Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: CTSS

Gene name: cathepsin S

HGNC ID: 2545

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ADIPOQ	1 hits
2	AGT	1 hits
3	APLP2	1 hits
4	CCL2	1 hits
5	CRP	1 hits
6	CST3	1 hits
7	CTSB	1 hits
8	CTSK	1 hits
9	CTSL1	1 hits
10	EGF	1 hits
11	HGF	1 hits
12	IL10	1 hits
13	IL1A	1 hits
14	IL1B	1 hits
15	IL1RN	1 hits
16	IL6	1 hits
17	IL8	1 hits
18	INS	1 hits
19	LEP	1 hits
20	RETN	1 hits
21	TGFB1	1 hits
22	TIMP1	1 hits
23	TNF	1 hits
24	VEGFA	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	8397128	After 5 wk of diabetes, cathepsin activities either were unchanged (for cathepsin B and L together or cathepsin S) or increased (cathepsin B alone) in insulin-treated diabetic rats, and continued to be decreased in untreated diabetic rats.
2	16140306	We have demonstrated enhanced elastolytic cathepsin S in human atherosclerotic lesions but insufficient amounts of its endogenous inhibitor cystatin C, suggesting alterations of serum cathepsin S and/or cystatin C in patients with atherosclerosis or diabetes.
3	16140306	In this study, we measured levels of both cathepsin S and cystatin C in sera from 240 patients by ELISA.
4	16140306	Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that significantly higher serum levels of cathepsin S in patients with either atherosclerotic stenosis (p<0.04) or diabetes (p=0.0005) persisted after adjustment for cystatin C level, renal function, smoking, and serum glucose levels (p=0.008, p=0.0005).
5	16140306	Furthermore, patients with acute (p=0.009) or previous myocardial infarction (p<0.02) or unstable angina pectoris (p<0.05) had elevated levels of cathepsin S after adjustment for smoking, creatinine, cystatin C, and serum glucose.
6	16140306	Although the pathophysiology of cathepsin S or cystatin C in atherosclerosis and diabetes requires further investigation, increased serum cathepsin S may serve as a biomarker for both diseases.
7	16140306	We have demonstrated enhanced elastolytic cathepsin S in human atherosclerotic lesions but insufficient amounts of its endogenous inhibitor cystatin C, suggesting alterations of serum cathepsin S and/or cystatin C in patients with atherosclerosis or diabetes.
8	16140306	In this study, we measured levels of both cathepsin S and cystatin C in sera from 240 patients by ELISA.
9	16140306	Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that significantly higher serum levels of cathepsin S in patients with either atherosclerotic stenosis (p<0.04) or diabetes (p=0.0005) persisted after adjustment for cystatin C level, renal function, smoking, and serum glucose levels (p=0.008, p=0.0005).
10	16140306	Furthermore, patients with acute (p=0.009) or previous myocardial infarction (p<0.02) or unstable angina pectoris (p<0.05) had elevated levels of cathepsin S after adjustment for smoking, creatinine, cystatin C, and serum glucose.
11	16140306	Although the pathophysiology of cathepsin S or cystatin C in atherosclerosis and diabetes requires further investigation, increased serum cathepsin S may serve as a biomarker for both diseases.
12	16140306	We have demonstrated enhanced elastolytic cathepsin S in human atherosclerotic lesions but insufficient amounts of its endogenous inhibitor cystatin C, suggesting alterations of serum cathepsin S and/or cystatin C in patients with atherosclerosis or diabetes.
13	16140306	In this study, we measured levels of both cathepsin S and cystatin C in sera from 240 patients by ELISA.
14	16140306	Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that significantly higher serum levels of cathepsin S in patients with either atherosclerotic stenosis (p<0.04) or diabetes (p=0.0005) persisted after adjustment for cystatin C level, renal function, smoking, and serum glucose levels (p=0.008, p=0.0005).
