animal with chronic insulin deficiency. |
| 206 | 7031417 | We evaluated plasma and tissue alkaline phosphatase levels in freely-fed control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats, seven weeks after the induction of diabetes. |
| 207 | 7031417 | Circulating alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly elevated in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.001) and completely normalized following insulin administration. |
| 208 | 7031417 | The elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity observed in the insulin deficient animals was heat-resistant and phenylalanine-sensitive, a pattern typical of the intestinal isoenzyme. |
| 209 | 7031417 | Small intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetic animals, but comparable in the insulin-replaced and control rats. |
| 210 | 7031417 | The intestinal isoenzyme activity was found to be strikingly insulin-sensitive; withholding insulin therapy for 36 hr prior to sacrifice resulted in an abrupt rise in both plasma and intestinal alkaline phosphatase values comparable to those observed in the insulin-deficient state. |
| 211 | 7031417 | In contrast to these observations, skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.01) and this abnormality was corrected by insulin replacement. |
| 212 | 7031417 | Neither insulin deficiency nor insulin replacement resulted in any significant changes in the hepatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. |
| 213 | 7031417 | Alkaline phosphatase activity in chronic streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in the rat: effect of insulin replacement. |
| 214 | 7031417 | Alterations in circulating alkaline phosphatase have been described in both man and the experimental animal with chronic insulin deficiency. |
| 215 | 7031417 | We evaluated plasma and tissue alkaline phosphatase levels in freely-fed control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats, seven weeks after the induction of diabetes. |
| 216 | 7031417 | Circulating alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly elevated in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.001) and completely normalized following insulin administration. |
| 217 | 7031417 | The elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity observed in the insulin deficient animals was heat-resistant and phenylalanine-sensitive, a pattern typical of the intestinal isoenzyme. |
| 218 | 7031417 | Small intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetic animals, but comparable in the insulin-replaced and control rats. |
| 219 | 7031417 | The intestinal isoenzyme activity was found to be strikingly insulin-sensitive; withholding insulin therapy for 36 hr prior to sacrifice resulted in an abrupt rise in both plasma and intestinal alkaline phosphatase values comparable to those observed in the insulin-deficient state. |
| 220 | 7031417 | In contrast to these observations, skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.01) and this abnormality was corrected by insulin replacement. |
| 221 | 7031417 | Neither insulin deficiency nor insulin replacement resulted in any significant changes in the hepatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. |
| 222 | 7031417 | Alkaline phosphatase activity in chronic streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in the rat: effect of insulin replacement. |
| 223 | 7031417 | Alterations in circulating alkaline phosphatase have been described in both man and the experimental animal with chronic insulin deficiency. |
| 224 | 7031417 | We evaluated plasma and tissue alkaline phosphatase levels in freely-fed control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats, seven weeks after the induction of diabetes. |
| 225 | 7031417 | Circulating alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly elevated in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.001) and completely normalized following insulin administration. |
| 226 | 7031417 | The elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity observed in the insulin deficient animals was heat-resistant and phenylalanine-sensitive, a pattern typical of the intestinal isoenzyme. |
| 227 | 7031417 | Small intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetic animals, but comparable in the insulin-replaced and control rats. |
| 228 | 7031417 | The intestinal isoenzyme activity was found to be strikingly insulin-sensitive; withholding insulin therapy for 36 hr prior to sacrifice resulted in an abrupt rise in both plasma and intestinal alkaline phosphatase values comparable to those observed in the insulin-deficient state. |
| 229 | 7031417 | In contrast to these observations, skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.01) and this abnormality was corrected by insulin replacement. |
| 230 | 7031417 | Neither insulin deficiency nor insulin replacement resulted in any significant changes in the hepatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. |
| 231 | 7040194 | The partial correlation and multivariate regression analysis showed that in oral sulfonylurea treated patients, but not in insulin treated patients, the activity of bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly inverse dependent on the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels in plasma. |
| 232 | 7099697 | In the present report n. e. glu. of haemoglobin, serum protein, collagen, basement membrane protein and alkaline phosphatase is discussed. |
| 233 | 7241240 | On the other hand, experimental diabetes did not influence the activity of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase except for specific and total activities of alkaline phosphatase in food non-restricted rats. |
| 234 | 7267479 | Routine liver function tests, particularly plasma concentrations of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase were elevated occasionally but rarely to more than twice the upper limit of normal. |
| 235 | 7361898 | Sucrase, maltase, trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, and leucylnaphthylamidase activities were elevated in diabetes; lactase did not show any changes. |
| 236 | 7398086 | Increased activity of bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was found in 52, 82 and 72% of the patients on dietary, oral agents, and insulin regimens, respectively. |
| 237 | 7584696 | Twice or three times daily intranasal administration of the hexapeptide hexarelin for 7 days to children with short stature and normal growth hormone (GH) secretion evoked a significant rise in serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and alkaline phosphatase. |
| 238 | 7714089 | The osteoblast function was evaluated in normal and diabetic children and adults by measurements of the serum concentration of the carboxy-terminal extension peptide of procollagen (PICP), total and skeletal alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin. |
| 239 | 7714089 | Moreover, the osteoblast-stimulating growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), was measured in the same samples. |
| 240 | 7714089 | In normal children (n = 420; age, 5-20 yr), a marked pubertal increase of serum IGF-I (peak values at age 14-16 yr in both sexes), osteocalcin, and total and skeletal ALP (peak values earlier in girls than in boys) and a small increase in PICP were observed. |
| 241 | 7714089 | In adolescents (n = 104) treated for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), serum IGF-I (-19%), osteocalcin (-28%), and skeletal ALP (-28%) were markedly decreased, whereas total ALP was significantly increased (29%), and serum PICP remained normal. |
| 242 | 7714089 | In adult IDDM (n = 125), both serum IGF-I (-41%) and osteocalcin (-24%) were decreased, but skeletal ALP and PICP remained normal. |
| 243 | 7714089 | A similar abnormality in serum IGF-I and osteocalcin was observed in white (n = 61) and Pima Indian (n = 16) non-IDDM patients. |
| 244 | 7869671 | Using specific monoclonal antibodies against the intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (IAP) and against the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme (TNAP), we demonstrated that IAP expression in the human kidney is restricted to the straight part of the proximal tubule (the S3 segment), whereas TNAP is expressed mainly in the proximal convoluted tubule (the S1 and S2 segments) but also in the S3 segment. |
| 245 | 7869671 | This complementarity opens perspectives for IAP and TNAP as distinct proximal tubular markers, particularly for IAP, since there are no other markers available that are specific for the S3 segment. |
| 246 | 7869671 | Based on these monoclonal antibodies, specific and easy to use enzyme-antigen immunoassay (EAIA) procedures were developed to detect IAP and TNAP in human urine samples. |
| 247 | 7869671 | Using these assays, it could be demonstrated in more than 20 occupationally and environmentally exposed cohorts and clinical patient groups that urinary IAP is indeed a marker of early alterations in the S3 segment, and that it behaves largely independently from urinary TNAP. |
| 248 | 7869671 | Using specific monoclonal antibodies against the intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (IAP) and against the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme (TNAP), we demonstrated that IAP expression in the human kidney is restricted to the straight part of the proximal tubule (the S3 segment), whereas TNAP is expressed mainly in the proximal convoluted tubule (the S1 and S2 segments) but also in the S3 segment. |
| 249 | 7869671 | This complementarity opens perspectives for IAP and TNAP as distinct proximal tubular markers, particularly for IAP, since there are no other markers available that are specific for the S3 segment. |
| 250 | 7869671 | Based on these monoclonal antibodies, specific and easy to use enzyme-antigen immunoassay (EAIA) procedures were developed to detect IAP and TNAP in human urine samples. |
| 251 | 7869671 | Using these assays, it could be demonstrated in more than 20 occupationally and environmentally exposed cohorts and clinical patient groups that urinary IAP is indeed a marker of early alterations in the S3 segment, and that it behaves largely independently from urinary TNAP. |
| 252 | 7869671 | Using specific monoclonal antibodies against the intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (IAP) and against the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme (TNAP), we demonstrated that IAP expression in the human kidney is restricted to the straight part of the proximal tubule (the S3 segment), whereas TNAP is expressed mainly in the proximal convoluted tubule (the S1 and S2 segments) but also in the S3 segment. |
| 253 | 7869671 | This complementarity opens perspectives for IAP and TNAP as distinct proximal tubular markers, particularly for IAP, since there are no other markers available that are specific for the S3 segment. |
| 254 | 7869671 | Based on these monoclonal antibodies, specific and easy to use enzyme-antigen immunoassay (EAIA) procedures were developed to detect IAP and TNAP in human urine samples. |
| 255 | 7869671 | Using these assays, it could be demonstrated in more than 20 occupationally and environmentally exposed cohorts and clinical patient groups that urinary IAP is indeed a marker of early alterations in the S3 segment, and that it behaves largely independently from urinary TNAP. |
| 256 | 7869671 | Using specific monoclonal antibodies against the intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (IAP) and against the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme (TNAP), we demonstrated that IAP expression in the human kidney is restricted to the straight part of the proximal tubule (the S3 segment), whereas TNAP is expressed mainly in the proximal convoluted tubule (the S1 and S2 segments) but also in the S3 segment. |
| 257 | 7869671 | This complementarity opens perspectives for IAP and TNAP as distinct proximal tubular markers, particularly for IAP, since there are no other markers available that are specific for the S3 segment. |
| 258 | 7869671 | Based on these monoclonal antibodies, specific and easy to use enzyme-antigen immunoassay (EAIA) procedures were developed to detect IAP and TNAP in human urine samples. |
| 259 | 7869671 | Using these assays, it could be demonstrated in more than 20 occupationally and environmentally exposed cohorts and clinical patient groups that urinary IAP is indeed a marker of early alterations in the S3 segment, and that it behaves largely independently from urinary TNAP. |
| 260 | 7898603 | The following parameters were measured on admission: blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, hematocrit, fibrinogen, prothrombin levels, platelet counts, prothrombin time, bilirubin, transaminases, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. |
| 261 | 7929029 | We demonstrate here that the inhibition of DNA binding by BEF-1 dephosphorylated with potato acid phosphatase or calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase was reversed by sodium orthovanadate, a specific inhibitor of phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatases. |
| 262 | 7950501 | Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, quantified by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and biochemical bone remodeling markers (serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline) have been studied in 94 patients with diabetes mellitus aged 18-62 years. |
| 263 | 7996492 | Beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were not altered in diabetics, compared to that in control subjects. |
| 264 | 8046546 | This paper is a study to identify the clinical significance of high-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase (ALP:E:C..3.1.3.1.), ALP-lipoprotein-X complex (LP-X) and intestinal variant ALP. |
| 265 | 8046546 | We used cellulose acetate and agarose gels and techniques including wheat germ lectin, cetavlon-diethyl ether, thermostatability, neuraminidase and L-phenylalanine to improve the electrophoretic separation of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. |
| 266 | 8046546 | Intestinal variant ALP is most likely composed of intestinal ALP attached to a cellular membrane-binding domain, or may be an artifact produced by neuraminidase incubation. |
| 267 | 8046546 | This paper is a study to identify the clinical significance of high-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase (ALP:E:C..3.1.3.1.), ALP-lipoprotein-X complex (LP-X) and intestinal variant ALP. |
| 268 | 8046546 | We used cellulose acetate and agarose gels and techniques including wheat germ lectin, cetavlon-diethyl ether, thermostatability, neuraminidase and L-phenylalanine to improve the electrophoretic separation of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. |
| 269 | 8046546 | Intestinal variant ALP is most likely composed of intestinal ALP attached to a cellular membrane-binding domain, or may be an artifact produced by neuraminidase incubation. |
| 270 | 8061353 | The authors evaluated the prevalence, magnitude, and contributing factors for osteopenia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). |
| 271 | 8061353 | Serum ionized calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and urinary calcium, phosphorus, and hydroxyproline were also analyzed. |
| 272 | 8076446 | We investigated the overnight fasting serum 25 (OH) vit-D, 1,25(OH)2 vit-D3, osteocalcin (OC), bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (ALK-PB) and intact parathyroid hormone (I-PTH) levels in these cases. |
| 273 | 8083198 | A synthetic tris-sulfotyrosyl dodecapeptide (TRDIY(S)ETDY(S)Y(S)RK-amide), whose primary sequence is identical to the 1142-1153 sequence of the insulin proreceptor, inhibited insulin receptor dephosphorylation in solubilized membranes, and digitonin-permeabilized cells derived from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing high levels of human insulin receptors (CHO/HIRc). |
| 274 | 8083198 | The peptide displayed specificity toward tyrosine-class phosphatases only, as it had no effect on the activities of the serine/threonine phosphatases PP-1 and PP-2A, or alkaline phosphatase. |
| 275 | 8084450 | Human intestinal alkaline phosphatase (hIAP), a specific marker of the proximal tubular S3 segment, was elevated in the urine of microalbuminuric patients while human tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (hTNAP), indicating effects mainly at the S1-S2 segments, was not. |
| 276 | 8097685 | To evaluate tubular damage in diabetic patients, we measured the 24 h urinary excretion of five enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV, alanine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase) that originate in renal proximal tubular cells. 2. |
| 277 | 8103033 | Plasma endopeptidase 24.11 activity in patients correlated closely with traditional serum markers of cholestasis, including levels of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and aminopeptidase (p < 0.01 for all). |
| 278 | 8359783 | The liver function at the peak of the hepatic enlargement showed a moderate increase of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. |
| 279 | 8406549 | The data suggested the presence of two forms of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in normal rat intestines. |
| 280 | 8437990 | Effect of dietary carbohydrate and phenotype on sucrase, maltase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase specific activity in SHR/N-cp rat. |
| 281 | 8437990 | The current study was conducted to investigate the influence of phenotype (ob versus In) and source of dietary carbohydrate (sucrose versus starch) on intestinal sucrase, maltase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase activity in SHR/N-cp rats. |
| 282 | 8437990 | These results are not indicative of a simple, nonspecific increase in intestinal enzyme activity, since the effects observed in intestinal alkaline phosphatase contrast the effects observed in intestinal sucrase, maltase, and lactase activity. |
| 283 | 8437990 | Effect of dietary carbohydrate and phenotype on sucrase, maltase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase specific activity in SHR/N-cp rat. |
| 284 | 8437990 | The current study was conducted to investigate the influence of phenotype (ob versus In) and source of dietary carbohydrate (sucrose versus starch) on intestinal sucrase, maltase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase activity in SHR/N-cp rats. |
| 285 | 8437990 | These results are not indicative of a simple, nonspecific increase in intestinal enzyme activity, since the effects observed in intestinal alkaline phosphatase contrast the effects observed in intestinal sucrase, maltase, and lactase activity. |
| 286 | 8437990 | Effect of dietary carbohydrate and phenotype on sucrase, maltase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase specific activity in SHR/N-cp rat. |
| 287 | 8437990 | The current study was conducted to investigate the influence of phenotype (ob versus In) and source of dietary carbohydrate (sucrose versus starch) on intestinal sucrase, maltase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase activity in SHR/N-cp rats. |
| 288 | 8437990 | These results are not indicative of a simple, nonspecific increase in intestinal enzyme activity, since the effects observed in intestinal alkaline phosphatase contrast the effects observed in intestinal sucrase, maltase, and lactase activity. |
| 289 | 8536058 | Since cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage produce important local regulators of bone remodeling, we examined effects of human monocytes-conditioned medium (CM) treated with retinoic acid on [3H] thymidine incorporation (TdR) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. |
| 290 | 8575126 | The groups did not differ in their serum concentrations of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, inorganic phosphate and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and alkaline phosphatase were found to be significantly higher in HD patients. |
| 291 | 8745204 | Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and parathyroid hormone level showed no difference between the two groups of diabetic rats with or without EPA. |
| 292 | 8797113 | Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin secretion were inhibited by 20-30% and 15-70%, respectively, by the glycation of collagen for 1-5 weeks. |
| 293 | 8835919 | Because of the previous controversial findings in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we measured bone-mineral density (BMD) by two different methods, studied biochemical markers of bone remodeling and calciotropic hormones (parathyroid hormone and calcitonin) in women with NIDDM, and compared the results with age-matched controls. |
| 294 | 8835919 | Biochemical markers of bone remodeling included plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin (BGP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), and 24-h urine calcium, hydroxyproline. |
| 295 | 9112245 | In both genders aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were, or tended to be, positively correlated to fasting serum insulin, visceral AT (women), and alcohol intake. |
| 296 | 9112245 | In both genders alkaline phosphatase was, or tended to be, positively associated with visceral AT, insulin (women), and glucose. |
| 297 | 9137941 | Markers of bone turnover (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide, collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) were measured at baseline. |
| 298 | 9240877 | Serum osteocalcin (OC) and bone alkaline phosphatase were measured as markers of bone formation and urinary deoxypyridinoline was taken as a marker of bone resorption. |
| 299 | 9260537 | The alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 56%, the aspartate aminotransferase was increased in 58% and the gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in 56%. 56% of the patients had macronodular cirrhosis; the liver showed a micronodular pattern in 18%; 7% had biliary cirrhosis; 7% chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis; and 13% showed a mixed macro-micronodular pattern. |
