Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: CNR2

Gene name: cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)

HGNC ID: 2160

Synonyms: CB2

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	CALCA	1 hits
2	CAT	1 hits
3	CNR1	1 hits
4	COX8A	1 hits
5	DAGLA	1 hits
6	DBT	1 hits
7	ERBB2	1 hits
8	F2R	1 hits
9	FAAH	1 hits
10	GPR18	1 hits
11	GPR55	1 hits
12	INS	1 hits
13	NOS1	1 hits
14	NOS2A	1 hits
15	PRKCA	1 hits
16	PTGS1	1 hits
17	SOD2	1 hits
18	TRPV1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	12069907	The CB(1) receptor antagonist SR141716A (100 nM), but not the CB(2) receptor antagonist SR144528 (100 nM), significantly attenuated the inhibitory action of CP55940.
2	12069907	The endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide (100 nM) inhibited capsaicin-evoked CGRP release in non-diabetic animals (28.88+/-7.12%, P<0.05) but neither the CB(1) nor the CB(2) receptor antagonist attenuated this action of anandamide.
3	12069907	The CB(1) receptor antagonist SR141716A (100 nM), but not the CB(2) receptor antagonist SR144528 (100 nM), significantly attenuated the inhibitory action of CP55940.
4	12069907	The endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide (100 nM) inhibited capsaicin-evoked CGRP release in non-diabetic animals (28.88+/-7.12%, P<0.05) but neither the CB(1) nor the CB(2) receptor antagonist attenuated this action of anandamide.
5	15519750	WIN 55,212-2, a mixed CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist, has been shown to be effective against hyperalgesia and allodynia in painful peripheral mononeuropathy.
6	15531508	Diabetic islets were characterized by reduced insulin content, decreased amount of mature insulin granules, impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, reduced insulin mRNA expression, and increased apoptosis with enhanced caspase-3 and -8 activity.
7	15531508	These alterations were associated with increased oxidative stress, as shown by higher nitrotyrosine concentrations, increased expression of protein kinase C-beta2 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced-oxidase, and changes in mRNA expression of manganese- superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase.
8	15793252	Metformin prevents glucose-induced protein kinase C-beta2 activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through an antioxidant mechanism.
9	16005906	An increasing number of cannabinoid actions are being reported that do not appear to be mediated by either CB1 or CB2, the known cannabinoid receptors.
10	17369778	The important elements of this system are: endocannabinoid receptors (types CB1 and CB2), their endogenous ligands (N-arachidonoylethanolamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol), enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation, as well as cannabinoid antagonists.
11	17369778	Rimonabant, a new and selective central and peripheral cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1) blocker, has been shown to reduce body weight and improve cardiovascular risk factor (metabolic syndrome) in obese patients by increasing HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin blood levels as well as decreasing LDL-cholesterol, leptin, and C-reactive protein (a proinflammatory marker) concentrations.
12	17667864	Endocannabinoids are endogenous phospholipid derivatives which bind and activate cannabinoid receptors type 1 and type 2 (CB1 and CB2 receptors).
13	17923791	The aim of this study was to elucidate the acute in vivo effects of insulin on gene expression of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB-1) and type 2 (CB-2) receptors, as well as of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the sc abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT).
14	17923791	The basal SCAAT gene expression pattern revealed an upregulation of the FAAH in the OB (p=0.03 vs L), whereas similar CB-1 and CB-2 mRNA levels were seen.
15	17923791	In contrast, insulin failed to significantly change both the adipose CB-1 and CB-2 gene expression.
16	17923791	Finally, the FAAH gene expression positively correlated with the fasting serum insulin concentration (r 0.66; p=0.01), whereas an inverse association with the whole-body glucose disposal (r -0.58; p<0.05) was seen.
17	17923791	The aim of this study was to elucidate the acute in vivo effects of insulin on gene expression of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB-1) and type 2 (CB-2) receptors, as well as of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the sc abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT).
18	17923791	The basal SCAAT gene expression pattern revealed an upregulation of the FAAH in the OB (p=0.03 vs L), whereas similar CB-1 and CB-2 mRNA levels were seen.
19	17923791	In contrast, insulin failed to significantly change both the adipose CB-1 and CB-2 gene expression.
20	17923791	Finally, the FAAH gene expression positively correlated with the fasting serum insulin concentration (r 0.66; p=0.01), whereas an inverse association with the whole-body glucose disposal (r -0.58; p<0.05) was seen.
