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9033268
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We have examined the immunolocalization of AGEs and AGE-R components R1 and R2 in the retinal vasculature at 2, 4, and 8 months after STZ-induced diabetes as well as in nondiabetic rats infused with AGE bovine serum albumin for 2 weeks.
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2 |
9033268
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Using polyclonal or monoclonal anti-AGE antibodies and polyclonal antibodies to recombinant AGE-R1 and AGE-R2, immunoreactivity (IR) was examined in the complete retinal vascular tree after isolation by trypsin digestion.
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3 |
9356040
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These effects could be exerted via an AGE-receptor-mediated upregulation of growth factors, such as the IGFs and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta).
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4 |
9356040
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We tested this hypothesis in human and rat mesangial cells grown on nonglycated or native bovine serum albumin (BSA), glycated BSA with AGE formation (BSA-AGE), or glycated BSA in which AGE formation was prevented by the use of aminoguanidine (BSA-AM), in the presence or absence of an antibody, alpha-p60, directed against the p60/OST protein named AGE-receptor 1 (AGE-R1), or normal control (pre-immune) serum.
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5 |
9356040
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The mRNA and/or protein levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF receptors, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), TGF-beta1 and the ECM components fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV were measured, together with cell proliferation.
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6 |
9356040
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Both human and rat mesangial cells grown on BSA-AGE showed increased IGF-I and total and bioactive TGF-beta medium levels and enhanced IGF-I, IGF-II, and TGF-beta1 gene expression, compared with cells grown on BSA, whereas total IGFBP and IGFBP-3 medium content, IGF receptor density and affinity, and IGF-I receptor transcripts were unchanged.
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7 |
9356040
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Co-incubation of BSA-AGE with anti-AGE-R1, but not with pre-immune serum, prevented AGE-induced increases in IGF-I, TGF-beta1, and ECM production or gene expression; anti-AGE-R1 also reduced growth factor and matrix synthesis in cells grown on BSA.
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8 |
9356040
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These results demonstrate that mesangial IGF and TGF-beta1 synthesis is upregulated by AGE-modified proteins through an AGE-receptor-mediated mechanism.
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9 |
9356040
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These effects could be exerted via an AGE-receptor-mediated upregulation of growth factors, such as the IGFs and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta).
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10 |
9356040
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We tested this hypothesis in human and rat mesangial cells grown on nonglycated or native bovine serum albumin (BSA), glycated BSA with AGE formation (BSA-AGE), or glycated BSA in which AGE formation was prevented by the use of aminoguanidine (BSA-AM), in the presence or absence of an antibody, alpha-p60, directed against the p60/OST protein named AGE-receptor 1 (AGE-R1), or normal control (pre-immune) serum.
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11 |
9356040
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The mRNA and/or protein levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF receptors, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), TGF-beta1 and the ECM components fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV were measured, together with cell proliferation.
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12 |
9356040
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Both human and rat mesangial cells grown on BSA-AGE showed increased IGF-I and total and bioactive TGF-beta medium levels and enhanced IGF-I, IGF-II, and TGF-beta1 gene expression, compared with cells grown on BSA, whereas total IGFBP and IGFBP-3 medium content, IGF receptor density and affinity, and IGF-I receptor transcripts were unchanged.
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13 |
9356040
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Co-incubation of BSA-AGE with anti-AGE-R1, but not with pre-immune serum, prevented AGE-induced increases in IGF-I, TGF-beta1, and ECM production or gene expression; anti-AGE-R1 also reduced growth factor and matrix synthesis in cells grown on BSA.
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14 |
9356040
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These results demonstrate that mesangial IGF and TGF-beta1 synthesis is upregulated by AGE-modified proteins through an AGE-receptor-mediated mechanism.
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15 |
9846883
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AGE-binding receptors are: scavenger receptors types I and II, the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), oligosaccharyl transferase-48 (OST-48, AGE-R1), 80K-H phosphoprotein (AGE-R2) and galectin-3 (AGE-R3).
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16 |
9846883
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Scavenger receptors have only been shown to bind proteins modified by AGE to a much higher extent than found in vivo. 80K-H phosphoprotein is involved in FGFR3 signal transduction to MAP kinase, and may be involved in AGE-receptor signal transduction.
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17 |
10080935
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The AGE-receptor complex, originally described as p60 and p90, has been characterised in hemopoietic cells and the component proteins identified and designated AGE-R1, -R2 and -R3.