| 300 | 9276088 | In addition, when cultures of mature primary rat osteoblasts were plated onto an in vitro AGE-modified collagen substrate, they showed altered cell functions, in terms of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin secretion, and nodule formation (J Bone Miner Res 11:931-937; 1996). |
| 301 | 9276088 | Growth of UMR 201-10B cells on a type I collagen substrate significantly inhibited cell growth and retinoic acid (RA)-induced upregulation of ALP activity, compared to cells on plastic. |
| 302 | 9276088 | Unmodified collagen stimulated production of osteopontin mRNA, which was reduced by AGE modification to levels attained in cells on plastic. |
| 303 | 9276088 | Growth on control collagen inhibited TGF-beta type II receptor binding in 10B cells, while this inhibition was reduced by AGE modification. |
| 304 | 9276088 | These data further suggest that collagen-mediated events in these cells may be at least in part mediated by regulation of the TGF-beta receptor expression. |
| 305 | 9284719 | Bone resorption markers, urinary deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) and type I collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTx), as well as a bone formation marker, serum bone type alkaline phosphatase (BALP), were reduced. |
| 306 | 9284719 | The decrease in Dpd, CTx and BALP, but not the increase in OC, correlated with each other and with the improvement in glycemic indices. |
| 307 | 9299959 | Relations between intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity and insulin secretion in obese patients. |
| 308 | 9342018 | The following laboratory tests were performed on serum specimens from all subjects: albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and prothrombin time. |
| 309 | 9342018 | However, the concentrations of ALB, ALT, AST, AST/ALT, and prothrombin time were substantially different among the four groups. |
| 310 | 9343928 | We have synthesized a tris-sulfotyrosyl dodecapeptide (3S-peptide-I) that corresponds to the major autophosphorylation domain within the insulin receptor beta-subunit and showed that it potently inhibited insulin receptor dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) in vitro. 3S-peptide-I also inhibited tyrosine dephosphorylation of a synthetic peptide by the recombinant PTPase PTP-1B, indicating that 3S-peptide-I interacts directly with PTPase, causing its inactivation. |
| 311 | 9343928 | The peptide had no effect on the activity of serine/threonine phosphatases, PP-1 and PP-2A, or alkaline phosphatase. |
| 312 | 9343928 | Furthermore, we found that the introduction of a N-stearyl derivative of 3S-peptide-I in CHO/HIRc cells caused a significant increase in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. |
| 313 | 9343928 | In contrast, ligand-stimulated phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in CHO cells overexpressing EGF receptors was not affected by the presence of N-stearyl-3S-peptide-I. |
| 314 | 9358337 | We describe a sandwich ELISA based on monoclonal GAD65 antibodies (Mc-GAD65-Ab) of different epitope specificities to quantify GAD65 in pancreatic islets and in different organ/cell extracts and during the preparation of GAD from brain extracts. |
| 315 | 9358337 | The detection limit was estimated to be 0.03 ng GAD65/ml using alkaline phosphatase (AP)-conjugated streptavidin. |
| 316 | 9422753 | 14-3-3beta protein associates with insulin receptor substrate 1 and decreases insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase activity in 3T3L1 adipocytes. |
| 317 | 9422753 | An in vitro binding study revealed that glutathione S-transferase-14-3-3beta fusion protein directly associates with recombinant IRS-1. |
| 318 | 9422753 | Pretreatment of recombinant IRS-1 with alkaline phosphatase clearly decreased this association. |
| 319 | 9422753 | When the cells are treated with insulin, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) is supposed to complex either 14-3-3beta-IRS-1 or IRS-1. |
| 320 | 9422753 | The specific activity of the PI3K in the former was approximately half of that in the latter, suggesting that 14-3-3beta protein bound to IRS-1 inhibits insulin-stimulated lipid kinase activity of PI3K in 3T3L1 adipocytes. |
| 321 | 9480464 | The aim of study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar spine (AP Spine), total body (Total Body) and distal site of radius (Forearm), and selected markers of bone formation: serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin(OC), and bone resorption: pyridinoline (PIR) and deoxy-pyridinoline (DPIR) in urine, in patients with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), in comparison to healthy controls. |
| 322 | 9681272 | We determined serum osteocalcin (OC) and total alkaline phosphatase levels as markers of bone formation, and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and urinary calcium levels as markers of bone resorption. |
| 323 | 9776869 | There was no significant change in the levels of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin-globulin ratio and prothrombin time. |
| 324 | 9790451 | Among those with severe pruritus associated with chronic hepatitis C, serum aminotransferases were raised in all, alkaline phosphatase in four, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase levels in all except one. |
| 325 | 9795371 | Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor system components and relationship to bone metabolism in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. |
| 326 | 9795371 | To address this question, we performed a cross-sectional study measuring serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 by specific immunoassays in 52 adults with Type 1 (n=27) and Type 2 (n=25) diabetes mellitus and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy blood donors. |
| 327 | 9795371 | In the diabetic patients, we further determined serum levels of proinsulin, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and several biochemical bone markers, including osteocalcin (OSC), bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), and type I collagen cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide (ICTP). |
| 328 | 9795371 | Type 1 diabetics showed significantly lower IGF-I (119+/-8 ng/ml) and IGFBP-3 (2590+/-104 ng/ml) but higher IGFBP-1 levels (38+/-10 ng/ml) compared with Type 2 patients (170+/-13, 2910+/-118, 11+/-3 respectively; P<0.05) or healthy controls (169+/-5, 4620+/-192, 3.5+/-0.4 respectively; P<0.01). |
| 329 | 9795371 | IGFBP-5 levels were markedly lower in both diabetic groups (Type 1, 228+/-9; Type 2, 242+/-11 ng/ml) than in controls (460+/-7 ng/ml,P<0. 01), whereas IGFBP-4 levels were similar in diabetics and controls. |
| 330 | 9795371 | IGF-I correlated positively with IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 and negatively with IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-4 in all subjects. |
| 331 | 9795371 | In Type 1 patients, BMD of hip correlated negatively with IGFBP-1 (r=-0.34, P<0.05) and IGFBP-4 (r=-0.3, P<0.05) but positively with IGFBP-5 (r=0.37, P<0. 05), which was independent of age, diabetes duration, height, weight and body mass index, as assessed by partial correlation analysis. |
| 332 | 9795371 | Furthermore, biochemical markers indicating bone loss (ICTP) and increased bone turnover (PTH, OSC) correlated positively with IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-4 but negatively with IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5, while the opposite was observed with bone formation markers (PICP, B-ALP) and vitamin D3 metabolites. |
| 333 | 9795371 | In 20 Type 2 patients in whom immunoreactive proinsulin could be detected, significant positive correlations were found between proinsulin and BMD of hip (r=0.63, P<0.005), IGF-I (r=0.59, P<0.01) as well as IGFBP-3 (r=0.49, P<0.05). |
| 334 | 9795371 | Type 1 and Type 2 patients with macroalbuminuria showed a lower BMD of hip, lower IGFBP-5 but higher IGFBP-4 levels, suggesting that diabetic nephropathy may contribute to bone loss by a disturbed IGF system. |
| 335 | 9838239 | Calcium-phosphorus metabolism was studied by measuring the circulating levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, 25-OH-vitamin D and parathyroid hormone and the urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus. |
| 336 | 9876434 | Every three months, the serum levels of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, cholesterol, triglyceride and glycemia are assessed over a two year follow-up. |
| 337 | 9933248 | Purified osteopontin (0.05 to 5 microgram/mL) dose dependently inhibited calcification of BASMC cultures, whereas vitronectin and fibronectin had no effect. |
| 338 | 9933248 | In contrast to the inhibitory mechanism of levamisole on mineral deposition, osteopontin did not inhibit alkaline phosphatase activity or reduce phosphorus levels in the culture medium. |
| 339 | 10213645 | The following data were analyzed: demographics; cause of renal failure; hematocrit; serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels; anion gap; urinary protein excretion; Ccr/1.73 m2; half of the sum of creatinine and urea clearances (Ccr-Cu); protein-equivalent nitrogen appearance (PNA); and whether the patients received diuretics (75 patients), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (54 patients), and/or calcium channel blockers (55 patients). |
| 340 | 10232775 | In addition, a decrease in plasma enzymes - alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was noted. |
| 341 | 10329391 | Second, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that AGE increased the pericyte levels of mRNAs coding for alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin, the representative markers for early and late osteoblastic differentiation, respectively. |
| 342 | 10352977 | Changes of the ATPase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase reaction intensity in the parotid and submandibular glands of rabbits in experimental diabetes. |
| 343 | 10401014 | A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that PTH levels were predicted by Mg (P < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.01), and P levels (P< 0.05; multiple R = 0.57; P < 0.001), whereas Ca level, sex (dummy variable), diabetes (dummy variable), time on dialysis, and Al level were not predictive. |
| 344 | 10401014 | Patients with inadequately low PTH levels (relative hypoparathyroidism, PTH < 120 pg/mL; n = 52) showed greater serum Mg concentrations than the rest (n = 58; 3.01 +/- 0.33 v 2.63 +/- 0.38 mg/dL; P < 0.001). |
| 345 | 10440634 | Periodontal ligament cells from insulin-dependent diabetics exhibit altered alkaline phosphatase activity in response to growth factors. |
| 346 | 10543415 | Markers of bone turnover were serum bone alkaline phosphatase (sBAP) and osteocalcin (sOC) by ELISA, and urinary total pyridinoline (uPYD) and deoxypyridinoline crosslinks (uDPD) by HPLC. |
| 347 | 10624460 | During stimulation with 1,25(OH)2D3 at 2.0 micrograms/day for 6 consecutive days in 9 type 2 diabetic patients, serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC) and the carboxyterminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen, and the urinary excretion of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline (DPYR), were monitored. |
| 348 | 10649720 | There was no significant difference in biochemical parameters (blood hemoglobin, serum ferritin, erythropoietin, BUN, creatinine) between the two groups. |
| 349 | 10649720 | There were no significants difference in serum calcium, phosphorus, tartate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) between the two groups. |
| 350 | 10649720 | Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Group I than in Group II. |
| 351 | 10649720 | These results suggest that patients with bone marrow expansion in BMIS have increased levels of ALP and osteocalcin, indicating an increased osteoblastic activity. |
| 352 | 10665940 | Maximum PTH levels were analyzed as a function of race, gender, age, diabetic status, and levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and aluminum. |
| 353 | 10720784 | The root extract also lowers hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and serum acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase in diabetic rats. |
| 354 | 10724355 | Troglitazone (Tro), a new anti-diabetic drug, is a thiazolidinedione (TZD) which promotes adipocyte differentiation by activating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). |
| 355 | 10724355 | As bone resorption markers, urinary free and total deoxypyridinoline as well as urinary collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide were measured; as bone formation markers, serum bone type and total alkaline phosphatase (BALP and ALP) levels along with osteocalcin (OC) were used. |
| 356 | 10760525 | Activators of PPARalpha, delta and gamma induced alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix calcification and the expression of osteoblast genes as determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. |
| 357 | 10760525 | PPARalpha, delta and gamma1 were expressed in MC3T3-E1 cells. |
| 358 | 10871198 | Decreased insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity and plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 overexpression in skeletal muscle from obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): evidence for increased serine/threonine phosphorylation in pregnancy and GDM. |
| 359 | 10871198 | The membrane protein plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1) has been identified as an inhibitor of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IRTK) activity. |
| 360 | 10871198 | We investigated insulin receptor function and PC-1 levels in muscle from three groups of obese subjects: women with GDM, pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance, and nonpregnant control subjects. |
| 361 | 10871198 | IRTK activity, insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, and protein levels of membrane glycoprotein PC-1 were determined in rectus abdominus muscle biopsies obtained at the time of either elective cesarean section or gynecological surgery. |
| 362 | 10871198 | Treatment of the insulin receptors with alkaline phosphatase to dephosphorylate serine/threonine residues increased insulin-stimulated IRTK activity significantly in pregnant control and GDM subjects (P < 0.05), but these rates were still lower compared with nonpregnant control subjects (P < 0.05). |
| 363 | 10871198 | PC-1 content was negatively correlated with insulin receptor phosphorylation (r = -0.55, P < 0.05) and IRTK activity (r = -0.66, P < 0.05). |
| 364 | 10871198 | These results indicate that pregnant control and GDM subjects had increased PC-1 content and suggest excessive phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues in muscle insulin receptors and that both may contribute to decreased IRTK activity. |
| 365 | 10874799 | Blood samples were obtained for serum glucose, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase analyses. |
| 366 | 10874799 | Biochemical analyses were mixed; diabetic animals demonstrated increased serum osteocalcin levels compared to controls but decreased alkaline phosphatase. |
| 367 | 10874799 | Blood samples were obtained for serum glucose, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase analyses. |
| 368 | 10874799 | Biochemical analyses were mixed; diabetic animals demonstrated increased serum osteocalcin levels compared to controls but decreased alkaline phosphatase. |
| 369 | 10882147 | The objective was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of osteopenia in patients with uncomplicated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and to obtain more information on the pathophysiology of diabetic osteopenia. |
| 370 | 10882147 | In addition, markers of bone formation [plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and serum osteocalcin] and bone resorption [urinary excretion of calcium and of the cross-linked N-telopeptide of type 1 collagen, both corrected for the excretion of creatinine] were measured in the diabetic patients and in 33 healthy controls, matched for sex, age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI). |
| 371 | 10882147 | There were no differences in the mean serum ALP, BAP and osteocalcin levels between the diabetic patients and the controls, nor between the diabetic patients with and without femoral neck osteopenia. |
| 372 | 10882147 | Considering only the male diabetic patients, significantly lower mean plasma IGF-I (-26%), serum ALP (-24%) and serum osteocalcin (-38%) levels were present in the patients with femoral neck osteopenia than in those without osteopenia at this site, suggesting lowered bone formation. |
| 373 | 10883059 | Modifications in the TXA(2) and PGI(2) plasma levels and some other biochemical parameters during the initiation and development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) syndrome in the rabbit. |
| 374 | 10883059 | Having developed a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) syndrome model in the rabbit using Wirsung duct ligation, it appeared interesting to use it to study the relationship between glycemia and the plasma levels of TXA(2)and PGI(2), and of some other biochemical parameters such as cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase and transaminases. |
| 375 | 10947976 | In addition, MCD activity was shown to be enhanced by alkaline phosphatase treatment, suggesting phosphorylation-related control of the enzyme. |
| 376 | 10980061 | In univariate analysis, it was associated with hepatitis C virus infection, treatment with mycophenolate mofetil, and greater serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, urea, and creatinine. |
| 377 | 11026755 | A significant increase of alkaline phosphatase activity in SaOS 2 and HOS 58 cells and of osteocalcin levels in SaOS 2 cells was detected following estrogen treatment. |
| 378 | 11048675 | Hence, we studied the experimental conditions necessary to obtain measurable effects of high sugar concentrations (5-mM glucose, mannitol, fructose and galactose) upon body growth and development of Bufo arenarum embryos and larvae, and upon the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (APP). |
| 379 | 11137300 | PTP-1B is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) that has been implicated in the negative regulation of insulin signaling. |
| 380 | 11137300 | Mice deficient in PTP-1B were found to have an enhanced insulin sensitivity and a resistance to diet-induced obesity. |
| 381 | 11137300 | In addition, the promoter in a number of mouse strains contains, 3.5 kb upstream of the start codon, an insertion of an intracisternal a particle (IAP) element that possibly could alter the expression of PTP-1B mRNA in these strains. |
| 382 | 11165939 | Cellular proliferation as well as the release of markers of osteoblast activity (osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase) were determined at the end of the experimental period (day 30). |
| 383 | 11165939 | Cellular proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased in the presence of glucose, however, the release of osteocalcin into culture media was similar in all three groups. |
| 384 | 11165939 | Cellular proliferation as well as the release of markers of osteoblast activity (osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase) were determined at the end of the experimental period (day 30). |
| 385 | 11165939 | Cellular proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased in the presence of glucose, however, the release of osteocalcin into culture media was similar in all three groups. |
| 386 | 11180921 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in cytoplasm were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). |
| 387 | 11180921 | Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was standardized by the DNA content of the cells. |
| 388 | 11223182 | Analysis of in vitro interactions of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with insulin receptors. |
| 389 | 11223182 | Because protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) binds and subsequently dephosphorylates IR, inhibitors of PTP1B-IR binding are potential insulin 'sensitizers.' |
| 390 | 11223182 | PTP1B binding to IR from insulin-stimulated cells was much greater than to IR from unstimulated cells and was inhibited by either an antiphosphotyrosine antibody or treatment of IR with alkaline phosphatase, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of IR is required for PTP1B binding. |
| 391 | 11311965 | Activities of alanine amino transferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were determined. |
| 392 | 11444086 | We measured biochemical markers of bone formation (serum osteocalcin and total alkaline phosphatase) and bone resorption (serum and urinary CTX), parameters related to diabetes and serum lipids and lipoproteins. |
| 393 | 11500515 | Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence demonstrated that this gene encodes a novel 126-kDa putative serine/threonine protein kinase containing a nuclear localization signal. |
| 394 | 11500515 | When stably expressed in MC3T3-E1 cells, BIKe significantly decreases alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin mRNA levels and retards mineral deposition relative to vector control. |
| 395 | 11507653 | We investigated whether subjects from the macrobiotic group showed signs of catching up with controls in terms of relative bone mass, reflected by higher levels of serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase and lower levels of urinary cross-links. |
| 396 | 11576940 | Among biochemical markers for bone metabolism, serum levels of intact osteocalcin (iOC) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were significantly lower in HD patients with than without DM, whereas serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, pyridinoline, and beta-crosslaps did not differ significantly between the two groups of patients. |
