Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: BBS2

Gene name: Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2

HGNC ID: 967

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ARL6	1 hits
2	BBS1	1 hits
3	BBS10	1 hits
4	BBS12	1 hits
5	BBS4	1 hits
6	BBS5	1 hits
7	BBS7	1 hits
8	CALCA	1 hits
9	CCK	1 hits
10	CCT	1 hits
11	GRP	1 hits
12	HSPD1	1 hits
13	INS	1 hits
14	LEP	1 hits
15	LEPR	1 hits
16	MARVELD2	1 hits
17	MCHR1	1 hits
18	MKKS	1 hits
19	MKS1	1 hits
20	PCM1	1 hits
21	POLD4	1 hits
22	POMC	1 hits
23	SHH	1 hits
24	SSTR3	1 hits
25	STAT3	1 hits
26	TTC8	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	9213356	Different influence of CGRP (8-37), an amylin and CGRP antagonist, on the anorectic effects of cholecystokinin and bombesin in diabetic and normal rats.
2	9213356	Because previous studies had suggested that the anorectic effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) and bombesin (BBS) depend partly on the release of amylin or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), we investigated the influence of the amylin and CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP (8-37) on the anorectic effects of CCK and BBS in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic and nondiabetic rats.
3	9213356	It is concluded that part of the anorectic effects of CCK and BBS depend on the release of amylin from pancreatic B-cells.
4	9213356	Different influence of CGRP (8-37), an amylin and CGRP antagonist, on the anorectic effects of cholecystokinin and bombesin in diabetic and normal rats.
5	9213356	Because previous studies had suggested that the anorectic effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) and bombesin (BBS) depend partly on the release of amylin or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), we investigated the influence of the amylin and CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP (8-37) on the anorectic effects of CCK and BBS in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic and nondiabetic rats.
6	9213356	It is concluded that part of the anorectic effects of CCK and BBS depend on the release of amylin from pancreatic B-cells.
7	10063326	BBS is a rare but important syndrome, that should be known by the endocrinologist and the specialist in internal medicine, because it has an adverse prognosis, with early onset of blindness, insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus and severe renal impairment.
8	10973238	We found MKKS mutations in four typical BBS probands (Table 1).
9	10973251	Given both the mapping position and clinical similarities of these two syndromes, we screened MKKS and identified mutations in five Newfoundland and two European-American BBS pedigrees.
10	10973251	Our data suggest that a complete loss of function of the MKKS product, and thus an inability to fold a range of target proteins, is responsible for the clinical manifestations of BBS.
11	10973251	Given both the mapping position and clinical similarities of these two syndromes, we screened MKKS and identified mutations in five Newfoundland and two European-American BBS pedigrees.
12	10973251	Our data suggest that a complete loss of function of the MKKS product, and thus an inability to fold a range of target proteins, is responsible for the clinical manifestations of BBS.
13	11381270	Six distinct BBS loci map to 11q13 (BBS1), 16q21 (BBS2), 3p13-p12 (BBS3), 15q22.3-q23 (BBS4), 2q31 (BBS5), and 20p12 (BBS6).
14	11381270	MKKS has sequence homology to the alpha subunit of a prokaryotic chaperonin in the thermosome Thermoplasma acidophilum.
15	11381270	Here we report the positional cloning and identification of mutations in BBS patients in a novel gene designated BBS4.
16	11381270	Six distinct BBS loci map to 11q13 (BBS1), 16q21 (BBS2), 3p13-p12 (BBS3), 15q22.3-q23 (BBS4), 2q31 (BBS5), and 20p12 (BBS6).
17	11381270	MKKS has sequence homology to the alpha subunit of a prokaryotic chaperonin in the thermosome Thermoplasma acidophilum.
18	11381270	Here we report the positional cloning and identification of mutations in BBS patients in a novel gene designated BBS4.
19	12118255	What was once thought to be a homogeneous autosomal recessive disorder is now known to map to at least six loci: 11q13 (BBS1), 16q21 (BBS2), 3p13 p12 (BBS3), 15q22.3 q23 (BBS4), 2q31 (BBS5) and 20p12 (BBS6).
