Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: GALP

Gene name: galanin-like peptide

HGNC ID: 24840

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	AGRP	1 hits
2	CRH	1 hits
3	GAL	1 hits
4	GHRL	1 hits
5	INS	1 hits
6	LEP	1 hits
7	LEPR	1 hits
8	NPY	1 hits
9	POMC	1 hits
10	TRH	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	15111492	Effects of diabetes and insulin on the expression of galanin-like peptide in the hypothalamus of the rat.
2	15111492	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is produced in a small population of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and leptin stimulates the hypothalamic expression of GALP mRNA.
3	15111492	Because insulin and leptin share common signaling pathways in the brain, we reasoned that GALP neurons might also be responsive to changes in circulating concentrations of insulin.
4	15111492	To test this hypothesis, we first studied the effect of insulin deficiency on the expression of GALP by comparing levels of GALP mRNA between normal and diabetic animals.
5	15111492	Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of GALP mRNA, which was reversed by treatment with either insulin or leptin.
6	15111492	Second, we examined the effect of insulin administered directly into the brain on the expression of GALP mRNA in fasted rats.
7	15111492	Hypothalamic levels of GALP mRNA were lower in animals after a 48-h fast, and central treatment with insulin reversed this effect.
8	15111492	These results suggest that GALP neurons are direct targets for regulation by insulin and implicate these cells for a role in the metabolic and behavioral sequelae of type 1 diabetes.
9	15111492	Effects of diabetes and insulin on the expression of galanin-like peptide in the hypothalamus of the rat.
10	15111492	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is produced in a small population of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and leptin stimulates the hypothalamic expression of GALP mRNA.
11	15111492	Because insulin and leptin share common signaling pathways in the brain, we reasoned that GALP neurons might also be responsive to changes in circulating concentrations of insulin.
12	15111492	To test this hypothesis, we first studied the effect of insulin deficiency on the expression of GALP by comparing levels of GALP mRNA between normal and diabetic animals.
13	15111492	Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of GALP mRNA, which was reversed by treatment with either insulin or leptin.
14	15111492	Second, we examined the effect of insulin administered directly into the brain on the expression of GALP mRNA in fasted rats.
15	15111492	Hypothalamic levels of GALP mRNA were lower in animals after a 48-h fast, and central treatment with insulin reversed this effect.
16	15111492	These results suggest that GALP neurons are direct targets for regulation by insulin and implicate these cells for a role in the metabolic and behavioral sequelae of type 1 diabetes.
17	15111492	Effects of diabetes and insulin on the expression of galanin-like peptide in the hypothalamus of the rat.
18	15111492	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is produced in a small population of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and leptin stimulates the hypothalamic expression of GALP mRNA.
19	15111492	Because insulin and leptin share common signaling pathways in the brain, we reasoned that GALP neurons might also be responsive to changes in circulating concentrations of insulin.
20	15111492	To test this hypothesis, we first studied the effect of insulin deficiency on the expression of GALP by comparing levels of GALP mRNA between normal and diabetic animals.
21	15111492	Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of GALP mRNA, which was reversed by treatment with either insulin or leptin.
22	15111492	Second, we examined the effect of insulin administered directly into the brain on the expression of GALP mRNA in fasted rats.
23	15111492	Hypothalamic levels of GALP mRNA were lower in animals after a 48-h fast, and central treatment with insulin reversed this effect.
24	15111492	These results suggest that GALP neurons are direct targets for regulation by insulin and implicate these cells for a role in the metabolic and behavioral sequelae of type 1 diabetes.
25	15111492	Effects of diabetes and insulin on the expression of galanin-like peptide in the hypothalamus of the rat.
26	15111492	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is produced in a small population of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and leptin stimulates the hypothalamic expression of GALP mRNA.
27	15111492	Because insulin and leptin share common signaling pathways in the brain, we reasoned that GALP neurons might also be responsive to changes in circulating concentrations of insulin.
28	15111492	To test this hypothesis, we first studied the effect of insulin deficiency on the expression of GALP by comparing levels of GALP mRNA between normal and diabetic animals.