| 397 | 11751700 | Phosphoproteomic analysis of angiotensin (Ang) II-stimulated aortic smooth muscle cells revealed that heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) represents a major protein phosphorylation target of the AT(1) signaling pathway. |
| 398 | 11751700 | Stimulation of cells with Ang II resulted in 1.7-fold (P<0.05) and 5.5-fold (P<0.001) increases in HSP27 phosphoisoforms at pI 5.7 and pI 5.4, respectively. |
| 399 | 11751700 | Treatment of samples with alkaline phosphatase reversed this redistribution of HSP27 phosphoisoforms. |
| 400 | 11751700 | Ang II-stimulated HSP27 phosphorylation was completely blocked by pretreatment of cells with the AT(1) antagonist CV11974. |
| 401 | 11751700 | Phosphoamino acid analysis demonstrated that Ang II-induced phosphorylation of both HSP27 phosphoisoforms occurred exclusively on serine. |
| 402 | 11751700 | Protein kinase C inhibition completely blocked phorbol ester-induced HSP27 phosphorylation but did not impair Ang II-stimulated phosphorylation of HSP27, suggesting that AT(1) increased HSP27 phosphorylation by a protein kinase C-independent pathway. |
| 403 | 11751700 | Intrajugular infusion of Ang II in rats increased HSP27 in aorta by 1.7-fold (P<0.02), and this response was inhibited by CV11974. |
| 404 | 11751700 | These results suggest that Ang II-induced HSP27 phosphorylation is a physiologically relevant AT(1) signaling event. |
| 405 | 11751700 | Because serine phosphorylation of HSP27 blocks its ability to cap F-actin, Ang II/AT(1)-induced HSP27 phosphorylation may play a key role in actin filament remodeling required for smooth muscle cell migration and contraction. |
| 406 | 11788159 | Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AlP) activities were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the plasma of alloxan-diabetic rats. |
| 407 | 11978657 | The principal gap junction protein of intercellular communication, connexin, was investigated to determine the effects of high glucose concentrations on the expression of endothelial-specific connexins (Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43), connexin phosphorylation pattern, and GJIC activity. |
| 408 | 11978657 | Rat microvascular endothelial (RME) cells grown in high (30 mmol/l)-glucose medium for 9 days had reduced Cx43 expression: Cx43 mRNA (68 +/- 13% of control; P = 0.019, n = 5) and protein (55.6 +/- 16% of control; P = 0.003, n = 5) levels were reduced; however, Cx37 and Cx40 expression was not affected. |
| 409 | 11978657 | Using alkaline phosphatase and Western blot analyses, we identified three forms of Cx43: a nonphosphorylated form (P0) and two phosphorylated forms (P1 and P2). |
| 410 | 12046040 | Of the biochemical markers measured, serum intact osteocalcin (iOC) and deoxypyridinoline levels were significantly lower in patients with diabetes, although serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and pyridinoline levels did not differ significantly between the two groups of patients. |
| 411 | 12050253 | Bone markers indicated an enhanced bone resorption (21 and 23% increase in C-terminal and N-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type I collagen/creatinine, respectively) with unchanged (osteocalcin, procollagen I N-terminal propeptide) or reduced (54% reduction in bone alkaline phosphatase) bone formation. |
| 412 | 12050253 | IGF-I (30%), IGF binding protein 3 (18%), testosterone (50%), and SHBG (40%) were reduced in TS. |
| 413 | 12118438 | Of 56 HBV-DNA positive individuals, alanine transaminase (ALT) was found to be raised in 69.6% (p=0.066) and aspartate transaminase (AST) was raised in 66.1% (p=0.011), while 67.9% had normal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p=0.054). |
| 414 | 12137765 | The whole choroids were dissected from the sclera, fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and processed for immunohistochemical demonstration of perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, using a streptavidin alkaline phosphatase technique. |
| 415 | 12173074 | Three vitamin D receptor alleles were examined (BsmI, TaqI and FokI); serum levels of intact osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, the carboxy terminal extension peptide of type I procollagen, 25-OH-vitamin D levels, HbA1c and urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion were measured. |
| 416 | 12498766 | Syngeneic splenocytes were transduced with retroviral particles carrying a cDNA construct encoding the beta cell antigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), a secreted form of GAD65 (SGAD55), or secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) as a control antigen. |
| 417 | 12550067 | Serum chromium level appeared to be higher in the general population in our country compared to western countries (36.5-59.5 nmol/L as compared to 2.3-40.3 nmol/L) However, the local diabetics were found to have a lower serum chromium level than the healthy controls (32.3 nmol/L against 44.7 nmol/L; p < 0.0001) and a mean increase of 3.5 nmol/L was noted after 12 weeks of chromium supplementation that was, expectedly, not seen in the placebo phase (p < 0.0001).Significant improvement in glycaemic control was noted in the chromium-treated group (DeltaFasting serum glucose = 0.44 mmol/L, p < 0.001; DeltaPost-prandial serum glucose = 1.97 mmol/L, p < 0.001; Deltaglycated hemoglobin = 0.01; p = 0.04, in comparison to placebo) This was accompanied by a significant greater fall in fasting serum insulin in the chromium-treated group, p < 0.05.The change in lipid parameters (total serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides) did not show significant difference between the chromium and placebo groups.Clinically significant hematological, renal or hepatic toxicity were excluded by routine hemogram, serum urea, creatinine, alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase estimations.In conclusion, chromium supplementation seems to improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients, which appears to be due to an increase in insulin action rather than stimulation of insulin secretion. |
| 418 | 12643143 | Several bone-associated proteins (e.g., osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, type 1 collagen, osteocalcin) have been demonstrated in histologic sections of vessels obtained from patients with diabetes or ESRD. |
| 419 | 12643143 | In addition, uremic serum upregulates osteoblast transcription factor Cbfa 1 and osteopontin expression in cultured VSMCs. |
| 420 | 12674382 | The levels of glucose and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased abnormally in the alloxan treated group and the same were normalized upon treatment with the herbal preparation. |
| 421 | 12674382 | The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), protein and albumin in all groups remained unaltered. |
| 422 | 12716972 | Serum parameters confirming this indirect effect included elevated calcitriol, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand concentrations, and suppressed parathyroid hormone concentrations in HDC(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. |
| 423 | 12720051 | The percent change of BMD was negatively correlated with that of serum leptin, whereas it was not associated with changes of bone metabolic markers, type I collagen N-telopeptide (NTx), bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP), body mass index, or HbA1c. |
| 424 | 12724015 | Serum alkaline phosphatase values were similar to the control group, whereas serum osteocalcin and N-telopeptide/creatinine (NTx/Cr) values were significantly lower than the control group (osteocalcin: 8.82 +/- 4.03 ng/ml, NTx/Cr: 122.70 +/- 81.76 nMBCE/mMCr) in diabetic patients (osteocalcin: 4.44 +/- 3.53 ng/ml, NTx/Cr: 42.24 +/- 29.97 nMBCE/mMCr). |
| 425 | 12746755 | In addition, T3 markedly increased specific alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in HOB (10(-10) M: 169.86 +/- 12.14 % vs. control, p < 0.001), but no significant influence on type I procollagen propeptide (PICP) production was observed. |
| 426 | 12757753 | Although, the activities of both gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase of the brush border membrane decreased, that of the latter decreased to a significant extent with an increase in K(m) (81%) and no change in the V(max). |
| 427 | 12777378 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase-4 plays a potential role in insulin resistance. |
| 428 | 12777378 | Specifically, a reporter system comprised of the PEPCK promoter upstream of alkaline phosphatase was used in a hepatocyte cell-based assay to screen an expression cDNA library for genes that reverse insulin-induced repression of PEPCK transcription. |
| 429 | 12777378 | Here we show that MKP-4 is expressed in insulin-responsive tissues and that the expression levels are up-regulated in obese insulin-resistant rodent models. |
| 430 | 12777378 | Heterologous expression of MKP-4 in preadipocytes significantly blocked insulin-induced adipogenesis, and overexpression of MKP-4 in adipocytes inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. |
| 431 | 12777378 | Our data suggest that MKP-4 negatively regulates insulin signaling and, consequently, may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. |
| 432 | 12826018 | The activities of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), creatine kinase (CK), amylase (AMS) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) have been used to assess the toxic effects of xenobiotics that have hypoglycaemic action in hepatic, pancreatic, renal and muscle tissue. |
| 433 | 12826018 | Levels of hepatic enzymes AST, ALT and ALP were higher in the streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats (group D), but were controlled by insulin therapy (group DI). |
| 434 | 12826018 | Proteinuria was detected 1 day after STZ administration and partially controlled by insulin (group DI); its early presence in group D rats, and the lack of any change in serum ACE in this group, indicates that proteinuria is the better marker for microangiopathy. |
| 435 | 12826018 | The liver, pancreas and kidney tissue-damage was consistent with the altered serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and AMS and proteinuria. |
| 436 | 12925529 | The osteoblast factor osterix (Osx) is up-regulated 10-fold by Msx2, but Runx2 mRNA is unchanged; the early osteoblast marker alkaline phosphatase increases 50-fold with mineralized nodule formation enhanced 30-fold. |
| 437 | 13095523 | [Inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in the blood following administration of glucose and insulin in diabetes: preliminary observations]. |
| 438 | 14577585 | In the present study, an investigation of the diabetes induced regional changes in fluidity, oxidative damage, non-enzymatic glycation as well as the activities and the kinetic parameters of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was carried out on the intestinal BBM. |
| 439 | 14599111 | Medical examination revealed high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels making her visit our clinic. |
| 440 | 14628094 | Presenting signs and symptoms, like jaundice, diabetes, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase elevation and history of cholecystectomy did not have any significant impact on survival. |
| 441 | 14661073 | We measured BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS), as well as the serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligand RANKL, and the urinary concentration of the C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CrossLaps), in 36 patient (20 male and 16 female) with serious atherosclerotic involvement of the carotid and/or femoral artery to investigate the underlying mechanism of vascular and osseous disorders. |
| 442 | 14671148 | Pegvisomant-induced serum insulin-like growth factor-I normalization in patients with acromegaly returns elevated markers of bone turnover to normal. |
| 443 | 14671148 | Pegvisomant is a GH receptor antagonist that normalizes serum IGF-I in 97% of patients with active acromegaly. |
| 444 | 14671148 | Serum procollagen III amino-terminal propeptide (PIIINP) and type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide, osteocalcin (OC), bone-related alkaline phosphatase, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), albumin-corrected calcium, intact PTH, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D [1,25-(OH)(2) vit D], urinary type 1 collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide/creatinine ratio, and urinary calcium (24 h collection) were measured (single-batch analysis) at study entry and after IGF-I normalization, along with sera from 32 age- and sex-matched controls. |
| 445 | 14671148 | Pegvisomant-induced serum IGF-I normalization (699 +/- 76 to 242 +/- 28 micro g/liter, P < 0.001) was associated with a significant decrease in PIIINP, markers of bone formation (type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide, OC, and bone-related alkaline phosphatase), and resorption (CTx and urinary type 1 collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide/creatinine ratio). 1,25-(OH)(2) vit D decreased and intact PTH increased significantly, but 25-hydroxy vitamin D was unaffected. |
| 446 | 14671148 | Pegvisomant-induced serum insulin-like growth factor-I normalization in patients with acromegaly returns elevated markers of bone turnover to normal. |
| 447 | 14671148 | Pegvisomant is a GH receptor antagonist that normalizes serum IGF-I in 97% of patients with active acromegaly. |
| 448 | 14671148 | Serum procollagen III amino-terminal propeptide (PIIINP) and type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide, osteocalcin (OC), bone-related alkaline phosphatase, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), albumin-corrected calcium, intact PTH, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D [1,25-(OH)(2) vit D], urinary type 1 collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide/creatinine ratio, and urinary calcium (24 h collection) were measured (single-batch analysis) at study entry and after IGF-I normalization, along with sera from 32 age- and sex-matched controls. |
| 449 | 14671148 | Pegvisomant-induced serum IGF-I normalization (699 +/- 76 to 242 +/- 28 micro g/liter, P < 0.001) was associated with a significant decrease in PIIINP, markers of bone formation (type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide, OC, and bone-related alkaline phosphatase), and resorption (CTx and urinary type 1 collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide/creatinine ratio). 1,25-(OH)(2) vit D decreased and intact PTH increased significantly, but 25-hydroxy vitamin D was unaffected. |
| 450 | 14730514 | Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and osteocalcin levels generally decrease after transplantation. |
| 451 | 14730514 | Alkaline phosphatase and urinary collagen cross-links are unpredictable. |
| 452 | 15040606 | Bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, and APTT stayed within normal range. |
| 453 | 15050907 | Randomization was stratified according to baseline plasma total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and previous bisphosphonate treatment (yes or no). |
| 454 | 15050907 | In previously treated patients, alendronate resulted in remission in 11/14 (79%) subjects compared with 2/14 (14%) for pamidronate (P < 0.001), with a significantly (P < 0.001) greater reduction in both ALP and DPD/creatinine ratio. |
| 455 | 15133247 | Biochemical parameters for liver function: serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine transaminase (ALP) activities, were evaluated. |
| 456 | 15164161 | The clinical significance of serum osteocalcin and N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen in predialysis patients with chronic renal failure. |
| 457 | 15164161 | Serum levels of three bone formation markers-bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC), and N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP)-and three bone resorption markers-type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and pyridinoline (PYD)-were measured simultaneously in 85 predialysis CRF patients (serum creatinine 3.5 +/- 1.9 mg/dl, 61.0 +/- 10.9 years old, 54 males and 31 females, 36 diabetics and 49 nondiabetics) to examine the relationships between these markers and bone mineral density (BMD) of the distal radius, as measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). |
| 458 | 15239020 | Shear stress also increased differentiated cellular properties such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (121 % of control), fibronectin (FN) and fibronectin receptor (FNR) expression (290 % and 200 %, respectively). |
| 459 | 15239021 | In a prospective randomized trial on 400 rats of the Dark Agouti (DA) and Lewis strain, different functional laboratory parameters such as total calcium, intact parathyroid hormone, phosphate, 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and alkaline phosphatase were measured under a standard and low calcium diet over a period of 40 weeks. |
| 460 | 15336614 | There were no effects of active or placebo therapy on total alkaline phosphatase, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, or beta C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (beta-CTX). |
| 461 | 15352382 | Experimental diabetes did not influence the lactase and leucine aminopeptidase activity in the intestine, but the activity of alkaline phosphatase was increased. |
| 462 | 15362497 | The plasma level of alanine aminotranferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly after the onset of diabetes. |
| 463 | 15362497 | However, the plant extract failed to reduce the increased blood level of GGT and ALP in diabetic rats. |
| 464 | 15525588 | Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) increase peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). |
| 465 | 15525588 | Decreased osteoblast number and activity due to increased apoptotic death of osteoblasts and osteocytes was apparent while osteoclast parameters and serum levels of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase activity, and leptin were unaltered by rosiglitazone treatment. |
| 466 | 15552273 | Significant factors affecting insulin were age, gender, body mass index and glucose, in addition to alanine aminotransferase and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men, triglycerides and oral contraceptive use in women, and alkaline phosphatase in girls. |
| 467 | 15591647 | Blood levels of glucose, urea, uric acid and creatinine, plasma levels of albumin and albumin/globulin ratio and the activities of diagnostic marker enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) in plasma, liver and kidney were markedly altered in STZ diabetic rats. |
| 468 | 15616896 | Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities showed significant six- and twofold increases, respectively, in diabetic rats. |
| 469 | 15869925 | While osteoblastic markers, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase, were depressed to a comparable degree in both groups, urinary calcium/creatinine ratio and hydroxyproline excretion were significantly greater in diabetic ketoacidosis. |
| 470 | 15885927 | Moreover, a significant decrease in the activities of serum enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and HMGCoA reductase activity in the liver was observed. |
| 471 | 15905321 | Decreased bone mass, osteoporosis, and increased fracture rates are common skeletal complications in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM; type I diabetes). |
| 472 | 15905321 | IDDM develops from little or no insulin production and is marked by elevated blood glucose levels and weight loss. |
| 473 | 15905321 | However, osteocalcin mRNA (a marker of late-stage osteoblast differentiation) and dynamic parameters of bone formation were decreased in diabetic tibias, whereas osteoblast number and runx2 and alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels did not differ. |
| 474 | 15905321 | This is supported by increased expression of adipocyte markers [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2, resistin, and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (alphaP2)] and the appearance of lipid-dense adipocytes in diabetic tibias. |
| 475 | 15978265 | The bone formation markers, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), intact osteocalcin (OC), and N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), and the bone resorption markers, deoxypyridinoline (DPD), pyridinoline (PYD), and beta-crossLaps (beta-CTx) were measured in serum from 137 HD patients. |
| 476 | 15986869 | We selected 20 NAFLD patients with abnormal transaminase levels, with both alkaline phosphatase >500 U/L and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase >250 U/L. |
| 477 | 16045816 | Left ventricular tissue was processed for enzyme catalytic histochemistry of capillary alkaline phosphatase (AlPh), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), and endothelial NO synthase/NADPH-diaphorase (NOS) and for ultrastructural analysis. |
| 478 | 16045816 | Quantitative evaluation demonstrated reduction of reaction product intensity of AlPh, DPP and NOS by 49.50%, 74.36%, 20.05% in diabetic and 62.93%, 82.71%, 37.65% in hypertensive rats. |
| 479 | 16126724 | Dual specificity MAPK phosphatase 3 activates PEPCK gene transcription and increases gluconeogenesis in rat hepatoma cells. |
| 480 | 16126724 | In liver, insulin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the transcriptions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) genes. |
| 481 | 16126724 | To search for novel genes that negatively regulate insulin signaling in controlling metabolic pathways, we screened a cDNA library derived from the white adipose tissue of ob/ob mice using a reporter system comprised of the PEPCK promoter placed upstream of the alkaline phosphatase gene. |