20	12118255	Cases of BBS mapping ro BBS6 are caused by mutations in MKKS; mutations in this gene also cause McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (hydrometrocolpos, post-axial polydactyly and congenital heart defects).
21	12118255	In addition, we recently used positional cloning to identify the genes underlying BBS2 (ref. 16) and BBS4 (ref. 17).
22	12118255	The BBS6 protein has similarity to a Thermoplasma acidophilum chaperonin, whereas BBS2 and BBS4 have no significant similarity to chaperonins.
23	12118255	Here we report the identification of the gene BBS1 and show that a missense mutation of this gene is a frequent cause of BBS.
24	12118255	What was once thought to be a homogeneous autosomal recessive disorder is now known to map to at least six loci: 11q13 (BBS1), 16q21 (BBS2), 3p13 p12 (BBS3), 15q22.3 q23 (BBS4), 2q31 (BBS5) and 20p12 (BBS6).
25	12118255	Cases of BBS mapping ro BBS6 are caused by mutations in MKKS; mutations in this gene also cause McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (hydrometrocolpos, post-axial polydactyly and congenital heart defects).
26	12118255	In addition, we recently used positional cloning to identify the genes underlying BBS2 (ref. 16) and BBS4 (ref. 17).
27	12118255	The BBS6 protein has similarity to a Thermoplasma acidophilum chaperonin, whereas BBS2 and BBS4 have no significant similarity to chaperonins.
28	12118255	Here we report the identification of the gene BBS1 and show that a missense mutation of this gene is a frequent cause of BBS.
29	12118255	What was once thought to be a homogeneous autosomal recessive disorder is now known to map to at least six loci: 11q13 (BBS1), 16q21 (BBS2), 3p13 p12 (BBS3), 15q22.3 q23 (BBS4), 2q31 (BBS5) and 20p12 (BBS6).
30	12118255	Cases of BBS mapping ro BBS6 are caused by mutations in MKKS; mutations in this gene also cause McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (hydrometrocolpos, post-axial polydactyly and congenital heart defects).
31	12118255	In addition, we recently used positional cloning to identify the genes underlying BBS2 (ref. 16) and BBS4 (ref. 17).
32	12118255	The BBS6 protein has similarity to a Thermoplasma acidophilum chaperonin, whereas BBS2 and BBS4 have no significant similarity to chaperonins.
33	12118255	Here we report the identification of the gene BBS1 and show that a missense mutation of this gene is a frequent cause of BBS.
34	12118255	What was once thought to be a homogeneous autosomal recessive disorder is now known to map to at least six loci: 11q13 (BBS1), 16q21 (BBS2), 3p13 p12 (BBS3), 15q22.3 q23 (BBS4), 2q31 (BBS5) and 20p12 (BBS6).
35	12118255	Cases of BBS mapping ro BBS6 are caused by mutations in MKKS; mutations in this gene also cause McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (hydrometrocolpos, post-axial polydactyly and congenital heart defects).
36	12118255	In addition, we recently used positional cloning to identify the genes underlying BBS2 (ref. 16) and BBS4 (ref. 17).
37	12118255	The BBS6 protein has similarity to a Thermoplasma acidophilum chaperonin, whereas BBS2 and BBS4 have no significant similarity to chaperonins.
38	12118255	Here we report the identification of the gene BBS1 and show that a missense mutation of this gene is a frequent cause of BBS.
39	12118255	What was once thought to be a homogeneous autosomal recessive disorder is now known to map to at least six loci: 11q13 (BBS1), 16q21 (BBS2), 3p13 p12 (BBS3), 15q22.3 q23 (BBS4), 2q31 (BBS5) and 20p12 (BBS6).
40	12118255	Cases of BBS mapping ro BBS6 are caused by mutations in MKKS; mutations in this gene also cause McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (hydrometrocolpos, post-axial polydactyly and congenital heart defects).
41	12118255	In addition, we recently used positional cloning to identify the genes underlying BBS2 (ref. 16) and BBS4 (ref. 17).
