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PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
1350762
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We have now used DNase-I hypersensitivity studies to identify a possible binding site for this factor at around -3.6 kilobases (kb) of the TAT gene.
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2 |
1448110
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Structural and functional analysis of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene promoter.
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3 |
1448110
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The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-I-R) gene is expressed in most body tissues.
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4 |
1448110
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Transient transfection assays were complemented with gel-retardation assays and DNase I footprinting experiments, which showed that transcription factor Sp1 is potentially an important regulator of IGF-I-R gene expression.
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5 |
1696196
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Here, we demonstrate the kinetic increase in specific binding of monoclonal antibodies to thrombospondin (P10) and to platelet membrane activation markers CD63 (GP53, a 53 kD lysosomal protein) and CD62 (GMP140, a 140 kD alpha granule protein) by using a flow-cytometric bio-assay and the related change in the actin status by using the DNase-I inhibition assay after stimulation of normal human platelets with 0.2 U/ml thrombin.
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6 |
1696196
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Simultaneously, the percentage of P10, CD63, and CD62 positive platelets was elevated from 5.4%, 24.4%, and 9.1% to 67.4%, 80.2%, and 82.3% respectively.
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7 |
1696196
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The mean number of P10, CD63, and CD62 antibody binding sites increased from 3,300, 1,715, and 2,146 to 6,400, 6,800, and 9,016 per platelet.
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8 |
1901656
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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone regulation of human TSHB expression: role of a pituitary-specific transcription factor (Pit-1/GHF-1) and potential interaction with a thyroid hormone-inhibitory element.
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9 |
1901656
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Regulation of human thyrotropin beta subunit gene (TSHB) expression by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was examined in a clonal rat pituitary-cell line (GH3).
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10 |
1901656
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The upstream site contains a DNA sequence with close homology to the DNA-binding site for a pituitary-specific transcriptional factor Pit-1/GHF-1.
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11 |
1901656
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DNase I footprinting analysis of mouse thyrotropic tumor extract as well as DNA-transfection studies using an expression vector containing an N-terminal deletion of Pit-1/GHF-1 cDNA suggest that Pit-1/GHF-1 or a closely related protein in the thyrotroph mediates TRH responsiveness of this gene.
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12 |
1901656
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The location of a TRH-stimulatory element near a thyroid hormone-inhibitory element may allow for fine control of TSHB expression in vivo.
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13 |
2017165
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Transcriptional role of a conserved GATA-1 site in the human epsilon-globin gene promoter.
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14 |
2017165
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We have analyzed protein-DNA interactions in the epsilon-globin promoter region by DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift experiments using nuclear extracts from K562 human erythroid cells and from nonerythroid HeLa cells.
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15 |
2160585
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Developmental regulation of topoisomerase II sites and DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the chicken beta-globin locus.
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16 |
2160585
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We have mapped DNase I-hypersensitive sites and topoisomerase II (topo II) sites in the chicken beta-globin locus, which contains four globin genes (5'-rho-beta H-beta A-epsilon-3').
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17 |
2160585
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Developmental regulation of topoisomerase II sites and DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the chicken beta-globin locus.
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18 |
2160585
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We have mapped DNase I-hypersensitive sites and topoisomerase II (topo II) sites in the chicken beta-globin locus, which contains four globin genes (5'-rho-beta H-beta A-epsilon-3').
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19 |
2162754
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To identify these sites, the deduced amino acid sequence of the 3T3-L1 adipocyte insulin receptor of the mouse was determined.
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20 |
2162754
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Amino acid and radiochemical sequence analysis of the purified tryptic [32P]phosphopeptide revealed that pp15 is the phosphorylation product of 422(aP2) protein, a 15,000-Mr adipocyte protein whose cDNA we previously cloned and sequenced. 422(aP2) protein was found to bind fatty acids.
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21 |
2162754
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When exposed to a free fatty acid, notably oleic acid, 422(aP2) protein becomes an excellent substrate of the isolated insulin-receptor tyrosine kinase.
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22 |
2162754
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DNase I footprinting with nuclear extracts from 3T3-L1 cells revealed that a differentiation-specific nuclear factor binds to the GLUT4 promoter.
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23 |
2175398
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It was however, abolished when DNase I hypersensitive sites (normally found 65 to 44 kilobases (kb) upstream) were linked to the human beta-globin transgene.
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24 |
2453359
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We have investigated chromatin structure in the beta-globin gene region of the K562 human erythroleukemic cell line by using S1 and DNase I nuclease sensitivity assays.
