Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: CALR

Gene name: calreticulin

HGNC ID: 1455

Synonyms: RO, SSA, cC1qR, CRT, FLJ26680

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ADIPOQ	1 hits
2	AK2	1 hits
3	AKT1	1 hits
4	ANXA1	1 hits
5	ASPM	1 hits
6	ATF4	1 hits
7	ATF6	1 hits
8	BCL2L11	1 hits
9	BNIP3L	1 hits
10	BTG3	1 hits
11	CANX	1 hits
12	CDC2L1	1 hits
13	COL1A1	1 hits
14	CYLD	1 hits
15	DDIT3	1 hits
16	EDEM1	1 hits
17	EIF2AK3	1 hits
18	EIF2S1	1 hits
19	GFPT1	1 hits
20	HINT1	1 hits
21	HSP90B1	1 hits
22	HSPA1A	1 hits
23	HSPA5	1 hits
24	HSPD1	1 hits
25	HYOU1	1 hits
26	INS	1 hits
27	INSR	1 hits
28	MAPK1	1 hits
29	MAPK8	1 hits
30	MT3	1 hits
31	P4HB	1 hits
32	PDIA2	1 hits
33	PIK3CA	1 hits
34	PIK3CG	1 hits
35	PKLR	1 hits
36	POMGNT1	1 hits
37	PPP1R15A	1 hits
38	S100A11	1 hits
39	S100A6	1 hits
40	SLC11A1	1 hits
41	SLC11A2	1 hits
42	SLC2A1	1 hits
43	SLC30A1	1 hits
44	SLC30A4	1 hits
45	SSB	1 hits
46	TCP1	1 hits
47	TFRC	1 hits
48	VCP	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	3873410	Eight families (121 individuals) with two or more members affected with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were analyzed for histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A, B, C, DR, MT, and MB) and complement antigens (C4A, C4B, and BF).
2	3873410	These data were correlated with serological markers (antinuclear antibodies, single- and double-stranded anti-DNA, anti-SM, anti-nRNP, anti-Ro [SS-A], anti-La [SS-B], and biological false-positive tests for syphilis and clinical features.
3	10374293	We studied the systemic manifestations of myasthenia gravis and its putative pathogenesis. 644 clinically, pharmacologically and electrophysiologically diagnosed patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) were studied. 33 patients had Graves disease, 5 periodic paralysis, 4 Hashimoto disease, and 4 epilepsy, polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis and Guillain-Barre syndrome each. 45 patients had positive anti-skeletal-muscle antibodies, 9 positive anti-thyroid antibody, and 3 positive SSA and SSB. 11 MG patients with positive pyramidal signs (MG+PS) had no evidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) or other neurologic diseases.
4	10963817	There was no difference in the expression of any of the genes studied between the two strains of rats. mRNAs encoding zinc transport proteins ZnT-1 and ZnT-4, as well as calreticulin, ferritin heavy and light chains, metallothionein 1, metallothionein 3, Nramp1, Nramp2, transferrin, and the transferrin receptor were readily detected in pancreatic islets of 10-day-old, 5-week-old, and adult (60 to 90-day-old) rats.
5	10963817	In contrast to the islet, mRNAs encoding metallothionein 3, Nramp1, Nramp2, ZnT-2, ZnT-3, and ZnT-4 and transferrin were not detected in the whole pancreas of adult Sprague-Dawley rats.
6	10963817	In the whole pancreas of 3-day-old rats, ZnT-1 was the only zinc transporter mRNA detected and its level was moderate.
7	10963817	Moderate to high levels of mRNA encoding calreticulin and the light and heavy chains of ferritin, as well as transferrin and the transferrin receptor, were detected in whole pancreas at 3 days.
8	10963817	ZnT-2 and ZnT-3 mRNAs were present in low to moderate levels in pancreatic islets of 10-day and 5-week-old rats, but were absent in 3-day-old pancreas and islets of adult animals.
