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9588448
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Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been proposed as a new therapeutic agent in the management of diabetes because of its glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, but this is limited by its rapid degradation in vivo by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).
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2 |
9588448
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In the basal (nonfasted) state, valine-pyrrolidide potentiated the effect of intravenous GLP-1 on the incremental area under the curve (AUC) for glucose (-0.50 +/- 0.91 to -2.83 +/- 0.59 20 min x mmol x l(-1); P < 0.05) and insulin (23.8 +/- 30.5 to 332.5 +/- 99.6 20 min x pmol x l(-1); P < 0.05).
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3 |
9588448
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When an intravenous glucose load was given during the GLP-1 infusion, valine-pyrrolidide augmented the insulin response (AUC, 2,086.2 +/- 600.9 to 6,247.0 +/- 1443.9 40 min x pmol x l(-1); P < 0.05).
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4 |
9588448
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These results suggest that by reducing GLP-1 degradation, DPP IV inhibition potentiates the insulinotropic effect of GLP-1 and may, therefore, be a viable approach to the management of diabetes.
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5 |
12606517
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Development and characterization of a glucagon-like peptide 1-albumin conjugate: the ability to activate the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor in vivo.
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6 |
12606517
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The rapid degradation of native glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) has fostered new approaches for generation of degradation-resistant GLP-1 analogues.
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7 |
12606517
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We examined the biological activity of CJC-1131, a DPP-IV-resistant drug affinity complex (DAC) GLP-1 compound that conjugates to albumin in vivo.
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8 |
12606517
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The CJC-1131 albumin conjugate bound to the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and activated cAMP formation in heterologous fibroblasts expressing a GLP-1R.
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9 |
12606517
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These findings demonstrate that an albumin-conjugated DAC:GLP-1 mimics the action of native GLP-1 and represents a new approach for prolonged activation of GLP-1R signaling.
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10 |
12892317
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Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP IV) is a cell-surface protease belonging to the prolyloligopeptidase family.
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11 |
12892317
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Apart from its catalytic activity, it interacts with several proteins, for instance, adenosine deaminase, the HIV gp120 protein, fibronectin, collagen, the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and the tyrosine phosphatase CD45.
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12 |
12892317
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The role of DPP IV/ CD26 within the immune system is a combination of its exopeptidase activity and its interactions with different molecules.
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13 |
12892317
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This enables DPP IV/CD26 to serve as a co-stimulatory molecule to influence T cell activity and to modulate chemotaxis.
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14 |
12892317
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Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP IV) is a cell-surface protease belonging to the prolyloligopeptidase family.
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15 |
12892317
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Apart from its catalytic activity, it interacts with several proteins, for instance, adenosine deaminase, the HIV gp120 protein, fibronectin, collagen, the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and the tyrosine phosphatase CD45.
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16 |
12892317
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The role of DPP IV/ CD26 within the immune system is a combination of its exopeptidase activity and its interactions with different molecules.
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17 |
12892317
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This enables DPP IV/CD26 to serve as a co-stimulatory molecule to influence T cell activity and to modulate chemotaxis.
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18 |
12892317
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Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP IV) is a cell-surface protease belonging to the prolyloligopeptidase family.
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19 |
12892317
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Apart from its catalytic activity, it interacts with several proteins, for instance, adenosine deaminase, the HIV gp120 protein, fibronectin, collagen, the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and the tyrosine phosphatase CD45.
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20 |
12892317
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The role of DPP IV/ CD26 within the immune system is a combination of its exopeptidase activity and its interactions with different molecules.
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21 |
12892317
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This enables DPP IV/CD26 to serve as a co-stimulatory molecule to influence T cell activity and to modulate chemotaxis.
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22 |
12941425
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This class includes dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV; also termed CD26), fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP; seprase), DPP7 (DPP II; quiescent cell proline dipeptidase), DPP8, DPP9, and prolyl carboxypeptidase (PCP; angiotensinase C).
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23 |
12941425
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More distant members include prolyl oligopeptidase (POP; post proline cleaving enzyme) and acylaminoacylpeptidase (AAP; acylpeptide hydrolase).
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24 |
15032621
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In particular, we will present recent data from our laboratory that demonstrates the correlation between CD26, especially its DPP IV activity, and the key nuclear protein topoisomerase II alpha, an interaction that has important clinical implications.