21	17923791	The aim of this study was to elucidate the acute in vivo effects of insulin on gene expression of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB-1) and type 2 (CB-2) receptors, as well as of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the sc abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT).
22	17923791	The basal SCAAT gene expression pattern revealed an upregulation of the FAAH in the OB (p=0.03 vs L), whereas similar CB-1 and CB-2 mRNA levels were seen.
23	17923791	In contrast, insulin failed to significantly change both the adipose CB-1 and CB-2 gene expression.
24	17923791	Finally, the FAAH gene expression positively correlated with the fasting serum insulin concentration (r 0.66; p=0.01), whereas an inverse association with the whole-body glucose disposal (r -0.58; p<0.05) was seen.
25	18225447	The system has two receptor types, designated CB1 and CB2 (present respectively in the CNS and the periphery), as well as endogenous ligands (AEA and 2-AG) and equipment for transporting, synthesizing and degrading them.
26	18563385	Endocannabinoids (ECs) are defined as endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2).
27	18810243	The effect of CB-1 and CB-2 receptor agonists, as well as an influence of a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), L-NOArg, and an inhibitor acting preferentially on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), indomethacin, on the action of cannabinoid receptor agonists in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neuropathic model was investigated.
28	18810243	When administered alone, a non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN 55,212-2, a potentially selective CB-1 cannabinoid receptor agonist, Met-F-AEA, and a selective CB-2 cannabinoid receptor agonist, AM1241, dose-dependently reduced STZ-induced hyperalgesia.
29	18810243	The results of the present study also demonstrated that inhibitors of COX and NOS increase antihyperalgesic activity of low doses of CB-1 and CB-2 receptor agonists.
30	18810243	The effect of CB-1 and CB-2 receptor agonists, as well as an influence of a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), L-NOArg, and an inhibitor acting preferentially on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), indomethacin, on the action of cannabinoid receptor agonists in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neuropathic model was investigated.
31	18810243	When administered alone, a non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN 55,212-2, a potentially selective CB-1 cannabinoid receptor agonist, Met-F-AEA, and a selective CB-2 cannabinoid receptor agonist, AM1241, dose-dependently reduced STZ-induced hyperalgesia.
32	18810243	The results of the present study also demonstrated that inhibitors of COX and NOS increase antihyperalgesic activity of low doses of CB-1 and CB-2 receptor agonists.
33	18810243	The effect of CB-1 and CB-2 receptor agonists, as well as an influence of a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), L-NOArg, and an inhibitor acting preferentially on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), indomethacin, on the action of cannabinoid receptor agonists in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neuropathic model was investigated.
34	18810243	When administered alone, a non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN 55,212-2, a potentially selective CB-1 cannabinoid receptor agonist, Met-F-AEA, and a selective CB-2 cannabinoid receptor agonist, AM1241, dose-dependently reduced STZ-induced hyperalgesia.
35	18810243	The results of the present study also demonstrated that inhibitors of COX and NOS increase antihyperalgesic activity of low doses of CB-1 and CB-2 receptor agonists.
36	19357846	Endocannabinoids are endogenous bioactive lipid mediators present both in the brain and various peripheral tissues, which exert their biological effects via interaction with specific G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors, the CB(1) and CB(2).
37	19357846	Furthermore, tonic activation of CB(1) receptors by endocannabinoids has also been implicated in the development of various cardiovascular risk factors in obesity/metabolic syndrome and diabetes, such as plasma lipid alterations, abdominal obesity, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and insulin and leptin resistance.
38	19457575	With the recent discovery of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and the endocannabinoid system, research in this field has expanded exponentially.
39	19886064	It is composed of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, and their genes (CNR1 and CNR2), their endogenous ligands and the enzymes which mediate endogenous ligands' biosynthesis and degradation.
40	20798502	Endocannabinoid lipids are known to exert orexigenic effects via central cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, which have also been identified in islet endocrine cells.
41	20798502	However, there is no consensus on whether the receptors are expressed by beta-cells, nor what effect CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists have on insulin secretion.
42	20798502	MIN6 beta-cells express the cannabinoid synthesising enzyme diacylglycerol lipase and CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are coupled to inhibition of beta-cell cyclic AMP generation and stimulation of intracellular calcium levels.