29	15111492	Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of GALP mRNA, which was reversed by treatment with either insulin or leptin.
30	15111492	Second, we examined the effect of insulin administered directly into the brain on the expression of GALP mRNA in fasted rats.
31	15111492	Hypothalamic levels of GALP mRNA were lower in animals after a 48-h fast, and central treatment with insulin reversed this effect.
32	15111492	These results suggest that GALP neurons are direct targets for regulation by insulin and implicate these cells for a role in the metabolic and behavioral sequelae of type 1 diabetes.
33	15111492	Effects of diabetes and insulin on the expression of galanin-like peptide in the hypothalamus of the rat.
34	15111492	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is produced in a small population of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and leptin stimulates the hypothalamic expression of GALP mRNA.
35	15111492	Because insulin and leptin share common signaling pathways in the brain, we reasoned that GALP neurons might also be responsive to changes in circulating concentrations of insulin.
36	15111492	To test this hypothesis, we first studied the effect of insulin deficiency on the expression of GALP by comparing levels of GALP mRNA between normal and diabetic animals.
37	15111492	Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of GALP mRNA, which was reversed by treatment with either insulin or leptin.
38	15111492	Second, we examined the effect of insulin administered directly into the brain on the expression of GALP mRNA in fasted rats.
39	15111492	Hypothalamic levels of GALP mRNA were lower in animals after a 48-h fast, and central treatment with insulin reversed this effect.
40	15111492	These results suggest that GALP neurons are direct targets for regulation by insulin and implicate these cells for a role in the metabolic and behavioral sequelae of type 1 diabetes.
41	15111492	Effects of diabetes and insulin on the expression of galanin-like peptide in the hypothalamus of the rat.
42	15111492	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is produced in a small population of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and leptin stimulates the hypothalamic expression of GALP mRNA.
43	15111492	Because insulin and leptin share common signaling pathways in the brain, we reasoned that GALP neurons might also be responsive to changes in circulating concentrations of insulin.
44	15111492	To test this hypothesis, we first studied the effect of insulin deficiency on the expression of GALP by comparing levels of GALP mRNA between normal and diabetic animals.
45	15111492	Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of GALP mRNA, which was reversed by treatment with either insulin or leptin.
46	15111492	Second, we examined the effect of insulin administered directly into the brain on the expression of GALP mRNA in fasted rats.
47	15111492	Hypothalamic levels of GALP mRNA were lower in animals after a 48-h fast, and central treatment with insulin reversed this effect.
48	15111492	These results suggest that GALP neurons are direct targets for regulation by insulin and implicate these cells for a role in the metabolic and behavioral sequelae of type 1 diabetes.
49	15111492	Effects of diabetes and insulin on the expression of galanin-like peptide in the hypothalamus of the rat.
50	15111492	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is produced in a small population of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and leptin stimulates the hypothalamic expression of GALP mRNA.
51	15111492	Because insulin and leptin share common signaling pathways in the brain, we reasoned that GALP neurons might also be responsive to changes in circulating concentrations of insulin.
52	15111492	To test this hypothesis, we first studied the effect of insulin deficiency on the expression of GALP by comparing levels of GALP mRNA between normal and diabetic animals.
53	15111492	Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of GALP mRNA, which was reversed by treatment with either insulin or leptin.
54	15111492	Second, we examined the effect of insulin administered directly into the brain on the expression of GALP mRNA in fasted rats.
55	15111492	Hypothalamic levels of GALP mRNA were lower in animals after a 48-h fast, and central treatment with insulin reversed this effect.
56	15111492	These results suggest that GALP neurons are direct targets for regulation by insulin and implicate these cells for a role in the metabolic and behavioral sequelae of type 1 diabetes.
57	15111492	Effects of diabetes and insulin on the expression of galanin-like peptide in the hypothalamus of the rat.
58	15111492	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is produced in a small population of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and leptin stimulates the hypothalamic expression of GALP mRNA.
59	15111492	Because insulin and leptin share common signaling pathways in the brain, we reasoned that GALP neurons might also be responsive to changes in circulating concentrations of insulin.