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25 |
15032621
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In summary, we will examine the biology of the multifaceted CD26/DPP IV molecule, focusing particularly on its function in immune regulation and its potential role as a molecular target for novel treatment modalities for a number of disease states, ranging from autoimmune diseases, diabetes to malignancies.
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26 |
15331525
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GLP-1 is highly susceptible to enzymatic degradation in vivo, and cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is probably the most relevant, since this occurs rapidly and generates a noninsulinotropic metabolite.
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27 |
15331525
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Such strategies include DPP-IV-resistant GLP-1 analogs and selective enzyme inhibitors to prevent in vivo degradation of the peptide.
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28 |
15709922
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Because incretin actions are rapidly terminated by N-terminal cleavage of these peptide hormones by the amino-peptidase dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, CD26), the utility of DPP IV inhibitors for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes is also under investigation.
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29 |
16045816
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Left ventricular tissue was processed for enzyme catalytic histochemistry of capillary alkaline phosphatase (AlPh), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), and endothelial NO synthase/NADPH-diaphorase (NOS) and for ultrastructural analysis.
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30 |
16045816
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Quantitative evaluation demonstrated reduction of reaction product intensity of AlPh, DPP and NOS by 49.50%, 74.36%, 20.05% in diabetic and 62.93%, 82.71%, 37.65% in hypertensive rats.
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31 |
16859646
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Evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of DPP IV resistant N-terminally modified versus mid-chain acylated analogues of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.
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32 |
16859646
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Glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a gastrointestinal hormone with therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes due to its insulin-releasing and antihyperglycaemic actions.
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33 |
16859646
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Numerous GIP analogues have now been generated exhibiting DPP IV resistance and extended bioactivity profiles.
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34 |
16859646
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In this study, we report a direct comparison of the long-term antidiabetic actions of three such GIP molecules, N-AcGIP, GIP(Lys(37)PAL) and N-AcGIP(Lys(37)PAL) in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice.
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35 |
16859646
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Administration of either N-AcGIP, GIP(Lys(37)PAL) or N-AcGIP(Lys(37)PAL) significantly decreased non-fasting plasma glucose and improved glucose tolerance compared to saline treated controls.
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36 |
16859646
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The metabolic and insulin secretory responses to native GIP were also enhanced in 14-day analogue treated mice, revealing no evidence of GIP-receptor desensitization.
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37 |
16859646
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Evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of DPP IV resistant N-terminally modified versus mid-chain acylated analogues of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.
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38 |
16859646
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Glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a gastrointestinal hormone with therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes due to its insulin-releasing and antihyperglycaemic actions.
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39 |
16859646
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Numerous GIP analogues have now been generated exhibiting DPP IV resistance and extended bioactivity profiles.
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40 |
16859646
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In this study, we report a direct comparison of the long-term antidiabetic actions of three such GIP molecules, N-AcGIP, GIP(Lys(37)PAL) and N-AcGIP(Lys(37)PAL) in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice.
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41 |
16859646
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Administration of either N-AcGIP, GIP(Lys(37)PAL) or N-AcGIP(Lys(37)PAL) significantly decreased non-fasting plasma glucose and improved glucose tolerance compared to saline treated controls.
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42 |
16859646
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The metabolic and insulin secretory responses to native GIP were also enhanced in 14-day analogue treated mice, revealing no evidence of GIP-receptor desensitization.
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43 |
17486662
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Comparison of the subchronic antidiabetic effects of DPP IV-resistant GIP and GLP-1 analogues in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice.
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44 |
17486662
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are the two key incretin hormones released from the gastrointestinal tract that regulate blood glucose homeostasis through potent insulin secretion.
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45 |
17486662
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The rapid degradation of GIP and GLP-1 by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) renders both peptides noninsulinotropic.
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46 |
17486662
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Subchronic administration of N-AcGIP, (Val8)GLP-1 or combined peptide administration had no significant effects on the body weight, food intake and plasma insulin concentrations.
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47 |
17486662
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These results provide evidence for an improvement of glucose homeostasis following treatment with enzyme-resistant GIP and GLP-1 analogues.
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48 |
17573070
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Nateglinide also prevented the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by DPP IV in a time and concentration-dependent manner.
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49 |
17573070
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In vitro nateglinide and GLP-1 effects on insulin release were additive.
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50 |
17573070
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In vivo nateglinide improved the glucose-lowering and insulin-releasing activity of GLP-1 in obese-diabetic ob/ob mice.