9	10963817	In both Sprague-Dawley and BB rats, high levels of mRNAs encoding known beta cell proteins as controls (cytochrome b558, quinone reductase, the tricarboxylic acid transport protein and the receptors for IGF-1 and IGF-2 and insulin) were present in islets from 10 days to adulthood.
10	10963817	There was no difference in the expression of any of the genes studied between the two strains of rats. mRNAs encoding zinc transport proteins ZnT-1 and ZnT-4, as well as calreticulin, ferritin heavy and light chains, metallothionein 1, metallothionein 3, Nramp1, Nramp2, transferrin, and the transferrin receptor were readily detected in pancreatic islets of 10-day-old, 5-week-old, and adult (60 to 90-day-old) rats.
11	10963817	In contrast to the islet, mRNAs encoding metallothionein 3, Nramp1, Nramp2, ZnT-2, ZnT-3, and ZnT-4 and transferrin were not detected in the whole pancreas of adult Sprague-Dawley rats.
12	10963817	In the whole pancreas of 3-day-old rats, ZnT-1 was the only zinc transporter mRNA detected and its level was moderate.
13	10963817	Moderate to high levels of mRNA encoding calreticulin and the light and heavy chains of ferritin, as well as transferrin and the transferrin receptor, were detected in whole pancreas at 3 days.
14	10963817	ZnT-2 and ZnT-3 mRNAs were present in low to moderate levels in pancreatic islets of 10-day and 5-week-old rats, but were absent in 3-day-old pancreas and islets of adult animals.
15	10963817	In both Sprague-Dawley and BB rats, high levels of mRNAs encoding known beta cell proteins as controls (cytochrome b558, quinone reductase, the tricarboxylic acid transport protein and the receptors for IGF-1 and IGF-2 and insulin) were present in islets from 10 days to adulthood.
16	12716134	This group includes GRP78, valosin-containing protein, calreticulin, protein disulfide isomerase, DnaK, HSP70, HSP60, and TCP-1.
17	12716134	This group includes proprotein convertase subtilisin, collapsin response mediator protein 2, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein, L-3-hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, peroxiredoxin, and secretogogin.
18	15112051	Monoglucosylated (Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)) glycoproteins take part in the calnexin/calreticulin glucosylation-deglucosylation cycle, while the Man(8)GlcNAc(2) isomer B product of ER mannosidase I interacts with EDEM.
19	15209516	These results, together with earlier studies elsewhere of vasopressin precursor behavior within rat neurons, are shown to represent a self-consistent argument for a role for glycosylated copeptin in vasopressin precursor folding in vivo, copeptin most probably assisting refolding by facilitating interaction of misfolded monomers with the calnexin/calreticulin system.
20	15585578	We show that exposure to valproate increases the expression of chaperones that assist in the folding of proteins in the ER including GRP78/BiP, GRP94, PDI and calreticulin as well as the cytosolic chaperone, HSP70.
21	15952740	A number of proteins identified in this study (e.g., annexin A2, elongation factor 1-alpha 2, histone H2B.a/g/k, heat shock protein 90 beta, heat shock 27 kDa protein, cyclophilin B, peroxiredoxin 4, cytokeratins 7, 18, and 19) have not been previously described in the database of mouse pancreatic islets.
22	15952740	In addition, altered expression of several proteins, like GRP78, GRP94, PDI, calreticulin, annexin, cytokeratins, profilin, heat shock proteins, and ORP150 have been associated with the development of diabetes.
23	16210549	Using RNA mobility shift, UV cross-linking, and in vitro degradation assays, followed by mass-spectrometric analysis, we identified calreticulin as a specific destabilizing trans-acting factor that binds to a 10-nucleotide cis-acting element (CAE(2181-2190)) in the 3'-untranslated region of GLUT-1 mRNA.
24	16210549	Pure calreticulin accelerated the rate of GLUT-1 mRNA-probe degradation in vitro, whereas overexpression of calreticulin in vascular cells decreased significantly the total cell content of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein.
25	16210549	These data suggest that CAE(2181-2190)-calreticulin complex, which is formed in VSMC and VEC exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, renders GLUT-1 mRNA susceptible to degradation.