43	20798502	Synthesis of endocannabinoids by beta-cells may provide an additional mechanism for stimulation of insulin secretion through activation of beta-cell CB1 and/or CB2 cannabinoid receptors.
44	20798502	Endocannabinoid lipids are known to exert orexigenic effects via central cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, which have also been identified in islet endocrine cells.
45	20798502	However, there is no consensus on whether the receptors are expressed by beta-cells, nor what effect CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists have on insulin secretion.
46	20798502	MIN6 beta-cells express the cannabinoid synthesising enzyme diacylglycerol lipase and CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are coupled to inhibition of beta-cell cyclic AMP generation and stimulation of intracellular calcium levels.
47	20798502	Synthesis of endocannabinoids by beta-cells may provide an additional mechanism for stimulation of insulin secretion through activation of beta-cell CB1 and/or CB2 cannabinoid receptors.
48	20798502	Endocannabinoid lipids are known to exert orexigenic effects via central cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, which have also been identified in islet endocrine cells.
49	20798502	However, there is no consensus on whether the receptors are expressed by beta-cells, nor what effect CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists have on insulin secretion.
50	20798502	MIN6 beta-cells express the cannabinoid synthesising enzyme diacylglycerol lipase and CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are coupled to inhibition of beta-cell cyclic AMP generation and stimulation of intracellular calcium levels.
51	20798502	Synthesis of endocannabinoids by beta-cells may provide an additional mechanism for stimulation of insulin secretion through activation of beta-cell CB1 and/or CB2 cannabinoid receptors.
52	20798502	Endocannabinoid lipids are known to exert orexigenic effects via central cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, which have also been identified in islet endocrine cells.
53	20798502	However, there is no consensus on whether the receptors are expressed by beta-cells, nor what effect CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists have on insulin secretion.
54	20798502	MIN6 beta-cells express the cannabinoid synthesising enzyme diacylglycerol lipase and CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are coupled to inhibition of beta-cell cyclic AMP generation and stimulation of intracellular calcium levels.
55	20798502	Synthesis of endocannabinoids by beta-cells may provide an additional mechanism for stimulation of insulin secretion through activation of beta-cell CB1 and/or CB2 cannabinoid receptors.
56	21099327	CB1 and CB2 mRNA and protein expression by islets was detected by RT-PCR and western blotting respectively, and cellular location of the receptors was identified by immunohistochemistry with insulin and glucagon antibody co-staining.
57	21099327	We found that mouse islets expressed both CB1 and CB2 receptors, and they were localised to β-cells.
58	21099327	Activation of mouse β-cell CB1 and CB2 receptors resulted in decreased cyclic AMP, increased calcium and potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
59	21099327	CB1 and CB2 mRNA and protein expression by islets was detected by RT-PCR and western blotting respectively, and cellular location of the receptors was identified by immunohistochemistry with insulin and glucagon antibody co-staining.
60	21099327	We found that mouse islets expressed both CB1 and CB2 receptors, and they were localised to β-cells.
61	21099327	Activation of mouse β-cell CB1 and CB2 receptors resulted in decreased cyclic AMP, increased calcium and potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
62	21099327	CB1 and CB2 mRNA and protein expression by islets was detected by RT-PCR and western blotting respectively, and cellular location of the receptors was identified by immunohistochemistry with insulin and glucagon antibody co-staining.
63	21099327	We found that mouse islets expressed both CB1 and CB2 receptors, and they were localised to β-cells.
64	21099327	Activation of mouse β-cell CB1 and CB2 receptors resulted in decreased cyclic AMP, increased calcium and potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
65	21220919	Endogenous endocannabinoids bind to cannabinoid receptors; namely CB1, CB2, TRPV1 and GPR55, to activate intracellular pathways that control many cellular functions.
66	21220919	Characterisation of HK2 cells demonstrated that mRNA and protein for CB1, CB2, TRPV1 and GPR55 occurs in these cells.
67	21220919	In general, treatment with CB1 antagonist AM-251, reduces hypertrophy while treatment with CB2 (AM-630) and TRPV1 (SB-366791) antagonists increases hypertrophy.
68	21220919	Endogenous endocannabinoids bind to cannabinoid receptors; namely CB1, CB2, TRPV1 and GPR55, to activate intracellular pathways that control many cellular functions.
69	21220919	Characterisation of HK2 cells demonstrated that mRNA and protein for CB1, CB2, TRPV1 and GPR55 occurs in these cells.