42	12118255	The BBS6 protein has similarity to a Thermoplasma acidophilum chaperonin, whereas BBS2 and BBS4 have no significant similarity to chaperonins.
43	12118255	Here we report the identification of the gene BBS1 and show that a missense mutation of this gene is a frequent cause of BBS.
44	12524598	BBS is known to map to at least six loci: 11q13 (BBS1), 16q21 (BBS2), 3p13-p12 (BBS3), 15q22.3-q23 (BBS4), 2q31 (BBS5), and 20p12 (BBS6).
45	12524598	Although these loci were all mapped on the basis of an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, it has recently been suggested-on the basis of mutation analysis of the identified BBS2, BBS4, and BBS6 genes-that BBS displays a complex mode of inheritance in which, in some families, three mutations at two loci are necessary to manifest the disease phenotype.
46	12524598	In the present study we evaluate the involvement of the BBS1 gene in a cohort of 129 probands with BBS and report 10 novel BBS1 mutations.
47	12524598	BBS is known to map to at least six loci: 11q13 (BBS1), 16q21 (BBS2), 3p13-p12 (BBS3), 15q22.3-q23 (BBS4), 2q31 (BBS5), and 20p12 (BBS6).
48	12524598	Although these loci were all mapped on the basis of an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, it has recently been suggested-on the basis of mutation analysis of the identified BBS2, BBS4, and BBS6 genes-that BBS displays a complex mode of inheritance in which, in some families, three mutations at two loci are necessary to manifest the disease phenotype.
49	12524598	In the present study we evaluate the involvement of the BBS1 gene in a cohort of 129 probands with BBS and report 10 novel BBS1 mutations.
50	12524598	BBS is known to map to at least six loci: 11q13 (BBS1), 16q21 (BBS2), 3p13-p12 (BBS3), 15q22.3-q23 (BBS4), 2q31 (BBS5), and 20p12 (BBS6).
51	12524598	Although these loci were all mapped on the basis of an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, it has recently been suggested-on the basis of mutation analysis of the identified BBS2, BBS4, and BBS6 genes-that BBS displays a complex mode of inheritance in which, in some families, three mutations at two loci are necessary to manifest the disease phenotype.
52	12524598	In the present study we evaluate the involvement of the BBS1 gene in a cohort of 129 probands with BBS and report 10 novel BBS1 mutations.
53	15107855	Here we show that BBS4 localizes to the centriolar satellites of centrosomes and basal bodies of primary cilia, where it functions as an adaptor of the p150(glued) subunit of the dynein transport machinery to recruit PCM1 (pericentriolar material 1 protein) and its associated cargo to the satellites.
54	15107855	Silencing of BBS4 induces PCM1 mislocalization and concomitant deanchoring of centrosomal microtubules, arrest in cell division and apoptotic cell death.
55	15107855	Expression of two truncated forms of BBS4 that are similar to those found in some individuals with BBS had a similar effect on PCM1 and microtubules.
56	15155861	The BBS6 gene is predicted to code for a protein with sequence similarity to the chaperonin family of proteins.
57	15155861	The predicted BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, BBS7, and BBS8 gene products do not seem to be molecular chaperones, on the basis of a lack of sequence similarity to the chaperonin family of proteins.
58	15155861	The identification of BBS8 suggests a possible role in cilia function for BBS gene products.
59	15155861	The BBS6 gene is predicted to code for a protein with sequence similarity to the chaperonin family of proteins.
60	15155861	The predicted BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, BBS7, and BBS8 gene products do not seem to be molecular chaperones, on the basis of a lack of sequence similarity to the chaperonin family of proteins.
61	15155861	The identification of BBS8 suggests a possible role in cilia function for BBS gene products.
62	15539463	We also demonstrate that Bbs2(-/-) mice and a second BBS mouse model, Bbs4(-/-), have a defect in social function.
63	15666242	A mutation of the BBS1 gene on chromosome 11q13 is observed in 30%-40% of BBS cases.
64	15666242	In six cases, we identified a recessive mutation in a BBS gene (three in BBS2, two in BBS4, and one in BBS6).
65	15666242	No BBS1, BBS3, BBS5, BBS7, or BBS8 mutations were identified in our series.