| 482 | 16126724 | The mitogen-activated dual specificity protein kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP-3) was identified as a candidate gene that antagonized insulin suppression on PEPCK gene transcription from this screen. |
| 483 | 16126724 | In this study, we showed that MKP-3 was expressed in insulin-responsive tissues and that its expression was markedly elevated in the livers of insulin-resistant obese mice. |
| 484 | 16126724 | In addition, MKP-3 can activate PEPCK promoter in synergy with dexamethasone in hepatoma cells. |
| 485 | 16126724 | Furthermore, ectopic expression of MKP-3 in hepatoma cells by adenoviral infection increased the expression of PEPCK and G6Pase genes and led to elevated glucose production. |
| 486 | 16126724 | Therefore, dysregulation of MKP-3 expression and/or function in liver may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type II diabetes. |
| 487 | 16198619 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear transcription factor that comprises the primary molecular target for thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin-sensitizing drugs. |
| 488 | 16198619 | Thus, TZDs have been shown to reduce plasma levels of the chemokine, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), the anti-fibrinolytic protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the endothelial cell adhesion molecules, e-selectin and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), the leucocyte-activating molecule, CD40L, and the tissue-remodeling enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). |
| 489 | 16198619 | Further tangible evidence of a reduction by TZDs of systemic inflammation in patients with the classical metabolic syndrome stems from falls in the white blood cell count, P-selectin-positive platelets and in the acute-phase inflammatory proteins, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and fibrinogen. |
| 490 | 16198619 | Here, these drugs improve insulin sensitivity for glucose metabolism, reduce hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, and lower the circulating levels of liver transaminases (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase. |
| 491 | 16249437 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a component of the metabolic syndrome, although it is not known whether markers of NAFLD, including elevated concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALK), predict the development of metabolic syndrome. |
| 492 | 16249437 | Our objective was to investigate the associations of elevated AST, ALT, and other liver markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), with incident National Cholesterol Education Program-defined metabolic syndrome among 633 subjects in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study who were free of metabolic syndrome at baseline. |
| 493 | 16249437 | In separate logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, clinic, and alcohol consumption, subjects in the upper quartiles of ALT, ALK, and CRP were at significantly increased risk of incident metabolic syndrome compared with those in the lowest quartile: ALT, odds ratio 2.50 (95% CI 1.38-4.51); ALK, 2.28 (1.24-4.20); and CRP, 1.33 (1.09-1.63). |
| 494 | 16298637 | Serial slides were stained for glucagon and insulin with the alkaline phosphatase and alkaline phosphate method at 1 to 2 days after transplantation islets with strong insulin expression were found within the portal vein branches. |
| 495 | 16306358 | They continue to express the proximal tubular markers CD13/aminopeptidase-N, sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2, and alkaline phosphatase through up to six subsequent subcultures in a similar way to human proximal cells isolated from renal biopsies. |
| 496 | 16306358 | In a hyperglycemic environment, HEPTECs isolated from patients with type 2 diabetes expressed significantly more SGLT2 and the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT2 than cells from healthy individuals. |
| 497 | 16436663 | Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that relative gene expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and transforming growth factor-beta1 were increased in parallel with calcification. |
| 498 | 16436663 | Gene expression of core binding factor alpha-1, an osteoblast-specific transcription factor, increased in parallel with elastin calcification and attained approximately 9.5-fold higher expression at 21 days compared to 3 days after implantation. |
| 499 | 16436663 | Similarly, mRNA levels of the bone markers osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase also increased progressively, but osteocalcin levels remained unchanged. |
| 500 | 16462893 | BMSC proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were studied after 3 and 7 d of culture, respectively; the area stained for collagen and mineralized nodules was studied after 28 d of culture. |
| 501 | 16462893 | With high concentrations of glucose, BMSC proliferation, ALP activity, the number of nodules formed, and the area stained for collagen were greatly reduced. |
| 502 | 16462893 | Insulin treatment alone was able to increase [3H]-thymidine uptake or ALP activity, whereas both insulin and estradiol were able to increase the number of mineralized nodules and the area stained for collagen and mineralization. |
| 503 | 16564524 | Metformin also promoted osteoblastic differentiation: it increased type-I collagen production in both cell lines and stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. |
| 504 | 16564524 | Metformin induced activation and redistribution of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (P-ERK) in a transient manner, and dose-dependently stimulated the expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (e/iNOS). |
| 505 | 16564524 | These results show for the first time a direct osteogenic effect of metformin on osteoblasts in culture, which could be mediated by activation/redistribution of ERK-1/2 and induction of e/iNOS. |
| 506 | 16619259 | Specifically, chronic hyperglycemia increases alkaline phosphatase activity and expression and decreases osteocalcin, MMP-13, VEGF and GAPDH expression. |
| 507 | 16619259 | Acute hyperglycemia for a 48-h period was also capable of inducing alkaline phosphatase and suppressing osteocalcin, MMP-13, VEGF, and GAPDH expression in differentiated osteoblasts. |
| 508 | 16619259 | Specifically, chronic hyperglycemia increases alkaline phosphatase activity and expression and decreases osteocalcin, MMP-13, VEGF and GAPDH expression. |
| 509 | 16619259 | Acute hyperglycemia for a 48-h period was also capable of inducing alkaline phosphatase and suppressing osteocalcin, MMP-13, VEGF, and GAPDH expression in differentiated osteoblasts. |
| 510 | 16644609 | Multivariate analysis identified alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and immoglobulin G levels as independent predictors of relapse. |
| 511 | 16644609 | Predictive factors included lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, and fasting blood glucose levels for diabetes mellitus, alkaline phosphatase and C-reactive protein for psychiatric/ neurologic symptoms, and autoimmune hepatitis score and lactate dehydrogenase for circulatory symptoms. |
| 512 | 16644609 | Multivariate analysis identified alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and immoglobulin G levels as independent predictors of relapse. |
| 513 | 16644609 | Predictive factors included lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, and fasting blood glucose levels for diabetes mellitus, alkaline phosphatase and C-reactive protein for psychiatric/ neurologic symptoms, and autoimmune hepatitis score and lactate dehydrogenase for circulatory symptoms. |
| 514 | 16649554 | Oral administration of a bark extract of Helicteres isora (100, 200 mg/kg) in STZ diabetic rats caused a significant increase in body weight, hepatic hexokinase activity and significant decrease in hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, serum acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). |
| 515 | 16731441 | We report a case series of 26 patients with frank osteomalacia (pseudo fractures on X-rays, elevated serum total alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone, normal/low serum calcium and phosphorus, and low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D) who were followed-up for changes in BMD during treatment using dual- energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). |
| 516 | 16741951 | Our results revealed that reduced Nurr1 expression, using Nurr1 siRNA in MC3T3-E1 cells, affected the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes, osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), as measured by quantitative real-time PCR. |
| 517 | 16741951 | The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), another osteoblast differentiation marker gene, was also decreased in Nurr1 siRNA-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. |
| 518 | 16741951 | In addition, Nurr1 overexpression increased OCN and COL1A1 expression. |
| 519 | 16831933 | High-fat diets promote vascular calcification in male low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice, with concomitant upregulation of aortic BMP2 and Msx2 gene expression. |
| 520 | 16831933 | We studied CMV-Msx2Tg+;LDLR+ transgenic mice (C57Bl/6), a model previously demonstrated to recapitulate features of Msx2 signaling during craniosynostosis. |
| 521 | 16831933 | Gene expression studies revealed that while Msx2 was expressed primarily in adventitial cells, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and calcification occurred primarily in the tunica media. |
| 522 | 16831933 | Msx2 promotes the elaboration of a pro-osteogenic milieu by upregulating expression of Wingless type (Wnt) ligands while downregulating the canonical antagonist, Dickkopf (Dkk1). |
| 523 | 16998616 | In male rats fed RD, primary cultures of osteoblasts without hormone addition to the culture medium showed that alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was similar in the Cohen diabetic rats (both CDr and CDs) to that of the original Sabra strain. |
| 524 | 16998616 | The addition of the hormones to the culture medium did not change ALP activity or collagen synthesis in the male-derived osteoblasts, but increased mineralization in all strains. |
| 525 | 16998616 | HSD increased the basal activity of ALP in the CDr but not in the CDs rats, and decreased the rate of collagen synthesis in both CDr and CDs (diabetic) animals. |
| 526 | 17052049 | Serum osteocalcin (p<0.0001), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) (p<0.05) and carboxyterminal telopeptide (CTx) (p<0.05) were higher in the control group than in diabetics. |
| 527 | 17056676 | We examined the effects of insulin on calcifying smooth muscle cells in vitro and measured the expression of the bone-related molecule osteoprotegerin (OPG). |
| 528 | 17056676 | Histochemistry was used for determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). |
| 529 | 17056676 | Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and OPG mRNA expressions were done by RT-PCR. beta-Glycerophosphate was able to induce calcification in human smooth muscle cells from a series of donors after variable time in culture. |
| 530 | 17056676 | Calcified cells expressed ALP and BSP activity in high levels. |
| 531 | 17056676 | Effects of insulin and modulations by OPG on the calcification process in arterial cells may play a role in the development of calcifications as part of the diabetic macroangiopathy. |
| 532 | 17058711 | Low adiponectin levels are associated with elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase, a marker of reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity and a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. |
| 533 | 17058711 | This study aims to determine the relationship between serum adiponectin level and alanine aminotransferase in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. |
| 534 | 17058711 | Baseline plasma concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and glucose are measured on a chemistry analyser. |
| 535 | 17058711 | Insulin and adiponectin are measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay techniques and insulin resistance is determined using the homeostatic model assessment method. |
| 536 | 17058711 | Diabetic patients showed significantly lower levels of serum adiponectin than did the non-diabetic subjects, whereas levels of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were similar in both groups. |
| 537 | 17058711 | While female non-diabetic subjects showed higher serum adiponectin levels than did female diabetic patients, alanine aminotransferase level did not differ (P>0.05). |
| 538 | 17058711 | No significant relationship was seen between adiponectin and alanine aminotransferase in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (P>0.05). |
| 539 | 17058711 | Serum adiponectin levels were higher in non-diabetic subjects but there was no significant correlation between adiponectin and alanine aminotransferase in both groups of subjects. |
| 540 | 17058711 | Low adiponectin levels are associated with elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase, a marker of reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity and a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. |
| 541 | 17058711 | This study aims to determine the relationship between serum adiponectin level and alanine aminotransferase in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. |
| 542 | 17058711 | Baseline plasma concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and glucose are measured on a chemistry analyser. |
| 543 | 17058711 | Insulin and adiponectin are measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay techniques and insulin resistance is determined using the homeostatic model assessment method. |
| 544 | 17058711 | Diabetic patients showed significantly lower levels of serum adiponectin than did the non-diabetic subjects, whereas levels of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were similar in both groups. |
| 545 | 17058711 | While female non-diabetic subjects showed higher serum adiponectin levels than did female diabetic patients, alanine aminotransferase level did not differ (P>0.05). |
| 546 | 17058711 | No significant relationship was seen between adiponectin and alanine aminotransferase in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (P>0.05). |
| 547 | 17058711 | Serum adiponectin levels were higher in non-diabetic subjects but there was no significant correlation between adiponectin and alanine aminotransferase in both groups of subjects. |
| 548 | 17151319 | The plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) were significantly increased after the onset of diabetes. |
| 549 | 17167536 | Serum calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), vertebral ALP, collagen, and glycosaminoglycans were estimated. |
| 550 | 17167536 | Serum ALP and TRAP activity increased in the ovary-intact and ovariectomized diabetic rats. |
| 551 | 17167536 | In the vertebrae, TRAP activity was elevated as a result of diabetes, but this was prevented by insulin or estradiol. |
| 552 | 17170223 | Phenotypic differences between MIN-6(L, low passage) and MIN-6(H, high passage) were determined by ELISA (assessing GSIS and cellular (pro)insulin content), proliferation assays, phase contrast light microscopy and analysis of alkaline phosphatase expression. |
| 553 | 17177144 | Serum soluble factors induce the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and transforming growth factor-beta signal in osteoblastic cells in the patient with hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosis. |
| 554 | 17177144 | We examined the effects of serum of the HCAO patient on the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-Smad signaling in mouse osteoblastic cells. |
| 555 | 17177144 | The serum from the HCAO patient increased the levels of TGF-beta and Smad3 expression in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, compared with the control subject. |
| 556 | 17177144 | Moreover, the serum from the HCAO patient significantly augmented TGF-beta-induced transcriptional activity with luciferase assay using 3TP-Lux with a Smad3-specific responsive element. |
| 557 | 17177144 | In addition, the serum from the HCAO patient significantly stimulated the MTT intensity, the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, a proliferation marker, and ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells, compared with that from the control subject. |
| 558 | 17177144 | Serum soluble factors induce the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and transforming growth factor-beta signal in osteoblastic cells in the patient with hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosis. |
| 559 | 17177144 | We examined the effects of serum of the HCAO patient on the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-Smad signaling in mouse osteoblastic cells. |
| 560 | 17177144 | The serum from the HCAO patient increased the levels of TGF-beta and Smad3 expression in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, compared with the control subject. |
| 561 | 17177144 | Moreover, the serum from the HCAO patient significantly augmented TGF-beta-induced transcriptional activity with luciferase assay using 3TP-Lux with a Smad3-specific responsive element. |
| 562 | 17177144 | In addition, the serum from the HCAO patient significantly stimulated the MTT intensity, the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, a proliferation marker, and ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells, compared with that from the control subject. |
| 563 | 17273658 | We determined BMD in the femoral neck and at the L2-L4 level (DEXA) and serum levels of glucose, total glycated hemoglobin (HbA1), total and ionic calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, follicle-stimulating hormone, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI), osteocalcin, procollagen type I C propeptide, as well as urinary levels of deoxypyridinoline and creatinine. |
| 564 | 17340225 | Insulin-like effects of visfatin on human osteoblasts. |
| 565 | 17340225 | Visfatin binds to and activates the insulin receptor (IR), thereby exerting insulin-mimetic effects in various cell lines. |
| 566 | 17340225 | The expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of IR, IR substrate-1 (IRS-1), and IRS-2 were determined by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. |
| 567 | 17340225 | Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for determining alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and type I collagen mRNA expression. |
| 568 | 17340225 | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay were used for measuring ALP activity, osteocalcin secretion, and type I collagen production. |
| 569 | 17340225 | We found that visfatin induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IR, IRS-1, and IRS-2. |
| 570 | 17340225 | Moreover, the effects of visfatin - glucose uptake, proliferation, and type I collagen enhancement of cultured human osteoblast-like cells - bore a close resemblance to those of insulin and were inhibited by hydroxy-2-naphthalenylmethylphosphonic acid tris-acetoxymethyl ester, a specific inhibitor of IR tyrosine kinase activity. |
| 571 | 17340225 | We also unexpectedly found that visfatin downregulated osteocalcin secretion from human osteoblast-like cells. |
| 572 | 17340225 | These data indicate that the regulation of glucose uptake, proliferation, and type I collagen production by visfatin in human osteoblasts involves IR phosphorylation, the same signal-transduction pathway used by insulin. |
| 573 | 17360690 | Compared with control mice, plasma levels of glycerol and triglycerides were markedly increased in AQP9(-/-) mice, whereas glucose, urea, free fatty acids, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol were not significantly different. |
| 574 | 17360690 | Obese Lepr(db)/Lepr(db) AQP9(-/-) and obese Lepr(db)/Lepr(db) AQP9(+/-) mice showed similar body weight, whereas the glycerol levels in obese Lepr(db)/Lepr(db) AQP9(-/-) mice were dramatically increased. |
| 575 | 17360690 | Consistent with a role of AQP9 in hepatic uptake of glycerol, blood glucose levels were significantly reduced in Lepr(db)/Lepr(db) AQP9(-/-) mice compared with Lepr(db)/Lepr(db) AQP9(+/-) in response to 3 h of fasting. |
| 576 | 17636394 | Sixty days after induced DM, blood samples were collected for glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin measures. |
| 577 | 17707984 | CLA supplementation reduced liver lipid concentration of fa/fa rats by 62% in concurrence with improved liver function (lower serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and favorable modification of the serum lipoprotein profile (reduced VLDL and LDL and elevated HDL) compared with controlfed fa/fa rats. |
| 578 | 17803054 | Most changes found in dolphins during the fasting state--including significantly increased glucose, platelets, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase; significantly decreased serum uric acid; and shifts toward a metabolic acidodic state (significantly increased blood CO2)--have been previously associated with diabetes mellitus in humans. |
| 579 | 17877290 | The continued use of leaf and root extract for 28 days produced significant hypoglycemic effects; also there was a decrease in serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and creatinine levels and enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase). |
| 580 | 17906411 | [Pyrophosphate and mineralization (TNSALP, PC-1, ANK)]. |
| 581 | 17906411 | Pyrophosphate inhibits mineralization, and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) increases phosphate concentration by cleaving pyrophosphate, which is important for the regulation of mineralization in bone. |