60	15111492	To test this hypothesis, we first studied the effect of insulin deficiency on the expression of GALP by comparing levels of GALP mRNA between normal and diabetic animals.
61	15111492	Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of GALP mRNA, which was reversed by treatment with either insulin or leptin.
62	15111492	Second, we examined the effect of insulin administered directly into the brain on the expression of GALP mRNA in fasted rats.
63	15111492	Hypothalamic levels of GALP mRNA were lower in animals after a 48-h fast, and central treatment with insulin reversed this effect.
64	15111492	These results suggest that GALP neurons are direct targets for regulation by insulin and implicate these cells for a role in the metabolic and behavioral sequelae of type 1 diabetes.
65	15256810	Galanin-like peptide mRNA alterations in arcuate nucleus and neural lobe of streptozotocin-diabetic and obese zucker rats.
66	15256810	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a 60-amino-acid peptide with structural similarities to galanin and a high affinity for galanin receptors.
67	15256810	GALP neurons express leptin receptors and GALP mRNA levels are decreased slightly in fasted rats and stimulated significantly by acute leptin treatment in combination with fasting.
68	15256810	In studies to further explore the leptin dependence of GALP expression, we examined GALP mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of obese Zucker and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ-DM) rats.
69	15256810	In leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats, with 75% higher body weight than lean littermates, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 75%, while neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels were increased 7-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001), consistent with earlier reports.
70	15256810	In hypoleptinemic diabetic rats with 4.5-fold higher blood glucose and 15% lower body weight than controls, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 90%, while NPY mRNA levels were increased 9-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001).
71	15256810	The current findings are consistent with a strong tonic influence of leptin receptor signalling on hypothalamic GALP expression under normal conditions, and possible abnormalities in GALP neuronal signalling and their putative targets, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone neurons, under pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes and obesity.
72	15256810	Galanin-like peptide mRNA alterations in arcuate nucleus and neural lobe of streptozotocin-diabetic and obese zucker rats.
73	15256810	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a 60-amino-acid peptide with structural similarities to galanin and a high affinity for galanin receptors.
74	15256810	GALP neurons express leptin receptors and GALP mRNA levels are decreased slightly in fasted rats and stimulated significantly by acute leptin treatment in combination with fasting.
75	15256810	In studies to further explore the leptin dependence of GALP expression, we examined GALP mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of obese Zucker and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ-DM) rats.
76	15256810	In leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats, with 75% higher body weight than lean littermates, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 75%, while neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels were increased 7-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001), consistent with earlier reports.
77	15256810	In hypoleptinemic diabetic rats with 4.5-fold higher blood glucose and 15% lower body weight than controls, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 90%, while NPY mRNA levels were increased 9-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001).
78	15256810	The current findings are consistent with a strong tonic influence of leptin receptor signalling on hypothalamic GALP expression under normal conditions, and possible abnormalities in GALP neuronal signalling and their putative targets, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone neurons, under pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes and obesity.
79	15256810	Galanin-like peptide mRNA alterations in arcuate nucleus and neural lobe of streptozotocin-diabetic and obese zucker rats.
80	15256810	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a 60-amino-acid peptide with structural similarities to galanin and a high affinity for galanin receptors.
81	15256810	GALP neurons express leptin receptors and GALP mRNA levels are decreased slightly in fasted rats and stimulated significantly by acute leptin treatment in combination with fasting.
82	15256810	In studies to further explore the leptin dependence of GALP expression, we examined GALP mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of obese Zucker and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ-DM) rats.
83	15256810	In leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats, with 75% higher body weight than lean littermates, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 75%, while neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels were increased 7-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001), consistent with earlier reports.
84	15256810	In hypoleptinemic diabetic rats with 4.5-fold higher blood glucose and 15% lower body weight than controls, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 90%, while NPY mRNA levels were increased 9-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001).
85	15256810	The current findings are consistent with a strong tonic influence of leptin receptor signalling on hypothalamic GALP expression under normal conditions, and possible abnormalities in GALP neuronal signalling and their putative targets, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone neurons, under pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes and obesity.