66	15666242	These results suggest that the antenatal presentation of BBS may mimic Meckel syndrome.
67	15666242	A mutation of the BBS1 gene on chromosome 11q13 is observed in 30%-40% of BBS cases.
68	15666242	In six cases, we identified a recessive mutation in a BBS gene (three in BBS2, two in BBS4, and one in BBS6).
69	15666242	No BBS1, BBS3, BBS5, BBS7, or BBS8 mutations were identified in our series.
70	15666242	These results suggest that the antenatal presentation of BBS may mimic Meckel syndrome.
71	15666242	A mutation of the BBS1 gene on chromosome 11q13 is observed in 30%-40% of BBS cases.
72	15666242	In six cases, we identified a recessive mutation in a BBS gene (three in BBS2, two in BBS4, and one in BBS6).
73	15666242	No BBS1, BBS3, BBS5, BBS7, or BBS8 mutations were identified in our series.
74	15666242	These results suggest that the antenatal presentation of BBS may mimic Meckel syndrome.
75	15772095	Although there is overlap in clinical features between MKS and BBS, MKS patients are not obese and do not develop retinopathy or have learning disabilities.
76	15772095	To further explore the pathophysiology of BBS and the related disorder MKS, we have developed an Mkks(-/-) mouse model.
77	15772095	The phenotype of the Mkks(-/-) mice closely resembles the phenotype of other mouse models of BBS (Bbs2(-/-) and Bbs4(-/-)).
78	15772095	These observations suggest that the complete absence of MKKS leads to BBS while the MKS phenotype is likely to be due to specific mutations.
79	15772095	Although there is overlap in clinical features between MKS and BBS, MKS patients are not obese and do not develop retinopathy or have learning disabilities.
80	15772095	To further explore the pathophysiology of BBS and the related disorder MKS, we have developed an Mkks(-/-) mouse model.
81	15772095	The phenotype of the Mkks(-/-) mice closely resembles the phenotype of other mouse models of BBS (Bbs2(-/-) and Bbs4(-/-)).
82	15772095	These observations suggest that the complete absence of MKKS leads to BBS while the MKS phenotype is likely to be due to specific mutations.
83	15772095	Although there is overlap in clinical features between MKS and BBS, MKS patients are not obese and do not develop retinopathy or have learning disabilities.
84	15772095	To further explore the pathophysiology of BBS and the related disorder MKS, we have developed an Mkks(-/-) mouse model.
85	15772095	The phenotype of the Mkks(-/-) mice closely resembles the phenotype of other mouse models of BBS (Bbs2(-/-) and Bbs4(-/-)).
86	15772095	These observations suggest that the complete absence of MKKS leads to BBS while the MKS phenotype is likely to be due to specific mutations.
87	15772095	Although there is overlap in clinical features between MKS and BBS, MKS patients are not obese and do not develop retinopathy or have learning disabilities.
88	15772095	To further explore the pathophysiology of BBS and the related disorder MKS, we have developed an Mkks(-/-) mouse model.
89	15772095	The phenotype of the Mkks(-/-) mice closely resembles the phenotype of other mouse models of BBS (Bbs2(-/-) and Bbs4(-/-)).
90	15772095	These observations suggest that the complete absence of MKKS leads to BBS while the MKS phenotype is likely to be due to specific mutations.
91	17003356	In this study, we performed mutation analysis of the coding and conserved regions of BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, and BBS6 in 48 French Caucasian individuals.
92	17003356	Variants in BBS2, BBS4, and BBS6 showed evidence of association with common obesity in an age-dependent manner, the BBS2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) being associated with common adult obesity (P = 0.0005) and the BBS4 and BBS6 SNPs being associated with common early-onset childhood obesity (P = 0.0003) and common adult morbid obesity (0.0003 < P < 0.007).
93	17003356	The BBS6 variants also showed nominal evidence of association with quantitative components of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia), a complication previously described in BBS patients.
94	17003356	In this study, we performed mutation analysis of the coding and conserved regions of BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, and BBS6 in 48 French Caucasian individuals.