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18 |
10080935
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Western blotting of whole cell and PM fractions, before and after exposure to AGE-BSA, revealed that AGE-R1, -R2 and -R3 are subject to upregulation upon exposure to their ligand, a phenomenon which was also demonstrated by immunofluorescence of non-permeabilised cells. mRNA expression of each AGE-receptor component was apparent in HUVECs, with the AGE-R2 and -R3 gene expression being upregulated upon exposure to AGEs in a time-dependent manner.
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19 |
10080935
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The AGE-receptor complex, originally described as p60 and p90, has been characterised in hemopoietic cells and the component proteins identified and designated AGE-R1, -R2 and -R3.
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20 |
10080935
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Western blotting of whole cell and PM fractions, before and after exposure to AGE-BSA, revealed that AGE-R1, -R2 and -R3 are subject to upregulation upon exposure to their ligand, a phenomenon which was also demonstrated by immunofluorescence of non-permeabilised cells. mRNA expression of each AGE-receptor component was apparent in HUVECs, with the AGE-R2 and -R3 gene expression being upregulated upon exposure to AGEs in a time-dependent manner.
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21 |
11334430
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Four putative AGE receptors (RAGEs), AGE-R1, AGE-R2, and AGE-R3 have been described.
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22 |
11689472
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Accelerated diabetic glomerulopathy in galectin-3/AGE receptor 3 knockout mice.
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23 |
11689472
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We investigated the role of galectin-3, a multifunctional lectin with (anti)adhesive and growth-regulating properties, as an AGE receptor and its contribution to the development of diabetic glomerular disease, using a knockout mouse model.
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24 |
11689472
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This was associated with a more marked renal/glomerular AGE accumulation, indicating it was attributable to the lack of galectin-3 AGE receptor function.
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25 |
11689472
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The galectin-3-deficient genotype was associated with reduced expression of receptors implicated in AGE removal (macrophage scavenger receptor A and AGE-R1) and increased expression of those mediating cell activation (RAGE and AGE-R2).
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26 |
11689472
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These results show that the galectin-3-regulated AGE receptor pathway is operating in vivo and protects toward AGE-induced tissue injury in contrast to that through RAGE.
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27 |
11872368
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Five AGE receptors identified so far are receptor for AGE (RAGE), 80 K-H, OST-48, galectin-3, and macrophage scavenger receptor, types I and II (SR-A) [Eur.
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28 |
12874444
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The AGE receptors include RAGE, the macrophage scavenger receptors, OST-48 (AGE-R1), 80K-H (AGE-R2), and galectin-3 (AGE-R3).
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29 |
12874444
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The lack of transmembrane anchor sequence or signal peptide suggests that it is associated with other AGE receptors, possibly AGE-R1 and AGE-R2, to form an AGE-receptor complex, rather than playing an independent role.
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30 |
12874444
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This was associated with a more marked renal/glomerular AGE accumulation, suggesting that it was attributable to the lack of galectin-3 AGE-receptor function.
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31 |
12874444
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The AGE receptors include RAGE, the macrophage scavenger receptors, OST-48 (AGE-R1), 80K-H (AGE-R2), and galectin-3 (AGE-R3).
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32 |
12874444
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The lack of transmembrane anchor sequence or signal peptide suggests that it is associated with other AGE receptors, possibly AGE-R1 and AGE-R2, to form an AGE-receptor complex, rather than playing an independent role.
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33 |
12874444
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This was associated with a more marked renal/glomerular AGE accumulation, suggesting that it was attributable to the lack of galectin-3 AGE-receptor function.
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34 |
15289604
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However, AGE-stimulated NF-kappaB activity and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p44/42) phosphorylation were found markedly suppressed in R1-MC.
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35 |
15289604
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AGE stimulation elicited NF-kappaB and MAPK activities in RAGE-Chinese hamster ovary cells; however, after cotransfection with R1, these responses were suppressed.
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36 |
15289604
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Also, after silencing endogenous R1 in wild-type MC by R1 small interfering RNA, AGE-mediated MAPK/p44/42 activation exceeded by >2-fold that of mock-MC, consistent with loss of the activation-inhibitory properties of native AGE-R1.
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37 |
16648883
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This process appears to be tightly controlled by AGE clearance receptor complexes containing AGE-R1, AGE-R2 and AGE-R3 and scavenger receptors such as CD36, SR-AII and SR-BI.
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38 |
20490454
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DDOST, PRKCSH and LGALS3, which encode AGE-receptors 1, 2 and 3, respectively, are not associated with diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.
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39 |
22250649
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The receptor for AGE (RAGE) and AGE-receptor-1 (AGE-R1) are of particular interest, given that studies have demonstrated the deleterious effects of RAGE modulation and the protection afforded by AGE-R1 in the context of diabetes.
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