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25 |
7491107
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Regulation of insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene expression by Sp1: physical and functional interactions of Sp1 at GC boxes and at a CT element.
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26 |
7491107
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The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor mediates signal transduction by the IGFs and plays a critical role in growth and development.
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27 |
7491107
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The proximal promoter region of the rat IGF-I receptor gene contains multiple Sp1 consensus-binding sites (GC boxes).
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28 |
7491107
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DNase I footprinting studies with purified Sp1 protein revealed four GC boxes in the 5'-flanking region of the promoter and one homopurine/homopyrimidine motif (CT element) in the 5'-untranslated region that bound Sp1.
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29 |
7491107
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Taken together, these results demonstrate that Sp1 can regulate expression of the IGF-I receptor promoter by acting both on GC boxes in the 5'-flanking region of the promoter and on a CT element in the 5'-untranslated region.
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30 |
7693708
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Three clustered Sp1 sites are required for efficient transcription of the TATA-less promoter of the gene for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 from the rat.
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31 |
7693708
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Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGF-BP-2) transcription in rat liver varies with developmental age and fasting.
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32 |
7693708
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In DNase I foot-printing assays using native nt -276 to -36 promoter fragments or fragments containing block substitution mutations, BRL-3A nuclear extract and purified human transcription factor Sp1 protected a region from nt -234 to -215 containing one GC box and a broad region from nt -189 to -125 that contained three clustered but independent GC boxes.
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33 |
7693708
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The proximal three GC boxes were sufficient to allow trans-activation of the IGFBP-2 promoter by Sp1 in Drosophila SL2 cells.
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34 |
7693708
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Thus, binding of Sp1 or Sp1-related proteins to three clustered GC boxes in the proximal IGFBP-2 promoter is essential for promoter activity.
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35 |
7798259
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Upstream of the chicken beta-globin gene cluster are four DNase I-hypersensitive sites (HS1-4).
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36 |
7828540
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Characterization of an up-stream thyroid transcription factor-1-binding site in the thyrotropin receptor promoter.
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37 |
7828540
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A thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1)-binding element in the rat TSH receptor (TSHR) promoter, between -189 and -175 basepairs (bp), is important for both thyroid-specific expression and thyroid-specific TSH/cAMP autoregulation of the TSHR.
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38 |
7828540
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Sequence analysis identifies a potential TTF-1 site at -878 bp; deoxyribonuclease-I footprinting shows that the -881 to -866 bp region is protected by recombinant TTF-1 protein and by nuclear extracts from FRTL-5 thyroid cells that contain TTF-1, but not by extracts from nonfunctioning FRT thyroid or Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells, which have no TTF-1, or by Pax-8.
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39 |
7828540
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FRTL-5, but not FRT or BRL cell nuclear extracts, form a specific protein-DNA complex with this region in gel mobility shift analyses; its formation is prevented by TTF-1-binding elements from the thyroglobulin promoter.
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40 |
7828540
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There is a greater increase, 3-vs. 2-fold (P < 0.05), when TSHR promoter-CAT chimeras, which contain the up-stream TTF-1 element, pTRCAT5'-907 or pTRCAT5'-886, as opposed to those in which it is deleted, pTRCAT5'-907 delta USTTF-1, are transfected into FRTL-5 cells or cotransfected with a TTF-1 expression vector into BRL cells, which have no endogenous TTF-1.
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41 |
7828540
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Like the down-stream TSHR TTF-1-binding site, the up-stream TTF-1 site is different from TTF-1 sites in the thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase promoter, in that it does not interact with Pax-8.
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42 |
8175666
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Transcriptional repression of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-I-R) gene by the tumor suppressor WT1 involves binding to sequences both upstream and downstream of the IGF-I-R gene transcription start site.
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43 |
8175666
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The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-I-R) has been implicated in the etiology and/or progression of Wilms' tumor, a pediatric malignancy of the kidney that is often associated with deletion or mutation of the WT1 tumor suppressor gene.
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44 |
8175666
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Using the purified zinc finger domain of WT1 in gel retardation and DNase I footprinting assays, we mapped five sites in the 5'-flanking and six sites in the 5'-untranslated regions that were involved in WT1 binding.
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45 |
8307571
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This G + C-rich region is 23.7 kb in length and includes the rho-, beta H-, beta A-, and epsilon-globin genes, the enhancer found between the beta A and epsilon genes, and three upstream DNase I hypersensitive sites.