95	17003356	Variants in BBS2, BBS4, and BBS6 showed evidence of association with common obesity in an age-dependent manner, the BBS2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) being associated with common adult obesity (P = 0.0005) and the BBS4 and BBS6 SNPs being associated with common early-onset childhood obesity (P = 0.0003) and common adult morbid obesity (0.0003 < P < 0.007).
96	17003356	The BBS6 variants also showed nominal evidence of association with quantitative components of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia), a complication previously described in BBS patients.
97	17003356	In this study, we performed mutation analysis of the coding and conserved regions of BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, and BBS6 in 48 French Caucasian individuals.
98	17003356	Variants in BBS2, BBS4, and BBS6 showed evidence of association with common obesity in an age-dependent manner, the BBS2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) being associated with common adult obesity (P = 0.0005) and the BBS4 and BBS6 SNPs being associated with common early-onset childhood obesity (P = 0.0003) and common adult morbid obesity (0.0003 < P < 0.007).
99	17003356	The BBS6 variants also showed nominal evidence of association with quantitative components of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia), a complication previously described in BBS patients.
100	18381349	The SHH fin bud phenotype was also used to confirm specific genetic interactions between BBS genes.
101	19150989	Here, we show that BBS proteins are required for leptin receptor (LepR) signaling in the hypothalamus.
102	19150989	We found that Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice are resistant to the action of leptin to reduce body weight and food intake regardless of serum leptin levels and obesity.
103	19150989	In addition, activation of hypothalamic STAT3 by leptin is significantly decreased in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
104	19150989	In contrast, downstream melanocortin receptor signaling is unaffected, indicating that LepR signaling is specifically impaired in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
105	19150989	Impaired LepR signaling in BBS mice was associated with decreased Pomc gene expression.
106	19150989	Furthermore, we found that BBS1 protein physically interacts with the LepR and that loss of BBS proteins perturbs LepR trafficking.
107	19150989	Our data indicate that BBS proteins mediate LepR trafficking and that impaired LepR signaling underlies energy imbalance in BBS.
108	19150989	Here, we show that BBS proteins are required for leptin receptor (LepR) signaling in the hypothalamus.
109	19150989	We found that Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice are resistant to the action of leptin to reduce body weight and food intake regardless of serum leptin levels and obesity.
110	19150989	In addition, activation of hypothalamic STAT3 by leptin is significantly decreased in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
111	19150989	In contrast, downstream melanocortin receptor signaling is unaffected, indicating that LepR signaling is specifically impaired in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
112	19150989	Impaired LepR signaling in BBS mice was associated with decreased Pomc gene expression.
113	19150989	Furthermore, we found that BBS1 protein physically interacts with the LepR and that loss of BBS proteins perturbs LepR trafficking.
114	19150989	Our data indicate that BBS proteins mediate LepR trafficking and that impaired LepR signaling underlies energy imbalance in BBS.
115	19150989	Here, we show that BBS proteins are required for leptin receptor (LepR) signaling in the hypothalamus.
116	19150989	We found that Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice are resistant to the action of leptin to reduce body weight and food intake regardless of serum leptin levels and obesity.
117	19150989	In addition, activation of hypothalamic STAT3 by leptin is significantly decreased in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
118	19150989	In contrast, downstream melanocortin receptor signaling is unaffected, indicating that LepR signaling is specifically impaired in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
119	19150989	Impaired LepR signaling in BBS mice was associated with decreased Pomc gene expression.
120	19150989	Furthermore, we found that BBS1 protein physically interacts with the LepR and that loss of BBS proteins perturbs LepR trafficking.
121	19150989	Our data indicate that BBS proteins mediate LepR trafficking and that impaired LepR signaling underlies energy imbalance in BBS.
122	19150989	Here, we show that BBS proteins are required for leptin receptor (LepR) signaling in the hypothalamus.
123	19150989	We found that Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice are resistant to the action of leptin to reduce body weight and food intake regardless of serum leptin levels and obesity.
124	19150989	In addition, activation of hypothalamic STAT3 by leptin is significantly decreased in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
125	19150989	In contrast, downstream melanocortin receptor signaling is unaffected, indicating that LepR signaling is specifically impaired in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
126	19150989	Impaired LepR signaling in BBS mice was associated with decreased Pomc gene expression.