26	16210549	Using RNA mobility shift, UV cross-linking, and in vitro degradation assays, followed by mass-spectrometric analysis, we identified calreticulin as a specific destabilizing trans-acting factor that binds to a 10-nucleotide cis-acting element (CAE(2181-2190)) in the 3'-untranslated region of GLUT-1 mRNA.
27	16210549	Pure calreticulin accelerated the rate of GLUT-1 mRNA-probe degradation in vitro, whereas overexpression of calreticulin in vascular cells decreased significantly the total cell content of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein.
28	16210549	These data suggest that CAE(2181-2190)-calreticulin complex, which is formed in VSMC and VEC exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, renders GLUT-1 mRNA susceptible to degradation.
29	16210549	Using RNA mobility shift, UV cross-linking, and in vitro degradation assays, followed by mass-spectrometric analysis, we identified calreticulin as a specific destabilizing trans-acting factor that binds to a 10-nucleotide cis-acting element (CAE(2181-2190)) in the 3'-untranslated region of GLUT-1 mRNA.
30	16210549	Pure calreticulin accelerated the rate of GLUT-1 mRNA-probe degradation in vitro, whereas overexpression of calreticulin in vascular cells decreased significantly the total cell content of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein.
31	16210549	These data suggest that CAE(2181-2190)-calreticulin complex, which is formed in VSMC and VEC exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, renders GLUT-1 mRNA susceptible to degradation.
32	17200159	The dysregulated spots from the membrane subproteome included binding protein (BiP), calreticulin precursor protein, a 63-kDa transmembrane protein from a ER/Golgi intermediate, and beta-subunit of collagen proline 4-hydroxylase.
33	17200159	Enolase 1, annexin VI, and gamma(2)-actin were decreased, whereas heat shock protein-70 kDa and calmodulin (CaM) were increased.
34	17200159	CaM-specific inhibitors blocked glucose transport stimulated by transforming growth factor-beta and insulin in mesangial cells.
35	17256056	Adiponectin modulates inflammatory reactions via calreticulin receptor-dependent clearance of early apoptotic bodies.
36	17256056	Adiponectin was capable of opsonizing apoptotic cells, and phagocytosis of cell corpses was mediated by the binding of adiponectin to calreticulin on the macrophage cell surface.
37	17256056	Adiponectin modulates inflammatory reactions via calreticulin receptor-dependent clearance of early apoptotic bodies.
38	17256056	Adiponectin was capable of opsonizing apoptotic cells, and phagocytosis of cell corpses was mediated by the binding of adiponectin to calreticulin on the macrophage cell surface.
39	17458497	Of special interest among the differentially expressed proteins are those involved in protein folding (Hsp60, protein disulfide isomerase, calreticulin), Ca(2+) binding (calgizzarin, calcyclin and annexin I) and metabolism or signalling (pyruvate kinase, alpha enolase and protein kinase C inhibitor 1).
40	18840478	Calreticulin regulates insulin receptor expression and its downstream PI3 Kinase/Akt signalling pathway.
41	18840478	Insulin signalling is initiated by the binding of insulin to its receptor and triggering cascades of events including activation of PI3kinase/Akt signalling pathway.
42	18840478	Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the glucose uptake and insulin signalling pathway (mainly PI3 kinase/Akt) in the absence of CRT.
43	18840478	This increase was accompanied by a significant increase in both insulin receptor beta expression, Insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation, GLUT-1 expression and in insulin stimulated Akt phosphorylation and kinase activity in the crt-/- cells.
44	18840478	Intriguingly, the increased expression of insulin receptor beta in the crt-/- was due to decreased levels of p53 protein.
45	19370316	Augmentation of HBP in L6 skeletal muscle cells either by pharmacological (glucosamine) or physiological (high-glucose) means, resulted in increased protein expression of ER chaperones (viz., Grp78, Calreticulin, and Calnexin), UDP-GlcNAc levels and impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.