| 582 | 17906411 | Moreover, PC-1 (plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1) on matrix vesicle and osteoblast plasma membrane, as well as ANK (ankylosis) on osteoblast plasma membrane induce extracellular pyrophosphate. |
| 583 | 17906411 | The pyrophosphate production by PC-1 and ANK and TNSALP, as well as some mineralization-inhibiting factors, (for example osteopontin) induced by these molecules, is considered to maintain the normal process of mineralization. |
| 584 | 17916452 | Increased cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase expression in bone of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. |
| 585 | 17916452 | The effect of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on bone metabolism was evaluated using the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat 1 week after the induction of diabetes. |
| 586 | 17916452 | The levels of serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the distal femur of the diabetic rats were significantly reduced to about 40% and 70% of the control levels, respectively. |
| 587 | 17916452 | The decrease in the expression osteocalcin was observed in distal femur of the diabetic rats, although the level of ALP mRNA was unchanged. |
| 588 | 17916452 | The activity and the mRNA level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) increased to 1.5- and 2.3-fold the control level, respectively, in distal femur of the diabetic rats. |
| 589 | 17916452 | These results suggest that IDDM contributes to bone loss through changes in gene expression of TRAP and cathepsin K in osteoclasts as well as osteocalcin in osteoblasts resulting in increased bone resorptive activity and decreased bone formation. |
| 590 | 18022929 | Urinary NAG, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities, urea, creatinine, and albumin, with levels of serum glucose and creatinine and whole blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured in 32 diabetes mellitus patients and 25 healthy subjects (controls). |
| 591 | 18037364 | At 36 weeks of age, the rats were killed, and we evaluated bone formation and the effect of insulin on bone formation, blood and urine analyses, bone mineral density (BMD), histomorphometry, and mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN). |
| 592 | 18095236 | She was found to be severely hypercalcaemic and exhibited features suggestive of parathyroid carcinoma (palpable neck mass, extremely high parathyroid hormone, high alkaline phosphatase, concomitant presence of renal disease and skeletal involvement). |
| 593 | 18202319 | TG2(-/-) SMCs lost the capacity for P(i) donor-induced formation of multicellular bone-like nodules and for increased expression of the type III sodium-dependent P(i) cotransporter Pit-1 and certain osteoblast and chondrocyte genes (tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, the osteoblast master transcription factor runx2, and chondrocyte-restricted aggrecan), and for P(i) donor- and bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced calcification. |
| 594 | 18202319 | Uniquely in TG2(-/-) SMCs, P(i) donor treatment increased expression of the physiological SMC chondro-osseous differentiation and calcification inhibitors osteoprotegerin, matrix Gla protein, and osteopontin. |
| 595 | 18202319 | TG2 expression also drove P(i)-stimulated calcification of mouse aortic ring organ cultures, which was suppressed by the TG2 catalytic site-specific inhibitor Boc-DON-Gln-Ile-Val-OMe (10 micromol/L). |
| 596 | 18202319 | Our results suggest that TG2 release in injured arteries is critical for programming chondro-osseous SMC differentiation and calcification in response to increased P(i) and bone morphogenetic protein-2. |
| 597 | 18210765 | Metformin significantly reduced fasting insulin (p=0.04), body weight (p=0.026), body mass index (BMI) (p=0.022), waist circumference (p=0.022) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) (p=0.039), while rosiglitazone decreased blood pressure (systolic: p = 0.05, mean: p = 0.03) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p =0.001) compared to baseline values. |
| 598 | 18273753 | In two osteoblast-like cell lines (UMR106 and MC3T3E1), AGE-modified albumin induced cell death, caspase-3 activity, altered intracellular oxidative stress and inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity. |
| 599 | 18293283 | An asymptomatic 70-year-old Hispanic woman with type 2 diabetes was found in 2004 to have an AST of 132 U/L, ALT 146 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 1107 U/L, total serum bilirubin 3.5 mg/dL, and albumin 2.9 g/dL. |
| 600 | 18293283 | Serum IgG and IgA, but NOT IgM, were elevated. |
| 601 | 18294711 | Bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP)/DPD ratio was 1.5 in controls compared to 0.53 in HFP. |
| 602 | 18580021 | Serum intact PTH (iPTH), calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and magnesium (Mg) were measured. |
| 603 | 18599037 | Compared with control incubation, 2-deoxy-d-ribose significantly (P<0.05) inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and calcium deposition at the concentration of 20 mM. |
| 604 | 18599037 | Myricetin significantly (P<0.05) increased cell survival, ALP activity, collagen, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and calcium deposition and decreased MDA, protein carbonyl, and advanced oxidation protein products contents of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in the presence of 20 mM 2-deoxy-d-ribose. |
| 605 | 18635165 | An optimum dose of 3-HMX (40 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered for 45 days to streptozotocin-diabetic rats for the assessment of glucose, insulin, hemoglobin (Hb), glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), hepatic glycogen, and activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, such as glucokinase, glucose 6-phosphatase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hepatic marker enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 3-HMX at 40 mg dose produced similar effects on all biochemical parameters studied as that of glibenclamide, a standard drug. |
| 606 | 18665784 | We examined the relationships between metabolic control, IGF-1 and its binding proteins (IGFBP-1, -3, -5), and bone mass in T1DM in adolescent girls 12-15 yr of age with T1DM (n = 11) and matched controls (n = 10). |
| 607 | 18665784 | Serum GH, IGFBP-1 and -5, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), glucose, and urine magnesium levels were higher and IGF-1 values were lower in T1DM compared with controls (p < 0.05). |
| 608 | 18665784 | Poor diabetes control predicted lower IGF-1 (r(2) = 0.21) and greater IGFBP-1 (r(2) = 0.39), IGFBP-5 (r(2) = 0.38), and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP; r(2) = 0.41, p < 0.05). |
| 609 | 18675532 | The diabetic rats orally treated with resveratrol (5 mg kg(-)(1)b.w d(-)(1)) for 30 days resulted in significant (p<0.05) decrease in the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood urea, serum uric acid, serum creatinine and diminished activities of pathophysiological enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). |
| 610 | 18675532 | The antihyperglycemic nature of resveratrol is also evidenced from the improvement in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. |
| 611 | 18716364 | We measured blood counts, blood chemistry, bone alkaline phosphatase, intact-PTH, interleukin-6, osteoprotegerin (OPG), hemoglobin A1c, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and fetuin-A. |
| 612 | 18716364 | Multiple regression analyses showed that low albumin and high OPG were associated with high CACS. |
| 613 | 18716364 | Serum OPG was positively associated with high CACS and can be a useful screening tool for severe coronary calcification, whereas no association between fetuin-A and CACS was found. |
| 614 | 19007766 | In addition, oral administration of costunolide (20 mg/kg bw) significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol and at the same time markedly increased plasma insulin, tissue glycogen, HDL cholesterol and serum protein. |
| 615 | 19007766 | Also costunolide restored the altered plasma enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotrasferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase) levels to near normal. |
| 616 | 19007766 | Costunolide might have stimulated the beta islets to secrete insulin by inhibiting the expression of nitric oxide synthase. |
| 617 | 19018454 | As for bone/mineral parameters, BMD increase at the lumbar spine was not significantly related to serum levels of calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase or urinary levels of deoxypiridinoline and calcium excretion. |
| 618 | 19101228 | The relation between traditional cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., age; gender; dialysis vintage; history of diabetes; means of the previous 3 years of weekly predialysis blood pressure values and hemoglobin levels; means of monthly values of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid; and albumin; and means of quarterly measurements of parathyroid hormone and lipids) and fetuin-A levels and CACS was explored using univariate analyses. |
| 619 | 19170143 | The patients were visited monthly and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine levels were determined at the beginning and after 2 months. |
| 620 | 19219381 | Effect of GLP-1 treatment on bone turnover in normal, type 2 diabetic, and insulin-resistant states. |
| 621 | 19219381 | Since GLP-1 is decreased in the latter condition, we evaluated some bone characteristics in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) and fructose-induced insulin-resistant (IR) rat models compared to normal (N) and the effect of GLP-1 or saline (control) treatment (3 days by osmotic pump). |
| 622 | 19219381 | Compared to N, plasma glucose and insulin were, respectively, higher and lower in T2D; osteocalcin (OC) and tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase 5b were lower; phosphate in IR showed a tendency to be higher; PTH was not different in T2D and IR; all parameters were unchanged after GLP-1 infusion. |
| 623 | 19219381 | Bone OC, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL mRNA were lower in T2D and IR; GLP-1 increased OC and OPG in all groups and RANKL in T2D. |
| 624 | 19219381 | These findings show an insulin-independent anabolic effect of GLP-1 and suggest that GLP-1 could be a useful therapeutic agent for improving the deficient bone formation and bone structure associated with glucose intolerance. |
| 625 | 19227470 | Changes in the myocardial capillary network were examined using the double-staining enzymatic method for alkaline phosphatase (AP) and dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) This method allows the identification of the arteriolar (AP-containing) and the venular (DPPIV-containing) portions of the capillary network. |
| 626 | 19271021 | Compared to nondiabetic rats, liver function tests and histological changes of liver revealed exaggerated liver injury in diabetic rats caused by ATDs which was evident by 5- to 8-fold increases in serum levels of marker enzymes (aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) and 1- to 2-fold increases in bilirubin accompanied by a 2-fold decrease in total serum proteins, intense fatty and inflammatory infiltrations, necrosis and fibrosis. |
| 627 | 19274687 | A significant reduction in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of diabetic rats following OA treatment was also observed. |
| 628 | 19336918 | In addition, treatment with kaempferol resulted in a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and mineralization in the cells. |
| 629 | 19415676 | An intracellular role of the S100 family member S100A4 (Mts1) to suppress mineralization has been described in pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. |
| 630 | 19415676 | RANKL-treated RAW 264.7 cell proliferation and TRAP activity were significantly inhibited by S100, and the number and size of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were decreased. |
| 631 | 19415676 | In contrast to the direct inhibitory effect of S100, the conditioned media promoted RAW 264.7 cell proliferation and TRAP activity, with a trend toward increased TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. |
| 632 | 19415676 | S100 treatment of the MC3T3-E1 cells for 14 days did not significantly affect alkaline phosphatase, M-CSF, or OPG gene expression. |
| 633 | 19423691 | This process involves increased activity of alkaline phosphatase and increased expression of core binding factor alpha-1, a bone-specific transcription factor, with the subsequent induction of osteocalcin. |
| 634 | 19423691 | In addition, osteoblastic transformation of HSMCs provoked by elevated Pi (assessed by upregulation of core binding factor alpha-1, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase activity) was diminished by ferritin/ferroxidase activity. |
| 635 | 19423691 | We conclude that induction of the HO-1/ferritin system prevents Pi-mediated calcification and osteoblastic differentiation of human smooth muscle cells mainly via the ferroxidase activity of ferritin. |
| 636 | 19423691 | This process involves increased activity of alkaline phosphatase and increased expression of core binding factor alpha-1, a bone-specific transcription factor, with the subsequent induction of osteocalcin. |
| 637 | 19423691 | In addition, osteoblastic transformation of HSMCs provoked by elevated Pi (assessed by upregulation of core binding factor alpha-1, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase activity) was diminished by ferritin/ferroxidase activity. |
| 638 | 19423691 | We conclude that induction of the HO-1/ferritin system prevents Pi-mediated calcification and osteoblastic differentiation of human smooth muscle cells mainly via the ferroxidase activity of ferritin. |
| 639 | 19468831 | Efficacy of BDMCA was determined by evaluating blood glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxides (HP), activities of marker enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). |
| 640 | 19564954 | After the treatment period, urine sugar, blood glucose, haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), liver glycogen, serum and tissues lipids, serum and tissues proteins, liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) and serum enzymes like aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were determined. |
| 641 | 19564954 | The levels of urine sugar, blood glucose, HbA1C, G6P, AST, ALT, ACP, ALP, serum lipids except high density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol (HDL-c) and tissues like liver, kidney and heart lipids were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, however Hb, total protein, albumin, albumin:globulin (A:G) ratio, tissues protein and glycogen were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. |
| 642 | 19582775 | Role of Smad3, acting independently of transforming growth factor-beta, in the early induction of Wnt-beta-catenin signaling by parathyroid hormone in mouse osteoblastic cells. |
| 643 | 19582775 | We showed previously that PTH interacts with the canonical Wnt-beta-catenin signaling pathway via the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling molecule, Smad3, to modulate osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis. |
| 644 | 19582775 | Here, we examined which actions of Smad3 are TGF-beta-independent in stimulating the osteoblast phenotype and PTH-induced Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. |
| 645 | 19582775 | For this, the TGF-beta receptor type 1 [activin receptor-like kinase (ALK5)] inhibitor (SB431542), and a Smad3 mutant in which the site normally phosphorylated by ALK5 is mutated from SSVS to AAVA, was used. |
| 646 | 19582775 | PTH induced total beta-catenin and reduced phosphorylated beta-catenin levels at 1, 6, and 24 h in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. |
| 647 | 19582775 | Transient transfection of Smad3AAVA inhibited the PTH induction of total beta-catenin and reduction of phosphorylated beta-catenin levels at 6 and 24 h, but not at 1 h, indicating that the early effects occur independently of TGF-beta receptor signaling. |
| 648 | 19582775 | On the other hand, MC3T3-E1 cell clones in which Smad3AAVA was stably expressed demonstrated elevated beta-catenin levels, although alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization were unaltered. |
| 649 | 19582775 | In contrast, MC3T3-E1 cell clones in which wild-type Smad3 was stably expressed exhibited increased ALP activity and mineralization that were decreased by the ALK5 inhibitor, SB431542, although the beta-catenin levels induced in these cells were not modulated. |
| 650 | 19582775 | In conclusion, the present study indicates that PTH induces osteoblast beta-catenin levels via Smad3 independently of, and dependently on, TGF-beta in the early and later induction phases, respectively. |
| 651 | 19586609 | Blood was taken before and after treatment for plasma measurements; tibiae and femurs were collected for gene expression of bone markers (RT-PCR) and structure (microCT) analysis; we also measured the mRNA levels of LRP5 - an activator of the Wnt pathway - and those of DKK1 and sclerostin (SOST) - both blockers of LRP5 activity. |
| 652 | 19586609 | Compared to N-control, plasma glucose and insulin were respectively higher and lower in T2D; osteocalcin (OC) and tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) were lower; after Ex-4, these turnover markers were further reduced in T2D and IR, while TRAP5b increased in N. |
| 653 | 19586609 | Bone OC, osteoprogeterin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) mRNA were lower in T2D and IR; Ex-4 increased OC in all groups and OPG in N and IR, reduced RANKL in N and T2D but increased it in IR; the LRP5/DKK1 and LRP5/SOST mRNA ratios were similarly decreased in T2D, but in IR, the latter ratio was reduced while the former was increased; after Ex-4, both ratios augmented in N, and that of LRP5/DKK1 tended to normalize in T2D and IR. |
| 654 | 19589269 | Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific protein assays, it was demonstrated that rat aortic VSMCs incubated with AGEs exhibited an increased expression of the AGE receptor (RAGE) and typical bone proteins, such as osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase. |
| 655 | 19594306 | We found that metformin administration both in vivo and in vitro caused an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, type I collagen synthesis, osteocalcin expression, and extracellular calcium deposition of BMPCs. |
| 656 | 19594306 | In conclusion, our results indicate that metformin causes an osteogenic effect both in vivo and in vitro, possibly mediated by Runx2/Cbfa1 and AMPK activation, suggesting a possible action of metformin in a shift toward the osteoblastic differentiation of BMPCs. |
| 657 | 19628413 | With 11 mmol/L glucose, cellular proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the number of nodules formed, and calcium deposition in mineralized nodules were increased significantly; intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were slightly reduced, although these reductions were not statistically significant. |
| 658 | 19628413 | Moreover, we assessed the gene expression levels of Runx2, IGF-1, and IGF-1R. |
| 659 | 19628413 | Eleven micromole per liter glucose stimulated Runx2 and IGF-1 expression; 44 mmol/L glucose inhibited Runx2, IGF-1, and IGF-1R expression. |
| 660 | 19628413 | Metformin stimulated the expression of Runx2 and IGF-1 in three glucose groups, but it did not affect IGF-1R. |
| 661 | 19628413 | Metformin not only significantly decreased intracellular ROS and apoptosis, but also had a direct osteogenic effect on osteoblasts at all glucose concentrations, which could be partially mediated via promotion of Runx2 and IGF-1 expression. |
| 662 | 19641839 | Serum osteocalcin/bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ratio is a predictor for the presence of vertebral fractures in men with type 2 diabetes. |
| 663 | 19641839 | We analyzed the relationships between bone markers (osteocalcin [OC], bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BAP], urinary N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-I collagen) or BMD and HbA(1c), urinary C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)(2) vitamin D, and the presence of prevalent vertebral fractures. |
| 664 | 19641839 | Serum osteocalcin/bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ratio is a predictor for the presence of vertebral fractures in men with type 2 diabetes. |
| 665 | 19641839 | We analyzed the relationships between bone markers (osteocalcin [OC], bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BAP], urinary N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-I collagen) or BMD and HbA(1c), urinary C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)(2) vitamin D, and the presence of prevalent vertebral fractures. |
| 666 | 19662717 | When compared with diabetic hyperlipid-emic rats, plasma TBARS and LOOH levels decreased, the activities of enzymic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx) and plasma GSH levels increased in the S-Frf fed group. |
| 667 | 19662717 | The activities of plasma hepatic markers serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, and levels of plasma urea, uric acid, creatinine, globulin, A/G ratio significantly decreased, whereas liver weight, total protein, and albumin increased. |
| 668 | 19695236 | In addition, oral administration of eremanthin (20mg/kg bw) significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and at the same time markedly increased plasma insulin, tissue glycogen, HDL-cholesterol and serum protein. |
| 669 | 19695236 | Eremanthin also restored the altered plasma enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase) levels to near normal. |