86	15256810	Galanin-like peptide mRNA alterations in arcuate nucleus and neural lobe of streptozotocin-diabetic and obese zucker rats.
87	15256810	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a 60-amino-acid peptide with structural similarities to galanin and a high affinity for galanin receptors.
88	15256810	GALP neurons express leptin receptors and GALP mRNA levels are decreased slightly in fasted rats and stimulated significantly by acute leptin treatment in combination with fasting.
89	15256810	In studies to further explore the leptin dependence of GALP expression, we examined GALP mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of obese Zucker and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ-DM) rats.
90	15256810	In leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats, with 75% higher body weight than lean littermates, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 75%, while neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels were increased 7-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001), consistent with earlier reports.
91	15256810	In hypoleptinemic diabetic rats with 4.5-fold higher blood glucose and 15% lower body weight than controls, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 90%, while NPY mRNA levels were increased 9-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001).
92	15256810	The current findings are consistent with a strong tonic influence of leptin receptor signalling on hypothalamic GALP expression under normal conditions, and possible abnormalities in GALP neuronal signalling and their putative targets, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone neurons, under pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes and obesity.
93	15256810	Galanin-like peptide mRNA alterations in arcuate nucleus and neural lobe of streptozotocin-diabetic and obese zucker rats.
94	15256810	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a 60-amino-acid peptide with structural similarities to galanin and a high affinity for galanin receptors.
95	15256810	GALP neurons express leptin receptors and GALP mRNA levels are decreased slightly in fasted rats and stimulated significantly by acute leptin treatment in combination with fasting.
96	15256810	In studies to further explore the leptin dependence of GALP expression, we examined GALP mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of obese Zucker and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ-DM) rats.
97	15256810	In leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats, with 75% higher body weight than lean littermates, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 75%, while neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels were increased 7-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001), consistent with earlier reports.
98	15256810	In hypoleptinemic diabetic rats with 4.5-fold higher blood glucose and 15% lower body weight than controls, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 90%, while NPY mRNA levels were increased 9-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001).
99	15256810	The current findings are consistent with a strong tonic influence of leptin receptor signalling on hypothalamic GALP expression under normal conditions, and possible abnormalities in GALP neuronal signalling and their putative targets, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone neurons, under pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes and obesity.
100	15256810	Galanin-like peptide mRNA alterations in arcuate nucleus and neural lobe of streptozotocin-diabetic and obese zucker rats.
101	15256810	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a 60-amino-acid peptide with structural similarities to galanin and a high affinity for galanin receptors.
102	15256810	GALP neurons express leptin receptors and GALP mRNA levels are decreased slightly in fasted rats and stimulated significantly by acute leptin treatment in combination with fasting.
103	15256810	In studies to further explore the leptin dependence of GALP expression, we examined GALP mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of obese Zucker and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ-DM) rats.
104	15256810	In leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats, with 75% higher body weight than lean littermates, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 75%, while neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels were increased 7-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001), consistent with earlier reports.
105	15256810	In hypoleptinemic diabetic rats with 4.5-fold higher blood glucose and 15% lower body weight than controls, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 90%, while NPY mRNA levels were increased 9-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001).
106	15256810	The current findings are consistent with a strong tonic influence of leptin receptor signalling on hypothalamic GALP expression under normal conditions, and possible abnormalities in GALP neuronal signalling and their putative targets, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone neurons, under pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes and obesity.
107	15256810	Galanin-like peptide mRNA alterations in arcuate nucleus and neural lobe of streptozotocin-diabetic and obese zucker rats.
108	15256810	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a 60-amino-acid peptide with structural similarities to galanin and a high affinity for galanin receptors.
109	15256810	GALP neurons express leptin receptors and GALP mRNA levels are decreased slightly in fasted rats and stimulated significantly by acute leptin treatment in combination with fasting.
110	15256810	In studies to further explore the leptin dependence of GALP expression, we examined GALP mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of obese Zucker and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ-DM) rats.
