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Gene Information
Gene symbol: EIF2AK4
Gene name: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4
HGNC ID: 19687
Synonyms: GCN2, KIAA1338
Related Genes
| # | Gene Symbol | Number of hits |
| 1 | COMP | 1 hits |
| 2 | EIF2A | 1 hits |
| 3 | EIF2AK2 | 1 hits |
| 4 | EIF2AK3 | 1 hits |
| 5 | EIF2S1 | 1 hits |
| 6 | INS | 1 hits |
| 7 | PRKAA2 | 1 hits |
| 8 | RORC | 1 hits |
| 9 | RPS6KB1 | 1 hits |
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 9819435 | In mammals, the phosphorylation was shown to be carried out by eIF-2alpha kinases PKR and HRI. |
| 2 | 9819435 | We report the identification and characterization of a cDNA from rat pancreatic islet cells that encodes a new related kinase, which we term pancreatic eIF-2alpha kinase, or PEK. |
| 3 | 9819435 | In addition to a catalytic domain with sequence and structural features conserved among eIF-2alpha kinases, PEK contains a distinctive amino-terminal region 550 residues in length. |
| 4 | 9819435 | Using recombinant PEK produced in Escherichia coli or Sf-9 insect cells, we demonstrate that PEK is autophosphorylated on both serine and threonine residues and that the recombinant enzyme can specifically phosphorylate eIF-2alpha on serine-51. |
| 5 | 9819435 | In the Saccharomyces model system, PEK functionally substituted for the endogenous yeast eIF-2alpha kinase, GCN2, by a process requiring the serine-51 phosphorylation site in eIF-2alpha. |
| 6 | 9819435 | We also identified PEK homologs from both Caenorhabditis elegans and the puffer fish Fugu rubripes, suggesting that this eIF-2alpha kinase plays an important role in translational control from nematodes to mammals. |
| 7 | 10026192 | Characterization of a mutant pancreatic eIF-2alpha kinase, PEK, and co-localization with somatostatin in islet delta cells. |
| 8 | 10026192 | Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2alpha (eIF-2alpha) is one of the key steps where protein synthesis is regulated in response to changes in environmental conditions. |
| 9 | 10026192 | The phosphorylation is carried out in part by three distinct eIF-2alpha kinases including mammalian double-stranded RNA-dependent eIF-2alpha kinase (PKR) and heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI), and yeast GCN2. |
| 10 | 10026192 | We report the identification and characterization of a related kinase, PEK, which shares common features with other eIF-2alpha kinases including phosphorylation of eIF-2alpha in vitro. |
| 11 | 10026192 | We show that human PEK is regulated by different mechanisms than PKR or HRI. |
| 12 | 10026192 | In contrast to PKR or HRI, which are dependent on autophosphorylation for their kinase activity, a point mutation that replaced the conserved Lys-614 with an alanine completely abolished the eIF-2alpha kinase activity, whereas the mutant PEK was still autophosphorylated when expressed in Sf-9 cells. |
| 13 | 10026192 | Consistent with the high levels of mRNA in pancreas, the PEK protein was only detected in human pancreatic islets, and the kinase co-localized with somatostatin, a pancreatic delta cell-specific hormone. |
| 14 | 16246168 | Accompanying this general protein synthesis control, eIF2 phosphorylation induces translation of specific mRNAs, such as that encoding the bZIP (basic leucine zipper) transcriptional regulator ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4). |
| 15 | 16246168 | ATF4 also enhances the expression of additional transcription factors, ATF3 and CHOP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein)/GADD153 (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein), that assist in the regulation of genes involved in metabolism, the redox status of the cells and apoptosis. |
| 16 | 16246168 | Reduced translation by eIF2 phosphorylation can also lead to activation of stress-related transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB), by lowering the steady-state levels of short-lived regulatory proteins such as IkappaB (inhibitor of NF-kappaB). |
| 17 | 16246168 | Mice devoid of the eIF2 kinase GCN2 [general control non-derepressible-2 or EIF2AK4 (eIF2alpha kinase 4)] show sensitivity to nutritional deficiencies and aberrant eating behaviours, and deletion of PEK [pancreatic eIF2alpha kinase or PERK (RNA-dependent protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) or EIF2AK3] leads to neonatal insulin-dependent diabetes, epiphyseal dysplasia and hepatic and renal complications. |
| 18 | 21282364 | Leucine deprivation increases hepatic insulin sensitivity via GCN2/mTOR/S6K1 and AMPK pathways. |