15	16140306	Furthermore, patients with acute (p=0.009) or previous myocardial infarction (p<0.02) or unstable angina pectoris (p<0.05) had elevated levels of cathepsin S after adjustment for smoking, creatinine, cystatin C, and serum glucose.
16	16140306	Although the pathophysiology of cathepsin S or cystatin C in atherosclerosis and diabetes requires further investigation, increased serum cathepsin S may serve as a biomarker for both diseases.
17	16140306	We have demonstrated enhanced elastolytic cathepsin S in human atherosclerotic lesions but insufficient amounts of its endogenous inhibitor cystatin C, suggesting alterations of serum cathepsin S and/or cystatin C in patients with atherosclerosis or diabetes.
18	16140306	In this study, we measured levels of both cathepsin S and cystatin C in sera from 240 patients by ELISA.
19	16140306	Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that significantly higher serum levels of cathepsin S in patients with either atherosclerotic stenosis (p<0.04) or diabetes (p=0.0005) persisted after adjustment for cystatin C level, renal function, smoking, and serum glucose levels (p=0.008, p=0.0005).
20	16140306	Furthermore, patients with acute (p=0.009) or previous myocardial infarction (p<0.02) or unstable angina pectoris (p<0.05) had elevated levels of cathepsin S after adjustment for smoking, creatinine, cystatin C, and serum glucose.
21	16140306	Although the pathophysiology of cathepsin S or cystatin C in atherosclerosis and diabetes requires further investigation, increased serum cathepsin S may serve as a biomarker for both diseases.
22	16140306	We have demonstrated enhanced elastolytic cathepsin S in human atherosclerotic lesions but insufficient amounts of its endogenous inhibitor cystatin C, suggesting alterations of serum cathepsin S and/or cystatin C in patients with atherosclerosis or diabetes.
23	16140306	In this study, we measured levels of both cathepsin S and cystatin C in sera from 240 patients by ELISA.
24	16140306	Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that significantly higher serum levels of cathepsin S in patients with either atherosclerotic stenosis (p<0.04) or diabetes (p=0.0005) persisted after adjustment for cystatin C level, renal function, smoking, and serum glucose levels (p=0.008, p=0.0005).
25	16140306	Furthermore, patients with acute (p=0.009) or previous myocardial infarction (p<0.02) or unstable angina pectoris (p<0.05) had elevated levels of cathepsin S after adjustment for smoking, creatinine, cystatin C, and serum glucose.
26	16140306	Although the pathophysiology of cathepsin S or cystatin C in atherosclerosis and diabetes requires further investigation, increased serum cathepsin S may serve as a biomarker for both diseases.
27	16671891	It is shown that MGX (methylglyoxal), GO (glyoxal) and glycolaldehyde, but not hydroxyacetone and glucose, inhibit catB (cathepsin B), catL (cathepsin L) and catS (cathepsin S) activity in macrophage cell lysates, in a concentration-dependent manner.
28	17027526	The central theme of this chapter is that human adipose tissue is a potent source of inflammatory interleukins plus other cytokines and that the majority of this release is due to the nonfat cells in the adipose tissue except for leptin and adiponectin that are primarily secreted by adipocytes.
29	17027526	Human adipocytes secrete at least as much plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), MCP-1, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and IL-6 in vitro as they do leptin but the nonfat cells of adipose tissue secrete even more of these proteins.
30	17027526	The amount of serum amyloid A proteins 1 & 2 (SAA 1 & 2), haptoglobin, nerve growth factor (NGF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and PAI-1 secreted by the adipocytes derived from a gram of adipose tissue is 144%, 75%, 72%, 37%, and 23%, respectively, of that by the nonfat cells derived from the same amount of human adipose tissue.
31	17027526	However, the release of IL-8, MCP-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TGF-beta1, IL-6, PGE(2), TNF-alpha, cathepsin S, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IL-1beta, IL-10, resistin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) by adipocytes is less than 12% of that by the nonfat cells present in human adipose tissue.