127	19150989	Furthermore, we found that BBS1 protein physically interacts with the LepR and that loss of BBS proteins perturbs LepR trafficking.
128	19150989	Our data indicate that BBS proteins mediate LepR trafficking and that impaired LepR signaling underlies energy imbalance in BBS.
129	19150989	Here, we show that BBS proteins are required for leptin receptor (LepR) signaling in the hypothalamus.
130	19150989	We found that Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice are resistant to the action of leptin to reduce body weight and food intake regardless of serum leptin levels and obesity.
131	19150989	In addition, activation of hypothalamic STAT3 by leptin is significantly decreased in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
132	19150989	In contrast, downstream melanocortin receptor signaling is unaffected, indicating that LepR signaling is specifically impaired in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
133	19150989	Impaired LepR signaling in BBS mice was associated with decreased Pomc gene expression.
134	19150989	Furthermore, we found that BBS1 protein physically interacts with the LepR and that loss of BBS proteins perturbs LepR trafficking.
135	19150989	Our data indicate that BBS proteins mediate LepR trafficking and that impaired LepR signaling underlies energy imbalance in BBS.
136	19150989	Here, we show that BBS proteins are required for leptin receptor (LepR) signaling in the hypothalamus.
137	19150989	We found that Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice are resistant to the action of leptin to reduce body weight and food intake regardless of serum leptin levels and obesity.
138	19150989	In addition, activation of hypothalamic STAT3 by leptin is significantly decreased in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
139	19150989	In contrast, downstream melanocortin receptor signaling is unaffected, indicating that LepR signaling is specifically impaired in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
140	19150989	Impaired LepR signaling in BBS mice was associated with decreased Pomc gene expression.
141	19150989	Furthermore, we found that BBS1 protein physically interacts with the LepR and that loss of BBS proteins perturbs LepR trafficking.
142	19150989	Our data indicate that BBS proteins mediate LepR trafficking and that impaired LepR signaling underlies energy imbalance in BBS.
143	19150989	Here, we show that BBS proteins are required for leptin receptor (LepR) signaling in the hypothalamus.
144	19150989	We found that Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice are resistant to the action of leptin to reduce body weight and food intake regardless of serum leptin levels and obesity.
145	19150989	In addition, activation of hypothalamic STAT3 by leptin is significantly decreased in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
146	19150989	In contrast, downstream melanocortin receptor signaling is unaffected, indicating that LepR signaling is specifically impaired in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice.
147	19150989	Impaired LepR signaling in BBS mice was associated with decreased Pomc gene expression.
148	19150989	Furthermore, we found that BBS1 protein physically interacts with the LepR and that loss of BBS proteins perturbs LepR trafficking.
149	19150989	Our data indicate that BBS proteins mediate LepR trafficking and that impaired LepR signaling underlies energy imbalance in BBS.
150	22139371	Here we developed a Bbs3 knockout model and demonstrate that Bbs3(-/-) mice develop BBS-associated phenotypes, including retinal degeneration, male infertility, and increased body fat.
151	22139371	Interestingly, Bbs3(-/-) mice develop some unique phenotypes not seen in other BBS knockout models: no overt obesity, severe hydrocephalus, and elevated blood pressure (shared by some but not all BBS gene knockout mice).
152	22139371	Loss of Bbs3 does not affect BBSome formation but disrupts normal localization of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 to ciliary membranes and affects retrograde transport of Smoothened inside cilia.
153	22139371	Here we developed a Bbs3 knockout model and demonstrate that Bbs3(-/-) mice develop BBS-associated phenotypes, including retinal degeneration, male infertility, and increased body fat.
154	22139371	Interestingly, Bbs3(-/-) mice develop some unique phenotypes not seen in other BBS knockout models: no overt obesity, severe hydrocephalus, and elevated blood pressure (shared by some but not all BBS gene knockout mice).
155	22139371	Loss of Bbs3 does not affect BBSome formation but disrupts normal localization of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 to ciliary membranes and affects retrograde transport of Smoothened inside cilia.