| 670 | 19751417 | Bone mineral density, osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 671 | 19751417 | The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of osteopenia and the relationships between osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP), and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). |
| 672 | 19751417 | Bone mineral density, osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 673 | 19751417 | The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of osteopenia and the relationships between osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP), and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). |
| 674 | 19764353 | Compared with the diabetic (STZ-treated) controls, the diabetic-heatstroke rats displayed higher levels of body temperature, intracranial pressure, serum nitric oxide metabolite, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and dihydroxybenzoic acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. |
| 675 | 19797203 | LL-37 via EGFR transactivation to promote high glucose-attenuated epithelial wound healing in organ-cultured corneas. |
| 676 | 19797203 | The authors investigated the effects of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 on HG-attenuated corneal epithelial EGFR signaling and wound closure. |
| 677 | 19797203 | Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) shedding was assessed by measuring the release of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in a stable HCEC line expressing HB-EGF-AP. |
| 678 | 19797203 | Activation of EGFR, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) was determined by Western blot analysis. |
| 679 | 19797203 | LL-37 induced HB-EGF-AP release and EGFR activation in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 680 | 19797203 | LL-37 prolonged EGFR signaling in response to wounding. |
| 681 | 19797203 | LL-37 enhanced the closure of a scratch wound in cultured HCECs and partially rescued HG-attenuated wound healing in an EGFR- and a PI3K-dependent manner and restored HG-impaired EGFR signaling in cultured porcine corneas. |
| 682 | 19797203 | LL-37 is a tonic factor promoting EGFR signaling and enhancing epithelial wound healing in normal and high glucose conditions. |
| 683 | 19915165 | High glucose potentiates collagen synthesis and bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced early osteoblast gene expression in rat spinal ligament cells. |
| 684 | 19915165 | Using these cells, high glucose stimulated the synthesis of type I collagen and significantly potentiated expression of early osteoblast genes (Runx2; alkaline phosphatase, ALP; and osteopontin, OP) induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). |
| 685 | 19915165 | Consistent with these observations, an inhibitor of p38 augmented the potentiation of high glucose on BMP-2-induced early osteogenic gene expression, whereas the PKC inhibitor repressed the effect of high glucose on type I collagen synthesis of the cells. |
| 686 | 19915165 | In conclusion, high glucose, via production of reactive oxygen species, subsequent activation of PKC, and inhibition of p38, enhances type I collagen synthesis and expression of early osteogenesis genes induced by BMP-2 in rat spinal ligament cells. |
| 687 | 19924377 | MSC cultured in osteogenic medium increased expression of osteonectin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase. |
| 688 | 19924377 | Additionally, the effect of HO-1 on osteoblasts appears different to that seen in adipocyte stem cells. |
| 689 | 19924377 | Moreover, glucose (30 mM) inhibited osteoblast differentiation, as evidenced by decreased bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin (OPG). |
| 690 | 19924377 | Increased HO-1 expression increased the levels of osteonectin, OPG, and BMP-2. |
| 691 | 19924377 | Inhibition of HO activity prevented the increase in osteonectin and potentiated the decrease of osteocalcin and OPG in cells exposed to high glucose levels. |
| 692 | 19924377 | Furthermore, targeting HO-1 expression increased pAMPK and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and restored osteoblastic markers. |
| 693 | 19958209 | Association between serum alkaline phosphatase and C-reactive protein in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. |
| 694 | 20004646 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases alkaline phosphatase expression in vascular smooth muscle cells via MSX2 induction. |
| 695 | 20004646 | TNF-alpha increased the expression of osteogenic marker genes including RUNX2, osterix, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bone sialoprotein, and it also promoted matrix mineralization in VSMCs. |
| 696 | 20004646 | In addition, TNF-alpha enhanced MSX2 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. |
| 697 | 20004646 | MSX2 over-expression alone induced ALP expression, whereas knockdown of MSX2 with small interfering RNA completely blocked TNF-alpha-induced ALP expression. |
| 698 | 20004646 | New protein synthesis was dispensable for MSX2 induction by TNF-alpha, and the inhibition of NF-kappaB by BAY-11-7082 or by dominant negative IkappaBalpha abolished the TNF-alpha-directed induction of MSX2 expression. |
| 699 | 20004646 | In conclusion, our study suggests that TNF-alpha directly induces MSX2 expression through the NF-kappaB pathway, which in turn induces expression of ALP, a key molecule in mineralization, in VSMCs. |
| 700 | 20004646 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases alkaline phosphatase expression in vascular smooth muscle cells via MSX2 induction. |
| 701 | 20004646 | TNF-alpha increased the expression of osteogenic marker genes including RUNX2, osterix, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bone sialoprotein, and it also promoted matrix mineralization in VSMCs. |
| 702 | 20004646 | In addition, TNF-alpha enhanced MSX2 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. |
| 703 | 20004646 | MSX2 over-expression alone induced ALP expression, whereas knockdown of MSX2 with small interfering RNA completely blocked TNF-alpha-induced ALP expression. |
| 704 | 20004646 | New protein synthesis was dispensable for MSX2 induction by TNF-alpha, and the inhibition of NF-kappaB by BAY-11-7082 or by dominant negative IkappaBalpha abolished the TNF-alpha-directed induction of MSX2 expression. |
| 705 | 20004646 | In conclusion, our study suggests that TNF-alpha directly induces MSX2 expression through the NF-kappaB pathway, which in turn induces expression of ALP, a key molecule in mineralization, in VSMCs. |
| 706 | 20007694 | The insulin-like growth factor-1 binding protein acid-labile subunit alters mesenchymal stromal cell fate. |
| 707 | 20007694 | Age-related osteoporosis is accompanied by an increase in marrow adiposity and a reduction in serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the binding proteins that stabilize IGF-1. |
| 708 | 20007694 | To determine the relationship between these proteins and bone marrow adiposity, we evaluated the adipogenic potential of marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from mice with decreased serum IGF-1 due to knockdown of IGF-1 production by the liver or knock-out of the binding proteins. |
| 709 | 20007694 | We found that expression of the late adipocyte differentiation marker peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma was increased in marrow isolated from ALSKO mice. |
| 710 | 20007694 | MSCs from ALSKO mice also exhibited decreased alkaline-phosphatase positive colony size in cultures that were stimulated with osteoblast differentiation media. |
| 711 | 20007694 | These osteoblast-like cells from ALSKO mice failed to induce osteoclastogenesis of control cells in co-culture assays, indicating that impairment of IGF-1 complex formation with ALS in bone marrow alters cell fate, leading to increased adipogenesis. |
| 712 | 20020468 | The results showed that induction of HO-1 inhibited the maturation of osteoblasts including mineralized bone nodule formation, alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased mRNA expression of several differentiation markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and RUNX2. |
| 713 | 20020468 | HO-1 can be induced by H(2)O(2), lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in osteoblasts and also in STZ-induced diabetic mice. |
| 714 | 20045535 | Multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, sex, body height, body weight, waist circumference, serum creatinine, and hemoglobin A(1c) showed that serum total adiponectin was still significantly and positively correlated with percentage change in FN-BMD (r = 0.65, P < .01). |
| 715 | 20045535 | On the other hand, no significant relationships were found between serum levels of hemoglobin A(1c), pentosidine, bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin), or a bone resorption marker (urinary N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-I collagen) vs percentage change in BMD at any site. |
| 716 | 20101423 | Alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were negatively correlated but iron markers were positively correlated with bone structural and formation variables. |
| 717 | 20122920 | Glycosylated haemoglobin, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, globulin, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, urea and uric acid were decreased significantly after B2 treatment. |
| 718 | 20178001 | E-2 has been in culture for over 6 months and has been shown to possess typical features of a pluripotent hESC line including expression of stem cell surface markers (SSEA4, TRA-160, and integrin alpha-6), intracellular alkaline phosphatase, and pluripotency gene markers, OCT4 and NANOG. |
| 719 | 20213600 | On the other hand, alendronate did not affect the levels of ANK, osteopontin and matrix Gla protein mRNA in both 7- and 21-day cultures. |
| 720 | 20213600 | As for the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an important positive regulator of mineralization in osteoblasts, alendronate enhanced the levels of ALP mRNA and protein at 10 (-7)-10 (-5) M. |
| 721 | 20213600 | The regulation of PC-1, osteocalcin and ALP by alendronate might play some role in these effects. |
| 722 | 20307516 | After the experimental period of 30 days, the pathophysiological markers such as serum bilirubin and hepatic aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were studied in addition to hepatic TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, NF-kappaB p65 and nitric oxide (NO) levels in control and experimental groups of rats. |
| 723 | 20307516 | The levels of vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) were determined in the liver tissues. |
| 724 | 20354684 | In previous studies, with up to 16 weeks of exposure to rosiglitazone or pioglitazone, circulating markers of bone formation [procollagen I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase] decreased but no change in bone resorption markers was found. |
| 725 | 20354684 | Overall, in stratified analyses of men and in stratified analyses among different ethnicities, there were no statistically significant differences observed in CTX, P1NP, OPG, PTH, or 25-OHD between the treatment groups. |
| 726 | 20376213 | The lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were measured in liver homogenate and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lipid profile were measured in blood serum. |
| 727 | 20376213 | Administration of single dose of streptozotozin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) caused significant increases in lipid peroxidation, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, while superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly decreased. |
| 728 | 20376213 | Consequently, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly increased. |
| 729 | 20376213 | It was observed that the effect of chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea on alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, levels are comparable to that of those produced by the positive control. |
| 730 | 20376213 | The lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were measured in liver homogenate and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lipid profile were measured in blood serum. |
| 731 | 20376213 | Administration of single dose of streptozotozin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) caused significant increases in lipid peroxidation, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, while superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly decreased. |
| 732 | 20376213 | Consequently, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly increased. |
| 733 | 20376213 | It was observed that the effect of chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea on alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, levels are comparable to that of those produced by the positive control. |
| 734 | 20376213 | The lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were measured in liver homogenate and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lipid profile were measured in blood serum. |
| 735 | 20376213 | Administration of single dose of streptozotozin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) caused significant increases in lipid peroxidation, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, while superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly decreased. |
| 736 | 20376213 | Consequently, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly increased. |
| 737 | 20376213 | It was observed that the effect of chloroform extracts of Calotropis gigantea on alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, levels are comparable to that of those produced by the positive control. |
| 738 | 20377096 | Similarly, a trend toward higher mortality with progressively higher levels of ALT, AST and GGT is demonstrated. |
| 739 | 20377096 | Related liver chemistry results (alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, albumin), other risk factors, and age are also considered. |
| 740 | 20457824 | We assessed daily weight, food and water intake, urine volume and final day measurements of the following: plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, cholesterol and glucose; and urinary sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, glucose and protein in 24- to 30-week-old C3H/HeH, BALB/cAnNCrl and C57BL/6J mice. |
| 741 | 20561980 | Immunohistochemical localization of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 and alpha(2)-Macroglobulin in retinal and choroidal tissue of proliferative retinopathies. |
| 742 | 20561980 | The immunolocalization of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and its ligand alpha 2-Macroglobulin (alpha(2)M) was examined in tissues from human donor eyes of normal, diabetic and sickle cell disease subjects. |
| 743 | 20561980 | Streptavidin alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemistry was performed with a mouse anti-human LRP1 and rabbit anti-human alpha(2)M antibodies. |
| 744 | 20674184 | Many studies have provided evidence for a role of inflammation and inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in the vascular calcification process. |
| 745 | 20674184 | TNF-α and IL-1β have indeed been shown to stimulate in vitro the expression by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of tissue-non specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), a key enzyme in the mineralization process, and to trigger the trans-differentiation of VSMCs into osteoblast-like cells, expressing the master transcription factor RUNX2. |
| 746 | 20674184 | We propose that cytokines block bone formation by decreasing RUNX2-mediated type I collagen production in osteoblasts, whereas they induce vascular ossification by the mere stimulation of TNAP by VSMCs, independently of RUNX2. |
| 747 | 20674184 | We propose that this stimulation of TNAP in VSMCs in vitro and in vivo may be sufficient to induce the calcification of collagen fibrils, and that the absence of crystal clearance, in turn, induces the differentiation of VSMCs and/or mesenchymal stem cells into bone-forming cells, eventually leading to formation of a bone-like tissue. |
| 748 | 20818503 | Increased expression of the receptor for activation of NF-kappaB and decreased runt-related transcription factor 2 expression in bone of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. |
| 749 | 20818503 | Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with an increased risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis in humans. |
| 750 | 20818503 | Markers of bone formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the number of osteoblasts in the proximal tibia and the serum osteocalcin level, were significantly lower. |
| 751 | 20818503 | Markers of bone resorption, activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K and the number of osteoclasts in the proximal tibia and urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline, were higher in diabetic rats than control rats. mRNA levels of receptor for activation of NF-kappaB (RANK), c-fos, c-jun, TRAP and cathepsin K were significantly increased in diabetic rats, although RANK ligand, osteoprotegerin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor and c-fms levels were similar to the control value. |
| 752 | 20818503 | The decreased expression of ALP, osteoclacin and collagen mRNA in diabetic rats was associated with decreases in the expression of Runx2, Dlx5 and osterix and an unaltered expression of bone morphogenic protein-2. |
| 753 | 20818503 | The level of RANK protein increased and Runx2 protein decreased in diabetic rats. |
| 754 | 20818503 | These suggested that short-term IDDM induced upregulation of osteoclastogenesis with an increase in RANK and downregulation of osteoblastogenesis with a decrease in Runx2 in bone. |
| 755 | 21135059 | We developed a transgenic mouse line in which the surrogate markers secreted alkaline phosphatase (SeAP) and enhanced green florescent protein (EGFP) can be used to monitor neurogenin-3 expression, and thus islet cell genesis. |
| 756 | 21147283 | Metformin induces osteoblast differentiation via orphan nuclear receptor SHP-mediated transactivation of Runx2. |
| 757 | 21147283 | Metformin increased significantly the expression of the key osteogenic genes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) as well as SHP. |
| 758 | 21147283 | Transient transfection assays were performed in MC3T3E1 cells to confirm the effects of metformin on SHP, OC and Runx2 promoter activities. |
| 759 | 21147283 | Metformin increased the transcription of the SHP and OC genes, and the metformin effect was inhibited by dominant negative form of AMPK (DN-AMPK) or compound C (an inhibitor of AMPK). |
| 760 | 21147283 | The adenoviral overexpression of SHP increased significantly the level of ALP staining and OC production. |
| 761 | 21147283 | However, metformin did not have any significant effect on osteogenic gene expression, ALP staining and activity, and OC production in SHP null (SHP-/-) primary calvarial cells. |
| 762 | 21147283 | Moreover, upstream stimulatory factor-1 (USF-1) specifically mediated metformin-induced SHP gene expression. |
| 763 | 21147283 | In addition, metformin-induced AMPK activation increased the level of Runx2 mRNA and protein. |
| 764 | 21147283 | However, USF-1 and SHP were not involved in metformin-induced Runx2 expression. |
| 765 | 21147283 | Transient transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that metformin-induced SHP interacts physically and forms a complex with Runx2 on the osteocalcin gene promoter in MC3T3E1 cells. |
| 766 | 21147283 | These results suggest that metformin may stimulate osteoblast differentiation through the transactivation of Runx2 via AMPK/USF-1/SHP regulatory cascade in mouse calvaria-derived cells. |
| 767 | 21239498 | Parathyroid hormone-responsive Smad3-related factor, Tmem119, promotes osteoblast differentiation and interacts with the bone morphogenetic protein-Runx2 pathway. |
| 768 | 21239498 | We previously showed that inhibition of ERK1/2 enhanced Smad3-induced bone anabolic action in osteoblasts. |
| 769 | 21239498 | These findings suggested the hypothesis that changes in gene expression associated with the altered Smad3-induced signaling brought about by an ERK1/2 inhibitor would identify novel bone anabolic factors in osteoblasts. |
| 770 | 21239498 | Among the novel factors, Tmem119 was selected on the basis of its rapid induction by PTH independent of later increases in endogenous TGF-β. |
| 771 | 21239498 | The levels of Tmem119 increased with time in cultures of MC3T3-E1 cells and mouse mesenchymal ST-2 cells committed to the osteoblast lineage by BMP-2. |
| 772 | 21239498 | PTH stimulated Tmem119 levels within 1 h as determined by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry in MC3T3-E1 cells. |
| 773 | 21239498 | MC3T3-E1 cells stably overexpressing Tmem119 exhibited elevated levels of Runx2, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and β-catenin, whereas Tmem119 augmented BMP-2-induced Runx2 levels in mesenchymal cells. |
| 774 | 21239498 | Tmem119 interacted with Runx2, Smad1, and Smad5 in C2C12 cells. |
| 775 | 21239498 | In conclusion, we identified a Smad3-related factor, Tmem119, that is induced by PTH and promotes differentiation in mouse osteoblastic cells. |
| 776 | 21239498 | Tmem119 is an important molecule in the pathway downstream of PTH and Smad3 signaling in osteoblasts. |
| 777 | 21264795 | Menin promotes the commitment of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells to the osteoblast lineage by interacting with the BMP-2 signaling molecules Smad1/5, and Runx2. |
| 778 | 21264795 | Antisense menin transfection antagonized the BMP-2 and β-catenin-stimulated increases in Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase levels in C2C12 cells. |
| 779 | 21439372 | Oral administration of resveratrol to diabetic rats showed a significant normalization on the levels of creatinine clearance, plasma adiponectin, C-peptide and renal superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NF-κB p65 subunit and activities of renal aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in comparison with diabetic rats. |