32	17027526	Obesity markedly elevates the total release of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 by adipose tissue but only that of TNF-alpha is enhanced in adipocytes.
33	17027526	Visceral adipose tissue also releases more VEGF, resistin, IL-6, PAI-1, TGF-beta1, IL-8, and IL-10 per gram of tissue than does abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue.
34	17027526	In conclusion, there is an increasing recognition that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes leptin and adiponectin along with a host of other paracrine and endocrine factors in addition to free fatty acids.
35	17679816	That adipose tissue releases a wide range of adipokines, growth factors, enzymes, and enzyme substrates linked to vascular injury provides a plausible explanation for the role of fat in vascular disease: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, resistin, interleukin-1, -6, -8, and -18, serum amyloid A, monocyte chemoattractant protein I, macrophage inhibitory factor, aortic carboxypeptidase, hepa-rin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, angiotensinogen, cathepsin S, estradiol, cortisol, mineralocorticoid releasing factor, and calcitonin peptides are probable fat-derived prothrombotic, proinflammatory, and proatherosclerotic agents acting in a paracrine and/or endocrine manner.
36	17679816	Other adipocyte products such as adiponectin, transforming growth factor beta, and interleukin-10 exert some antiatherogenic effects.
37	20610597	Serum cathepsin S is associated with serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 independently of obesity in elderly men.
38	21321479	Cathepsin B-specific inhibitors, CA-074 and CA-030, and cathepsin L specific inhibitors, CLIK-148 and CLIK-195, were designed as the epoxysuccinate derivatives.
39	21321479	Cathepsin S inhibitor, CLIK-060, and cathepsin K inhibitor, CLIK-166, were synthesized.
40	21321479	Cathepsin L also enhances insulin-induced glucose uptake into 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting cathepsin L plays the roles in adipogenesis and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes.
41	22138416	Levels of adiponectin (P = 0.006), cathepsin S (P = 0.001), and leptin (P = 0.041) were significantly elevated in the PVR group as compared to the RRD group.
42	22138416	After correction for diabetes, body mass index (BMI), macular involvement, and preoperative PVR, the association between postoperative PVR development and adiponectin, cathepsin S, and TIMP-1 remained statistically significant (P < 0.05), whereas the significant correlation between PVR and elevated leptin levels was lost (P = 0.068).
43	22138416	There were no significant differences in levels of chemerin (P = 0.351) and adipsin (P = 0.915).
44	22138416	Levels of adiponectin (P = 0.006), cathepsin S (P = 0.001), and leptin (P = 0.041) were significantly elevated in the PVR group as compared to the RRD group.
45	22138416	After correction for diabetes, body mass index (BMI), macular involvement, and preoperative PVR, the association between postoperative PVR development and adiponectin, cathepsin S, and TIMP-1 remained statistically significant (P < 0.05), whereas the significant correlation between PVR and elevated leptin levels was lost (P = 0.068).
46	22138416	There were no significant differences in levels of chemerin (P = 0.351) and adipsin (P = 0.915).
47	22922382	We subsequently demonstrated that the attenuated activity we observed resulted from binding between cathepsin S and its endogenous inhibitor cystatin C in plasma.
48	22922382	Although many laboratories have explored the relationship between cathepsin S and cystatin C, this is the first study to demonstrate their association in human circulation, a finding that could prove to be important in furthering our understanding of cathepsin S biology.
49	22922382	We subsequently demonstrated that the attenuated activity we observed resulted from binding between cathepsin S and its endogenous inhibitor cystatin C in plasma.
50	22922382	Although many laboratories have explored the relationship between cathepsin S and cystatin C, this is the first study to demonstrate their association in human circulation, a finding that could prove to be important in furthering our understanding of cathepsin S biology.
51	22923671	Serum cathepsin S is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and the development of type 2 diabetes in a community-based cohort of elderly men.