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PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
15908038
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activators p35 and p39 facilitate formation of functional synapses.
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15908038
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Cdk5 needs to associate with one of the regulatory proteins p35 or p39 to be an active enzyme.
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3 |
15908038
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To investigate if Cdk5 plays a role in the establishment of functional synapses, we have characterized the expression of Cdk5, p35, and p39 in the neuroblastoma-glioma cell line NG108-15, and recorded postsynaptic activity in myotubes in response to presynaptic overexpression of Cdk5, p35, and p39.
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4 |
15908038
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Endogenous Cdk5 and p35 protein levels increased with cellular differentiation and preferentially distributed to soluble pools, whereas the level of p39 protein remained low and primarily was present in membrane and cytoskeletal fractions.
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5 |
15908038
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Overexpression of either Cdk5/p35 or Cdk5/p39 resulted in a substantial increase in synaptic structures that displayed postsynaptic activities, as well as mEPP frequency.
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6 |
15908038
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These findings demonstrate that Cdk5, p35, and p39 are endogenously expressed in NG108-15 cells, exhibit distinct subcellular localizations, and that both Cdk5/p35 and Cdk5/p39 are central in formation of functional synapses.
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7 |
15908038
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activators p35 and p39 facilitate formation of functional synapses.
|
8 |
15908038
|
Cdk5 needs to associate with one of the regulatory proteins p35 or p39 to be an active enzyme.
|
9 |
15908038
|
To investigate if Cdk5 plays a role in the establishment of functional synapses, we have characterized the expression of Cdk5, p35, and p39 in the neuroblastoma-glioma cell line NG108-15, and recorded postsynaptic activity in myotubes in response to presynaptic overexpression of Cdk5, p35, and p39.
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10 |
15908038
|
Endogenous Cdk5 and p35 protein levels increased with cellular differentiation and preferentially distributed to soluble pools, whereas the level of p39 protein remained low and primarily was present in membrane and cytoskeletal fractions.
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11 |
15908038
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Overexpression of either Cdk5/p35 or Cdk5/p39 resulted in a substantial increase in synaptic structures that displayed postsynaptic activities, as well as mEPP frequency.
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12 |
15908038
|
These findings demonstrate that Cdk5, p35, and p39 are endogenously expressed in NG108-15 cells, exhibit distinct subcellular localizations, and that both Cdk5/p35 and Cdk5/p39 are central in formation of functional synapses.
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13 |
15908038
|
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activators p35 and p39 facilitate formation of functional synapses.
|
14 |
15908038
|
Cdk5 needs to associate with one of the regulatory proteins p35 or p39 to be an active enzyme.
|
15 |
15908038
|
To investigate if Cdk5 plays a role in the establishment of functional synapses, we have characterized the expression of Cdk5, p35, and p39 in the neuroblastoma-glioma cell line NG108-15, and recorded postsynaptic activity in myotubes in response to presynaptic overexpression of Cdk5, p35, and p39.
|
16 |
15908038
|
Endogenous Cdk5 and p35 protein levels increased with cellular differentiation and preferentially distributed to soluble pools, whereas the level of p39 protein remained low and primarily was present in membrane and cytoskeletal fractions.
|
17 |
15908038
|
Overexpression of either Cdk5/p35 or Cdk5/p39 resulted in a substantial increase in synaptic structures that displayed postsynaptic activities, as well as mEPP frequency.
|
18 |
15908038
|
These findings demonstrate that Cdk5, p35, and p39 are endogenously expressed in NG108-15 cells, exhibit distinct subcellular localizations, and that both Cdk5/p35 and Cdk5/p39 are central in formation of functional synapses.
|
19 |
15908038
|
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activators p35 and p39 facilitate formation of functional synapses.
|
20 |
15908038
|
Cdk5 needs to associate with one of the regulatory proteins p35 or p39 to be an active enzyme.
|
21 |
15908038
|
To investigate if Cdk5 plays a role in the establishment of functional synapses, we have characterized the expression of Cdk5, p35, and p39 in the neuroblastoma-glioma cell line NG108-15, and recorded postsynaptic activity in myotubes in response to presynaptic overexpression of Cdk5, p35, and p39.
|
22 |
15908038
|
Endogenous Cdk5 and p35 protein levels increased with cellular differentiation and preferentially distributed to soluble pools, whereas the level of p39 protein remained low and primarily was present in membrane and cytoskeletal fractions.
|
23 |
15908038
|
Overexpression of either Cdk5/p35 or Cdk5/p39 resulted in a substantial increase in synaptic structures that displayed postsynaptic activities, as well as mEPP frequency.
|
24 |
15908038
|
These findings demonstrate that Cdk5, p35, and p39 are endogenously expressed in NG108-15 cells, exhibit distinct subcellular localizations, and that both Cdk5/p35 and Cdk5/p39 are central in formation of functional synapses.