70	21220919	In general, treatment with CB1 antagonist AM-251, reduces hypertrophy while treatment with CB2 (AM-630) and TRPV1 (SB-366791) antagonists increases hypertrophy.
71	21220919	Endogenous endocannabinoids bind to cannabinoid receptors; namely CB1, CB2, TRPV1 and GPR55, to activate intracellular pathways that control many cellular functions.
72	21220919	Characterisation of HK2 cells demonstrated that mRNA and protein for CB1, CB2, TRPV1 and GPR55 occurs in these cells.
73	21220919	In general, treatment with CB1 antagonist AM-251, reduces hypertrophy while treatment with CB2 (AM-630) and TRPV1 (SB-366791) antagonists increases hypertrophy.
74	22179809	We analyzed CB1, CB2, and GPR55 gene expression and circulating LPI levels in two independent cohorts of obese and lean subjects, with both normal or impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes.
75	22609797	Selective CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid antagonists were used to characterize WIN antineuropathic effects.
76	22959964	AM404, an anandamide (AEA) re-uptake inhibitor, AEA (an agonist of CB1/CB2 receptors) or ACEA (a selective CB1 receptor agonist) induced antinociception in both phases of formalin test in Ngl and Dbt rats.
77	22959964	In both groups, the antinociceptive effect of ACEA was prevented by AM251, a CB1 inverse agonist while the antinociceptive effect of AEA was prevented by AM251 or AM630, a CB2 receptor antagonist.
78	22959964	AM404, an anandamide (AEA) re-uptake inhibitor, AEA (an agonist of CB1/CB2 receptors) or ACEA (a selective CB1 receptor agonist) induced antinociception in both phases of formalin test in Ngl and Dbt rats.
79	22959964	In both groups, the antinociceptive effect of ACEA was prevented by AM251, a CB1 inverse agonist while the antinociceptive effect of AEA was prevented by AM251 or AM630, a CB2 receptor antagonist.
80	23679955	Antagonists for the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55 based on a coumarin scaffold.
81	23679955	The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55, which is activated by 1-lysophosphatidylinositol and interacts with cannabinoid (CB) receptor ligands, has been proposed as a new potential drug target for the treatment of diabetes, Parkinson's disease, neuropathic pain, and cancer.
82	23679955	Selectivity versus the related receptors CB1, CB2, and GPR18 was assessed.
83	23892011	In normal mice, injection of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN-55,212-2 (1 and 3μg, i.t.) dose-dependently prolonged the tail-flick latency, whereas there were no changes with the injection of either cannabinoid CB1 (AM 251, 1 μg, i.t.) or CB2 (AM 630, 4 μg, i.t.) receptor antagonists.
84	23892011	The protein levels of cannabinoid CB1 receptors, CB2 receptors and diacylglycerol lipase α (DGL-α), the enzyme that synthesizes endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, in the spinal cord were examined using Western blotting.
85	23892011	The protein levels of both cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors were increased in STZ-induced diabetic mice, whereas the protein level of DGL-α was significantly decreased.
86	23892011	In normal mice, injection of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN-55,212-2 (1 and 3μg, i.t.) dose-dependently prolonged the tail-flick latency, whereas there were no changes with the injection of either cannabinoid CB1 (AM 251, 1 μg, i.t.) or CB2 (AM 630, 4 μg, i.t.) receptor antagonists.
87	23892011	The protein levels of cannabinoid CB1 receptors, CB2 receptors and diacylglycerol lipase α (DGL-α), the enzyme that synthesizes endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, in the spinal cord were examined using Western blotting.
88	23892011	The protein levels of both cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors were increased in STZ-induced diabetic mice, whereas the protein level of DGL-α was significantly decreased.
89	23892011	In normal mice, injection of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN-55,212-2 (1 and 3μg, i.t.) dose-dependently prolonged the tail-flick latency, whereas there were no changes with the injection of either cannabinoid CB1 (AM 251, 1 μg, i.t.) or CB2 (AM 630, 4 μg, i.t.) receptor antagonists.
90	23892011	The protein levels of cannabinoid CB1 receptors, CB2 receptors and diacylglycerol lipase α (DGL-α), the enzyme that synthesizes endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, in the spinal cord were examined using Western blotting.
91	23892011	The protein levels of both cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors were increased in STZ-induced diabetic mice, whereas the protein level of DGL-α was significantly decreased.