46	19370316	Cells silenced for O-glycosyl transferase (OGT) showed improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (P < 0.05) but without any effect on ER chaperone upregulation.
47	19370316	While cells treated with either glucosamine or high-glucose exhibited increased JNK activity, silencing of OGT resulted in inhibition of JNK and normalization of glucose uptake.
48	19448334	In the aorta of control animals, a weak ER stress was detected, and 4-PBA treatment decreased the calreticulin- and GRP78-positive areas and also reduced the mRNA levels of calreticulin and GRP78.
49	19622482	The values of ASP and SSA increased significantly in HT and DBT patients compared to the control group.
50	19622482	In this work, abnormalities in the erythrocyte aggregation could be detected by the values of ASP, EAC and SSA, which might be involved in vascular disorders of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.
51	19622482	The values of ASP and SSA increased significantly in HT and DBT patients compared to the control group.
52	19622482	In this work, abnormalities in the erythrocyte aggregation could be detected by the values of ASP, EAC and SSA, which might be involved in vascular disorders of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.
53	19952345	GFAT overexpression resulted in increased expression of ER stress markers, including Grp78, Grp94, calreticulin, and GADD153, relative to cells infected with an empty adenoviral vector.
54	21475143	Examined were the effects of intravenously infused glucose and/or lipids on proximal ER stress sensor activation (PERK, eIF2-α, ATF4, Xbox protein 1 (XBP1s)), unfolded protein response (UPR) proteins (GRP78, calnexin, calreticulin, protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), stress kinases (JNK, p38 MAPK) and insulin signaling (insulin/receptor substrate (IRS) 1/2 associated phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)) in rat liver.
55	21475143	Glucose and/or lipid infusions, ranging from 23.8 to 69.5 kJ/4 h (equivalent to between ~17% and ~50% of normal daily energy intake), activated the proximal ER stress sensor PERK and ATF6 increased the protein abundance of calnexin, calreticulin and PDI and increased two GRP78 isoforms.
56	21475143	Glucose and glucose plus lipid infusions induced comparable degrees of ER stress, but only infusions containing lipid activated stress kinases (JNK and p38 MAPK) and inhibited insulin signaling (PI3K).
57	21475143	Examined were the effects of intravenously infused glucose and/or lipids on proximal ER stress sensor activation (PERK, eIF2-α, ATF4, Xbox protein 1 (XBP1s)), unfolded protein response (UPR) proteins (GRP78, calnexin, calreticulin, protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), stress kinases (JNK, p38 MAPK) and insulin signaling (insulin/receptor substrate (IRS) 1/2 associated phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)) in rat liver.
58	21475143	Glucose and/or lipid infusions, ranging from 23.8 to 69.5 kJ/4 h (equivalent to between ~17% and ~50% of normal daily energy intake), activated the proximal ER stress sensor PERK and ATF6 increased the protein abundance of calnexin, calreticulin and PDI and increased two GRP78 isoforms.
59	21475143	Glucose and glucose plus lipid infusions induced comparable degrees of ER stress, but only infusions containing lipid activated stress kinases (JNK and p38 MAPK) and inhibited insulin signaling (PI3K).
60	22844291	The targets of ANA in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis do not appear to be similar to those found in other rheumatological diseases, as dsDNA, SS-A, and SS-B are not frequently recognized by AIP-related ANA.
61	22844291	Further studies have focused on the identification of pancreas-specific autoantigens and reported significant reactivity to lactoferrin, carbonic anhydrase, pancreas secretory trypsin inhibitor, amylase-alpha, heat-shock protein, and plasminogen-binding protein.
62	23519473	Cleavage of 14 substrates was investigated in vitro; 9/14 substrates for both DP8 and DP9 were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS, including two of high confidence, calreticulin and adenylate kinase 2.
63	23860123	There was a reduction in expression of genes important for the maintenance of ER homeostasis (Bip, p58(IPK), Edem1, and calreticulin) and an increase in proapoptotic genes (Bim, Bid, Nix, Gadd34, and Pdia2).