|
25 |
15908038
|
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activators p35 and p39 facilitate formation of functional synapses.
|
26 |
15908038
|
Cdk5 needs to associate with one of the regulatory proteins p35 or p39 to be an active enzyme.
|
27 |
15908038
|
To investigate if Cdk5 plays a role in the establishment of functional synapses, we have characterized the expression of Cdk5, p35, and p39 in the neuroblastoma-glioma cell line NG108-15, and recorded postsynaptic activity in myotubes in response to presynaptic overexpression of Cdk5, p35, and p39.
|
28 |
15908038
|
Endogenous Cdk5 and p35 protein levels increased with cellular differentiation and preferentially distributed to soluble pools, whereas the level of p39 protein remained low and primarily was present in membrane and cytoskeletal fractions.
|
29 |
15908038
|
Overexpression of either Cdk5/p35 or Cdk5/p39 resulted in a substantial increase in synaptic structures that displayed postsynaptic activities, as well as mEPP frequency.
|
30 |
15908038
|
These findings demonstrate that Cdk5, p35, and p39 are endogenously expressed in NG108-15 cells, exhibit distinct subcellular localizations, and that both Cdk5/p35 and Cdk5/p39 are central in formation of functional synapses.
|
31 |
15908038
|
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activators p35 and p39 facilitate formation of functional synapses.
|
32 |
15908038
|
Cdk5 needs to associate with one of the regulatory proteins p35 or p39 to be an active enzyme.
|
33 |
15908038
|
To investigate if Cdk5 plays a role in the establishment of functional synapses, we have characterized the expression of Cdk5, p35, and p39 in the neuroblastoma-glioma cell line NG108-15, and recorded postsynaptic activity in myotubes in response to presynaptic overexpression of Cdk5, p35, and p39.
|
34 |
15908038
|
Endogenous Cdk5 and p35 protein levels increased with cellular differentiation and preferentially distributed to soluble pools, whereas the level of p39 protein remained low and primarily was present in membrane and cytoskeletal fractions.
|
35 |
15908038
|
Overexpression of either Cdk5/p35 or Cdk5/p39 resulted in a substantial increase in synaptic structures that displayed postsynaptic activities, as well as mEPP frequency.
|
36 |
15908038
|
These findings demonstrate that Cdk5, p35, and p39 are endogenously expressed in NG108-15 cells, exhibit distinct subcellular localizations, and that both Cdk5/p35 and Cdk5/p39 are central in formation of functional synapses.
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37 |
17979810
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, which forms active complexes with p35 or p39 expressed predominantly in neurons.
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38 |
17979810
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It has been widely accepted that aberrant Cdk5 activity induced by the conversion of p35 to p25 plays roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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39 |
17979810
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Moreover, recent studies suggest that Cdk5 plays crucial roles in physiological functions in non-neuronal cells such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic -cells.
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40 |
17979810
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This review focuses on the implication of Cdk5 in the signaling pathways of both neurodegenerative diseases and drug abuse, and the mechanism of Cdk5 involvement in insulin secretion.
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41 |
22028710
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5/p35/p39: A Novel and Imminent Therapeutic Target for Diabetes Mellitus.
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42 |
22028710
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Present therapies to minify hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance mainly target ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (K(ATP)) of pancreatic cells and PPAR-γ to enhance the insulin secretion and potential for GLUT expression, respectively.
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43 |
22028710
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CDK5 is a serine/threonine protein kinase, which forms active complexes with p35 or p39 found principally in neurons and in pancreatic β cells.
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44 |
22028710
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Pieces of evidence from recent studies recommend the vital role of CDK5 in physiological functions in nonneuronal cells such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic cells.
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45 |
22028710
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Inhibition of CDK5 averts the decrease of insulin gene expression through the inhibition of nuclear translocation of PDX-1 which is a transcription factor for the insulin gene.
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46 |
22028710
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The present pieces of evidence designate that CDK5 might be a potential drug target for the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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47 |
22028710
|
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5/p35/p39: A Novel and Imminent Therapeutic Target for Diabetes Mellitus.
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48 |
22028710
|
Present therapies to minify hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance mainly target ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (K(ATP)) of pancreatic cells and PPAR-γ to enhance the insulin secretion and potential for GLUT expression, respectively.
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49 |
22028710
|
CDK5 is a serine/threonine protein kinase, which forms active complexes with p35 or p39 found principally in neurons and in pancreatic β cells.
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50 |
22028710
|
Pieces of evidence from recent studies recommend the vital role of CDK5 in physiological functions in nonneuronal cells such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic cells.