111	15256810	In leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats, with 75% higher body weight than lean littermates, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 75%, while neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels were increased 7-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001), consistent with earlier reports.
112	15256810	In hypoleptinemic diabetic rats with 4.5-fold higher blood glucose and 15% lower body weight than controls, GALP mRNA levels in the ARC were decreased by 90%, while NPY mRNA levels were increased 9-fold (n = 5, p < 0.001).
113	15256810	The current findings are consistent with a strong tonic influence of leptin receptor signalling on hypothalamic GALP expression under normal conditions, and possible abnormalities in GALP neuronal signalling and their putative targets, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone neurons, under pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes and obesity.
114	16046316	Galanin-like peptide rescues reproductive function in the diabetic rat.
115	16046316	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and is regulated by leptin and insulin.
116	16046316	Third, we examined whether intracerebroventricular administration of affinity-purified GALP antibody could block the effect of insulin and leptin in reversing the effects of diabetes on LH and sexual behavior.
117	16046316	We found that treatment of diabetic animals with insulin and leptin nearly normalized LH levels and sexual behaviors; however, this effect was attenuated by intracerebroventricular administration of GALP antibody (P < 0.05).
118	16046316	Galanin-like peptide rescues reproductive function in the diabetic rat.
119	16046316	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and is regulated by leptin and insulin.
120	16046316	Third, we examined whether intracerebroventricular administration of affinity-purified GALP antibody could block the effect of insulin and leptin in reversing the effects of diabetes on LH and sexual behavior.
121	16046316	We found that treatment of diabetic animals with insulin and leptin nearly normalized LH levels and sexual behaviors; however, this effect was attenuated by intracerebroventricular administration of GALP antibody (P < 0.05).
122	16046316	Galanin-like peptide rescues reproductive function in the diabetic rat.
123	16046316	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and is regulated by leptin and insulin.
124	16046316	Third, we examined whether intracerebroventricular administration of affinity-purified GALP antibody could block the effect of insulin and leptin in reversing the effects of diabetes on LH and sexual behavior.
125	16046316	We found that treatment of diabetic animals with insulin and leptin nearly normalized LH levels and sexual behaviors; however, this effect was attenuated by intracerebroventricular administration of GALP antibody (P < 0.05).
126	16046316	Galanin-like peptide rescues reproductive function in the diabetic rat.
127	16046316	Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and is regulated by leptin and insulin.
128	16046316	Third, we examined whether intracerebroventricular administration of affinity-purified GALP antibody could block the effect of insulin and leptin in reversing the effects of diabetes on LH and sexual behavior.
129	16046316	We found that treatment of diabetic animals with insulin and leptin nearly normalized LH levels and sexual behaviors; however, this effect was attenuated by intracerebroventricular administration of GALP antibody (P < 0.05).
130	16965293	Young adult-specific hyperphagia in diabetic Goto-kakizaki rats is associated with leptin resistance and elevation of neuropeptide Y mRNA in the arcuate nucleus.
131	16965293	In GK rats, leptin-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was significantly reduced in the cells of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), but not of the ventromedial hypothalamus, whereas the mRNA level of functional leptin receptor was unaltered.
132	16965293	By real-time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation, mRNA levels of neuropeptide Y, but not pro-opiomelanocortin and galanin-like peptide, were significantly increased in the ARC of GK rats at 11 weeks, but not 26 weeks.
133	16965293	These results demonstrate that young adult GK rats display hyperphagia in association with leptin resistance and increased NPY mRNA level in the ARC.
134	18421906	The various hormones, proteins and other compounds related to developing obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are analyzed in the paper. 1) Leptin, ciliary neurutrophic factor, adiponectin, glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide YY, neuromedin S, as well as the protein receptors of these hormones decrease the food consumption, increase the energy turnover, and prevent obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes development.
135	18421906	The mediators of these hormone and receptor actions are melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and the others. 2) Ghrelin, endogenose cannabinoides, galanin-like peptide and the mediators of their actions: neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti gene related protein (AGRP) increase the appetite and food consumption.