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51 |
17573070
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Nateglinide similarly benefited the glucose and insulin responses to feeding in ob/ob mice and such actions were abolished by co-administration of exendin(9-39) and (Pro(3))GIP to block incretin hormone action.
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52 |
17573070
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These data indicate that the use of nateglinide as a prandial insulin-releasing agent may partly rely on inhibition of GLP-1 degradation as well as beta-cell K(ATP) channel inhibition.
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53 |
19190262
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Rapid degradation of GLP-1 by enzymes including dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-IV and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) 24.11, along with renal clearance, contribute to a short biological half-life, necessitating frequent injections to maintain therapeutic efficacy.
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54 |
19190262
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We have developed a novel strategy for glucose-regulated production of GLP-1 in hepatocytes by expressing a DPP-IV-resistant GLP-1 peptide in hepatocytes under control of the liver-type pyruvate kinase promoter.
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55 |
19748062
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Mechanisms underlying the rapid degradation and elimination of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP.
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56 |
19748062
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The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP, gastric inhibitory peptide) are secreted from intestinal L and K cells and stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
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57 |
19748062
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However, they are immediately inactivated mainly via N-terminal degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, CD26), a specialised enzyme located on the cell surface enzyme of endothelial, epithelial and some other cell types.
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58 |
19952298
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Nutrient intake stimulates the secretion of the gastrointestinal incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which exert glucose-dependent insulinotropic effects and assist pancreatic insulin and glucagon in maintaining glucose homeostasis.
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59 |
19952298
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An impaired incretin system, characterized by decreased responsiveness to GIP and markedly reduced GLP-1 concentration, occurs in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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60 |
19952298
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The administration of GLP-1 improves glycemic control, but GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).
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61 |
19952298
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Exenatide, a DPP-4-resistant exendin-4 GLP-1 receptor agonist, exhibits the glucoregulatory actions of GLP-1 and reduces body weight in patients with T2DM.
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62 |
19952298
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DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and saxagliptin increase endogenous GLP-1 concentration and demonstrate incretin-associated glucoregulatory actions in patients with T2DM.
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63 |
20115929
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The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are secreted in the gut upon meal ingestion and lower blood glucose by glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion and production.
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64 |
20115929
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Thus, injectable DPP-4-resistant GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and oral DPP-4 inhibitors have been developed.
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65 |
22233527
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a gut-derived hormone secreted in response to nutrients, has several glucose and weight regulating actions including enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying and reduction in food intake.
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66 |
22233527
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However, GLP-1 has significant limitations as a therapeutic due to its rapid degradation (plasma half-life of 1-2 min) by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).
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67 |
22233527
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Two main classes of GLP-1-mediated therapies are now in use: DPP-4 inhibitors that reduce the degradation of GLP-1 and DPP-4-resistant GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists.
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68 |
22233527
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This review summarizes the similarities and differences among DPP-4 inhibitors, short-acting GLP-1R agonists and long-acting GLP-1R agonists.
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69 |
22555471
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The ability of the incretin agents (glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase IV [DPP-4] inhibitors) to improve glycaemia with a low associated risk of hypoglycaemia, together with beneficial/neutral effects on body weight, offers a significant advantage for both patients and treating clinicians.
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70 |
22555471
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In 1986 they first documented a reduced incretin effect in patients with type 2 diabetes (Diabetologia 29:46-52), and then in 1993 they demonstrated that, in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, a single exogenous infusion of an incretin (GLP-1) increased insulin levels in a glucose-dependent manner and normalised fasting hyperglycaemia (Diabetologia 36:741-744).
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71 |
22555471
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In the ensuing 26 years, progress in the field of incretin hormones has resulted in a greater understanding of the relative roles of GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide secretion and activity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and the important recognition that native GLP-1 is quickly degraded by the ubiquitous protease DPP-4.
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72 |
22555471
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This has led to the development of GLP-1 agonists that are resistant to degradation by DPP-4 and of selective inhibitors of DPP-4 activity as therapeutic agents.
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73 |
22555471
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GLP-1 agonists (exenatide and liraglutide) and DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin and linagliptin) currently represent effective treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes.
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74 |
22555471
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Several additional agents are in the pipeline, including longer acting DPP-4-resistant GLP-1 agonists.
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75 |
23503814
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A DPP-IV-resistant triple-acting agonist of GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors with potent glucose-lowering and insulinotropic actions in high-fat-fed mice.
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