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51 |
22028710
|
Inhibition of CDK5 averts the decrease of insulin gene expression through the inhibition of nuclear translocation of PDX-1 which is a transcription factor for the insulin gene.
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52 |
22028710
|
The present pieces of evidence designate that CDK5 might be a potential drug target for the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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53 |
22795893
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Also atypical is the activation of Cdk5 by binding of a non-cyclin activator protein, namely, the Cdk5 regulatory proteins Cdk5R1 (p35), truncated Cdk5R1 (p25), or Cdk5R2 (p39).
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54 |
22795893
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Recently, this concept of a canonical neuronal function of Cdk5 has been extended, if not challenged, by the observation of p35 and p39 expression, as well as Cdk5 activity, in multiple non-neuronal cells.
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55 |
22795893
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Extraneuronal Cdk5 regulates critical biological processes including transcript-selective translation control for regulation of macrophage gene expression, glucose-inducible insulin secretion, hematopoietic cell differentiation, vascular angiogenesis, cell migration, senescence, and wound-healing, among others.
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56 |
22795893
|
Also atypical is the activation of Cdk5 by binding of a non-cyclin activator protein, namely, the Cdk5 regulatory proteins Cdk5R1 (p35), truncated Cdk5R1 (p25), or Cdk5R2 (p39).
|
57 |
22795893
|
Recently, this concept of a canonical neuronal function of Cdk5 has been extended, if not challenged, by the observation of p35 and p39 expression, as well as Cdk5 activity, in multiple non-neuronal cells.
|
58 |
22795893
|
Extraneuronal Cdk5 regulates critical biological processes including transcript-selective translation control for regulation of macrophage gene expression, glucose-inducible insulin secretion, hematopoietic cell differentiation, vascular angiogenesis, cell migration, senescence, and wound-healing, among others.
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59 |
23029270
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Specific silencing of the REST target genes in insulin-secreting cells uncovers their participation in beta cell survival.
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60 |
23029270
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The absence of the transcriptional repressor RE-1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) in insulin-secreting beta cells is a major cue for the specific expression of a large number of genes.
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61 |
23029270
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To identify their functional significance, we have generated transgenic mice expressing REST in beta cells (RIP-REST mice), and previously discovered that REST target genes are essential to insulin exocytosis.
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62 |
23029270
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Screening for REST target genes identified several anti-apoptotic genes bearing the binding motif RE-1 that were downregulated upon REST expression in INS-1E cells, including Gjd2, Mapk8ip1, Irs2, Ptprn, and Cdk5r2.
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63 |
23029270
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Decreased levels of Cdk5r2 in beta cells of RIP-REST mice further confirmed that it is controlled by REST, in vivo.
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64 |
23029270
|
Together, these data document that a set of REST target genes, including Cdk5r2, is important for beta cell survival.
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65 |
23029270
|
Specific silencing of the REST target genes in insulin-secreting cells uncovers their participation in beta cell survival.
|
66 |
23029270
|
The absence of the transcriptional repressor RE-1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) in insulin-secreting beta cells is a major cue for the specific expression of a large number of genes.
|
67 |
23029270
|
To identify their functional significance, we have generated transgenic mice expressing REST in beta cells (RIP-REST mice), and previously discovered that REST target genes are essential to insulin exocytosis.
|
68 |
23029270
|
Screening for REST target genes identified several anti-apoptotic genes bearing the binding motif RE-1 that were downregulated upon REST expression in INS-1E cells, including Gjd2, Mapk8ip1, Irs2, Ptprn, and Cdk5r2.
|
69 |
23029270
|
Decreased levels of Cdk5r2 in beta cells of RIP-REST mice further confirmed that it is controlled by REST, in vivo.
|
70 |
23029270
|
Together, these data document that a set of REST target genes, including Cdk5r2, is important for beta cell survival.
|
71 |
23029270
|
Specific silencing of the REST target genes in insulin-secreting cells uncovers their participation in beta cell survival.
|
72 |
23029270
|
The absence of the transcriptional repressor RE-1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) in insulin-secreting beta cells is a major cue for the specific expression of a large number of genes.
|
73 |
23029270
|
To identify their functional significance, we have generated transgenic mice expressing REST in beta cells (RIP-REST mice), and previously discovered that REST target genes are essential to insulin exocytosis.
|
74 |
23029270
|
Screening for REST target genes identified several anti-apoptotic genes bearing the binding motif RE-1 that were downregulated upon REST expression in INS-1E cells, including Gjd2, Mapk8ip1, Irs2, Ptprn, and Cdk5r2.
|
75 |
23029270
|
Decreased levels of Cdk5r2 in beta cells of RIP-REST mice further confirmed that it is controlled by REST, in vivo.
|
76 |
23029270
|
Together, these data document that a set of REST target genes, including Cdk5r2, is important for beta cell survival.
|