| 780 | 21439372 | The altered activities of renal aldose reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and glyoxalase-I and elevated level of serum advanced glycation end products in diabetic rats were also reverted back to near normalcy. |
| 781 | 21439372 | Further, resveratrol treatment revealed a significant improvement in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities and vitamins C and E, and reduced glutathione levels, with a significant decline in lipid peroxides, hydroperoxides and protein carbonyls levels in diabetic kidneys. |
| 782 | 21467300 | To determine whether DOR acts as a modulator of TH action during osteoblast differentiation, we examined whether overexpression or knockdown of DOR in MC3T3-E1 cells affects the ability of TH to induce osteoblast differentiation by evaluating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. |
| 783 | 21467300 | Consistent with reduced ALP activity, mRNA levels of osteocalcin, ALP, and Runx2 were decreased significantly in DOR shRNA cells. |
| 784 | 21468429 | We developed a strategy involving comparative proteomic analysis to detect CLI associated plasma biomarkers. 2D-DIGE and subsequent MALDI-TOF MS analyses provided 50 differentially expressed plasma proteins (including alkaline phosphatase and haptoglobin), between hemodialytic diabetic patients with and without CLI. |
| 785 | 21502681 | Health insurance claims data from 3,244 patients with chronic or persistent ITP was examined to estimate the prevalence of abnormal HBL values: elevated levels of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). |
| 786 | 21512229 | We constructed in this study a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for measuring leptin by using the anti-leptin polyclonal antibody and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). |
| 787 | 21512229 | The method applies the IgG-conjugated ferrite particle to capture leptin in a sample and the ALP-conjugated Fab fragment to detect the captured leptin. |
| 788 | 21512229 | We tested Block ace, CE510, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for their abilities to block non-specific binding of ALP-conjugated anti-leptin Fab to the ferrite particle and found BSA to be the most effective. |
| 789 | 21534331 | Alkaline phosphatase was 24-fold upper limit of normal (ULN), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 21-fold ULN, aspartate aminotransferase 3-fold ULN, alanine aminotransferase 2-fold ULN, cholesterol 408 mg/dL, bilirubin normal, gamma-globulin 3.92 g/dL, IgG4 4.6 g/L, antinuclear antibody positive (1/320), and antimitochondrial antibodies negative. |
| 790 | 21555997 | Cell-specific effects of TNF-α and IL-1β on alkaline phosphatase: implication for syndesmophyte formation and vascular calcification. |
| 791 | 21555997 | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β stimulate tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity and mineralization in cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). |
| 792 | 21555997 | In this context, our aims were to compare the effects of TNF-α and IL-1β on TNAP activity and mineralization in entheseal cells and VSMCs. |
| 793 | 21555997 | In conclusion, whereas TNF-α and IL-1β stimulate TNAP activity in VSMCs, they inhibit it in entheseal cells in situ and on chondrocytes in vitro. |
| 794 | 21555997 | Cell-specific effects of TNF-α and IL-1β on alkaline phosphatase: implication for syndesmophyte formation and vascular calcification. |
| 795 | 21555997 | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β stimulate tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity and mineralization in cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). |
| 796 | 21555997 | In this context, our aims were to compare the effects of TNF-α and IL-1β on TNAP activity and mineralization in entheseal cells and VSMCs. |
| 797 | 21555997 | In conclusion, whereas TNF-α and IL-1β stimulate TNAP activity in VSMCs, they inhibit it in entheseal cells in situ and on chondrocytes in vitro. |
| 798 | 21567076 | Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus decreases osteoblastogenesis associated with the inhibition of Wnt signaling through increased expression of Sost and Dkk1 and inhibition of Akt activation. |
| 799 | 21567076 | Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is known to be associated with an increased risk of osteopenia. |
| 800 | 21567076 | After 4 weeks, the diabetic rats exhibited bone loss, low levels of osteocalcin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with normal levels of bone tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K activity, and urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (Dpd). |
| 801 | 21567076 | The decreased expression of ALP, osteoclacin and collagen mRNA was associated with a decrease in the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Osterix and distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) and an unaltered expression of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2). |
| 802 | 21567076 | The protein levels of Runx2, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), active β-catenin and β-catenin decreased. |
| 803 | 21567076 | The mRNA and protein levels of sclerosteosis (Sost) and Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1), inhibitors of Wnt signaling, increased. |
| 804 | 21567076 | The mRNA expression of IGF-I and the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) was suppressed. |
| 805 | 21567076 | These changes observed in the bone of diabetic rats were reversed by treatment with insulin, but not by normalization of the circulating IGF-I levels by treatment with IGF-I. |
| 806 | 21567076 | These results suggest that insulin-deficiency in IDDM decreases osteoblastogenesis associated with inhibition of Wnt signaling through the increased expression of Sost and Dkk1 and the inhibition of Akt activation. |
| 807 | 21590734 | Both activation and overexpression of A(2B) R induced the expression of osteoblast-related genes [Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], as well as ALP activity, and stimulation increased osteoblast mineralization. |
| 808 | 21707532 | In a phase II clinical trial in patients with PBC, 6E-CDCA met the primary endpoint of a reduction in alkaline phosphatase levels but safety data indicated that the drug exacerbated pruritus, one of the main symptoms of PBC, suggesting that 6E-CDCA or FXR are mediators of pruritus in humans. |
| 809 | 21735456 | Effects of aspartate transaminase, aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, glucose and HbA1c levels and in vitro glucose (492, 287, 184, 131, 82 mg dl⁻¹, respectively) on enzymes were determined. |
| 810 | 21735456 | In patients with high HbA1c levels (>10.1%), ALP, GGT activities and creatine kinase (CK)-MB/CK (p = 0.008, 0.026, 0.014) ratio were increased significantly when compared with those in the control group. |
| 811 | 21735456 | Glucose, which was added to serum in different concentrations in vitro, did not directly affect enzyme activities such as ALP, GGT and CK. |
| 812 | 21766769 | Initial evaluation for systemic disease includes complete blood count and measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone, fasting glucose, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. |
| 813 | 21820091 | Bone turnover was reduced with a suppression of both osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in the first 12 months of treatment. |
| 814 | 21823052 | The purpose of this study was to explore whether mechanical loading by exercise over a 1-year period in postmenopausal women had an effect on the receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) system or the levels of the Wnt-signaling antagonist sclerostin. |
| 815 | 21823052 | Blood samples were taken from participants at baseline and after 1 year and serum levels of OPG, RANKL and sclerostin were quantified together with the bone metabolism markers C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CTX) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP). |
| 816 | 21823052 | Although our study is limited in number of participating women, we have been able to show an OPG-associated, and RANKL- and sclerostin-independent, training-induced inhibition of postmenopausal bone loss. |
| 817 | 21885239 | Biological bone markers such as serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are necessary to classify bone diseases without the need for bone biopsy. |
| 818 | 21885239 | Managing these therapies adequately can help maintain the main biological values (i.e. serum PTH, calcium, phosphorus, and ALP) within their recommended ranges. |
| 819 | 21971710 | There was an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and trend to higher serum beta carboxyl-terminal type I collagen telopeptide concentrations in the type 1 patients, and a decrease in free testosterone in the type 1 men. |
| 820 | 22089767 | In this study population, there was no significant difference in the H. pylori IgG antibody titers, serum iPTH, Mg, calcium, alkaline phosphatase and albumin levels as well as body mass index (BMI) between males and females or diabetics and non-diabetics. |
| 821 | 22089767 | There was no significant relationship between serum H. pylori IgG antibody titers and the age of the patients, BMI, serum Alb, phosphorus, Ca, serum leptin and serum ALP. |
| 822 | 22089771 | Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were measured. |
| 823 | 22089771 | However, in multivariate regression analysis and with regard to the patients' characteristics and medical history in a multivariate model, no relationships were found between ocular findings and serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP, and PTH concentrations. |
| 824 | 22089771 | No relationships were found between the serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, ALP, and PTH and ocular findings in patients with end stage renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. |
| 825 | 22238287 | Moreover, plasma phosphorus concentration, calcium × phosphorus product and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and aortic calcium content and ALP activity were significantly increased. |
| 826 | 22238287 | Fructose feeding increased mRNA levels of osteopontin, type III sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and the key transcription factor core binding factor alpha 1 in aortic tissue and downregulated mRNA levels of osteoprotegerin and matrix γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein. |
| 827 | 22245424 | A reduction of endogenous FAM5C by siRNA reduced the levels of osterix, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA as well as the levels of type 1 collagen and β-catenin in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and mouse calvarial osteoblasts, although FAM5C overexpression significantly antagonized the levels of osterix, ALP and OCN mRNA induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 in C2C12 cells. |
| 828 | 22245424 | The conditioned medium from FAM5C-overexpressed and -suppressed C2C12 cells increased and decreased the levels of osterix, ALP and OCN mRNA in MC3T3-E1 cells, respectively. |
| 829 | 22327928 | Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, creatinine, glucose, and serum lipid levels. |
| 830 | 22351757 | Stable overexpression of OGN significantly decreased the levels of Runx2 and Osterix mRNA compared with those in cells transfected with vector alone in MC3T3-E1 cells. |
| 831 | 22351757 | On the other hand, it significantly enhanced the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col1), and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA as well as β-catenin and mineralization. |
| 832 | 22351757 | Transient OGN overexpression significantly suppressed the levels of Runx2, Osterix, ALP, Col1, and OCN mRNA induced by BMP-2 in C2C12 cells. |
| 833 | 22351757 | The conditioned medium from OGN-overexpressed and OGN-suppressed myoblastic cells enhanced and decreased, respectively, the levels of ALP, Col1, and β-catenin in MC3T3-E1 cells. |
| 834 | 22351757 | Moreover, OGN increased Smad3/4-responsive transcriptional activity as well as Col1 mRNA levels independently of endogenous TGF-β in these cells. |
| 835 | 22461258 | Hypophosphatasia was diagnosed in the interim due to low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (ALP 20 IU/L; normal (N), 40-150 IU/L) and high pyridoxal 5' phosphate (3400 nmol/L; N 18-175 nmol/L). |
| 836 | 22467999 | Changes in activities of enzymes such as serum aspartate transaminase (AST), serum alanine transaminase (ALT), and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) seen in the control and experimental rats, revealed the tissue-protective nature of Persea americana fruits, while all of the analysed biochemical parameters were comparable to those obtained with gliclazide as a standard reference drug. |
| 837 | 22473318 | The biological properties of these cells were characterized using the following methods: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) chemical staining for cell viability, Alizarin red staining for osteogenic characteristics, MTT test for cell proliferation, enzyme dynamics for ALP contents, radio-immunoassay for bone gla protein (BGP) concentration, and ELISA for the concentration of type I collagen (COL-I) in the supernatant. |
| 838 | 22473318 | The concentration of ALP, BGP and COL-I was lower in the supernatant of alveolar bone osteoblasts received from type 2 diabetic patients than in that received from normal subjects (P < 0.05). |
| 839 | 22518296 | HO-1 participates in the MSC differentiation process shifting the balance of MSC differentiation in favor of the osteoblast lineage by decreasing PPARγ and increasing osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase and BMP-2. |
| 840 | 22557182 | T. arjuna was administered orally at a doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 30 days, after which serum liver and kidney tissues were assayed for the degree of pathological changes by means of markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) resulted in a significant reduction in serum and tissue of liver and kidney marker enzymes when compared with control rats T. arjuna at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight exhibited higher efficacy. |
| 841 | 22557255 | Pterocarpus marsupium is one of the plants used in treatment of diabetes mellitus and the present study was aimed to assess hepatoprotective effect of the plant against CCl(4) induced hepatotoxicity. |
| 842 | 22557255 | Group I was normal control group; Group II, the hepatotoxic group was given CCl(4) (2ml/kg body weight intraperitoneally); Groups III received CC1(4) + Plant extract (100 mg/kg b.w orally); Group IV received only the plant extract. |
| 843 | 22557255 | Levels of marker enzymes such as alanine transminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and bilirubin were increased significantly in Group II. |
| 844 | 22557255 | The present investigation suggest that the plant had a good protective effect on CCl(4) induced hepatic injury. |
| 845 | 22570955 | Fasting blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, as well as blood glucose and insulin concentrations at 120 min of oral glucose tolerance test were measured. |
| 846 | 22579779 | The constitutively activating mutation (R206H) of the BMP type 1 receptor, activin A type 1 receptor/activin-like kinase 2 (ACVR1/ALK2), underlies the molecular pathogenesis of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) in which heterotopic ossification occurs in muscle tissue. |
| 847 | 22579779 | Transcriptional activity of the BMP-2 signaling molecules, Smad1/5, was increased even in the absence of exogenous BMP-2. |
| 848 | 22579779 | Endogenous BMP-2 levels positively correlated with Tmem119 levels. |
| 849 | 22579779 | A BMP-2/4 neutralizing antibody and dorsomorphin, an ALK2 inhibitor, antagonized Tmem119-enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. |
| 850 | 22579779 | Tmem119 siRNA antagonized the BMP-2-induced ALP and osteocalcin, but not Runx2 and Osterix, mRNAs, in C2C12 cells. |
| 851 | 22579779 | In conclusion, Tmem119 levels were increased by the FOP-associated constitutively activating ALK2 mutation in myoblasts. |
| 852 | 22579779 | The data show that Tmem119 promotes the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts and the interaction with the BMP signaling pathway likely occurs downstream of Runx2 and Osterix in myoblasts. |
| 853 | 22736554 | A 55-year-old Asian man was referred to a gastroenterology clinic by his general practitioner following an incidental finding of raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on routine blood testing. |
| 854 | 22736554 | His gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) was normal at 33 (NR 11-50) making bone the most likely source of his raised ALP. |
| 855 | 22752126 | In a population-based study, cardiovascular risk factors, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, osteocalcin, CrossLaps, alkaline phosphatase, and bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and the proximal femur were measured in 382 Iranian postmenopausal women. |
| 856 | 22752126 | Since CrossLaps and alkaline phosphatase levels were independently associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the unique contribution of osteocalcin in glucose metabolism could not be concluded. |
| 857 | 22752126 | In a population-based study, cardiovascular risk factors, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, osteocalcin, CrossLaps, alkaline phosphatase, and bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and the proximal femur were measured in 382 Iranian postmenopausal women. |
| 858 | 22752126 | Since CrossLaps and alkaline phosphatase levels were independently associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the unique contribution of osteocalcin in glucose metabolism could not be concluded. |
| 859 | 22820716 | Warfarin inhibits the synthesis and function of matrix Gla protein, a vitamin K-dependent protein, which is a potent inhibitor of tissue calcification. |
| 860 | 22820716 | Using the variables age, gender, race, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, glomerular filtration rate, calcium-phosphorus product, alkaline phosphatase, use of aspirin, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and statins, stepwise logistic regression analysis did not show any association of coronary calcification with use of warfarin. |
| 861 | 22878908 | Cell growth, oleic acid uptake, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin production were measured. |
| 862 | 22878908 | TZDs also inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity (58-75%, p<0.046) and osteocalcin production (52-75%, p<0.031). |
| 863 | 22878908 | TZD effects on osteoblast viability, oleic acid uptake, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin production are independent of their effects on aromatase. |
| 864 | 22878908 | Cell growth, oleic acid uptake, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin production were measured. |
| 865 | 22878908 | TZDs also inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity (58-75%, p<0.046) and osteocalcin production (52-75%, p<0.031). |
| 866 | 22878908 | TZD effects on osteoblast viability, oleic acid uptake, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin production are independent of their effects on aromatase. |
| 867 | 22878908 | Cell growth, oleic acid uptake, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin production were measured. |
| 868 | 22878908 | TZDs also inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity (58-75%, p<0.046) and osteocalcin production (52-75%, p<0.031). |
| 869 | 22878908 | TZD effects on osteoblast viability, oleic acid uptake, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin production are independent of their effects on aromatase. |
| 870 | 22903508 | AGE2 or AGE3 alone (200 μg/mL) significantly inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities as well as the mineralization of the cells (p < 0.01). |
| 871 | 22903508 | Real-time PCR showed that AGE2 or AGE3 alone (200 μg/mL) significantly decreased mRNA expressions of osteocalcin as well as osterix on day 14 (p < 0.01). |
| 872 | 22903508 | Western blot analysis showed that AGE2 or AGE3 alone (200 μg/mL) also decreased the levels of Runx2 and osterix protein expressions on days 7 and 14. |
| 873 | 22912827 | Tcal/Tcal mice had normal plasma calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations; decreased alkaline phosphatase activity and intact Fgf23 concentrations; and elevation of circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. |
| 874 | 22912827 | Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that Tcal/Tcal mice had increased expression of Galnt3 and Fgf23 in bone, but that renal expression of Klotho, 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1), and the sodium-phosphate co-transporters type-IIa and -IIc was similar to that in wild-type mice. |
| 875 | 22926010 | Although, in the presence of insulin and glucose, proliferation of osteoblasts was increased (1.2- to 1.7-fold), their alkaline phosphatase activity and, consequently, production of mineralized matrix were significantly reduced down to 55 % as compared to control cells (p < 0.001). |
| 876 | 22926010 | Stimulation with both glucose and insulin induced gene expression changes (e.g., osteocalcin, Runx2, Satb2, or Stat1) comparable to treatment with recombinant TGF-β(1), further indicating osteoblasts' dysfunction. |
| 877 | 23052229 | Results showed that SM22α-Rankl ( tg ) SMCs had higher baseline alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity but not baseline matrix calcification. |