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46 |
8360172
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The human locus control region (LCR) consists of four DNase I hypersensitive sites upstream of the epsilon-globin gene and is intimately involved in globin gene transcription.
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47 |
8376587
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Identification of unique nuclear regulatory proteins for the insulin receptor gene, which appear during myocyte and adipocyte differentiation.
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48 |
8376587
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Gel retardation assays, combined with DNase I footprinting, showed that the increased insulin receptor gene transcription occurring during differentiation was directly correlated with the appearance of DNA binding proteins that specifically interacted with two AT-rich sequences of the regulatory region of the insulin receptor gene.
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49 |
8429019
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DNase I foot-printing of the silencer region with K562 cell nuclear extracts defined a sequence, which we designate as the epsilon-globin silencer motif or epsilon GSM (epsilon -278 to -258 base pairs (bp)) containing a region (epsilon -270 to -258) with 90% homology to the yeast mating type silencer, ABF-1 (autonomous replicating sequence binding factor one) and which also overlaps at (epsilon -269 to -262) with the human YY1 consensus sequence, an element which mediates transcription repression and activation of viral, mouse, and human genes.
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50 |
8429019
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The DNase I footprint extended 5' in the silencer region to include an inverted repeat of a six-nucleotide motif (epsilon -267 to -278 bp) which shares 5 of 6 bases with the GATA-1 consensus sequence.
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51 |
8429019
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Recombinant yeast ABF-1 and human YY1 bound to the epsilon GSM.
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52 |
8429019
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Mutating three bases (epsilon -259, -262, -264) in the epsilon GSM decreased the binding affinity of protein B and recombinant human YY1 but increased the binding affinity of recombinant yeast ABF-1.
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53 |
8429019
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Furthermore, competitor containing the YY1 consensus sequence competed for protein B binding, whereas competitor containing a perfect yeast ABF-1 consensus sequence did not.
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54 |
8429019
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DNase I foot-printing of the silencer region with K562 cell nuclear extracts defined a sequence, which we designate as the epsilon-globin silencer motif or epsilon GSM (epsilon -278 to -258 base pairs (bp)) containing a region (epsilon -270 to -258) with 90% homology to the yeast mating type silencer, ABF-1 (autonomous replicating sequence binding factor one) and which also overlaps at (epsilon -269 to -262) with the human YY1 consensus sequence, an element which mediates transcription repression and activation of viral, mouse, and human genes.
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55 |
8429019
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The DNase I footprint extended 5' in the silencer region to include an inverted repeat of a six-nucleotide motif (epsilon -267 to -278 bp) which shares 5 of 6 bases with the GATA-1 consensus sequence.
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56 |
8429019
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Recombinant yeast ABF-1 and human YY1 bound to the epsilon GSM.
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57 |
8429019
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Mutating three bases (epsilon -259, -262, -264) in the epsilon GSM decreased the binding affinity of protein B and recombinant human YY1 but increased the binding affinity of recombinant yeast ABF-1.
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58 |
8429019
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Furthermore, competitor containing the YY1 consensus sequence competed for protein B binding, whereas competitor containing a perfect yeast ABF-1 consensus sequence did not.
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59 |
8887635
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Essential role of NF-E2 in remodeling of chromatin structure and transcriptional activation of the epsilon-globin gene in vivo by 5' hypersensitive site 2 of the beta-globin locus control region.
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60 |
8887635
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To study the activation of a mammalian gene in a natural chromatin context in vivo, we constructed a minichromosome containing the human epsilon-globin gene and portions of the beta-globin locus control region (LCR).
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61 |
8887635
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Expression of the minichromosomal epsilon-globin gene requires the presence of beta-globin LCR elements in cis, as is the case for the chromosomal gene.
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62 |
8887635
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In minichromosomes with a (mu)LCR or DNase I-hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) which actively transcribe the epsilon-globin gene, the nucleosome at the promoter is altered or disrupted while positioning of nucleosomes in the rest of the locus is retained.
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63 |
8887635
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The nucleosome at the promoter which is altered upon activation is positioned over the transcriptional elements of the epsilon-globin gene, i.e., the TATA, CCAAT, and CACCC elements, and the GATA-1 site at -165.
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64 |
9060444
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Detailed analysis of this proximal region by DNase I footprinting, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and site-directed mutagenesis indicated that Sp1 binds to three elements in this proximal promoter segment and plays a vital role in regulation of transcription from this gene.