156	22500027	To date, 16 BBS genes have been reported, seven of which (BBS1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9) code for proteins that form a complex known as the BBSome.
157	22500027	Three additional BBS genes (BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12) have homology to type II chaperonins and interact with CCT/TRiC proteins and BBS7 to form a complex termed the BBS-chaperonin complex.
158	22500027	By characterizing BBSome assembly intermediates, we show that the BBS-chaperonin complex plays a role in BBS7 stability.
159	22500027	BBS7 interacts with BBS2 and becomes part of a BBS7-BBS2-BBS9 assembly intermediate referred to as the BBSome core complex because it forms the core of the BBSome.
160	22500027	BBS1, BBS5, BBS8, and finally BBS4 are added to the BBSome core to form the complete BBSome.
161	22500027	To date, 16 BBS genes have been reported, seven of which (BBS1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9) code for proteins that form a complex known as the BBSome.
162	22500027	Three additional BBS genes (BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12) have homology to type II chaperonins and interact with CCT/TRiC proteins and BBS7 to form a complex termed the BBS-chaperonin complex.
163	22500027	By characterizing BBSome assembly intermediates, we show that the BBS-chaperonin complex plays a role in BBS7 stability.
164	22500027	BBS7 interacts with BBS2 and becomes part of a BBS7-BBS2-BBS9 assembly intermediate referred to as the BBSome core complex because it forms the core of the BBSome.
165	22500027	BBS1, BBS5, BBS8, and finally BBS4 are added to the BBSome core to form the complete BBSome.
166	22500027	To date, 16 BBS genes have been reported, seven of which (BBS1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9) code for proteins that form a complex known as the BBSome.
167	22500027	Three additional BBS genes (BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12) have homology to type II chaperonins and interact with CCT/TRiC proteins and BBS7 to form a complex termed the BBS-chaperonin complex.
168	22500027	By characterizing BBSome assembly intermediates, we show that the BBS-chaperonin complex plays a role in BBS7 stability.
169	22500027	BBS7 interacts with BBS2 and becomes part of a BBS7-BBS2-BBS9 assembly intermediate referred to as the BBSome core complex because it forms the core of the BBSome.
170	22500027	BBS1, BBS5, BBS8, and finally BBS4 are added to the BBSome core to form the complete BBSome.
171	22500027	To date, 16 BBS genes have been reported, seven of which (BBS1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9) code for proteins that form a complex known as the BBSome.
172	22500027	Three additional BBS genes (BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12) have homology to type II chaperonins and interact with CCT/TRiC proteins and BBS7 to form a complex termed the BBS-chaperonin complex.
173	22500027	By characterizing BBSome assembly intermediates, we show that the BBS-chaperonin complex plays a role in BBS7 stability.
174	22500027	BBS7 interacts with BBS2 and becomes part of a BBS7-BBS2-BBS9 assembly intermediate referred to as the BBSome core complex because it forms the core of the BBSome.
175	22500027	BBS1, BBS5, BBS8, and finally BBS4 are added to the BBSome core to form the complete BBSome.
176	22581473	Alms1 is lost from this location in foz/foz mice, coinciding with a strong postnatal reduction (∼70%) in neurons displaying cilia marked with adenylyl cyclase 3 (AC3), a signaling protein implicated in obesity.
177	22581473	Notably, the reduction in AC3-bearing cilia parallels the decrease in cilia containing two appetite-regulating proteins, Mchr1 and Sstr3, as well as another established Arl13b ciliary marker, consistent with progressive loss of cilia during development.
178	22581473	Given that Mchr1 and Sstr3 localization to remaining cilia is maintained in foz/foz animals but known to be lost from BBS knockout mice, our findings suggest different molecular etiologies for the satiety defects associated with the Alström syndrome and BBS ciliopathies.
179	23747070	Many of these diseases, or ciliopathies, are manifested as genetic syndromes, such as Joubert syndrome, Bardet-Biedel (BBS), Meckel-Gruber (MKS), and Nephronophthisis (NPHP), illustrating the importance of understanding cilium structure and function and the mechanisms required for its assembly.