| 878 | 23052229 | Real-time RT-qPCR revealed higher baseline expression of ALP and ankylosis genes but lower osteoprotegerin gene in SM22α-Rankl ( tg ) SMCs. |
| 879 | 23090065 | To assess the bioactivity of released insulin and determine whether slow release might improve impaired diabetic bone formation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized nodule formation, and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) assays were performed. |
| 880 | 23105906 | Various parameters such as blood glucose levels, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, hemoglobin, urine protein and urine sugar in addition to body weight were taken in to consideration and were analyzed after administration of variable doses of rhizome powder. |
| 881 | 23117745 | These cells have the potential to form mineralized nodules and express osteoblast markers, including bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and alkaline phosphatase. |
| 882 | 23128413 | In addition, treatment with glabridin resulted in a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen contents and osteoblast differentiation genes [ALP, collagen, osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteocalcin (OC)] and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) genes (BMP2, BMP4 and BMP7). |
| 883 | 23128413 | Glabridin also upregulated the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which were inhibited by dRib. |
| 884 | 23160690 | Relationship between bone formation markers bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen and bone mineral density in elderly men. |
| 885 | 23160690 | The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between BMD and serum BTMs bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin and amino-terminal propeptide of type I collegen (PINP) in elderly (>65 years) men. |
| 886 | 23160690 | All the patients underwent lumbar-spine (L2-L4) dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry and BMD, BAP, osteocalcin and PINP measurements. |
| 887 | 23160690 | No correlation was found between BMD and BAP (R=-0.28, p=0.25), osteocalcin (R=-0.18, p=0.48) and PINP (R=-0.21, p=0.39), nor between BMI and both age (R=0.05, p=0.83) and BMD (R=0.10, p=0.67). |
| 888 | 23160690 | Relationship between bone formation markers bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen and bone mineral density in elderly men. |
| 889 | 23160690 | The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between BMD and serum BTMs bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin and amino-terminal propeptide of type I collegen (PINP) in elderly (>65 years) men. |
| 890 | 23160690 | All the patients underwent lumbar-spine (L2-L4) dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry and BMD, BAP, osteocalcin and PINP measurements. |
| 891 | 23160690 | No correlation was found between BMD and BAP (R=-0.28, p=0.25), osteocalcin (R=-0.18, p=0.48) and PINP (R=-0.21, p=0.39), nor between BMI and both age (R=0.05, p=0.83) and BMD (R=0.10, p=0.67). |
| 892 | 23299772 | In addition, LCH was featured as elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which was normal in ECD. |
| 893 | 23354544 | A zinc-deficient diet led also to an increase in serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, and liver glutathione-S-transferase and to a decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase activity and glutathione peroxidase. |
| 894 | 23416071 | Interactions between FGF21 and BMP-2 in osteogenesis. |
| 895 | 23416071 | There are many documented interactions between the FGF and BMP family proteins, although the interaction between FGF21 and BMP-2 remains unknown. |
| 896 | 23416071 | We found that FGF21 enhanced BMP-2-dependent transcription and osteogenesis in the C2C12 cell line, which was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization, and gene expression. |
| 897 | 23416071 | Furthermore, we identified a negative feedback loop in which BMP-2 decreased endogenous FGF21 mRNA expression. |
| 898 | 23416071 | In summary, this study demonstrates interactions between BMP-2 and FGF21 pathways exist in vitro, and that FGF21 enhances the osteogenic activity of BMP-2 by up-regulating the BMP-2-dependent Smad signaling pathway. |
| 899 | 23485614 | Both interventions restored the liver function markers (alanine transaminase: ALT, aspartate transaminase: AST, alkaline phosphatase: ALP, total bilirubin and total protein) and hepatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase: SOD, catalase: CAT, reduced glutathione: GSH and glutathione peroxidase: GPx) to the normal levels than elevated levels noticed on paracetamol control at P<0.001. |
| 900 | 23575901 | The odontogenic, osteogenic differentiation and biomineralization of human tooth germ stem cells (hTGSCs) were evaluated by analyzing the mRNA expression levels, odontogenic and osteogenic protein expressions, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and calcium deposits. |
| 901 | 23580160 | In all rats, serum vitamin E, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low (LDL) and high (HDL) density lipoproteins, alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) transaminases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) as well as cardiac and hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)) were measured. |
| 902 | 23580160 | HFD significantly increased QTc interval, heart rate (HR), serum TC, TG, LDL, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, liver TG, and cardiac and hepatic TBARS but decreased antioxidants and HDL, while SIM decreased HR, liver TG, serum TC, TG, and LDL and increased HDL in HFD rats. |
| 903 | 23580160 | Moreover, SIM and vitamin E decreased QTc interval, serum ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and cardiac and hepatic TBARS and increased antioxidants in HFD rats. |
| 904 | 23607045 | Serum samples were analyzed for calcium, phosphorus, albumin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, 25 (OH) vitamin D3, intact parathormone (PTH) levels (both cases and controls) and HbA1c, antimicrosomal and IgA tissue transglutaminase (IgA TTG) antibodies, cortisol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), tetraiodothyronine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) (cases only). |
| 905 | 23607045 | Linear regression analysis showed that low BMD in T1DM patients was associated with poor glycaemic control, lower IGF-1 levels, less physical activity (in total population as well as in male and female subgroups), and lower body fat percentage (in females) and higher alkaline phosphatase level (in males) (P < 0.05). |
| 906 | 23607045 | Serum samples were analyzed for calcium, phosphorus, albumin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, 25 (OH) vitamin D3, intact parathormone (PTH) levels (both cases and controls) and HbA1c, antimicrosomal and IgA tissue transglutaminase (IgA TTG) antibodies, cortisol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), tetraiodothyronine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) (cases only). |
| 907 | 23607045 | Linear regression analysis showed that low BMD in T1DM patients was associated with poor glycaemic control, lower IGF-1 levels, less physical activity (in total population as well as in male and female subgroups), and lower body fat percentage (in females) and higher alkaline phosphatase level (in males) (P < 0.05). |
| 908 | 23652227 | Activities of hepatic and renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), serum alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase were not significantly (p>0.05) affected in MET and GB-treated rats, whereas testicular SOD, CAT, glutathione, serum aspartate aminotransferase and conjugated bilirubin were markedly affected by MET treatment. |
| 909 | 23652775 | In addition, treatment with CZE resulted in a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen content, as well as in the expression of genes associated with osteoblast differentiation [ALP, collagen, osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OC) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2, BMP4 and BMP7]. |
| 910 | 23652775 | In mechanistic studies of the antioxidative potential of CZE, we found that CZE reversed the dRib-induced decrease in the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT)1 and AKT2 genes, which are master regulators of survival-related signaling pathways. |
| 911 | 23652775 | CZE also upregulated the gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD)2, SOD3 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), which was inhibited by dRib. |
| 912 | 23672077 | Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, adiponectin, leptin, and CK-18 were measured in 27 patients (8 patients with simple fatty liver, 6 fatty liver with fibrosis patients, 13 patients with NASH) and 23 healthy controls. |
| 913 | 23672077 | Regarding gender difference in the control group, although both adiponectin and leptin significantly increased in the female compared with the male (p < 0.002 and p < 0.01, respectively), there were no significant gender differences in CK-18. |
| 914 | 23672077 | Serum levels of adiponectin was significantly lower in patients with NASH compared with the control group(p < 0.001), and both leptin and CK-18 were markedly higher in patients with NASH compared with control group (p < 0.001). |
| 915 | 23705196 | The subjects were also tested for fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol (CL), triglycerides (TG), creatinine, oral glucose tolerance test (GTT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). |
| 916 | 23705196 | The exposed farmers showed higher FBG (p<0.001), BUN (p=0.007), CL (p<0.001), oral GTT (p<0.001), and lower AST (p<0.001), ALP (p<0.001), and creatinine (p=0.004) than controls. |
| 917 | 23715621 | PAI-1 deficiency blunted the changes in the levels of Runx2, osterix, and alkaline phosphatase in tibia as well as serum osteocalcin levels suppressed by the diabetic state in female mice only. |
| 918 | 23735664 | The Zn supplement prevented a decrease in the activity and mRNA of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin mRNA, and hydroxyproline and calcium levels, and an increase in the activity and mRNA of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K in the proximal tibia of diabetic rats. |
| 919 | 23735664 | The increase in mRNA levels of receptor for activation of NF-κB (RANK), c-fos, c-jun, TRAP, and cathepsin K and decrease in the expression of Runx2, Dlx5, osterix, ALP, osteocalcin, and collagen were prevented by the supplement. |
| 920 | 23735664 | The decrease in β-catenin, phosphorylated GSK3β, phosphorylated Akt, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) protein levels in diabetic rats was also inhibited, although Zn did not affect the diabetes-increased gene and protein expression of Sost and Dkk1. |
| 921 | 23735664 | These results suggested that Zn prevented the diabetes-induced increase in osteoclastogenesis and decrease in osteoblastogenesis by inhibiting RANK expression and stimulating IGF-1/IGF-1R/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling, respectively. |
| 922 | 23754846 | It has been previously shown that elastin degradation products work synergistically with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) to induce osteogenesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. |
| 923 | 23754846 | Thus, the goal of this study was to analyse the effects of high concentration of glucose, elastin peptides and TGF-β1 on bone-specific markers like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). |
| 924 | 23754846 | We demonstrated using relative gene expression and specific protein assays that elastin degradation products in the presence of high glucose cause the increase in expression of the specific elastin-laminin receptor-1 (ELR-1) and activin receptor-like kinase-5 (ALK-5) present on the surface of the vascular cells, in turn leading to overexpression of typical osteogenic markers like ALP, OCN and RUNX2. |
| 925 | 23754846 | In conclusion, our results indicate that glucose plays an important role in amplifying the osteogenesis induced by elastin peptides and TGF-β1, possibly by activating the ELR-1 and ALK-5 signalling pathways. |
| 926 | 23757055 | Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by oxidative stress mediates high glucose-induced increase of adipogenic differentiation in primary rat osteoblasts. |
| 927 | 23757055 | Most importantly, we reported for the first time that ROS induced by high glucose increased alkaline phosphatase activity, inhibited type I collagen (collagen I) protein level and cell mineralization, as well as gene expression of osteogenic markers including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), collagen I, and osteocalcin, but promoted lipid droplet formation and gene expression of adipogenic markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), and adipsin, which were restored by pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger. |
| 928 | 23757055 | Moreover, high glucose-induced oxidative stress activated PI3K/Akt pathway to inhibited osteogenic differentiation but stimulated adipogenic differentiation. |
| 929 | 23757055 | In contrast, NAC and a PI3K inhibitor, LY-294002, reversed the down-regulation of osteogenic markers and the up-regulation of adipogenic markers as well as the activation of Akt under high glucose. |
| 930 | 23757055 | This process was mediated by PI3K/Akt pathway in rat primary osteoblasts. |
| 931 | 23801371 | Prediagnostic plasma testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, IGF-I and hepatocellular carcinoma: etiological factors or risk markers? |
| 932 | 23801371 | Elevated prediagnostic testosterone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations have been proposed to increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). |
| 933 | 23801371 | Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and IGF-I were analyzed by immunoassays. |
| 934 | 23801371 | After adjustments for epidemiological variables (body mass index, smoking, ethanol intake, hepatitis and diabetes) and liver damage (a score based on albumin, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations), only SHBG remained significantly associated with risk [OR for top versus bottom tertile of 3.86 (1.32-11.3), p(trend) = 0.009]. |
| 935 | 23801371 | The observed associations of HCC with prediagnostic SHBG, free testosterone and IGF-I concentrations are in directions opposite to that expected under the etiological hypotheses. |
| 936 | 23806420 | The dose 80 mg/kg b.w, significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and increased plasma insulin level. |
| 937 | 23806420 | The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and hepatic enzymes (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) in the liver tissues of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of fraxetin. |
| 938 | 23823277 | Albumin, uric acid, urea, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate-aminotransferase and alkaline-phosphatase were determined in serum. |
| 939 | 23826312 | Elevated serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were restored to normal or greatly reduced in treated rats, indicating normalization of liver function. |
| 940 | 23860646 | For instance, deficiency in tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in mice (Alpl (-/-) mice) and humans leads to hypophosphatasia (HPP), an inborn error of metabolism characterized by epileptic seizures in the most severe cases, caused by abnormal metabolism of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (the predominant form of vitamin B6) and by hypomineralization of the skeleton and teeth featuring rickets and early loss of teeth in children or osteomalacia and dental problems in adults caused by accumulation of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). |
| 941 | 23860646 | These changes are accompanied by upregulation in the jejunal-ileal expression of the Akp6 IAP isozyme (global IAP, or gIAP) and concomitant upregulation of FAT/CD36, a phosphorylated fatty acid translocase thought to play a role in facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids into cells. gIAP, but not dIAP, is able to modulate the phosphorylation status of FAT/CD36. dIAP, even though it is expressed in the duodenum, is shed into the gut lumen and is active in LPS dephosphorylation throughout the gut lumen and in the feces. |
| 942 | 23860646 | Analogous to the role of IAP in the gut, TNAP expression in the liver may have a proactive role from bacterial endotoxin insult. |
| 943 | 23860646 | This review recounts the established roles of TNAP and IAP and briefly discusses new areas of investigation related to multisystemic functions of these isozymes. |
| 944 | 23860646 | For instance, deficiency in tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in mice (Alpl (-/-) mice) and humans leads to hypophosphatasia (HPP), an inborn error of metabolism characterized by epileptic seizures in the most severe cases, caused by abnormal metabolism of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (the predominant form of vitamin B6) and by hypomineralization of the skeleton and teeth featuring rickets and early loss of teeth in children or osteomalacia and dental problems in adults caused by accumulation of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). |
| 945 | 23860646 | These changes are accompanied by upregulation in the jejunal-ileal expression of the Akp6 IAP isozyme (global IAP, or gIAP) and concomitant upregulation of FAT/CD36, a phosphorylated fatty acid translocase thought to play a role in facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids into cells. gIAP, but not dIAP, is able to modulate the phosphorylation status of FAT/CD36. dIAP, even though it is expressed in the duodenum, is shed into the gut lumen and is active in LPS dephosphorylation throughout the gut lumen and in the feces. |
| 946 | 23860646 | Analogous to the role of IAP in the gut, TNAP expression in the liver may have a proactive role from bacterial endotoxin insult. |
| 947 | 23860646 | This review recounts the established roles of TNAP and IAP and briefly discusses new areas of investigation related to multisystemic functions of these isozymes. |
| 948 | 23860646 | For instance, deficiency in tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in mice (Alpl (-/-) mice) and humans leads to hypophosphatasia (HPP), an inborn error of metabolism characterized by epileptic seizures in the most severe cases, caused by abnormal metabolism of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (the predominant form of vitamin B6) and by hypomineralization of the skeleton and teeth featuring rickets and early loss of teeth in children or osteomalacia and dental problems in adults caused by accumulation of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). |
| 949 | 23860646 | These changes are accompanied by upregulation in the jejunal-ileal expression of the Akp6 IAP isozyme (global IAP, or gIAP) and concomitant upregulation of FAT/CD36, a phosphorylated fatty acid translocase thought to play a role in facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids into cells. gIAP, but not dIAP, is able to modulate the phosphorylation status of FAT/CD36. dIAP, even though it is expressed in the duodenum, is shed into the gut lumen and is active in LPS dephosphorylation throughout the gut lumen and in the feces. |
| 950 | 23860646 | Analogous to the role of IAP in the gut, TNAP expression in the liver may have a proactive role from bacterial endotoxin insult. |
| 951 | 23860646 | This review recounts the established roles of TNAP and IAP and briefly discusses new areas of investigation related to multisystemic functions of these isozymes. |
| 952 | 23860646 | For instance, deficiency in tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in mice (Alpl (-/-) mice) and humans leads to hypophosphatasia (HPP), an inborn error of metabolism characterized by epileptic seizures in the most severe cases, caused by abnormal metabolism of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (the predominant form of vitamin B6) and by hypomineralization of the skeleton and teeth featuring rickets and early loss of teeth in children or osteomalacia and dental problems in adults caused by accumulation of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). |
| 953 | 23860646 | These changes are accompanied by upregulation in the jejunal-ileal expression of the Akp6 IAP isozyme (global IAP, or gIAP) and concomitant upregulation of FAT/CD36, a phosphorylated fatty acid translocase thought to play a role in facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids into cells. gIAP, but not dIAP, is able to modulate the phosphorylation status of FAT/CD36. dIAP, even though it is expressed in the duodenum, is shed into the gut lumen and is active in LPS dephosphorylation throughout the gut lumen and in the feces. |
| 954 | 23860646 | Analogous to the role of IAP in the gut, TNAP expression in the liver may have a proactive role from bacterial endotoxin insult. |
| 955 | 23860646 | This review recounts the established roles of TNAP and IAP and briefly discusses new areas of investigation related to multisystemic functions of these isozymes. |
| 956 | 23886079 | Furthermore, eugenol similar to acarbose reduced serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipase and ACE levels. |
| 957 | 23886079 | Overall, EG significantly reverted back to near normal the values of the biochemical biomarkers such as transaminases (AST&ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities, total-bilirubin, creatinine, urea and uric acid rates. |
| 958 | 23933252 | An ER stress inducer, thapsigargin (TG), induced osteoblastic differentiation of ST2 cells by increasing the levels of Osterix, type 1 collagen (Col1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA. |
| 959 | 23933252 | AGE2 or AGE3 suppressed the levels of ER stress sensors such as IRE1α, ATF6 and OASIS, while they increased the levels of PERK and its downstream molecules, ATF4. |