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65 |
9744862
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The constitutive DNase I hypersensitive site at the 5' end of the chicken beta-globin locus marks the boundary of the active chromatin domain in erythroid cells.
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66 |
10523648
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We investigated the requirements for enhancer-promoter communication by using the human beta-globin locus control region (LCR) DNase I-hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) enhancer and the epsilon-globin gene in chromatinized minichromosomes in erythroid cells.
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67 |
10748140
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DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that site C contained one binding site for hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1) and two binding sites for HNF3.
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68 |
10748140
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The mutations at positions +101 and +103, which are considered to be critical in binding HNF1 and HNF3, resulted in a 53% decrease in promoter activity, whereas the mutation of the proximal HNF3 binding site (+115 and +117) reduced promoter activity by 28%.
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69 |
10748140
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The mutations of these four sites resulted in marked decrease (70%) in promoter activity as well as diminished bindings of HNF1 and HNF3.
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70 |
10748140
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A to G mutation, which causes conversion of the HNF1 and HNF3 binding sequence to the NF-Y binding site, resulted in a 22% decrease in promoter activity.
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71 |
10748140
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We identified that both HNF1 and HNF3 function as transcriptional activators in GLUT2 gene expression.
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72 |
10748140
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Coexpression of the pGL+74 (+74 to +301) construct with the HNF1alpha and HNF3beta expression vectors in NIH 3T3 cells showed the synergistic effect on GLUT2 promoter activity compared with the expression of HNF1alpha, HNF3beta, or a combination of HNF1beta and HNF3beta.
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73 |
10748140
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These data suggest that HNF1alpha and HNF3beta may be the most important players in the tissue-specific expression of the human GLUT2 gene.
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74 |
11121056
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Developmental expression at the beta-globin locus is regulated in part by the locus control region, a region upstream of the genes containing at least five major DNase I hypersensitive sites (HSs) in mammalian erythrocytes.
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75 |
11223991
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PAGA/mIL-10 plasmid complexes were stable for more than 60 min, but the naked DNA was destroyed within 10 min by DNase I.
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76 |
11529288
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Factors associated with FEV1 that were lower by >10% of pred values were: lower weight for age percentiles, haemoptysis, pneumothorax, pulmonary symptoms at presentation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, oral corticosteroids, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, dornase alfa, oxygen and assisted ventilation and, in patients >12 yrs old only, use of airway clearance techniques, inhaled bronchodilators, oral nutritional supplements, pancreatic enzymes and insulin or oral hypoglycaemics.
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77 |
11573135
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Transcriptional regulation of the human sodium/iodide symporter gene by Pax8 and TTF-1.
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78 |
11573135
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We investigated the influence of the thyroid-specific transcription factors TTF-1 and Pax8 on the NIS promoter and its 5'-flanking sequence.
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79 |
11573135
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Reporter genes containing the corresponding genomic fragments coupled to a luciferase reporter gene were cotransfected with expression vectors carrying the the cDNA's for TTF-1 and Pax8.
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80 |
11573135
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The experiments showed, that TTF-1 had no influence on the NIS promoter.
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81 |
11573135
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Pax8, on the other hand, had a moderate stimulating effect (threefold) on the proximal NIS promoter.
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82 |
11573135
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ABCD assays indicated an interaction of in vitro-translated Pax8 with the NIS promoter.
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83 |
11573135
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However, DNase I footprinting experiments with bacterially expressed Pax8 were negative, suggesting an indirect mode of action with the participation of other proteins.
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84 |
11573135
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A putative NIS upstream enhancer (NUE) 9000 bp upstream of the NIS gene, which was cloned based on its sequence homology to the rat NUE, was not transactivated by either Pax8 or TTF-1.
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85 |
11573135
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The present data demonstrate, that the combination of Pax8 and TTF-1 is less important for NIS gene transcription than for other thyroid-specific genes.
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86 |
11997516
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Conserved CTCF insulator elements flank the mouse and human beta-globin loci.
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87 |
11997516
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A binding site for the transcription factor CTCF is responsible for enhancer-blocking activity in a variety of vertebrate insulators, including the insulators at the 5' and 3' chromatin boundaries of the chicken beta-globin locus.
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88 |
11997516
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In an attempt to define boundary elements that could separate these gene clusters, CTCF-binding sites were searched for at the most distal DNase I-hypersensitive sites (HSs) of the mouse and human beta-globin loci.
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89 |
12467498
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AERx has been tested with a variety of drugs, for both topical and systemic delivery, including rhDNase (dornase alfa), insulin, and opioids.
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